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Perricelli F, Boscaglia M, Cantiano M, Spitaleri L, Fragalà ME, Gulino A. Chemical and Morphological Modifications Induced by Argon Plasma Treatments on Fluorinated Polybenzoxazole Films. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:15586-15593. [PMID: 37151557 PMCID: PMC10157868 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Fluorinated photodefinable polymers are widely employed as re-distribution layers in wafer-level packaging to produce microelectronic devices because of their suitable low dielectric constant and moisture absorption, high mechanical toughness, thermal conductivity and stability, and chemical inertness. Typically, fluorinated photodefinable polybenzoxazoles (F-PBOs) are the most used in this field. In the present work, we investigated by atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy the morphological and chemical modifications induced by Ar plasma treatments on F-PBO films. This process, used to remove surface contaminant species, as well as increase the polymeric surface roughness, to improve the adhesion to the other components during electronic packaging, is a crucial step during the manufacturing of some microelectronic devices. We found that argon plasma treatments determine the wanted drastic increase of the polymer surface roughness but, in the presence of a patterned silver layer on F-PBO, needed for the fabrication of electric contacts in microelectronic devices, also induce some unwanted formation of silver fluoride species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Luca Spitaleri
- STMicroelectronics
Stradale Primosole, 50, 95121 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Fragalà
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
- INSTM
UdR of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Antonino Gulino
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
- INSTM
UdR of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
- . Tel.: +39-095-7385067. Fax. +39-095-580138
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2
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Gulino A, Papanikolaou G, Lanzafame P, Aaliti A, Primerano P, Spitaleri L, Triolo C, Dahrouch Z, Khaskhoussi A, Lo Schiavo S. Synthesis, Characterization and Photocatalytic Behavior of SiO 2 @nitrized-TiO 2 Nanocomposites Obtained by a Straightforward Novel Approach. ChemistryOpen 2021; 10:1033-1040. [PMID: 34648236 PMCID: PMC8515923 DOI: 10.1002/open.202100157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on the facile synthesis of SiO2 @nitrized-TiO2 nanocomposite (NST) by calcination of TiO2 xerogel with OctaAmmonium POSS® (N-POSS; POSS=polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes). The as-obtained nanoporous mixed oxide is constituted by uniformly distributed SiO2 and nitrized-TiO2 , where the silica component is present in an amorphous state and TiO2 in an anatase/rutile mixed phase (92.1 % vs. 7.9 %, respectively) with very small anatase crystallites (3.7 nm). The TiO2 lattice is nitrized both at interstitial and substitutional positions. NST features a negatively charged surface with a remarkable surface area (406 m2 g-1 ), endowed with special adsorption capabilities towards cationic dyes. Its photocatalytic behavior was tested by following the degradation of standard aqueous methylene blue and methyl orange solutions under UV and visible light irradiation, according to ISO 10678:2010. For comparison, analogous investigations were carried out on a silica-free N-TiO2 , obtained by using NH4 Cl as nitrogen source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Gulino
- Department of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Catania, and INSTM UdR of CataniaViale Andrea Doria 695125CataniaItaly
| | - Georgia Papanikolaou
- Department of ChemicalBiologicalPharmaceutical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of MessinaViale F. Stagno d'Alcontres, 3198166MessinaItaly
| | - Paola Lanzafame
- Department of ChemicalBiologicalPharmaceutical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of MessinaViale F. Stagno d'Alcontres, 3198166MessinaItaly
| | - Abdellatif Aaliti
- Département de Génie Chimique, Laboratoire Physico-Chimie des Matériaux, Substances Naturelles et EnvironnementFaculté des Sciences et Techniques de TangerAncienne Route de l'Aéroport, Km 10, Ziaten. BP: 416.TangerMaroc
| | - Patrizia Primerano
- Dipartimento di IngegneriaUniversità degli Studi di MessinaContrada Di Dio98166MessinaItaly
| | - Luca Spitaleri
- Department of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Catania, and INSTM UdR of CataniaViale Andrea Doria 695125CataniaItaly
| | - Claudia Triolo
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civiledell'Energia, dell'Ambiente e dei Materiali (DICEAM)Università “Mediterranea”Via Graziella, Loc. Feo di Vito89122Reggio CalabriaItaly
| | - Zainab Dahrouch
- Département de Génie Chimique, Laboratoire Physico-Chimie des Matériaux, Substances Naturelles et EnvironnementFaculté des Sciences et Techniques de TangerAncienne Route de l'Aéroport, Km 10, Ziaten. BP: 416.TangerMaroc
| | - Amani Khaskhoussi
- Dipartimento di IngegneriaUniversità degli Studi di MessinaContrada Di Dio98166MessinaItaly
