1
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Zeng L, Zhou M, Jin R. Evolution of Excited-State Behaviors of Gold Complexes, Nanoclusters and Nanoparticles. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202300687. [PMID: 38547007 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Metal nanomaterials have been extensively investigated owing to their unique properties in contrast to bulk counterparts. Gold nanoparticles (e. g., 3-100 nm) show quasi-continuous energy bands, while gold nanoclusters (<3 nm) and complexes exhibit discrete energy levels and display entirely different photophysical properties than regular nanoparticles. This review summarizes the electronic dynamics of these three types of gold materials studied by ultrafast spectroscopy. Briefly, for gold nanoparticles, their electronic relaxation is dominated by heat dissipation between the electrons and the lattice. In contrast, gold nanoclusters exhibit single-electron transitions and relatively long excited-state lifetimes being analogous to molecules. In gold complexes, the excited-state dynamics is dominated by intersystem crossing and phosphorescence. A detailed understanding of the photophysical properties of gold nanocluster materials is still missing and thus calls for future efforts. The fundamental insights into the discrete electronic structure and the size-induced evolution in quantum-sized nanoclusters will promote the exploration of their applications in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Zeng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Meng Zhou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Rongchao Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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2
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Kumaranchira Ramankutty K. Circular dichroism and circularly polarized luminescence of ligand-protected molecular metal clusters: insights into structure-chiroptical property relationships. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:11914-11927. [PMID: 38845602 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr01232a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Molecular noble metal clusters are an emerging class of circularly polarized luminescent (CPL) nanomaterials. Many of the ligand-protected metal clusters exhibit discrete electronic absorption bands, which are assigned to their structural components such as metal core, ligands and metal-ligand interfaces. This implies the suitability of the chiroptical spectroscopic approach to unravel the structure-chiroptical property relationships in molecular metal clusters. Due to the tremendous developments in computational methods for investigating chiroptical properties, along with circular dichroism (CD) and CPL spectroscopy, understanding of the structure-chiroptical properties of these clusters is rapidly progressing. This review discusses various strategies such as the use of chiral ligands, metal atom substitution, ligand exchange, co-crystallization with chiral ligands, etc., for inducing and enhancing the CPL of such metal clusters. This review demonstrates the potential of combined CD-CPL spectroscopic investigations and theoretical calculations to unravel the origins of photoluminescence and CPL activity of chiral metal clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnadas Kumaranchira Ramankutty
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P. O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, 69551, India.
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3
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D'Antoni P, Sementa L, Bonacchi S, Reato M, Maran F, Fortunelli A, Stener M. Combined experimental and computational study of the photoabsorption of the monodoped and nondoped nanoclusters Au 24Pt(SR) 18, Ag 24Pt(SR) 18, and Ag 25(SR) 18. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:17569-17576. [PMID: 38867581 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00789a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Assessing the accuracy of first-principles computational approaches is instrumental to predict electronic excitations in metal nanoclusters with quantitative confidence. Here we describe a validation study on the optical response of a set of monolayer-protected clusters (MPC). The photoabsorption spectra of Ag25(DMBT)18-, Ag24Pt(DMBT)182- and Au24Pt(SC4H9)18, where DMBT is 2,4-dimethylbenzenethiolate and SC4H9 is n-butylthiolate, have been obtained at low temperature and compared with accurate TDDFT calculations. An excellent match between theory and experiment, with typical deviations of less than 0.1 eV, was obtained, thereby validating the accuracy and reliability of the proposed computational framework. Moreover, an analysis of the TDDFT simulations allowed us to ascribe all relevant spectral features to specific transitions between occupied/virtual orbital pairs. The doping effect of Pt on the optical response of these ultrasmall MPC systems was identified and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierpaolo D'Antoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Via Giorgieri 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Luca Sementa
- CNR-ICCOM & IPCF, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Sara Bonacchi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Mattia Reato
- Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Flavio Maran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - Alessandro Fortunelli
- CNR-ICCOM & IPCF, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Mauro Stener
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Via Giorgieri 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.
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4
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Saito R, Isozaki K, Mizuhata Y, Nakamura M. Synthesis of N 2-Type Superatomic Molecules. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38901036 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c05611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Exploration of multiple bonds between superatoms remains an uncharted territory. In this study, we present the synthesis and characterization of N2-type superatomic molecules featuring triple bonds between two superatoms. The successful synthesis of M2Au17 (M = Pd, Pt) nanoclusters hinged upon the photoinduced fusion of MAu12 superatoms, achieved through sequential electron transfer and detachment of [AuPR3]+ species. Solid-state structures were confirmed via X-ray crystallography, while their electronic structures were elucidated through density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Analysis of electronic absorption properties, coupled with time-dependent DFT calculations, unveiled a symmetry-dependent electron transition nature between superatomic molecular orbitals, akin to that observed in conventional molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Saito
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Isozaki
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Mizuhata
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Masaharu Nakamura
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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5
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Li S, Li NN, Dong XY, Zang SQ, Mak TCW. Chemical Flexibility of Atomically Precise Metal Clusters. Chem Rev 2024; 124:7262-7378. [PMID: 38696258 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Ligand-protected metal clusters possess hybrid properties that seamlessly combine an inorganic core with an organic ligand shell, imparting them exceptional chemical flexibility and unlocking remarkable application potential in diverse fields. Leveraging chemical flexibility to expand the library of available materials and stimulate the development of new functionalities is becoming an increasingly pressing requirement. This Review focuses on the origin of chemical flexibility from the structural analysis, including intra-cluster bonding, inter-cluster interactions, cluster-environments interactions, metal-to-ligand ratios, and thermodynamic effects. In the introduction, we briefly outline the development of metal clusters and explain the differences and commonalities of M(I)/M(I/0) coinage metal clusters. Additionally, we distinguish the bonding characteristics of metal atoms in the inorganic core, which give rise to their distinct chemical flexibility. Section 2 delves into the structural analysis, bonding categories, and thermodynamic theories related to metal clusters. In the following sections 3 to 7, we primarily elucidate the mechanisms that trigger chemical flexibility, the dynamic processes in transformation, the resultant alterations in structure, and the ensuing modifications in physical-chemical properties. Section 8 presents the notable applications that have emerged from utilizing metal clusters and their assemblies. Finally, in section 9, we discuss future challenges and opportunities within this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Li
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Na-Na Li
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Xi-Yan Dong
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Shuang-Quan Zang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Thomas C W Mak
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, China
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6
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Tang S, Wang E, Wu Y, Song T, Zhou M, Cai X, Gao Y, Ding W, Zhu Y. Diachronic evolvement from tetra-icosahedral to quasi-hexagonal close-packed bimetal clusters. Chem Sci 2024; 15:8372-8379. [PMID: 38846395 PMCID: PMC11151839 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00942h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Here we report a diachronic evolvement from tetra-icosahedral Au30Ag12(C[triple bond, length as m-dash]CR)24 to quasi-hcp (hexagonal close-packed) Au47Ag19(C[triple bond, length as m-dash]CR)32 via a one-step reduction, in which the size/structure conversion of the two clusters is not a typical Oswald growth process, but involves interface shrinking followed by core rearrangement and surface polymerization. Au30Ag12(C[triple bond, length as m-dash]CR)24 has an aesthetic Au18Ag8 kernel that is composed of four interpenetrating Au10Ag3 icosahedra, while Au47Ag19(C[triple bond, length as m-dash]CR)32 has a twisted Au19 core capped by a Au12Ag19 shell that are stacked in a layer-by-layer manner with a quasi-hcp pattern. The discovery of the two clusters not only provides further evidence for icosahedral clusters with longer excited-state lifetime compared to hcp-like clusters, but also discloses a double increase in catalytic reactivity for electrocatalytic oxidation of ethanol over quasi-hcp clusters in comparison with icosahedral clusters. This work provides the rationale for reversing the bottom-up growth process to remake bimetal clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shisi Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Endong Wang
- Phonon Science Research Center for Carbon Dioxide, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Yanzhen Wu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Tongxin Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Meng Zhou
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Xiao Cai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Yi Gao
- Phonon Science Research Center for Carbon Dioxide, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Weiping Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Yan Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
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7
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Sampei H, Akiyama H, Saegusa K, Yamaguchi M, Ogo S, Nakai H, Ueda T, Sekine Y. Factors governing the protonation of Keggin-type polyoxometalates: influence of the core structure in clusters. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:8576-8583. [PMID: 38655658 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00799a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Atomic substitution is a promising approach for controlling structures and properties for developing clusters with desired responses. Although many possible coordination candidates could be deduced for substitution, not all can be prepared. Therefore, predicting the correlation between structures and physical properties is important prior to synthesis. In this study, regarding Keggin-type polyoxometalates (POMs) as a model cluster, the dominant factors affecting the protonation were investigated by atomic substitutions and geometry changes. The valence of Keggin-type POMs and the constituent elements of the cluster shell structure affect the charge and potential distribution, which change the protonation sites. Furthermore, the valence of Keggin-type POMs and the bond length between the core and shell structure determine the protonation energy. These factors also affect the HOMO-LUMO gap, which governs photochemical and redox reactions. These governing factors derived from actual parameters of the α-isomer of Keggin-type POMs enabled us to deduce the protonation energy of the β-isomer, which is more difficult to prepare and isolate than the α-isomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Sampei
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, 3-4-1, Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan.
| | - Hiromu Akiyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, 3-4-1, Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan.
| | - Koki Saegusa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, 3-4-1, Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, 3-4-1, Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan.
| | - Shuhei Ogo
- Department of Marine Resource Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, Nankoku 783-8502, Japan
- Marine Core Research Institute, Kochi University, Nankoku 783-8502, Japan
| | - Hiromi Nakai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Waseda University, 3-4-1, Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
| | - Tadaharu Ueda
- Department of Marine Resource Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, Nankoku 783-8502, Japan
- Marine Core Research Institute, Kochi University, Nankoku 783-8502, Japan
- MEDi Center, Kochi University, Kochi 780-0842, Japan
| | - Yasushi Sekine
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, 3-4-1, Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan.
