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Wang Q, Yuan X, Sun H, Yang J, Yang X, Lin J, Jin Y. Iron(III)-Catalyzed Amine-Release Triple Condensation of Enaminones to C3-Alkenylated Dihydroquinolinones. J Org Chem 2024; 89:10538-10550. [PMID: 38996186 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
C3-functionalized dihydroquinolinones represent a class of important biologically active compounds. Although methods for synthesizing C2/4-functionalized dihydroquinolinones have been extensively reported, research on the synthesis of C3-functionalized dihydroquinolinone is extremely rare. Herein, we report for the first time a method for C3-alkenylated dihydroquinolinones via iron(III)-catalyzed amine-release triple condensation of enaminones. These reactions exhibit broad substrate scope and offer operationally simple, low-cost catalyzed procedures in a single step. Subsequent intramolecular and intermolecular additions to the alkene moiety provide diverse C3-functionalized dihydroquinolinone derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoqiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research & Development for Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
| | - Xu Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research & Development for Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
| | - Haoyang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research & Development for Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
| | - Jimei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research & Development for Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
| | - Xingjiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research & Development for Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
| | - Jun Lin
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research & Development for Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
| | - Yi Jin
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research & Development for Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
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2
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Tang J, Li S, Fu Y, Su Z, Xu J, Xue W, Zheng X, Li R, Chen H, Fu H. Radical meta-C-H Halogenation of Azines via N-Benzyl Activation Strategy. Org Lett 2024; 26:5899-5904. [PMID: 38984739 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Regioselective halogenation of six-membered N-heteroarenes is crucial for precise functional derivatization. We present a meta-selective halogenation method for pyridines, quinolines, and isoquinolines via electrophilic halogen radical addition utilizing an N-benzyl activation strategy. This method achieves C3- and C5-dihalogenation in pyridines, C3- and C6-dihalogenation in quinolines, and C3-monohalogenation in isoquinolines. The feasibility and potential applications of this method were validated through scale-up reactions and the bromination of quinoline derivatives with biomolecular fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Shun Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yihua Fu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Zhishan Su
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Weichao Xue
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Xueli Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Ruixiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Fu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
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3
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Guo SM, Xu P, Studer A. Meta-Selective Copper-Catalyzed C-H Arylation of Pyridines and Isoquinolines through Dearomatized Intermediates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202405385. [PMID: 38634294 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
C(sp2)-H functionalization offers an efficient strategy for the synthesis of various elaborated N-containing heteroarenes. Along these lines, oxazino pyridines that can be readily prepared from pyridines, have been introduced as powerful substrates in radical- and ionic-mediated meta-C-H functionalization. However, the regioselective meta-C-H arylation of pyridines remains a great challenge. Herein, a copper-catalyzed meta-selective C-H arylation of pyridines and isoquinolines through bench-stable dearomatized intermediates is reported. Electrophilic aryl-Cu(III) species, generated from readily accessible aryl I(III) reagents, enable the efficient meta-arylation of a broad range of pyridines and isoquinolines. The method also allows the meta-selective alkenylation of these heteroarenes using the corresponding alkenyl I(III)-reagents. Late-stage arylation of drug-derived pyridines and larger-scale experiments demonstrate the potential of this synthetic methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Min Guo
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Pengwei Xu
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Armido Studer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
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4
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Das A, Maji B. Substrate-controlled divergent remote C-H and N-H polyfluoroarylation of 2-aminopyrimidines with polyfluoroarenes via Pd(II)/Pd(0) catalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:5630-5633. [PMID: 38716516 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01518e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Substrate-controlled product divergence in the reaction of 2-aminopyrimidines with polyfluoroarenes under palladium catalysis is demonstrated for the first time. The reaction of secondary N-alkylpyrimidine-2-amines with polyfluoroarenes leads to C5-H polyfluoroarylation via C-H/C-H coupling, while secondary N-aryl substituents yield N-H polyfluoroarylation, forming triarylamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Animesh Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India.
| | - Biplab Maji
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India.
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5
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Xu P, Wang Z, Guo SM, Studer A. Introduction of the difluoromethyl group at the meta- or para-position of pyridines through regioselectivity switch. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4121. [PMID: 38750008 PMCID: PMC11096164 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48383-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Difluoromethyl pyridines have gained significant attention in medicinal and agricultural chemistry. The direct C-H-difluoromethylation of pyridines represents a highly efficient economic way to access these azines. However, the direct meta-difluoromethylation of pyridines has remained elusive and methods for site-switchable regioselective meta- and para-difluoromethylation are unknown. Here, we demonstrate the meta-C-H-difluoromethylation of pyridines through a radical process by using oxazino pyridine intermediates, which are easily accessed from pyridines. The selectivity can be readily switched to para by in situ transformation of the oxazino pyridines to pyridinium salts upon acid treatment. The preparation of various meta- and para-difluoromethylated pyridines through this approach is presented. The mild conditions used also allow for the late-stage meta- or para-difluoromethylation of pyridine containing drugs. Sequential double functionalization of pyridines is presented, which further underlines the value of this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengwei Xu
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Zhe Wang
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Shu-Min Guo
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Armido Studer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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6
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Binnani C, Arora S, Priya B, Gupta P, Singh SK. 2-Hydroxypyridine-based Ligands as Promoter in Ruthenium(II) Catalyzed C-H Bond Activation/Arylation Reactions. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300569. [PMID: 37811781 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
A class of 2-hydroxypyridine based ligands are explored to achieve enhanced catalytic activity for ortho-C-H bond activation/arylation reaction over [(η6 -p-cymene)RuCl2 ]2 catalyst in water. Extensive studies using a series of substituted 2-hydroxypyridine based ligands (L1-L6) inferred that 5-trifluoromethyl-2-hydroxypyridine (L6) exhibited favorable effects to enhance the catalytic activity of Ru(II) catalyst for ortho C-H bond arylation of 2-phenylpyridine by 8 folds compared to those performed without ligands. The (η6 -p-cymene)Ru - L6 system also exhibited enhanced catalytic activity for ortho C-H bond arylation of 2-phenylpyridine using a variety of aryl halides. NMR and mass investigations inferred the presence of several ligand coordinated Ru(II) species, suggesting the involvement of these species in C-H bond activation reaction. Further in concurrence with the experimental findings, the density functional theory (DFT) calculations also evidenced the prominent role of 2-hydroxypyridine based ligands in Ru(II) catalyzed C-H bond arylation of 2-phenylpyridine with lower energy barrier for the C-H activation step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinky Binnani
