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Mitrut RE, Stranford DM, DiBiase BN, Chan JM, Bailey MD, Luo M, Harper CS, Meade TJ, Wang M, Leonard JN. HaloTag display enables quantitative single-particle characterisation and functionalisation of engineered extracellular vesicles. J Extracell Vesicles 2024; 13:e12469. [PMID: 38965984 PMCID: PMC11224594 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play key roles in diverse biological processes, transport biomolecules between cells and have been engineered for therapeutic applications. A useful EV bioengineering strategy is to express engineered proteins on the EV surface to confer targeting, bioactivity and other properties. Measuring how incorporation varies across a population of EVs is important for characterising such materials and understanding their function, yet it remains challenging to quantitatively characterise the absolute number of engineered proteins incorporated at single-EV resolution. To address these needs, we developed a HaloTag-based characterisation platform in which dyes or other synthetic species can be covalently and stoichiometrically attached to engineered proteins on the EV surface. To evaluate this system, we employed several orthogonal quantification methods, including flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy, and found that HaloTag-mediated quantification is generally robust across EV analysis methods. We compared HaloTag-labelling to antibody-labelling of EVs using single vesicle flow cytometry, enabling us to measure the substantial degree to which antibody labelling can underestimate proteins present on an EV. Finally, we demonstrate the use of HaloTag to compare between protein designs for EV bioengineering. Overall, the HaloTag system is a useful EV characterisation tool which complements and expands existing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana E. Mitrut
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringNorthwestern UniversityEvanstonIllinoisUSA
- Center for Synthetic BiologyNorthwestern UniversityEvanstonIllinoisUSA
| | - Devin M. Stranford
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringNorthwestern UniversityEvanstonIllinoisUSA
- Center for Synthetic BiologyNorthwestern UniversityEvanstonIllinoisUSA
| | - Beth N. DiBiase
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringNorthwestern UniversityEvanstonIllinoisUSA
- Center for Synthetic BiologyNorthwestern UniversityEvanstonIllinoisUSA
| | - Jonathan M. Chan
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringNorthwestern UniversityEvanstonIllinoisUSA
| | | | - Minrui Luo
- Department of ChemistryNorthwestern UniversityEvanstonIllinoisUSA
- Chemistry of Life Processes InstituteNorthwestern UniversityEvanstonIllinoisUSA
| | - Clare S. Harper
- Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences Training ProgramNorthwestern UniversityEvanstonIllinoisUSA
| | - Thomas J. Meade
- Department of ChemistryNorthwestern UniversityEvanstonIllinoisUSA
- Chemistry of Life Processes InstituteNorthwestern UniversityEvanstonIllinoisUSA
- Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences Training ProgramNorthwestern UniversityEvanstonIllinoisUSA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer CenterNorthwestern UniversityEvanstonIllinoisUSA
| | - Muzhou Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringNorthwestern UniversityEvanstonIllinoisUSA
| | - Joshua N. Leonard
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringNorthwestern UniversityEvanstonIllinoisUSA
- Center for Synthetic BiologyNorthwestern UniversityEvanstonIllinoisUSA
- Chemistry of Life Processes InstituteNorthwestern UniversityEvanstonIllinoisUSA
- Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences Training ProgramNorthwestern UniversityEvanstonIllinoisUSA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer CenterNorthwestern UniversityEvanstonIllinoisUSA
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2
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Mitrut RE, Stranford DM, DiBiase BN, Chan JM, Bailey MD, Luo M, Harper CS, Meade TJ, Wang M, Leonard JN. HaloTag display enables quantitative single-particle characterization and functionalization of engineered extracellular vesicles. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.09.25.559433. [PMID: 37808729 PMCID: PMC10557717 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.25.559433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play key roles in diverse biological processes, transport biomolecules between cells, and have been engineered for therapeutic applications. A useful EV bioengineering strategy is to express engineered proteins on the EV surface to confer targeting, bioactivity, and other properties. Measuring how incorporation varies across a population of EVs is important for characterizing such materials and understanding their function, yet it remains challenging to quantitatively characterize the absolute number of engineered proteins incorporated at single-EV resolution. To address these needs, we developed a HaloTag-based characterization platform in which dyes or other synthetic species can be covalently and stoichiometrically attached to engineered proteins on the EV surface. To evaluate this system, we employed several orthogonal quantification methods, including flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy, and found that HaloTag-mediated quantification is generally robust across EV analysis methods. We compared HaloTag-labeling to antibody-labeling of EVs using single vesicle flow cytometry, enabling us to measure the substantial degree to which antibody labeling can underestimate proteins present on an EV. Finally, we demonstrate the use of HaloTag to compare between protein designs for EV bioengineering. Overall, the HaloTag system is a useful EV characterization tool which complements and expands existing methods.
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3
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Castillon GA, Phan S, Hu J, Boassa D, Adams SR, Ellisman MH. Proximal Molecular Probe Transfer (PROMPT), a new approach for identifying sites of protein/nucleic acid interaction in cells by correlated light and electron microscopy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21462. [PMID: 38052818 PMCID: PMC10697944 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45413-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The binding and interaction of proteins with nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA constitutes a fundamental biochemical and biophysical process in all living organisms. Identifying and visualizing such temporal interactions in cells is key to understanding their function. To image sites of these events in cells across scales, we developed a method, named PROMPT for PROximal Molecular Probe Transfer, which is applicable to both light and correlative electron microscopy. This method relies on the transfer of a bound photosensitizer from a protein known to associate with specific nucleic acid sequence, allowing the marking of the binding site on DNA or RNA in fixed cells. The method produces a fluorescent mark at the site of their interaction, that can be made electron dense and reimaged at high resolution in the electron microscope. As proof of principle, we labeled in situ the interaction sites between the histone H2B and nuclear DNA. As an example of application for specific RNA localizations we labeled different nuclear and nucleolar fractions of the protein Fibrillarin to mark and locate where it associates with RNAs, also using electron tomography. While the current PROMPT method is designed for microscopy, with minimal variations, it can be potentially expanded to analytical techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume A Castillon
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Sebastien Phan
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Junru Hu
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Daniela Boassa
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Stephen R Adams
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Mark H Ellisman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Center for Research in Biological Systems, National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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4
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Adams SR, Mackey MR, Ramachandra R, Deerinck TJ, Castillon GA, Phan S, Hu J, Boassa D, Ngo JT, Ellisman MH. Fe-TAMLs as a new class of small molecule peroxidase probes for correlated light and electron microscopy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.25.554352. [PMID: 37662194 PMCID: PMC10473768 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.25.554352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
We introduce Fe-TAML, a small molecule-based peroxidase as a versatile new member of the correlated fluorescence and electron microscopy toolkit. The utility of the probe is demonstrated by high resolution imaging of newly synthesized DNA (through biorthogonal labeling), genetically tagged proteins (using HaloTag), and untagged endogenous proteins (via immunostaining). EM visualization in these applications is facilitated by exploiting Fe-TAML's catalytic activity for the deposition of localized osmiophilic precipitates based on polymerized 3,3'-diaminobenzidine. Optimized conditions for synthesizing and implementing Fe-TAML based probes are also described. Overall, Fe-TAML is a new chemical biology tool that can be used to visualize diverse biomolecular species along nanometer and micron scales within cells.
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5
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Castillon GA, Phan S, Hu J, Boassa D, Adams SR, Ellisman MH. Proximal Molecular Probe Transfer (PROMPT), a new approach for identifying sites of protein/nucleic acid interaction in cells by correlated light and electron microscopy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.30.542936. [PMID: 37808832 PMCID: PMC10557592 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.30.542936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The binding and interaction of proteins with nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA constitutes a fundamental biochemical and biophysical process in all living organisms. Identifying and visualizing such temporal interactions in cells is key to understanding their function. To image sites of these events in cells across scales, we developed a method, named PROMPT for PROximal Molecular Probe Transfer, which is applicable to both light and correlative electron microscopy. This method relies on the transfer of a bound photosensitizer from a protein known to associate with specific nucleic acid sequence, allowing the marking of the binding site on DNA or RNA in fixed cells. The method produces a fluorescent mark at the site of their interaction, that can be made electron dense and reimaged at high resolution in the electron microscope. As proof of principle, we labeled in situ the interaction sites between the histone H2B and nuclear DNA. As an example of application for specific RNA localizations we labeled different nuclear and nucleolar fractions of the protein Fibrillarin to mark and locate where it associates with RNAs, also using electron tomography. While the current PROMPT method is designed for microscopy, with minimal variations, it can be potentially expanded to analytical techniques.
