1
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Tsitopoulou M, Clemenceau A, Thesmar P, Baudoin O. 1,4-Pd Migration-Enabled Synthesis of Fused 4-Membered Rings. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:18811-18816. [PMID: 38968581 PMCID: PMC11258686 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
1,4-Palladium migration has been widely used for the functionalization of remote C-H bonds. However, this mechanism has been limited to aryl halide precursors. This work reports an unprecedented Pd0-catalyzed cyclobutanation protocol producing valuable fused cyclobutanes starting from cycloalkenyl (pseudo)halides. This reaction takes place via alkenyl-to-alkyl 1,4-Pd migration, followed by intramolecular Heck coupling. The method performs best with cyclohexenyl precursors, giving access to a variety of substituted bicyclo[4,2,0]octenes. Reactants containing an N-methyl or methoxy group give rise to fused azetidines or oxetanes, respectively, via the same mechanism. Kinetic and deuterium-labeling studies point to a rate-limiting C(sp3)-H activation step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tsitopoulou
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Antonin Clemenceau
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Thesmar
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Baudoin
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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2
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Fogos WF, Lessa MD, de Carvalho da Silva F, de Carneiro JWM. Mechanistic insights into C(sp 2)-H activation in 1-Phenyl-4-vinyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole derivatives: a theoretical study with palladium acetate catalyst. J Mol Model 2024; 30:183. [PMID: 38782773 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-024-05987-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT The activation of C-H bonds is a fundamental process in synthetic organic chemistry, which enables their replacement by highly reactive functional groups. Coordination compounds serve as effective catalysts for this purpose, as they facilitate chemical transformations by interacting with C-H bonds. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of activation of this type of bond lays the foundation for the development of efficient protocols for cross-coupling reactions. We explored the activation of C(sp2)-H bonds in 1-Phenyl-4-vinyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole derivatives with CH3, OCH3, and NO2 substituents in the para position of the phenyl ring, using palladium acetate as catalyst. The studied reaction is the first step for subsequent conjugation of the triazoles with naphthoquinones in a Heck-type reaction to create a C-C bond. The basic nitrogen atoms of the 1,2,3-triazole coordinate preferentially with the cationic palladium center to form an activated species. A concerted proton transfer from the terminal vinyl carbon to one of the acetate ligands with low activation energy is the main step for the C(sp2)-H activation. This study offers significant mechanistic insights for enhancing the effectiveness of C(sp2)-H activation protocols in organic synthesis. METHODS All calculations were performed using the Gaussian 09 software package and density functional theory (DFT). The structures of all reaction path components were fully optimized using the CAM-B3LYP functional with the Def2-SVP basis set. The optimized geometries were analyzed by computing the second-order Hessian matrix to confirm that the corresponding minimum or transition state was located. To account for solvent effects, the Polarizable Continuum Model of the Integral Equation Formalism (IEFPCM) with water as the solvent was used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wagner F Fogos
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil.
| | - Milena D Lessa
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Fernando de Carvalho da Silva
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Fluminense Federal University, Outeiro de São João Batista-, Niterói, RJ, 24020-141, Brazil
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3
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Wheatley M, Zuccarello M, Tsitopoulou M, Macgregor SA, Baudoin O. Effect of α-Substitution on the Reactivity of C(sp 3)-H Bonds in Pd 0-Catalyzed C-H Arylation. ACS Catal 2023; 13:12563-12570. [PMID: 37822862 PMCID: PMC10563019 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c03806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
We report mechanistic studies on the reactivity of different α-substituted C(sp3)-H bonds, -CHnR (R = H, Me, CO2Me, CONMe2, OMe, and Ph, as well as the cyclopropyl and isopropyl derivatives -CH(CH2)2 and -CHMe2) in the context of Pd0-catalyzed C(sp3)-H arylation. Primary kinetic isotope effects, kH/kD, were determined experimentally for R = H (3.2) and Me (3.5), and these, along with the determination of reaction orders and computational studies, indicate rate-limiting C-H activation for all substituents except when R = CO2Me. This last result was confirmed experimentally (kH/kD ∼ 1). A reactivity scale for C(sp3)-H activation was then determined: CH2CO2Me > CH(CH2)2 ≥ CH2CONMe2 > CH3 ≫ CH2Ph > CH2Me > CH2OMe ≫ CHMe2. C-H activation involves AMLA/CMD transition states featuring intramolecular O → H-C H-bonding assisted by C-H → Pd agostic bonding. The "AMLA coefficient", χ, is introduced to quantify the energies associated with these interactions via natural bond orbital 2nd order perturbation theory analysis. Higher barriers correlate with lower χ values, which in turn signal a greater agostic interaction in the transition state. We believe that this reactivity scale and the underlying factors that determine this will be of use for future studies in transition-metal-catalyzed C(sp3)-H activation proceeding via the AMLA/CMD mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Wheatley
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marco Zuccarello
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maria Tsitopoulou
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stuart A. Macgregor
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K.