- Catalysis Group, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore, 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sumangla Arora
- Computational Catalysis Center, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Bhanu Priya
- Catalysis Group, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore, 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Puneet Gupta
- Computational Catalysis Center, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sanjay K Singh
- Catalysis Group, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore, 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
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7
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Gupta A, Laha JK. Growing Utilization of Radical Chemistry in the Synthesis of Pharmaceuticals. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300207. [PMID: 37565381 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Our current unhealthy lifestyle and the exponential surge in the population getting affected by a variety of diseases have made pharmaceuticals or drugs an imperative part of life, making the development of innovative strategies for drug discovery or the introduction of refined, cost-effective and modern technologies for the synthesis of clinically used drugs, a need of the hour. Ever since their discovery, free radicals and radical cations or anions as reactive intermediates have captivated the chemists, resulting in an exceptional utilization of these moieties throughout the field of chemical synthesis, owing to their unprecedented and widespread reactivity. Sticking with the idea of not judging the book by its cover, despite the conventional thought process of radicals being unstable and difficult to control entities, scientists and academicians around the globe have done an appreciable amount of work utilizing both persistent as well as transient radicals for a variety of organic transformations, exemplifying them with the synthesis of significant biologically active pharmaceutical ingredients. This review truly accounts for the organic radical transformations including radical addition, radical cascade cyclization, radical/radical cross-coupling, coupling with metal-complexes and radical cations coupling with nucleophiles, that offers fascinating and unconventional approaches towards the construction of intricate structural frameworks of marketed APIs with high atom- and step-economy; complementing the otherwise employed traditional methods. This tutorial review presents a comprehensive package of diverse methods utilized for radical generation, featuring their reactivity to form critical bonds in pharmaceutical total synthesis or in building key starting materials or intermediates of their synthetic journey, acknowledging their excellence, downsides and underlying mechanisms, which are otherwise poorly highlighted in the literature. Despite great achievements over the past few decades in this area, many challenges and obstacles are yet to be unraveled to shorten the distance between the academics and the industry, which are all discussed in summary and outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Process Chemistry), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER) S.A.S. Nagar, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Mohali, 160062, India
| | - Joydev K Laha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Process Chemistry), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER) S.A.S. Nagar, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Mohali, 160062, India
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8
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Cao H, Cheng Q, Studer A. meta-Selective C-H Functionalization of Pyridines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202302941. [PMID: 37013613 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202302941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
The pyridine moiety is an important core structure for a variety of drugs, agrochemicals, catalysts, and functional materials. Direct functionalization of C-H bonds in pyridines is a straightforward approach to access valuable substituted pyridines. Compared to the direct ortho- and para-functionalization, meta-selective pyridine C-H functionalization is far more challenging due to the inherent electronic properties of the pyridine entity. This review summarizes currently available methods for pyridine meta-C-H functionalization using a directing group, non-directed metalation, and temporary dearomatization strategies. Recent advances in ligand control and temporary dearomatization are highlighted. We analyze the advantages as well as limitations of current techniques and hope to inspire further developments in this important area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Cao
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Qiang Cheng
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Armido Studer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
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9
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Xi L, Wang M, Liang Y, Zhao Y, Shi Z. Tunably strained metallacycles enable modular differentiation of aza-arene C-H bonds. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3986. [PMID: 37414774 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39753-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The precise activation of C-H bonds will eventually provide chemists with transformative methods to access complex molecular architectures. Current approaches to selective C-H activation relying on directing groups are effective for the generation of five-membered, six-membered and even larger ring metallacycles but show narrow applicability to generate three- and four-membered rings bearing high ring strain. Furthermore, the identification of distinct small intermediates remains unsolved. Here, we developed a strategy to control the size of strained metallacycles in the rhodium-catalysed C-H activation of aza-arenes and applied this discovery to tunably incorporate the alkynes into their azine and benzene skeletons. By merging the rhodium catalyst with a bipyridine-type ligand, a three-membered metallacycle was obtained in the catalytic cycle, while utilizing an NHC ligand favours the generation of the four-membered metallacycle. The generality of this method was demonstrated with a range of aza-arenes, such as quinoline, benzo[f]quinolone, phenanthridine, 4,7-phenanthroline, 1,7-phenanthroline and acridine. Mechanistic studies revealed the origin of the ligand-controlled regiodivergence in the strained metallacycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longlong Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Minyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhuangzhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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10
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Sindhe H, Reddy MM, Rajkumar K, Kamble A, Singh A, Kumar A, Sharma S. Pyridine C(sp 2)-H bond functionalization under transition-metal and rare earth metal catalysis. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:820-863. [PMID: 37346497 PMCID: PMC10280098 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyridine is a crucial heterocyclic scaffold that is widely found in organic chemistry, medicines, natural products, and functional materials. In spite of the discovery of several methods for the synthesis of functionalized pyridines or their integration into an organic molecule, new methodologies for the direct functionalization of pyridine scaffolds have been developed during the past two decades. In addition, transition-metal-catalyzed C-H functionalization and rare earth metal-catalyzed reactions have flourished over the past two decades in the development of functionalized organic molecules of concern. In this review, we discuss recent achievements in the transition-metal and rare earth metal-catalyzed C-H bond functionalization of pyridine and look into the mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haritha Sindhe
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Malladi Mounika Reddy
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Karthikeyan Rajkumar
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Akshay Kamble
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Amardeep Singh
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Anand Kumar
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Satyasheel Sharma
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
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11
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Meng G, Wang Z, Chan HSS, Chekshin N, Li Z, Wang P, Yu JQ. Dual-Ligand Catalyst for the Nondirected C-H Olefination of Heteroarenes. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:8198-8208. [PMID: 36975773 PMCID: PMC10173962 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Pd(II)-catalyzed nondirected C-H functionalization of heteroarenes is a significant challenge for the following reasons: poor reactivity of electron-deficient heterocycles and the unproductive coordination of Lewis basic nitrogen atoms. Existing methodologies using palladium catalysis often employ a large excess of heterocycle substrates to overcome these hurdles. Despite recent advances in nondirected functionalization of arenes that allow them to be used as limiting reagents, the reaction conditions are incompatible with electron-deficient heteroarenes. Herein we report a dual-ligand catalyst that enables Pd(II)-catalyzed nondirected C-H olefination of heteroarenes without using a large excess of substrate. In general, the use of 1-2 equiv of substrates was sufficient to obtain synthetically useful yields. The reactivity was rationalized by the synergy between two types of ligands: a bidentate pyridine-pyridone ligand promotes C-H cleavage; the monodentate heterocycle substrate acts as a second ligand to form a cationic Pd(II) complex that has high affinity for arenes. The proposed dual-ligand cooperation is supported by a combination of X-ray, kinetics, and control experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangrong Meng