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8
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Sun X, Yan B, Gong X, Xu Q, Guo Q, Shen H. Eight-Electron Copper Nanoclusters for Photothermal Conversion. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400527. [PMID: 38470123 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Owing to distinct physicochemical properties in comparison to gold and silver counterparts, atomically precise copper nanoclusters are attracting embryonic interest in material science. The introduction of copper cluster nanomaterials in more interesting fields is currently urgent and desired. Reported in this work are novel copper nanoclusters of [XCu54Cl12(tBuS)20(NO3)12] (X=S or none, tBuSH=2-methyl-2-propanethiol), which exhibit high performance in photothermal conversion. The clusters have been prepared in one pot and characterized by combinatorial techniques including ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The molecular structure of the clusters, as revealed by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis (SCXRD), shows the concentric three-shell Russian doll arrangement of X@Cu14@Cl12@Cu40. Interestingly, the [SCu54Cl12(tBuS)20(NO3)12] cluster contains 8 free valence electrons in its structure, making it the first eight-electron copper nanocluster stabilized by thiolates. More impressively, the clusters possess an effective photothermal conversion (temperature increases by 71 °C within ~50 s, λex=445 nm, 0.5 W cm-2) in a wide wavelength range (either blue or near-infrared). The photothermal conversion can be even driven under irradiation of simulated sunlight (3 sun), endowing the clusters with great potency in solar energy utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Sun
- College of Energy Materials and Chemistry, Inner Mongolia University, College of Energy Materials and Chemistry, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Bingzheng Yan
- College of Energy Materials and Chemistry, Inner Mongolia University, College of Energy Materials and Chemistry, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Xuekun Gong
- College of Energy Materials and Chemistry, Inner Mongolia University, College of Energy Materials and Chemistry, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Qinghua Xu
- College of Energy Materials and Chemistry, Inner Mongolia University, College of Energy Materials and Chemistry, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Qingxiang Guo
- College of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, 010051, China
| | - Hui Shen
- College of Energy Materials and Chemistry, Inner Mongolia University, College of Energy Materials and Chemistry, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
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9
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Gu W, Zhou Y, Wang W, You Q, Fan W, Zhao Y, Bian G, Wang R, Fang L, Yan N, Xia N, Liao L, Wu Z. Concomitant Near-Infrared Photothermy and Photoluminescence of Rod-Shaped Au 52(PET) 32 and Au 66(PET) 38 Synthesized Concurrently. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202407518. [PMID: 38752452 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202407518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Gold nanoclusters exhibiting concomitant photothermy (PT) and photoluminescence (PL) under near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation are rarely reported, and some fundamental issues remain unresolved for such materials. Herein, we concurrently synthesized two novel rod-shaped Au nanoclusters, Au52(PET)32 and Au66(PET)38 (PET = 2-phenylethanethiolate), and precisely revealed that their kernels were 4 × 4 × 6 and 5 × 4 × 6 face-centered cubic (fcc) structures, respectively, based on the numbers of Au layers in the [100], [010], and [001] directions. Following the structural growth mode from Au52(PET)32 to Au66(PET)38, we predicted six more novel nanoclusters. The concurrent synthesis provides rational comparison of the two nanoclusters on the stability, absorption, emission and photothermy, and reveals the aspect ratio-related properties. An interesting finding is that the two nanoclusters exhibit concomitant PT and PL under 785 nm light irradiation, and the PT and PL are in balance, which was explained by the qualitative evaluation of the radiative and non-radiative rates. The ligand effects on PT and PL were also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanmiao Gu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 230031, Hefei, P. R.China
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, P. R.China
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, 230601, Hefei, P. R.China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 230031, Hefei, P. R.China
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, P. R.China
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, 230601, Hefei, P. R.China
| | - Wenying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 230031, Hefei, P. R.China
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, P. R.China
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, 230601, Hefei, P. R.China
| | - Qing You
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 230031, Hefei, P. R.China
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, P. R.China
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, 230601, Hefei, P. R.China
| | - Wentao Fan
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 230031, Hefei, P. R.China
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, P. R.China
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, 230601, Hefei, P. R.China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 230031, Hefei, P. R.China
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, P. R.China
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, 230601, Hefei, P. R.China
| | - Guoqing Bian
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 230031, Hefei, P. R.China
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, P. R.China
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, 230601, Hefei, P. R.China
| | - Runguo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 230031, Hefei, P. R.China
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, P. R.China
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, 230601, Hefei, P. R.China
| | - Liang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 230031, Hefei, P. R.China
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, P. R.China
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, 230601, Hefei, P. R.China
| | - Nan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 230031, Hefei, P. R.China
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, P. R.China
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, 230601, Hefei, P. R.China
| | - Nan Xia
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 230031, Hefei, P. R.China
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, P. R.China
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, 230601, Hefei, P. R.China
| | - Lingwen Liao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 230031, Hefei, P. R.China
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, P. R.China
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, 230601, Hefei, P. R.China
| | - Zhikun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 230031, Hefei, P. R.China
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, P. R.China
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, 230601, Hefei, P. R.China
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10
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Wang M, Xia S, Jiang C, He S, Xia J, Wang Z, Yuan X, Liu L, Chen J. Aggregation Inducing Reversible Conformational Isomerization of Surface Staple in Au 18SR 14 Nanoclusters. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2311895. [PMID: 38660823 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The conformation of molecules and materials is crucial in determining their properties and applications. Here, this work explores the reversible transformation between two distinct conformational isomers in metal nanoclusters. This work demonstrates the successful manipulation of a controllable and reversible isomerization of Au18SR14 within an aqueous solution through two distinct methods: ethanol addition and pH adjustment. The initial driver is the alteration of the solution environment, leading to the aggregation of Au18SR14 protected by ligands with smaller steric hindrance. At the atomic level, the folding mode of the unique Au4SR5 staple underpins the observed structural transformation. The reversal of staple conformation leads to color shifting between green and orange-red, and tailors a second emission peak at 725 nm originating from charge transfer from the thiolate to the Au9 core. This work not only deepens the understanding of the surface structure and dual-emission of metal nanoparticles, but also enhances the comprehension of their isomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Instrumental Analysis Center of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Shan Xia
- Department of Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, Pukou District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Chengjia Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Instrumental Analysis Center of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Shuyi He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Instrumental Analysis Center of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Jianfei Xia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Instrumental Analysis Center of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
- Qingdao Boting Hydrogen Age Ocean Technol R&D Ctr, Qingdao Boting Technol Co Ltd, Shandong Hydrogen Times Marine Technology Co Ltd, Qingdao, 266100, P. R. China
| | - Zonghua Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Instrumental Analysis Center of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Xun Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, P. R. China
| | - Liren Liu
- Department of Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, Pukou District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Jishi Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Instrumental Analysis Center of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
- Qingdao Boting Hydrogen Age Ocean Technol R&D Ctr, Qingdao Boting Technol Co Ltd, Shandong Hydrogen Times Marine Technology Co Ltd, Qingdao, 266100, P. R. China
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11
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Caschera D, Brugnoli B, Primitivo L, De Angelis M, Righi G, Pilloni L, Campi G, Imperatori P, Pentimalli M, Masi A, Liscio A, Rea G, Suber L. Synthesis of Photoluminescent 2D Self-Assembled Silver Thiolate Nanoclusters for Sensors and Biomolecule Support. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:3724-3734. [PMID: 38359353 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Silver thiolate nanoclusters (Ag NCs) show distinctive optical properties resulting from their hybrid nature, metallic and molecular, exhibiting size-, structure-, and surface-dependent photoluminescence, thus enabling the exploitation of Ag NCs for potential applications in nanobiotechnology, catalysis, and biomedicine. However, tailoring Ag NCs for specific applications requires achieving long-term stability and may involve modifying surface chemistry, fine-tuning ligand composition, or adding functional groups. In this study, we report the synthesis of novel Ag NCs using 2-ethanephenylthiolate (SR) as a ligand, highlight critical points addressing stability, and characterize their optical and structural properties. A preliminary electrical characterization revealed high anisotropy, well suited for potential use in electronics/sensing applications. We also present the synthesis and characterization of Ag NCs using 10-carboxylic 2-ol thiolate (SR'COOH) having a terminal carboxylic group for conjugation with amine-containing molecules. We present a preliminary assessment of its bioconjugation capability using bovine serum albumin as a model protein indicating its prospective application as a biomolecule support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Caschera
- ISMN-CNR, Strada Provinciale 35d, n.9, 00010 Montelibretti, Rome, Italy
| | - Benedetta Brugnoli
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, p.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Ludovica Primitivo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, p.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Martina De Angelis
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, p.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuliana Righi
- IBPM-CNR-c/o DipDipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, p.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Luciano Pilloni
- ENEA-SSPT-PROMAS-MATPRO, Materials Technology Division, Casaccia Research Centre, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Gaetano Campi
- IC-CNR, Strada Provinciale 35d, n.9, 00010 Montelibretti, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Marzia Pentimalli
- ENEA-SSPT-PROMAS-MATPRO, Materials Technology Division, Casaccia Research Centre, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Masi
- ENEA FSN-COND, Superconductivity Section, Frascati Research Center, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - Andrea Liscio
- IMM-CNR, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Rea
- IC-CNR, Strada Provinciale 35d, n.9, 00010 Montelibretti, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenza Suber
- ISM-CNR, Strada Provinciale 35d, n.9, 00010 Montelibretti, Rome, Italy
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12
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Liu Z, Luo L, Jin R. Visible to NIR-II Photoluminescence of Atomically Precise Gold Nanoclusters. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2309073. [PMID: 37922431 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202309073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
Atomically precise gold nanoclusters (NCs) have emerged as a new class of precision materials and attracted wide interest in recent years. One of the unique properties of such nanoclusters pertains to their photoluminescence (PL), for it can widely span visible to near-infrared-I and -II wavelengths (NIR-I/II), and even beyond 1700 nm by manipulating the size, structure, and composition. The current research efforts focus on the structure-PL correlation and the development of strategies for raising the PL quantum yields, which is nontrivial when moving from the visible to the near-infrared wavelengths, especially in the NIR-II regions. This review summarizes the recent progress in the field, including i) the types of PL observed in gold NCs such as fluorescence, phosphorescence, and thermally activated delayed fluorescence, as well as dual emission; ii) some effective strategies that are devised to improve the PL quantum yield (QY) of gold NCs, such as heterometal doping, surface rigidification, and core phonon engineering, with double-digit QYs for the NIR PL on the horizons; and iii) the applications of luminescent gold NCs in bioimaging, photosensitization, and optoelectronics. Finally, the remaining challenges and opportunities for future research are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
| | - Lianshun Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
| | - Rongchao Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
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13
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Zhang B, Xia C, Hu J, Sheng H, Zhu M. Structure control and evolution of atomically precise gold clusters as heterogeneous precatalysts. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:1526-1538. [PMID: 38168796 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05460h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Metal clusters have distinct features from single atom and nanoparticle (>1 nm) catalysts, making them effective catalysts for various heterogeneous reactions. Nevertheless, the ambiguity and complexity of the catalyst structure preclude in-depth mechanistic studies. The evolution of metal species during synthesis and reaction processes represents another challenge. One effective solution is to precisely control the structure of the metal cluster, thus offering a well-defined pre-catalyst. The well-defined chemical formula and configurations make atomically precise metal nanoclusters optimal choices. To fabricate an atomically precise metal nanocluster-based heterogeneous catalyst with enhanced performance, careful structural design of both the nanocluster and support material, an effective assembling technique, and a pre-treatment method for these hybrids need to be developed. In this review, we summarize recent advances in in the development of heterogeneous catalysts using atomically precise gold and alloy gold nanoclusters as precursors. We will begin with a brief introduction to the structural properties of atomically precise nanoclusters and structure determination of cluster/support hybrids. We will then introduce heterogeneous catalysts prepared from medium size (tens to hundreds of metal atoms) and low nuclearity nanoclusters. We will illustrate how ligand modification, support-cluster interaction, hybrid fabrication, and heteroatom (Pt, Pd Ag, Cu, Cd, Fe) introduction affect the structural properties and pretreatment/reaction-induced structural evolution of gold nanocluster pre-catalysts. Lastly, we will highlight the synthetic method of NCs@MOF hybrids and their effectiveness in circumventing the adverse cluster structural evolution. These findings are expected to shed light on the structure-activity relationship studies and future catalyst design strategies using atomically precise metal nanocluster pre-catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China.