| | - Olivier Baudoin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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4
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Piszel PE, Orzolek BJ, Olszewski AK, Rotella ME, Spiewak AM, Kozlowski MC, Weix DJ. Protodemetalation of (Bipyridyl)Ni(II)-Aryl Complexes Shows Evidence for Five-, Six-, and Seven-Membered Cyclic Pathways. J Am Chem Soc 2023:10.1021/jacs.3c00618. [PMID: 37026854 PMCID: PMC10558627 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Protonation of C-M bonds and its microscopic reverse, metalation of C-H bonds, are fundamental steps in a variety of metal-catalyzed processes. As such, studies on protonation of C-M bonds can shed light on C-H activation. We present here studies on the rate of protodemetalation (PDM) of a suite of arylnickel(II) complexes with various acids that provide evidence for a concerted, cyclic transition state for the PDM of C-Ni bonds and demonstrate that five-, six-, and seven-membered transition states are particularly favorable. Our data show that while the rate of protodemetalation of arylnickel(II) complexes scales with acidity for many acids, several are faster than predicted by pKa. For example, while acetic acid and acetohydroxamic acid are much less acidic than HCl, they both protodemetalate arylnickel(II) complexes significantly faster than HCl. Our data also show how in the case of acetohydroxamic acid, a seven-membered cyclic transition state (CH3C(O)NHOH) can be more favorable than a six-membered transition state (CH3C(O)NHOH). Similarly, five-membered transition states, such as for pyrazole, are highly favorable as well. Comparison of transition state polarization (from density functional theory) compares these new nickel transition states to better-studied precious-metal systems and demonstrates how the base can change the polarization of the transition state giving rise to opposing electronic preferences. Collectively, these studies suggest several new avenues for study in C-H activation as well as approaches to accelerate or slow protodemetalation in nickel catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige E. Piszel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Brandon J. Orzolek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Alyssa K. Olszewski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Madeline E. Rotella
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Amanda M. Spiewak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Marisa C. Kozlowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Daniel J. Weix
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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5
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Garlets ZJ, Yuill EM, Yang A, Ye Q, Ding W, Wood C, Fan J, Cuniere NL, Sfouggatakis C. Tracking the Isotopologues: Process Improvement for the Synthesis of a Deuterated Pyrazole. Org Process Res Dev 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J. Garlets
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Elizabeth M. Yuill
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Alice Yang
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Qingmei Ye
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Wei Ding
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Christopher Wood
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Junying Fan
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Nicolas Lucien Cuniere
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Chris Sfouggatakis
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
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6
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Yan J, Ding Y, Huang H. Palladium-Catalyzed Chemodivergent Carbonylation of ortho-Bromoarylimine to Biisoindolinones and Spiroisoindolinones. J Org Chem 2022; 88:5194-5204. [PMID: 36332180 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We herein report a palladium-catalyzed carbonylative cyclization reaction of ortho-bromoarylimines that allows for the chemodivergent synthesis of functionalized biisoindolinones and spirocyclic isoindolinones. Either product could be selectively obtained by switching the reaction temperatures and ligands, and the biisoindolinone products could be afforded facilely with catalyst loadings as low as 0.05 mol %. Further transformation of the biisoindolinone product is also described, which represents a novel and concise approach to the biisoindoline diamine ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Yan
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yongzheng Ding
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Hanmin Huang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
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7
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Nanda T, Banjare SK, Kong WY, Guo W, Biswal P, Gupta L, Linda A, Pati BV, Mohanty SR, Tantillo DJ, Ravikumar PC. Breaking the Monotony: Cobalt and Maleimide as an Entrant to the Olefin-Mediated Ortho C–H Functionalization. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanmayee Nanda
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Shyam Kumar Banjare
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Wang-Yeuk Kong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California−Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Wentao Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California−Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Pragati Biswal
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Lokesh Gupta
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Astha Linda
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Bedadyuti Vedvyas Pati
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Smruti Ranjan Mohanty
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Dean J. Tantillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California−Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Ponneri C. Ravikumar
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
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8
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Muvvala S, Kumari K, Miriyala V, Mogili P, Chidara S, Maddirala SJ, Saxena A, Behera M. Microwave‐Assisted Reductive Amination of 2‐Carboxybenzaldehydes with Amines for the Synthesis of N‐Substituted Isoindolin‐1‐one. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subhashini Muvvala
- Chemistry services, Aragen Life Sciences, Survey Nos:125 (part) & 126, IDA Mallapur Hyderabad 500076 Telangana State India
- Department of Engineering Chemistry Andhra University Visakhapatnam Andhra Pradesh 530003 India
| | - Krishnaiah Kumari
- Chemistry services, Aragen Life Sciences, Survey Nos:125 (part) & 126, IDA Mallapur Hyderabad 500076 Telangana State India
| | - Venkatesh Miriyala
- Chemistry services, Aragen Life Sciences, Survey Nos:125 (part) & 126, IDA Mallapur Hyderabad 500076 Telangana State India
| | - Padma Mogili
- Department of Engineering Chemistry Andhra University Visakhapatnam Andhra Pradesh 530003 India
| | - Sridhar Chidara
- Chemistry services, Aragen Life Sciences, Survey Nos:125 (part) & 126, IDA Mallapur Hyderabad 500076 Telangana State India
| | - Shambabu Joseph Maddirala
- Chemistry services, Aragen Life Sciences, Survey Nos:125 (part) & 126, IDA Mallapur Hyderabad 500076 Telangana State India
| | - Abhishek Saxena
- Chemistry services, Aragen Life Sciences, Survey Nos:125 (part) & 126, IDA Mallapur Hyderabad 500076 Telangana State India
| | - Manoranjan Behera
- Chemistry services, Aragen Life Sciences, Survey Nos:125 (part) & 126, IDA Mallapur Hyderabad 500076 Telangana State India
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9
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Hansen T, Sun X, Dalla Tiezza M, van Zeist W, van Stralen JNP, Geerke DP, Wolters LP, Poater J, Hamlin TA, Bickelhaupt FM. C−X Bond Activation by Palladium: Steric Shielding versus Steric Attraction. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201093. [PMID: 35420229 PMCID: PMC9401605 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The C−X bond activation (X = H, C) of a series of substituted C(n°)−H and C(n°)−C(m°) bonds with C(n°) and C(m°) = H3C− (methyl, 0°), CH3H2C− (primary, 1°), (CH3)2HC− (secondary, 2°), (CH3)3C− (tertiary, 3°) by palladium were investigated using relativistic dispersion‐corrected density functional theory at ZORA‐BLYP‐D3(BJ)/TZ2P. The effect of the stepwise introduction of substituents was pinpointed at the C−X bond on the bond activation process. The C(n°)−X bonds become substantially weaker going from C(0°)−X, to C(1°)−X, to C(2°)−X, to C(3°)−X because of the increasing steric repulsion between the C(n°)‐ and X‐group. Interestingly, this often does not lead to a lower barrier for the C(n°)−X bond activation. The C−H activation barrier, for example, decreases from C(0°)−X, to C(1°)−X, to C(2°)−X and then increases again for the very crowded C(3°)−X bond. For the more congested C−C bond, in contrast, the activation barrier always increases as the degree of substitution is increased. Our activation strain and matching energy decomposition analyses reveal that these differences in C−H and C−C bond activation can be traced back to the opposing interplay between steric repulsion across the C−X bond versus that between the catalyst and substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hansen