| | - Sandra Lo Schiavo
- Department of ChemicalBiologicalPharmaceutical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of MessinaViale F. Stagno d'Alcontres, 3198166MessinaItaly
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3
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Wang K, Bi R, Huang M, Lv B, Wang H, Li C, Wu H, Zhang Q. Porous Cobalt Metal–Organic Frameworks as Active Elements in Battery–Supercapacitor Hybrid Devices. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:6808-6814. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuaibing Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science & Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore 639678, Singapore
| | - Rong Bi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Menglu Huang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Bo Lv
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Huijian Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Chao Li
- School of Materials Science & Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore 639678, Singapore
| | - Hua Wu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Qichun Zhang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore 639678, Singapore
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Wu XP, Gagliardi L, Truhlar DG. Multilink F* Method for Combined Quantum Mechanical and Molecular Mechanical Calculations of Complex Systems. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:4208-4217. [PMID: 31145606 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Combined quantum mechanical and molecular mechanical (QM/MM) studies on catalysis in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are relatively undeveloped in contrast to the wide use of QM/MM for enzyme catalysis. One reason is that the currently available methods for treating QM-MM boundaries are not fully compatible with the combination of features in MOFs, namely, their high connectivity, their polar bonds (e.g., metal-oxygen bonds), and their potential boundary atoms with high partial atomic charges. The treatment of polar bonds can be improved by using tuned link atoms, but both the widely used H link atom method and the F* link atom method provide limited options in placing the QM-MM boundary in MOFs and other covalently bonded solids, which seriously reduces the efficiency of QM/MM calculations. Here, we propose a generalized version of the F* link atom method with greater flexibility for the placement of the QM-MM boundary in MOFs and with a practical scheme for tuning. The new method, called the multilink F* method, allows a large part of an inorganic node of a MOF to be partitioned into the MM subsystem to increase the efficiency. Our validation calculations on dimerization of ethylene to 1-butene by a nickel catalyst supported on a MOF show that the overall performance of QM/MM calculations with the multilink F* method is excellent for energies, geometries, and partial atomic charges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Ping Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455-0431 , United States
| | - Laura Gagliardi
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455-0431 , United States
| | - Donald G Truhlar
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455-0431 , United States
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5
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Qin R, Liu Y, Tao F, Li C, Cao W, Yang P. Protein-Bound Freestanding 2D Metal Film for Stealth Information Transmission. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1803377. [PMID: 30537390 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201803377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The welding and sintering of nanomaterials is usually achieved at high temperatures and high pressures. Here, it is found that merging of metal nanoparticles occurs under ambient conditions in an aqueous solution via protein bonding. It is discovered that the silver nanoparticles from the in situ reduction of silver ammonium ions by glucose undergo confined nucleation and growth and are bound by ultrathin amyloid-like β-sheet stacking of lysozyme. This merging of silver nanoparticles creates a freestanding large-area (e.g., 400 cm2 ) 2D silver film at the air/water interface with a purity up to 98% and controls nanoscale thickness. This reaction system is general to other proteins and metals, and shows the great ability for controlled synthesis of highly reflective and highly conductive silver films with elongation nearly 10 times higher than that of pure metal without protein bonding. The ultrathin protein-bonding layer functions as a key mediator to dynamically tune the silver conductance in response to external pressures and strains. The sensors exhibit ultrasensitive capability for stealth transmission of Morse code and for silent speech recording via the detection of tiny vibrations of the human throat. This approach will shed light on the development of protein bonding of a given material for bespoke functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Qin