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6
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Thankarajan E, Oz S, Saady A, Kulbitski K, Kompanets MO, Eisen MS, Berlin S. SNAP-Tag-Targeted MRI-Fluorescent Multimodal Probes. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300172. [PMID: 37092744 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a powerful imaging modality, widely employed in research and clinical settings. However, MRI images suffer from low signals and a lack of target specificity. We aimed to develop a multimodal imaging probe to detect targeted cells by MRI and fluorescence microscopy. We synthesized a trifunctional imaging probe consisting of a SNAP-tag substrate for irreversible and specific labelling of cells, cyanine dyes for bright fluorescence, and a chelated GdIII molecule for enhancing MRI contrast. Our probes exhibit specific and efficient labelling of genetically defined cells (expressing SNAP-tag at their membrane), bright fluorescence and MRI signal. Our synthetic approach provides a versatile platform for the production of multimodal imaging probes, particularly for light microscopy and MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebaston Thankarajan
- Department of Neuroscience, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3525422, Israel
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Shimrit Oz
- Department of Neuroscience, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3525422, Israel
| | - Abed Saady
- Department of Neuroscience, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3525422, Israel
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
- Present address: School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Kseniya Kulbitski
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Mykhail O Kompanets
- L.M. Litvinenko Institute of Physico-Organic Chemistry and Coal Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 02660, Ukraine
| | - Moris S Eisen
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Shai Berlin
- Department of Neuroscience, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3525422, Israel
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Maisonial-Besset A, Witkowski T, Quintana M, Besse S, Gaumet V, Cordonnier A, Alliot C, Vidal A, Denevault-Sabourin C, Tarrit S, Levesque S, Miot-Noirault E, Chezal JM. Synthesis and In Vitro Comparison of DOTA, NODAGA and 15-5 Macrocycles as Chelators for the 64Cu-Labelling of Immunoconjugates. Molecules 2022; 28:molecules28010075. [PMID: 36615280 PMCID: PMC9822305 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of 64Cu-based immuno-PET radiotracers requires the use of copper-specific bifunctional chelators (BFCs) that contain functional groups allowing both convenient bioconjugation and stable copper complexes to limit in vivo bioreduction, transmetallation and/or transchelation. The excellent in vivo kinetic inertness of the pentaazamacrocyclic [64Cu]Cu-15-5 complex prompted us to investigate its potential for the 64Cu-labelling of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), compared with the well-known NODAGA and DOTA chelators. To this end, three NODAGA, DOTA and 15-5-derived BFCs, containing a pendant azadibenzocyclooctyne moiety, were synthesised and a robust methodology was determined to form covalent bonds between them and azide-functionalised trastuzumab, an anti-HER2 mAb, using strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition. Unlike the DOTA derivative, the NODAGA- and 15-5-mAb conjugates were radiolabelled with 64Cu, obtaining excellent radiochemical yields, under mild conditions. Although all the radioimmunoconjugates showed excellent stability in PBS or mouse serum, [64Cu]Cu-15-5- and [64Cu]Cu-NODAGA-trastuzumab presented higher resistance to transchelation when challenged by EDTA. Finally, the immunoreactive fraction of the radioimmunoconjugates (88-94%) was determined in HER-2 positive BT474 human breast cancer cells, confirming that the bioconjugation and radiolabelling processes implemented had no significant impact on antigen recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Maisonial-Besset
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR 1240, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Tiffany Witkowski
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR 1240, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Mercedes Quintana
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR 1240, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sophie Besse
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR 1240, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Vincent Gaumet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR 1240, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Axel Cordonnier
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR 1240, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | | | - Caroline Denevault-Sabourin
- GICC EA7501, Team IMT, Université de Tours, UFR de Médecine, Bâtiment Vialle, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, BP 3223, CEDEX 01, 37032 Tours, France
| | - Sébastien Tarrit
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR 1240, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sophie Levesque
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Jean Perrin Comprehensive Cancer Centre, F-63011 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Elisabeth Miot-Noirault
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR 1240, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean-Michel Chezal
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR 1240, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Correspondence:
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8
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Liu H, Ahn DJ. Anisotropic CdSe Tetrapods in Vortex Flow for Removing Non-Specific Binding and Increasing Protein Capture. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:s22155929. [PMID: 35957486 PMCID: PMC9371395 DOI: 10.3390/s22155929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Non-specific binding (NSB) is one of the important issues in biosensing performance. Herein, we designed a strategy for removing non-specific binding including anti-mouse IgG antibody and bovine serum albumin (BSA) by utilizing anisotropic cadmium selenide tetrapods (CdSe TPs) in a vortex flow. The shear force on the tetrapod nanoparticles was increased by controlling the rotation rate of the vortex flow from 0 rpm to 1000 rpm. As a result, photoluminescence (PL) signals of fluorescein (FITC)-conjugated protein, anti-mouse IgG antibody-FITC and bovine serum albumin (BSA)-FITC, were reduced by 35% and 45%, respectively, indicating that NSB can be removed under vortex flow. In particular, simultaneous NSB removal and protein capture can be achieved even with mixture solutions of target antibodies and anti-mouse IgG antibodies by applying cyclic mode vortex flow on anisotropic CdSe TPs. These results demonstrate successfully that NSB can be diminished by rotating CdSe TPs to generate shear force under vortex flow. This study opens up new research protocols for utilization of anisotropic nanoparticles under vortex flow, which increases the feasibility of protein capture and non-specific proteins removal for biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanzhe Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Dong June Ahn
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
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9
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CHEN W, YOUNIS MH, ZHAO Z, CAI W. Recent biomedical advances enabled by HaloTag technology. BIOCELL 2022; 46:1789-1801. [PMID: 35601815 PMCID: PMC9119580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The knowledge of interactions among functional proteins helps researchers understand disease mechanisms and design potential strategies for treatment. As a general approach, the fluorescent and affinity tags were employed for exploring this field by labeling the Protein of Interest (POI). However, the autofluorescence and weak binding strength significantly reduce the accuracy and specificity of these tags. Conversely, HaloTag, a novel self-labeling enzyme (SLE) tag, could quickly form a covalent bond with its ligand, enabling fast and specific labeling of POI. These desirable features greatly increase the accuracy and specificity, making the HaloTag a valuable system for various applications ranging from imaging to immobilization of POI. Notably, the HaloTag technique has already been successfully employed in a series of studies with excellent efficiency. In this review, we summarize the development of HaloTag and recent advanced investigations associated with HaloTag, including in vitro imaging (e.g., POI imaging, cellular condition monitoring, microorganism imaging, system development), in vivo imaging, biomolecule immobilization (e.g., POI collection, protein/nuclear acid interaction and protein structure analysis), targeted degradation (e.g., L-AdPROM), and more. We also present a systematic discussion regarding the future direction and challenges of the HaloTag technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyu CHEN
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, 322000, China,International Institutes of Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, 322000, China
| | - Muhsin H. YOUNIS
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Zhongkuo ZHAO
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, 322000, China,Address correspondence to: Zhongkuo Zhao, ; Weibo Cai,
| | - Weibo CAI
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA,Address correspondence to: Zhongkuo Zhao, ; Weibo Cai,
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10
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Fischer S, Ward TR, Liang AD. Engineering a Metathesis-Catalyzing Artificial Metalloenzyme Based on HaloTag. ACS Catal 2021; 11:6343-6347. [PMID: 34055452 PMCID: PMC8154321 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Artificial metalloenzymes (ArMs) are created by embedding a synthetic metal catalyst into a protein scaffold. ArMs have the potential to merge the catalytic advantages of natural enzymes with the reaction scope of synthetic catalysts. The choice of the protein scaffold is of utmost importance to tune the activity of the ArM. Herein, we show the repurposing of HaloTag, a self-labeling protein widely used in chemical biology, to create an ArM scaffold for metathesis. This monomeric protein scaffold allows for covalent attachment of metathesis cofactors, and the resulting ArMs are capable of catalyzing ring-closing metathesis. Both chemical and genetic engineering were explored to determine the evolvability of the resulting ArM. Additionally, exploration of the substrate scope revealed a reaction with promising turnover numbers (>48) and conversion rates (>96%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Fischer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, BRP 1096, Rosental CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas R. Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, BRP 1096, Rosental CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexandria D. Liang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, BRP 1096, Rosental CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
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11
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Zhou S, He P, Dhindwal S, Grum-Tokars VL, Li Y, Parker K, Modica JA, Bleher R, Dos Reis R, Zuchniarz J, Dravid VP, Voth GA, Roux B, Mrksich M. Synthesis, Characterization, and Simulation of Four-Armed Megamolecules. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:2363-2372. [PMID: 33979120 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the synthesis, characterization, and modeling of a series of molecules having four protein domains attached to a central core. The molecules were assembled with the "megamolecule" strategy, wherein enzymes react with their covalent inhibitors that are substituted on a linker. Three linkers were synthesized, where each had four oligo(ethylene glycol)-based arms terminated in a para-nitrophenyl phosphonate group that is a covalent inhibitor for cutinase. This enzyme is a serine hydrolase and reacts efficiently with the phosphonate to give a new ester linkage at the Ser-120 residue in the active site of the enzyme. Negative-stain transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images confirmed the architecture of the four-armed megamolecules. These cutinase tetramers were also characterized by X-ray crystallography, which confirmed the active-site serine-phosphonate linkage by electron-density maps. Molecular dynamics simulations of the tetracutinase megamolecules using three different force field setups were performed and compared with the TEM observations. Using the Amberff99SB-disp + pH7 force field, the two-dimensional projection distances of the megamolecules were found to agree with the measured dimensions from TEM. The study described here, which combines high-resolution characterization with molecular dynamics simulations, will lead to a comprehensive understanding of the molecular structures and dynamics for this new class of molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengwang Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China
| | - Peng He
- Department of Chemistry, Chicago Center for Theoretical Chemistry, James Franck Institute, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Sonali Dhindwal
- Department of Materials Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Valerie L Grum-Tokars
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Kelly Parker
- Department of Materials Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Justin A Modica
- Departments of Chemistry and Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Reiner Bleher
- Department of Materials Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Roberto Dos Reis
- Department of Materials Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Joshua Zuchniarz
- Department of Chemistry, Chicago Center for Theoretical Chemistry, James Franck Institute, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Vinayak P Dravid
- Department of Materials Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Gregory A Voth
- Department of Chemistry, Chicago Center for Theoretical Chemistry, James Franck Institute, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Benoît Roux
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Milan Mrksich
- Departments of Chemistry and Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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12
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An Activatable T 1-Weighted MR Contrast Agent: A Noninvasive Tool for Tracking the Vicinal Thiol Motif of Thioredoxin in Live Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26072018. [PMID: 33916181 PMCID: PMC8037249 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26072018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We have synthesized new magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T1 contrast agents (CA1 and CA2) that permit the activatable recognition of the cellular vicinal thiol motifs of the protein thioredoxin. The contrast agents showed MR relaxivities typical of gadolinium complexes with a single water molecule coordinated to a Gd3+ center (i.e., ~4.54 mM−1s−1) for both CA1 and CA2 at 60 MHz. The contrast agent CA1 showed a ~140% relaxivity enhancement in the presence of thioredoxin, a finding attributed to a reduction in the flexibility of the molecule after binding to thioredoxin. Support for this rationale, as opposed to one based on preferential binding, came from 1H-15N-HSQC NMR spectral studies; these revealed that the binding affinities toward thioredoxin were almost the same for both CA1 and CA2. In the case of CA1, T1-weighted phantom images of cancer cells (MCF-7, A549) could be generated based on the expression of thioredoxin. We further confirmed thioredoxin expression-dependent changes in the T1-weighted contrast via knockdown of the expression of the thioredoxin using siRNA-transfected MCF-7 cells. The nontoxic nature of CA1, coupled with its relaxivity features, leads us to suggest that it constitutes a first-in-class MRI T1 contrast agent that allows for the facile and noninvasive monitoring of vicinal thiol protein motif expression in live cells.
