1
|
Stefanelli M, Magna G, Di Natale C, Paolesse R, Monti D. Stereospecific Self-Assembly Processes of Porphyrin-Proline Conjugates: From the Effect of Structural Features and Bulk Solvent Properties to the Application in Stereoselective Sensor Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:15587. [PMID: 36555226 PMCID: PMC9779260 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjugating the porphyrin ring with an amino acid via amide linkage represents a straightforward way for conferring both amphiphilicity and chirality to the macrocycle. Proline residue is a good choice in this context since its conformational rigidity allows for porphyrin assembling where molecular chirality is efficiently transferred and amplified using properly honed aqueous environments. Herein, we describe the evolution of the studies carried out by our group to achieve chiral systems from some porphyrin-proline derivatives, both in solution and in the solid state. The discussion focuses on some fundamental aspects reflecting on the final molecular architectures obtained, which are related to the nature of the appended group (stereochemistry and charge), the presence of a metal ion coordinated to the porphyrin core and the bulk solvent properties. Indeed, fine-tuning the mentioned parameters enables the achievement of stereospecific structures with distinctive chiroptical and morphological features. Solid films based on these chiral systems were also obtained and their recognition abilities in gaseous and liquid phase are here described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Stefanelli
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Magna
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Corrado Di Natale
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Viale del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Paolesse
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Donato Monti
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Spatiotemporal segregation of chiral supramolecular polymers. Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2022.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
3
|
Balahoju SA, Maurya YK, Chmielewski PJ, Lis T, Kondratowicz M, Cybińska J, Stępień M. Helicity Modulation in NIR-Absorbing Porphyrin-Ryleneimides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200781. [PMID: 35130373 PMCID: PMC9303407 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral substitution of a π‐extended porphyrin with bulky groups produces a curved chromophore with four helical stereogenic units. The curvature and stereochemistry of such porphyrins can be controlled by varying the substituents, coordinated metal ions, and apical ligands. In particular, when the achiral saddle‐shaped free bases are treated with large metal ions, i.e., CdII or HgII, the resulting complexes convert to chiral propeller‐like configurations. X‐ray diffraction analyses show that apical coordination of a water molecule is sufficient to induce a notable bowl‐like distortion of the cadmium complex, which however retains its chiral structure. For phenyl‐ and tolyl‐substituted derivatives, the conversion is thermodynamically controlled, whereas complexes bearing bulky 4‐(tert‐butyl)phenyl groups transform into their chiral forms upon heating. In the latter case, the chiral Hg porphyrin was converted into the corresponding free base and other metal complexes without any loss of configurational purity, ultimately providing access to stable, enantiopure porphyrin propellers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yogesh Kumar Maurya
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Piotr J Chmielewski
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Lis
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Mateusz Kondratowicz
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Joanna Cybińska
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland.,(PORT) Polski Ośrodek Rozwoju Technologii, ul. Stabłowicka 147, 54-066, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Balahoju SA, Maurya YK, Chmielewski PJ, Lis T, Kondratowicz M, Cybińska J, Stępień M. Helicity Modulation in NIR‐Absorbing Porphyrin‐Ryleneimides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yogesh Kumar Maurya
- Wydział Chemii Uniwersytet Wrocławski ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Piotr J. Chmielewski
- Wydział Chemii Uniwersytet Wrocławski ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Tadeusz Lis
- Wydział Chemii Uniwersytet Wrocławski ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Mateusz Kondratowicz
- Wydział Chemii Uniwersytet Wrocławski ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Joanna Cybińska
- Wydział Chemii Uniwersytet Wrocławski ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Poland
- (PORT) Polski Ośrodek Rozwoju Technologii ul. Stabłowicka 147 54-066 Wrocław Poland
| | - Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii Uniwersytet Wrocławski ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Poland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang HX, Xu L, Zhu X, Xue C, Zhang L, Liu M. Dissymmetrical tails-regulated helical nanoarchitectonics of amphiphilic ornithines: nanotubes, bundles and twists. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:1001-1007. [PMID: 35024717 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr07538a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
How dissymmetrical tails (i.e. tails of different lengths) in one lipid molecule exert an impact on the structure and properties of the resulting assembly is an intriguing issue in both biological and material senses. However, the underlying mechanism that engenders such phenomena is still obscure, which prompted us to unmask it by exploring the self-assembly behaviours of artificial building blocks comprising dissymmetrical tails. Here, a series of Fmoc-protected ornithine lipids with dissymmetrical alkyl tails was designed and the dissymmetry of the two tails was found to hierarchically tune the self-assembled nanostructures from nanotubes to bundles and nanotwists. With the Fmoc-headgroup employed as a chromophorous probe, it was revealed that the alkyl chain dissymmetry controlled the interacting modes of van der Waals interactions between alkyl tails, π-π stacking between Fmoc motifs and hydrogen bonding formed by the three amide bonds in lipid bilayers. The counterbalance between those noncovalent interactions was responsible for such remarkable tuning ability towards self-assembly and emissive behaviours of the lipids, including circularly polarized light emission. This work provides insight into dissymmetrical tails-regulated biological structures and functions of natural lipids, and also sets up a novel strategy of rationally modulating chiral and emissive properties of supramolecular materials, i.e., tunable CPL materials, by exploitation of the tail dissymmetry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han-Xiao Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Lifei Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Chenlu Xue
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Minghua Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gui M, Han Y, Zhong H, Liao R, Wang F. Investigation of the Amide Linkages on Cooperative Supramolecular Polymerization of Organoplatinum(II) Complexes. Molecules 2021; 26:2832. [PMID: 34068830 PMCID: PMC8126204 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cooperative supramolecular polymerization of π-conjugated compounds into one-dimensional nanostructures has received tremendous attentions in recent years. It is commonly achieved by incorporating amide linkages into the monomeric structures, which provide hydrogen bonds for intermolecular non-covalent complexation. Herein, the effect of amide linkages is elaborately studied, by comparing supramolecular polymerization behaviors of two structurally similar monomers with the same platinum(II) acetylide cores. As compared to the N-phenyl benzamide linkages, N-[(1S)-1-phenylethyl] benzamide linkages give rise to effective chirality transfer behaviors due to the closer distances between the chiral units and the platinum(II) acetylide core. They also provide stronger intermolecular hydrogen bonding strength, which consequently brings higher thermo-stability and enhanced gelation capability for the resulting supramolecular polymers. Supramolecular polymerization is further strengthened by varying the monomers from monotopic to ditopic structures. Hence, with the judicious modulation of structural parameters, the current study opens up new avenues for the rational design of supramolecular polymeric systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rui Liao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; (M.G.); (Y.H.); (H.Z.)