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Hau Sun Sam Chan
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Nikita Chekshin
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Jin-Quan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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12
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Naksomboon K, Gómez-Bengoa E, Mehara J, Roithová J, Otten E, Fernández-Ibáñez MÁ. Mechanistic studies of the palladium-catalyzed S,O-ligand promoted C-H olefination of aromatic compounds. Chem Sci 2023; 14:2943-2953. [PMID: 36937590 PMCID: PMC10016329 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06840k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pd-catalyzed C-H functionalization reactions of non-directed substrates have recently emerged as an attractive alternative to the use of directing groups. Key to the success of these transformations has been the discovery of new ligands capable of increasing both the reactivity of the inert C-H bond and the selectivity of the process. Among them, a new type of S,O-ligand has been shown to be highly efficient in promoting a variety of Pd-catalyzed C-H olefination reactions of non-directed arenes. Despite the success of this type of S,O-ligand, its role in the C-H functionalization processes is unknown. Herein, we describe a detailed mechanistic study focused on elucidating the role of the S,O-ligand in the Pd-catalyzed C-H olefination of non-directed arenes. For this purpose, several mechanistic tools, including isolation and characterization of reactive intermediates, NMR and kinetic studies, isotope effects and DFT calculations have been employed. The data from these experiments suggest that the C-H activation is the rate-determining step in both cases with and without the S,O-ligand. Furthermore, the results indicate that the S,O-ligand triggers the formation of more reactive Pd cationic species, which explains the observed acceleration of the reaction. Together, these studies shed light on the role of the S,O-ligand in promoting Pd-catalyzed C-H functionalization reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kananat Naksomboon
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Enrique Gómez-Bengoa
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Universidad País Vasco, UPV/EHU Apdo. 1072 20080 San Sebastian Spain
| | - Jaya Mehara
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Jana Roithová
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Edwin Otten
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - M Ángeles Fernández-Ibáñez
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
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13
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Sun GQ, Yu P, Zhang W, Zhang W, Wang Y, Liao LL, Zhang Z, Li L, Lu Z, Yu DG, Lin S. Electrochemical reactor dictates site selectivity in N-heteroarene carboxylations. Nature 2023; 615:67-72. [PMID: 36603811 PMCID: PMC10036166 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05667-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Pyridines and related N-heteroarenes are commonly found in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and other biologically active compounds1,2. Site-selective C-H functionalization would provide a direct way of making these medicinally active products3-5. For example, nicotinic acid derivatives could be made by C-H carboxylation, but this remains an elusive transformation6-8. Here we describe the development of an electrochemical strategy for the direct carboxylation of pyridines using CO2. The choice of the electrolysis setup gives rise to divergent site selectivity: a divided electrochemical cell leads to C5 carboxylation, whereas an undivided cell promotes C4 carboxylation. The undivided-cell reaction is proposed to operate through a paired-electrolysis mechanism9,10, in which both cathodic and anodic events play critical roles in altering the site selectivity. Specifically, anodically generated iodine preferentially reacts with a key radical anion intermediate in the C4-carboxylation pathway through hydrogen-atom transfer, thus diverting the reaction selectivity by means of the Curtin-Hammett principle11. The scope of the transformation was expanded to a wide range of N-heteroarenes, including bipyridines and terpyridines, pyrimidines, pyrazines and quinolines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Quan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Li-Li Liao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhipeng Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Da-Gang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Song Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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14
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Meng G, Hu L, Tomanik M, Yu JQ. β- and γ-C(sp 3 )-H Heteroarylation of Free Carboxylic Acids: A Modular Synthetic Platform for Diverse Quaternary Carbon Centers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214459. [PMID: 36307373 PMCID: PMC10150778 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PdII -catalyzed C(sp3 )-H activation of free carboxylic acids represents a significant advance from conventional cyclopalladation initiated reactions. However, developing a modular synthetic platform for diverse quaternary and tertiary carbon centers based on this reactivity, two challenges remain to be addressed: mono-selectivity in each consecutive C-H functionalization step; compatibility with heteroatoms. While the exclusive mono-selectivity was achieved by β-lactonization/nucleophilic attack, the latter limitation remains to be overcome. Herein, we report the PdII -catalyzed β- and γ-C(sp3 )-H heteroarylation of free carboxylic acids using pyridine-pyridone ligands capable of overcoming these limitations. A sequence of three consecutive C(sp3 )-H activation reactions of pivalic acid provides an unique platform for constructing diverse quaternary carbon centers containing heteroaryls which could serve as an enabling tool for escaping the flat land in medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangrong Meng
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Liang Hu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Martin Tomanik
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jin-Quan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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15
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Zhang M, Zhou Q, Luo H, Tang ZL, Xu X, Wang XC. C3-Cyanation of Pyridines: Constraints on Electrophiles and Determinants of Regioselectivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216894. [PMID: 36517651 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Methods for C-H cyanation of pyridines are rare. Here, we report a method for C3-selective cyanation of pyridines by a tandem process with the reaction of an in situ generated dihydropyridine with a cyano electrophile as the key step. The method is suitable for late-stage functionalization of pyridine drugs. The low reduction potential of the electrophile and effective transfer of the nitrile group were found to be essential for the success of this method. We studied the reaction mechanism in detail by means of control experiments and theoretical calculations and found that a combination of electronic and steric factors determined the regioselectivity of reactions involving C2-substituted pyridines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Qingyang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Heng Luo
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zi-Lu Tang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiufang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiao-Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
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16
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Singh SP, Srivastava V, Singh PK, Singh PP. Visible-light induced eosin Y catalysed C(sp2)-H alkylation of carbonyl substrates via direct HAT. Tetrahedron 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2023.133245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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17
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Xue J, Luo Z, Huang J, Deng Y, Dong S, Liu S. Enantioselective Construction of C3-Multifunctionalization α-Hydroxy-β-amino Pyridines via α-Pyridyl Diazoacetate, Water, and Imines for Drug Hunting. Org Lett 2022; 24:9502-9507. [PMID: 36537781 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