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13
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Hall AJ, Robertson AG, Hill LR, Rendina LM. Synthesis and tumour cell uptake studies of gadolinium(III)-phosphonium complexes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:598. [PMID: 33436690 PMCID: PMC7804430 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79893-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of a new series of Gd(III)-arylphosphonium complexes is described and the solution stability of selected compounds is reported. Their lipophilicity and uptake in human glial (SVG p12) and human glioblastoma multiforme (T98G) cell lines are presented. The in vitro cytotoxicity of all complexes was determined to be low at therapeutically-relevant concentrations. Selected Gd(III) complexes are potential candidates for further investigation as theranostic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Hall
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Amy G Robertson
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Leila R Hill
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Louis M Rendina
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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14
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Li H, Meade TJ. Molecular Magnetic Resonance Imaging with Gd(III)-Based Contrast Agents: Challenges and Key Advances. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:17025-17041. [PMID: 31593630 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b09149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In an era of personalized medicine, the clinical community has become increasingly focused on understanding diseases at the cellular and molecular levels. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a powerful imaging modality for acquiring anatomical and functional information. However, it has limited applications in the field of molecular imaging due to its low sensitivity. To expand the capability of MRI to encompass molecular imaging applications, we introduced bioresponsive Gd(III)-based magnetic resonance contrast agents (GBCAs) in 1997. Since that time, many research groups across the globe have developed new examples of bioresponsive GBCAs. These contrast agents have shown great promise for visualizing several biochemical processes, such as gene expression, neuronal signaling, and hormone secretion. They are designed to be conditionally retained, or activated, in vivo in response to specific biochemical events of interest. As a result, an observed MR signal change can serve as a read-out for molecular events. A significant challenge for these probes is how to utilize them for noninvasive diagnostic and theranostic applications. This Perspective focuses on the design strategies that underlie bioresponsive probes, and describes the key advances made in recent years that are facilitating their application in vivo and ultimately in clinical translation. While the field of bioresponsive agents is embryonic, it is clear that many solutions to the experimental and clinical radiologic problems of today will be overcome by the probes of tomorrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, and Radiology Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Thomas J Meade
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, and Radiology Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
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15
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Patterson MG, Mulville AK, Connor EK, Henry AT, Hudson ML, Tissue K, Biros SM, Werner EJ. Lanthanide extraction selectivity of a tripodal carbamoylmethylphosphine oxide ligand system. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:14318-14326. [PMID: 30051120 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt02239a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Lanthanide extraction selectivity is attained by variation of the ligand structure and extraction conditions for a series of CMPO-based ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew K. Mulville
- Department of Chemistry
- Biochemistry and Physics
- The University of Tampa
- Tampa
- USA
| | - Emily K. Connor
- Department of Chemistry
- Biochemistry and Physics
- The University of Tampa
- Tampa
- USA
| | - Alyssa T. Henry
- Department of Chemistry
- Biochemistry and Physics
- The University of Tampa
- Tampa
- USA
| | | | - Kirsten Tissue
- Department of Chemistry
- Grand Valley State University
- Allendale
- USA
| | - Shannon M. Biros
- Department of Chemistry
- Grand Valley State University
- Allendale
- USA
| | - Eric J. Werner
- Department of Chemistry
- Biochemistry and Physics
- The University of Tampa
- Tampa
- USA
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16
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Chen H, Li X, Liu F, Zhang H, Wang Z. Renal Clearable Peptide Functionalized NaGdF 4 Nanodots for High-Efficiency Tracking Orthotopic Colorectal Tumor in Mouse. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:3134-3141. [PMID: 28727430 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The effective delivery of bioimaging probes to a selected cancerous tissue has extensive significance for biological studies and clinical investigations. Herein, the peptide functionalized NaGdF4 nanodots (termed as, pPeptide-NaGdF4 nanodots) have been prepared for highly efficient magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of tumor by formation of Gd-phosphonate coordinate bonds among hydrophobic NaGdF4 nanodots (4.2 nm in diameter) with mixed phosphorylated peptide ligands including a tumor targeting phosphopeptide and a cell penetrating phosphopeptide. The tumor targeting pPeptide-NaGdF4 nanodots have paramagnetic property with ultrasmall hydrodynamic diameter (HD, c.a., 7.3 nm) which greatly improves their MRI contrast ability of tumor and facilitates renal clearance. In detail, the capability of the pPeptide-NaGdF4 nanodots as high efficient contrast agent for in vivo MRI is evaluated successfully through tracking small drug induced orthotopic colorectal tumor (c.a., 195 mm3 in volume) in mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongda Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Fuyao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Huimao Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Zhenxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022, P. R. China
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17
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Enhancing T 1 magnetic resonance imaging contrast with internalized gadolinium(III) in a multilayer nanoparticle. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017. [PMID: 28630340 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1701944114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Multifunctional nanoparticles for biomedical applications have shown extraordinary potential as contrast agents in various bioimaging modalities, near-IR photothermal therapy, and for light-triggered therapeutic release processes. Over the past several years, numerous studies have been performed to synthesize and enhance MRI contrast with nanoparticles. However, understanding the MRI enhancement mechanism in a multishell nanoparticle geometry, and controlling its properties, remains a challenge. To systematically examine MRI enhancement in a nanoparticle geometry, we have synthesized MRI-active Au nanomatryoshkas. These are Au core-silica layer-Au shell nanoparticles, where Gd(III) ions are encapsulated within the silica layer between the inner core and outer Au layer of the nanoparticle (Gd-NM). This multifunctional nanoparticle retains its strong near-IR Fano-resonant optical absorption properties essential for photothermal or other near-IR light-triggered therapy, while simultaneously providing increased T1 contrast in MR imaging by concentrating Gd(III) within the nanoparticle. Measurements of Gd-NM revealed a strongly enhanced T1 relaxivity (r1 ∼ 24 mM-1⋅s-1) even at 4.7 T, substantially surpassing conventional Gd(III) chelating agents (r1 ∼ 3 mM-1⋅s-1 at 4.7 T) currently in clinical use. By varying the thickness of the outer gold layer of the nanoparticle, we show that the observed relaxivities are consistent with Solomon-Bloembergen-Morgan (SBM) theory, which takes into account the longer-range interactions between the encapsulated Gd(III) and the protons of the H2O molecules outside the nanoparticle. This nanoparticle complex and its MRI T1-enhancing properties open the door for future studies on quantitative tracking of therapeutic nanoparticles in vivo, an essential step for optimizing light-induced, nanoparticle-based therapies.
