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Sahoo D, Peterca M, Percec V. Hierarchical Self-Organization and Disorganization of Helical Supramolecular Columns Mediated by H-Bonding and Shape Complementarity. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 39330617 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c10958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
H-bonding, shape complementarity, and quasi-equivalence are widely accepted as some of the most influential molecular recognition events mediating biological and synthetic self-organizations. H-bonds are weaker than ionic but stronger than van der Waals forces. However, the directionality of H-bonds makes them the most powerful among all nonbonding interactions. Here, we selected two taper-shaped self-assembling dendrons, one flexible and one rigid, and equipped them with -CO2CH3, -CH2OH, and -COOH at their apex. They demonstrated the hierarchical way in which shape-complementarity in the presence of -CO2CH3 mediated highly ordered helical self-organization for the case of the rigid building block and less ordered helical arrays for the flexible one. Weak H-bonding by -CH2OH unwound the helix from the rigid dendron, yielding a porous column. Due to its quasi-equivalence, the flexible dendron tolerated better the H-bonding by -CH2OH self-organizing a different helical column. The rigid and the flexible dendrons yielded only disorganized nonhelical columns in the presence of -COOH at the apex. This balance between rigidity, flexibility, and tolerance or lack of it to diverse H-bonding architectures indicates that mechanistic elucidation of the self-organization process helps endow it with the same building block, both helical organizations approaching biological precision, and disorganized nonhelical arrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipankar Sahoo
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Mihai Peterca
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Virgil Percec
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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2
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Sahoo D, Peterca M, Percec V. Designing Highly Ordered Helical and Nonhelical Porous Crystalline and Disordered Nonhelical Columnar Liquid Crystalline Self-Organizations. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:22943-22949. [PMID: 39115382 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c09127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Helical self-organizations are equilibrium structures responsible for the assembly of nonequilibrium and equilibrium living and synthetic systems. Racemic helical columnar systems transform into one-handed systems with the help of enantiomerically rich or pure components. Racemic, enantiomerically rich, and enantiomerically pure helical periodic arrays of columns are analyzed by oriented fiber X-ray diffraction (XRD). With few exceptions, highly ordered helical 3-D organizations as generated from homochiral columns cannot be obtained from achiral, racemic, or enantiomerically rich helical columns. Here, we report an unprecedented class of nonhelical porous ordered, disordered nonhelical columnar liquid crystalline (LC) self-organizations and columnar liquids constructed from AB4 to AB9 isomeric terphenyls by molecular design unwinding of a 3-D helical organization. A library of 16 nonhelical porous ordered, disordered columnar and four liquids was designed by employing as a model a closely related achiral AB4 meta-terphenyl, which self-organizes one of the most perfect synthetic ordered columnar hexagonal helices known. A general molecular mechanism to unwind highly ordered 3-D helices into nonhelical porous columnar ordered LCs and liquids was elaborated to design this transformation, which provided unprecedented nonequilibrium synthetic systems. This methodology is expected to be general for transformation of helical macromolecular and supramolecular organizations into nonhelical crystals, LCs, and liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipankar Sahoo
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Mihai Peterca
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Virgil Percec
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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3
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López-Gandul L, Lavarda G, van den Bersselaar BWL, Vantomme G, Meijer EW, Sánchez L. Supramolecular polymerization and bulk properties relationship in ester-functionalized N-annulated perylenediimides. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc03797a. [PMID: 39144454 PMCID: PMC11318647 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc03797a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of a series of N-annulated perylenediimides (NPDIs) 1-4 with an ester group and an alkyl spacer of different length in the peripheral chains was carried out, and the influence of the side chain architecture on the self-assembly, both in solution and in the solid state, was investigated. Solution studies evidenced that the carbonyl group plays a key role in the supramolecular organization of these derivatives, changing from an H-type isodesmic polymerization (4) to a J-type cooperative process as the spacer length decreases (1-3). On the other hand, bulk assays revealed an odd-even effect that correlates with the length of the alkyl spacer. Whereas the odd-spaced derivatives (2 and 4) organize in a disordered columnar hexagonal fashion, the even-spaced ones (1 and 3) show the formation of multiple crystalline (and liquid crystalline) structures. The results presented herein highlight the importance of side chain functionalization in the design of building blocks for in-solution and bulk purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía López-Gandul
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid 28040 Madrid Spain
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Giulia Lavarda
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Bart W L van den Bersselaar
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Ghislaine Vantomme
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - E W Meijer
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Luis Sánchez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid 28040 Madrid Spain
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4
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Sahoo D, Peterca M, Leowanawat P, Percec V. Cogwheel Mechanism of Helical Self-Organization is Thermodynamically Controlled, Self-Repairing, and Universal. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:18910-18915. [PMID: 38973781 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c07428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
The cogwheel mechanism of helical self-organization, reported by us, generates columns with the alkyl chains of their components parallel to the column axis. This mechanism disregards the enantiomeric purity of constituents and, under suitable design, provides the fastest rate of helical self-organization. Here, we investigate the supramolecular structure of a thermodynamically controlled helical self-organization system. Unexpectedly, we found that this system follows a cogwheel mechanism of helical self-organization that does not contain the two key parameters of the cogwheel mechanism: the length of the alkyl group of the self-assembling dendron identical to the helical half-pitch (hhp) of the column and the presence of chiral branches pointing toward the column center. Unpredictably, we uncovered that the presence of chiral branching points and strict alkyl chain lengths is not a requirement of the cogwheel mechanism. A self-repairing process provides access to a constant hhp via a shorter and longer alkyl chain length than the originally exact demanded value, which together with the lack of branching point(s) demonstrates the universality of the cogwheel mechanism of helical self-organization. Applications derived from this concept are envisioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipankar Sahoo
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Mihai Peterca
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Pawaret Leowanawat
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Virgil Percec
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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Ben H, Yan G, Wang Y, Zeng H, Wu Y, Lin F, Zhao J, Du W, Zhang S, Zhou S, Pu J, Ye M, Ji H, Lv L. Self-Assembly Behavior, Aggregation Structure, and the Charge Carrier Transport Properties of S-Heterocyclic Annulated Perylene Diimide Derivatives. Molecules 2024; 29:1964. [PMID: 38731456 PMCID: PMC11085381 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29091964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The construction of high-performance n-type semiconductors is crucial for the advancement of organic electronics. As an attractive n-type semiconductor, molecular systems based on perylene diimide derivatives (PDIs) have been extensively investigated over recent years. Owing to the fascinating aggregated structure and high performance, S-heterocyclic annulated PDIs (SPDIs) are receiving increasing attention. However, the relationship between the structure and the electrical properties of SPDIs has not been deeply revealed, restricting the progress of PDI-based organic electronics. Here, we developed two novel SPDIs with linear and dendronized substituents in the imide position, named linear SPDI and dendronized SPDI, respectively. A series of structural and property characterizations indicated that linear SPDI formed a long-range-ordered crystalline structure based on helical supramolecular columns, while dendronized SPDI, with longer alkyl side chains, formed a 3D-ordered crystalline structure at a low temperature, which transformed into a hexagonal columnar liquid crystal structure at a high temperature. Moreover, no significant charge carrier transport signal was examined for linear SPDI, while dendronized SPDI had a charge carrier mobility of 3.5 × 10-3 cm2 V-1 s-1 and 2.1 × 10-3 cm2 V-1 s-1 in the crystalline and liquid crystalline state, respectively. These findings highlight the importance of the structure-function relationship in PDIs, and also offer useful roadmaps for the design of high-performance organic electronics for down-to-earth applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijie Ben
- College of Chemical and Material Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China; (H.B.); (Y.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.W.); (F.L.); (J.Z.); (S.Z.); (M.Y.)
| | - Gaojie Yan
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Nankai University, Nankai University, Shenzhen 518083, China;
| | - Yulin Wang
- College of Chemical and Material Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China; (H.B.); (Y.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.W.); (F.L.); (J.Z.); (S.Z.); (M.Y.)
| | - Huiming Zeng
- College of Chemical and Material Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China; (H.B.); (Y.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.W.); (F.L.); (J.Z.); (S.Z.); (M.Y.)
| | - Yuechao Wu
- College of Chemical and Material Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China; (H.B.); (Y.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.W.); (F.L.); (J.Z.); (S.Z.); (M.Y.)
| | - Feng Lin
- College of Chemical and Material Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China; (H.B.); (Y.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.W.); (F.L.); (J.Z.); (S.Z.); (M.Y.)
| | - Junhua Zhao
- College of Chemical and Material Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China; (H.B.); (Y.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.W.); (F.L.); (J.Z.); (S.Z.); (M.Y.)
| | - Wanglong Du
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Shaojie Zhang
- College of Chemical and Material Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China; (H.B.); (Y.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.W.); (F.L.); (J.Z.); (S.Z.); (M.Y.)
| | - Shijia Zhou
- College of Chemical and Material Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China; (H.B.); (Y.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.W.); (F.L.); (J.Z.); (S.Z.); (M.Y.)
| | - Jingyu Pu
- College of Chemical and Material Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China; (H.B.); (Y.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.W.); (F.L.); (J.Z.); (S.Z.); (M.Y.)
| | - Milan Ye
- College of Chemical and Material Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China; (H.B.); (Y.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.W.); (F.L.); (J.Z.); (S.Z.); (M.Y.)
| | - Haifeng Ji
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Nankai University, Nankai University, Shenzhen 518083, China;
| | - Liang Lv
- College of Chemical and Material Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China; (H.B.); (Y.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.W.); (F.L.); (J.Z.); (S.Z.); (M.Y.)