| | - Feng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; (M.G.); (Y.H.); (H.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhao J, Hao A, Xing P. Enhancing Optical Activities of Benzimidazole Derivatives through Coassembly for High-Efficiency Synthesis of Chiroptical Nanomaterials and Accurate ee % Detection of Natural Acids. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:6830-6843. [PMID: 33502861 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c20735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Developing efficient protocols to enhance the optical activities of chiral self-assemblies is a key to realizing their chiroptical functions such as chiral sensing and displays. Here, we have reported a coassembly protocol to efficiently boost the chiroptical responses, whereby the synthesis of chiroptical nanomaterials and highly accurate detection of enantiomeric excess (ee %) were achieved. A series of benzimidazole derivatives with different topologies underwent spontaneous aggregation and symmetry breaking in solution, generating silent Cotton effects, yet exclusive weak left-handed circularly polarized luminescence (CPL). The coassembly with natural hydroxyl acids via complementary H bonds afforded chiral nanostructures with emerged Cotton effects and enhanced CPL. Dissymmetry g-factors were dramatically boosted (glum from 1 × 10-3 to 5.5 × 10-2, gabs from 0 to 6.7 × 10-3). In addition, proof of concept of recognition and detection of natural chiral molecules was realized with high accuracy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianjian Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiyou Hao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengyao Xing
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Occhiuto IG, Castriciano MA, Trapani M, Zagami R, Romeo A, Pasternack RF, Monsù Scolaro L. Controlling J-Aggregates Formation and Chirality Induction through Demetallation of a Zinc(II) Water Soluble Porphyrin. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114001. [PMID: 32503280 PMCID: PMC7313071 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Under acidic conditions and at high ionic strength, the zinc cation is removed from its metal complex with 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin (TPPS4) thus leading to the diacid free porphyrin, that subsequently self-organize into J-aggregates. The kinetics of the demetallation step and the successive supramolecular assembly formation have been investigated as a function of pH and ionic strength (controlled by adding ZnSO4). The demetallation kinetics obey to a rate law that is first order in [ZnTPPS4] and second order in [H+], according to literature, with k2 = 5.5 ± 0.4 M−2 s−1 at 298 K (IS = 0.6 M, ZnSO4). The aggregation process has been modeled according to an autocatalytic growth, where after the formation of a starting seed containing m porphyrin units, the rate evolves as a power of time. A complete analysis of the extinction time traces at various wavelengths allows extraction of the relevant kinetic parameters, showing that a trimer or tetramer should be involved in the rate-determining step of the aggregation. The extinction spectra of the J-aggregates evidence quite broad bands, suggesting an electronic coupling mechanism different to the usual Frenkel exciton coupling. Resonance light scattering intensity in the aggregated samples increases with increasing both [H+] and [ZnSO4]. Symmetry breaking occurs in these samples and the J-aggregates show circular dichroism spectra with unusual bands. The asymmetry g-factor decreases in its absolute value with increasing the catalytic rate kc, nulling and eventually switching the Cotton effect from negative to positive. Some inferences on the role exerted by zinc cations on the kinetics and structural features of these nanostructures have been discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Giuseppina Occhiuto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina and C.I.R.C.M.S.B V.le F. Stagno D’Alcontres, 31-98166 Messina, Italy;
| | - Maria Angela Castriciano
- CNR-ISMN Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, V.le F. Stagno D’Alcontres, 31-98166 Messina, Italy; (M.T.); (R.Z.)
- Correspondence: (M.A.C.); (A.R.); (L.M.S.); Tel.: +39-090-6765711 (L.M.S.)
| | - Mariachiara Trapani
- CNR-ISMN Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, V.le F. Stagno D’Alcontres, 31-98166 Messina, Italy; (M.T.); (R.Z.)
| | - Roberto Zagami
- CNR-ISMN Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, V.le F. Stagno D’Alcontres, 31-98166 Messina, Italy; (M.T.); (R.Z.)
| | - Andrea Romeo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina and C.I.R.C.M.S.B V.le F. Stagno D’Alcontres, 31-98166 Messina, Italy;
- CNR-ISMN Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, V.le F. Stagno D’Alcontres, 31-98166 Messina, Italy; (M.T.); (R.Z.)
- Correspondence: (M.A.C.); (A.R.); (L.M.S.); Tel.: +39-090-6765711 (L.M.S.)
| | - Robert F. Pasternack
- Department of Chemistry, Swarthmore College, 500 College Avenue, Swarthmore, PA 19081, USA;
| | - Luigi Monsù Scolaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina and C.I.R.C.M.S.B V.le F. Stagno D’Alcontres, 31-98166 Messina, Italy;
- CNR-ISMN Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, V.le F. Stagno D’Alcontres, 31-98166 Messina, Italy; (M.T.); (R.Z.)
- Correspondence: (M.A.C.); (A.R.); (L.M.S.); Tel.: +39-090-6765711 (L.M.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu Y, Li X, Niu X, Yu L, Sha W, Wang W, Yuan Z. In situ self-assembled biosupramolecular porphyrin nanofibers for enhancing photodynamic therapy in tumors. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:11119-11129. [PMID: 32400786 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr10646d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Due to the complicated environment and high tissue hydraulic pressure in tumors that easily pumps the nanomedicines back to the systemic circulation, the concentration of released photosensitizers (PSs) retained in a tumor by a traditional nano-delivery system is very low, causing an unsatisfactory photodynamic therapy (PDT) effect. Therefore, we prepared a pH/H2O2-responsive nano-system (ZnP-OC-M) through modified porphyrin PS units with a long-unsaturated oleoyl chloride chain, and by the further introduction of hydrophilic hydroxyl groups and MnO2 through a cis-addition reaction between the unsaturated double bonds of oleoyl chloride and dilute KMnO4 solution. Making use of the sensitivity of MnO2 to the H2O2 in the acid environment of tumor cells, ZnP-OC-M selectively realized responsive disintegration and O2 generation. More importantly, the rich amphiphilic PS units were shedded simultaneously and spontaneously completed the self-assembly into nanofibers in situ by helical stacking, which displayed a 1.85-fold higher retention effect of PSs in vivo compared with free PS groups and showed a great tumor inhibition effect in enhancing PDT. This nanosystem effectively solves the problem of the low retention abilities leading to a poor PS concentration in a tumor, prolonging the treatment time window efficiently after only a single administration and achieving the purpose of PDT enhancement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ozcelik A, Pereira-Cameselle R, Poklar Ulrih N, Petrovic AG, Alonso-Gómez JL. Chiroptical Sensing: A Conceptual Introduction. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E974. [PMID: 32059394 PMCID: PMC7071115 DOI: 10.3390/s20040974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chiroptical responses have been an essential tool over the last decades for chemical structural elucidation due to their exceptional sensitivity to geometry and intermolecular interactions. In recent times, there has been an increasing interest in the search for more efficient sensing by the rational design of tailored chiroptical systems. In this review article, advances made in chiroptical systems towards their implementation in sensing applications are summarized. Strategies to generate chiroptical responses are illustrated. Theoretical approaches to assist in the design of these systems are discussed. The development of efficient chiroptical reporters in different states of matter, essential for the implementation in sensing devises, is reviewed. In the last part, remarkable examples of chiroptical sensing applications are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ani Ozcelik
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain; (A.O.); (R.P.-C.)