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Yongchun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Fei Tao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Chen Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Wenfei Cao
- School of Mathematics and Information Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
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6
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Liu R, Zhao J, Han Q, Hu X, Wang D, Zhang X, Yang P. One-Step Assembly of a Biomimetic Biopolymer Coating for Particle Surface Engineering. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1802851. [PMID: 30079540 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201802851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Advances in material design and applications are highly dependent on the development of particle surface engineering strategies. However, few universal methods can functionalize particles of different compositions, sizes, shapes, and structures. The amyloid-like lysozyme assembly-mediated surface functionalization of inorganic, polymeric or metal micro/nanoparticles in a unique amyloid-like phase-transition buffer containing lysozyme are described. The rapid formation of a robust nanoscale phase-transitioned lysozyme (PTL) coating on the particle surfaces presents strong interfacial binding to resist mechanical and chemical peeling under harsh conditions and versatile surface functional groups to support various sequential surface chemical derivatizations, such as radical living graft polymerization, the electroless deposition of metals, biomineralization, and the facile synthesis of Janus particles and metal/protein capsules. Being distinct from other methods, the preparation of this pure protein coating under biocompatible conditions (e.g., neutral pH and nontoxic reagents) provides a reliable opportunity to directly modify living cell surfaces without affecting their biological activity. The PTL coating arms yeasts with a functional shell to protect their adhered body against foreign enzymatic digestion. The PTL coating further supports the surface immobilization of living yeasts for heterogeneous microbial reactions and the sequential surface chemical derivatization of the cell surfaces, e.g., radical living graft polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Qian Han
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Xinyi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, 12 Observatory Road, Tianjin, 30070, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
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7
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Keisar H, de Ruiter G, Velders AH, Milko P, Gulino A, Evmenenko G, Shimon LJW, Diskin-Posner Y, Lahav M, van der Boom ME. Sorting of Molecular Building Blocks from Solution to Surface. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:8162-8171. [PMID: 29768007 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b02968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate that molecular gradients on an organic monolayer is formed by preferential binding of ruthenium complexes from solutions also containing equimolar amounts of isostructural osmium complexes. The monolayer consists of a nanometer-thick assembly of 1,3,5-tris(4-pyridylethenyl)benzene (TPEB) covalently attached to a silicon or metal-oxide surface. The molecular gradient of ruthenium and osmium complexes is orthogonal to the surface plane. This gradient propagates throughout the molecular assembly with thicknesses over 30 nm. Using other monolayers consisting of closely related organic molecules or metal complexes results in the formation of molecular assemblies having an homogeneous and equimolar distribution of ruthenium and osmium complexes. Spectroscopic and computational studies revealed that the geometry of the complexes and the electronic properties of their ligands are nearly identical. These subtle differences cause the isostructural osmium and ruthenium complexes to pack differently on modified surfaces as also demonstrated in crystals grown from solution. The different packing behavior, combined with the organic monolayer significantly contributes to the observed differences in chemical composition on the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hodaya Keisar
- Department of Organic Chemistry , The Weizmann Institute of Science , 7610001 Rehovot , Israel
| | - Graham de Ruiter
- Department of Organic Chemistry , The Weizmann Institute of Science , 7610001 Rehovot , Israel
| | - Aldrik H Velders
- Laboratory of BioNanoTechnology , Wageningen University , 6708 WG Wageningen , The Netherlands
| | - Petr Milko
- Chemical Research Support , The Weizmann Institute of Science , 7610001 Rehovot , Israel
| | - Antonino Gulino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche , Università di Catania, and INSTM UdR of Catania , Catania 95125 , Italy
| | - Guennadi Evmenenko
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , and Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Linda J W Shimon
- Chemical Research Support , The Weizmann Institute of Science , 7610001 Rehovot , Israel
| | - Yael Diskin-Posner
- Chemical Research Support , The Weizmann Institute of Science , 7610001 Rehovot , Israel
| | - Michal Lahav
