1
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Morishita D, Itoh Y, Furukawa K, Arai N, Zhang XJ, Aida T. Supramolecular copolymerization of hydrophobic and hydrophilic monomers in liquid crystalline media. Chem Sci 2024; 15:4068-4074. [PMID: 38487215 PMCID: PMC10935670 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06341k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
In the case of covalent polymers, immiscible polymers can be integrated by covalently linking them together, but such a strategy is not possible in supramolecular polymers. Here we report the supramolecular copolymerization of two porphyrin-based monomers, C10P2H and TEGPCu with side chains bearing cyanobiphenyl (CB) groups at the ends of hydrophobic alkyl or hydrophilic tetraethylene glycol chains, respectively. These monomers undergo self-sorting supramolecular polymerization in highly diluted solutions ([monomer] = 3.4 × 10-9 mol% (2.0 × 10-8 mol L-1)) in nonpolar media due to the incompatibility of the side chains. Surprisingly, these monomers undergo supramolecular copolymerization under high concentration conditions ([monomer] = 7.7 mol%) in the medium of 4-cyano-4'-pentyloxybiphenyl (5OCB) to form a columnar liquid crystalline phase under thermodynamic conditions, where the individual columns are composed of supramolecular block copolymers. The combination of CB ends of both monomers and the 5OCB medium is essential for the two monomers to form an integrated structure in a condensed system without phase separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Morishita
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Itoh
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi Saitama 332-0012 Japan
| | - Ko Furukawa
- Center for Coordination of Research Facilities, Institute for Research Administration, Niigata University 8050 Ikarashi 2-no-cho, Nishi-ku Niigata 950-2181 Japan
| | - Noriyoshi Arai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Keio University 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
| | - Xu-Jie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Takuzo Aida
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
- Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
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2
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Shah SJ, Pandit YA, Garribba E, Ishida M, Rath SP. Stable Dication Diradicals of Triply Fused Metallo Chlorin-Porphyrin Heterodimers: Impact of the Bridge on the Control of Spin Coupling to Reactivity. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301963. [PMID: 37602834 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
We report an unexpected rearrangement, controlled by the nature of the bridge, leading to the formation of novel, remarkably stable triply fused dinickel(II)/dicopper(II) chlorin-porphyrin dication diradical heterodimers in excellent yields. Here, a dipyrromethene bridge gets completely fused between two porphyrin macrocycles with two new C-C and one C-N bonds. The two macrocycles exhibit extensive π-conjugation through the bridge, which results in an antiferromagnetic coupling between the two π-cation radicals. In addition, the macrocyclic distortion also favours a rare intramolecular ferromagnetic interaction between the CuII and π-cation radical spins to form a triplet state. The structural and electronic perturbation in the unconjugated dication diradical possibly enables the bridging pyrrolic nitrogen to undergo a nucleophilic attack at the nearby β-carbon of the porphyrin π-cation radical with a computed free energy barrier of >20 kcal mol-1 which was supplied in the form of reflux condition to initiate such a rearrangement process. UV-vis, EPR and ESI-MS spectroscopies were used to monitor the rearrangement process in situ in order to identify the key reactive intermediates leading to such an unusual transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Jehanger Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India
| | - Younis Ahmad Pandit
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India
| | - Eugenio Garribba
- Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Farmacia, Università di Sassari, Viale San Pietro, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Masatoshi Ishida
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Sankar Prasad Rath
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India
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3
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Das S, Sai Naik MB, Maliyekkal G, Maity SB, Jana A. Recent update on the electroactive oligopyrrolic macrocyclic hosts with a Bucky-ball heart. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:12972-12985. [PMID: 37828866 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04028c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular chemistry is a multidisciplinary research area mostly associated with the investigation of host-guest interactions within intricate three-dimensional (3D) molecular architectures held together reversibly by various non-covalent interactions. Continuous efforts to develop such kinds of complex host-guest systems with designer oligopyrrolic macrocyclic receptors are a rapidly growing research domain, which is deeply involved in applied supramolecular chemistry research. These host-guest supramolecular complexes can be constructed by combining suitable electron-rich oligopyrrolic donors (as a host) with complementary electron-poor guests (as acceptors), held together by the ionic force of attraction triggered by intermolecular charge/electron transfer (CT/ET) transitions. Some of these resulting CT/ET ensembles are potential candidates for the construction of efficient optoelectronic materials, optical sensors, molecular switches, etc. In this Feature Article we aim to focus on these supramolecular ensembles composed by size and shape complementary electroactive oligopyrrolic molecular containers, which are suitable for spherical guest (e.g., buckminsterfullerene) complexation. We also provide a "state-of-the-art" overview on plausible applications of these particular host-guest systems. Our aim is to cover only specific electron-rich tetrathiafulvalene (TTF)-based oligopyrrolic receptors, e.g., TTF-calix[4]pyrroles, TTF-cryptands, TTF-porphyrins and exTTF-porphyrin-based molecular motifs reported to date, along with a brief outlining of their "functional behaviour" in materials chemistry research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhasree Das
- Applied Supramolecular Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (GITAM), Gandhinagar, Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam - 530045, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - M Bhargav Sai Naik
- Applied Supramolecular Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (GITAM), Gandhinagar, Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam - 530045, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - Godwin Maliyekkal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, IISER Mohali, Manauli - 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Shubhra Bikash Maity
- Faculty of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, C. V. Raman Global University, Bhubaneswar - 752054, India
| | - Atanu Jana
- Applied Supramolecular Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (GITAM), Gandhinagar, Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam - 530045, Andhra Pradesh, India.