| | - Chengcheng Xia
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China.
| | - Jinhui Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China.
| | - Hongting Sheng
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China.
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China.
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14
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Bose P, Kumaranchira Ramankutty K, Chakraborty P, Khatun E, Pradeep T. A concise guide to chemical reactions of atomically precise noble metal nanoclusters. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:1446-1470. [PMID: 38032061 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05128e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) with atomic precision, known as nanoclusters (NCs), are an emerging field in materials science in view of their fascinating structure-property relationships. Ultrasmall noble metal NPs have molecule-like properties that make them fundamentally unique compared with their plasmonic counterparts and bulk materials. In this review, we present a comprehensive account of the chemistry of monolayer-protected atomically precise noble metal nanoclusters with a focus on the chemical reactions, their diversity, associated kinetics, and implications. To begin with, we briefly review the history of the evolution of such precision materials. Then the review explores the diverse chemistry of noble metal nanoclusters, including ligand exchange reactions, ligand-induced structural transformations, and reactions with metal ions, metal thiolates, and halocarbons. Just as molecules do, these precision materials also undergo intercluster reactions in solution. Supramolecular forces between these systems facilitate the creation of well-defined hierarchical assemblies, composites, and hybrid materials. We conclude the review with a future perspective and scope of such chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulami Bose
- DST Unit of Nanoscience & Thematic Unit of Excellence, HSB 148, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Krishnadas Kumaranchira Ramankutty
- DST Unit of Nanoscience & Thematic Unit of Excellence, HSB 148, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Papri Chakraborty
- DST Unit of Nanoscience & Thematic Unit of Excellence, HSB 148, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Esma Khatun
- DST Unit of Nanoscience & Thematic Unit of Excellence, HSB 148, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Thalappil Pradeep
- DST Unit of Nanoscience & Thematic Unit of Excellence, HSB 148, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, Tamil Nadu, India.
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15
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Kuda-Singappulige GU, Window PS, Hosier CA, Anderson ID, Aikens CM, Ackerson CJ. Chiral and Achiral Crystal Structures of Au 25 (PET) 18 0 Reveal Effects of Ligand Rotational Isomerization on Optoelectronic Properties. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202202760. [PMID: 37955851 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
The crystal structures of 4 ligand-rotational isomers of Au25 (PET)18 are presented. Two new ligand-rotational isomers are revealed, and two higher-quality structures (allowing complete solution of the ligand shell) of previously solved Au25 (PET)18 clusters are also presented. One of the structures lacks an inversion center, making it the first chiral Au25 (SR)18 structure solved. These structures combined with previously published Au25 (SR)18 structures enable an analysis of the empirical ligand conformation landscape for Au25 (SR)18 clusters. This analysis shows that the dihedral angles within the PET ligand are restricted to certain observable values, and also that the dihedral angle values are interdependent, in a manner reminiscent of biomolecule dihedral angles such as those in proteins and DNA. The influence of ligand conformational isomerism on optical and electronic properties was calculated, revealing that the ligand conformations affect the nanocluster absorption spectrum, which potentially provides a way to distinguish between isomers at low temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gowri Udayangani Kuda-Singappulige
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, USA
- Present Address, Unilever Food Innovation Centre Hive, bronland 14, 6708WH, Wageningen, Netherlands
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16
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King RB. Systematics of stable copper and silver clusters protected by small bite chelating bidentate sulfur and selenium ligands related to their polyhedral cavities: analogies to aliphatic compounds and three-dimensional spherical aromatic systems. Dalton Trans 2024. [PMID: 38170867 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03998f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Silver and copper clusters capped by external chelating dithiolate ligands can be classified according to the cavities in their central coinage metal polyhedra. Silver clusters composed exclusively of fused tetrahedra are analogous to simple saturated organic compounds. The only interstitial atom that can be fit into an Ag4 tetrahedron is hydrogen. Silver polyhedra with larger trigonal prismatic or cubic cavities, including highly distorted cubic cavities, can accommodate halide and chalcogenide anions. The still larger 12-vertex icosahedral and cuboctahedral coinage metal cavities can accommodate oxoanions of the types SO32- and SO42- and their heavier congeners or alternatively interstitial coinage or platinum group metals leading to central M'@M12 units. Copper clusters with central cuboctahedra and silver clusters with central icosahedra possessing interstitial metal atoms approximate sphericality and provide examples of electron-rich metal superatoms with an average metal oxidation state of less than +1. Such copper cluster superatoms have two extra electrons corresponding to a filled 1S2 superatomic orbital. The silver cluster superatoms are electron richer with eight extra electrons corresponding to filled 1S2 + 1P6 superatomic orbitals. In these silver clusters seven or eight faces of the central Ag12 icosahedron are capped by additional silver atoms in order to provide these additional electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bruce King
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.