| | | | - Natasa Poklar Ulrih
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Kongresni trg 12, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Ana G. Petrovic
- Department of Biological & Chemical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, New York, NY 10023, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Panda SS, Shmilovich K, Ferguson AL, Tovar JD. Controlling Supramolecular Chirality in Peptide-π-Peptide Networks by Variation of the Alkyl Spacer Length. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:14060-14073. [PMID: 31566986 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled supramolecular organic materials with π-functionalities are of great interest because of their applications as biocompatible nanoelectronics. A detailed understanding of molecular parameters to modulate the formation of hierarchical structures can inform design principles for materials with engineered optical and electronic properties. In this work, we combine molecular-level characterization techniques with all-atom molecular simulations to investigate the subtle relationship between the chemical structure of peptide-π-peptide molecules and the emergent supramolecular chirality of their spontaneously self-assembled nanoaggregates. We demonstrate through circular dichroism measurements that we can modulate the chirality by incorporating alkyl spacers of various lengths in between the peptides and thienylene-phenylene π-system chromophores: even numbers of alkyl carbons in the spacer units (0, 2) induce M-type helical character whereas odd numbers (1, 3) induce P-type. Corroborating molecular dynamics simulations and explicating machine learning analysis techniques identify hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic packing to be the principal discriminants of the observed chirality switches. Our results present a molecular-level design rule to engineer chirality into optically and electronically active nanoaggregates of these peptidic building blocks by exploiting systematic variations in the alkyl spacer length.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kirill Shmilovich
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering , University of Chicago , 5640 South Ellis Avenue , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
| | - Andrew L Ferguson
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering , University of Chicago , 5640 South Ellis Avenue , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Riba-Moliner M, Oliveras-González C, Amabilino DB, González-Campo A. Supramolecular block copolymers incorporating chiral and achiral chromophores for the bottom-up assembly of nanomaterials. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424619500809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The coordination of the chiral metalloporphyrin ([5,10,15,20-[4-([Formula: see text]-2-[Formula: see text]-octadecylamidoethyloxiphenyl]porphyrin] zinc (II)) and an achiral homologue to an amphiphilic block copolymer of poly(styrene-[Formula: see text]-4-vinyl pyridine) (PS-[Formula: see text]-P4VP) have been studied in solution and as cast material. The resulting chiral dye-polymer hybrid material has been accomplished via axial coordination between the zinc (II) metal ion in the core of the porphyrin ring and the pyridyl units of the block-copolymer in a non-coordinative solvent. The supramolecular organization and possible chirality transfer to the hybrid material have been studied in solution by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Circular Dichroism. The morphology of the chiral and achiral doped polymers has been studied in solid state by Transmission Electron Microscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy. We show that the nanostructures formed depend greatly upon the nature of the side-chains on the porphyrins, where a chiral group leads to a very homogeneous phase-separated material, perhaps indicating that chiral side groups are useful for the preparation of this type of supramolecular hybrid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Riba-Moliner
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus Universitari, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Cristina Oliveras-González
- Université d’Angers, CNRS Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou, UMR 6200, UFR Science, Bât. K, 2 Bd. Lavoisier, 49045 Angers, France
| | - David B. Amabilino
- School of Chemistry, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Arántzazu González-Campo
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus Universitari, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhao H, Yang Q, Wang Z, Zhao H, Liu B, Chen Q, Dong M. Fabrication of 2D Hetero-Complexes With Nucleic-Acid-Base Adenine and Fatty-Acid Stearic Acid at Liquid/Solid Interface. Front Chem 2019; 7:513. [PMID: 31403041 PMCID: PMC6669938 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Designing and fabricating hetero-complexes composed of organic and biological compounds had become an exciting area referring to biological recognition, molecular devices etc. Here, hydrogen-bonded complex of nucleic-acid-base (adenine, A) and fatty-acid (stearic acid, SA) was designed, fabricated and investigated at liquid/solid interface. The interesting striped-shaped structure composed of SA-A-SA trimers was formed after introducing adenine molecules. Meanwhile, the primary lamella-shape characteristic of the assembly of SA molecules was kept because of the collaboration of non-covalent interactions of molecule-molecule and molecule-substrate. With a series of experimental characterization and theoretical simulation, the origination of the as-prepared 2D hetero-complexes was gradually exhibited from the assembled structures of two building blocks of stearic acid and adenine. Our study provides a blueprint for designing additional multi-component complexes based on the existing molecular assembled architectures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Zhao
- School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research (SDC), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Qian Yang
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research (SDC), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Zegao Wang
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research (SDC), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Liu
- School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Qianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingdong Dong
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research (SDC), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Nieckarz D, Szabelski P. Surface-Confined Self-Assembly of Asymmetric Tetratopic Molecular Building Blocks. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:1850-1859. [PMID: 31095854 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Surface-confined self-assembly of functional molecular building blocks has recently been widely used to create low-dimensional, also covalent, superstructures with tailorable geometry and physicochemical properties. In this contribution, using the lattice Monte Carlo simulation method, we demonstrate how the structure-property relation can be established for the 2D self-assembly of a model tetrapod molecule with reduced symmetry. To that end, a rigid functional unit comprising a few interconnected segments arranged in different tetrapod shapes was used and its self-assembly on a triangular lattice representing a (111) crystal surface was simulated. The results of our calculations show strong dependence of the structure formation on the molecular symmetry, in particular on the (pro)chiral nature of the building block. The simulations predicted the formation of unusual ordered racemic networks with unique aperiodic spatial distribution of the surface enantiomers. Molecular symmetry was also found to have significant influence on the enantiopure self-assembly which resulted in the Kagome and brickwall networks and other less ordered extended superstructures with parallelogram pores. The theoretical findings of this contribution can be relevant to designing and on-surface synthesis of molecular superstructures with predefined geometries and functions. In particular, the predicted molecular architectures can stimulate experimental efforts to fabricate and explore new nanostructures, for example graphitic, having the composition and geometry proposed in our study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damian Nieckarz
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Maria-Curie Skłodowska University, Pl. M.C. Skłodowskiej 3, 20-031, Lublin, Poland
| | - Paweł Szabelski
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Maria-Curie Skłodowska University, Pl. M.C. Skłodowskiej 3, 20-031, Lublin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tahara K, Noguchi A, Nakayama R, Ghijsens E, De Feyter S, Tobe Y. Reversing the Handedness of Self‐Assembled Porous Molecular Networks through the Number of Identical Chiral Centres. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:7733-7738. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201902565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazukuni Tahara
- Division of Frontier Materials ScienceGraduate School of Engineering ScienceOsaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
- Department of Applied ChemistrySchool of Science and TechnologyMeiji University 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku Kawasaki 214-8571 Japan
| | - Aya Noguchi
- Division of Frontier Materials ScienceGraduate School of Engineering ScienceOsaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Ruri Nakayama
- Department of Applied ChemistrySchool of Science and TechnologyMeiji University 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku Kawasaki 214-8571 Japan
| | - Elke Ghijsens
- Division of Molecular Imaging and PhotonicsDepartment of ChemistryKU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Division of Molecular Imaging and PhotonicsDepartment of ChemistryKU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Yoshito Tobe
- Division of Frontier Materials ScienceGraduate School of Engineering ScienceOsaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial ResearchOsaka University Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047 Japan