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4
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Chen H, Roy I, Myong MS, Seale JSW, Cai K, Jiao Y, Liu W, Song B, Zhang L, Zhao X, Feng Y, Liu F, Young RM, Wasielewski MR, Stoddart JF. Triplet-Triplet Annihilation Upconversion in a Porphyrinic Molecular Container. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:10061-10070. [PMID: 37098077 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Triplet-triplet annihilation-based molecular photon upconversion (TTA-UC) is a photophysical phenomenon that can yield high-energy emitting photons from low-energy incident light. TTA-UC is believed to fuse two triplet excitons into a singlet exciton through several consecutive energy-conversion processes. When organic aromatic dyes─i.e., sensitizers and annihilators─are used in TTA-UC, intermolecular distances, as well as relative orientations between the two chromophores, are important in an attempt to attain high upconversion efficiencies. Herein, we demonstrate a host-guest strategy─e.g., a cage-like molecular container incorporating two porphyrinic sensitizers and encapsulating two perylene emitters inside its cavity─to harness photon upconversion. Central to this design is tailoring the cavity size (9.6-10.4 Å) of the molecular container so that it can host two annihilators with a suitable [π···π] distance (3.2-3.5 Å). The formation of a complex with a host:guest ratio of 1:2 between a porphyrinic molecular container and perylene was confirmed by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) as well as by DFT calculations. We have obtained TTA-UC yielding blue emission at 470 nm when the complex is excited with low-energy photons. This proof-of-concept demonstrates that TTA-UC can take place in one supermolecule by bringing together the sensitizers and annihilators. Our investigations open up some new opportunities for addressing several issues associated with supramolecular photon upconversion, such as sample concentrations, molecular aggregation, and penetration depths, which have relevance to biological imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311215, China
| | - Indranil Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Michele S Myong
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - James S W Seale
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Kang Cai
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Wenqi Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Bo Song
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Long Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Xingang Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Yuanning Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Fangjun Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311215, China
| | - Ryan M Young
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Michael R Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - J Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry, Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311215, China
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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5
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Lu S, Morrow DJ, Li Z, Guo C, Yu X, Wang H, Schultz JD, O'Connor JP, Jin N, Fang F, Wang W, Cui R, Chen O, Su C, Wasielewski MR, Ma X, Li X. Encapsulating Semiconductor Quantum Dots in Supramolecular Cages Enables Ultrafast Guest-Host Electron and Vibrational Energy Transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:5191-5202. [PMID: 36745391 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the field of supramolecular chemistry, host-guest systems have been extensively explored to encapsulate a wide range of substrates, owing to emerging functionalities in nanoconfined space that cannot be achieved in dilute solutions. However, host-guest chemistry is still limited to encapsulation of small guests. Herein, we construct a water-soluble metallo-supramolecular hexagonal prism with a large hydrophobic cavity by anchoring multiple polyethylene glycol chains onto the building blocks. Then, assembled prisms are able to encapsulate quantum dots (QDs) with diameters of less than 5.0 nm. Furthermore, we find that the supramolecular cage around each QD strongly modifies the photophysics of the QD by universally increasing the rates of QD relaxation processes via ultrafast electron and vibrational energy transfer. Taken together, these efforts expand the scope of substrates in host-guest systems and provide a new approach to tune the optical properties of QDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Lu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China.,Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Darien J Morrow
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Zhikai Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Chenxing Guo
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Xiujun Yu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Heng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Jonathan D Schultz
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - James P O'Connor
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Na Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Fang Fang
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Wu Wang
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Ran Cui
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Ou Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Chenliang Su
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Michael R Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Xuedan Ma
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States.,Center for Molecular Quantum Transduction, Northwestern-Argonne Institute of Science and Engineering, 2205 Tech Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Consortium for Advanced Science and Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China.,Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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6
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Rothschild DA, Kopcha WP, Tran A, Zhang J, Lipke MC. Gram-scale synthesis of a covalent nanocage that preserves the redox properties of encapsulated fullerenes. Chem Sci 2022; 13:5325-5332. [PMID: 35655559 PMCID: PMC9093146 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00445c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Discrete nanocages provide a way to solubilize, separate, and tune the properties of fullerenes, but these 3D receptors cannot usually be synthesized easily from inexpensive starting materials, limiting their utility. Herein, we describe the first fullerene-binding nanocage (Cage4+) that can be made efficiently on a gram scale. Cage4+ was prepared in up to 57% yield by the formation of pyridinium linkages between complemantary porphyrin components that are themselves readily accessible. Cage4+ binds C60 and C70 with large association constants (>108 M−1), thereby solubilizing these fullerenes in polar solvents. Fullerene association and redox-properties were subsequently investigated across multiple charge states of the host-guest complexes. Remarkably, neutral and singly reduced fullerenes bind with similar strengths, leaving their 0/1− redox couples minimally perturbed and fully reversible, whereas other hosts substantially alter the redox properties of fullerenes. Thus, C60@Cage4+ and C70@Cage4+ may be useful as solubilized fullerene derivatives that preserve the inherent electron-accepting and electron-transfer capabilities of the fullerenes. Fulleride dianions were also found to bind strongly in Cage4+, while further reduction is centered on the host, leading to lowered association of the fulleride guest in the case of C602−. This report describes the first gram-scale synthesis of a nanocage that can host fullerenes (C60 and C70). The redox properties of the fullerenes are preserved in this host, enabling characterization of complexes with fulleride anions and dianions.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Rothschild