- Department of Organic Chemistry , The Weizmann Institute of Science , 7610001 Rehovot , Israel
| | - Milko E van der Boom
- Department of Organic Chemistry , The Weizmann Institute of Science , 7610001 Rehovot , Israel
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8
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Contino A, Maccarrone G, Fragalà ME, Spitaleri L, Gulino A. Conjugated Gold-Porphyrin Monolayers Assembled on Inorganic Surfaces. Chemistry 2017; 23:14937-14943. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Annalinda Contino
- Department of Chemical Sciences; University of Catania; Viale Andrea Doria 6 95125 Catania Italy
| | - Giuseppe Maccarrone
- Department of Chemical Sciences; University of Catania; Viale Andrea Doria 6 95125 Catania Italy
| | - Maria E. Fragalà
- Department of Chemical Sciences; University of Catania; Viale Andrea Doria 6 95125 Catania Italy
- INSTM UdR of Catania; Viale Andrea Doria 6 95125 Catania Italy
| | - Luca Spitaleri
- Department of Chemical Sciences; University of Catania; Viale Andrea Doria 6 95125 Catania Italy
| | - Antonino Gulino
- Department of Chemical Sciences; University of Catania; Viale Andrea Doria 6 95125 Catania Italy
- INSTM UdR of Catania; Viale Andrea Doria 6 95125 Catania Italy
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9
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Shen Y, Du C, Zhou J, Ma F. Application of Nano Fe III-Tannic Acid Complexes in Modifying Aqueous Acrylic Latex for Controlled-Release Coated Urea. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:1030-1036. [PMID: 28099000 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b05274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Acrylic latexes are valuable waterborne materials used in controlled-release fertilizers. Controlled-release urea coated with these latexes releases a large amount of nutrients, making it difficult to meet the requirement of plants. Herein, FeIII-tannic acid (TA) complexes were blended with acrylic latex and subsequently reassembled on a surface of polyacrylate particles. These complexes remarkably retarded the release of urea (the preliminary solubility was decreased from 22.3 to 0.8%) via decreasing the coating tackiness (Tg was increased from 4.17 to 6.42 °C), increasing the coating strength (tensile stress was improved from 3.88 to 4.45 MPa), and promoting the formation of denser structures (surface tension was decreased from 37.37 to 35.94 mN/m). Overall, our findings showed that a simple blending of FeIII-TA complexes with acrylic latex produces excellent coatings that delay the release of urea, which demonstrates great potential for use in controlled-release fertilizers coated with waterborne polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhen Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Changwen Du
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jianmin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Fei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China
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10
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Morozov M, Carmieli R, Lahav M, van der Boom ME. Light-Activated Antibacterial Nanoscale Films: Metallo-Organics for Catalytic Generation of Chemically Accessible Singlet-Oxygen in Water. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201601724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Morozov
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Weizmann Institute of Science; 7610001 Rehovot Israel
| | - Raanan Carmieli
- Department of Chemical Research Support; Weizmann Institute of Science; 7610001 Rehovot Israel
| | - Michal Lahav
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Weizmann Institute of Science; 7610001 Rehovot Israel
| | - Milko E. van der Boom
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Weizmann Institute of Science; 7610001 Rehovot Israel
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11
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Abstract
Nature makes use of tubular structures for the spatial separation of matter on many different length scales, ranging from the nanometer scale (selective channels based on folded proteins) up to the centimeter scale (blood vessels). Today, polymer chemists and engineers can prepare polymeric tubular structures via a variety of different methods also covering many lengthscales, from nanometers to meters. The synthetic approaches described in this chapter vary significantly from the folding of single polymer chains via the self-assembly of DNA fragments to coordinative metal-organic nanotubes to tubes engineerd from bulk polymers using a range of porous or fibrous templates. While all examples reported in this chapter form tubular structures and thereby mimic their naturally occuring counterparts, it is mainly the engineered tubes that are more straightforward to prepare that also show some bio-inspired function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Doninelli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg Chemin du Musée 9 CH-1700 Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Michael Badoux