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17
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Ji S, Peng D, Sun F, You Q, Wang R, Yan N, Zhou Y, Wang W, Tang Q, Xia N, Zeng Z, Wu Z. Coexistent, Competing Tunnelling, and Hopping Charge Transport in Compressed Metal Nanocluster Crystals. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:24012-24020. [PMID: 37903430 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Understanding charge transport among metal particles with sizes of approximately 1 nm poses a great challenge due to the ultrasmall nanosize, yet it holds great significance in the development of innovative materials as substitutes for traditional semiconductors, which are insulative and unstable in less than ∼10 nm thickness. Herein, atomically precise gold nanoclusters with well-defined compositions and structures were investigated to establish a mathematical relation between conductivity and interparticle distance. This was accomplished using high-pressure in situ resistance characterizations, synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the Murnaghan equation of state. Based on this precise correlation, it was predicted that the conductivity of Au25(SNap)18 (SNap: 1-naphthalenethiolate) solid is comparable to that of bulk silver when the interparticle distance is reduced to approximately 3.6 Å. Furthermore, the study revealed the coexisting, competing tunneling, and incoherent hopping charge transport mechanisms, which differed from those previously reported. The introduction of conjugation-structured ligands, tuning of the structures of metal nanoclusters, and use of high-pressure techniques contributed to enhanced conductivity, and thus, the charge carrier types were determined using Hall measurements. Overall, this study provides valuable insight into the charge transport in gold nanocluster solids and represents an important advancement in metal nanocluster semiconductor research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Ji
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Di Peng
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Fang Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Qing You
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Runguo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Nan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Weiyi Wang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Qing Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Nan Xia
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China
| | - Zhikun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
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18
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Truttmann V, Loxha A, Banu R, Pittenauer E, Malola S, Matus MF, Wang Y, Ploetz EA, Rupprechter G, Bürgi T, Häkkinen H, Aikens C, Barrabés N. Directing Intrinsic Chirality in Gold Nanoclusters: Preferential Formation of Stable Enantiopure Clusters in High Yield and Experimentally Unveiling the "Super" Chirality of Au 144. ACS NANO 2023; 17:20376-20386. [PMID: 37805942 PMCID: PMC10604085 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Chiral gold nanoclusters offer significant potential for exploring chirality at a fundamental level and for exploiting their applications in sensing and catalysis. However, their widespread use is impeded by low yields in synthesis, tedious separation procedures of their enantiomeric forms, and limited thermal stability. In this study, we investigated the direct synthesis of enantiopure chiral nanoclusters using the chiral ligand 2-MeBuSH in the fabrication of Au25, Au38, and Au144 nanoclusters. Notably, this approach leads to the unexpected formation of intrinsically chiral clusters with high yields for chiral Au38 and Au144 nanoclusters. Experimental evaluation of chiral activity by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy corroborates previous theoretical calculations, highlighting the stronger CD signal exhibited by Au144 compared to Au38 or Au25. Furthermore, the formation of a single enantiomeric form is experimentally confirmed by comparing it with intrinsically chiral Au38(2-PET)24 (2-PET: 2-phenylethanethiol) and is supported theoretically for both Au38 and Au144. Moreover, the prepared chiral clusters show stability against diastereoisomerization, up to temperatures of 80 °C. Thus, our findings not only demonstrate the selective preparation of enantiopure, intrinsically chiral, and highly stable thiolate-protected Au nanoclusters through careful ligand design but also support the predicted "super" chirality in the Au144 cluster, encompassing hierarchical chirality in ligands, staple configuration, and core structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Truttmann
- Institute
of Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/E165, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Adea Loxha
- Institute
of Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/E165, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rareş Banu
- Institute
of Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/E165, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ernst Pittenauer
- Institute
of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt
9/E164, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sami Malola
- Departments
of Physics and Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - María Francisca Matus
- Departments
of Physics and Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Yuchen Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
of America
| | - Elizabeth A. Ploetz
- Department
of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
of America
| | - Günther Rupprechter
- Institute
of Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/E165, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Bürgi
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Hannu Häkkinen
- Departments
of Physics and Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Christine Aikens
- Department
of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
of America
| | - Noelia Barrabés
- Institute
of Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/E165, 1060 Vienna, Austria
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19
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Zuo Z, Hu KJ, Lu S, Hu S, Tang S, Zhang Y, Zhao Z, Zheng D, Song F. Influence of ligands on the optical properties of rod-shaped Au 25 nanoclusters. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:15043-15049. [PMID: 37671432 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03579d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we successfully synthesized rod-shaped [Au25(PPh3)10(S-Adm)5Cl2]2+ nanoclusters using kinetic controls. The complete molecular structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray crystallography and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. In comparison with the previously reported [Au25(PPh3)10(PET)5Cl2]2+ clusters, both nanoclusters have an icosahedral composition of Au13 linked by Au atoms that share a vertex, but [Au25(PPh3)10(S-Adm)5Cl2]2+ clusters appear elongated due to the rigidity of adamantane. We conducted ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (UV-vis) measurements of [Au25(PPh3)10(PET)5Cl2]2+ and [Au25(PPh3)10(S-Adm)5Cl2]2+ in dichloromethane solvent to elucidate the modulation of the cluster properties of different ligands. The lowest energy absorption peak of [Au25(PPh3)10(S-Adm)5Cl2]2+ shifted to lower energies compared to the [Au25(PPh3)10(PET)5Cl2]2+ clusters in UV-vis measurements. Temperature-dependent absorption measurements revealed that [Au25(PPh3)10(S-Adm)5Cl2]2+ clusters were less affected by temperature compared to [Au25(PPh3)10(PET)5Cl2]2+. This result is attributed to the exciton phonon coupling of [Au25(PPh3)10(S-Adm)5Cl2]2+ clusters being weaker than [Au25(PPh3)10(PET)5Cl2]2+ clusters. Furthermore, the absorption spectra of [Au25(PPh3)10(PET)5Cl2]2+ and [Au25(PPh3)10(S-Adm)5Cl2]2+ clusters were measured using different types of solutions, and it was found that the lowest energy absorption peaks of [Au25(PPh3)10(S-Adm)5Cl2]2+ were shifted and affected by the solution at room temperature, which suggested that the [Au25(PPh3)10(S-Adm)5Cl2]2+ clusters with solution hydrogen bonds also interacted strongly at room temperature. Theoretical calculations show that changes in ligands affect the differences in the molecular orbitals and structures of the clusters, which cause changes in the optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zewen Zuo
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
- Atom Manufacturing Institute (AMI), Nanjing 211805, China
| | - Kuo-Juei Hu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
- Atom Manufacturing Institute (AMI), Nanjing 211805, China
| | - Siqi Lu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
- Atom Manufacturing Institute (AMI), Nanjing 211805, China
| | - Shengyong Hu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
- Atom Manufacturing Institute (AMI), Nanjing 211805, China
| | - Sichen Tang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
- Atom Manufacturing Institute (AMI), Nanjing 211805, China
| | - Yongxin Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
- Atom Manufacturing Institute (AMI), Nanjing 211805, China
| | - Zixiang Zhao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
- Atom Manufacturing Institute (AMI), Nanjing 211805, China
| | - Dong Zheng
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
- Atom Manufacturing Institute (AMI), Nanjing 211805, China
| | - Fengqi Song
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
- Atom Manufacturing Institute (AMI), Nanjing 211805, China
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20
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Yan C, Li Y, Wang E, Xu WW. Decoding Chemical Formula to Spatial Conformation: A Structural Study Targeting the [Au 25(SR) 19] 0 Nanocluster. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:7632-7637. [PMID: 37602763 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Structural global searches employing highly efficient algorithms have been extensively applied for studying molecules and clusters. However, the code-aided spatial conformational determination of thiolated gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) has not been accomplished because of the complex structural architecture of AuNCs, especially when only the chemical formula of the cluster is known. Experiments have shown that the star [Au25(SR)18]-1 cluster can transform into the [Au25(SR)19]0 cluster. However, the crystal structure of the [Au25(SR)19]0 cluster has not been experimentally determined, and theoretical structural predictions for this cluster are challenging because no template cluster presents for [Au25(SR)19]0. Utilizing the grand unified model, this study succeeded in obtaining the structure of the [Au25(SR)19]0 cluster by using minimal computations, which was verified to be reasonable through stability analysis and experimental absorption spectrum confirmation. Although the predicted [Au25(SR)19]0 cluster has the same number of Au atoms as the [Au25(SR)18]-1 cluster, the structure is considerably altered, owing to the presence of a face-centered cubic kernel. This study provides insights for decoding the chemical formulas of AuNCs to determine their spatial conformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqiang Yan
- Department of Physics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yanshuang Li
- Department of Physics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Endong Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Wen Wu Xu
- Department of Physics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
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21
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Zou X, Kang X, Zhu M. Recent developments in the investigation of driving forces for transforming coinage metal nanoclusters. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:5892-5967. [PMID: 37577838 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00876a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Metal nanoclusters serve as an emerging class of modular nanomaterials. The transformation of metal nanoclusters has been fully reflected in their studies from every aspect, including the structural evolution analysis, physicochemical property regulation, and practical application promotion. In this review, we highlight the driving forces for transforming atomically precise metal nanoclusters and summarize the related transforming principles and fundamentals. Several driving forces for transforming nanoclusters are meticulously reviewed herein: ligand-exchange-induced transformations, metal-exchange-induced transformations, intercluster reactions, photochemical transformations, oxidation/reduction-induced transformations, and other factors (intrinsic instability, pH, temperature, and metal salts) triggering transformations. The exploitation of transforming principles to customize the preparations, structures, physicochemical properties, and practical applications of metal nanoclusters is also disclosed. At the end of this review, we provide our perspectives and highlight the challenges remaining for future research on the transformation of metal nanoclusters. Our intended audience is the broader scientific community interested in metal nanoclusters, and we believe that this review will provide researchers with a comprehensive synthetic toolbox and insights on the research fundamentals needed to realize more cluster-based nanomaterials with customized compositions, structures, and properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejuan Zou
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.
| | - Xi Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.