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey 123 Bevier Rd Piscataway NJ 08854 USA
| | - William P Kopcha
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey 123 Bevier Rd Piscataway NJ 08854 USA
| | - Aaron Tran
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey 123 Bevier Rd Piscataway NJ 08854 USA
| | - Jianyuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey 123 Bevier Rd Piscataway NJ 08854 USA
| | - Mark C Lipke
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey 123 Bevier Rd Piscataway NJ 08854 USA
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7
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Fasano F, Bolgar P, Iadevaia G, Hunter CA. Supramolecular template-directed synthesis of triazole oligomers. Chem Sci 2022; 13:13085-13093. [PMID: 36425510 PMCID: PMC9667925 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04155c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sandwich complexes formed by two zinc porphyrins and a diamine ligand (DABCO) have been used as a supramolecular template to direct the synthesis of triazole oligomers. Monomer units equipped with two polymerizable functional groups, an alkyne and an azide, were attached to the template via ester bonds between a phenol unit on the monomer and benzoic acid units on the porphyrin. Self-assembly of the zinc porphyrins by addition of DABCO led to a supramolecular complex containing four of the monomer units, two on each porphyrin. CuAAC oligomerisation was carried out in the presence of a chain capping agent to prevent intermolecular reactions between the templated products, which carry reactive chain ends. The templated-directed oligomerisation resulted in selective formation of a duplex, which contains two identical chains of triazole oligomers connecting the porphyrin linkers. The effective molarity for the intramolecular CuAAC reactions on the template is 3–9 mM, and because the triazole backbone has a direction, the product duplex was obtained as a 4 : 1 mixture of the parallel and antiparallel isomers. Hydrolysis of the ester bonds connecting the oligomers to the template gave a single product, the phenol 2-mer, in excellent yield. The introduction of a supramolecular element into the template considerably broadens the scope of the covalent template-directed oligomerisation methodology that we previously developed for the replication of sequence information in synthetic oligomers. A supramolecular metalloporphyrin assembly was used as a disposable template for controlling the oligomerisation of covalently attached monomer building blocks to give a linear oligomeric product that is not accessible via untemplated reactions.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Fasano
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Peter Bolgar
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Giulia Iadevaia
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Christopher A. Hunter
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
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8
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Fuertes-Espinosa C, Pujals M, Ribas X. Supramolecular Purification and Regioselective Functionalization of Fullerenes and Endohedral Metallofullerenes. Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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9
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Coordination-driven assemblies based on meso-substituted porphyrins: Metal-organic cages and a new type of meso-metallaporphyrin macrocycles. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.213165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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10
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Cyclic metalloporphyrin dimers: Conformational flexibility, applications and future prospects. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.213117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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11
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Rice AM, Martin CR, Galitskiy VA, Berseneva AA, Leith GA, Shustova NB. Photophysics Modulation in Photoswitchable Metal-Organic Frameworks. Chem Rev 2019; 120:8790-8813. [PMID: 31638383 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this Review, we showcase the upsurge in the development and fundamental photophysical studies of more than 100 metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as versatile stimuli-responsive platforms. The goal is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the field of photoresponsive MOFs while delving into the underlying photophysical properties of various classes of photochromic molecules including diarylethene, azobenzene, and spiropyran as well as naphthalenediimide and viologen derivatives integrated inside a MOF matrix as part of a framework backbone, as a ligand side group, or as a guest. In particular, the geometrical constraints, photoisomerization rates, and electronic structures of photochromic molecules integrated inside a rigid MOF scaffold are discussed. Thus, this Review reflects on the challenges and opportunities of using photoswitchable MOFs in next-generation multifunctional stimuli-responsive materials while highlighting their use in optoelectronics, erasable inks, or as the next generation of sensing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M Rice
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Corey R Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Vladimir A Galitskiy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Anna A Berseneva
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Gabrielle A Leith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Natalia B Shustova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
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12
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Jin P, Li Y, Magagula S, Chen Z. Exohedral functionalization of endohedral metallofullerenes: Interplay between inside and outside. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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13
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Park M, Hong KI, Kang M, Kim TW, Lee H, Jang WD, Jeong KU. Hierarchical Hybrid Nanostructures Constructed by Fullerene and Molecular Tweezer. ACS NANO 2019; 13:6101-6112. [PMID: 31042357 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b02893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
For the construction of well-defined hierarchical superstructures of pristine [60]fullerene (C60) arrays, pyrene-based molecular tweezers (PT) were used as host molecules for catching and arranging C60 guest molecules. The formation of host-guest complexes was systematically studied in solution as well as in the solid state. Two-dimensional proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic studies revealed that PT-host and C60-guest complexes were closely related to the molecular self-assembly of PT. Ultraviolet and fluorescence spectroscopic titrations indicated the formation of stable 1:1 and 2:1 (PT/C60) complexes. From the nonlinear curve-fitting analysis, equilibrium constants for the 1:1 (log K1) and 2:1 (log K2) complexes were estimated to be 4.96 and 5.01, respectively. X-ray diffraction results combined with transmission electron microscopy observations clearly exhibited the construction of well-defined layered superstructures of the PT-host and C60-guest complexes. From electron mobility measurements, it was demonstrated that the well-defined hierarchical hybrid nanostructure incorporating a C60 array exhibited a high electron mobility of 1.7 × 10-2 cm2 V-1 s-1. This study can provide a guideline for the hierarchical hybrid nanostructures of host-guest complex and its applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minwook Park
- Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology, Department of BIN Convergence Technology , Chonbuk National University , Jeonju , Jeonbuk 54896 , Korea
| | - Kyeong-Im Hong
- Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Korea