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS) Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM) Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam De Boelelaan 1083 1081 HV Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry Leiden University Einsteinweg 55 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
- Departament de Química Inorgànicai i Orgànica & IQTCUB Universitat de Barcelona Martí i Franquès 1-11 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS) Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM) Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam De Boelelaan 1083 1081 HV Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Departament de Química Inorgànicai i Orgànica & IQTCUB Universitat de Barcelona Martí i Franquès 1-11 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Marco Dalla Tiezza
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS) Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM) Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam De Boelelaan 1083 1081 HV Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Willem‐Jan van Zeist
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS) Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM) Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam De Boelelaan 1083 1081 HV Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Joost N. P. van Stralen
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS) Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM) Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam De Boelelaan 1083 1081 HV Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Daan P. Geerke
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS) Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM) Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam De Boelelaan 1083 1081 HV Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Lando P. Wolters
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS) Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM) Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam De Boelelaan 1083 1081 HV Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Jordi Poater
- Departament de Química Inorgànicai i Orgànica & IQTCUB Universitat de Barcelona Martí i Franquès 1-11 08028 Barcelona Spain
- ICREA Passeig Lluís Companys 23 08010 Barcelona Spain
| | - Trevor A. Hamlin
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS) Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM) Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam De Boelelaan 1083 1081 HV Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - F. Matthias Bickelhaupt
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS) Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM) Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam De Boelelaan 1083 1081 HV Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Institute for Molecules and Materials (IMM) Radboud University Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
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10
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Rani N, Mazumder S. Why Does an Inert C4–H Bond in Indolyl Aldehyde Get Activated Unexpectedly by a Rh(III) Catalyst over a More Reactive C2–H Bond while the Opposite Is True for Acetophenone? Guidelines for Inverting Regioselectivity. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neha Rani
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, Jammu 181221, India
| | - Shivnath Mazumder
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, Jammu 181221, India
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11
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Saint-Jacques K, Ladd CL, Charette AB. Access to hexahydroazepinone heterocycles via palladium-catalysed C(sp 3)-H alkenylation/ring-opening of cyclopropanes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:7550-7553. [PMID: 35707937 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01917e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this communication, we describe the synthesis of novel hexahydroazepinone derivatives starting from two simple building blocks in presence of a readily available palladium catalyst. The reaction proceeds through a selective C(sp3)-H alkenylation/ring-opening process to obtain the seven-membered ring products in good to excellent yields on a wide variety of substrates under batch, microwave, and continuous flow conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kévin Saint-Jacques
- Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Centre for Continuous Flow Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, 1375, av. Thérèse Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, Québec H2V 0B3, Canada.
| | - Carolyn L Ladd
- Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Centre for Continuous Flow Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, 1375, av. Thérèse Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, Québec H2V 0B3, Canada.
| | - André B Charette
- Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Centre for Continuous Flow Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, 1375, av. Thérèse Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, Québec H2V 0B3, Canada.
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12
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Pipaón Fernández N, Gaube G, Woelk KJ, Burns M, Hruszkewycz DP, Leitch DC. Palladium-Catalyzed Direct C–H Alkenylation with Enol Pivalates Proceeds via Reversible C–O Oxidative Addition to Pd(0). ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c01305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nahiane Pipaón Fernández
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd., Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Gregory Gaube
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd., Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Kyla J. Woelk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd., Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Mathias Burns
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd., Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Damian P. Hruszkewycz
- Chemical Development, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 S Collegeville Rd, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - David C. Leitch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd., Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
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13
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Hu X, Zhang T, Li J, Ma Z, Lei D, Zu B, Dou X. Competitive Delocalized Charge Transfer Boosted by Solvent Induction Strategy for Survivable Colorimetric Detection of ng-Level Urea. Anal Chem 2022; 94:6318-6328. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Hu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Explosives Safety Science, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tianshi Zhang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Explosives Safety Science, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiguang Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Explosives Safety Science, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhiwei Ma
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Explosives Safety Science, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Da Lei
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Explosives Safety Science, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Baiyi Zu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Explosives Safety Science, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Xincun Dou
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Explosives Safety Science, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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14
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Salameh N, Anastasiou I, Ferlin F, Minio F, Chen S, Santoro S, Liu P, Gu Y, Vaccaro L. Heterogeneous palladium-catalysed intramolecular C(sp3) H α-arylation for the green synthesis of oxindoles. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Prasad S, Tantillo DJ. Roads Not Taken: Mechanism and Origins of Regio- and Chemoselectivity of Directed Co III-Catalyzed Alkenylation of N-Pyridyl 2-Pyridone. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Supreeth Prasad
- Department of Chemistry, University of California─Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Dean J. Tantillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California─Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
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16