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6
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Lu J, Atochina-Vasserman EN, Maurya DS, Shalihin MI, Zhang D, Chenna SS, Adamson J, Liu M, Shah HUR, Shah H, Xiao Q, Queeley B, Ona NA, Reagan EK, Ni H, Sahoo D, Peterca M, Weissman D, Percec V. Screening Libraries to Discover Molecular Design Principles for the Targeted Delivery of mRNA with One-Component Ionizable Amphiphilic Janus Dendrimers Derived from Plant Phenolic Acids. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1572. [PMID: 37376020 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral and synthetic vectors to deliver nucleic acids were key to the rapid development of extraordinarily efficient COVID-19 vaccines. The four-component lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), containing phospholipids, PEG-conjugated lipids, cholesterol, and ionizable lipids, co-assembled with mRNA via a microfluidic technology, are the leading nonviral delivery vector used by BioNTech/Pfizer and Moderna to access COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. LNPs exhibit a statistical distribution of their four components when delivering mRNA. Here, we report a methodology that involves screening libraries to discover the molecular design principles required to realize organ-targeted mRNA delivery and mediate activity with a one-component ionizable multifunctional amphiphilic Janus dendrimer (IAJD) derived from plant phenolic acids. IAJDs co-assemble with mRNA into monodisperse dendrimersome nanoparticles (DNPs) with predictable dimensions, via the simple injection of their ethanol solution in a buffer. The precise location of the functional groups in one-component IAJDs demonstrated that the targeted organs, including the liver, spleen, lymph nodes, and lung, are selected based on the hydrophilic region, while activity is associated with the hydrophobic domain of IAJDs. These principles, and a mechanistic hypothesis to explain activity, simplify the synthesis of IAJDs, the assembly of DNPs, handling, and storage of vaccines, and reduce price, despite employing renewable plant starting materials. Using simple molecular design principles will lead to increased accessibility to a large diversity of mRNA-based vaccines and nanotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juncheng Lu
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
| | - Elena N Atochina-Vasserman
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
| | - Devendra S Maurya
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
| | - Muhammad Irhash Shalihin
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
| | - Dapeng Zhang
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
| | - Srijay S Chenna
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
| | - Jasper Adamson
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
| | - Matthew Liu
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
| | - Habib Ur Rehman Shah
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
| | - Honey Shah
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
| | - Qi Xiao
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
| | - Bryn Queeley
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
| | - Nathan A Ona
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
| | - Erin K Reagan
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
| | - Houping Ni
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
| | - Dipankar Sahoo
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
| | - Mihai Peterca
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
| | - Drew Weissman
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
| | - Virgil Percec
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
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7
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Percec V, Sahoo D, Adamson J. Stimuli-Responsive Principles of Supramolecular Organizations Emerging from Self-Assembling and Self-Organizable Dendrons, Dendrimers, and Dendronized Polymers. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15081832. [PMID: 37111979 PMCID: PMC10142069 DOI: 10.3390/polym15081832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
All activities of our daily life, of the nature surrounding us and of the entire society and its complex economic and political systems are affected by stimuli. Therefore, understanding stimuli-responsive principles in nature, biology, society, and in complex synthetic systems is fundamental to natural and life sciences. This invited Perspective attempts to organize, to the best of our knowledge, for the first time the stimuli-responsive principles of supramolecular organizations emerging from self-assembling and self-organizable dendrons, dendrimers, and dendronized polymers. Definitions of stimulus and stimuli from different fields of science are first discussed. Subsequently, we decided that supramolecular organizations of self-assembling and self-organizable dendrons, dendrimers, and dendronized polymers may fit best in the definition of stimuli from biology. After a brief historical introduction to the discovery and development of conventional and self-assembling and self-organizable dendrons, dendrimers, and dendronized polymers, a classification of stimuli-responsible principles as internal- and external-stimuli was made. Due to the enormous amount of literature on conventional dendrons, dendrimers, and dendronized polymers as well as on their self-assembling and self-organizable systems we decided to discuss stimuli-responsive principles only with examples from our laboratory. We apologize to all contributors to dendrimers and to the readers of this Perspective for this space-limited decision. Even after this decision, restrictions to a limited number of examples were required. In spite of this, we expect that this Perspective will provide a new way of thinking about stimuli in all fields of self-organized complex soft matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virgil Percec
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
| | - Dipankar Sahoo
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
| | - Jasper Adamson
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
- Chemical Physics Laboratory, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
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8
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Alaasar M, Cao Y, Liu Y, Liu F, Tschierske C. Switching Chirophilic Self-assembly: From meso-structures to Conglomerates in Liquid and Liquid Crystalline Network Phases of Achiral Polycatenar Compounds. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201857. [PMID: 35866649 PMCID: PMC10092095 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Spontaneous generation of chirality from achiral molecules is a contemporary research topic with numerous implications for technological applications and for the understanding of the development of homogeneous chirality in biosystems. Herein, a series of azobenzene based rod-like molecules with an 3,4,5-trialkylated end and a single n-alkyl chain involving 5 to 20 aliphatic carbons at the opposite end is reported. Depending on the chain length and temperature these achiral molecules self-assemble into a series of liquid and liquid crystalline (LC) helical network phases. A chiral isotropic liquid (Iso1 [ *] ) and a cubic triple network phase with chiral I23 lattice were found for the short chain compounds, whereas non-cubic and achiral cubic phases dominate for the long chain compounds. Among them a mesoscale conglomerate with I23 lattice, a tetragonal phase (Tetbi ) containing one chirality synchronized and one non-synchronized achiral network, an achiral double network meso-structure with Ia3 ‾ $\bar 3$ d space group and an achiral percolated isotropic liquid mesophase (Iso1 ) were found. This sequence is attributed to an increasing strength of chirality synchronization between the networks, combined with a change of the preferred mode of chirophilic self-assembly between the networks, switching from enantiophilic to enantiophobic with decreasing chain length and lowering temperature. These nanostructured and mirror symmetry broken LC phases exist over wide temperature ranges which is of interest for potential applications in chiral and photosensitive functional materials derived from achiral compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Alaasar
- Institute of ChemistryMartin-Luther University Halle-WittenbergKurt-Mothes Str. 2D-06120Halle/SaaleGermany
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceCairo UniversityP.O.12613GizaEgypt
| | - Yu Cao
- Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft MatterState Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of MaterialsXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi An ShiXi'an710049P. R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft MatterState Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of MaterialsXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi An ShiXi'an710049P. R. China
- Wanhua Chemical Group Co Ltd.Yantai265505P. R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft MatterState Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of MaterialsXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi An ShiXi'an710049P. R. China
| | - Carsten Tschierske
- Institute of ChemistryMartin-Luther University Halle-WittenbergKurt-Mothes Str. 2D-06120Halle/SaaleGermany
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9
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Wang Y, Huang J, Yan X, Lei H, Liu X, Guo Q, Liu Y, Liu T, Huang M, Bian F, Su Z, Cheng SZD. Soft Alloys Constructed with Distinct Mesoatoms via Self‐Sorting Assembly of Giant Shape Amphiphiles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200637. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yicong Wang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology School of Emergent Soft Matter South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510460 China
| | - Jiahao Huang
- Department of Polymer Science School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering The University of Akron Akron OH 44325-3909 USA
| | - Xiao‐Yun Yan
- Department of Polymer Science School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering The University of Akron Akron OH 44325-3909 USA
| | - Huanyu Lei
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology School of Emergent Soft Matter South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510460 China
| | - Xian‐You Liu
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology School of Emergent Soft Matter South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510460 China
| | - Qing‐Yun Guo
- Department of Polymer Science School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering The University of Akron Akron OH 44325-3909 USA
| | - Yuchu Liu
- Department of Polymer Science School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering The University of Akron Akron OH 44325-3909 USA
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Polymer Science School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering The University of Akron Akron OH 44325-3909 USA
| | - Mingjun Huang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology School of Emergent Soft Matter South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510460 China
| | - Fenggang Bian
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201204 China
| | - Zebin Su
- Department of Polymer Science School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering The University of Akron Akron OH 44325-3909 USA
| | - Stephen Z. D. Cheng
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology School of Emergent Soft Matter South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510460 China