| | - Minji Kang
- Functional Composite Materials Research Center, Institute of Advanced Composite Materials , Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Jeonju , Jeonbuk 565-905 , Korea
| | - Tae-Wook Kim
- Functional Composite Materials Research Center, Institute of Advanced Composite Materials , Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Jeonju , Jeonbuk 565-905 , Korea
| | - Hosoowi Lee
- Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Korea
| | - Woo-Dong Jang
- Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Korea
| | - Kwang-Un Jeong
- Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology, Department of BIN Convergence Technology , Chonbuk National University , Jeonju , Jeonbuk 54896 , Korea
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14
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Park M, Kang DG, Yoon WJ, Choi YJ, Koo J, Lim SI, Jeong KU. Programmed Hierarchical Hybrid Nanostructures from Fullerene-Dendrons and Pyrene-Dendrons. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1803291. [PMID: 30303613 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201803291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The construction of fullerene (C60 ) hierarchical nanostructures with the help of amphiphilic molecules remains a challenging task in nanoscience and nanotechnology. Utilizing the host-guest complex concept, sub-10 nm layered superstructures are constructed from a monofunctionalized C60 dendron (C60 D, guest) and tweezer-like pyrene dendron (PD, host). Since C60 D and PD are asymmetric shape amphiphiles having liquid crystal (LC) dendrons, both C60 D and PD construct head-to-head bilayer superstructures by themselves. From fluorescence titration experiments, it is realized that the host-guest complex shows 1:1 stoichiometric binding with a binding constant (Ksv = 2.45 × 105 m-1 ). Based on the morphological observations and scattering analyses, it is found that buckle-like asymmetric building blocks (C60 D·PD) are self-assembled by the host-guest complex and construct multilayer hybrid nanostructures. The hierarchical hybrid nanostructures consist of the self-assembled C60 D·PD bilayer with a 2D C60 ·P nanoarray sandwiched between LC dendrons. This advanced strategy is expected to be a practicable and rational guideline for the fabrication of programmed hierarchical hybrid nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minwook Park
- BK21 Plus Haptic Polymer Composite Research Team and Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea
| | - Dong-Gue Kang
- BK21 Plus Haptic Polymer Composite Research Team and Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea
| | - Won-Jin Yoon
- BK21 Plus Haptic Polymer Composite Research Team and Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Choi
- BK21 Plus Haptic Polymer Composite Research Team and Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea
| | - Jahyeon Koo
- BK21 Plus Haptic Polymer Composite Research Team and Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea
| | - Seok-In Lim
- BK21 Plus Haptic Polymer Composite Research Team and Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea
| | - Kwang-Un Jeong
- BK21 Plus Haptic Polymer Composite Research Team and Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea
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15
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Meng H, Zhao C, Nie M, Wang C, Wang T. Optically Controlled Molecular Metallofullerene Magnetism via an Azobenzene-Functionalized Metal-Organic Framework. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:32607-32612. [PMID: 30176722 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b11098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Molecular magnets with optically controlled property have significant applications in data storage and quantum information processing. Herein, we report the optically controlled molecular magnetism of endohedral metallofullerenes, Sc3C2@C80 and DySc2N@C80, by incarcerating them into the pores of a photoswitchable azobenzene-functionalized metal-organic framework (MOF) (AzoMOF). After ultraviolet (365 nm) irradiation, the isomerization of azobenzene groups in the AzoMOF was found to be able to modulate the spin relaxation of Sc3C2@C80 and also improve the single-molecule magnet behavior of DySc2N@C80. The photoisomerization of azobenzene side groups changes the host-guest interaction between metallofullerene and AzoMOF pores and endows them with the potential to modulate the magnetic properties with light. These findings offer an effective method to create smart molecular magnetic materials and also promote their applications in information recording, spintronics, and sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibing Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Chong Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Mingzhe Nie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Chunru Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Taishan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
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16
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Abstract
We have reviewed recent advances in the synthesis of porphyrin cages and nanorings with flexible links, as well as their applications in host–guest chemistry and catalysis. Template-directed strategies have greatly facilitated the synthesis of porphyrin cages and nanorings with high complexities. Meanwhile, the unique features of flexible porphyrin cages and nanorings having a good balance between rigidity and flexibility make them especially suitable to encapsulate fullerenes, multipyridyl compounds and other guests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yong Cen
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Shu-Ping Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zibin Zhang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Jing Wu
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Shijun Li
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
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17
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Gil-Ramírez G, Shah A, El Mkami H, Porfyrakis K, Briggs GAD, Morton JJL, Anderson HL, Lovett JE. Distance Measurement of a Noncovalently Bound Y@C82 Pair with Double Electron Electron Resonance Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:7420-7424. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b03889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guzmán Gil-Ramírez
- School of Chemistry, University of Lincoln, Joseph Banks Laboratories, Lincoln LN6 7DL, United Kingdom
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Anokhi Shah
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
| | - Hassane El Mkami
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
| | - Kyriakos Porfyrakis
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - G. Andrew D. Briggs
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - John J. L. Morton
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, UCL, 17-19 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AH, United Kingdom
| | - Harry L. Anderson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Janet E. Lovett
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
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18
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Mihara N, Yamada Y, Furukawa K, Kato T, Tanaka K. Programmable arrangement of metal ions in a cofacially stacked assembly of porphyrinoids toward molecular tags. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:7044-7049. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt01334a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cofacial assemblies of metalloporphyrinoides represent a fascinating platform for the novel functional metal arrays to be molecular tags.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi Mihara
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Nagoya University
- Nagoya 464-8602
- Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Yamada
