1
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Ie Y, Okamoto Y, Inoue T, Seo T, Ohto T, Yamada R, Tada H, Aso Y. Improving Intramolecular Hopping Charge Transport via Periodical Segmentation of π-Conjugation in a Molecule. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:599-603. [PMID: 33350820 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c10560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The development of several-nanometer-scale π-conjugated systems for efficient intramolecular hopping charge transport remains a significant challenge. To construct localized electronic structures at the same energy in a molecule, a series of oligothiophenes, with lengths up to 10 nm and periodically twisted structures, was synthesized. Single-molecule conductance measurements of the twisted molecules revealed resistances lower than those of planar oligothiophenes. This study provides a rational molecular design to improve the intramolecular hopping charge transport in materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Ie
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Yuji Okamoto
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Takuya Inoue
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Takuji Seo
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Ohto
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Ryo Yamada
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tada
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Yoshio Aso
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
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2
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Li X, Ai S, Huang Y, Huang C, Yu W, Mao Z. Fast and reversible adsorption for dibenzothiophene in fuel oils with metallic nano-copper supported on mesoporous silica. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:2741-2752. [PMID: 32892283 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10715-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dibenzothiophene (DBT) in fuel oils causes the release of toxic sulfur oxide gases, and it is necessary to remove DBT in fuels. Herein, metallic copper was loaded on SBA-15 mesoporous silica through simple reduction reactions for the preparation of DBT adsorbents. On an adsorbent with a copper loading of 0.3 wt%, adsorption equilibrium was achieved within 5 min, and a DBT removal rate of 90.4% was achieved. The adsorption isotherm agreed with a linear Freundlich model and adsorption capacity was 12.1 mg sulfur/g. Nano-sized copper particles were observed by TEM, indicating the size effect of copper particles in DBT adsorption. A broad band, corresponding to copper-sulfur coordination bonds, was observed at 300-600 cm-1 in the Raman spectrum of DBT-doped adsorbent. Meanwhile, the band at 1233 cm-1 corresponding to C = C (-S) bonds in DBT was shifted to 1229 cm-1 in DBT adsorbed. XPS and Cu LMM XPS spectra proved that Cu(0) was oxidized by DBT sulfur during adsorption. Furthermore, Auger spectra verified that the adsorption of DBT on Cu(0) involved the formation of Cu(I) and Cu(II) species through coordination bonds. The adsorption capacity could be completely recovered via elution. This work sheds light on the removal of DBT in fuel oils with cost-effective efficient adsorbents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinsheng Li
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, City, Liuzhou, 545006, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian City, 116023, China
| | - Shuo Ai
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, City, Liuzhou, 545006, China.
| | - Yongchun Huang
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, City, Liuzhou, 545006, China
| | - Chengdu Huang
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, City, Liuzhou, 545006, China
| | - Wanguo Yu
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, City, Liuzhou, 545006, China
| | - Zhijuan Mao
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, City, Liuzhou, 545006, China
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3
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Hayashi H, Barker JE, Cárdenas Valdivia A, Kishi R, MacMillan SN, Gómez-García CJ, Miyauchi H, Nakamura Y, Nakano M, Kato SI, Haley MM, Casado J. Monoradicals and Diradicals of Dibenzofluoreno[3,2- b]fluorene Isomers: Mechanisms of Electronic Delocalization. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:20444-20455. [PMID: 33206516 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of a series of dibenzo- and tetrabenzo-fused fluoreno[3,2-b]fluorenes is disclosed, and the diradicaloid properties of these molecules are compared with those of a similar, previously reported series of anthracene-based diradicaloids. Insights on the diradical mode of delocalization tuning by constitutional isomerism of the external naphthalenes has been explored by means of the physical approach (dissection of the electronic properties in terms of electronic repulsion and transfer integral) of diradicals. This study has also been extended to the redox species of the two series of compounds and found that the radical cations have the same stabilization mode by delocalization that the neutral diradicals while the radical anions, contrarily, are stabilized by aromatization of the central core. The synthesis of the fluorenofluorene series and their characterization by electronic absorption and vibrational Raman spectroscopies, X-ray diffraction, SQUID measurements, electrochemistry, in situ UV-vis-NIR absorption spectroelectrochemistry, and theoretical calculations are presented. This work attempts to unify the properties of different series of diradicaloids in a common argument as well as the properties of the carbocations and carbanions derived from them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Hayashi
- Department of Materials Science, School of Engineering, The University of Shiga Prefecture, 2500 Hassaka-cho, Hikone, Shiga 522-8533, Japan
| | - Joshua E Barker
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
| | - Abel Cárdenas Valdivia
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Malaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Malaga 29071, Spain
| | - Ryohei Kishi
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
- Quantum Information and Quantum Biology Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Samantha N MacMillan
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Carlos J Gómez-García
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, Paterna 46980, Spain
| | - Hidenori Miyauchi
- Division of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Yosuke Nakamura
- Division of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Nakano
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
- Center for Spintronics Research Network, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
- Quantum Information and Quantum Biology Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Kato
- Department of Materials Science, School of Engineering, The University of Shiga Prefecture, 2500 Hassaka-cho, Hikone, Shiga 522-8533, Japan
| | - Michael M Haley
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
| | - Juan Casado
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Malaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Malaga 29071, Spain