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22
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Yu JH, Yuan ZR, Xu J, Wang JG, Azam M, Li TD, Li YZ, Sun D. Monoarsine-protected icosahedral cluster [Au 13(AsPh 3) 8Cl 4] +: comparative studies on ligand effect and surface reactivity with its stibine analogue. Chem Sci 2023; 14:6564-6571. [PMID: 37350827 PMCID: PMC10283507 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01311a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ligand shells of gold nanoclusters play important roles in regulating their molecular and electronic structures. However, the similar but distinct impacts of the homologous analogues of the protecting ligands remain elusive. The C2v symmetric monoarsine-protected cluster [Au13(AsPh3)8Cl4]+ (Au13As8) was facilely prepared by direct reduction of (Ph3As)AuCl with NaBH4. This cluster is isostructural with its previously reported stibine analogue [Au13(SbPh3)8Cl4]+ (Au13Sb8), enabling a comparative study between them. Au13As8 exhibits a blue-shifted electronic absorption band, and this is probably related to the stronger π-back donation interactions between the Au13 core and AsPh3 ligands, which destabilize its superatomic 1P and 1D orbitals. In comparison to the thermodynamically less stable Au13Sb8, Au13As8 achieves a better trade-off between catalytic stability and activity, as demonstrated by its excellent catalytic performance towards the aldehyde-alkyne-amine (A3) coupling reaction. Moreover, the ligand exchange reactions between Au13As8 with phosphines, as exemplified by PPh3 and Ph2P(CH2)2PPh2, suggest that Au13As8 may be a good precursor cluster for further cluster preparation through the "cluster-to-cluster" route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiu-Hong Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Ji'nan 250353 P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Rui Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Ji'nan 250353 P. R. China
| | - Jing Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Ji'nan 250353 P. R. China
| | - Jin-Gui Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Ji'nan 250353 P. R. China
| | - Mohammad Azam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University P. O. Box 2455 Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Tian-Duo Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Ji'nan 250353 P. R. China
| | - Ying-Zhou Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Ji'nan 250353 P. R. China
| | - Di Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University Ji'nan 250100 P. R. China
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23
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Mathew MS, Krishnan G, Mathews AA, Sunil K, Mathew L, Antoine R, Thomas S. Recent Progress on Ligand-Protected Metal Nanoclusters in Photocatalysis. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1874. [PMID: 37368304 DOI: 10.3390/nano13121874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The reckless use of non-replenishable fuels by the growing population for energy and the resultant incessant emissions of hazardous gases and waste products into the atmosphere have insisted that scientists fabricate materials capable of managing these global threats at once. In recent studies, photocatalysis has been employed to focus on utilizing renewable solar energy to initiate chemical processes with the aid of semiconductors and highly selective catalysts. A wide range of nanoparticles has showcased promising photocatalytic properties. Metal nanoclusters (MNCs) with sizes below 2 nm, stabilized by ligands, show discrete energy levels and exhibit unique optoelectronic properties, which are vital to photocatalysis. In this review, we intend to compile information on the synthesis, true nature, and stability of the MNCs decorated with ligands and the varying photocatalytic efficiency of metal NCs concerning changes in the aforementioned domains. The review discusses the photocatalytic activity of atomically precise ligand-protected MNCs and their hybrids in the domain of energy conversion processes such as the photodegradation of dyes, the oxygen evolution reaction (ORR), the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Meegle S Mathew
- School of Energy Materials, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam 686560, India
- Research and Post Graduate Department of Chemistry, Mar Athanasius College, Kothamangalam 686666, India
| | - Greeshma Krishnan
- School of Energy Materials, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam 686560, India
| | - Amita Aanne Mathews
- School of Energy Materials, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam 686560, India
| | - Kevin Sunil
- School of Energy Materials, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam 686560, India
| | - Leo Mathew
- School of Energy Materials, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam 686560, India
| | - Rodolphe Antoine
- Institut Lumière Matière UMR 5306, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sabu Thomas
- School of Energy Materials, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam 686560, India
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24
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Li Y, Zhao S, Zang S. Programmable kernel structures of atomically precise metal nanoclusters for tailoring catalytic properties. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2023; 3:20220005. [PMID: 37933377 PMCID: PMC10624382 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20220005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
The unclear structures and polydispersity of metal nanoparticles (NPs) seriously hamper the identification of the active sites and the construction of structure-reactivity relationships. Fortunately, ligand-protected metal nanoclusters (NCs) with atomically precise structures and monodispersity have become an ideal candidate for understanding the well-defined correlations between structure and catalytic property at an atomic level. The programmable kernel structures of atomically precise metal NCs provide a fantastic chance to modulate their size, shape, atomic arrangement, and electron state by the precise modulating of the number, type, and location of metal atoms. Thus, the special focus of this review highlights the most recent process in tailoring the catalytic activity and selectivity over metal NCs by precisely controlling their kernel structures. This review is expected to shed light on the in-depth understanding of metal NCs' kernel structures and reactivity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya‐Hui Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Material, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostical Cluster Materials, Green Catalysis Center and College of ChemistryZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouP. R. China
| | - Shu‐Na Zhao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Material, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostical Cluster Materials, Green Catalysis Center and College of ChemistryZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouP. R. China
| | - Shuang‐Quan Zang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Material, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostical Cluster Materials, Green Catalysis Center and College of ChemistryZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouP. R. China
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25
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Horita Y, Ishimi M, Negishi Y. Anion-templated silver nanoclusters: precise synthesis and geometric structure. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2023; 24:2203832. [PMID: 37251258 PMCID: PMC10215029 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2023.2203832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Metal nanoclusters (NCs) are gaining much attention in nanoscale materials research because they exhibit size-specific physicochemical properties that are not observed in the corresponding bulk metals. Among them, silver (Ag) NCs can be precisely synthesized not only as pure Ag NCs but also as anion-templated Ag NCs. For anion-templated Ag NCs, we can expect the following capabilities: 1) size and shape control by regulating the central anion (anion template); 2) stabilization by adjusting the charge interaction between the central anion and surrounding Ag atoms; and 3) functionalization by selecting the type of central anion. In this review, we summarize the synthesis methods and influences of the central anion on the geometric structure of anion-templated Ag NCs, which include halide ions, chalcogenide ions, oxoanions, polyoxometalate, or hydride/deuteride as the central anion. This summary provides a reference for the current state of anion-templated Ag NCs, which may promote the development of anion-templated Ag NCs with novel geometric structures and physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Horita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
| | - Mai Ishimi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
| | - Yuichi Negishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
- Research Institute for Science & Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
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26
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Knoppe S, Muñoz-Castro A. Intermediate Silver Doping of Au 25(SR) 18: Variation of Electronic, Optical, and Chiroptical Properties along Au 25-xAg x(SH) 18- ( x = 0-12) Stoichiometry from DFT Calculations. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:7079-7086. [PMID: 37104868 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
The silver analogue of the prominent Au25(SR)18 nanocluster reveals the possibility of finding "gold"-like behavior despite their different nature, in addition to the common features among molecular AgNP. Herein, we explore the effect of successive additions of silver atoms reaching an intermediate Ag/Au doping ratio where the parent gold cluster exhibits properties from both elements. Our results show a more favorable situation as the Ag/Au ratio increases along the Au25-xAgx(SH)18- (x = 0-12) clusters, with structural distortions mainly centered at the ligand-protected shell. The calculated optical spectrum shows that from the Au19Ag6 species, a plasmon-like peak appears along species with a doping ratio above 25%, where all the silver atoms are located within the M12 icosahedron. In addition, the chiral properties were explored, showing mild optical activity from the calculated circular dichroism spectra due to the distorted ligand-shell avoiding a centrosymmetric structure. Thus, an intermediate doping ratio ascribed to a specific structural layer can recover inherent properties to both elements in the binary Au25-xAgx(SH)18- series, suggesting the possibility of having clusters with dual properties at a certain degree of element exchange. This can be useful for further exploration theoretically and synthetically toward different and larger-nuclearity clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Knoppe
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, Stuttgart, Baden-Wurttemberg 70569, Germany
| | - Alvaro Muñoz-Castro
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Arquitectura y Diseño, Universidad San Sebastián, Bellavista 7, Santiago 8420524, Chile
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27
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Peng J, Pei Y. Exploration of the Atomic Pathway of Seed-Mediated Growth from Icosahedral [Au 25(SR) 18] - to Bi-Icosahedral Au 38(SR) 24 and Au 44(SR) 26 Clusters Based on the 2 e- Hopping Mechanism. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:6233-6241. [PMID: 37036896 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Size growth is ubiquitous in the gold nanocluster synthesis. However, the atomic-level mechanism of seed-mediated growth of gold clusters remains mysterious. In this study, the seed-mediated growth pathway from the icosahedral [Au25(SR)18]- cluster to the bi-icosahedral Au38(SR)24 and Au44(SR)26 clusters is studied based on the two-electron (2e-) hopping mechanism. First, atomic structures of three key intermediate clusters, [Au29(SR)20]-, [Au33(SR)22]-, and Au41(SR)25, are predicted based on the 2e--unit decomposition strategy. The theoretically simulated UV-Vis spectra based on the predicted structure model of [Au29(SR)20]- and [Au33(SR)22]- matched well with the experimental curves reported previously. Based on the predicted intermediate cluster structures, the size growth pathway from the eight-electron (8e-) [Au25(SR)18]- cluster to 14-electron (14e-) Au38(SR)24 and 18-electron (18e-) Au44(SR)26 clusters is determined. In the step of formation of bi-icosahedral Au38(SR)24 from icosahedral [Au25(SR)18]-, two Au4 units are first formed. The third 2e- hopping step results in formation of an icosahedron unit. The present studies offered new insights into the formation and size conversion mechanism of ligand-protected gold nanoclusters containing icosahedral cores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Peng
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan Province 411105, China
| | - Yong Pei
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan Province 411105, China
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28
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Khatun M, Paul S, Roy S, Dey S, Anoop A. Performance of Density Functionals and Semiempirical 3c Methods for Small Gold-Thiolate Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:2242-2257. [PMID: 36877153 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c07561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
In light of the recent surge in computational studies of gold thiolate clusters, we present a comparison of popular density functionals (DFAs) and three-part corrected methods (3c-methods) on their performance by taking a data set named as AuSR18 consisting of 18 isomers of Aun(SCH3)m (m ≤ n = 1-3). We have compared the efficiency and accuracy of the DFAs and 3c-methods in geometry optimization with RI-SCS-MP2 as the reference method. Similarly, the performance for accurate and efficient energy evaluation was compared with DLPNO-CCSD(T) as the reference method. The lowest energy structure among the isomers of the largest stoichiometry from our data set, AuSR18, i.e., Au3(SCH3)3, is considered to evaluate the computational time for SCF and gradient evaluations. Alongside this, the numbers of optimization steps to locate the most stable minima of Au3(SCH3)3 are compared to assess the efficiency of the methods. A comparison of relevant bond lengths with the reference geometries was made to estimate the accuracy in geometry optimization. Some methods, such as LC-BLYP, ωB97M-D3BJ, M06-2X, and PBEh-3c, could not locate many of the minima found by most of the other methods; thus, the versatility in locating various minima is also an important criterion in choosing a method for the given project. To determine the accuracy of the methods, we compared the relative energies of the isomers in each stoichiometry and the interaction energy of the gold core with the ligands. The dependence of basis set size and relativistic effects on energies are also compared. The following are some of the highlights. TPSS has shown accuracy, while mPWPW shows comparable speed and accuracy. For the relative energies of the clusters, the hybrid range-separated DFAs are the best option. CAM-B3LYP excels, whereas B3LYP performs poorly. Overall, LC-BLYP is a balanced performer considering both the geometry and relative stability of the structures, but it lacks diversity. The 3c-methods, although fast, are less impressive in relative stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Khatun