- Department of Applied ChemistryNational Chiao Tung University 1001 Ta Hsueh Road Hsinchu 30030 Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Tahara K, Noguchi A, Nakayama R, Ghijsens E, De Feyter S, Tobe Y. Reversing the Handedness of Self‐Assembled Porous Molecular Networks through the Number of Identical Chiral Centres. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201902565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazukuni Tahara
- Division of Frontier Materials ScienceGraduate School of Engineering ScienceOsaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
- Department of Applied ChemistrySchool of Science and TechnologyMeiji University 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku Kawasaki 214-8571 Japan
| | - Aya Noguchi
- Division of Frontier Materials ScienceGraduate School of Engineering ScienceOsaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Ruri Nakayama
- Department of Applied ChemistrySchool of Science and TechnologyMeiji University 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku Kawasaki 214-8571 Japan
| | - Elke Ghijsens
- Division of Molecular Imaging and PhotonicsDepartment of ChemistryKU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Division of Molecular Imaging and PhotonicsDepartment of ChemistryKU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Yoshito Tobe
- Division of Frontier Materials ScienceGraduate School of Engineering ScienceOsaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial ResearchOsaka University Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047 Japan
- Department of Applied ChemistryNational Chiao Tung University 1001 Ta Hsueh Road Hsinchu 30030 Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Raimondo L, Trabattoni S, Sassella A. Control of post-growth processes for the selection of metallo-tetraphenylporphyrin nanowires. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:8482-8488. [PMID: 30957123 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp07747a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Controlling self-organization of small organic molecules in nanostructures with a desired shape and size is one of the main challenges in organic nanoelectronics. Here, a strategy for selectively growing uniaxially aligned nanowires of meso-tetraphenyl porphyrin-Zn(ii) (ZnTPP) is presented. ZnTPP is deposited on an organic single crystal, namely potassium hydrogen phthalate, by organic molecular beam epitaxy. The films typically display a rather rich surface morphology, characterized by the presence of nanowires and other nm-sized aggregates, most of them unstable over time. Post-growth processes occurring via quasi-Ostwald ripening both in air and in vacuum demonstrate an aging protocol in vacuum as a tool for the selection of ZnTPP nanowires, whose morphology and uniaxial orientation are demonstrated to be led by organic epitaxy. The ability of growing ZnTPP nanowires with a unique crystal structure and precise orientation gives the chance to observe the intrinsic optical anisotropy of the triclinic polymorph of ZnTPP crystal and establishes the role of intermolecular interactions, providing new perspectives in the study of the intrinsic physical properties of ZnTPP crystals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Raimondo
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano - Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, I-20125 Milano, Italy.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Cyclobutane-based peptides/terpyridine conjugates: Their use in metal catalysis and as functional organogelators. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.10.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
19
|
Nieckarz D, Rżysko W, Szabelski P. On-surface self-assembly of tetratopic molecular building blocks. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:23363-23377. [PMID: 30177976 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp03820a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembly of functional molecules on solid substrates has recently attracted special attention as a versatile method for the fabrication of low dimensional nanostructures with tailorable properties. In this contribution, using theoretical modeling, we demonstrate how the architecture of 2D molecular assemblies can be predicted based on the individual properties of elementary building blocks at play. To that end a model star-shaped tetratopic molecule is used and its self-assembly on a (111) surface is simulated using the lattice Monte Carlo method. Several test cases are studied in which the molecule bears terminal arm centers providing interactions with differently encoded directionality. Our theoretical results show that manipulation of the interaction directions can be an effective way to direct the self-assembly towards extended periodic superstructures (2D crystals) as well as to create assemblies characterized by a lower degree of order, including glassy overlayers and quasi one-dimensional molecular connections. The obtained structures are described and classified with respect to their main geometric parameters. A small library of the tetratopic molecules and the corresponding superstructures is provided to categorize the structure-property relationship in the modeled systems. The results of our simulations can be helpful to 2D crystal engineering and surface-confined polymerization techniques as they give hints on how to functionalize tetrapod organic building blocks which would be able to create superstructures with predefined spatial organization and range of order.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damian Nieckarz
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Maria-Curie Skłodowska University, Pl. M.C. Skłodowskiej 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Qian W, González-Campo A, Pérez-Rodríguez A, Rodríguez-Hermida S, Imaz I, Wurst K, Maspoch D, Ruiz E, Ocal C, Barrena E, Amabilino DB, Aliaga-Alcalde N. Boosting Self-Assembly Diversity in the Solid-State by Chiral/Non-Chiral Zn II -Porphyrin Crystallization. Chemistry 2018; 24:12950-12960. [PMID: 29893444 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A chiral ZnII porphyrin derivative 1 and its achiral analogue 2 were studied in the solid state. Considering the rich molecular recognition of designed metalloporphyrins 1 and 2 and their tendency to crystallize, they were recrystallized from two solvent mixtures (CH2 Cl2 /CH3 OH and CH2 Cl2 /hexane). As a result, four different crystalline arrangements (1 a,b and 2 a,b, from 0D to 2D) were obtained. Solid-state studies were performed on all the species to analyze the role played by chirality, solvent mixtures, and surfaces (mica and HOPG) in the supramolecular arrangements. By means of combinations of solvents and substrates a variety of microsized species was obtained, from vesicles to flower-shaped arrays, including geometrical microcrystals. Overall, the results emphasize the environmental susceptibility of metalloporphyrins and how this feature must be taken into account in their design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Qian
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus Universitari, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Arántzazu González-Campo
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus Universitari, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Ana Pérez-Rodríguez
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus Universitari, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Sabina Rodríguez-Hermida
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inhaz Imaz
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Klaus Wurst
- Institut für Allgemeine Anorganische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Innsbruck, Innrain 52a, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Daniel Maspoch
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.,ICREA (Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eliseo Ruiz
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, 08007, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Química Teórica i Computacional, de la Universitat de Barcelona (IQTCUB), 08007, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Ocal
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus Universitari, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Esther Barrena
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus Universitari, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - David B Amabilino
- School of Chemistry, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Núria Aliaga-Alcalde
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus Universitari, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.,ICREA (Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Calbo J. Supramolecular polymer chemistry meets computational chemistry: theoretical simulations on advanced self-assembling chiral materials. Supramol Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2018.1432860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Calbo
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, Paterna, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Occhiuto IG, Zagami R, Trapani M, Bolzonello L, Romeo A, Castriciano MA, Collini E, Monsù Scolaro L. The role of counter-anions in the kinetics and chirality of porphyrin J-aggregates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 52:11520-11523. [PMID: 27709218 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc05768c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Kinetics of the growth of TPPS4 porphyrin J-aggregates slow down in the order H2SO4 > HCl > HBr > HNO3 > HClO4, in agreement with the Hofmeister series. The rate constants and the extent of chirality correlate with the structure-making or breaking abilities of the different anions with respect to the hydrogen bonding network of the solvent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I G Occhiuto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ad Ambientali, and C.I.R.C.M.S.B., University of Messina, V.le F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, Vill. S. Agata, 98166 Messina, Italy. and Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, University of Padova, 35131, V. F. Marzolo 1 Padova, Italy
| | - R Zagami
- CNR-ISMN, Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ad Ambientali 98166, V.le F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, Messina, Italy.