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18
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Wang L, Lin H, Ma L, Jin J, Shen T, Wei R, Wang X, Ai H, Chen Z, Gao J. Albumin-based nanoparticles loaded with hydrophobic gadolinium chelates as T 1-T 2 dual-mode contrast agents for accurate liver tumor imaging. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:4516-4523. [PMID: 28317976 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr01134b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance contrast agents with T1-T2 dual mode contrast capability have attracted considerable interest because they offer complementary and synergistic diagnostic information, leading to high imaging sensitivity and accurate diagnosis. Here, we reported a facile strategy to construct albumin based nanoparticles loaded with hydrophobic gadolinium chelates by hydrophobic interaction for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We synthesized a glycyrrhetinic acid-containing Gd-DOTA derivative (GGD) and loaded GGD molecules into BSA nanoparticles to form GGD-BSA nanoparticles (GGD-BSA NPs). The large size and porous structure endow GGD-BSA NPs with geometrical confinement, which restricts the tumbling of GGD and the diffusion of surrounding water molecules. As a result, GGD-BSA NPs exhibit ultrahigh T1 and T2 relaxivities, which are approximately 8-fold higher than those of gadolinium-based clinical contrast agents at 0.5 T. Besides, due to the intrinsic properties of their components, GGD-BSA NPs show good biocompatibility in vitro and in vivo, which warrants their great potential in clinical translation. Furthermore, GGD-BSA NPs show remarkable sensitivity in noninvasive detection of liver tumors by self-confirmed T1-T2 dual-mode contrast-enhanced MRI. All of these merits make GGD-BSA NPs a potential candidate for fruitful biomedical and preclinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Hongyu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Lingceng Ma
- Department of Electronic Science and Fujian Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jianbin Jin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - Taipeng Shen
- National Engineering Research Centre for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Ruixue Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - Hua Ai
- National Engineering Research Centre for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Electronic Science and Fujian Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jinhao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
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19
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Hung AH, Lilley LM, Hu F, Harrison VSR, Meade TJ. Magnetic barcode imaging for contrast agents. Magn Reson Med 2017; 77:970-978. [PMID: 27062518 PMCID: PMC5055837 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To demonstrate a new MR imaging approach that unambiguously identifies and quantitates contrast agents based on intrinsic agent properties such as r1 , r2 , r2*, and magnetic susceptibility. The approach is referred to as magnetic barcode imaging (MBI). METHODS Targeted and bioresponsive contrast agents were imaged in agarose phantoms to generate T1 , T2 , T2*, and quantitative susceptibility maps. The parameter maps were processed by a machine learning algorithm that is trained to recognize the contrast agents based on these parameters. The output is a quantitative map of contrast agent concentration, identity, and functional state. RESULTS MBI allowed the quantitative interpretation of intensities, removed confounding backgrounds, enabled contrast agent multiplexing, and unambiguously detected the activation and binding states of bioresponsive and targeted contrast agents. CONCLUSION MBI has the potential to overcome significant limitations in the interpretation, quantitation, and multiplexing of contrast enhancement by MR imaging probes. Magn Reson Med 77:970-978, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy H. Hung
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Radiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Laura M. Lilley
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Radiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Fengqin Hu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Victoria S. R. Harrison
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Radiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Thomas J. Meade
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Radiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
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20
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Wang L, Lin H, Ma L, Sun C, Huang J, Li A, Zhao T, Chen Z, Gao J. Geometrical confinement directed albumin-based nanoprobes as enhanced T1 contrast agents for tumor imaging. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:8004-8012. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb02005h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We report a facile strategy to assemble geometrically confined albumin-based nanoparticles as T1 contrast agents for sensitive tumor imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- The MOE Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation
- The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and iChEM
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
| | - Hongyu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- The MOE Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation
- The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and iChEM
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
| | - Lengceng Ma
- Department of Electronic Science and Fujian Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
- China
| | - Chengjie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- The MOE Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation
- The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and iChEM
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
| | - Jiaqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- The MOE Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation
- The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and iChEM
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
| | - Ao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- The MOE Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation
- The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and iChEM
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
| | - Tian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- The MOE Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation
- The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and iChEM
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Electronic Science and Fujian Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
- China
| | - Jinhao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- The MOE Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation
- The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and iChEM
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
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21
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Vistain LF, Rotz MW, Rathore R, Preslar AT, Meade TJ. Targeted delivery of gold nanoparticle contrast agents for reporting gene detection by magnetic resonance imaging. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:160-3. [PMID: 26505558 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc06565h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Detection of protein expression by MRI requires a high payload of Gd(III) per protein binding event. Presented here is a targeted AuDNA nanoparticle capable of delivering several hundred Gd(III) chelates to the HaloTag reporter protein. Incubating this particle with HaloTag-expressing cells produced a 9.4 contrast-to-noise ratio compared to non-expressing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke F Vistain
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Radiology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA.
| | - Matthew W Rotz
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Radiology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA.
| | - Richa Rathore
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Radiology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA.
| | - Adam T Preslar
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Radiology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA.
| | - Thomas J Meade
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Radiology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA.
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22
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Holbrook RJ, Rammohan N, Rotz MW, MacRenaris KW, Preslar AT, Meade TJ. Gd(III)-Dithiolane Gold Nanoparticles for T1-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Pancreas. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:3202-9. [PMID: 27050622 PMCID: PMC5045863 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b00599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma has a 5 year survival of approximately 3% and median survival of 6 months and is among the most dismal of prognoses in all of medicine. This poor prognosis is largely due to delayed diagnosis where patients remain asymptomatic until advanced disease is present. Therefore, techniques to allow early detection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma are desperately needed. Imaging of pancreatic tissue is notoriously difficult, and the development of new imaging techniques would impact our understanding of organ physiology and pathology with applications in disease diagnosis, staging, and longitudinal response to therapy in vivo. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides numerous advantages for these types of investigations; however, it is unable to delineate the pancreas due to low inherent contrast within this tissue type. To overcome this limitation, we have prepared a new Gd(III) contrast agent that accumulates in the pancreas and provides significant contrast enhancement by MR imaging. We describe the synthesis and characterization of a new dithiolane-Gd(III) complex and a straightforward and scalable approach for conjugation to a gold nanoparticle. We present data that show the nanoconjugates exhibit very high per particle values of r1 relaxivity at both low and high magnetic field strengths due to the high Gd(III) payload. We provide evidence of pancreatic tissue labeling that includes MR images, post-mortem biodistribution analysis, and pancreatic tissue evaluation of particle localization. Significant contrast enhancement was observed allowing clear identification of the pancreas with contrast-to-noise ratios exceeding 35:1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Holbrook
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, Radiology, and Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Nikhil Rammohan
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, Radiology, and Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Matthew W. Rotz
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, Radiology, and Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Keith W. MacRenaris
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, Radiology, and Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Adam T. Preslar
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, Radiology, and Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Thomas J. Meade
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, Radiology, and Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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23
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Hu HY, Lim NH, Juretschke HP, Ding-Pfennigdorff D, Florian P, Kohlmann M, Kandira A, Peter von Kries J, Saas J, Rudolphi KA, Wendt KU, Nagase H, Plettenburg O, Nazare M, Schultz C. In vivo visualization of osteoarthritic hypertrophic lesions. Chem Sci 2015; 6:6256-6261. [PMID: 30090244 PMCID: PMC6054140 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc01301a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common diseases in the aging population. While disease progress in humans is monitored indirectly by X-ray or MRI, small animal OA lesions detection always requires surgical intervention and histology. Here we introduce bimodal MR/NIR probes based on cartilage-targeting 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane 1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid amide (DOTAM) that are directly administered to the joint cavity. We demonstrate applications in healthy and diseased rat joints by MRI in vivo. The same joints are inspected post-mortem by fluorescence microscopy, showing not only the precise location of the reagents but also revealing details such as focal cartilage damage and chondrophyte or osteophyte formation. This allows for determining the distinct pathological state of the disease and the regeneration capability of the animal model and will help to correctly assess the effect of potential disease modifying OA drugs (DMOADs) in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yu Hu
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) , Interdisciplinary Chemistry Group , Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit , Meyerhofstr. 1 , 69117 Heidelberg , Germany .