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Nagoya University
- Nagoya 464-8602
- Japan
| | - Ko Furukawa
- Center for Coordination of Research Facilities
- Institute for Research Promotion
- Niigata University
- Niigata 950-2181
- Japan
| | - Tatsuhisa Kato
- Institute for Liberal Arts and Sciences
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto
- Japan
| | - Kentaro Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Nagoya University
- Nagoya 464-8602
- Japan
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19
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Enhancing solution-phase supramolecular interactions between monomeric porphyrins and [60]fullerene by simple chemical modification. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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20
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Schoepff L, Kocher L, Durot S, Heitz V. Chemically Induced Breathing of Flexible Porphyrinic Covalent Cages. J Org Chem 2017; 82:5845-5851. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Schoepff
- Laboratoire de Synthèse
des Assemblages Moléculaires Multifonctionnels, Institut de
Chimie de Strasbourg, CNRS/UMR 7177, Université de Strasbourg, 4, rue
Blaise Pascal, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Lucas Kocher
- Laboratoire de Synthèse
des Assemblages Moléculaires Multifonctionnels, Institut de
Chimie de Strasbourg, CNRS/UMR 7177, Université de Strasbourg, 4, rue
Blaise Pascal, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Stéphanie Durot
- Laboratoire de Synthèse
des Assemblages Moléculaires Multifonctionnels, Institut de
Chimie de Strasbourg, CNRS/UMR 7177, Université de Strasbourg, 4, rue
Blaise Pascal, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Valérie Heitz
- Laboratoire de Synthèse
des Assemblages Moléculaires Multifonctionnels, Institut de
Chimie de Strasbourg, CNRS/UMR 7177, Université de Strasbourg, 4, rue
Blaise Pascal, Strasbourg 67000, France
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21
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Futagoishi T, Aharen T, Kato T, Kato A, Ihara T, Tada T, Murata M, Wakamiya A, Kageyama H, Kanemitsu Y, Murata Y. A Stable, Soluble, and Crystalline Supramolecular System with a Triplet Ground State. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:4261-4265. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201701212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Futagoishi
- Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University; Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Tomoko Aharen
- Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University; Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Tatsuhisa Kato
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Sciences; Kyoto University; Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
- Institute for Liberal Arts and Sciences; Kyoto University; Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Azusa Kato
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Sciences; Kyoto University; Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ihara
- Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University; Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Tomofumi Tada
- Materials Research Center for Element Strategy; Tokyo Institute of Technology; 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Michihisa Murata
- Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University; Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Atsushi Wakamiya
- Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University; Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kageyama
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | | | - Yasujiro Murata
- Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University; Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
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22
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Futagoishi T, Aharen T, Kato T, Kato A, Ihara T, Tada T, Murata M, Wakamiya A, Kageyama H, Kanemitsu Y, Murata Y. A Stable, Soluble, and Crystalline Supramolecular System with a Triplet Ground State. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201701212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Futagoishi
- Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University; Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Tomoko Aharen
- Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University; Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Tatsuhisa Kato
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Sciences; Kyoto University; Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
- Institute for Liberal Arts and Sciences; Kyoto University; Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Azusa Kato
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Sciences; Kyoto University; Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ihara
- Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University; Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Tomofumi Tada
- Materials Research Center for Element Strategy; Tokyo Institute of Technology; 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Michihisa Murata
- Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University; Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Atsushi Wakamiya
- Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University; Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kageyama
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | | | - Yasujiro Murata
- Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University; Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
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23
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Cao J, Feng Y, Zhou S, Sun X, Wang T, Wang C, Li H. Spatial aromatic fences of metal-organic frameworks for manipulating the electron spin of a fulleropyrrolidine nitroxide radical. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:11272-6. [PMID: 27356865 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt01735e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The electron spin properties of a fulleropyrrolidine nitroxide radical incarcerated in the pores of MOF-177 and MIL-53 respectively were investigated for the first time. It was found that the spatial confinement effect and intramolecular interactions in these two solid-state spin systems lead to dramatically distinctive spin dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication & Laboratory of Clean Energy Chemistry and Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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24
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Yoshida K, Osuka A. β,β-(1,4-Dithiino)subporphyrin Dimers Capturing Fullerenes with Large Association Constants. Chemistry 2016; 22:9396-403. [PMID: 27238619 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
β,β-(1,4-Dithiino)subporphyrin dimers 7-syn and 7-anti were synthesized by the nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction of 2-bromo-3-(4-methoxyphenylsulfonyl)subporphyrin 4 with 2,3-dimercaptosubporphyrin 5 under basic conditions followed by axial arylation. Additions of C60 or C70 to a dilute solution of 7-anti (ca. 10(-6) m) in toluene did not cause appreciable UV/Vis spectral changes, while similar additions to a concentrated solution (ca. 10(-3) m) resulted in precipitation of complexes. In contrast, dimer 7-syn captured C60 and C70 in different complexation stoichiometries in toluene; a 1:1 manner and a 2:1 manner, respectively, with large association constants; Ka =(1.9±0.2)×10(6) m(-1) for C60 @7-syn, and K1 =(1.6±0.5)×10(6) and K2 =(1.8±0.9)×10(5) m(-1) for C70 @(7-syn)2 . These association constants are the largest for fullerenes-capture by bowl-shaped molecules reported so far. The structures of C60 @7-anti, C70 @7-anti, C60 @7-syn, and C70 @7-syn have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Yoshida
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.