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Ferlin F, Anastasiou I, Salameh N, Miyakoshi T, Baudoin O, Vaccaro L. C(sp 3 )-H Arylation Promoted by a Heterogeneous Palladium-N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complex in Batch and Continuous Flow. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202102736. [PMID: 35098689 PMCID: PMC9303704 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202102736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A heterogeneous reusable palladium(II)-bis(N-heterocyclic carbene) catalyst was prepared and shown to catalyze the intramolecular C(sp3 )-H activation/cyclization of N-alkyl-2-bromoanilines furnishing indolines. This new catalytic system was based on a bis-imidazolium ligand immobilized on a spaced cross-linked polystyrene support. The iodide ligands on the catalyst played a central role in the efficiency of the process occurring through a "release and catch" mechanism. The heterogeneous nature of the catalyst was further exploited in the design of a continuous-flow protocol that allowed a more efficient recovery and reuse of the catalyst, as well as a very fast and safe procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Ferlin
- Laboratory of Green SOCDipartimento di ChimicaBiologia e BiotecnologieUniversità degli Studi di PerugiaVia Elce di Sotto, 806124PerugiaItaly
| | - Ioannis Anastasiou
- Laboratory of Green SOCDipartimento di ChimicaBiologia e BiotecnologieUniversità degli Studi di PerugiaVia Elce di Sotto, 806124PerugiaItaly
| | - Nihad Salameh
- Laboratory of Green SOCDipartimento di ChimicaBiologia e BiotecnologieUniversità degli Studi di PerugiaVia Elce di Sotto, 806124PerugiaItaly
| | - Takeru Miyakoshi
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BaselSt. Johanns-Ring 19CH-4056BaselSwitzerland
| | - Olivier Baudoin
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BaselSt. Johanns-Ring 19CH-4056BaselSwitzerland
| | - Luigi Vaccaro
- Laboratory of Green SOCDipartimento di ChimicaBiologia e BiotecnologieUniversità degli Studi di PerugiaVia Elce di Sotto, 806124PerugiaItaly
- Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)6 Miklukho-Maklaya StMoscow117198Russia
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17
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Babu SA, Aggarwal Y, Patel P, Tomar R. Diastereoselective palladium-catalyzed functionalization of prochiral C(sp 3)-H bonds of aliphatic and alicyclic compounds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:2612-2633. [PMID: 35113087 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05649b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We highlight the reported developments of the palladium-catalyzed C-H activation and functionalization of the inactive/unreactive prochiral C(sp3)-H bonds of aliphatic and alicyclic compounds. There exist numerous classical methods for generating contiguous stereogenic centers in a compound with a high degree of stereocontrol. Along similar lines, the Pd(II)-catalyzed, directing group-aided functionalization of inactive prochiral/diastereotopic C(sp3)-H bonds have been exploited to accomplish the stereoselective construction of stereo-arrays in organic compounds. We present a concise discussion on how specific strategies consisting of Pd(II)-catalyzed, directing group-aided C(sp3)-H functionalization have been utilized to generate two or more stereogenic centers in aliphatic and alicyclic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasarao Arulananda Babu
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Manauli P.O., Punjab, 140306, India.
| | - Yashika Aggarwal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Manauli P.O., Punjab, 140306, India.
| | - Pooja Patel
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Manauli P.O., Punjab, 140306, India.
| | - Radha Tomar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Manauli P.O., Punjab, 140306, India.
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18
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Chen P, Wang ZY, Wang JX, Peng XS, Wong HNC. Remote C(sp 3)–H activation: palladium-catalyzed intermolecular arylation and alkynylation with organolithiums and terminal alkynes. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00584k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A 1,4-palladium shift is regarded as one of the solutions towards the challenging remote C(sp3)–H activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jia-Xin Wang
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Longgang District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiao-Shui Peng
- Department of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Longgang District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Henry N. C. Wong
- Department of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Longgang District, Shenzhen, China
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19
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Wang R, Liu Y, Wang Q, Zhang L, Li Z, Pu M, Lei M. The Role of AQ in the Regioselectivity of Strong Alkyl C-O Bond Activation Catalyzed by Pd(OAc) 2: A Density Functional Theory Mechanistic Study. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:17555-17564. [PMID: 34752698 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A density functional theory method was employed to investigate the mechanism of C-O bond activation of butanoic acid substrates bearing the 8-aminoquinoline (AQ) group catalyzed by Pd(OAc)2. The whole reaction consists of five fundamental steps: the chelation of substrate A1, the C-H activation step, the C-N coupling step, the protodepalladation step, and the release of the final product. The calculated results indicated that the protodepalladation step is the rate-determining step with a free energy barrier of 24.3 kcal/mol. This theoretical study pointed out that the energy barriers of C-H activation in the presence and absence of AQ are 11.3 and 26.6 kcal/mol, respectively. This is to say that the installation of the AQ directing group is critical to the regioselectivity of C-H activation and the β-O elimination steps, and this reason enables selective activation of the γ C-O bond. Furthermore, this chelating functionality facilitated the protodepalladation step because the energy barrier of the protodepalladation step was decreased with the coordination of the AQ directing group with a Pd center, and that was 39.3 kcal/mol in the absence of AQ. This also explains why no product formation was observed in the experiment upon changing the directing AQ group to a phenylamino group. Finally, other substrates bearing the phenol leaving group at the β- and δ-positions of carbonyl were investigated in order to expand the applicability of the AQ directing strategy. This work could provide new theoretical insights into the activation of strong alkyl C(sp3) covalent bonds via the AQ directing strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Institute of Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yangqiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Institute of Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qianyue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Institute of Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Institute of Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhewei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Institute of Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Min Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Institute of Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ming Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Institute of Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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20
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Alvi S, Ali R. An expeditious and highly efficient synthesis of substituted pyrroles using a low melting deep eutectic mixture. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:9732-9745. [PMID: 34730166 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01618k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An expeditious green method for the synthesis of diverse valued substituted pyrroles through a Paal-Knorr condensation reaction, using a variety of amines and 2,5-hexanedione/2,5-dimethoxytetrahydrofuran in the presence of a low melting mixture of N,N'-dimethylurea and L-(+)-tartaric acid (which acts as a dual catalyst/solvent system), has fruitfully been revealed. Herein, we have disclosed the applicability of this simple yet effective strategy for the generation of mono- and dipyrroles in good to excellent yields. Moreover, C3-symmetric tripyrrolo-truxene derivatives have also been assembled by means of cyclotrimerization, Paal-Knorr and Clauson-Kaas reactions as crucial steps. Interestingly, the melting mixture was recovered and reused with only a gradual decrease in the catalytic activity (over four cycles) without any significant drop in the yield of the product. This particular methodology is simple, rapid, environmental friendly, and high yielding for the generation of a variety of pyrroles. To the best of our knowledge, the present work reveals the fastest greener method reported up to this date for the construction of substituted pyrroles by utilizing the Paal-Knorr synthetic protocol, achieving impressive yields under operationally simple reaction conditions without involving any precarious/dangerous catalysts or unsafe volatile organic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakeel Alvi
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, Okhla, New Delhi, 110025, India.
| | - Rashid Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, Okhla, New Delhi, 110025, India.