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH , Industriepark Hoechst , 65962 Frankfurt , Germany
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines , Institute of Materia Medica , Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , 1 Xiannongtan Street , 100050 , Beijing , China
| | - Ngee-Han Lim
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology , University of Oxford , Roosevelt Drive , Headington , Oxford OX37FY , UK
| | - Hans-Paul Juretschke
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH , Industriepark Hoechst , 65962 Frankfurt , Germany
| | | | - Peter Florian
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH , Industriepark Hoechst , 65962 Frankfurt , Germany
| | - Markus Kohlmann
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH , Industriepark Hoechst , 65962 Frankfurt , Germany
| | - Abdullah Kandira
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH , Industriepark Hoechst , 65962 Frankfurt , Germany
| | - Jens Peter von Kries
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH , Industriepark Hoechst , 65962 Frankfurt , Germany
| | - Joachim Saas
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH , Industriepark Hoechst , 65962 Frankfurt , Germany
| | - Karl A Rudolphi
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH , Industriepark Hoechst , 65962 Frankfurt , Germany
| | - K Ulrich Wendt
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH , Industriepark Hoechst , 65962 Frankfurt , Germany
| | - Hideaki Nagase
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH , Industriepark Hoechst , 65962 Frankfurt , Germany
| | - Oliver Plettenburg
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH , Industriepark Hoechst , 65962 Frankfurt , Germany
| | - Marc Nazare
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH , Industriepark Hoechst , 65962 Frankfurt , Germany
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) , Campus Berlin-Buch , Robert-Roessle-Str. 10 , 13125 Berlin , Germany .
| | - Carsten Schultz
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) , Interdisciplinary Chemistry Group , Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit , Meyerhofstr. 1 , 69117 Heidelberg , Germany .
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24
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Longo DL, Arena F, Consolino L, Minazzi P, Geninatti-Crich S, Giovenzana GB, Aime S. Gd-AAZTA-MADEC, an improved blood pool agent for DCE-MRI studies on mice on 1 T scanners. Biomaterials 2015; 75:47-57. [PMID: 26480471 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel MRI blood-pool contrast agent (Gd-AAZTA-MADEC) has been compared with established blood pool agents for tumor contrast enhanced images and angiography. Synthesis, relaxometric properties, albumin binding affinity and pharmacokinetic profiles are reported. For in vivo studies, angiographic images and tumor contrast enhanced images were acquired on mice with benchtop 1T-MRI scanners and compared with MS-325, B22956/1 and B25716/1. The design of this contrast agent involved the elongation of the spacer between the targeting deoxycholic acid moiety and the Gd-AAZTA imaging reporting unit that drastically changed either the binding affinity to albumin (KA(HSA) = 8.3 × 10(5) M(-1)) and the hydration state of the Gd ion (q = 2) in comparison to the recently reported B25716/1. The very markedly high binding affinity towards mouse and human serum albumins resulted in peculiar pharmacokinetics and relaxometric properties. The NMRD profiles clearly indicated that maximum efficiency is attainable at magnetic field strength of 1 T. In vivo studies showed high enhancement of the vasculature and a prolonged accumulation inside tumor. The herein reported pre-clinical imaging studies show that a great benefit arises from the combination of a benchtop MRI scanner operating at 1 T and the albumin-binding Gd-AAZTA-MADEC complex, for pursuing enhanced angiography and improved characterization of tumor vascular microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Livio Longo
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini (CNR) c/o Molecular Biotechnology Center, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy; Molecular Imaging Center, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy.
| | - Francesca Arena
- Molecular Imaging Center, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy; Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Lorena Consolino
- Molecular Imaging Center, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy; Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy; CAGE Chemicals Srl, Via Bovio 6, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Paolo Minazzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro" Largo Donegani 2/3, 28100, Novara, Italy; CAGE Chemicals Srl, Via Bovio 6, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Simonetta Geninatti-Crich
- Molecular Imaging Center, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy; Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Giovanni Battista Giovenzana
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro" Largo Donegani 2/3, 28100, Novara, Italy; CAGE Chemicals Srl, Via Bovio 6, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Silvio Aime
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini (CNR) c/o Molecular Biotechnology Center, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy; Molecular Imaging Center, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy; Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy
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Harrison VSR, Carney CE, MacRenaris KW, Waters EA, Meade TJ. Multimeric Near IR-MR Contrast Agent for Multimodal In Vivo Imaging. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:9108-16. [PMID: 26083313 PMCID: PMC4512902 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b04509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Multiple imaging modalities are often required for in vivo imaging applications that require both high probe sensitivity and excellent spatial and temporal resolution. In particular, MR and optical imaging are an attractive combination that can be used to determine both molecular and anatomical information. Herein, we describe the synthesis and in vivo testing of two multimeric NIR-MR contrast agents that contain three Gd(III) chelates and an IR-783 dye moiety. One agent contains a PEG linker and the other a short alkyl linker. These agents label cells with extraordinary efficacy and can be detected in vivo using both imaging modalities. Biodistribution of the PEGylated agent shows observable fluorescence in xenograft MCF7 tumors and renal clearance by MR imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria S R Harrison
- †Department of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Radiology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Christiane E Carney
- †Department of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Radiology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Keith W MacRenaris
- †Department of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Radiology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Emily A Waters
- ‡Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Thomas J Meade
- †Department of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Radiology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States.,‡Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
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Abstract
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Exploration of protein function and
interaction is critical for
discovering links among genomics, proteomics, and disease state; yet,
the immense complexity of proteomics found in biological systems currently
limits our investigational capacity. Although affinity and autofluorescent
tags are widely employed for protein analysis, these methods have
been met with limited success because they lack specificity and require
multiple fusion tags and genetic constructs. As an alternative approach,
the innovative HaloTag protein fusion platform allows protein function
and interaction to be comprehensively analyzed using a single genetic
construct with multiple capabilities. This is accomplished using a
simplified process, in which a variable HaloTag ligand binds rapidly
to the HaloTag protein (usually linked to the protein of interest)
with high affinity and specificity. In this review, we examine all
current applications of the HaloTag technology platform for biomedical
applications, such as the study of protein isolation and purification,
protein function, protein–protein and protein–DNA interactions,
biological assays, in vitro cellular imaging, and in vivo molecular imaging. In addition, novel uses of the
HaloTag platform are briefly discussed along with potential future
applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G England
- †Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Haiming Luo
- ‡Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Weibo Cai
- †Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States.,‡Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States.,§University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
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27
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Wang J, Zhao Y, Wang C, Zhu Q, Du Z, Hu A, Yang Y. Organelle-Specific Nitric Oxide Detection in Living Cells via HaloTag Protein Labeling. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123986. [PMID: 25923693 PMCID: PMC4414533 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a membrane-permeable signaling molecule that is constantly produced, transferred, and consumed in vivo. NO participates and plays important roles in multiple biological processes. However, spatiotemporal imaging of NO in living cells is challenging. To fill the gap in currently used techniques, we exploited the versatility of HaloTag technology and synthesized a novel organelle-targetable fluorescent probe called HTDAF-2DA. We demonstrate the utility of the probe by monitoring subcellular NO dynamics. The developed strategy enables precise determination of local NO function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Wang
- Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yuzheng Zhao
- Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Chao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Qian Zhu
- Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Zengmin Du
- Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Aiguo Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (AH); (YY)
| | - Yi Yang
- Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (AH); (YY)
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28
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Rotz MW, Culver KSB, Parigi G, MacRenaris KW, Luchinat C, Odom TW, Meade TJ. High relaxivity Gd(III)-DNA gold nanostars: investigation of shape effects on proton relaxation. ACS NANO 2015; 9:3385-96. [PMID: 25723190 PMCID: PMC4489565 DOI: 10.1021/nn5070953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Gadolinium(III) nanoconjugate contrast agents (CAs) have distinct advantages over their small-molecule counterparts in magnetic resonance imaging. In addition to increased Gd(III) payload, a significant improvement in proton relaxation efficiency, or relaxivity (r1), is often observed. In this work, we describe the synthesis and characterization of a nanoconjugate CA created by covalent attachment of Gd(III) to thiolated DNA (Gd(III)-DNA), followed by surface conjugation onto gold nanostars (DNA-Gd@stars). These conjugates exhibit remarkable r1 with values up to 98 mM(-1) s(-1). Additionally, DNA-Gd@stars show efficient Gd(III) delivery and biocompatibility in vitro and generate significant contrast enhancement when imaged at 7 T. Using nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion analysis, we attribute the high performance of the DNA-Gd@stars to an increased contribution of second-sphere relaxivity compared to that of spherical CA equivalents (DNA-Gd@spheres). Importantly, the surface of the gold nanostar contains Gd(III)-DNA in regions of positive, negative, and neutral curvature. We hypothesize that the proton relaxation enhancement observed results from the presence of a unique hydrophilic environment produced by Gd(III)-DNA in these regions, which allows second-sphere water molecules to remain adjacent to Gd(III) ions for up to 10 times longer than diffusion. These results establish that particle shape and second-sphere relaxivity are important considerations in the design of Gd(III) nanoconjugate CAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W. Rotz
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, and Radiology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Kayla S. B. Culver
- Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Giacomo Parigi
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM) and Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Keith W. MacRenaris