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25
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Mondal P, Rath SP. Cyclic Zinc(II) Bisporphyrin-Based Molecular Switches: Supramolecular Control of Complexation-Mediated Conformational Switching and Photoinduced Electron Transfer. Chemistry 2016; 22:5607-19. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pritam Mondal
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur; Kanpur- 208016 India
| | - Sankar Prasad Rath
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur; Kanpur- 208016 India
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26
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Wang SP, Shen YF, Zhu BY, Wu J, Li S. Recent advances in the template-directed synthesis of porphyrin nanorings. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:10205-16. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc04556a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This Feature Article reviews recent advances in the template-directed synthesis of porphyrin nanorings, including new templating methods, novel structures, and their applications in host–guest chemistry and artificial light-harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ping Wang
- College of Material
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hangzhou Normal University
- Hangzhou 310036
- P. R. China
| | - Yan-Feng Shen
- College of Material
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hangzhou Normal University
- Hangzhou 310036
- P. R. China
| | - Ben-Yue Zhu
- College of Material
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hangzhou Normal University
- Hangzhou 310036
- P. R. China
| | - Jing Wu
- College of Material
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hangzhou Normal University
- Hangzhou 310036
- P. R. China
| | - Shijun Li
- College of Material
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hangzhou Normal University
- Hangzhou 310036
- P. R. China
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27
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Zwoliński KM, Eilmes J. New developments in porphyrin-like macrocyclic chemistry: a novel family of dibenzotetraaza[14]annulene-based cofacial dimers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:4084-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc00019c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first known cofacial dimers, based on covalently linked dibenzotetraaza[14]annulenes, were synthesized in reasonable 35–40% yields, without recourse to high-dilution techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. M. Zwoliński
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre
- University of Warsaw
- 02-089 Warszawa
- Poland
| | - J. Eilmes
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Jagiellonian University
- 30-060 Kraków
- Poland
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28
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Dallas P, Meysami SS, Grobert N, Porfyrakis K. Classification of carbon nanostructure families occurring in a chemically activated arc discharge reaction. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra26325e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlling the generation of empty cages, endohedral metallofullerenes and carbon nanotubes is an important challenge for the tailored synthesis of functional materials and their scaled up production.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Dallas
- Department of Materials
- University of Oxford
- UK
| | | | - N. Grobert
- Department of Materials
- University of Oxford
- UK
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29
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García-Simón C, Costas M, Ribas X. Metallosupramolecular receptors for fullerene binding and release. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:40-62. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00315f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Different strategies for fullerene separation and purification mediated by supramolecular metallocages are reviewed in this Tutorial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina García-Simón
- Grup de Química Bioinspirada
- Supramolecular i Catàlisi (QBIS-CAT)
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química
- Universitat de Girona
- Catalonia
| | - Miquel Costas
- Grup de Química Bioinspirada
- Supramolecular i Catàlisi (QBIS-CAT)
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química
- Universitat de Girona
- Catalonia
| | - Xavi Ribas
- Grup de Química Bioinspirada
- Supramolecular i Catàlisi (QBIS-CAT)
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química
- Universitat de Girona
- Catalonia
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30
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Feng Y, Wang T, Li Y, Li J, Wu J, Wu B, Jiang L, Wang C. Steering Metallofullerene Electron Spin in Porous Metal–Organic Framework. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:15055-60. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b10796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Feng
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure
and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Taishan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure
and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yongjian Li
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure
and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jie Li
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure
and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jingyi Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure
and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure
and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure
and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chunru Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure
and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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31
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Ding H, Wu X, Zeller M, Xie Y, Wang C. Controllable Synthesis of Covalent Porphyrinic Cages with Varying Sizes via Template-Directed Imine Condensation Reactions. J Org Chem 2015; 80:9360-4. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Ding
- Key
Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers (Ministry of Education), College
of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Key
Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers (Ministry of Education), College
of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Matthias Zeller
- Department
of Chemistry, Youngstown State University, One University Plaza, Youngstown, Ohio 44555, United States
| | - Yunpeng Xie
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers (Ministry of Education), College
of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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32