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg Chemin du Musée 9 CH-1700 Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Andreas F. M. Kilbinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg Chemin du Musée 9 CH-1700 Fribourg Switzerland
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12
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Abstract
This article reviews the basic principles of and recent developments in electrochromic, photochromic, and thermochromic materials for applications in smart windows. Compared with current static windows, smart windows can dynamically modulate the transmittance of solar irradiation based on weather conditions and personal preferences, thus simultaneously improving building energy efficiency and indoor human comfort. Although some smart windows are commercially available, their widespread implementation has not yet been realized. Recent advances in nanostructured materials provide new opportunities for next-generation smart window technology owing to their unique structure-property relations. Nanomaterials can provide enhanced coloration efficiency, faster switching kinetics, and longer lifetime. In addition, their compatibility with solution processing enables low-cost and high-throughput fabrication. This review also discusses the importance of dual-band modulation of visible and near-infrared (NIR) light, as nearly 50% of solar energy lies in the NIR region. Some latest results show that solution-processable nanostructured systems can selectively modulate the NIR light without affecting the visible transmittance, thus reducing energy consumption by air conditioning, heating, and artificial lighting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712; ,
| | - Evan L Runnerstrom
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712; , .,Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720;
| | - Delia J Milliron
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712; ,
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13
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Shankar S, Orbach M, Kaminker R, Lahav M, van der Boom ME. Gold Nanoparticle Assemblies on Surfaces: Reactivity Tuning through Capping-Layer and Cross-Linker Design. Chemistry 2016; 22:1728-34. [PMID: 26743768 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sreejith Shankar
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovot 7610001 Israel
| | - Meital Orbach
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovot 7610001 Israel
| | - Revital Kaminker
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovot 7610001 Israel
| | - Michal Lahav
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovot 7610001 Israel
| | - Milko E. van der Boom
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovot 7610001 Israel
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15
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Balgley R, Shankar S, Lahav M, van der Boom ME. Rerouting Electron Transfer in Molecular Assemblies by Redox-Pair Matching. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201505290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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16
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Balgley R, Shankar S, Lahav M, van der Boom ME. Rerouting Electron Transfer in Molecular Assemblies by Redox-Pair Matching. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:12457-62. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201505290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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17
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Shankar S, Lahav M, van der Boom ME. Coordination-Based Molecular Assemblies as Electrochromic Materials: Ultra-High Switching Stability and Coloration Efficiencies. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:4050-3. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sreejith Shankar
- Department of Organic
Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Michal Lahav
- Department of Organic
Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Milko E. van der Boom
- Department of Organic
Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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18
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de Ruiter G, Lahav M, van der Boom ME. Pyridine coordination chemistry for molecular assemblies on surfaces. Acc Chem Res 2014; 47:3407-16. [PMID: 25350402 DOI: 10.1021/ar500112b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