| | - M Trapani
- CNR-ISMN, Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ad Ambientali 98166, V.le F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, Messina, Italy.
| | - L Bolzonello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, University of Padova, 35131, V. F. Marzolo 1 Padova, Italy
| | - A Romeo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ad Ambientali, and C.I.R.C.M.S.B., University of Messina, V.le F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, Vill. S. Agata, 98166 Messina, Italy. and CNR-ISMN, Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ad Ambientali 98166, V.le F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, Messina, Italy.
| | - M A Castriciano
- CNR-ISMN, Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ad Ambientali 98166, V.le F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, Messina, Italy.
| | - E Collini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, University of Padova, 35131, V. F. Marzolo 1 Padova, Italy
| | - L Monsù Scolaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ad Ambientali, and C.I.R.C.M.S.B., University of Messina, V.le F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, Vill. S. Agata, 98166 Messina, Italy. and CNR-ISMN, Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ad Ambientali 98166, V.le F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, Messina, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sanz-Matías A, Ivasenko O, Fang Y, De Feyter S, Tahara K, Tobe Y, Harvey JN. Computational insight into the origin of unexpected contrast in chiral markers as revealed by STM. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:1680-1694. [PMID: 29265120 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr07395j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Internal substituents can serve the double purpose of generating stereogenic centers and (potentially) being identifiable with Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) in 2D self-assembled molecular layers. We investigate computationally the origin of stark contrast variations in STM images of chirally substituted self-assembled organic films. STM images of alkyl derivatives with secondary -CH3 and -OH groups have been simulated. Density functional theory calculations reveal bias-dependent contrast reversals in the substituent regions: a lack of local density of states in the relevant energy regime results in 'dark spots' in the simulated STM images, which turn bright upon increasing the bias voltage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sanz-Matías
- Quantum Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, BE-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hifsudheen M, Mishra RK, Vedhanarayanan B, Praveen VK, Ajayaghosh A. The Helix to Super‐Helix Transition in the Self‐Assembly of π‐Systems: Superseding of Molecular Chirality at Hierarchical Level. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201707392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hifsudheen
- Photosciences and Photonics Section Chemical Science and Technology Division CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST) Thiruvananthapuram 695019 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NIIST Campus Thiruvananthapuram 695019 India
| | - Rakesh K. Mishra
- Photosciences and Photonics Section Chemical Science and Technology Division CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST) Thiruvananthapuram 695019 India
| | - Balaraman Vedhanarayanan
- Photosciences and Photonics Section Chemical Science and Technology Division CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST) Thiruvananthapuram 695019 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NIIST Campus Thiruvananthapuram 695019 India
| | - Vakayil K. Praveen
- Photosciences and Photonics Section Chemical Science and Technology Division CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST) Thiruvananthapuram 695019 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NIIST Campus Thiruvananthapuram 695019 India
| | - Ayyapanpillai Ajayaghosh
- Photosciences and Photonics Section Chemical Science and Technology Division CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST) Thiruvananthapuram 695019 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NIIST Campus Thiruvananthapuram 695019 India
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Hifsudheen M, Mishra RK, Vedhanarayanan B, Praveen VK, Ajayaghosh A. The Helix to Super-Helix Transition in the Self-Assembly of π-Systems: Superseding of Molecular Chirality at Hierarchical Level. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:12634-12638. [PMID: 28799691 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201707392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Higher-order super-helical structures derived from biological molecules are known to evolve through opposite coiling of the initial helical fibers, as seen in collagen protein. A similar phenomenon is observed in a π-system self-assembly of chiral oligo(phenyleneethylene) derivatives (S)-1 and (R)-1 that explains the unequal formation of both left- and right-handed helices from molecule having a specific chiral center. Concentration- and temperature-dependent circular dichroism (CD) and UV/Vis spectroscopic studies revealed that the initial formation of helical aggregates is in accordance with the molecular chirality. At the next level of hierarchical self-assembly, coiling of the fibers occurs with opposite handedness, thereby superseding the command of the molecular chirality. This was confirmed by solvent-dependent decoiling of super-helical structures and concentration-dependent morphological analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hifsudheen
- Photosciences and Photonics Section, Chemical Science and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NIIST Campus, Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, India
| | - Rakesh K Mishra
- Photosciences and Photonics Section, Chemical Science and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, India
| | - Balaraman Vedhanarayanan
- Photosciences and Photonics Section, Chemical Science and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NIIST Campus, Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, India
| | - Vakayil K Praveen
- Photosciences and Photonics Section, Chemical Science and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NIIST Campus, Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, India
| | - Ayyapanpillai Ajayaghosh
- Photosciences and Photonics Section, Chemical Science and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NIIST Campus, Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, India
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Buendía J, Calbo J, Ortí E, Sánchez L. Flexible Chirality in Self-Assembled N-Annulated Perylenedicarboxamides. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1603880. [PMID: 28388003 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201603880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
N-annulated perylenedicarboxamides 1-3 form supramolecular polymers with a strong tendency to aggregate. The bundles of fibers formed generate a spontaneous anisotropy that conditions the chiroptical features of the described molecules in solution; a strong linear dichroism effect accompanies the circular dichroism (CD) outcome. There is no influence of the point chirality existing at the side chains of 1 and 2, and these molecules present the same chiroptical features as achiral 3. Mechanical rotary stirring increases the CD response and the sign of the dichroic signal changes with the stirring direction. Theoretical calculations indicate that the self-assembly of 1-3 in helical columnar stacks generates atropisomers by the restricted rotation of the H-bonded benzamide units. Molecular mechanics/molecular dynamics calculations predict a feasible intrastack stereomutation of the helical aggregates due to the rapid rupture/formation of the amide H-bonds. This oscillating helicity, together with the fact that right- and left-handed helices are predicted to be mostly isoenergetic, justifies the negligible contribution of the molecular chirality embedded in the paraffinic side chains of 1 and 2. The reported CD behavior contributes to shed light on the physical processes promoting flexible macroscopic chirality that, in turn, can be utilized for the spectroscopic visualization of torsional flows generated in a vortex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Buendía
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Calbo
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - Enrique Ortí
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - Luis Sánchez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
van der Weegen R, Teunissen AJP, Meijer EW. Directing the Self-Assembly Behaviour of Porphyrin-Based Supramolecular Systems. Chemistry 2017; 23:3773-3783. [PMID: 28111823 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The self-assembly behaviour of a library of tetra-amidated porphyrin molecules decorated with a variety of solubilizing wedges is investigated as dilute solutions in methylcyclohexane. Small changes in the solubilising wedge of the porphyrins resulted in different aggregated states, as evidenced by CD and UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy. The porphyrins form co-facially stacked H-aggregates, slip-stacked J-aggregates or a mixture of both. Detailed thermodynamic and kinetic analysis showed that in all cases the formation of J-aggregates proceeds via an isodesmic mechanism whereas H-aggregates are formed via a cooperative mechanism. It is shown that these aggregates assemble in a parallel pathway, in which both compete for the monomer, compared to a sequential pathway, in which one of the aggregates interconverts into the other. Interestingly, kinetic analysis of porphyrins that only form H-aggregates in thermodynamic equilibrium revealed that the competing pathway towards J-aggregates is operational in these systems as well. Our findings show that the balance between H- and J-aggregates depends on remarkably small changes in the architecture of the solubilising wedges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rob van der Weegen
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Abraham J P Teunissen
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - E W Meijer
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Li SY, Chen T, Wang L, Wang D, Wan LJ. Turning off the majority-rules effect in two-dimensional hierarchical chiral assembly by introducing a chiral mismatch. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:17861-17868. [PMID: 27714125 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr06341a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanism in chiral transmission from a single molecule to a supramolecular level is fundamentally important to decipher the nonlinear amplification effect in the two-dimensional (2D) chiral assembly process. In this contribution, we report on the dramatically different nonlinear amplification effect in the chiral co-adsorber induced homochiral assemblies constructed by a series of homologous achiral building blocks on the graphite surface under control of the majority-rules principle. Homologous hexagonal networks are formed for 5-(benzyloxy)-isophthalic acid (BIC) derivatives with different alkyl lengths. While globally homochiral monolayers of BIC-C6 or BIC-C16 can be obtained by using a mixture of chiral co-adsorber 2-octanol with a small enantiomeric excess, such majority-rules principle based nonlinear chiral amplification is inoperative for the assembly of BIC-C10. Molecular mechanistic analysis indicates that BIC-C10 assembly can accommodate a chiral mismatched motif to form long-range ordered but short-range disordered crystalline networks, leading to the co-adsorption of enantiomers without enantioselectivity. The present results shed important insights into the significance of chirality mismatch during chiral transmission and benefit the understanding of chiral communication in a surface monolayer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P.R. China and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China.