An asymmetric catalytic approach for the construction of C3-multifunctionalization α-hydroxy-β-amino pyridines has been reported. The products can be accessed by the modulation of two chiral catalysts independently in high yield and with good enantioselectivity. The method features mild reaction conditions and an excellent functional group tolerance. Biological activity analysis shows that the resulting products have a selective antiosteosarcoma activity on 143B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xue
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Zhengli Luo
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Jisheng Huang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Yaqi Deng
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Suzhen Dong
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Shunying Liu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
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18
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Cao H, Cheng Q, Studer A. Radical and ionic
meta
-C–H functionalization of pyridines, quinolines, and isoquinolines. Science 2022; 378:779-785. [DOI: 10.1126/science.ade6029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Carbon-hydrogen (C−H) functionalization of pyridines is a powerful tool for the rapid construction and derivatization of many agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, and materials. Because of the inherent electronic properties of pyridines, selective
meta
-C−H functionalization is challenging. Here, we present a protocol for highly regioselective
meta
-C−H trifluoromethylation, perfluoroalkylation, chlorination, bromination, iodination, nitration, sulfanylation, and selenylation of pyridines through a redox-neutral dearomatization-rearomatization process. The introduced dearomative activation mode provides a diversification platform for meta-selective reactions on pyridines and other azaarenes through radical as well as ionic pathways. The broad scope and high selectivity of these catalyst-free reactions render these processes applicable for late-stage functionalization of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Cao
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Qiang Cheng
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Armido Studer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
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19
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Direct photolysis of N-methoxypyridiniums for the pyridylation of carbon/heteroatom-hydrogen bonds. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1399-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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20
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Fan Z, Chen X, Tanaka K, Park HS, Lam NYS, Wong JJ, Houk KN, Yu JQ. Molecular editing of aza-arene C-H bonds by distance, geometry and chirality. Nature 2022; 610:87-93. [PMID: 35944562 PMCID: PMC10292866 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05175-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Direct molecular editing of heteroarene carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bonds through consecutive selective C-H functionalization has the potential to grant rapid access into diverse chemical spaces, which is a valuable but often challenging venture to achieve in medicinal chemistry1. In contrast to electronically biased heterocyclic C-H bonds2-9, remote benzocyclic C-H bonds on bicyclic aza-arenes are especially difficult to differentiate because of the lack of intrinsic steric/electronic biases10-12. Here we report two conceptually distinct directing templates that enable the modular differentiation and functionalization of adjacent remote (C6 versus C7) and positionally similar (C3 versus C7) positions on bicyclic aza-arenes through careful modulation of distance, geometry and previously unconsidered chirality in template design. This strategy enables direct C-H olefination, alkynylation and allylation at adjacent C6 and C7 positions of quinolines in the presence of a competing C3 position that is spatially similar to C7. Notably, such site-selective, iterative and late-stage C-H editing of quinoline-containing pharmacophores can be performed in a modular fashion in different orders to suit bespoke synthetic applications. This Article, in combination with previously reported complementary methods, now fully establishes a unified late-stage 'molecular editing' strategy to directly modify bicyclic aza-arenes at any given site in different orders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhoulong Fan
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Xiangyang Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Keita Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Han Seul Park
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nelson Y S Lam
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan J Wong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Jin-Quan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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21
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Bai JF, Majjigapu SR, Sordat B, Poty S, Vogel P, Elías-Rodríguez P, Moreno-Vargas AJ, Carmona AT, Caffa I, Ghanem M, Khalifa A, Monacelli F, Cea M, Robina I, Gajate C, Mollinedo F, Bellotti A, Nahimana A, Duchosal M, Nencioni A. Identification of new FK866 analogues with potent anticancer activity against pancreatic cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 239:114504. [PMID: 35724566 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal diseases for which chemotherapy has not been very successful yet. FK866 ((E)-N-(4-(1-benzoylpiperidin-4-yl)butyl)-3-(pyridin-3-yl)acrylamide) is a well-known NAMPT (nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase) inhibitor with anti-cancer activities, but it failed in phase II clinical trials. We found that FK866 shows anti-proliferative activity in three PDAC cell lines, as well as in Jurkat T-cell leukemia cells. More than 50 FK866 analogues were synthesized that introduce substituents on the phenyl ring of the piperidine benzamide group of FK866 and exchange its buta-1,4-diyl tether for 1-oxyprop-3-yl, (E)-but-2-en-1,4-diyl and 2- and 3-carbon tethers. The pyridin-3-yl moiety of FK866 was exchanged for chlorinated and fluorinated analogues and for pyrazin-2-yl and pyridazin-4-yl groups. Several compounds showed low nanomolar or sub-nanomolar cell growth inhibitory activity. Our best cell anti-proliferative compounds were the 2,4,6-trimethoxybenzamide analogue of FK866 ((E)-N-(4-(1-(2,4,6-trimethoxybenzoyl)piperidin-4-yl)butyl)-3-(pyridin-3-yl)acrylamide) (9), the 2,6-dimethoxybenzamide (8) and 2-methoxybenzamide (4), which exhibited an IC50 of 0.16 nM, 0.004 nM and 0.08 nM toward PDAC cells, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Fei Bai
- Laboratory of Glycochemistry and Asymmetric Synthesis, Swiss Institute of Technology (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Somi Reddy Majjigapu
- Laboratory of Glycochemistry and Asymmetric Synthesis, Swiss Institute of Technology (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bernard Sordat
- Laboratory of Glycochemistry and Asymmetric Synthesis, Swiss Institute of Technology (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Poty
- Laboratory of Glycochemistry and Asymmetric Synthesis, Swiss Institute of Technology (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Vogel
- Laboratory of Glycochemistry and Asymmetric Synthesis, Swiss Institute of Technology (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pilar Elías-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, 41012, Spain
| | - Antonio J Moreno-Vargas
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, 41012, Spain
| | - Ana T Carmona
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, 41012, Spain
| | - Irene Caffa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Moustafa Ghanem
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Amr Khalifa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy; Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
| | - Fiammetta Monacelli
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy; Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
| | - Michele Cea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy; Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
| | - Inmaculada Robina
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, 41012, Spain
| | - Consuelo Gajate
- Laboratory of Cell Death and Cancer Therapy, Department of Molecular Biomedicine Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Faustino Mollinedo
- Laboratory of Cell Death and Cancer Therapy, Department of Molecular Biomedicine Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Axel Bellotti
- Central Laboratory of Hematology, Medical Laboratory and Pathology Department, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aimable Nahimana
- Central Laboratory of Hematology, Medical Laboratory and Pathology Department, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michel Duchosal
- Central Laboratory of Hematology, Medical Laboratory and Pathology Department, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland; Service of Hematology, Oncology Department, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alessio Nencioni
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy; Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Genoa, Italy.