CONSPECTUS: Since the first description of coordination complexes, many types of metal-ligand interactions have creatively been used in the chemical sciences. The rich coordination chemistry of pyridine-type ligands has contributed significantly to the incorporation of diverse metal ions into functional materials. Here we discuss molecular assemblies (MAs) formed with a variety of pyridine-type compounds and a metal containing cross-linker (e.g., PdCl2(PhCN2)). These MAs are formed using Layer-by-Layer (LbL) deposition from solution that allows for precise fitting of the assembly properties through molecular programming. The position of each component can be controlled by altering the assembly sequence, while the degree of intermolecular interactions can be varied by the level of π-conjugation and the availability of metal coordination sites. By setting the structural parameters (e.g., bond angles, number of coordination sites, geometry) of the ligand, control over MA structure was achieved, resulting in surface-confined metal-organic networks and oligomers. Unlike MAs that are constructed with organic ligands, MAs with polypyridyl complexes of ruthenium, osmium, and cobalt are active participants in their own formation and amplify the growth of the incoming molecular layer. Such a self-propagating behavior for molecular systems is rare, and the mechanism of their formation will be discussed. These exponentially growing MAs are capable of storing metal salts that can be used during the buildup of additional molecular layers. Various parameters influencing the film growth mechanism will be presented, including (i) the number of binding sites and geometry of the organic ligands, (ii) the metal and the structure of the polypyridyl complexes, (iii) the influence of the metal cross-linker (e.g., second or third row transition metals), and (iv) the deposition conditions. By systematic variation of these parameters, switching between linear and exponential growth could be demonstrated for MAs containing structurally well-defined polypyridyl complexes. The porosity of the MAs has been estimated by using electrochemically active probes. Incorporating multiple polypyridyl complexes of osmium and ruthenium into a single assembly give rise to composite materials that exhibit interesting electrochemical and electrochromic properties. These functional composites are especially attractive as they exhibit properties that neither of each metal complex possesses individually. Some of our MAs have very high coloration efficiencies, redox stability, fast responsive times and operate at voltages < 1.5 V. Moreover, their electrochemical properties are dependent on the deposition sequence of the polypyridyl complexes, resulting in MAs that possesses distinctive electron transfer pathways. Finally, some of these MAs are described in terms of their practical applications in electrochromic materials, storage-release chemistry, solar cells, and electron transport properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham de Ruiter
- Department of Organic Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michal Lahav
- Department of Organic Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Milko E. van der Boom
- Department of Organic Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
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de Ruiter G, Lahav M, Evmenenko G, Dutta P, Cristaldi DA, Gulino A, van der Boom ME. Composite molecular assemblies: nanoscale structural control and spectroelectrochemical diversity. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 135:16533-44. [PMID: 24159900 DOI: 10.1021/ja407659z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The controlled deposition of metal complexes from solution on inorganic surfaces offers access to functional materials that otherwise would be elusive. For such surface-confined interfaces to form, specific assembly sequences are often used. We show here that varying the assembly sequence of two well-defined and iso-structural osmium and ruthenium polypyridyl complexes results in interfaces with strikingly different spectroelectrochemical properties. Successive deposition of redox-active layers of osmium and ruthenium polypyridyl complexes, leads to self-propagating molecular assemblies (SPMAs) with distinct internal interfaces and individually addressable components. In contrast, the clear separation of these interfaces upon sequential deposition of these two complexes, results in charge trapping or electrochemical communication between the metal centers, as a function of layer thickness and applied assembly sequence. The SPMAs were characterized using a variety of techniques, including: UV–vis spectroscopy, spectroscopic ellipsometry, electrochemistry, synchrotron X-ray reflectivity, angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and spectroelectrochemistry. The combined data demonstrate that the sequence-dependent assembly is a decisive factor that influences and provides the material properties that are difficult to obtain otherwise.
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20
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Kaminker R, Lahav M, Altman M, Evmenenko G, Dutta P, Gulino A, van der Boom ME. Surface-confined core-shell structures based on gold nanoparticles and metal-organic networks. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:4635-8. [PMID: 24671268 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc47865c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Here we show a step-wise approach for the formation of continuous shell-structures on surface-confined gold nanoparticles. The nanoparticle-cores induce order in the shell-structure, which consists of metal-organic networks. Communication between the organic and inorganic parts is reflected in their optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revital Kaminker
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovot, Israel.