- Department of Polymer Science School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering The University of Akron Akron OH 44325-3909 USA
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10
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Wang Y, Huang J, Yan X, Lei H, Liu X, Guo Q, Liu Y, Liu T, Huang M, Bian F, Su Z, Cheng SZD. Soft Alloys Constructed with Distinct Mesoatoms via Self‐Sorting Assembly of Giant Shape Amphiphiles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yicong Wang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology School of Emergent Soft Matter South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510460 China
| | - Jiahao Huang
- Department of Polymer Science School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering The University of Akron Akron OH 44325-3909 USA
| | - Xiao‐Yun Yan
- Department of Polymer Science School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering The University of Akron Akron OH 44325-3909 USA
| | - Huanyu Lei
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology School of Emergent Soft Matter South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510460 China
| | - Xian‐You Liu
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology School of Emergent Soft Matter South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510460 China
| | - Qing‐Yun Guo
- Department of Polymer Science School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering The University of Akron Akron OH 44325-3909 USA
| | - Yuchu Liu
- Department of Polymer Science School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering The University of Akron Akron OH 44325-3909 USA
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Polymer Science School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering The University of Akron Akron OH 44325-3909 USA
| | - Mingjun Huang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology School of Emergent Soft Matter South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510460 China
| | - Fenggang Bian
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201204 China
| | - Zebin Su
- Department of Polymer Science School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering The University of Akron Akron OH 44325-3909 USA
| | - Stephen Z. D. Cheng
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology School of Emergent Soft Matter South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510460 China
- Department of Polymer Science School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering The University of Akron Akron OH 44325-3909 USA
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11
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Li YX, Gao HF, Zhang RB, Gabana K, Chang Q, Gehring GA, Cheng XH, Zeng XB, Ungar G. A case of antiferrochirality in a liquid crystal phase of counter-rotating staircases. Nat Commun 2022; 13:384. [PMID: 35046396 PMCID: PMC8770800 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28024-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Helical structures continue to inspire, prompted by examples such as DNA double-helix and alpha-helix in proteins. Most synthetic polymers also crystallize as helices, which relieves steric clashes by twisting, while keeping the molecules straight for their ordered packing. In columnar liquid crystals, which often display useful optoelectronic properties, overall helical chirality can be induced by inclusion of chiral chemical groups or dopants; these bias molecular twist to either left or right, analogous to a magnetic field aligning the spins in a paramagnet. In this work, however, we show that liquid-crystalline columns with long-range helical order can form by spontaneous self-assembly of straight- or bent-rod molecules without inclusion of any chiral moiety. A complex lattice with Fddd symmetry and 8 columns per unit cell (4 right-, 4 left-handed) characterizes this "antiferrochiral" structure. In selected compounds it allows close packing of their fluorescent groups reducing their bandgap and giving them promising light-emitting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behaviour of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Centre for Soft Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, Xi'an, P. R. China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, 450001, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Fei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry from Natural Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Rui-Bin Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - Kutlwano Gabana
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, E1 2C, UK
| | - Qing Chang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry from Natural Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Gillian A Gehring
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, E1 2C, UK
| | - Xiao-Hong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry from Natural Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, P. R. China.
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Fuling, P. R. China.
| | - Xiang-Bing Zeng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK.
| | - Goran Ungar
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behaviour of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Centre for Soft Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, Xi'an, P. R. China.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK.
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12
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Percec V, Xiao Q. Helical Chirality of Supramolecular Columns and Spheres Self‐Organizes Complex Liquid Crystals, Crystals, and Quasicrystals. Isr J Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202100057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Virgil Percec
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 United States
| | - Qi Xiao
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 United States
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13
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Eichhorn SH, El-Ballouli AO, Cassar A, Kaafarani BR. Columnar Mesomorphism of Board-Shaped Perylene, Diketopyrrolopyrrole, Isoindigo, Indigo, and Quinoxalino-Phenanthrophenazine Dyes. Chempluschem 2021; 86:319-339. [PMID: 33624951 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202100024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The properties of organic dyes depend as much on their intermolecular interactions as on their molecular structure. While it is generally predictable what supramolecular structure would be ideal for a specific application, the generation of specific supramolecular structures by molecular design and suitable processing methods remains to be a challenge. A versatile approach to different supramolecular structures has been the application of mesomorphism in conjunction with alignment techniques and self-assembly at interfaces. Reviewed here is the columnar mesomorphism of board-shaped dyes perylene, indigo, isoindigo, diketopyrrolopyrrole, and quinoxalinophenanthrophenazine. They generate a larger number of different supramolecular structures than conventional disc-shaped (discotic) mesogens because of their non-circular shape and directional intermolecular interactions. The mesomorphism of all but the perylene derivatives is systematically and comprehensively covered for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Holger Eichhorn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - A O El-Ballouli
- College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, 11481, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, 11426, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Adam Cassar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Bilal R Kaafarani
- Department of Chemistry, American University of Beirut, Beirut, 1107-2020, Lebanon
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14
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Percec V, Xiao Q. Helical Self-Organizations and Emerging Functions in Architectures, Biological and Synthetic Macromolecules. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20210015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Virgil Percec
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, USA
| | - Qi Xiao
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, USA
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15
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Kim J, Wang V, Kim KT. Block Copolymers Composed of Main-Chain Cyclic Polymers: Morphology Transition and Covalent Stabilization of Self-Assembled Nanostructures via Intra- and Interchain Cyclization of Styrene- co-isoprene Blocks. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Valene Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Kyoung Taek Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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16
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Huang J, Su Z, Huang M, Zhang R, Wang J, Feng X, Zhang R, Zhang R, Shan W, Yan XY, Guo QY, Liu T, Liu Y, Cui Y, Li X, Shi AC, Cheng SZD. Spherical Supramolecular Structures Constructed via Chemically Symmetric Perylene Bisimides: Beyond Columnar Assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:18563-18571. [PMID: 32656991 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Like other discotic molecules, self-assembled supramolecular structures of perylene bisimides (PBIs) are commonly limited to columnar or lamellar structures due to their distinct π-conjugated scaffolds and unique rectangular shape of perylene cores. The discovery of PBIs with supramolecular structures beyond layers and columns may expand the scope of PBI-based materials. A series of unconventional spherical packing phases in PBIs, including A15 phase, σ phase, dodecagonal quasicrystalline (DQC) phase, and body-centered cubic (BCC) phase, is reported. A strategy involving functionalization of perylene core with several polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) cages achieved spherical assemblies of PBIs, instead of columnar assemblies, due to the significantly increased steric hindrance at the periphery. This strategy may also be employed for the discovery of unconventional spherical assemblies in other related discotic molecules by the introduction of similar bulky functional groups at their periphery. An unusual inverse phase transition sequence from a BCC phase to a σ phase was observed by increasing annealing temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Huang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.,Department of Polymer Science, College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325-3909, USA
| | - Zebin Su
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325-3909, USA
| | - Mingjun Huang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Rongchun Zhang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Xueyan Feng
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325-3909, USA
| | - Rui Zhang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Ruimeng Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325-3909, USA
| | - Wenpeng Shan
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325-3909, USA
| | - Xiao-Yun Yan
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325-3909, USA
| | - Qing-Yun Guo
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325-3909, USA
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325-3909, USA
| | - Yuchu Liu
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325-3909, USA
| | - Yunpeng Cui
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - An-Chang Shi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Stephen Z D Cheng
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.,Department of Polymer Science, College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325-3909, USA
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17