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22
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Ma JB, Zhao X, Zhang D, Shi SL. Enantio- and Regioselective Ni-Catalyzed para-C-H Alkylation of Pyridines with Styrenes via Intermolecular Hydroarylation. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:13643-13651. [PMID: 35857884 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c04043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Direct asymmetric functionalization of the pyridyl C-H bond represents a longstanding challenge in organic chemistry. We herein describe the first enantioselective para-C-H activation of pyridines through the use of a Ni-Al bimetallic catalyst system and N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand for intermolecular hydroarylation of styrenes. The reaction procceds in high to excellent enantioselectivities (up to 98.5:1.5 er) and high site-selectivities for both styrene and pyridine components (up to >98:2). Consequently, a broad range of enantioenriched 1,1-diarylalkanes containing pyridine moieties could be prepared in a single step with 100% atom economy. Computational studies supported a mechanism involving a ligand-to-ligand H-transfer (LLHT) and reductive elimination sequence, with LLHT being the rate- and enantioselectivity-determining step. DFT studies indicate that the π-π stacking interaction between the NHC aryl fragment and trans-styrenes is critical for high reactivity and enantiocontrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Bao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Key Lab of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Dongju Zhang
- Key Lab of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Shi-Liang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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23
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Jia C, Wu N, Li G, Cui X. meta-Allylation of Arenes via Ruthenium-Catalyzed Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling. J Org Chem 2022; 87:6934-6941. [PMID: 35486707 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A successful example of oxidative meta-dehydrogenative allylation of arenes with alkenes has been developed using Ru(PPh3)3Cl2 as a catalyst and DTBP as an oxidant. In the allylation process, pyrimidines, pyrazoles, and purines, found widely in nucleosides, were effective auxiliary groups. Gram-scale experiments took place smoothly under optimized conditions. Mechanistic studies indicated that ruthenium-catalyzed meta-dehydrogenative allylation was a free-radical process. The allylation process developed herein provides an efficient and practical strategy to prepare versatile meta-allylated arenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunqi Jia
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
| | - Nini Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Precise Synthesis of Fluorine-Containing Drugs, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455002, P. R. China
| | - Gang Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Precise Synthesis of Fluorine-Containing Drugs, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455002, P. R. China
| | - Xiuling Cui
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
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24
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Luo L, Tang J, Sun R, Li W, Zheng X, Yuan M, Li R, Chen H, Fu H. Direct C-H Sulfonylimination of Pyridinium Salts. Org Lett 2022; 24:2821-2825. [PMID: 35405076 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A direct pyridinium C-H sulfonylimination has been developed for the synthesis of sulfonyl iminopyridine derivatives with high efficiency. This transformation features the direct and efficient formation of a C═N bond with a high functional group tolerance under metal-free conditions. The spectroscopic properties potentially enable these sulfonyl iminopyridine compounds to be useful new emitting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Luo
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
| | - Juan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
| | - Rui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P. R. China
| | - Xueli Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
| | - Maoling Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
| | - Ruixiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
| | - Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Fu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
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25
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Tao Y, Hu R, Xie Z, Lin P, Su W. Cobalt-Catalyzed Regioselective para-Amination of Azobenzenes via Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Hydrogen. J Org Chem 2022; 87:4724-4731. [PMID: 35290054 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The metal-catalyzed nucleophilic aromatic substitution of hydrogen (SNArH) via coordination of the substituent on the aromatic ring to the metal catalyst, in terms of reactivity, substrate type, and reaction selectivity, complements the transition metal-catalyzed C-H functionalization that proceeds via C-H metalation but remains an elusive target. Described herein is the development of an unprecedented cobalt-catalyzed para-selective amination of azobenzenes, which is essentially a metal-promoted SNArH process as revealed by Hammett analysis, thus illustrating the concept that coordination of the substituent on the arene ring to the metal catalyst may result in electrophilic activation of the arene ring toward SNArH. This cobalt-catalyzed protocol allows the use of a variety of both aliphatic amines and anilines as aminating reagents, tolerates electronically diverse substituents of azobenzene, and furnishes the corresponding products in good yields with a regiospecific selectivity for para-amination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yigao Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China.,School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.,Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Rong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China.,School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.,Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zeyu Xie
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Ping Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Weiping Su
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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26
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Chen Y, Zhang G, Guo C, Lan P, Banwell MG, He Y. Silver‐Promoted Radical Ring‐Opening
/
Pyridylation of Cyclobutanols with
N
‐Methoxypyridinium Salts. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104627. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 Guangdong P. R. China
- College of Pharmacy Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Guang‐Yi Zhang
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 Guangdong P. R. China
- College of Pharmacy Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Chan Guo
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 Guangdong P. R. China
- College of Pharmacy Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Ping Lan
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 Guangdong P. R. China
- College of Pharmacy Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Martin G. Banwell
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 Guangdong P. R. China
- College of Pharmacy Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Yu‐Tao He
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 Guangdong P. R. China
- College of Pharmacy Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 Guangdong P. R. China
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27
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Liu Z, He JH, Zhang M, Shi ZJ, Tang H, Zhou XY, Tian JJ, Wang XC. Borane-Catalyzed C3-Alkylation of Pyridines with Imines, Aldehydes, or Ketones as Electrophiles. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:4810-4818. [PMID: 35258282 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Achieving C3-selective pyridine functionalization is a longstanding challenge in organic chemistry. The existing methods, including electrophilic aromatic substitution and C-H activation, often require harsh reaction conditions and excess pyridine and generate multiple regioisomers. Herein, we report a method for borane-catalyzed tandem reactions that result in exclusively C3-selective alkylation of pyridines. These tandem reactions consist of pyridine hydroboration, nucleophilic addition of the resulting dihydropyridine to an imine, an aldehyde, or a ketone, and subsequent oxidative aromatization. Because the pyridine is the limiting reactant and the reaction conditions are mild, this method constitutes a practical tool for late-stage functionalization of structurally complex pharmaceuticals bearing a pyridine moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jia-Hao He
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhu-Jun Shi
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Han Tang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xin-Yue Zhou
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jun-Jie Tian
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiao-Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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28
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Saha A, Guin S, Ali W, Bhattacharya T, Sasmal S, Goswami N, Prakash G, Sinha SK, Chandrashekar HB, Panda S, Anjana SS, Maiti D. Photoinduced Regioselective Olefination of Arenes at Proximal and Distal Sites. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:1929-1940. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c12311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Argha Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Srimanta Guin
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Wajid Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Trisha Bhattacharya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Sheuli Sasmal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Nupur Goswami
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Gaurav Prakash
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Soumya Kumar Sinha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | | | - Sanjib Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - S. S. Anjana
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
- Tokyo Tech World Research Hub Initiative (WRHI) Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
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29
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Wang D, Zhang L, Xiao F, Mao GJ, Deng GJ. Electrochemical Selective C3-Thiolation of Quinolines. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00148a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An electrochemical method has been developed to achieve C3-thiolation of quinoline compounds. This new strategy highlights the maximum atom economy, direct conversion and also the use of simple and readily...