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21
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Wang JJ, Zhang YJ, Chen J, Zhang YH. Four new metal–organic coordination polymers with non-coordinating biphenyl groups: Synthesis, characterization, magnetic and luminescent properties. Inorganica Chim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2013.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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22
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Kumar A, Chhatwal M, Mondal PC, Singh V, Singh AK, Cristaldi DA, Gupta RD, Gulino A. A ternary memory module using low-voltage control over optical properties of metal-polypyridyl monolayers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:3783-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc00388h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A resettable ternary memory module is proposed via commutable redox states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Kumar
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Delhi
- New Delhi-110 007, India
| | - Megha Chhatwal
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Delhi
- New Delhi-110 007, India
| | | | - Vikram Singh
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Delhi
- New Delhi-110 007, India
| | - Alok Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Delhi
- New Delhi-110 007, India
| | - Domenico A. Cristaldi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università di Catania, and INSTM Udr of Catania
- 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Rinkoo D. Gupta
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology
- South Asian University
- New Delhi-110 021, India
| | - Antonino Gulino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università di Catania, and INSTM Udr of Catania
- 95125 Catania, Italy
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Gulino A, Lupo F, Cristaldi DA, Pappalardo S, Capici C, Gattuso G, Notti A, Parisi MF. A Viable Route for Lithium Ion Detection. Eur J Inorg Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201301213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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24
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Poverenov E, Shemesh M, Gulino A, Cristaldi DA, Zakin V, Yefremov T, Granit R. Durable contact active antimicrobial materials formed by a one-step covalent modification of polyvinyl alcohol, cellulose and glass surfaces. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 112:356-61. [PMID: 24012705 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2013] [Revised: 07/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In this work we have applied a direct covalent linkage of quaternary ammonium salts (QAS) to prepare a series of contact active antimicrobial surfaces based on widely utilized materials. Formation of antimicrobial polyvinyl alcohol (PVA-QAS), cellulose (cellulose-QAS) and glass (glass-QAS) surfaces was achieved by one step synthesis with no auxiliary linkers. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed tridentate binding mode of the antimicrobial agent. The antimicrobial activity of the prepared materials was tested on Bacillus cereus, Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Active site density of the modified materials was examined and found to correlate with their antimicrobial activity. Stability studies at different pH values and temperatures confirmed that the linkage of the bioactive moiety to the surface is robust and resistant to a range of pH and temperatures. Prolonged long-term effectiveness of the contact active materials was demonstrated by their repeated usage, without loss of the antimicrobial efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Poverenov
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet-Dagan 50250, Israel.
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Ejima H, Richardson JJ, Liang K, Best JP, van Koeverden MP, Such GK, Cui J, Caruso F. One-Step Assembly of Coordination Complexes for Versatile Film and Particle Engineering. Science 2013; 341:154-7. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1237265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1299] [Impact Index Per Article: 118.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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26
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Cristaldi DA, Gulino A. Functionalization of SnO₂ crystals with a covalently-assembled porphyrin monolayer. CHEMSUSCHEM 2013; 6:1031-1036. [PMID: 23610085 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201300149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The functionalization of micro- and nano-sized metal-oxide powders offers many advantages because of their large surface areas and, therefore, the large number of functional molecules that can be grafted onto the grain surfaces. Porphyrin molecules on large band-gap semiconducting metal oxides represent key materials for many different optical and electronic applications. Herein, we have proposed a general two-step procedure for the functionalization of metal-oxide crystals with dye-sensitizers. In particular, we functionalized SnO₂ nanoparticles with a monolayer of the bifunctional trichloro[4-(chloromethyl)phenyl]silane. Then, a monolayer of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-21H,23H-porphyne was covalently bound to the silanized SnO₂ grains. IR, UV/Vis, and luminescence measurements were used for optical characterization. The measured footprint of the grafted porphyrin molecules indicated total surface coverage of the grains. The surface electronic characterization was performed by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Emission measurements revealed two strong bands at 664.1 and 721.0 nm that were attributed to the porphyrin monolayer assembled on the surface of the SnO₂ crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico A Cristaldi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Catania, and INSTM UdR of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
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Hayoun Barak A, de Ruiter G, Lahav M, Sharma S, Gidron O, Evmenenko G, Dutta P, Bendikov M, van der Boom ME. Coordination-Based Molecular Assemblies of Oligofurans and Oligothiophenes. Chemistry 2013; 19:8821-31. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201300034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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28
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Cook TR, Zheng YR, Stang PJ. Metal-organic frameworks and self-assembled supramolecular coordination complexes: comparing and contrasting the design, synthesis, and functionality of metal-organic materials. Chem Rev 2013; 113:734-77. [PMID: 23121121 PMCID: PMC3764682 DOI: 10.1021/cr3002824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2126] [Impact Index Per Article: 193.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R. Cook