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Sayan Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Saikat Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Subhasis Dey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Anakuthil Anoop
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
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29
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Li S, Du X, Liu Z, Li Y, Shao Y, Jin R. Size Effects of Atomically Precise Gold Nanoclusters in Catalysis. PRECISION CHEMISTRY 2023; 1:14-28. [PMID: 37025974 PMCID: PMC10069034 DOI: 10.1021/prechem.3c00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of ligand-protected, atomically precise gold nanoclusters (NCs) in recent years has attracted broad interest in catalysis due to their well-defined atomic structures and intriguing properties. Especially, the precise formulas of NCs provide an opportunity to study the size effects at the atomic level without complications by the polydispersity in conventional nanoparticles that obscures the relationship between the size/structure and properties. Herein, we summarize the catalytic size effects of atomically precise, thioate-protected gold NCs in the range of tens to hundreds of metal atoms. The catalytic reactions include electrochemical catalysis, photocatalysis, and thermocatalysis. With the precise sizes and structures, the fundamentals underlying the size effects are analyzed, such as the surface area, electronic properties, and active sites. In the catalytic reactions, one or more factors may exert catalytic effects simultaneously, hence leading to different catalytic-activity trends with the size change of NCs. The summary of literature work disentangles the underlying fundamental mechanisms and provides insights into the size effects. Future studies will lead to further understanding of the size effects and shed light on the catalytic active sites and ultimately promote catalyst design at the atomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Site Li
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Xiangsha Du
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Zhongyu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Yingwei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Yucai Shao
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Rongchao Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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30
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Monti M, Brancolini G, Coccia E, Toffoli D, Fortunelli A, Corni S, Aschi M, Stener M. The Conformational Dynamics of the Ligands Determines the Electronic Circular Dichroism of the Chiral Au 38(SC 2H 4Ph) 24 Cluster. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:1941-1948. [PMID: 36787099 PMCID: PMC9940292 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Effects of the conformational dynamics of 2-PET protective ligands on the electronic circular dichroism (ECD) of the chiral Au38(SC2H4Ph)24 cluster are investigated. We adopt a computational protocol in which ECD spectra are calculated via the first principle polTDDFT approach on a series of conformations extracted from MD simulations by using Essential Dynamics (ED) analysis, and then properly weighted to predict the final spectrum. We find that the experimental spectral features are well reproduced, whereas significant discrepancies arise when the spectrum is calculated using the experimental X-ray structure. This result unambiguously demonstrates the need to account for the conformational effects in the ECD modeling of chiral nanoclusters. The present procedure proved to be able of capturing the essential conformational features of the dynamic Au38(SC2H4Ph)24 system, opening the possibility to model the ECD of soluble chiral nanoclusters in a realistic way.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Monti
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università
di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - G. Brancolini
- Istituto
Nanoscienze, CNR-NANO, Center S3, Via G. Campi 213/A, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - E. Coccia
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università
di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - D. Toffoli
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università
di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - A. Fortunelli
- CNR-ICCOM, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - S. Corni
- Istituto
Nanoscienze, CNR-NANO, Center S3, Via G. Campi 213/A, 41100 Modena, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università di
Padova, Via Francesco Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M. Aschi
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, Università
dell’Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100, l’Aquila, Italy
| | - M. Stener
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università
di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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31
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Nakamura K, Ito S, Koyasu K, Tsukuda T. Effect of total charge on the electronic structure of thiolate-protected X@Ag 12 superatoms (X = Ag, Au). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:5955-5959. [PMID: 36649091 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05079j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Electronic structures of chemically synthesized silver-based clusters [XAg16(TBBT)12]3- (X = Ag or Au; TBBT = 4-tert-butylbenzenethiolate) having an icosahedral X@Ag12 superatomic core were studied by gas-phase photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. The electron binding energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) with a 1P superatomic nature was determined to be 0.23 and 0.29 eV for X = Ag or Au, respectively. Resonant tunnelling electron emission through the repulsive Coulomb barrier (RCB) was observed. From the kinetic energy of the tunnelling electrons, it was estimated that the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) was supported at 1.51 and 1.62 eV above the vacuum level by the RCB for X = Ag or Au, respectively. The HOMO of [XAg16(TBBT)12]3- (X = Ag or Au) was destabilized by 3.74 and 3.71 eV, respectively, compared with those of [XAg24(DMBT)18]- (DMBT = 2,4-dimethylbenzenethiolate) having the icosahedral X@Ag12 core due to the larger negative charge imparted by the ligand layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsunosuke Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Shun Ito
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Kiichirou Koyasu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Tsukuda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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Nanomechanical and structural study of Au38 nanocluster Langmuir-Blodgett films using bimodal atomic force microscopy and X-ray reflectivity. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 630:28-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.10.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Yao Y, Ugras TJ, Meyer T, Dykes M, Wang D, Arbe A, Bals S, Kahr B, Robinson RD. Extracting Pure Circular Dichroism from Hierarchically Structured CdS Magic Cluster Films. ACS NANO 2022; 16:20457-20469. [PMID: 36395373 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c06730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Chiroptically active, hierarchically structured materials are difficult to accurately characterize due to linear anisotropic contributions (i.e., linear dichroism (LD) and linear birefringence (LB)) and parasitic ellipticities that produce artifactual circular dichroism (CD) signals, in addition to chiral analyte contributions ranging from molecular-scale clusters to micron-sized assemblies. Recently, we have shown that CdS magic-sized clusters (MSC) can self-assemble into ordered films that have a hierarchical structure spanning seven orders of length-scale. These films have a strong CD response, but the chiral origins are obfuscated by the hierarchical architecture and LDLB contributions. Here, we derive and demonstrate a method for extracting the "pure" CD signal (CD generated by structural dissymmetry) from hierarchical MSC films and identified the chiral origin. The theory behind the method is derived using Mueller matrix and Stokes vector conventions and verified experimentally before being applied to hierarchical MSC and nanoparticle films with varying macroscopic orderings. Each film's extracted "true CD" shares a bisignate profile aligned with the exciton peak, indicating the assemblies adopt a chiral arrangement and form an exciton coupled system. Interestingly, the linearly aligned MSC film possesses one of the highest g-factors (0.05) among semiconducting nanostructures reported. Additionally, we find that films with similar electronic transition dipole alignment can possess greatly different g-factors, indicating chirality change rather than anisotropy is the cause of the difference in the CD signal. The difference in g-factor is controllable via film evaporation geometry. This study provides a simple means to measure "true" CD and presents an example of experimentally understanding chiroptic interactions in hierarchical nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York14853, United States
| | - Thomas J Ugras
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York14853, United States
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, New York14853, United States
| | - Talisi Meyer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York14853, United States
| | - Matthew Dykes
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York14853, United States
| | - Da Wang
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT) and NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, 2020Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Arantxa Arbe
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Materials Physics Center MPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, E-20018San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Sara Bals
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT) and NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, 2020Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bart Kahr
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York City, New York10003, United States
| | - Richard D Robinson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York14853, United States
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, New York14853, United States
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34
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Ito E, Ito S, Takano S, Nakamura T, Tsukuda T. Supervalence Bonding in Bi-icosahedral Cores of [M 1Au 37(SC 2H 4Ph) 24] - (M = Pd and Pt): Fusion-Mediated Synthesis and Anion Photoelectron Spectroscopy. JACS AU 2022; 2:2627-2634. [PMID: 36465538 PMCID: PMC9709954 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Au38(PET)24 (PET = SC2H4Ph) is known to have a bi-icosahedral Au23 core consisting of two Au13 icosahedrons by sharing three Au atoms. Previous theoretical studies based on a supervalence bond (SVB) model have demonstrated that the bonding scheme in the Au23 core is similar to that in the F2 molecule. The SVB model predicted that the electron configuration of the Au23 core with 14 valence electrons is expressed as (1Σ)2(1Σ*)2(1Π)4(2Σ)2(1Π*)4 where each orbital is created by the bonding and antibonding interactions between the 1S and 1P superatomic orbitals of the icosahedral Au13 units. Therefore, the bi-icosahedral Au23 can be viewed as a di-superatomic molecule. To validate the SVB model, we herein conducted anion photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) on [M1Au37(PET)24]- (M = Pd and Pt), which are isoelectronic and isostructural with Au38(PET)24. To this end, the neutral precursors [M1Au37(PET)24]0 were first synthesized by fusion reactions between hydride-doped clusters [HAu9(PPh3)8]2+ and [M1Au24(PET)18]-. The formation of bi-icosahedral M1Au22 cores with open electronic structure in [M1Au37(PET)24]0 was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and electron paramagnetic resonance measurement. Then, the target anions [M1Au37(PET)24]- were obtained by reducing [M1Au37(PET)24]0 with NaBH4, and isoelectronicity with [Au38(PET)24]0 was confirmed by optical spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. Finally, anion PES on [M1Au37(PET)24]- observed two distinctive peaks as predicted by the SVB model: one from the nearly degenerate 1Π* orbitals and the other from the nearly degenarate 1Π and 2Σ orbitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Ito
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shun Ito
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shinjiro Takano
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | | | - Tatsuya Tsukuda
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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35
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Laird M, Herrmann N, Carcel C, Trens P, Oliviero E, Toquer G, Le Parc R, Bantignies JL, Bartlett JR, Wong Chi Man M. Mesoporous organosilicas with thiol functionalised pores: multifunctional dendrimers as sacrificial building block and template. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:15617-15634. [PMID: 36070553 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr03097g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of multifunctional poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM)-based dendrimers containing a cleavable disulfide linker within each arm of the dendrimer, together with condensable triethoxysilyl groups on the periphery of the dendrimer, is described. The dendrimers were mixed with 1,4-bis(triethoxysilyl)benzene and subsequently transformed into silsesquioxane gels or periodic mesoporous organosilicas (PMOs) to generate materials with dendrimers covalently embedded within the interior of the silsesquioxane networks. Subsequent treatment of the gels with dithiothreitol enabled the core of the dendrimers to be selectively cleaved at the disulfide site, thus generating thiol functions localised within the pores. The effect of different dendrimer generations on the reactivity of the pendant thiol functions was probed by impregnation with gold salts, which were reduced to obtain gold nanoparticles within the pore networks of the gels and PMOs. The gels yielded polydisperse gold nanoparticles (2 to 70 nm) with dimensions modulated by the generation of the dendrimer, together with well-defined gold/thiolate clusters with Au⋯S distances of 2.3 Å. Such clusters were also observed in the PMO system, together with monodispersed gold nanoparticles with diameters comparable to that of the organised pores in the PMO. The role of surface functionalisation in controlling the formation of gold clusters and/or nanoparticles is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Laird
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France.