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Huang J, Su Z, Huang M, Zhang R, Wang J, Feng X, Zhang R, Zhang R, Shan W, Yan X, Guo Q, Liu T, Liu Y, Cui Y, Li X, Shi A, Cheng SZD. Spherical Supramolecular Structures Constructed via Chemically Symmetric Perylene Bisimides: Beyond Columnar Assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201914889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Huang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology School of Molecular Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
- Department of Polymer Science College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering The University of Akron Akron OH 44325-3909 USA
| | - Zebin Su
- Department of Polymer Science College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering The University of Akron Akron OH 44325-3909 USA
| | - Mingjun Huang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology School of Molecular Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Rongchun Zhang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology School of Molecular Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Xueyan Feng
- Department of Polymer Science College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering The University of Akron Akron OH 44325-3909 USA
| | - Rui Zhang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology School of Molecular Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Ruimeng Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering The University of Akron Akron OH 44325-3909 USA
| | - Wenpeng Shan
- Department of Polymer Science College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering The University of Akron Akron OH 44325-3909 USA
| | - Xiao‐Yun Yan
- Department of Polymer Science College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering The University of Akron Akron OH 44325-3909 USA
| | - Qing‐Yun Guo
- Department of Polymer Science College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering The University of Akron Akron OH 44325-3909 USA
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Polymer Science College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering The University of Akron Akron OH 44325-3909 USA
| | - Yuchu Liu
- Department of Polymer Science College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering The University of Akron Akron OH 44325-3909 USA
| | - Yunpeng Cui
- Department of Chemistry University of South Florida Tampa FL 33620 USA
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- Department of Chemistry University of South Florida Tampa FL 33620 USA
| | - An‐Chang Shi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy McMaster University Hamilton Ontario L8S 4M1 Canada
| | - Stephen Z. D. Cheng
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology School of Molecular Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
- Department of Polymer Science College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering The University of Akron Akron OH 44325-3909 USA
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18
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Wang L, Partridge BE, Huang N, Olsen JT, Sahoo D, Zeng X, Ungar G, Graf R, Spiess HW, Percec V. Extraordinary Acceleration of Cogwheel Helical Self-Organization of Dendronized Perylene Bisimides by the Dendron Sequence Encoding Their Tertiary Structure. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:9525-9536. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c03353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Benjamin E. Partridge
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Ning Huang
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - James T. Olsen
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Dipankar Sahoo
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Xiangbing Zeng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - Goran Ungar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, United Kingdom
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Robert Graf
- Max-Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hans W. Spiess
- Max-Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Virgil Percec
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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19
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Pandya R, Chen RYS, Gu Q, Gorman J, Auras F, Sung J, Friend R, Kukura P, Schnedermann C, Rao A. Femtosecond Transient Absorption Microscopy of Singlet Exciton Motion in Side-Chain Engineered Perylene-Diimide Thin Films. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:2721-2730. [PMID: 32130861 PMCID: PMC7132576 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c00346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We present a statistical analysis of femtosecond transient absorption microscopy applied to four different organic semiconductor thin films based on perylene-diimide (PDI). By achieving a temporal resolution of 12 fs with simultaneous sub-10 nm spatial precision, we directly probe the underlying exciton transport characteristics within 3 ps after photoexcitation free of model assumptions. Our study reveals sub-picosecond coherent exciton transport (12-45 cm2 s-1) followed by a diffusive phase of exciton transport (3-17 cm2 s-1). A comparison between the different films suggests that the exciton transport in the studied materials is intricately linked to their nanoscale morphology, with PDI films that form large crystalline domains exhibiting the largest diffusion coefficients and transport lengths. Our study demonstrates the advantages of directly studying ultrafast transport properties at the nanometer length scale and highlights the need to examine nanoscale morphology when investigating exciton transport in organic as well as inorganic semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Pandya
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Richard Y. S. Chen
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Qifei Gu
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Jeffrey Gorman
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Florian Auras
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Jooyoung Sung
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Richard Friend
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Philipp Kukura
- Physical
and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford
University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K.
| | - Christoph Schnedermann
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Akshay Rao
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
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20
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Li M, Zajaczkowski W, Velpula G, Jänsch D, Graf R, Marszalek T, Parekh SH, Zagranyarski Y, Mali K, Wagner M, De Feyter S, Li C, Müllen K, Pisula W. Transformation from helical to layered supramolecular organization of asymmetric perylene diimides via multiple intermolecular hydrogen bonding. Chem Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01911a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The solid-state supramolecular organization of asymmetric perylene diimide is transformed from helical to layered self-assembly after thermal annealing.
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21
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Partridge BE, Wang L, Sahoo D, Olsen JT, Leowanawat P, Roche C, Ferreira H, Reilly KJ, Zeng X, Ungar G, Heiney PA, Graf R, Spiess HW, Percec V. Sequence-Defined Dendrons Dictate Supramolecular Cogwheel Assembly of Dendronized Perylene Bisimides. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:15761-15766. [PMID: 31529966 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b08714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A dendronized perylene bisimide (PBI) that self-organizes into hexagonal arrays of supramolecular double helices with identical single-crystal-like order that disregards chirality was recently reported. A cogwheel model of self-assembly that explains this process was proposed. Accessing the highly ordered cogwheel phase required very slow heating and cooling or extended periods of annealing. Analogous PBIs with linear alkyl chains did not exhibit the cogwheel assembly. Here a library of sequence-defined dendrons containing all possible compositions of linear and racemic alkyl chains was employed to construct self-assembling PBIs. Thermal and structural analysis of their assemblies by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and fiber X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed that the incorporation of n-alkyl chains accelerates the formation of the high order cogwheel phase, rendering the previously invisible phase accessible under standard heating and cooling rates. Small changes to the primary structure, as constitutional isomerism, result in significant changes to macroscopic properties such as melting of the periodic array. This study demonstrated how changes to the sequence-defined primary structure, including the relocation of methyl groups between two constitutional isomers, dictate tertiary and quaternary structure in hierarchical assemblies. This led to the discovery of a sequence that self-organizes the cogwheel assembly much faster than even the corresponding homochiral compounds and demonstrated that defined-sequence, which has long been recognized as a determinant for the complex structure of biomacromolecules including proteins and nucleic acids, plays the same role also in supramolecular synthetic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin E Partridge
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104-6323 , United States
| | - Li Wang
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104-6323 , United States.,College of Materials Science and Engineering , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , China
| | - Dipankar Sahoo
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104-6323 , United States
| | - James T Olsen
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104-6323 , United States
| | - Pawaret Leowanawat
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104-6323 , United States
| | - Cecilé Roche
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104-6323 , United States
| | - Henrique Ferreira
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104-6323 , United States
| | - Kevin J Reilly
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104-6323 , United States
| | - Xiangbing Zeng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Sheffield , Sheffield S1 3JD , United Kingdom
| | - Goran Ungar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Sheffield , Sheffield S1 3JD , United Kingdom.,State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049 , China
| | - Paul A Heiney
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104-6396 , United States
| | - Robert Graf
- Max-Planck Institute for Polymer Research , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Hans W Spiess
- Max-Planck Institute for Polymer Research , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Virgil Percec
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104-6323 , United States
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22
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Hecht M, Schlossarek T, Stolte M, Lehmann M, Würthner F. Photoconductive Core–Shell Liquid‐Crystals of a Perylene Bisimide J‐Aggregate Donor–Acceptor Dyad. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201904789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Hecht
- Institut für Organische Chemie Center for Nanosystems Chemistry & Bavarian Polymer Institute Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Tim Schlossarek
- Institut für Organische Chemie Center for Nanosystems Chemistry & Bavarian Polymer Institute Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Matthias Stolte