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112
| | - Yao-Rong Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112
| | - Peter J. Stang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112
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Shinomiya T, Ozawa H, Mutoh Y, Haga MA. A redox-active porous coordination network film based on a Ru complex as a building block on an ITO electrode. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:16166-75. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt51484f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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30
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Mineo PG, Cristaldi DA, Motta A, Gupta T, Gulino A. Covalent poly(methyl methacrylate) nanostructures on functionalized Si(100) surfaces. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra22327a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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31
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de Ruiter G, Lahav M, Keisar H, van der Boom ME. Sequence-Dependent Assembly to Control Molecular Interface Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201207467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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32
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de Ruiter G, Lahav M, Keisar H, van der Boom ME. Sequence-dependent assembly to control molecular interface properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 52:704-9. [PMID: 23165729 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201207467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Variation's what you need: variation of the assembly sequence in which layers of two isostructural metal complexes are built up leads to molecular materials with electrochemical properties that depend on the assembly sequence. These properties vary from reversible electron transfer to unidirectional current flows and even charge trapping. The sequence-dependent assembly strategy has implications for various disciplines that involve self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham de Ruiter
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Torres-Huerta A, Höpfl H, Tlahuext H, Hernández-Ahuactzi IF, Sánchez M, Reyes-Martínez R, Morales-Morales D. Dinuclear Macrocyclic Palladium Dithiocarbamates Derived from the Homologous Series of Aliphatic 1,x-Diamines (x= 4-10). Eur J Inorg Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201200955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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34
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Motiei L, Feller M, Evmenenko G, Dutta P, van der Boom ME. Controlling growth of self-propagating molecular assemblies. Chem Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1sc00318f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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35
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Shen C, Cebula I, Brown C, Zhao J, Zharnikov M, Buck M. Structure of isophthalic acid based monolayers and its relation to the initial stages of growth of metal–organic coordination layers. Chem Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2sc20087b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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36
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Lim ZB, Li H, Sun S, Lek JY, Trewin A, Lam YM, Grimsdale AC. New 3D supramolecular Zn(ii)-coordinated self-assembled organic networks. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm16349g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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37
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Motiei L, Kaminker R, Sassi M, van der Boom ME. Molecule and Electron Transfer through Coordination-Based Molecular Assemblies. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:14264-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ja206179a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Motiei
- Department of Organic Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Revital Kaminker
- Department of Organic Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Mauro Sassi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Milko E. van der Boom
- Department of Organic Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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38
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Kaminker R, Popovitz-Biro R, van der Boom ME. Coordination-Polymer Nanotubes and Spheres: A Ligand-Structure Effect. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201008193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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39
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Kaminker R, Popovitz-Biro R, van der Boom ME. Coordination-Polymer Nanotubes and Spheres: A Ligand-Structure Effect. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:3224-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201008193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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40
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Motiei L, Sassi M, Kaminker R, Evmenenko G, Dutta P, Iron MA, van der Boom ME. Synergism in multicomponent self-propagating molecular assemblies. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:1319-1325. [PMID: 21128588 DOI: 10.1021/la103936t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Multicomponent self-propagating molecular assemblies (SPMAs) have been generated from an organic chromophore, a redox-active polypyridyl complex, and PdCl(2). The structure of the multicomponent SPMA is not a linear combination of two assemblies generated with a single molecular constituent. Surface-confined assemblies formed from only the organic chromophore and PdCl(2) are known to follow linear growth, whereas the combination of polypyridyl complexes and PdCl(2) results in exponential growth. The present study demonstrates that an iterative deposition of both molecular building blocks with PdCl(2) results in an exponentially growing assembly. The nature of the assembly mechanism is dictated by the polypyridyl complex and overrides the linear growth process of the organic component. Relatively smooth, multicomponent SPMAs have been obtained with a thickness of ∼20 nm on silicon, glass, and indium-tin oxide (ITO) coated glass. Detailed information of the structure and of the surface-assembly chemistry were obtained using transmission optical (UV/Vis) spectroscopy, ellipsometry, atomic force microscopy (AFM), synchrotron X-ray reflectivity (XRR), and electrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Motiei
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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