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30
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Zhang T, Luan YX, Lam NYS, Li JF, Li Y, Ye M, Yu JQ. A directive Ni catalyst overrides conventional site selectivity in pyridine C-H alkenylation. Nat Chem 2021; 13:1207-1213. [PMID: 34635815 PMCID: PMC8633040 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-021-00792-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Achieving the transition metal-catalysed pyridine C3-H alkenylation, with pyridine as the limiting reagent, has remained a long-standing challenge. Previously, we disclosed that the use of strong coordinating bidentate ligands can overcome catalyst deactivation and provide Pd-catalysed C3 alkenylation of pyridines. However, this strategy proved ineffective when using pyridine as the limiting reagent, as it required large excesses and high concentrations to achieve reasonable yields, which rendered it inapplicable to complex pyridines prevalent in bioactive molecules. Here we report that a bifunctional N-heterocyclic carbene-ligated Ni-Al catalyst can smoothly furnish C3-H alkenylation of pyridines. This method overrides the intrinsic C2 and/or C4 selectivity, and provides a series of C3-alkenylated pyridines in 43-99% yields and up to 98:2 C3 selectivity. This method not only allows a variety of pyridine and heteroarene substrates to be used as the limiting reagent, but is also effective for the late-stage C3 alkenylation of diverse complex pyridine motifs in bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu-Xin Luan
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Jiang-Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Li
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengchun Ye
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Jin-Quan Yu
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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31
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Kang E, Jeon JE, Jeong S, Kim HT, Joo JM. Sterically controlled C-H alkenylation of pyrroles and thiophenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:11791-11794. [PMID: 34671788 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04378a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Pd-catalyzed C-H alkenylations targeting the least hindered position of N-alkyl pyrroles and 3-substituted thiophenes, as opposed to electronically controlled approaches, are developed. The steric demand and stable bidentate binding mode of the pyrazolonaphthyridine ligand are key to the success of these sterically controlled alkenylations using oxygen as an oxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunsu Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ju Eun Jeon
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
| | - Siyeon Jeong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun Tae Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung Min Joo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
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32
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Villalba F, Albéniz AC. Non‐Chelate‐Assisted Palladium‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Heck Reaction of Fluorobenzenes and Other Arenes: When Does the C−H Activation Need Help? Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Villalba
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica. Universidad de Valladolid. 47071 Valladolid Spain
| | - Ana C. Albéniz
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica. Universidad de Valladolid. 47071 Valladolid Spain
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33
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Sinha SK, Guin S, Maiti S, Biswas JP, Porey S, Maiti D. Toolbox for Distal C-H Bond Functionalizations in Organic Molecules. Chem Rev 2021; 122:5682-5841. [PMID: 34662117 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal catalyzed C-H activation has developed a contemporary approach to the omnipresent area of retrosynthetic disconnection. Scientific researchers have been tempted to take the help of this methodology to plan their synthetic discourses. This paradigm shift has helped in the development of industrial units as well, making the synthesis of natural products and pharmaceutical drugs step-economical. In the vast zone of C-H bond activation, the functionalization of proximal C-H bonds has gained utmost popularity. Unlike the activation of proximal C-H bonds, the distal C-H functionalization is more strenuous and requires distinctly specialized techniques. In this review, we have compiled various methods adopted to functionalize distal C-H bonds, mechanistic insights within each of these procedures, and the scope of the methodology. With this review, we give a complete overview of the expeditious progress the distal C-H activation has made in the field of synthetic organic chemistry while also highlighting its pitfalls, thus leaving the field open for further synthetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Kumar Sinha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Srimanta Guin
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Sudip Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Jyoti Prasad Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Sandip Porey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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34
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Lin H, Li Y, Wang J, Zhang M, Jiang T, Li J, Chen Y. Ortho
‐C–H addition of 2‐substituted pyridines with alkenes and imines enabled by mono(phosphinoamido)‐rare earth complexes. Appl Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Lin
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Tianjin University of Science and Technology (TUST) Tianjin China
| | - Yongrui Li
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Tianjin University of Science and Technology (TUST) Tianjin China
| | - Jinyu Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Tianjin University of Science and Technology (TUST) Tianjin China
| | - Mei Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Tianjin University of Science and Technology (TUST) Tianjin China
| | - Tao Jiang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Tianjin University of Science and Technology (TUST) Tianjin China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering Tianjin University of Science and Technology (TUST) Tianjin China
| | - Yanhui Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Tianjin University of Science and Technology (TUST) Tianjin China
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35
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36
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Corio A, Gravier-Pelletier C, Busca P. Regioselective Functionalization of Quinolines through C-H Activation: A Comprehensive Review. Molecules 2021; 26:5467. [PMID: 34576936 PMCID: PMC8466797 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinoline is a versatile heterocycle that is part of numerous natural products and countless drugs. During the last decades, this scaffold also became widely used as ligand in organometallic catalysis. Therefore, access to functionalized quinolines is of great importance and continuous efforts have been made to develop efficient and regioselective synthetic methods. In this regard, C-H functionalization through transition metal catalysis, which is nowadays the Graal of organic green chemistry, represents the most attractive strategy. We aim herein at providing a comprehensive review of methods that allow site-selective metal-catalyzed C-H functionalization of quinolines, or their quinoline N-oxides counterparts, with a specific focus on their scope and limitations, as well as mechanistic aspects if that accounts for the selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Patricia Busca
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, UMR CNRS 8601, Université de Paris, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France; (A.C.); (C.G.-P.)
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37
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Xu XK, Liu JW, Li DY, Liu PN. Pd-Catalyzed Direct C-H Activation for the C5-Olefination of Methyleneindolinones. J Org Chem 2021; 86:7288-7295. [PMID: 33955751 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The direct C-H activation without directing groups can realize the para-selectivity, which is a powerful and concise approach for functionalization of arenes. Utilizing the strategy, a C5-olefination of methyleneindolinones has been successfully developed by palladium-catalyzed direct C-H activation, which provides an expeditious access to 5-vinylindolin-2-ones with high regioselectivity. The protocol is distinguished by a mild reaction system avoiding ligand and high temperature. The kinetic isotope experiments indicate that the C-H bond cleavage is the rate-limiting step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Kuan Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jian-Wei Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Deng-Yuan Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Pei-Nian Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, China
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38
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Chheda PR, Kummer DA, Nishimura RT, McClure KJ, Venkatesan H. One-Pot Reductive Alkylation of 2,4-Dihydroxy Quinolines and Pyridines. J Org Chem 2021; 86:7148-7162. [PMID: 33913727 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A one-pot, Hantzsch ester-mediated Knoevenagel condensation-reduction reaction has been developed for alkylation of a wide range of substituted 2,4-quinoline diols and 2,4-pyridine diols with aldehydes. The process is operationally simple to perform, scalable, and provides highly useful C-3 alkylated quinoline and pyridine diols in yields of 58-92%. The alkylation products can be converted to 2,4-dihaloquinoline and pyridine substrates for further functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik R Chheda
- Discovery Chemistry, Janssen Research and Development, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - David A Kummer
- Lundbeck La Jolla Research Center, Inc., 10835 Road to the Cure, Suite 250, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Rachel T Nishimura
- Discovery Chemistry, Janssen Research and Development, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Kelly J McClure
- Discovery Chemistry, Janssen Research and Development, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Hariharan Venkatesan
- Discovery Chemistry, Janssen Research and Development, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
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39
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Kim HT, Kang E, Kim M, Joo JM. Synthesis of Bidentate Nitrogen Ligands by Rh-Catalyzed C–H Annulation and Their Application to Pd-Catalyzed Aerobic C–H Alkenylation. Org Lett 2021; 23:3657-3662. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Tae Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsu Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyu Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Joo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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40