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21
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Transition metal-catalysed molecular n-doping of organic semiconductors. Nature 2021; 599:67-73. [PMID: 34732866 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03942-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Chemical doping is a key process for investigating charge transport in organic semiconductors and improving certain (opto)electronic devices1-9. N(electron)-doping is fundamentally more challenging than p(hole)-doping and typically achieves a very low doping efficiency (η) of less than 10%1,10. An efficient molecular n-dopant should simultaneously exhibit a high reducing power and air stability for broad applicability1,5,6,9,11, which is very challenging. Here we show a general concept of catalysed n-doping of organic semiconductors using air-stable precursor-type molecular dopants. Incorporation of a transition metal (for example, Pt, Au, Pd) as vapour-deposited nanoparticles or solution-processable organometallic complexes (for example, Pd2(dba)3) catalyses the reaction, as assessed by experimental and theoretical evidence, enabling greatly increased η in a much shorter doping time and high electrical conductivities (above 100 S cm-1; ref. 12). This methodology has technological implications for realizing improved semiconductor devices and offers a broad exploration space of ternary systems comprising catalysts, molecular dopants and semiconductors, thus opening new opportunities in n-doping research and applications12, 13.
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22
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Gao Y, Zhao Q, Li L, Ma YN. Synthesis of Six-Membered N-Heterocycle Frameworks Based on Intramolecular Metal-Free N-Centered Radical Chemistry. CHEM REC 2021; 22:e202100218. [PMID: 34618405 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The formation of intramolecular C-N bond represents a powerful strategy in organic transformation as the great importance of N-heterocycles in the fields of natural products and bioactive molecules. This personal account describes the synthesis of cyclic phosphinamidation, benzosultam, benzosulfoximine, phenanthridine and their halogenated compounds through transition-metal-free intramolecular oxidative C-N bond formation. Mechanism study reveals that N-X bond is initially formed under the effect of hypervalent halogen, which is very unstable and easily undergoes thermal or light homolytic cleavage to generate nitrogen radical. Then the nitrogen radical is trapped by the arene to give aryl radical. Rearomatization of aryl radical under the oxidant to provide corresponding N-heterocycle. Under suitable conditions, the N-heterocycles can be further transformed to halogenated N-heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Qianyi Zhao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Lixin Li
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, 156 Jinshui East Road, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Yan-Na Ma
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
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23
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Liu J, Johnson SA. Mechanism of 8-Aminoquinoline-Directed Ni-Catalyzed C(sp 3)–H Functionalization: Paramagnetic Ni(II) Species and the Deleterious Effect of Carbonate as a Base. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Junyang Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Sunset Avenue 401, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Samuel A. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Sunset Avenue 401, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
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24
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Wang H, Xie Z, Lu B, Zhong K, Lu J, Liu J. One-pot method to construct isoindolinones and its application to the synthesis of DWP205109 and intermediate of Lenalidomide. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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25
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Li J, Chen J, Wang L, Shi Y. Palladium-Catalyzed Sequential C-H Activation/Amination with Diaziridinone: An Approach to Indoles. Org Lett 2021; 23:3646-3651. [PMID: 33861616 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Indoles are an important class of molecules. This paper describes an efficient palladium-catalyzed synthesis of indoles from 2-iodostyrenes and di-t-butyldiaziridinone with a simultaneous installation of two C-N bonds. The reaction process likely proceeds through the oxidative insertion of Pd to aryl iodide and subsequent vinyl C-H activation to from a pallada(II)cycle intermediate, which is bisaminated by di-t-butyldiaziridinone to give the indole product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Jinhua Chen
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Luying Wang
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Yian Shi
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China.,Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523, Colorado, United States
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26
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Melot R, Zuccarello M, Cavalli D, Niggli N, Devereux M, Bürgi T, Baudoin O. Palladium(0)‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Intramolecular Arylation of Enantiotopic Secondary C−H Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Romain Melot
- University of Basel Department of Chemistry St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Marco Zuccarello
- University of Basel Department of Chemistry St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Diana Cavalli
- University of Basel Department of Chemistry St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Nadja Niggli
- University of Basel Department of Chemistry St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Michael Devereux
- University of Basel Department of Chemistry St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Thomas Bürgi
- University of Geneva Department of Physical Chemistry 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
| | - Olivier Baudoin
- University of Basel Department of Chemistry St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
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27
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Melot R, Zuccarello M, Cavalli D, Niggli N, Devereux M, Bürgi T, Baudoin O. Palladium(0)-Catalyzed Enantioselective Intramolecular Arylation of Enantiotopic Secondary C-H Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:7245-7250. [PMID: 33325596 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The enantioselective functionalization of nonactivated enantiotopic secondary C-H bonds is one of the greatest challenges in transition-metal-catalyzed C-H activation proceeding by an inner-sphere mechanism. Such reactions have remained elusive within the realm of Pd0 catalysis. Reported here is the unique reactivity profile of the IBiox ligand family in the Pd0 -catalyzed intramolecular arylation of such nonactivated secondary C-H bonds. Chiral C2 -symmetric IBiox ligands led to high enantioselectivities for a broad range of valuable indane products containing a tertiary stereocenter, as well as the arylation of secondary C-H bonds adjacent to amides. Depending on the amide substituents and upon control of reaction time, indanes containing labile tertiary stereocenters were also obtained with high enantioselectivities. Analysis of the steric maps of the IBiox ligands indicated that the level of enantioselectivity correlates with the difference between the two most occupied and the two less occupied space quadrants, and provided a blueprint for the design of even more efficient ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Melot
- University of Basel, Department of Chemistry, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marco Zuccarello
- University of Basel, Department of Chemistry, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Diana Cavalli
- University of Basel, Department of Chemistry, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nadja Niggli
- University of Basel, Department of Chemistry, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Devereux
- University of Basel, Department of Chemistry, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Bürgi
- University of Geneva, Department of Physical Chemistry, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Baudoin
- University of Basel, Department of Chemistry, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
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28
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The Fascinating Flexibility and Coordination Modes of a Pentamethylene Connected Macrocyclic CNC Pincer Ligand. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061669. [PMID: 33802789 PMCID: PMC8002578 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The coordination chemistry of an electron-rich macrocyclic CNC pincer-ligand consisting of two pentamethylene tethered N-heterocyclic carbene moieties on a carbazole backbone (bimcaC5) is investigated by mainly NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystal structure analysis. A bridging coordination mode is found for the lithium complex. With the larger and softer potassium ion, the ligand adopts a facial coordination mode and a polymeric structure by intermolecular potassium nitrogen interactions. The facial coordination is also confirmed at a Cp*Ru fragment, while C-H activation under dehydrogenation at the alkyl chain is observed upon reaction with [Ru(PPh3)3Cl2]. In contrast, Pd(OAc)2 reacts under C-H activation at the central carbon atom of the pentamethylene tether to an alkyl-pincer macrocycle.