| | | | - Carole Carcel
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France.
| | - Philippe Trens
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France.
| | | | | | - Rozenn Le Parc
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), CNRS-Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - John R Bartlett
- Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
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36
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37
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Yang D, Wang J, Wang Q, Yuan Z, Dai Y, Zhou C, Wan X, Zhang Q, Yang Y. Electrocatalytic CO 2 Reduction over Atomically Precise Metal Nanoclusters Protected by Organic Ligands. ACS NANO 2022; 16:15681-15704. [PMID: 36121680 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c06059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) is a promising method to realize carbon recycling and sustainable development because of its mild reaction conditions and capability to utilize the electric power generated by renewable energy such as solar, wind, or tidal energy to produce high-value-added liquid fuels and chemicals. However, it is still a great challenge to deeply understand the reaction mechanism of CO2RRs involving multiple chemical processes and multiple products due to the complexity of the traditional catalyst's surface. Organic ligand-protected metal nanoclusters (NCs) with accurate compositions and definite atom packing structures show advantages for revealing the reaction mechanism of CO2RRs. This Review focuses on the recent progress in CO2RRs catalyzed by atomically precise metal NCs, including gold, copper, and silver NCs. Particularly, the influences of charge, ligand, surface structure, doping of Au NCs, and binders on the CO2RR are discussed in detail. Meanwhile the reaction mechanisms of CO2RRs including the active sites and the key reaction intermediates are also discussed. It is expected that progress in this research area could promote the development of metal NCs and CO2RRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Qiaojuan Wang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Zhaotong Yuan
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yihu Dai
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Chunmei Zhou
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xiaoyue Wan
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Qichun Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & Centre of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films, City University of Hong Kong, Hongkong 610200, China
| | - Yanhui Yang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
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38
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Zhou C, Pan P, Wei X, Lin Z, Chen C, Kang X, Zhu M. Horizontal expansion of biicosahedral M 13-based nanoclusters: resolving decades-long questions. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2022; 7:1397-1403. [PMID: 36196687 DOI: 10.1039/d2nh00321j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
For metal nanoclusters with the "cluster of clusters" intramolecular evolution pattern, most efforts have been made towards the vertical superposition of icosahedral nanobuilding blocks (e.g., from mono-icosahedral Au13 to bi-icosahedral Au25 and tri-icosahedral Au37), while the horizontal expansion of these rod-shaped multi-icosahedral aggregates was largely neglected. We herein report the horizontal expansion of the biicosahedral M25 cluster framework, yielding an [Au19Ag12(S-Adm)6(DPPM)6Cl7]2+ nanocluster that contains an Au13Ag12 kernel and six Au1(DPPM)1(S-Adm)1 peripheral wings. The structural determination of [Au19Ag12(S-Adm)6(DPPM)6Cl7]2+ resolved a decades-long question towards rod-shaped multi-icosahedral aggregates: how to load bidentate phosphine and bulky thiol ligands onto the nanocluster framework? The structural comparison between [Au19Ag12(S-Adm)6(DPPM)6Cl7]2+ and previously reported [Au13Ag12(PPh3)10Cl8]2+ or [Au13Ag12(SR)5(PPh3)10Cl2]2+ rationalized the unique packing of Au1(DPPM)1(S-Adm)1 motif structures on the surface of the former nanocluster. Overall, this work presents the horizontal expansion of rod-shaped multi-icosahedral nanoclusters, which provides new insights into the preparation of novel icosahedron-based aggregates with both vertically and horizontally growing extensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjun Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Peiyao Pan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Wei
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Zidong Lin
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China
| | - Xi Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
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39
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Wang Y, Li A, Pinkerton J, Aikens CM. Effects of Diglyme on Au Nanocluster Formation: Mechanism, 1H NMR, and Bonding. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:7598-7605. [PMID: 36223604 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c04218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recently, diglyme was applied as a solvent in the synthesis of a luminescent gold-thiolate nanocluster. However, the interactions between the diglyme and the gold nanocluster and the intrinsic mechanism of the diglyme-assisted nanocluster growth have not been examined. In this work, we use density functional theory (DFT) to propose a plausible pathway for diglyme-assisted Au(I)-thiolate synthesis; the reaction energies are found to be negative in every step. 1H NMR calculations are applied to characterize how the environment arising from different gold motifs affects the chemical shifts of the protons on diglyme, which experience strong downfield shifts. Extended transition state-natural orbitals for chemical valence (ETS-NOCV) theory is also utilized to examine the interactions between diglyme and gold clusters as well as a Au20(SR)15 nanocluster. Our work demonstrates that diglyme can play an important role in the synthetic mechanism yielding gold nanoclusters and provides insights into the diglyme-nanocluster binding motifs and resulting NMR chemical shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Alice Li
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bates College, Lewiston, Maine 04240, United States
| | - Jacqueline Pinkerton
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States.,Natural Sciences Programs, Pensacola Christian College, Pensacola, Florida 32503, United States
| | - Christine M Aikens
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
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40
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Liu X, Yang H, Chen Y, Yang Y, Porcar L, Radulescu A, Guldin S, Jin R, Stellacci F, Luo Z. Quantifying the Solution Structure of Metal Nanoclusters Using Small‐Angle Neutron Scattering. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202209751. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xindi Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials Department of Biomedical Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong China
| | - Huayan Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering Health Science Center Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong China
| | - Yuxiang Chen
- Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | - Ye Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering University College London London WC1E 7JE UK
| | - Lionel Porcar
- Institut Laue-Langevin BP 156 38042 Grenoble CEDEX 9 France
| | - Aurel Radulescu
- Jülich Center for Neutron Science JCNS at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH 85747 Garching Germany
| | - Stefan Guldin
- Department of Chemical Engineering University College London London WC1E 7JE UK
| | - Rongchao Jin
- Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | - Francesco Stellacci
- Institute of Materials École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Zhi Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials Department of Biomedical Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong China
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41
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Yan C, Yi J, Wang P, Li D, Cheng L. Assembling Au 4 Tetrahedra to 2D and 3D Superatomic Crystals Based on Superatomic-Network Model. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:32708-32716. [PMID: 36120006 PMCID: PMC9476519 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Thiolate-protected gold nanoclusters (denoted as Au m (SR) n or Au n L m ) have received extensive attention both experimentally and theoretically. Understanding the growth mode of the Au4 unit in Au m (SR) n is of great significance for experimental synthesis and the search for new gold clusters. In this work, we first build six clusters of Au7(AuCl2)3, Au12(AuCl2)4, Au16(AuCl2)6, Au22(AuCl2)6, and Au30(AuCl2)6 with the Au4 unit as the basic building blocks. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that these newly designed clusters have high structural and electronic stabilities. Based on chemical bonding analysis, the electronic structures of these clusters follow the superatom network (SAN) model. Inspired by the cluster structures, we further predicted an Au4 two-dimensional (2D) monolayer and a three-dimensional (3D) crystal using graphene and diamond as templates, respectively. The computational results demonstrate that the two structures have high dynamic, thermal, and mechanical stabilities, and both structures exhibit metallic properties according to the band structures calculated at the HSE06 level. The chemical bonding analysis by the solid-state natural density partitioning (SSAdNDP) method indicates that they are superatomic crystals assembled by two electron Au4 - superatoms. With this construction strategy, the new bonding pattern and properties of Au n L m are studied and the structure types of gold are enriched.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yan
- Department
of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials of
Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China
| | - Jiuqi Yi
- Department
of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials of
Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials of
Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China
| | - Dan Li
- Department
of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials of
Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China
| | - Longjiu Cheng
- Department
of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials of
Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China
- Key
Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Anhui University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
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42
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Liu X, Yang H, Chen Y, Yang Y, Porcar L, Radulescu A, Guldin S, Jin R, Stellacci F, Luo Z. Quantifying the Solution Structure of Metal Nanoclusters Using Small‐Angle Neutron Scattering. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202209751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xindi Liu
- Southern University of Science and Technology department of biomedical engineering CHINA
| | - Huayang Yang
- Shenzhen University department of medicine CHINA
| | - Yuxiang Chen
- Carnegie Mellon University department of chemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Ye Yang
- University College London department of chemical engineering UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Lionel Porcar
- Institut Laue-Langevin large scale structure group FRANCE
| | - Aurel Radulescu
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Jülich Centre for Neutron Science: Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH Julich Centre for Neutron Science Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) CHINA
| | - Stefan Guldin
- University College London department of chemical engineering UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Rongchao Jin
- Carnegie Mellon University department of chemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Francesco Stellacci
- EPFL: Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne Supramolecular NanoMaterials and Interfaces Laboratory SWITZERLAND
| | - Zhi Luo
- SUSTech: Southern University of Science and Technology Biomedical Engineering Xueyuan Avenue 1088HCI J392 Shenzhen CHINA
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43
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Geometric and electronic structure analyses on three Au42(SR)26 isomers. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.139804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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44
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Wang E, Ding J, Han W, Luan S. Structural Prediction of Anion Thiolate Protected Gold Clusters of [Au 28+7n(SR) 17+3n] − (n = 0-4). J Chem Phys 2022; 157:124303. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0105226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural prediction of thiolate-protected gold nanocluster (AuNCs) with diverse charge states can enrich the understanding of this species. Till now, most expementally synthesized or theoretically predicted AuNCs structures own neutral total charge. In this work, a series of gold nanoclusters with negative total charge including [Au28(SR)17]−, [Au35(SR)20]−, [Au42(SR)23]−, [Au49(SR)26]−, and [Au56(SR)29]− are designed. Following crystallized [Au23(SR)16]- prototype structure, the inner core of the newly predicted clusters are obtained through packing crossed Au7. Next, proper protecting thiolate ligands are arranged to fullfil the duet rule to obtain Au3(2e) and Au4(2e). Extensive analysis indicates these cluster own high stabilities. Molecular orbital analysis shows that the orbitals for the populations of the valence electron locate at each Au3(2e) and Au4(2e), which demonstrates the reliability the GUM model. This work should be helpful for enriching the structural diversity of AuNCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endong Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, China