- Quantitative Bio-elemental Imaging Center, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Claudio Luchinat
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM) and Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Teri W. Odom
- Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Thomas J. Meade
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, and Radiology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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29
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Cakić N, Gündüz S, Rengarasu R, Angelovski G. Synthetic strategies for preparation of cyclen-based MRI contrast agents. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.12.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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30
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Bartelle BB, Mana MD, Suero-Abreu GA, Rodriguez JJ, Turnbull DH. Engineering an effective Mn-binding MRI reporter protein by subcellular targeting. Magn Reson Med 2014; 74:1750-7. [PMID: 25522343 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Manganese (Mn) is an effective contrast agent and biologically active metal, which has been widely used for Mn-enhanced MRI (MEMRI). The purpose of this study was to develop and test a Mn binding protein for use as a genetic reporter for MEMRI. METHODS The bacterial Mn-binding protein, MntR was identified as a candidate reporter protein. MntR was engineered for expression in mammalian cells, and targeted to different subcellular organelles, including the Golgi Apparatus where cellular Mn is enriched. Transfected HEK293 cells and B16 melanoma cells were tested in vitro and in vivo, using immunocytochemistry, MR imaging and relaxometry. RESULTS Subcellular targeting of MntR to the cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus was verified with immunocytochemistry. After targeting to the Golgi, MntR expression produced robust R1 changes and T1 contrast in cells, in vitro and in vivo. Co-expression with the divalent metal transporter DMT1, a previously described Mn-based reporter, further enhanced contrast in B16 cells in culture, but in the in vivo B16 tumor model tested was not significantly better than MntR alone. CONCLUSION This second-generation reporter system both expands the capabilities of genetically encoded reporters for imaging with MEMRI and provides important insights into the mechanisms of Mn biology which create endogenous MEMRI contrast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin B Bartelle
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Miyeko D Mana
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Koch Institute of Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Giselle A Suero-Abreu
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Joe J Rodriguez
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Daniel H Turnbull
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Departments of Radiology and Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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31
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Bendok BR, El Tecle NE, El Ahmadieh TY, Koht A, Gallagher TA, Carroll TJ, Markl M, Sabbagha R, Sabbagha A, Cella D, Nowinski C, Dewald JPA, Meade TJ, Samson D, Batjer HH. Advances and innovations in brain arteriovenous malformation surgery. Neurosurgery 2014; 74 Suppl 1:S60-73. [PMID: 24402494 DOI: 10.1227/neu.0000000000000230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) of the brain are very complex and intriguing pathologies. Since their initial description by Luschka and Virchow in the middle of the 19th century, multiple advances and innovations have revolutionized their management and surgical treatment. Here, we review the historical landmarks in the surgical treatment of AVMs and then illustrate the most recent and futuristic technologies aiming to improve outcomes in AVM surgeries. In particular, we examine potential advances in patient selection, imaging, surgical technique, neuroanesthesia, and postoperative neuro-rehabilitation and quantitative assessments. Finally, we illustrate how concurrent advances in radiosurgery and endovascular techniques might present new opportunities to treat AVMs more safely from a surgical perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard R Bendok
- Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Departments of *Neurological Surgery, ‡Radiology, §Otolaryngology, and ¶Anesthesiology, Chicago, Illinois; ‖Northwestern University, McCormick School of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Evanston, Illinois; Northwestern University, #Neuropsychology Institute, **Department of Medical Social Sciences, ‡‡Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, and §§Department of Chemistry, Chicago, Illinois; ¶¶University of Texas Southwestern, Department of Neurological Surgery, Dallas, Texas
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32
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Designing reactivity-based responsive lanthanide probes for multicolor detection in biological systems. Coord Chem Rev 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2013.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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33
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Zhao Z, Fan H, Zhou G, Bai H, Liang H, Wang R, Zhang X, Tan W. Activatable fluorescence/MRI bimodal platform for tumor cell imaging via MnO2 nanosheet-aptamer nanoprobe. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:11220-3. [PMID: 25061849 DOI: 10.1021/ja5029364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 399] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A novel dual-activatable fluorescence/MRI bimodal platform is designed for tumor cell imaging by using a redoxable manganese dioxide (MnO2) nanosheet-aptamer nanoprobe. The redoxable MnO2 nanosheet acts as a DNA nanocarrier, fluorescence quencher, and intracellular glutathione (GSH)-activated MRI contrast agent. In the absence of target cells, neither fluorescence signaling nor MRI contrast of the nanoprobe is activated. In the presence of target cells, the binding of aptamers to their targets weakens the adsorption of aptamers on the MnO2 nanosheets, causing partial fluorescence recovery, illuminating the target cells, and also facilitating the endocytosis of nanoprobes into target cells. After endocytosis, the reduction of MnO2 nanosheets by GSH further activates the fluorescence signals and generates large amounts of Mn(2+) ions suitable for MRI. This platform should facilitate the development of various dual-activatable fluorescence/MRI bimodalities for use in cells or in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Zhao
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, and Collaborative Research Center of Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University , Changsha 410082, China
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34
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie C. Heffern
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Radiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
| | - Lauren M. Matosziuk
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Radiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
| | - Thomas J. Meade
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Radiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
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35
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Yuan L, Zhang Z, Xu X, Zhou X. Chemical Labeling of 5-Iodo-2′-deoxyuridine with 4-Ethynyl-N-ethyl-1,8-naphthalimide Using Copper-Free Sonogashira Cross-Coupling in Aqueous Medium. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2013.841937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Libo Yuan
- a College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education , Wuhan University , Wuhan , Hubei , China
| | - Zhengan Zhang
- a College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education , Wuhan University , Wuhan , Hubei , China
| | - Xiaowei Xu
- a College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education , Wuhan University , Wuhan , Hubei , China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- a College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education , Wuhan University , Wuhan , Hubei , China
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36
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Rajendran M, Yapici E, Miller LW. Lanthanide-based imaging of protein-protein interactions in live cells. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:1839-53. [PMID: 24144069 PMCID: PMC3944735 DOI: 10.1021/ic4018739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In order to deduce the molecular mechanisms of biological function, it is necessary to monitor changes in the subcellular location, activation, and interaction of proteins within living cells in real time. Förster resonance energy-transfer (FRET)-based biosensors that incorporate genetically encoded, fluorescent proteins permit high spatial resolution imaging of protein-protein interactions or protein conformational dynamics. However, a nonspecific fluorescence background often obscures small FRET signal changes, and intensity-based biosensor measurements require careful interpretation and several control experiments. These problems can be overcome by using lanthanide [Tb(III) or Eu(III)] complexes as donors and green fluorescent protein (GFP) or other conventional fluorophores as acceptors. Essential features of this approach are the long-lifetime (approximately milliseconds) luminescence of Tb(III) complexes and time-gated luminescence microscopy. This allows pulsed excitation, followed by a brief delay, which eliminates nonspecific fluorescence before the detection of Tb(III)-to-GFP emission. The challenges of intracellular delivery, selective protein labeling, and time-gated imaging of lanthanide luminescence are presented, and recent efforts to investigate the cellular uptake of lanthanide probes are reviewed. Data are presented showing that conjugation to arginine-rich, cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) can be used as a general strategy for the cellular delivery of membrane-impermeable lanthanide complexes. A heterodimer of a luminescent Tb(III) complex, Lumi4, linked to trimethoprim and conjugated to nonaarginine via a reducible disulfide linker rapidly (∼10 min) translocates into the cytoplasm of Maden Darby canine kidney cells from the culture medium. With this reagent, the intracellular interaction between GFP fused to FK506 binding protein 12 (GFP-FKBP12) and the rapamycin binding domain of mTOR fused to Escherichia coli dihydrofolate reductase (FRB-eDHFR) were imaged at high signal-to-noise ratio with fast (1-3 s) image acquisition using a time-gated luminescence microscope. The data reviewed and presented here show that lanthanide biosensors enable fast, sensitive, and technically simple imaging of protein-protein interactions in live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Rajendran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60607
| | - Engin Yapici
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60607
| | - Lawrence W. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60607
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37
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Molecular imaging of EGFR/HER2 cancer biomarkers by protein MRI contrast agents. J Biol Inorg Chem 2013; 19:259-70. [PMID: 24366655 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-013-1076-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and HER2 are major prognosis biomarkers and drug targets overexpressed in various types of cancer cells. There is a pressing need to develop MRI contrast agents capable of enhancing the contrast between normal tissues and tumors with high relaxivity, capable of targeting tumors, and with high intratumoral distribution and minimal toxicity. In this review, we first discuss EGFR signaling and its role in tumor progression as a major drug target. We then report our progress in the development of protein contrast agents with significant improvement of both r1 and r2 relaxivities, pharmacokinetics, in vivo retention time, and in vivo dose efficiency. Finally, we report our effort in the development of EGFR-targeted protein contrast agents with the capability to cross the endothelial boundary and with good tissue distribution across the entire tumor mass. The noninvasive capability of MRI to visualize spatially and temporally the intratumoral distribution as well as quantify the levels of EGFR and HER2 would greatly improve our ability to track changes of the biomarkers during tumor progression, monitor treatment efficacy, aid in patient selection, and further develop novel targeted therapies for clinical application.