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29
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Hang C, Ramirez A, Chan C, Hsiao Y, DelMonte AJ, Simmons EM. Mechanistic Studies of a Pd-Catalyzed Direct Arylation En Route to Beclabuvir: Dual Role of a Tetramethylammonium Cation and an Unusual Turnover-Limiting Step. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c05533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Hang
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Antonio Ramirez
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Collin Chan
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Yi Hsiao
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Albert J. DelMonte
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Eric M. Simmons
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
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30
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Hu XQ, Hou YX, Liu ZK, Gao Y. Ruthenium-catalysed C–H/C–N bond activation: facile access to isoindolinones. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01406k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A facile ruthenium-catalysed C–H/C–N bond activation and the subsequent annulation of readily available benzoic acids with in situ generated formaldimines are developed for the efficient synthesis of a wide range of biologically important isoindolinones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qiang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- South-Central University for Nationalities
- Wuhan 430074
- China
| | - Ye-Xing Hou
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- South-Central University for Nationalities
- Wuhan 430074
- China
| | - Zi-Kui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- South-Central University for Nationalities
- Wuhan 430074
- China
| | - Yang Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
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31
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Abel-Snape X, Whyte A, Lautens M. Synthesis of Aminated Phenanthridinones via Palladium/Norbornene Catalysis. Org Lett 2020; 22:7920-7925. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Abel-Snape
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Andrew Whyte
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Mark Lautens
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3H6, Canada
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32
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Tan B, Liu L, Zheng H, Cheng T, Zhu D, Yang X, Luan X. Two-in-one strategy for fluorene-based spirocycles via Pd(0)-catalyzed spiroannulation of o-iodobiaryls with bromonaphthols. Chem Sci 2020; 11:10198-10203. [PMID: 34094284 PMCID: PMC8162402 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04386a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid assembly of fluorene-based spirocycles represents a highly significant but challenging task in organic synthesis. Reported herein is a novel Pd(0)-catalyzed [4+1] spiroannulation of simple o-iodobiaryls with bromonaphthols for the one-step construction of [4,5]-spirofluorenes in high yields with excellent functional group tolerance. Noteworthily, these valuable fluorene-based coumarin skeletons can enrich the database of C-coumarins and exhibit excellent spectroscopic properties. A “two-in-one” strategy for one-step construction of fluorene-based spirocycles has been developed via Pd(0)-catalyzed spiroannulation of cross-coupling of two simple aryl halides.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojun Tan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University Xi'an 710127 China
| | - Long Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University Xi'an 710127 China
| | - Huayu Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University Xi'an 710127 China
| | - Tianyi Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University Xi'an 710127 China
| | - Dianhu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University Xi'an 710127 China
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University Xi'an 710127 China
| | - Xinjun Luan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University Xi'an 710127 China
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33
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Čarný T, Rocaboy R, Clemenceau A, Baudoin O. Synthesis of Amides and Esters by Palladium(0)‐Catalyzed Carbonylative C(sp
3
)−H Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202007922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Čarný
- Slovak University of Technology Department of Organic Chemistry Radlinského 9 81237 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Ronan Rocaboy
- University of Basel Department of Chemistry St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Antonin Clemenceau
- University of Basel Department of Chemistry St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Olivier Baudoin
- University of Basel Department of Chemistry St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
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34
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Čarný T, Rocaboy R, Clemenceau A, Baudoin O. Synthesis of Amides and Esters by Palladium(0)‐Catalyzed Carbonylative C(sp
3
)−H Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:18980-18984. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Čarný
- Slovak University of Technology Department of Organic Chemistry Radlinského 9 81237 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Ronan Rocaboy
- University of Basel Department of Chemistry St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Antonin Clemenceau
- University of Basel Department of Chemistry St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Olivier Baudoin
- University of Basel Department of Chemistry St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
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35
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Clemenceau A, Thesmar P, Gicquel M, Le Flohic A, Baudoin O. Direct Synthesis of Cyclopropanes from gem-Dialkyl Groups through Double C–H Activation. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:15355-15361. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c05887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonin Clemenceau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Thesmar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maxime Gicquel
- Oril Industrie, 13 rue Auguste Desgenétais, CS60125, 76210 Bolbec, France
| | | | - Olivier Baudoin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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36
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Raciti E, Donzello MP, Viola E, Bassetti M, Pettiti I, Bellucci N, Rizzoli C, Ercolani C. Palladium(II) and Platinum(II) Mononuclear Complexes and Tendency to Undergo Dehydrogenation of the Multiple N-Donor Ligand Di-(2-pyridyl)dihydropyrazine. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:8893-8905. [PMID: 32515953 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The already known di(2-pyridyl)dihydropyrazine (dhdpp) was prepared and isolated also in the form of a bis-hydrated species, i.e., dhdpp·2H2O. As established by X-ray work, a small amount of single crystals of di(2-pyridyl)-pyrazine (dpp) was also obtained from the mother liquors, this testifying the possibility of a dehydrogenation process dhdpp → dpp in the absence of a catalyst. Using dhdpp as a ligand, mononuclear metal derivatives of formula [(dhdpp)MCl2]·xH2O (M = PdII, PtII) were obtained as stable-to-air solids, studied by X-ray powder, IR, UV-visible, and 1H NMR spectra, and proved to exhibit a N2MCl2 coordination site involving one pyridine and one pyrazine N atom ("py-pyz" coordination). An interesting relationship has been established in terms of the observed types of coordination with the analogs of di(2-pyridyl)-pyrazine (dpp) formulated as [(dpp)MCl2]·3H2O, proved also by 1H NMR spectra to exhibit the "py-pyz" mode of coordination. Attempts to isolate from the reaction of dhdpp with Pd(OAc)2 the corresponding mononuclear derivatives were shown to lead, as definitely supported by 1H NMR spectral data and crystallographic work, to the exclusive formation of the corresponding dpp complex [(dpp)Pd(OAc)2]·5H2O ("py-pyz" coordination site), this proving the tendency of dhdpp to generate dpp under different reaction conditions. The promoted conversion of dhdpp into dpp in the complex was examined by sequential NMR analysis and established to be determined by Pd(OAc)2 which plays the role of catalyst. The new salt-like species [(CH3)(dhdpp)PdI2](I)·7H2O, prepared starting from [(dhdpp)PdCl2] in its reaction with CH3I, allowed the separation from the mother liquors of small brown crystals identified on the basis of X-ray analysis as the already known complex of formula [(dpp)PdI2] ("py-py" coordination), this result once again outlining the tendency of dhdpp to be dehydrogenated to dpp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Raciti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma Sapienza, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Donzello