| | - Junxia Ding
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | | | - Shixia Luan
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
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45
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Liu X, Wang E, Zhou M, Wan Y, Zhang Y, Liu H, Zhao Y, Li J, Gao Y, Zhu Y. Asymmetrically Doping a Platinum Atom into a Au 38 Nanocluster for Changing the Electron Configuration and Reactivity in Electrocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207685. [PMID: 35638166 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
It is an obstacle to precisely manipulate a doped heteroatom into a desired position in a metal nanocluster. Herein, we overcome this difficulty to obtain Pt1 Au37 (SCH2 Pht Bu)24 and Pt2 Au36 (SCH2 Pht Bu)24 nanoclusters via controllably doping Pt atoms into the kernels of Au38 (SCH2 Pht Bu)24 . We reveal that asymmetrical doping of one Pt atom into either of the cores of Au38 (SCH2 Pht Bu)24 elevates the relative energy of the HOMO (highest occupied molecular orbital) accompanied by one valence electron loss of Pt1 Au37 (SCH2 Pht Bu)24 , compared to Au38 (SCH2 Pht Bu)24 with 14 electrons, while symmetrical doping of two Pt atoms into the cores of Au38 (SCH2 Pht Bu)24 narrows the HOMO-LUMO gap (LUMO: lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) of Pt2 Au36 (SCH2 Pht Bu)24 with two valence electrons less. Consequently, Pt1 Au37 (SCH2 Pht Bu)24 shows an electron-spin-induced high activity for CO2 electroreduction, whereas Pt2 Au36 (SCH2 Pht Bu)24 is least efficient and Au38 (SCH2 Pht Bu)24 has a decent performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Liu
- Key Lab of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE and Jiangsu Key Lab of Vehicle Emissions Control, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Endong Wang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Meng Zhou
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yan Wan
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yuankun Zhang
- Key Lab of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE and Jiangsu Key Lab of Vehicle Emissions Control, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Haoqi Liu
- Key Lab of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE and Jiangsu Key Lab of Vehicle Emissions Control, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Key Lab of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE and Jiangsu Key Lab of Vehicle Emissions Control, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Jin Li
- Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yi Gao
- Interdisciplinary Research Center, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Key Lab of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE and Jiangsu Key Lab of Vehicle Emissions Control, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
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46
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Pensa E, Azofra LM, Salvarezza RC, Carro P. Effect of Ligands on the Stability of Gold Nanoclusters. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:6475-6480. [PMID: 35816759 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) are atomic architectures that can be precisely tailored for catalytic applications. In this work, we studied two benchmark AuNCs, Au25(SR)18 and Au144(SR)60, covered by aromatic and aliphatic ligands to envision how the 3D structure of the ligand impacts the stability of the nanomaterial. Surprisingly, we found that increasing the alkanethiol length has a poor or null effect on the stability of the AuNCs, a trend opposite to that on Au(111) surfaces. When considering the aromatic or aliphatic nature, the AuNC stability follows the same trend as on Au(111): the thermodynamical stability is dictated by the ligand density rather than its chemical nature, where the aliphatic ligand imparts more stability than the aromatic one. Our findings provide a tool to predict how an ultrasmall gold core can interact with the environment, substrate, and themselves according to the stability of its protecting ligand shell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelina Pensa
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Luis Miguel Azofra
- Instituto de Estudios Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (i-UNAT), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Campus de Tafira, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Roberto C Salvarezza
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Pilar Carro
- Área de Química Física, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna, Instituto de Materiales y Nanotecnología, 38200 La Laguna, Spain
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47
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Gunawardene PN, Martin J, Wong JM, Ding Z, Corrigan JF, Workentin MS. Controlling the Structure, Properties and Surface Reactivity of Clickable Azide‐Functionalized Au
25
(SR)
18
Nanocluster Platforms Through Regioisomeric Ligand Modifications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205194. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Praveen N. Gunawardene
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research Western University London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Julia Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research Western University London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Jonathan M. Wong
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research Western University London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Zhifeng Ding
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research Western University London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - John F. Corrigan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research Western University London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Mark S. Workentin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research Western University London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
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48
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Suzuki W, Takahata R, Chiga Y, Kikkawa S, Yamazoe S, Mizuhata Y, Tokitoh N, Teranishi T. Control over Ligand-Exchange Positions of Thiolate-Protected Gold Nanoclusters Using Steric Repulsion of Protecting Ligands. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:12310-12320. [PMID: 35776692 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Organic ligands on gold nanoclusters play important roles in regulating the structures of gold cores. However, the impact of the number and positions of the protecting ligands on gold-core structures remains unclear. We isolated thiolate-protected Au25 cluster anions, [Au25(SC2Ph)17(Por)1]- and [Au25(SC2Ph)16(Por)2]- (SC2Ph = 2-phenylethanethiolate), obtained by ligand exchange of [Au25(SC2Ph)18]- with one or two porphyrinthiolate (Por) ligands as mixtures of regioisomers. The ratio of two regioisomers in [Au25(SC2Ph)17(Por)1]- as measured by 1H NMR spectroscopy revealed that the selectivity could be controlled by the steric hindrance of the incoming thiols. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure studies of a series of porphyrin-coordinated gold nanoclusters clarified that the Au13 icosahedral core in the Au25 cluster was distorted through steric repulsion between porphyrin thiolates and phenylethanethiolates. This paper reveals interesting insights into the importance of the steric structures of protecting ligands for control over core structures in gold nanoclusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Suzuki
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Ryo Takahata
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.,Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yuki Chiga
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Soichi Kikkawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Seiji Yamazoe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Mizuhata
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.,Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.,Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Norihiro Tokitoh
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.,Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.,Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Teranishi
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.,Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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49
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Li Y, Song Y, Zhang X, Liu T, Xu T, Wang H, Jiang DE, Jin R. Atomically Precise Au 42 Nanorods with Longitudinal Excitons for an Intense Photothermal Effect. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:12381-12389. [PMID: 35767839 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Metallic-state gold nanorods are well known to exhibit strong longitudinal plasmon excitations in the near-infrared region (NIR) suitable for photothermal conversion. However, when the size decreases below ∼2 nm, Au nanostructures become nonmetallic, and whether the longitudinal excitation in plasmonic nanorods can be inherited is unknown. Here, we report atomically precise rod-shaped Au42(SCH2Ph)32 with a hexagonal-close-packed Au20 kernel of aspect ratio as high as 6.2, which exhibits an intense absorption at 815 nm with a high molar absorption coefficient of 1.4 × 105 M-1 cm-1. Compared to other rod-shaped nanoclusters, Au42 possesses a much more effective photothermal conversion with a large temperature increase of ∼27 °C within 5 min (λex = 808 nm, 1 W cm-2) at an ultralow concentration of 50 μg mL-1 in toluene. Density functional theory calculations show that the NIR transition is mainly along the long axis of the Au20 kernel in Au42, i.e., a longitudinal excitonic oscillation, akin to the longitudinal plasmon in metallic-state nanorods. Transient absorption spectroscopy reveals that the fast decay in Au42 is similar to that of shorter-aspect-ratio nanorods but is followed by an additional slow decay with a long lifetime of 2400 ns for the Au42 nanorod. This work provides the first case that an intense longitudinal excitation is obtained in molecular-like nanorods, which can be used as photothermal converters and hold potential in biomedical therapy, photoacoustic imaging, and photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingwei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Yongbo Song
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Research and Engineering Center of Biomedical Materials, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Xinwen Zhang
- Department of Physics, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Tongyu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Tingting Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Research and Engineering Center of Biomedical Materials, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - He Wang
- Department of Physics, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - De-En Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Rongchao Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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50
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Della Pergola R, Garlaschelli L, Macchi P, Facchinetti I, Ruffo R, Racioppi S, Sironi A. From Small Metal Clusters to Molecular Nanoarchitectures with a Core-Shell Structure: The Synthesis, Redox Fingerprint, Theoretical Analysis, and Solid-State Structure of [Co 38As 12(CO) 50] 4. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:9888-9896. [PMID: 35731613 PMCID: PMC9937531 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The cluster [Co38As12(CO)50]4- was obtained by pyrolysis of [Co6As(CO)16]-. The metal cage features a closed-packed core inside a Co/As shell that progressively deforms from a cubic face-centered symmetry. The redox and acid-base reactivities were determined by cyclic voltammetry and spectrophotometric titrations. The calculated electron density revealed the shell-constrained distribution of the atomic charges, induced by the presence of arsenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Della Pergola
- Dipartimento
di Scienze dell’Ambiente e della Terra, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy,
| | - Luigi Garlaschelli
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, University of Milano, via Venezian 21, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Piero Macchi
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Irene Facchinetti
- Dipartimento
di Scienze dei Materiali, University of
Milano-Bicocca, via Cozzi
5, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Riccardo Ruffo
- Dipartimento
di Scienze dei Materiali, University of
Milano-Bicocca, via Cozzi
5, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano Racioppi
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, University of Milano, via Venezian 21, 20133 Milano, Italy,Department
of Chemistry, State University of New York
at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United states
| | - Angelo Sironi
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, University of Milano, via Venezian 21, 20133 Milano, Italy,
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