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38
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Matosziuk LM, Leibowitz JH, Heffern MC, MacRenaris KW, Ratner MA, Meade TJ. Structural optimization of Zn(II)-activated magnetic resonance imaging probes. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:12250-61. [PMID: 23777423 PMCID: PMC3805786 DOI: 10.1021/ic400681j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We report the structural optimization and mechanistic investigation of a series of bioactivated magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents that transform from low relaxivity to high relaxivity in the presence of Zn(II). The change in relaxivity results from a structural transformation of the complex that alters the coordination environment about the Gd(III) center. Here, we have performed a series of systematic modifications to determine the structure that provides the optimal change in relaxivity in response to the presence of Zn(II). Relaxivity measurements in the presence and absence of Zn(II) were used in conjunction with measurements regarding water access (namely, number of water molecules bound) to the Gd(III) center and temperature-dependent (13)C NMR spectroscopy to determine how the coordination environment about the Gd(III) center is affected by the distance between the Zn(II)-binding domain and the Gd(III) chelate, the number of functional groups on the Zn(II)-binding domain, and the presence of Zn(II). The results of this study provide valuable insight into the design principles for future bioactivated magnetic resonance probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M. Matosziuk
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Radiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
| | - Jonathan H. Leibowitz
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Radiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
| | - Marie C. Heffern
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Radiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
| | - Keith W. MacRenaris
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Radiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
| | - Mark A. Ratner
- Department of Chemistry, and Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
| | - Thomas J. Meade
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Radiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
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39
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Stasiuk GJ, Long NJ. The ubiquitous DOTA and its derivatives: the impact of 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid on biomedical imaging. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:2732-46. [PMID: 23392443 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc38507h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Over the last twenty-five years 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) has made a significant impact on the field of diagnostic imaging. DOTA is not the only metal chelate in use in medical diagnostics, but it is the only one to significantly impact on all of the major imaging modalities Magnetic Resonance (MR), Positron Emission Tomography (PET), Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT), and Fluorescence imaging. This crossover of modalities has been possible due to the versatility of DOTA firstly, to complex a variety of metal ions and secondly, the ease with which it can be modified for different disease states. This has driven research over the last two decades into the chemistry of DOTA and the modification of the substituent pendant arms of this macrocycle to create functional, targeted and dual-modal imaging agents. The primary use of DOTA has been with the lanthanide series of metals, gadolinium for MRI, europium and terbium for fluorescence and neodymium for near infra-red imaging. There are now many research groups dedicated to the use of lanthanides with DOTA although other chelates such as DTPA and NOTA are being increasingly employed. The ease with which DOTA can be conjugated to peptides has given rise to targeted imaging agents seen in the PET, SPECT and radiotherapy fields. These modalities use a variety of radiometals that complex with DOTA, e.g.(64)Cu and (68)Ga which are used in clinical PET scans, (111)In, and (90)Y for SPECT and radiotherapy. In this article, we will demonstrate the remarkable versatility of DOTA, how it has crossed the imaging modality boundaries and how it has been successfully transferred into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme J Stasiuk
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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40
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Hung AH, Duch MC, Parigi G, Rotz MW, Manus LM, Mastarone DJ, Dam KT, Gits CC, MacRenaris KW, Luchinat C, Hersam MC, Meade TJ. Mechanisms of Gadographene-Mediated Proton Spin Relaxation. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2013; 117:10.1021/jp406909b. [PMID: 24298299 PMCID: PMC3843495 DOI: 10.1021/jp406909b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Gd(III) associated with carbon nanomaterials relaxes water proton spins at an effectiveness that approaches or exceeds the theoretical limit for a single bound water molecule. These Gd(III)-labeled materials represent a potential breakthrough in sensitivity for Gd(III)-based contrast agents used for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, their mechanism of action remains unclear. A gadographene library encompassing GdCl3, two different Gd(III)-complexes, graphene oxide (GO), and graphene suspended by two different surfactants and subjected to varying degrees of sonication was prepared and characterized for their relaxometric properties. Gadographene was found to perform comparably to other Gd(III)-carbon nanomaterials; its longitudinal (r1) and transverse (r2) relaxivity is modulated between 12-85 mM-1s-1 and 24-115 mM-1s-1, respectively, depending on the Gd(III)-carbon backbone combination. The unusually large relaxivity and its variance can be understood under the modified Florence model incorporating the Lipari-Szabo approach. Changes in hydration number (q), water residence time (τM), molecular tumbling rate (τR), and local motion (τfast) sufficiently explain most of the measured relaxivities. Furthermore, results implicated the coupling between graphene and Gd(III) as a minor contributor to proton spin relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy H. Hung
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Radiology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Matthew C. Duch
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3108, United States
| | - Giacomo Parigi
- CERM and Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, via L. Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Florence, Italy
| | - Matthew W. Rotz
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Radiology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Lisa M. Manus
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Radiology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Daniel J. Mastarone
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Radiology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Kevin T. Dam
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Radiology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Colton C. Gits
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3108, United States
| | - Keith W. MacRenaris
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Radiology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Claudio Luchinat
- CERM and Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, via L. Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Florence, Italy
| | - Mark C. Hersam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3108, United States
| | - Thomas J. Meade
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Radiology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
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41
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Chen Z, Cornish VW, Min W. Chemical tags: inspiration for advanced imaging techniques. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2013; 17:637-43. [PMID: 23769339 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2013.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes recent applications of chemical tags in conjunction with advanced bio-imaging techniques including single-molecule fluorescence, spatiotemporally resolved ensemble microscopy techniques, and imaging modalities beyond fluorescence. We aim to illustrate the unique advantages of chemical tags in facilitating contemporary microscopy to address biological problems that are difficult or near impossible to approach otherwise. We hope our review will inspire more innovative applications enabled by the mingling of these two growing fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixing Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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42
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Irure A, Marradi M, Arnáiz B, Genicio N, Padro D, Penadés S. Sugar/gadolinium-loaded gold nanoparticles for labelling and imaging cells by magnetic resonance imaging. Biomater Sci 2013; 1:658-668. [PMID: 32481838 DOI: 10.1039/c3bm60032g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Targeted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) probes for selective cell labelling and tracking are highly desired. We here present biocompatible sugar-coated paramagnetic Gd-based gold nanoparticles (Gd-GNPs) and test them as MRI T1 reporters in different cellular lines at a high magnetic field (11.7 T). With an average number of 20 Gd atoms per nanoparticle, Gd-GNPs show relaxivity values r1 ranging from 7 to 18 mM-1 s-1 at 1.41 T. The multivalent presentation of carbohydrates on the Gd-GNPs enhances the avidity of sugars for carbohydrate-binding receptors at the cell surface and increases the local concentration of the probes. A large reduction in longitudinal relaxation times T1 is achieved with both fixed cells and live cells. Differences in cellular labelling are obtained by changing the type of sugar on the gold surface, indicating that simple monosaccharides and disaccharides are able to modulate the cellular uptake. These results stress the benefits of using sugars to produce nanoparticles for cellular labelling. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report on labelling and imaging cells with Gd-based gold nanoparticles which use simple sugars as receptor reporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainhoa Irure
- Laboratory of Glyconanotechnology, Biofunctional Nanomaterials Unit, CIC biomaGUNE, P° Miramón 182, 20009 San Sebastián, Spain.
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43
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Polasek M, Caravan P. Is macrocycle a synonym for kinetic inertness in Gd(III) Complexes? Effect of coordinating and noncoordinating substituents on inertness and relaxivity of Gd(III) chelates with DO3A-like ligands. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:4084-96. [PMID: 23517079 PMCID: PMC3640422 DOI: 10.1021/ic400227k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Gadolinium chelates with octadentate ligands are widely used as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), with macrocyclic ligands based on DO3A being preferred for the high kinetic inertness of their Gd chelates. A major challenge in the design of new bifunctional MRI probes is the need to control the rotational motion of the chelate, which greatly affects its relaxivity. In this work we explored facile alkylation of a secondary amine in macrocyclic DO3A-like ligands to create a short, achiral linkage to limit the undesired internal motion of chelates within larger molecular constructs. The acetate moiety on the trans nitrogen was also replaced with either a bidentate (ethoxyacetate, L1 or methyl picolinate, L2) or bulky monodentate (methyl phosphonate, L3) donor arm to give octa- or heptadentate ligands, respectively. The resultant Gd(III) complexes were all monohydrated (q = 1) and exhibited water residency times that spanned 2 orders of magnitude (τM = 2190 ± 170, 3500 ± 90, and 12.7 ± 3.8 ns at 37 °C for GdL1, GdL2, and GdL3, respectively). Alkylation of the secondary amine with a noncoordinating biphenyl moiety resulted in coordinatively saturated q = 0 complexes of octadentate ligands L1 and L2. Relaxivities were limited by slow water exchange and/or lack of water coligand. All complexes showed decreased inertness compared to [Gd(DO3A)] despite higher ligand denticity, and inertness was further decreased upon N-alkylation. These results demonstrate that high kinetic inertness and in vivo safety of Gd chelates with macrocyclic ligands should not be generalized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miloslav Polasek
- The Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 Thirteenth Street, Suite 2301, Charlestown, MA 02129
| | - Peter Caravan
- The Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 Thirteenth Street, Suite 2301, Charlestown, MA 02129
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44
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Application of HaloTag technology to expression and purification of cannabinoid receptor CB2. Protein Expr Purif 2013; 89:62-72. [PMID: 23470778 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2013.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Expression of milligram quantities of functional, stable G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) for high-resolution structural studies remains a challenging task. The goal of this work was to evaluate the usefulness of the HaloTag system (Promega) for expression and purification of the human cannabinoid receptor CB(2), an important target for development of drugs for treatment of immune disorders, inflammation, and pain. Here we investigated expression in Escherichia coli cells of the integral membrane receptor CB(2) as a fusion with the 34 kDa HaloTag at N- or C-terminal location, either in the presence or in the absence of the N-terminal maltose-binding protein (MBP). The CB(2) was flanked at both ends by the tobacco etch virus (TEV) protease cleavage sites to allow for subsequent removal of expression partners. Expression by induction with either IPTG (in E. coli BL21(DE3) cell cultures) or by auto-induction (in E. coli KRX cells) were compared. While the N-terminal location of the HaloTag resulted in high levels of expression of the fusion CB(2), the recombinant receptor was not functional. However, when the HaloTag was placed in the C-terminal location, a fully active receptor was produced irrespective of induction method or bacterial strain used. For purification, the fusion protein was captured onto HaloLink resin in the presence of detergents. Treatment with specific TEV protease released the CB(2) upon washing. To our knowledge, this study represents the first example of expression, surface immobilization and purification of a functional GPCR using HaloTag technology.