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma Sapienza, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Elisa Viola
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma Sapienza, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Mauro Bassetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma Sapienza, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy.,CNR - Istituto per i Sistemi Biologici, Sede di Roma - Meccanismi di Reazione, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Ida Pettiti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma Sapienza, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Noemi Bellucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma Sapienza, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Corrado Rizzoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Claudio Ercolani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma Sapienza, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
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37
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Wang H, Liang L, Guo Z, Peng H, Qiao S, Saha N, Zhu D, Zeng W, Chen Y, Huang P, Wen S. Highly Reactive Cyclic Monoaryl Iodoniums Tuned as Carbene Generators Couple with Nucleophiles under Metal-Free Conditions. iScience 2020; 23:101307. [PMID: 32634743 PMCID: PMC7338778 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cross-coupling reactions between aryl iodide and nucleophiles have been well developed. Iodoniums equipped with a reactive C-I(III) bond accelerate cross-coupling reactions of aryl iodide. Among them, cyclic diaryliodoniums are more atom economical; however; they are often in the trap of metal reliance and encounter regioselectivity issues. Now, we have developed a series of highly reactive cyclic monoaryl-vinyl iodoniums that can be tuned to construct C-N, C-O, and C-C bonds without metal catalysis. Under promotion of triethylamine, coupling reactions with aniline, phenol, aromatic acid, and indole proceed rapidly and regioselectively at room temperature. The carbene species is conceptualized as a key intermediate in our mechanism model. Furthermore, the coupling products enable diversity-oriented synthesis strategy to further build up a chemical library of diverse heterocyclic fragments that are in demand in the drug discovery field. Our current work provides a deep insight into the synthetic application of these highly reactive cyclic iodoniums.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Liyun Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Zhirong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Hui Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Shuang Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Nemai Saha
- Berhampore Girl's College, Berhampore, Murshidabad, West Bengal 742101, India
| | - Daqian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Wenbin Zeng
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Yunyun Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Peng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou 510060, China.
| | - Shijun Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou 510060, China.
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38
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Shaughnessy KH. Monodentate Trialkylphosphines: Privileged Ligands in Metal-catalyzed Crosscoupling Reactions. CURR ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272824666200211114540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Phosphines are widely used ligands in transition metal-catalyzed reactions.
Arylphosphines, such as triphenylphosphine, were among the first phosphines to show
broad utility in catalysis. Beginning in the late 1990s, sterically demanding and electronrich
trialkylphosphines began to receive attention as supporting ligands. These ligands
were found to be particularly effective at promoting oxidative addition in cross-coupling
of aryl halides. With electron-rich, sterically demanding ligands, such as tri-tertbutylphosphine,
coupling of aryl bromides could be achieved at room temperature. More
importantly, the less reactive, but more broadly available, aryl chlorides became accessible
substrates. Tri-tert-butylphosphine has become a privileged ligand that has found application
in a wide range of late transition-metal catalyzed coupling reactions. This success
has led to the use of numerous monodentate trialkylphosphines in cross-coupling reactions. This review
will discuss the general properties and features of monodentate trialkylphosphines and their application in
cross-coupling reactions of C–X and C–H bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin H. Shaughnessy
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Box 870336, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487-0336, United States
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39
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Li X, Hu X, Liu Z, Yang J, Mei B, Dong Y, Liu G. Ruthenium-Catalyzed Selectively Oxidative C–H Alkenylation of N-Acylated Aryl Sulfonamides by Using Molecular Oxygen as an Oxidant. J Org Chem 2020; 85:5916-5926. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xueyuan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zijie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jingshu Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bo Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Gang Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China
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40
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Trowbridge A, Walton SM, Gaunt MJ. New Strategies for the Transition-Metal Catalyzed Synthesis of Aliphatic Amines. Chem Rev 2020; 120:2613-2692. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Trowbridge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Scarlett M. Walton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
- Oncology
- IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Darwin Building, Unit 310, Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J. Gaunt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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41
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An Y, Zhang BS, Zhang Z, Liu C, Gou XY, Ding YN, Liang YM. A carboxylate-assisted amination/unactivated C(sp2)–H arylation reaction via a palladium/norbornene cooperative catalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:5933-5936. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc09265j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A carboxylate-assisted palladium-catalysed Catellani reaction, which is compatible with ortho-amination and unactivated C(sp2)–H arylation, synthesized a series of 1-amino substituted dihydrophenanthridines, phenanthridines and 6H-benzo[c]chromenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang An
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Bo-Sheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Ce Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Xue-Ya Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Ya-Nan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Yong-Min Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
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42