| | - Ting Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P.R. China and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China.
| | - Dong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Li-Jun Wan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Charalambidis G, Georgilis E, Panda MK, Anson CE, Powell AK, Doyle S, Moss D, Jochum T, Horton PN, Coles SJ, Linares M, Beljonne D, Naubron JV, Conradt J, Kalt H, Mitraki A, Coutsolelos AG, Balaban TS. A switchable self-assembling and disassembling chiral system based on a porphyrin-substituted phenylalanine-phenylalanine motif. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12657. [PMID: 27582363 PMCID: PMC5025786 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial light-harvesting systems have until now not been able to self-assemble into structures with a large photon capture cross-section that upon a stimulus reversibly can switch into an inactive state. Here we describe a simple and robust FLFL-dipeptide construct to which a meso-tetraphenylporphyrin has been appended and which self-assembles to fibrils, platelets or nanospheres depending on the solvent composition. The fibrils, functioning as quenched antennas, give intense excitonic couplets in the electronic circular dichroism spectra which are mirror imaged if the unnatural FDFD-analogue is used. By slightly increasing the solvent polarity, these light-harvesting fibres disassemble to spherical structures with silent electronic circular dichroism spectra but which fluoresce. Upon further dilution with the nonpolar solvent, the intense Cotton effects are recovered, thus proving a reversible switching. A single crystal X-ray structure shows a head-to-head arrangement of porphyrins that explains both their excitonic coupling and quenched fluorescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Charalambidis
- Department of Chemistry, Bioinorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, Heraklion, 70013 Crete, Greece
| | - Evangelos Georgilis
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, Heraklion, 70013 Crete, Greece
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (I.E.S.L.) Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FO.R.T.H.) Vassilika Vouton, Heraklion, 70013 Crete, Greece
| | - Manas K. Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Bioinorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, Heraklion, 70013 Crete, Greece
| | - Christopher E. Anson
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Engesserstrasse 15, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Annie K. Powell
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Engesserstrasse 15, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nanotechnology (INT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Stephen Doyle
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Synchrotron Radiation and ANKA, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - David Moss
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Synchrotron Radiation and ANKA, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Tobias Jochum
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Synchrotron Radiation and ANKA, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Peter N. Horton
- School of Chemistry, EPSRC National Crystallography Service, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Simon J. Coles
- School of Chemistry, EPSRC National Crystallography Service, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Mathieu Linares
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
- Swedish e-Science Research Centre (SeRC), Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - David Beljonne
- Département de Chimie, Chimie des Matériaux Nouveaux and Centre d'Innovation et de Recherche en Matériaux Polymères, Université de Mons—UMONS/Materia Nova, Place du Parc, 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Jean-Valère Naubron
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS FR 1739, Spectropole, Avenue Escadrille Normandie Niemen, F-13397 Marseille, France
| | - Jonas Conradt
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Applied Physics and Center for Functional Nanostructures (CFN), D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Heinz Kalt
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Applied Physics and Center for Functional Nanostructures (CFN), D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Anna Mitraki
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, Heraklion, 70013 Crete, Greece
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (I.E.S.L.) Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FO.R.T.H.) Vassilika Vouton, Heraklion, 70013 Crete, Greece
| | - Athanassios G. Coutsolelos
- Department of Chemistry, Bioinorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, Heraklion, 70013 Crete, Greece
| | - Teodor Silviu Balaban
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille (iSm2), UMR 7313, Chirosciences, Avenue Escadrille Normandie Niemen, Service 442, F-13397 Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Buendía J, Calbo J, García F, Aragó J, Viruela PM, Ortí E, Sánchez L. Helical supramolecular polymerization of C3-symmetric amides and retroamides: on the origin of cooperativity and handedness. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:6907-10. [PMID: 27142262 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc02681h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The cooperative supramolecular polymerization of 1 and 2 yields P- or M-type helical aggregates depending on the absolute configuration (S or R) of the stereogenic centres attached to the side chains. The connectivity of the amide group does not affect the handedness of the helical aggregates, but determines a larger cooperativity for retroamides 1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Buendía
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Oliveras-González C, Di Meo F, González-Campo A, Beljonne D, Norman P, Simón-Sorbed M, Linares M, Amabilino DB. Bottom-Up Hierarchical Self-Assembly of Chiral Porphyrins through Coordination and Hydrogen Bonds. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:15795-808. [PMID: 26595320 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b08081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A series of chiral synthetic compounds is reported that shows intricate but specific hierarchical assembly because of varying positions of coordination and hydrogen bonds. The evolution of the aggregates (followed by absorption spectroscopy and temperature-dependent circular dichroism studies in solution) reveal the influence of the proportion of stereogenic centers in the side groups connected to the chromophore ring in their optical activity and the important role of pyridyl groups in the self-assembly of these chiral macrocycles. The optical activity spans 2 orders of magnitude depending on composition and constitution. Two of the aggregates show very high optical activity even though the isolated chromophores barely give a circular dichroism signal. Molecular modeling of the aggregates, starting from the pyridine-zinc(II) porphyrin interaction and working up, and calculation of the circular dichroism signal confirm the origin of this optical activity as the chiral supramolecular organization of the molecules. The aggregates show a broad absorption range, between approximately 390 and 475 nm for the transitions associated with the Soret region alone, that spans wavelengths far more than the isolated chromophore. The supramolecular assemblies of the metalloporphyrins in solution were deposited onto highly oriented pyrolitic graphite in order to study their hierarchy in assembly by atomic force microscopy. Zero and one-dimensional aggregates were observed, and a clear dependence on deposition temperature was shown, indicating that the hierarchical assembly took place largely in solution. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy images of porphyrins and metalloporphyrins precipitated under out-of-equilibrium conditions showed the dependence of the number and position of chiral amide groups in the formation of a fibrillar nanomaterial. The combination of coordination and hydrogen bonding in the complicated assembly of these molecules-where there is a clear hierarchy for zinc(II)-pyridyl interaction followed by hydrogen-bonding between amide groups, and then van der Waals interactions-paves the way for the preparation of molecular materials with multiple chromophore environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Oliveras-González
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus Universitari de Bellaterra , 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Florent Di Meo
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University , SE-58 583 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Arántzazu González-Campo
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus Universitari de Bellaterra , 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - David Beljonne
- Laboratory of Chemistry for Novel Materials, Mons University , Place du Parc, Mons B-9000, Belgium
| | - Patrick Norman
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University , SE-58 583 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Maite Simón-Sorbed
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus Universitari de Bellaterra , 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Mathieu Linares