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Salazar CA, Flesch KN, Haines BE, Zhou PS, Musaev DG, Stahl SS. Tailored quinones support high-turnover Pd catalysts for oxidative C-H arylation with O 2. Science 2020; 370:1454-1460. [PMID: 33214286 DOI: 10.1126/science.abd1085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Palladium(II)-catalyzed carbon-hydrogen (C-H) oxidation reactions could streamline the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and other complex organic molecules. Existing methods, however, commonly exhibit poor catalyst performance with high palladium (Pd) loading (e.g., 10 mole %) and a need for (super)stoichiometric quantities of undesirable oxidants, such as benzoquinone and silver(I) salts. The present study probes the mechanism of a representative Pd-catalyzed oxidative C-H arylation reaction and elucidates mechanistic features that undermine catalyst performance, including substrate-consuming side reactions and sequestration of the catalyst as an inactive species. Systematic tuning of the quinone cocatalyst overcomes these deleterious features. Use of 2,5-di-tert-butyl-p-benzoquinone enables efficient use of molecular oxygen as the oxidant, high reaction yields, and >1900 turnovers by the Pd catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chase A Salazar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Kaylin N Flesch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Brandon E Haines
- Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Philip S Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Djamaladdin G Musaev
- Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Shannon S Stahl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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41
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Li G, An J, Jia C, Yan B, Zhong L, Wang J, Yang S. m-CAr–H Bond Alkylations and Difluoromethylation of Tertiary Phosphines Using a Ruthenium Catalyst. Org Lett 2020; 22:9450-9455. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Province Key Laboratory of New Optoelectronic Functional Materials, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455002, P. R. China
| | - Jiangzhen An
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Province Key Laboratory of New Optoelectronic Functional Materials, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455002, P. R. China
| | - Chunqi Jia
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
| | - Bingxu Yan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Province Key Laboratory of New Optoelectronic Functional Materials, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455002, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Province Key Laboratory of New Optoelectronic Functional Materials, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455002, P. R. China
| | - Junjie Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Province Key Laboratory of New Optoelectronic Functional Materials, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455002, P. R. China
| | - Suling Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Province Key Laboratory of New Optoelectronic Functional Materials, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455002, P. R. China
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42
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Li G, Gao Y, Jia C, Wang S, Yan B, Fang Y, Yang S. Meta-Dehydrogenative Alkylation of Arenes with Ethers, Ketones, and Esters Catalyzed by Ruthenium. Org Lett 2020; 22:8758-8763. [PMID: 33151082 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A meta-dehydrogenative alkylation of arenes with cyclic ethers, ketones, and esters catalyzed by ruthenium is achieved in the presence of a di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) oxidant. Interestingly, when quinoline and isoquinoline are employed as the directing group, or a chain ether as alkylation reagent, the system produces Minisci reaction products. Mechanistic study indicates that meta-dehydrogenative alkylation is a radical process initiated by DTBP with the assistance of a CAr-Ru bond ortho/para-directing effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Province Key Laboratory of New Optoelectronic Functional Materials, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455002, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Province Key Laboratory of New Optoelectronic Functional Materials, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455002, P.R. China
| | - Chunqi Jia
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P.R. China
| | - Shichong Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Province Key Laboratory of New Optoelectronic Functional Materials, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455002, P.R. China
| | - Bingxu Yan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Province Key Laboratory of New Optoelectronic Functional Materials, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455002, P.R. China
| | - Yu Fang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Province Key Laboratory of New Optoelectronic Functional Materials, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455002, P.R. China
| | - Suling Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Province Key Laboratory of New Optoelectronic Functional Materials, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455002, P.R. China
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43
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Van Velthoven N, Wang Y, Van Hees H, Henrion M, Bugaev AL, Gracy G, Amro K, Soldatov AV, Alauzun JG, Mutin PH, De Vos DE. Heterogeneous Single-Site Catalysts for C-H Activation Reactions: Pd(II)-Loaded S,O-Functionalized Metal Oxide-Bisphosphonates. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:47457-47466. [PMID: 32970411 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c12325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous single-site catalysts contain spatially isolated, well-defined active sites. This allows not only their easy recovery by solid-liquid separation but also the detailed active site design similar to homogeneous catalysts. Here, heterogeneous Pd(II) single-site catalysts were assembled, based on mesoporous metal oxide-bisphosphonate materials as supports. This new family of hybrid organic-inorganic materials with tunable porosity was further functionalized with thioether ligands containing S,O-binding sites that enhance the activity of Pd(II) for C-H activation reactions. The structures of the resulting Pd(II) single-site catalysts were carefully analyzed via solid-state NMR spectroscopy, via texture analysis by N2 physisorption, infrared spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, the immediate environment of the isolated Pd(II) active sites was studied with X-ray absorption spectroscopy. A clear relationship between the thioether ligand surface density and catalyst activity could be established. Significantly higher yields were obtained using highly porous metal oxide-bisphosphonate materials as supports compared to materials with lower porosities, such as conventional metal oxides, indicating that the high surface area facilitates the presence of isolated, well-accessible S,O-supported Pd(II) active sites. A wide scope of model substrates, including industrially relevant arenes, can be converted with high yields by the optimal heterogeneous Pd catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Van Velthoven
- Centre For Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, P.O. Box 2461, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yanhui Wang
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, UMR5253 CNRS-UM-ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Hannah Van Hees
- Centre For Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, P.O. Box 2461, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mickaël Henrion
- Centre For Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, P.O. Box 2461, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Aram L Bugaev
- The Smart Materials Research Institute, Southern Federal University, Sladkova 178/24, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Guillaume Gracy
- SiKÉMIA, Place Eugène Bataillon, cc1701, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Kassem Amro
- SiKÉMIA, Place Eugène Bataillon, cc1701, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Alexander V Soldatov
- The Smart Materials Research Institute, Southern Federal University, Sladkova 178/24, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Johan G Alauzun
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, UMR5253 CNRS-UM-ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - P Hubert Mutin
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, UMR5253 CNRS-UM-ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Dirk E De Vos
- Centre For Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, P.O. Box 2461, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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44
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Li W, Tang J, Li S, Zheng X, Yuan M, Xu B, Jiang W, Haiyan Fu, Li R, Chen H. Stereodivergent Synthesis of Alkenylpyridines via Pd/Cu Catalyzed C-H Alkenylation of Pyridinium Salts with Alkynes. Org Lett 2020; 22:7814-7819. [PMID: 33026228 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The first Pd/Cu catalyzed selective C2-alkenylation of pyridines with internal alkynes has been developed via the pyridinium salt activation strategy. Importantly, the configuration of the product alkenylpyridines could be tuned by the choice of the proper N-alkyl group of the pyridinium salts, thus allowing for both the Z- and E-alkenylpyridines synthesized with good regio- and stereoselectivity. A plausible mechanism was proposed based on the Hammett study and KIE experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Juan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Shun Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Xueli Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Maolin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Bin Xu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Sichuan, Zigong 643000, P. R. China
| | - Weidong Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Sichuan, Zigong 643000, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Fu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Ruixiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
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45