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Wang T, Wu J, Feng Y. Scandium carbide/cyanide alloyed cluster inside fullerene cage: synthesis and structural studies of Sc3(μ3-C2)(μ3-CN)@Ih-C80. Dalton Trans 2015; 43:16270-4. [PMID: 25138284 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt01781a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new Sc3(C2)(CN)@Ih-C80 metallofullerene encaging a scandium carbide/cyanide alloyed cluster was prepared and investigated. Sc3(C2)(CN)@Ih-C80 was synthesized by the arc-discharging method and isolated by HPLC. Its experimental (13)C NMR spectrum with two signals clearly confirms an icosahedral C80 cage, and theoretically calculated (13)C NMR peaks agree well with the experimental results. Further, theoretical calculations disclosed that the endohedral μ3-C2 and μ3-CN moieties are situated on each side of the triangular shaped Sc3 unit to form a scandium carbide/cyanide alloyed cluster. Kohn-Sham molecular orbitals reveals the electronic structure of (Sc(3+))3(C2)(2-)(CN)(-)@C80(6-), in which two anions, μ3-C2(2-) and μ3-(CN)(-), construct and stabilize this special molecule together. The FTIR and Raman spectra of Sc3(C2)(CN)@Ih-C80 were analyzed by comparison of the experimental and calculated results to further confirm its structure and to uncover cluster-based vibrational modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taishan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
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Saegusa Y, Ishizuka T, Kojima T, Mori S, Kawano M, Kojima T. Supramolecular interaction of fullerenes with a curved π-surface of a monomeric quadruply ring-fused porphyrin. Chemistry 2015; 21:5302-6. [PMID: 25736095 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Molecular binding of fullerenes, C60 and C70, with the Zn(II) complex of a monomeric ring-fused porphyrin derivative (2-py) as a host molecule, which has a concave π-conjugated surface, has been confirmed spectroscopically. The structures of associated complexes composed of fullerenes and 2-py were explicitly established by X-ray diffraction analysis. The fullerenes in the 2:1 complexes, which consist of two 2-py molecules and one fullerene molecule, are fully covered by the concave surfaces of the two 2-py molecules in the crystal structure. In contrast, in the crystal structure of the 1:1 complex consisting of one 2-py molecule and one C60 molecule, the C60 molecule formed a π-π stacked pair with a C60 molecule in the neighboring complex using a partial surface, which was uncovered by the 2-py molecule. Additionally, the molecular size of fullerene adopted significantly affects the (1)H NMR spectral changes and the redox properties of 2-py upon the molecular binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Saegusa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571 (Japan)
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Omoto K, Tashiro S, Kuritani M, Shionoya M. Multipoint recognition of ditopic aromatic guest molecules via Ag-π interactions within a dimetal macrocycle. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:17946-9. [PMID: 25479363 DOI: 10.1021/ja5106249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A macrocyclic host molecule possessing a nanocavity with two Ag(I) centers for guest binding and four anthracene walls has been developed. This dimetal-macrocycle forms stable inclusion complexes with ditopic aromatic guest molecules, [2.2]paracyclophane, and ferrocene, in solution and/or in the solid state through Ag-π interactions within the nanocavity. The binding constants for the inclusion complexes were found to range roughly from 10(4) to 10(9) M(-1). Electrochemical measurement revealed that the oxidized form of the included cationic ferrocene was less stabilized due to the direct binding to the cationic two Ag(I) centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Omoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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Zhu B, Chen H, Lin W, Ye Y, Wu J, Li S. Template-Directed Synthesis of Flexible Porphyrin Nanocage and Nanorings via One-Step Olefin Metathesis. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:15126-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja507531b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhu
- College of Material, Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, P. R. China
| | - Huanxin Chen
- College of Material, Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, P. R. China
| | - Wei Lin
- College of Material, Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, P. R. China
| | - Yang Ye
- College of Material, Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, P. R. China
| | - Jing Wu
- College of Material, Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, P. R. China
| | - Shijun Li
- College of Material, Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, P. R. China
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36
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Ding H, Meng X, Cui X, Yang Y, Zhou T, Wang C, Zeller M, Wang C. Highly-efficient synthesis of covalent porphyrinic cages via DABCO-templated imine condensation reactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:11162-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc05449k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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37
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Durot S, Taesch J, Heitz V. Multiporphyrinic cages: architectures and functions. Chem Rev 2014; 114:8542-78. [PMID: 25026396 DOI: 10.1021/cr400673y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Durot
- Laboratoire de Synthèse des Assemblages Moléculaires Multifonctionnels, Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, CNRS/UMR 7177 , 4, rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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38
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Zhang J, Zheng X, Jiang R, Yu Y, Li Y, Liu H, Li Q, Shuai Z, Li Y. A “clicked” porphyrin cage with high binding affinity towards fullerenes. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra04583a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A cage-structured receptor synthesized via a facile “click” approach is easy to synthesize and modify and shows high affinity for fullerenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Zheng
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Runsheng Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yanwen Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yongjun Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Huibiao Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Qikai Li
- School of Materials Science & Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Shuai