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University , SE-58 583 Linköping, Sweden
| | - David B Amabilino
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus Universitari de Bellaterra , 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain.,School of Chemistry, The University of Nottingham , University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Buendı́a J, Greciano EE, Sánchez L. Influence of Axial and Point Chirality in the Chiral Self-Assembly of Twin N-Annulated Perylenecarboxamides. J Org Chem 2015; 80:12444-52. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b02309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Buendı́a
- Departamento de Quı́mica
Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Quı́micas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisa E. Greciano
- Departamento de Quı́mica
Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Quı́micas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Sánchez
- Departamento de Quı́mica
Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Quı́micas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Sato H, Yajima T, Yamagishi A. Chiroptical Studies on Supramolecular Chirality of Molecular Aggregates. Chirality 2015; 27:659-66. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hisako Sato
- Graduated of Science and Engineering; Ehime University; Matsuyama Japan
| | - Tomoko Yajima
- Department of Chemistry; Ochanomizu University; Tokyo Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Penon O, Patiño T, Barrios L, Nogués C, Amabilino DB, Wurst K, Pérez-García L. A new porphyrin for the preparation of functionalized water-soluble gold nanoparticles with low intrinsic toxicity. ChemistryOpen 2015; 4:127-36. [PMID: 25969810 PMCID: PMC4420584 DOI: 10.1002/open.201402092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A potential new photosensitizer based on a dissymmetric porphyrin derivative bearing a thiol group was synthesized. 5-[4-(11-Mercaptoundecyloxy)-phenyl-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin (PR-SH) was used to functionalize gold nanoparticles in order to obtain a potential drug delivery system. Water-soluble multifunctional gold nanoparticles GNP-PR/PEG were prepared using the Brust-Schiffrin methodology, by immobilization of both a thiolated polyethylene glycol (PEG) and the porphyrin thiol compound (PR-SH). The nanoparticles were fully characterized by transmission electron microscopy and (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Furthermore, the ability of GNP-PR/PEGs to induce singlet oxygen production was analyzed to demonstrate the activity of the photosensitizer. Cytotoxicity experiments showed the nanoparticles are nontoxic. Finally, cellular uptake experiments demonstrated that the functionalized gold nanoparticles are internalized. Therefore, this colloid can be considered to be a novel nanosystem that could potentially be suitable as an intracellular drug delivery system of photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Penon
- Departament de Farmacologia i Química Terapèutica, and Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia UB (IN2UB), Universitat de BarcelonaAvda. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028, Barcelona, (Spain)
| | - Tania Patiño
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaCampus de la UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Lleonard Barrios
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaCampus de la UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Carme Nogués
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaCampus de la UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - David B Amabilino
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB08193, Bellaterra, (Spain)
| | - Klaus Wurst
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieInnrain 80/82, 6020, Innsbruck, (Austria)
| | - Lluïsa Pérez-García
- Departament de Farmacologia i Química Terapèutica, and Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia UB (IN2UB), Universitat de BarcelonaAvda. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028, Barcelona, (Spain)
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kasperski A, Szabelski P. Theoretical Modeling of Surface Confined Chiral Nanoporous Networks: Cruciform Molecules as Versatile Building Blocks. Chirality 2015; 27:397-404. [PMID: 25728050 DOI: 10.1002/chir.22437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Patterning of solid surfaces with functional organic molecules has been a convenient route to fabricate two-dimensional materials with programmed architecture and activities. One example is the chiral nanoporous networks that can be created via controlled self-assembly of star-shaped molecules under 2D confinement. In this contribution we use computer modeling to predict the formation of molecular networks in adsorbed overlayers comprising cruciform molecular building blocks equipped with discrete interaction centers. To that end, we employ the Monte Carlo simulation method combined with a coarse-grained representation of the adsorbed molecules which are treated as collections of interconnected segments. The interaction centers within the molecules are represented by active segments whose number and distribution are adjusted. Our particular focus is on those distributions that produce prochiral molecules able to occur in adsorbed configurations being mirror images of each other (surface enantiomers). We demonstrate that, depending on size, aspect ratio, and intramolecular distribution of active sites, the surface enantiomers can co-crystallize or segregate into extended homochiral domains with largely diversified nanosized cavities. The insights from our theoretical studies can be helpful in designing 2D chiral porous networks with potential applications in enantioselective adsorption and asymmetric heterogeneous catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Kasperski
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Maria-Curie Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Paweł Szabelski
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Maria-Curie Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Wang Y, Frasconi M, Liu WG, Liu Z, Sarjeant AA, Nassar MS, Botros YY, Goddard WA, Stoddart JF. Folding of Oligoviologens Induced by Radical–Radical Interactions. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:876-85. [DOI: 10.1021/ja5111305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Marco Frasconi
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Wei-Guang Liu
- Materials
and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Zhichang Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Amy A. Sarjeant
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Majed S. Nassar
- Joint
Center of Excellence in Integrated Nano-Systems (JCIN), King Abdul-Aziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Youssry Y. Botros
- Joint
Center of Excellence in Integrated Nano-Systems (JCIN), King Abdul-Aziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
- University
Research Office, Intel Corporation, Building RNB-6-61, 2200 Mission
College Boulevard, Santa Clara, California 95054, United States
| | - William A. Goddard
- Materials
and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - J. Fraser Stoddart
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Urbani M, Torres T. Tautomerism and Atropisomerism in Free-Base (meso)-Strapped Porphyrins: Static and Dynamic Aspects. Chemistry 2014; 20:16337-49. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
38
|
Lorecchio C, Venanzi M, Mazzuca C, Lettieri R, Palleschi A, Nguyen Thi TH, Cardová L, Drasar P, Monti D. Tuning the chiroptical and morphological properties of steroidal-porphyrin aggregates: a mechanistic, structural, and MM investigation. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:3956-3963. [PMID: 24805210 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00134f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The aggregation of a steroid-functionalised porphyrin derivative occurs with the formation of J-type chiral species. Spectroscopic and SEM studies indicate that the initial concentration of the macrocycle strongly influences the morphology of the final mesoscopic structures, as a consequence of a change in the mechanistic course of the self-assembly process. Fibrillar structures are obtained at low porphyrin concentration, whereas aggregates of globular shapes are formed on increasing the substrate concentration. Molecular mechanics investigations gave insights into the intimate nature of the driving forces that govern the self-assembly process, pointing out the importance of ring distortion, of intramolecular steroidal OH-π hydrogen bonds, as well as dispersion forces among the tetrapyrrolic platforms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Lorecchio
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - Mariano Venanzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - Claudia Mazzuca
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - Raffaella Lettieri
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - Antonio Palleschi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - Thu Huong Nguyen Thi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Purkynje University, Ústí nad Labem, Ceské mládeze 8, 400 96, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Cardová