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Spiewak AM, Weix DJ. Ruthenium-Catalyzed C-H Arylation of 1-Naphthol with Aryl and Heteroaryl Halides. J Org Chem 2019; 84:15642-15647. [PMID: 31725290 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
While 8-aryl-1-napthols are promising dye molecules and useful intermediates in the synthesis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, they can be difficult to access. A new, ruthenium-catalyzed method for peri-C-H arylation of 1-naphthol with a variety of aryl and heteroaryl halides (iodides, bromides) is reported that overcomes the limitations of previous palladium-catalyzed approaches. Yields for the 21 examples range from 16 to 99%, with an average of 71%, and the reaction tolerates a variety of functional groups: pyridine, pyrimidine, primary aniline, aldehyde, and ester.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Spiewak
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Daniel J Weix
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
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43
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Cai XH, Yang MZ, Xie B. Recent Investigations on the Functionalizations of C(sp3)-H Bonds Adjacent to a Heteroatom. LETT ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1570178616666190123131353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The selective functionalization of unactivated C(sp3)-H bonds has been regarded as an efficient
and atom-economical approach for the formation of carbon-carbon or carbon-heteroatom bonds
in modern organic synthesis. Especially, the oxidative activation of C(sp3)–H bonds adjacent to a heteroatom
exhibits quite significant features in synthetic chemistry. For example, the direct functionalizations
of amines, amides and ethers present important alternative tactics for the synthesis of various
novel and useful molecules from simple starting materials. Many remarkable achievements in the area
had continuously been made in the past decades. Here we reviewed recent investigations on the transformations
of C(sp3)-H bond adjacent to a heteroatom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hua Cai
- School of Chemical Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Meng-Zhi Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Bing Xie
- School of Chemical Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China
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44
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Li L, Li Y, Zhao Z, Luo H, Ma YN. Facial Syntheses of Bromobenzothiazines via Catalyst-Free Tandem C–H Amination/Bromination in Water. Org Lett 2019; 21:5995-5999. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan 464000, China
| | - Yong Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan 464000, China
| | - Zhengguang Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan 464000, China
| | - Haotian Luo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan 464000, China
| | - Yan-Na Ma
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
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45
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46
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Gill MA, Manthorpe JM. Development of Palladium-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Allylation of Electron-Deficient Sulfones and Identification of Unusual Side Products. J Org Chem 2019; 84:6028-6039. [PMID: 30964285 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The use of sulfones as electron-withdrawing groups in substrates for palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative allylation was explored. A previously published trifluoromethanesulfonyl-based substrate was highly reactive and selective under mild conditions, but the substrate scope was not readily expanded. Instead, 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl sulfones were employed, thereby simultaneously retaining most of the electron deficiency and providing facile synthetic access. Optimization of the catalytic conditions to maximize the product distribution to a synthetically useful level of the allylation product over the protonation side product proved extremely challenging, with inconsistent and irreproducible results afforded with Pd2(dba)3 as the palladium source. A variety of substrates were subjected to the optimized catalytic conditions of PdCp(1-cinnamyl) and Xantphos in tetrahydrofuran at 50 °C for 30 min. These conditions were applicable to all substrates with the exception of the α,α-dimethyl allyl ester, which required more forcing conditions and afforded four products: the allylation and protonation products, as expected, along with a cyclopropylation product and an unprecedented pseudodimeric product. The mechanism for the formation of these unusual side products is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica A Gill
- Department of Chemistry , Carleton University , 1121 Colonel By Drive , 203 Steacie Building, Ottawa , Ontario K1B 3Z8 , Canada
| | - Jeffrey M Manthorpe
- Department of Chemistry , Carleton University , 1121 Colonel By Drive , 203 Steacie Building, Ottawa , Ontario K1B 3Z8 , Canada
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47
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48
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Mayer C, Ladd CL, Charette AB. Utilization of BozPhos as an Effective Ligand in Enantioselective C-H Functionalization of Cyclopropanes: Synthesis of Dihydroisoquinolones and Dihydroquinolones. Org Lett 2019; 21:2639-2644. [PMID: 30924670 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The bisphosphine monoxide ( R, R)-BozPhos enables enantioselective C-H functionalization of cyclopropanes in a palladium-catalyzed cyclization. The synthesis of a broad spectrum of dihydroisoquinolones and dihydroquinolones in good yields and high enantiomeric excess was achieved through the use of this hemilabile ligand. Furthermore, the isolation of an intermediary palladium(II)-BozPhos complex after oxidative addition was successful and a second complex provided further insight into bond length and angles through a crystal structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Mayer
- FRQNT Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry , Université de Montréal , P.O. Box 6128, Station Downtown , Montréal , Quebec , Canada , H3C 3J7
| | - Carolyn L Ladd
- FRQNT Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry , Université de Montréal , P.O. Box 6128, Station Downtown , Montréal , Quebec , Canada , H3C 3J7
| | - André B Charette
- FRQNT Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry , Université de Montréal , P.O. Box 6128, Station Downtown , Montréal , Quebec , Canada , H3C 3J7
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49
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Fu LY, Ying J, Qi X, Peng JB, Wu XF. Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylative Synthesis of Isoindolinones from Benzylamines with TFBen as the CO Source. J Org Chem 2019; 84:1421-1429. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Yang Fu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Xiasha Campus, Hangzhou 310018, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Ying
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Xiasha Campus, Hangzhou 310018, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Qi
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Xiasha Campus, Hangzhou 310018, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin-Bao Peng
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Xiasha Campus, Hangzhou 310018, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Xiasha Campus, Hangzhou 310018, People’s Republic of China
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straβe 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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Takahashi I, Nishiwaki Y, Saitoh K, Matsunaga T, Aratake A, Morita T, Hosoi S. Exploration of Moderate Conditions and Substrate Variation in the Direct Condensation between Phthalide and Primary Amine Catalyzed by GaCl3. Are Aliphatic Amines Less Reactive than Aromatic Ones? HETEROCYCLES 2019. [DOI: 10.3987/com-18-s(f)14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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