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45
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Su H, Wu C, Zhu J, Miao T, Wang D, Xia C, Zhao X, Gong Q, Song B, Ai H. Rigid Mn(II) chelate as efficient MRI contrast agent for vascular imaging. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:14480-3. [PMID: 23108333 DOI: 10.1039/c2dt31696j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The aza-semi-crown pentadentate ligand rigidified by pyridine and piperidine rings was designed and synthesized. It can react with Mn(II) in water to form complex with improved longitudinal relaxivity, leading to efficient signal intensity enhancement of vascular vessels under a clinical magnetic resonance imaging scanner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Su
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
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46
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Urh M, Rosenberg M. HaloTag, a Platform Technology for Protein Analysis. CURRENT CHEMICAL GENOMICS 2012; 6:72-8. [PMID: 23213345 PMCID: PMC3480824 DOI: 10.2174/1875397301206010072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Revised: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Understanding protein function and interaction is central to the elucidation of biological processes. Systematic analysis of protein interactions have shown that the eukaryotic proteome is highly interconnected and that biological function frequently depends on the orchestrated action of many proteins. Perturbation of these functions or interactions can lead to various disease states and pharmacologic intervention can result in corrective therapies. The fact that proteins rarely act in isolation, but rather comprise complex machines that stably and/or transiently interact with many different partners at different times, demands the need for robust tools that allow comprehensive global analyses of these events. Here we describe a powerful protein fusion technology, the HaloTag platform, and how it enables the study of many facets of protein biology by offering a broad choice of applications. We review the development of the key aspects of the technology and it's performance in both in vitro and in vivo applications. In particular, we focus on HaloTag's multifunctional utility in protein imaging, protein isolation and display, and in the study of protein complexes and interactions. We demonstrate it's potential to help elucidate important facets of proteomic biology across complex biological systems at the biochemical, cell-based and whole animal level.
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47
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Liu CH, Yang J, Ren JQ, Liu CM, You Z, Liu PK. MRI reveals differential effects of amphetamine exposure on neuroglia in vivo. FASEB J 2012; 27:712-24. [PMID: 23150521 DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-220061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
How amphetamine affects the neuroglia in living brains is not well understood. In an effort to elucidate this effect, we investigated neuroglia in response to amphetamine exposure using antisense (AS) or sense (S) phosphorothioate-modified oligodeoxynucleotide (sODN) sequences that correspond to glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) mRNA (AS-gfap or S-gfap, respectively) expression. The control is a random-sequence sODN (Ran). Using cyanine 5.5-superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (Cy5.5-SPION) labeling and fluorescent microscopy, we demonstrated that living neural progenitor cells (PC-12.1), as well as the cells in fresh brain slices and intact brains of male C57BL6 mice, exhibited universal uptake of all of the sODNs but rapidly excluded all sODN-Ran and most S-gfap. Moreover, transmission electron microscopy revealed electron-dense nanoparticles only in the neuroglia of normal or transgenic mice [B6;DBA-Tg(Fos-tTA, Fos-EGFP*)1MmayTg(tetO-lacZ,tTA*)1Mmay/J] that had been administered AS-gfap or Cy5.5-SPION-gfap. Subtraction R2* maps from mice with acute and chronic amphetamine exposure demonstrated, validated by postmortem immunohistochemistry, a reduction in striatal neuroglia, with gliogenesis in the subventricular zone and the somatosensory cortex in vivo. The sensitivity of our unique gene transcript targeted MRI was illustrated by a positive linear correlation (r(2)=1.0) between in vivo MRI signal changes and GFAP mRNA copy numbers determined by ex vivo quantitative RT-PCR. The study provides direct evidence for targeting neuroglia by antisense DNA-based SPION-gfap that enables in vivo MRI of inaccessible tissue with PCR sensitivity. The results enable us to conclude that amphetamine induces toxicity to neuroglia in vivo, which may cause remodeling or reconnectivity of neuroglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina H Liu
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
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48
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Bartelle BB, Szulc KU, Suero-Abreu GA, Rodriguez JJ, Turnbull DH. Divalent metal transporter, DMT1: a novel MRI reporter protein. Magn Reson Med 2012; 70:842-50. [PMID: 23065715 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.24509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Revised: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn)-enhanced MRI (MEMRI) has found a growing number of applications in anatomical and functional imaging in small animals, based on the cellular uptake of Mn ions in the brain, heart, and other organs. Previous studies have relied on endogenous mechanisms of paramagnetic Mn ion uptake and enhancement. To genetically control MEMRI signals, we reverse engineered a major component of the molecular machinery involved in Mn uptake, the divalent metal transporter, DMT1. DMT1 provides positive cellular enhancement in a manner that is highly sensitive and dynamic, allowing greater spatial and temporal resolution for MRI compared to previously proposed MRI reporters such as ferritin. We characterized the MEMRI signal enhancement properties of DMT1-expressing cells, both in vitro and in vivo in mouse models of cancer and brain development. Our results show that DMT1 provides an effective genetic MRI reporter for a wide range of biological and preclinical imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin B Bartelle
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA; Molecular Biophysics Graduate Program, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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49
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Encell LP, Friedman Ohana R, Zimmerman K, Otto P, Vidugiris G, Wood MG, Los GV, McDougall MG, Zimprich C, Karassina N, Learish RD, Hurst R, Hartnett J, Wheeler S, Stecha P, English J, Zhao K, Mendez J, Benink HA, Murphy N, Daniels DL, Slater MR, Urh M, Darzins A, Klaubert DH, Bulleit RF, Wood KV. Development of a dehalogenase-based protein fusion tag capable of rapid, selective and covalent attachment to customizable ligands. CURRENT CHEMICAL GENOMICS 2012; 6:55-71. [PMID: 23248739 PMCID: PMC3520037 DOI: 10.2174/1875397301206010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Revised: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Our fundamental understanding of proteins and their biological significance has been enhanced by genetic fusion tags, as they provide a convenient method for introducing unique properties to proteins so that they can be examinedin isolation. Commonly used tags satisfy many of the requirements for applications relating to the detection and isolation of proteins from complex samples. However, their utility at low concentration becomes compromised if the binding affinity for a detection or capture reagent is not adequate to produce a stable interaction. Here, we describe HaloTag® (HT7), a genetic fusion tag based on a modified haloalkane dehalogenase designed and engineered to overcome the limitation of affinity tags by forming a high affinity, covalent attachment to a binding ligand. HT7 and its ligand have additional desirable features. The tag is relatively small, monomeric, and structurally compatible with fusion partners, while the ligand is specific, chemically simple, and amenable to modular synthetic design. Taken together, the design features and molecular evolution of HT7 have resulted in a superior alternative to common tags for the overexpression, detection, and isolation of target proteins.
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50
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Shinoda S. Dynamic cyclen-metal complexes for molecular sensing and chirality signaling. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 42:1825-35. [PMID: 23034678 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35295h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Structural dynamism plays important roles in artificial and biological systems, because it controls structures and functions of various molecules and assemblies. In this review, molecular recognition and self-assembling behavior of dynamic armed cyclen-metal complexes are discussed at the molecular and supramolecular levels. These metal complexes provide useful platforms for molecular receptors, supramolecules, and molecular assemblies that can respond rapidly to guest molecules and environments. Since armed cyclens have many structural and geometrical variations, they form a wide variety of metal complexes having specific sensing and signaling functions. The Lewis acidity of the metal cations plays an essential role in anion binding and in hydrolytic catalysis of phosphate esters. Characteristic luminescence and magnetic properties of lanthanides also enable techniques for effective bio-imaging. They also serve as chiral building blocks for self-assembled architectures, which offer chirality integration effective for chirality sensing and signaling at the supramolecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Shinoda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan.
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