- Department of Natural Compounds Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Drasar
- Department of Natural Compounds Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Donato Monti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Babu SS, Praveen VK, Kartha KK, Mahesh S, Ajayaghosh A. Effect of the Bulkiness of the End Functional Amide Groups on the Optical, Gelation, and Morphological Properties of Oligo(p-phenylenevinylene) π-Gelators. Chem Asian J 2014; 9:1830-40. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201402235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
40
|
|
41
|
Edwards W, Smith DK. Enantioselective Component Selection in Multicomponent Supramolecular Gels. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:1116-24. [DOI: 10.1021/ja411724r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William Edwards
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10
5DD, U.K
| | - David K. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10
5DD, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Babu SS, Praveen VK, Ajayaghosh A. Functional π-gelators and their applications. Chem Rev 2014; 114:1973-2129. [PMID: 24400783 DOI: 10.1021/cr400195e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1220] [Impact Index Per Article: 122.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sukumaran Santhosh Babu
- Photosciences and Photonics Group, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST) , Trivandrum 695019, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Wang Y, Lin HX, Chen L, Ding SY, Lei ZC, Liu DY, Cao XY, Liang HJ, Jiang YB, Tian ZQ. What molecular assembly can learn from catalytic chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:399-411. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60212e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
44
|
Aparicio F, Nieto-Ortega B, Nájera F, Ramírez FJ, López Navarrete JT, Casado J, Sánchez L. Inversion of Supramolecular Helicity in Oligo-p-phenylene-Based Supramolecular Polymers: Influence of Molecular Atropisomerism. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 53:1373-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201309172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
45
|
Aparicio F, Nieto-Ortega B, Nájera F, Ramírez FJ, López Navarrete JT, Casado J, Sánchez L. Inversion of Supramolecular Helicity in Oligo-p-phenylene-Based Supramolecular Polymers: Influence of Molecular Atropisomerism. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201309172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
46
|
Afrasiabi R, Kraatz HB. Small-Peptide-Based Organogel Kit: Towards the Development of Multicomponent Self-Sorting Organogels. Chemistry 2013; 19:15862-71. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201303116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
47
|
Guo Z, De Cat I, Van Averbeke B, Ghijsens E, Lin J, Xu H, Wang G, Hoeben FJM, Tomović Ž, Lazzaroni R, Beljonne D, Meijer EW, Schenning APHJ, De Feyter S. Surface-Induced Diastereomeric Complex Formation of a Nucleoside at the Liquid/Solid Interface: Stereoselective Recognition and Preferential Adsorption. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:9811-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja402914m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zongxia Guo
- Division of Molecular Imaging
and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 FB-3001, Leuven, Belgium
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy
and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Road, 266101, Qingdao, People’s Republic of
China
| | - Inge De Cat
- Division of Molecular Imaging
and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 FB-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bernard Van Averbeke
- Service de Chimie des Materiaux
Nouveaux, Université de Mons-UMONS, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Elke Ghijsens
- Division of Molecular Imaging
and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 FB-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jianbin Lin
- Laboratory of Macromolecular
and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Hong Xu
- Division of Molecular Imaging
and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 FB-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guojie Wang
- Division of Molecular Imaging
and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 FB-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Freek J. M. Hoeben
- Laboratory of Macromolecular
and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Željko Tomović
- Laboratory of Macromolecular
and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Roberto Lazzaroni
- Service de Chimie des Materiaux
Nouveaux, Université de Mons-UMONS, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - David Beljonne
- Service de Chimie des Materiaux
Nouveaux, Université de Mons-UMONS, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - E. W. Meijer
- Laboratory of Macromolecular
and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Albertus P. H. J. Schenning
- Laboratory of Macromolecular
and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Division of Molecular Imaging
and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 FB-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Detection of different oxidation states of individual manganese porphyrins during their reaction with oxygen at a solid/liquid interface. Nat Chem 2013; 5:621-7. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.1667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
49
|
Celis S, Nolis P, Illa O, Branchadell V, Ortuño RM. Low-molecular-weight gelators consisting of hybrid cyclobutane-based peptides. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:2839-46. [PMID: 23493972 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob27347d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Some hybrid tetrapeptides consisting of (1R,2S)-2-aminocyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid and glycine, β-alanine, or γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) joined in alternation, compounds 1-3, respectively, have been investigated to gain information on the non-covalent interactions responsible for their self-assembly to form ordered aggregates, as well as on parameters such as their morphology and size. All three peptides formed nice gels in many organic solvents and significant difference in their behaviour was not observed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and circular dichroism (CD) pointed out that peptide 1, which contains the shortest C2 linear residue, presented the most defined fibril network and afforded nanoscale helical aggregates. Tetrapeptide 3, with C4 linear residues in its structure, also showed bundles of fibres whereas a homogeneous spherulitic network was observed for tetrapeptide 2, with a C3 spacer between cyclobutane residues. Computational calculations for 1 allowed us to model the self-assembly of the molecules and suggested a head-to-head arrangement to give helical structures corresponding to hydrogen-bonded single chains. These features were corroborated by a high-resolution NMR spectroscopy study of the dynamics of the gelation process in toluene-d8 which evidenced that molecules self-assemble to afford ordered aggregates with a supramolecular chirality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Celis
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Hirose T, Matsuda K. Photoswitching of chiral supramolecular environments and photoinduced lower critical solution temperature transitions in aqueous media following a supramolecular approach. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:873-80. [PMID: 23292248 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob27049h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Photochromic diarylethene is a promising candidate not only for optical memory and switching units in molecular devices, but also as a photoresponsive building block that can regulate supramolecular architectures because of its characteristic changes in the flexibility of the framework and delocalization of π-electrons, along with its photoisomerization ability. Amphiphilic photochromic compounds with oligo-(ethylene glycol) side chains show good solubility in water, and self-assemble into nanostructures in aqueous media. Asymmetric introduction of a methyl group can induce a helical preference in the supramolecular structure, and the photoswitching behaviour of supramolecular chirality was defined by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The effective position of an asymmetric group to induce supramolecular chirality is also discussed. In addition, the self-assemblies of diarylethene derivatives in water show photoresponsive lowest critical solution temperature (LCST). The open- and closed-ring isomers show LCST transitions at different temperatures. In particular, the difference in LCST becomes prominent when amide groups are introduced at the root of hydrophilic side chains. This is attributed to intermolecular hydrogen bonds formed by the amide groups in the hydrophobic region of the supramolecular structure in water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Hirose
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|