- Institut für Organische Chemie Center for Nanosystems Chemistry & Bavarian Polymer Institute Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Matthias Lehmann
- Institut für Organische Chemie Center for Nanosystems Chemistry & Bavarian Polymer Institute Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie Center for Nanosystems Chemistry & Bavarian Polymer Institute Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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23
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Hecht M, Schlossarek T, Stolte M, Lehmann M, Würthner F. Photoconductive Core-Shell Liquid-Crystals of a Perylene Bisimide J-Aggregate Donor-Acceptor Dyad. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:12979-12983. [PMID: 31246352 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201904789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A novel core-shell structured columnar liquid crystal composed of a donor-acceptor dyad of tetraphenoxy perylene bisimide (PBI), decorated with four bithiophene units on the periphery, was synthesized. This molecule self-assembles in solution into helical J-aggregates guided by π-π interactions and hydrogen bonds which organize into a liquid-crystalline (LC) columnar hexagonal domain in the solid state. Donor and acceptor moieties exhibit contrasting exciton coupling behavior with the PBIs' (J-type) transition dipole moment parallel and the bithiophene side arms' (H-type) perpendicular to the columnar axis. The dyad shows efficient energy and electron transfer in solution as well as in the solid state. The synergy of photoinduced electron transfer (PET) and charge transport along the narcissistically self-assembled core-shell structure enables the implementation of the dye in two-contact photoconductivity devices giving rise to a 20-fold increased photoresponse compared to a reference dye without bithiophene donor moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Hecht
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Center for Nanosystems Chemistry & Bavarian Polymer Institute, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tim Schlossarek
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Center for Nanosystems Chemistry & Bavarian Polymer Institute, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Stolte
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Center for Nanosystems Chemistry & Bavarian Polymer Institute, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Lehmann
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Center for Nanosystems Chemistry & Bavarian Polymer Institute, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Center for Nanosystems Chemistry & Bavarian Polymer Institute, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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24
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Zheng JF, Tang T, Ding LL, Xu P, Zhang R, Peng DL, Yang S, Chen EQ. Phase Behavior of Phasmidic Mesogen-Jacketed Liquid Crystalline Polymers Displaying Chain Bundling. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Feng Zheng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Tao Tang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Lin-Lin Ding
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Dong-Lai Peng
- School of Material & Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Er-Qiang Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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25
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Gupta RK, Sudhakar AA. Perylene-Based Liquid Crystals as Materials for Organic Electronics Applications. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:2455-2479. [PMID: 29929366 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Columnar phases formed by the stacking of disclike molecules with an intimate π-π overlap forms a 1D pathway for the anisotropic charge migration along the columns. Columnar phases have great potential in organic electronic devices to be utilized as active semiconducting layers in comparison to organic single crystals or amorphous polymers in terms of processability, ease of handling, and high charge carrier mobility. Intelligent molecular engineering of perylene and its derivatives provided access to tune the physical properties and self-assembly behavior. The columnar phase formed by perylene derivatives has great potential in the fabrication of organic electronic devices. There are several positions on the perylene molecule, which can be functionalized to tune its self-assembly, as well as optoelectronic properties. Thus, many liquid-crystalline molecules stabilizing the columnar phase, which are based on perylene tetraesters, perylene diester imides, and perylene bisimides, have been synthesized over the years. Their longitudinal and laterally extended derivatives, bay-substituted derivatives exhibiting a columnar phase, are reported. In addition, several liquid-crystalline oligomers and polymers based on perylene derivatives were also reported. All such modifications provide an option to tune the energy levels of frontier molecular orbitals with respect to the work function of the electrodes in devices and also the processability of such materials. In this feature article, we attempt to provide an overview of the molecular design developed to tune the applicable properties and self-assembly of perylene derivatives as well as recent developments related to their application in the fabrication of organic solar cells, organic light-emitting diodes, and organic field-effect transistors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra Kumar Gupta
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati 781039 , Assam , India
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26
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Buzzacchera I, Xiao Q, Han H, Rahimi K, Li S, Kostina NY, Toebes BJ, Wilner SE, Möller M, Rodriguez-Emmenegger C, Baumgart T, Wilson DA, Wilson CJ, Klein ML, Percec V. Screening Libraries of Amphiphilic Janus Dendrimers Based on Natural Phenolic Acids to Discover Monodisperse Unilamellar Dendrimersomes. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:712-727. [PMID: 30354069 PMCID: PMC6571140 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Natural, including plant, and synthetic phenolic acids are employed as building blocks for the synthesis of constitutional isomeric libraries of self-assembling dendrons and dendrimers that are the simplest examples of programmed synthetic macromolecules. Amphiphilic Janus dendrimers are synthesized from a diversity of building blocks including natural phenolic acids. They self-assemble in water or buffer into vesicular dendrimersomes employed as biological membrane mimics, hybrid and synthetic cells. These dendrimersomes are predominantly uni- or multilamellar vesicles with size and polydispersity that is predicted by their primary structure. However, in numerous cases, unilamellar dendrimersomes completely free of multilamellar assemblies are desirable. Here, we report the synthesis and structural analysis of a library containing 13 amphiphilic Janus dendrimers containing linear and branched alkyl chains on their hydrophobic part. They were prepared by an optimized iterative modular synthesis starting from natural phenolic acids. Monodisperse dendrimersomes were prepared by injection and giant polydisperse by hydration. Both were structurally characterized to select the molecular design principles that provide unilamellar dendrimersomes in higher yields and shorter reaction times than under previously used reaction conditions. These dendrimersomes are expected to provide important tools for synthetic cell biology, encapsulation, and delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Buzzacchera
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
- DWI−Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- NovioSense B.V., Transistorweg 5, 6534 AT Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Qi Xiao
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
- Institute of Computational Molecular Science, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Hong Han
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Khosrow Rahimi
- DWI−Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Shangda Li
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Nina Yu. Kostina
- DWI−Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - B. Jelle Toebes
- Institute of Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Samantha E. Wilner
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Martin Möller
- DWI−Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Cesar Rodriguez-Emmenegger
- DWI−Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Tobias Baumgart
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Daniela A. Wilson
- Institute of Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Michael L. Klein
- Institute of Computational Molecular Science, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Virgil Percec
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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27
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Qiao X, Sun P, Wu A, Sun N, Dong B, Zheng L. Supramolecular Thermotropic Ionic Liquid Crystals Formed via Self-Assembled Zwitterionic Ionic Liquids. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:1598-1605. [PMID: 30563346 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular thermotropic ionic liquid crystals (ILCs) with hexagonal and lamellar phases were fabricated by the self-assembly of zwitterionic ionic liquids, which were formed by 3-(1-alkyl-3-imidazolio) propanesulfonate with different alkyl chain lengths C nIPS ( n = 12, 14, 16) and 3,4,5-tris(dodecyloxy)benzoic acid (TDBA) based on intermolecular electrostatic interactions. The phase behaviors of ILCs were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and polarized optical microscopy (POM). The highly ordered and well-defined microstructure of ILCs can be considered to be proton pathways and to radically improve the ionic conductivity, suggesting the induction of proton conduction through a hopping mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanxuan Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry , Shandong University, Ministry of Education , Jinan 250100 , P. R. China
| | - Panpan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry , Shandong University, Ministry of Education , Jinan 250100 , P. R. China
| | - Aoli Wu
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry , Shandong University, Ministry of Education , Jinan 250100 , P. R. China
| | - Na Sun
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry , Shandong University, Ministry of Education , Jinan 250100 , P. R. China
| | - Bin Dong
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , China University of Mining and Technology , Xuzhou 221116 , P. R. China
| | - Liqiang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry , Shandong University, Ministry of Education , Jinan 250100 , P. R. China
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28
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Nguyen ML, Byun J, Kim S, Hyun JW, Hur K, Shin TJ, Cho B. Ferroelectrically Switching Helical Columnar Assembly Comprising
Cisoid
Conformers of a 1,2,3‐Triazole‐based Liquid Crystal. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201813195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manh Linh Nguyen
- Department of ChemistryDankook University 119, Dandae-ro Chungnam 448-701 Korea
| | - Jaeduk Byun
- Department of PhysicsDankook University 119, Dandae-ro Chungnam 448-701 Korea
| | - Suwoong Kim
- Department of ChemistryDankook University 119, Dandae-ro Chungnam 448-701 Korea
| | - June Won Hyun