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yuliang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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Hermanns CF, Bernien M, Krüger A, Schmidt C, Waßerroth ST, Ahmadi G, Heinrich BW, Schneider M, Brouwer PW, Franke KJ, Weschke E, Kuch W. Magnetic coupling of Gd3N@C80 endohedral fullerenes to a substrate. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:167203. [PMID: 24182296 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.167203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Using magnetic endohedral fullerenes for molecular spintronics requires control over their encapsulated magnetic moments. We show by field-dependent x-ray magnetic circular dichroism measurements of Gd3N@C80 endohedral fullerenes adsorbed on a Cu surface that the magnetic moments of the encapsulated Gd atoms lie in a 4f7 ground state and couple ferromagnetically to each other. When the molecules are in contact with a ferromagnetic Ni substrate, we detect two different Gd species. The more abundant one couples antiferromagnetically to the Ni, whereas the other one exhibits a stronger and ferromagnetic coupling to the substrate. Both of these couplings to the substrate can be explained by an indirect exchange mechanism mediated by the carbon cage. The origin of the distinctly different behavior may be attributed to different orientations and thus electronic coupling of the carbon cage to the substrate, as revealed by scanning tunneling microscopy of the fullerenes on Cu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian F Hermanns
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A Popov
- Department of Electrochemistry and Conducting Polymers, Leibniz-Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden , D-01171 Dresden, Germany
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Lu X, Feng L, Akasaka T, Nagase S. Current status and future developments of endohedral metallofullerenes. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 41:7723-60. [PMID: 22907208 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35214a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Endohedral metallofullerenes (EMFs), a new class of hybrid molecules formed by encapsulation of metallic species inside fullerene cages, exhibit unique properties that differ distinctly from those of empty fullerenes because of the presence of metals and their hybridization effects via electron transfer. This critical review provides a balanced but not an exhaustive summary regarding almost all aspects of EMFs, including the history, the classification, current progress in the synthesis, extraction, isolation, and characterization of EMFs, as well as their physiochemical properties and applications in fields such as electronics, photovoltaics, biomedicine, and materials science. Emphasis is assigned to experimentally obtained results, especially the X-ray crystallographic characterizations of EMFs and their derivatives, rather than theoretical calculations, although the latter has indeed enhanced our knowledge of metal-cage interactions. Finally, perspectives related to future developments and challenges in the research of EMFs are proposed. (381 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China.
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Rostampour E, Koohi A, Cyrousnezhad F. Optical and magneto-optical properties of the endohedral La@C 82crystal. Mol Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2012.698315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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44
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de la Torre G, Bottari G, Sekita M, Hausmann A, Guldi DM, Torres T. A voyage into the synthesis and photophysics of homo- and heterobinuclear ensembles of phthalocyanines and porphyrins. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:8049-105. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60140d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Shimizu S, Miura A, Kobayashi N. Highly deformed phthalocyanine as a suitable scaffold for pristine fullerenes. CrystEngComm 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ce26618k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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46
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Chen N, Beavers CM, Mulet-Gas M, Rodríguez-Fortea A, Munoz EJ, Li YY, Olmstead MM, Balch AL, Poblet JM, Echegoyen L. Sc2S@C(s)(10528)-C72: a dimetallic sulfide endohedral fullerene with a non isolated pentagon rule cage. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:7851-60. [PMID: 22519825 DOI: 10.1021/ja300765z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A non isolated pentagon rule metallic sulfide clusterfullerene, Sc(2)S@C(s)(10528)-C(72), has been isolated from a raw mixture of Sc(2)S@C(2n) (n = 35-50) obtained by arc-discharging graphite rods packed with Sc(2)O(3) and graphite powder under an atmosphere of SO(2) and helium. Multistage HPLC methods were utilized to isolate and purify the Sc(2)S@C(72). The purified Sc(2)S@C(s)(10528)-C(72) was characterized by mass spectrometry, UV-vis-NIR absorption spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystallographic analysis unambiguously elucidated that the C(72) fullerene cage violates the isolated pentagon rule, and the cage symmetry was assigned to C(s)(10528)-C(72). The electrochemical behavior of Sc(2)S@C(s)(10528)-C(72) shows a major difference from those of Sc(2)S@C(s)(6)-C(82) and Sc(2)S@C(3v)(8)-C(82) as well as the other metallic clusterfullerenes. Computational studies show that the Sc(2)S cluster transfers four electrons to the C(72) cage and C(s)(10528)-C(72) is the most stable cage isomer for both empty C(72)(4-) and Sc(2)S@C(72), among the many possibilities. The structural differences between the reported fullerenes with C(72) cages are discussed, and it is concluded that both the transfer of four electrons to the cage and the geometrical requirements of the encaged Sc(2)S cluster play important roles in the stabilization of the C(s)(10528)-C(72) cage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, USA
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Liu G, Khlobystov AN, Charalambidis G, Coutsolelos AG, Briggs GAD, Porfyrakis K. N@C60–Porphyrin: A Dyad of Two Radical Centers. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:1938-41. [PMID: 22239715 DOI: 10.1021/ja209763u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guoquan Liu
- Department of Materials, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Andrei N. Khlobystov
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United
Kingdom
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Zhang J, Li Y, Yang W, Lai SW, Zhou C, Liu H, Che CM, Li Y. A smart porphyrin cage for recognizing azide anions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:3602-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc17270d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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49
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Taesch J, Heitz V, Topić F, Rissanen K. Templated synthesis of a large and flexible covalent porphyrinic cage bearing orthogonal recognition sites. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:5118-20. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc31855e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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50
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Ma Y, Wang T, Wu J, Feng Y, Jiang L, Shu C, Wang C. Susceptible electron spin adhering to an yttrium cluster inside an azafullerene C79N. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:11570-2. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc36435b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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