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Wang Y, Li R, Guan W, Li Y, Li X, Yin J, Zhang G, Zhang Q, Xiong T, Zhang Q. Organoborohydride-catalyzed Chichibabin-type C4-position alkylation of pyridines with alkenes assisted by organoboranes. Chem Sci 2020; 11:11554-11561. [PMID: 34094401 PMCID: PMC8162492 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04808a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The first NaBEt3H-catalyzed intermolecular Chichibabin-type alkylation of pyridine and its derivatives with alkenes as the latent nucleophiles is presented with the assistance of BEt3, and a series of branched C4-alkylation pyridines, even highly congested all-carbon quaternary center-containing triarylmethanes can be obtained in a regiospecific manner. Therefore, the conventional reliance on high cost and low availability transition metal catalysts, prior formation of N-activated pyridines, organometallic reagents, and extra oxidation operation for the construction of a C–C bond at the C4-position of the pyridines in previous methods are not required. The corresponding mechanism and the key roles of the organoborane were elaborated by the combination of H/D scrambling experiments, 11B NMR studies, intermediate trapping experiments and computational studies. This straightforward and mechanistically distinct organocatalytic technology not only opens a new door for the classical but still far less well-developed Chichibabin-type reaction, but also sets up a new platform for the development of novel C–C bond-forming methods. The first NaBEt3H-catalyzed intermolecular Chichibabin-type alkylation of pyridines with alkenes as the latent nucleophiles is presented in the presence of BEt3, and a series of branched C4-alkylated pyridines were obtained in a regiospecific manner.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 China
| | - Runhan Li
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 China
| | - Wei Guan
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 China
| | - Yanfei Li
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 China
| | - Jianjun Yin
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 China
| | - Tao Xiong
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 China .,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
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46
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Van Velthoven N, Henrion M, Dallenes J, Krajnc A, Bugaev AL, Liu P, Bals S, Soldatov AV, Mali G, De Vos DE. S,O-Functionalized Metal–Organic Frameworks as Heterogeneous Single-Site Catalysts for the Oxidative Alkenylation of Arenes via C–H activation. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c00801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niels Van Velthoven
- Centre For Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F p. o. box 2461, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mickaël Henrion
- Centre For Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F p. o. box 2461, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jesse Dallenes
- Centre For Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F p. o. box 2461, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andraž Krajnc
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Technology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Aram L. Bugaev
- The Smart Materials Research Center, Southern Federal University, Sladkova 178/24, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
- Southern Scientific Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chekhova 41, 344006 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Pei Liu
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Science, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sara Bals
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Science, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Alexander V. Soldatov
- The Smart Materials Research Center, Southern Federal University, Sladkova 178/24, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Gregor Mali
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Technology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Dirk E. De Vos
- Centre For Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F p. o. box 2461, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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47
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Zhang Y, Chen ZN, Zhang X, Deng X, Zhuang W, Su W. Iodide-enhanced palladium catalysis via formation of iodide-bridged binuclear palladium complex. Commun Chem 2020; 3:41. [PMID: 36703411 PMCID: PMC9814094 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-020-0287-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of metalloenzymes with multinuclear metal complexes in their active sites inspires chemists' interest in the development of multinuclear catalysts. Studies in this area commonly focus on binuclear catalysts containing either metal-metal bond or electronically discrete, conformationally advantageous metal centres connected by multidentate ligands, while in many multinuclear metalloenzymes the metal centres are bridged through μ2-ligands without a metal-metal bond. We report herein a μ2-iodide-bridged binuclear palladium catalyst which accelerates the C-H nitrosation/annulation reaction and significantly enhances its yield compared with palladium acetate catalyst. The superior activity of this binuclear palladium catalyst is attributed to the trans effect-relay through the iodide bridge from one palladium sphere to the other palladium sphere, which facilitates dissociation of the stable six-membered chelating ring in palladium intermediate and accelerates the catalytic cycle. Such a trans effect-relay represents a bimetallic cooperation mode and may open an avenue to design and develop multinuclear catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfei Zhang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou, 350002 PR China
| | - Zhe-Ning Chen
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou, 350002 PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou, 350002 PR China
| | - Xi Deng
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou, 350002 PR China
| | - Wei Zhuang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou, 350002 PR China
| | - Weiping Su
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou, 350002 PR China ,grid.9227.e0000000119573309Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032 PR China
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48
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Jia C, Wu N, Cai X, Li G, Zhong L, Zou L, Cui X. Ruthenium-Catalyzed meta-Selective C Ar-H Bond Formylation of Arenes. J Org Chem 2020; 85:4536-4542. [PMID: 32133850 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The meta-CAr-H bond formylation of arenes has been achieved using CHBr3 as a formyl source in the presence of [Ru(p-cym)(OAc)2] as a catalyst. This method provides efficient access to the preparation of various meta-substituted aromatic compounds, such as alcohols, ethers, amines, nitriles, alkenes, halogens, carboxylic acids, and their derivatives, through transformation of the versatile formyl group. Furthermore, mechanistic studies show that the key active species is a pentagonal ruthenacycle complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunqi Jia
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
| | - Nini Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Province Key Laboratory of New Optoelectronic Functional Materials, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Cai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Province Key Laboratory of New Optoelectronic Functional Materials, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, P. R. China
| | - Gang Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Province Key Laboratory of New Optoelectronic Functional Materials, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Province Key Laboratory of New Optoelectronic Functional Materials, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Province Key Laboratory of New Optoelectronic Functional Materials, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, P. R. China
| | - Xiuling Cui
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
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49
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Shi H, Lu Y, Weng J, Bay KL, Chen X, Tanaka K, Verma P, Houk KN, Yu JQ. Differentiation and functionalization of remote C-H bonds in adjacent positions. Nat Chem 2020; 12:399-404. [PMID: 32123338 PMCID: PMC7155936 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-020-0424-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Site-selective functionalization of C–H bonds will ultimately afford chemists transformative tools for editing and constructing complex molecular architectures. Towards this goal, developing strategies to activate C–H bonds that are distal from a functional group is essential. In this context, distinguishing remote C–H bonds on adjacent carbon atoms is an extraordinary challenge due to the lack of electronic or steric bias between the two positions. Herein, we report the design of a catalytic system leveraging a remote directing template and a transient norbornene mediator to selectively activate a previously inaccessible remote C–H bond that is one bond further away. The generality of this approach has been demonstrated with a range of heterocycles, including a complex anti-leukemia agent, and hydrocinnamic acid substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Shi
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yi Lu
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jiang Weng
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Katherine L Bay
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xiangyang Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Keita Tanaka
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pritha Verma
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kendall N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Jin-Quan Yu
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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50
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Yang T, Kong C, Yang S, Yang Z, Yang S, Ehara M. Reaction mechanism, norbornene and ligand effects, and origins of meta-selectivity of Pd/norbornene-catalyzed C–H activation. Chem Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04720d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Density functional theory calculations disclosed the key steps of Pd/norbornene-catalyzed meta-C–H functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- School of Science
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- China
| | - Chuncai Kong
- School of Science
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- China
| | - Shengchun Yang
- School of Science
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- China
| | - Zhimao Yang
- School of Science
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- China
| | - Sen Yang
- School of Science
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- China
| | - Masahiro Ehara
- Research Center for Computational Science
- Institute for Molecular Science
- Okazaki 444-8585
- Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB)
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