- Department of PhysicsDankook University 119, Dandae-ro Chungnam 448-701 Korea
| | - Kahyun Hur
- Center for Computational ScienceKorea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul Korea
| | - Tae Joo Shin
- UNIST Central Research Facilities & School of Natural ScienceUNIST Ulsan 689-798 Korea
| | - Byoung‐Ki Cho
- Department of ChemistryDankook University 119, Dandae-ro Chungnam 448-701 Korea
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29
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Nguyen ML, Byun J, Kim S, Hyun JW, Hur K, Shin TJ, Cho BK. Ferroelectrically Switching Helical Columnar Assembly Comprising Cisoid Conformers of a 1,2,3-Triazole-based Liquid Crystal. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:2749-2753. [PMID: 30589186 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201813195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The 1,2,3-triazole molecule, which is a product of click chemistry, possesses a high dipole moment and can be a useful polar motif for ferroelectric columnar liquid crystal (LC) materials-though it has not been used to date. Herein, we report the helical assembly and ferroelectric switching properties of a columnar liquid crystal comprising a naphthalene core and 1,2,3-triazolyl linkages. The molecule assembles into a double-stranded helical columnar LC structure (Colhel ). The X-ray simulations of cisoid and transoid columnar models suggest that the helical assembly comprises cisoid conformers with a non-zero dipole moment. The helical columns in the Colhel phase are aligned homeotropically under an electric field. The ferroelectric switching of the axial polarization can be observed in the temperature range of 105-115 °C in the Colhel phase, wherein the triazolyl hydrogen bonding along the column axis is weakened. The ferroelectric switching event is attributed to the rotation of the polar triazolyl units in response to the electric field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manh Linh Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Dankook University, 119, Dandae-ro, Chungnam, 448-701, Korea
| | - Jaeduk Byun
- Department of Physics, Dankook University, 119, Dandae-ro, Chungnam, 448-701, Korea
| | - Suwoong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Dankook University, 119, Dandae-ro, Chungnam, 448-701, Korea
| | - June Won Hyun
- Department of Physics, Dankook University, 119, Dandae-ro, Chungnam, 448-701, Korea
| | - Kahyun Hur
- Center for Computational Science, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Joo Shin
- UNIST Central Research Facilities & School of Natural Science, UNIST, Ulsan, 689-798, Korea
| | - Byoung-Ki Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Dankook University, 119, Dandae-ro, Chungnam, 448-701, Korea
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30
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Kim J, Yoon M, Jin SM, Lee J, La Y, Lee E, Kim KT. Polymer cubosomes of block copolymers having cross-linkable soft hydrophobic blocks. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00622b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Inverse bicontinuous cubic mesophases of block copolymers are an emerging class of mesoporous structures consisting of block copolymer bilayers, in which well-defined reticulated pore networks are intertwined in a long-range crystalline order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Kim
- Department of Chemistry
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- Korea
| | - Misun Yoon
- Department of Chemistry
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- Korea
| | - Seon-Mi Jin
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology
- Chungnam National University
- Daejeon 34134
- Korea
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
| | - Jiyeon Lee
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology
- Chungnam National University
- Daejeon 34134
- Korea
| | - Yunju La
- Department of Chemistry
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- Korea
| | - Eunji Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology
- Gwangju 61005
- Korea
| | - Kyoung Taek Kim
- Department of Chemistry
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- Korea
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31
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Li JJ, Wang KR, Li RF, Yang JX, Li M, Zhang HX, Cao ZR, Li XL. Synthesis, self-assembly behaviours and multivalent glycosidase inhibition effects of a deoxynojirimycin modified perylene bisimide derivative. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:1270-1275. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tb03122c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A self-assembled multivalent glycosidase inhibitor based on perylene bisimide-deoxynojirimycin conjugates was constructed, inhibited α-mannosidase and exhibited a Ki value of 38 nM, increased approximately 2763-fold compared with the control drug (miglitol).
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University
- Baoding 071002
- China
| | - Ke-Rang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University
- Baoding 071002
- China
| | - Ren-Feng Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science
- Hebei University
- Baoding
- China
| | - Jian-Xing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University
- Baoding 071002
- China
| | - Min Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University
- Baoding 071002
- China
| | - Hong-Xin Zhang
- Medical Comprehensive Experimental Center of Hebei University
- Baoding
- China
| | - Zhi-Ran Cao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science
- Hebei University
- Baoding
- China
| | - Xiao-Liu Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University
- Baoding 071002
- China
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32
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Gupta RK, Shankar Rao DS, Prasad SK, Achalkumar AS. Columnar Self-Assembly of Electron-Deficient Dendronized Bay-Annulated Perylene Bisimides. Chemistry 2018; 24:3566-3575. [PMID: 29283196 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Three new heteroatom bay-annulated perylene bisimides (PBIs) have been synthesized by microwave-assisted synthesis in excellent yield. N-annulated and S-annulated perylene bisimides exhibited columnar hexagonal phase, whereas Se-annulated perylene bisimide exhibited low temperature columnar oblique phase in addition to the high temperature columnar hexagonal phase. The cup shaped bay-annulated PBIs pack into columns with enhanced intermolecular interactions. In comparison to PBI, these molecules exhibited lower melting and clearing temperature, with good solubility. A small red shift in the absorption was seen in the case of N-annulated PBI, whereas S- and Se-annulated PBIs exhibited blue-shifted absorption spectra. Bay-annulation increased the HOMO and LUMO levels of the N-annulated perylene bisimide, whereas a slight increase in the LUMO level and a decrease in the HOMO levels were observed in the case of S- and Se-annulated perylene bisimides, in comparison to the simple perylene bisimide. The band gaps of PBI and PBI-N were almost same, whereas an increase in the band gaps were observed in the case of S- and Se-annulated PBIs. The tendency to freeze in the ordered glassy columnar phase for PBI-N and PBI-S will help to overcome the charge traps due to crystallization, which are detrimental to one-dimensional charge carrier mobility. These solution processable electron deficient columnar semiconductors possessing good thermal stability may form an easily accessible promising class of n-type materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra Kumar Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Doddamane S Shankar Rao
- Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences, Jalahalli, P. B. No. 1329, Bangalore, 560013, India
| | - S Krishna Prasad
- Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences, Jalahalli, P. B. No. 1329, Bangalore, 560013, India
| | - Ammathnadu S Achalkumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
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33
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Cheng H, Li YX, Zeng XB, Gao H, Cheng X, Ungar G. Trigonal columnar self-assembly of bent phasmid mesogens. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:156-159. [PMID: 29215099 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc06714c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Three compounds with a bent rod-like aromatic core and with three alkoxy chains at each end were synthesised by click reaction. The compounds form a columnar liquid crystal phase with non-centrosymmetric trigonal p31m symmetry, the columns having a 3-arm star-like cross-section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Chemistry Department, Yunnan University, Yunnan 650091, P. R. China.
| | - Ya-Xin Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK.
| | - Xiang-Bing Zeng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK.
| | - Hongfei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Chemistry Department, Yunnan University, Yunnan 650091, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaohong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Chemistry Department, Yunnan University, Yunnan 650091, P. R. China.
| | - Goran Ungar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK. and Department of Physics, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Xiasha College Park, Zhejiang, 310018, China
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Raj MR, Margabandu R, Mangalaraja RV, Anandan S. Influence of imide-substituents on the H-type aggregates of perylene diimides bearing cetyloxy side-chains at bay positions. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:9179-9191. [PMID: 29184956 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm01918a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A series of perylene-3,4:9,10-tetracarboxylic acid diimides (PDIs, namely TYR-PDI, AEP-PDI, CET-PDI, ANP-PDI and KOD-PDI), comprising long linear cetyloxy side-chains functionalized at the 1,7-bay positions and the different substituents (i.e., hydrophobic/hydrophilic segments) symmetrically linked at the two imide-positions of the perylene core were synthesized to investigate the influence of imide-substituent patterns on the aggregation behaviours of PDIs. The photophysical properties of these PDIs were studied by UV-Vis absorption, fluorescence and time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy. The differences in the photophysical properties of the PDIs indicate (i) blue-shifted and broadening absorption properties in both solution and thin-films, (ii) red-shifted and broadening fluorescence behavior at their emission maximum in solution, however, blue-shifted fluorescence behavior in thin-films, and (iii) obviously longer fluorescence life-times corresponding to the existence of rotationally displaced H-type aggregates. The formation of short-range ordered rod-like microstructures through face-to-face alignment of columnar rectangular H-type PDI aggregates was rationalized by scanning electron microscopy. The X-ray diffraction study revealed that the formation of well-defined columnar rectangular (Colrp) H-type PDI aggregates indicated a nearly constant intracolumnar stacking distance of ∼3.9 Å for all PDIs. All of these findings were consistent with the formation of hydrophobic/hydrophilic interactions between the imide-substituents in addition to the strong hydrophobic π-π stacking interactions between the conjugated perylene cores, which were enforced in the H-type PDI aggregates that spontaneously self-organized into Colrp structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ruby Raj
- Nanomaterials & Solar Energy Conversion Lab, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli-620015, India.
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35
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Kim DY, Lee SA, Jung D, Koo J, Soo Kim J, Yu YT, Lee CR, Jeong KU. Topochemical polymerization of dumbbell-shaped diacetylene monomers: relationship between chemical structure, molecular packing structure, and gelation property. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:5759-5766. [PMID: 28761944 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm01166k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we have synthesized novel photopolymerizable dumbbell-shaped diacetylene liquid crystal (LC) monomers by locating a diacetylene dicarboxylic acid group at the center and chemically connecting swallow-tails, such as hydrophobic alkyl chains (abbreviated as AT3DI) and amphiphilic biphenyl mesogens (abbreviated as BP3DI), with bisamide groups. Major phase transitions of dumbbell-shaped diacetylene monomers were identified using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarized optical microscopy (POM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT IR). Molecular packing structures were studied based on structure-sensitive wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) analyses. Mainly, due to nanophase separations and strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding, AT3DI formed a low-ordered lamellar LC phase at room temperature. BP3DI self-assembled into highly-ordered crystal phases (K1 and K2) at lower temperatures below a low-ordered lamellar LC phase, in which BP3DI were intercalated with each other to compensate the mutual volume differences. From the photopolymerization of AT3DI and BP3DI, it was realized that the topochemical reactions of dumbbell-shaped diacetylene monomers were closely related to their chemical structures as well as molecular packing structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Yoon Kim
- BK21 Plus Haptic Polymer Composite Research Team & Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea.
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36
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Spiess HW. 50th Anniversary Perspective: The Importance of NMR Spectroscopy to Macromolecular Science. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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37
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Herbst S, Soberats B, Leowanawat P, Lehmann M, Würthner F. A Columnar Liquid-Crystal Phase Formed by Hydrogen-Bonded Perylene Bisimide J-Aggregates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201612047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Herbst
- Universität Würzburg; Institut für Organische Chemie; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Bartolome Soberats
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry & Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI); Theodor-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Pawaret Leowanawat
- Universität Würzburg; Institut für Organische Chemie; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Matthias Lehmann
- Universität Würzburg; Institut für Organische Chemie; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry & Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI); Theodor-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Universität Würzburg; Institut für Organische Chemie; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry & Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI); Theodor-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Germany
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38
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Herbst S, Soberats B, Leowanawat P, Lehmann M, Würthner F. A Columnar Liquid-Crystal Phase Formed by Hydrogen-Bonded Perylene Bisimide J-Aggregates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:2162-2165. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201612047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Herbst
- Universität Würzburg; Institut für Organische Chemie; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Bartolome Soberats
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry & Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI); Theodor-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Pawaret Leowanawat
- Universität Würzburg; Institut für Organische Chemie; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Matthias Lehmann
- Universität Würzburg; Institut für Organische Chemie; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry & Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI); Theodor-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Universität Würzburg; Institut für Organische Chemie; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry & Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI); Theodor-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Germany
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39
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Sarbu A, Hermet P, Maurin D, Djurado D, Biniek L, Diebold M, Bantignies JL, Mésini P, Brinkmann M. Supramolecular organization of a H-bonded perylene bisimide organogelator determined by transmission electron microscopy, grazing incidence X-ray diffraction and polarized infra-red spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:32514-32525. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp06761e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Polarized FTIR and TEM helps determine the supramolecular organization of PBI gelators.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrick Hermet
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier
- UMR 5253 CNRS-UM-ENSCM
- 34095 Montpellier
- France
- Institut Laue Langevin
| | - David Maurin
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb
- UMR 5221 CNRS-Université de Montpellier
- 34095 Montpellier
- France
| | | | - Laure Biniek
- Université de Strasbourg
- CNRS
- F67000 Strasbourg
- France
| | | | - Jean-Louis Bantignies
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb
- UMR 5221 CNRS-Université de Montpellier
- 34095 Montpellier
- France
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40
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Ho MS, Partridge BE, Sun HJ, Sahoo D, Leowanawat P, Peterca M, Graf R, Spiess HW, Zeng X, Ungar G, Heiney PA, Hsu CS, Percec V. Screening Libraries of Semifluorinated Arylene Bisimides to Discover and Predict Thermodynamically Controlled Helical Crystallization. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2016; 18:723-739. [PMID: 27797481 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.6b00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis, structural, and retrostructural analysis of a library containing 16 self-assembling perylene (PBI), 1,6,7,12-tetrachloroperylene (Cl4PBI), naphthalene (NBI), and pyromellitic (PMBI) bisimides functionalized with environmentally friendly AB3 chiral racemic semifluorinated minidendrons at their imide groups via m = 0, 1, 2, and 3 methylene units is reported. These semifluorinated compounds melt at lower temperatures than homologous hydrogenated compounds, permitting screening of all their thermotropic phases via structural analysis to discover thermodynamically controlled helical crystallization from propeller-like, cogwheel, and tilted molecules as well as lamellar-like structures. Thermodynamically controlled helical crystallization was discovered for propeller-like PBI, Cl4PBI and NBI with m = 0. Unexpectedly, assemblies of twisted Cl4PBIs exhibit higher order than those of planar PBIs. PBI with m = 1, 2, and 3 form a thermodynamically controlled columnar hexagonal 2D lattice of tilted helical columns with intracolumnar order. PBI and Cl4PBI with m = 1 crystallize via a recently discovered helical cogwheel mechanism, while NBI and PMBI with m = 1 form tilted helical columns. PBI, NBI and PMBI with m = 2 generate lamellar-like structures. 3D and 2D assemblies of PBI with m = 1, 2, and 3, NBI with m = 1 and PMBI with m = 2 exhibit 3.4 Å π-π stacking. The library approach applied here and in previous work enabled the discovery of six assemblies which self-organize via thermodynamic control into 3D and 2D periodic arrays, and provides molecular principles to predict the supramolecular structure of electronically active components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Shou Ho
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Benjamin E. Partridge
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Hao-Jan Sun
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Dipankar Sahoo
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Pawaret Leowanawat
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Mihai Peterca
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6396, United States
| | - Robert Graf
- Max-Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hans W. Spiess
- Max-Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Xiangbing Zeng
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - Goran Ungar
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
- Department
of Physics, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 3110018, China
| | - Paul A. Heiney
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6396, United States
| | - Chain-Shu Hsu
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta Hsueh
Road, Hsin-Chu 30049, Taiwan
| | - Virgil Percec
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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41
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Görl D, Soberats B, Herbst S, Stepanenko V, Würthner F. Perylene bisimide hydrogels and lyotropic liquid crystals with temperature-responsive color change. Chem Sci 2016; 7:6786-6790. [PMID: 28451124 PMCID: PMC5356028 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc02249a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The self-assembly of perylene bisimide (PBI) dyes bearing oligo ethylene glycol (OEG) units in water affords responsive functional nanostructures characterized by their lower critical solution temperature (LCST). Tuning of the LCST is realized by a supramolecular approach that relies on two structurally closely related PBI-OEG molecules. The two PBIs socially co-assemble in water and the resulting nanostructures exhibit a single LCST in between the transition temperatures of the aggregates formed by single components. This permits to precisely tune the transition from a hydrogel to a lyotropic liquid crystal state at temperatures between 26 and 51 °C by adjusting the molar fraction of the two PBIs. Owing to concomitant changes in PBI-PBI interactions this phase transition affords a pronounced color change with "fluorescence-on" response that can be utilized as a smart temperature sensory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Görl
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry , Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany .
| | - Bartolome Soberats
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry , Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany .
| | - Stefanie Herbst
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry , Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany .
| | - Vladimir Stepanenko
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry , Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany .
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry , Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany .
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42
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Sahoo D, Peterca M, Aqad E, Partridge BE, Heiney PA, Graf R, Spiess HW, Zeng X, Percec V. Hierarchical Self-Organization of Perylene Bisimides into Supramolecular Spheres and Periodic Arrays Thereof. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:14798-14807. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b09986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dipankar Sahoo
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6396, United States
| | - Mihai Peterca
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6396, United States
| | - Emad Aqad
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Benjamin E. Partridge
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Paul A. Heiney
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6396, United States
| | - Robert Graf
- Max-Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hans W. Spiess
- Max-Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Xiangbing Zeng
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - Virgil Percec
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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43
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Echue G, Hamley I, Lloyd Jones GC, Faul CFJ. Chiral Perylene Materials by Ionic Self-Assembly. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:9023-32. [PMID: 27486788 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b02201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Two chiral complexes (1-SDS and 1-SDBS) were prepared via the ionic self-assembly of a chiral perylene diimide tecton with oppositely charged surfactants. The effect of surfactant tail architecture on the self-assembly properties and supramolecular structure was investigated in detail using UV-vis, IR, circular dichroism, light microscopy, X-ray diffraction studies, and electron microscopy. The results obtained revealed the molecular chirality of the parent perylene tecton could be translated into supramolecular helical chirality of the resulting complexes via primary ionic interactions through careful choice of solvent and concentration. Differing solvent-dependent aggregation behavior was observed for these complexes as a result of the different possible noncovalent interactions via the surfactant alkyl tails. The results presented in this study demonstrate that ionic self-assembly (ISA) is a facile strategy for the production of chiral supramolecular materials based on perylene diimides. The structure-function relationship is easily explored here due to the wide selection and easy availability of common surfactants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldine Echue
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol , Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
- World Premier International (WPI), Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science , 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Ian Hamley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading , Reading RG6 6AD, United Kingdom
| | - Guy C Lloyd Jones
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Edinburgh , West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, United Kingdom
| | - Charl F J Faul
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol , Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
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44
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Takai A, Kajitani T, Fukushima T, Kishikawa K, Yasuda T, Takeuchi M. Supramolecular Assemblies of Ferrocene-Hinged Naphthalenediimides: Multiple Conformational Changes in Film States. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:11245-53. [PMID: 27564327 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b05824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We design a new naphthalenediimide (NDI) π-system, NDI-Fc-NDI, having a ferrocene linker as a hinge unit and long alkyl chains as supramolecular assembling units. The NDI units are "directionally flexible" in concert with the pivoting motion of the ferrocene unit with a small rotational barrier. The NDI units rotate around the ferrocene unit faster than the NMR time scale in solution at room temperature. UV-vis absorption, synchrotron X-ray diffraction, and atomic force microscope studies reveal that NDI-Fc-NDI forms a fibrous supramolecular assembly in solution (methylcyclohexane and highly concentrated chloroform) and film states, wherein the NDI units are in the slipped-stack conformation. The NDI-Fc-NDI supramolecular assembly in the film state exhibits multiple phase transitions associated with conformational changes at different temperatures, which are confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry, polarized optical microscopy, and temperature-dependent X-ray diffraction. Such thermal transitions of NDI-Fc-NDI films also induce changes in the optical and electronic properties as revealed by UV-vis absorption and photoelectron yield spectroscopies, respectively. The thermal behaviors of NDI-Fc-NDI, realized by the unique molecular design, are considerably different from the reference compounds such as an NDI dimer connected with a flexible 1,4-butylene linker. These results provide us with a plausible strategy to propagate the molecular dynamics of the π-system into macroscopic properties in film states; the key factors are (i) the supramolecular alignment of molecular switching units and (ii) the directional motion of the switching units perpendicular to the supramolecular axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuro Takai
- International Center for Young Scientists, Semiconductor Nano-interfaces Group, and Molecular Design & Function Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) , 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Takashi Kajitani
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology , 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan.,RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Takanori Fukushima
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology , 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Keiki Kishikawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University , 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yasuda
- International Center for Young Scientists, Semiconductor Nano-interfaces Group, and Molecular Design & Function Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) , 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Masayuki Takeuchi
- International Center for Young Scientists, Semiconductor Nano-interfaces Group, and Molecular Design & Function Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) , 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
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45
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Lasitha P, Prasad E. Host-Guest Chemistry between Perylene Diimide (PDI) Derivatives and 18-Crown-6: Enhancement in Luminescence Quantum Yield and Electrical Conductivity. Chemistry 2016; 22:10558-64. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Lasitha
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Madras; Chennai 600036 India
| | - Edamana Prasad
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Madras; Chennai 600036 India
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46
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Wolska JM, Topnani N, Gorecka E, Mieczkowski J, Pociecha D. Polycatenar Mesogens with Various Degree of Flexibility of Molecular Structure. Chemphyschem 2016; 17:2686-90. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201600330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna M. Wolska
- Department of Chemistry; Warsaw University; Pasteura 1 02-093 Warsaw Poland
| | - Neha Topnani
- Department of Chemistry; Warsaw University; Pasteura 1 02-093 Warsaw Poland
| | - Ewa Gorecka
- Department of Chemistry; Warsaw University; Pasteura 1 02-093 Warsaw Poland
| | - Jozef Mieczkowski
- Department of Chemistry; Warsaw University; Pasteura 1 02-093 Warsaw Poland
| | - Damian Pociecha
- Department of Chemistry; Warsaw University; Pasteura 1 02-093 Warsaw Poland
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47
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Pereira de Oliveira Santos DM, Belarmino Cabral MG, Bentaleb A, Cristiano R, Gallardo H, Durola F, Bock H. Stabilization of the Columnar Mesophase of Perylenediimide by Racemic Triple Tails. Chemistry 2016; 22:7389-93. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marilia G. Belarmino Cabral
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal CNRS & Université de Bordeaux 115, av. Schweitzer 33600 Pessac France
- Departamento de Química Universidade Federal da Paraíba CEP 58051-900 João Pessoa, Paraíba Brazil
| | - Ahmed Bentaleb
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal CNRS & Université de Bordeaux 115, av. Schweitzer 33600 Pessac France
| | - Rodrigo Cristiano
- Departamento de Química Universidade Federal da Paraíba CEP 58051-900 João Pessoa, Paraíba Brazil
| | - Hugo Gallardo
- Departamento de Química Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina CEP 88040-900 Florianópolis, Santa Catarina Brazil
| | - Fabien Durola
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal CNRS & Université de Bordeaux 115, av. Schweitzer 33600 Pessac France
| | - Harald Bock
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal CNRS & Université de Bordeaux 115, av. Schweitzer 33600 Pessac France
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48
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Yen MH, Chaiprapa J, Zeng X, Liu Y, Cseh L, Mehl GH, Ungar G. Added Alkane Allows Thermal Thinning of Supramolecular Columns by Forming Superlattice—An X-ray and Neutron Study. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:5757-60. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b01172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Huei Yen
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K
| | - Jitrin Chaiprapa
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K
| | - Xiangbing Zeng
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K
| | - Yongsong Liu
- Department
of Physics, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Liliana Cseh
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, U.K
- Institute of Chemistry, Timisoara of Romanian Academy, Timisoara 300223, Romania
| | - Georg H. Mehl
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, U.K
| | - Goran Ungar
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K
- Department
of Physics, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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49
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Plötz PA, Polyutov SP, Ivanov SD, Fennel F, Wolter S, Niehaus T, Xie Z, Lochbrunner S, Würthner F, Kühn O. Biphasic aggregation of a perylene bisimide dye identified by exciton-vibrational spectra. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:25110-25119. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp04898f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The quantum efficiency of light emission supramolecular aggregates strongly depends on the intermolecular coupling. We present a molecule which demonstrates two different aggregated structures with high and low quantum efficiency. The spectral signatures can be understood by simulating the aggregated structures and the corresponding exciton-vibrational spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- P.-A. Plötz
- Institut für Physik
- Universität Rostock
- 18059 Rostock
- Germany
| | - S. P. Polyutov
- Institut für Physik
- Universität Rostock
- 18059 Rostock
- Germany
- Laboratory for Nonlinear Optics and Spectroscopy
| | - S. D. Ivanov
- Institut für Physik
- Universität Rostock
- 18059 Rostock
- Germany
| | - F. Fennel
- Institut für Physik
- Universität Rostock
- 18059 Rostock
- Germany
| | - S. Wolter
- Institut für Physik
- Universität Rostock
- 18059 Rostock
- Germany
| | - T. Niehaus
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1
- CNRS
- Institut Lumière Matière
- F-69622
- France
| | - Z. Xie
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry
- Universität Würzburg
- 97074 Würzburg
- Germany
| | - S. Lochbrunner
- Institut für Physik
- Universität Rostock
- 18059 Rostock
- Germany
| | - F. Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry
- Universität Würzburg
- 97074 Würzburg
- Germany
| | - O. Kühn
- Institut für Physik
- Universität Rostock
- 18059 Rostock
- Germany
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50
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Chen J, Zhou D, Wang C, Liao X, Xie M, Sun R. High-performance dielectric ionic ladderphane-derived triblock copolymer with a unique self-assembled nanostructure. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra18029a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionic poly(bisnorbornene)-based ladderphane can self-assemble into a tree ring-like nanostructure, and exhibits a high dielectric constant, low dielectric loss, narrow hysteresis loop, and good energy density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200241
- China
| | - Dandan Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200241
- China
| | - Cuifang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200241
- China
| | - Xiaojuan Liao
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200241
- China
| | - Meiran Xie
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200241
- China
| | - Ruyi Sun
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200241
- China
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