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4
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Yang K, Zhang X, Harbuzaru A, Wang L, Wang Y, Koh C, Guo H, Shi Y, Chen J, Sun H, Feng K, Ruiz Delgado MC, Woo HY, Ortiz RP, Guo X. Stable Organic Diradicals Based on Fused Quinoidal Oligothiophene Imides with High Electrical Conductivity. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:4329-4340. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b12683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xianhe Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Alexandra Harbuzaru
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga 29071, Spain
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Changwoo Koh
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yongqiang Shi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Jianhua Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Huiliang Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Kui Feng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - M. Carmen Ruiz Delgado
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga 29071, Spain
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Rocio Ponce Ortiz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga 29071, Spain
| | - Xugang Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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5
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Xue G, Hu X, Chen H, Ge L, Wang W, Xiong J, Miao F, Zheng Y. Understanding the nature of quinoidal and zwitterionic states in carbazole-based diradicals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:5143-5146. [PMID: 32255106 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc01948h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Systematic studies of quinoidal and zwitterionic resonance patterns in diradicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Xue
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC)
- Chengdu 610054
- P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays
| | - Xiaoguang Hu
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC)
- Chengdu 610054
- P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
| | - Hanjiao Chen
- Analytical & Testing Center
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Lingbing Ge
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC)
- Chengdu 610054
- P. R. China
| | - Wenxiang Wang
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC)
- Chengdu 610054
- P. R. China
| | - Jingyuan Xiong
- West China School of Public Health and Health Food Evaluation Research Center
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610041
- P. R. China
| | - Fang Miao
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC)
- Chengdu 610054
- P. R. China
| | - Yonghao Zheng
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC)
- Chengdu 610054
- P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays
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6
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Rotthowe N, Zwicker J, Winter RF. Influence of Quinoidal Distortion on the Electronic Properties of Oxidized Divinylarylene-Bridged Diruthenium Complexes. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nils Rotthowe
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, D-78453 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Jakob Zwicker
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, D-78453 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Rainer F. Winter
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, D-78453 Konstanz, Germany
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7
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Yuan D, Medina Rivero S, Mayorga Burrezo P, Ren L, Sandoval-Salinas ME, Grabowski SJ, Casanova D, Zhu X, Casado J. Thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione Oligothiophenes Have Two Crossed Paths for Electron Delocalization. Chemistry 2018; 24:13523-13534. [PMID: 29873847 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A new series of electron-deficient oligothiophenes, thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione oligothiophenes (OTPDn ), from the monomer to hexamer, is reported. The optical and structural properties in the neutral states have been analyzed by absorption and emission spectroscopy together with vibrational Raman spectroscopy. In their reduced forms, these molecules could stabilize both anions and dianions in similar ways. For the dianions, two independent modes of electron conjugation of the charge excess were observed: the interdione path and the interthiophene path. The interference of these two paths highlighted the existence of a singlet diradical ground electronic state and the appearance of low-energy, thermally accessible triplet states. These results provide valuable insights into the device performance of TPD-based materials and for the rational design of new high-performance organic semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafei Yuan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Samara Medina Rivero
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga, 29071, Spain
| | - Paula Mayorga Burrezo
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga, 29071, Spain
| | - Longbin Ren
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - María E Sandoval-Salinas
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física, Institut de Química Teòrica i Computational (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, Barcelona, 08028, Spain.,Kimika Facultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, Donostia, 20018, Spain
| | - Sławomir J Grabowski
- Kimika Facultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, Donostia, 20018, Spain
| | - David Casanova
- Kimika Facultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, Donostia, 20018, Spain
| | - Xiaozhang Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Juan Casado
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga, 29071, Spain
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8
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Tsutsui Y, Okamoto H, Sakamaki D, Sugiyasu K, Takeuchi M, Seki S. Landscape of Charge Carrier Transport in Doped Poly(3-hexylthiophene): Noncontact Approach Using Ternary Combined Dielectric, Paramagnetic, and Optical Spectroscopies. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:3639-3645. [PMID: 29911867 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b01465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report on a comprehensive measurement system for mobility and energy states of charge carriers in matter under dynamic chemical doping. The temporal evolution of the iodine doping process of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) was monitored directly through electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and optical absorption spectroscopy, as well as differential electrical conductivity by the microwave conductivity measurement. The increase in conductivity was observed after the EPR intensity reached a maximum and declined thereafter, and the conductivity finally reached ∼80 S cm-1. The carrier species changed from a paramagnetic polaron with an estimated mobility of μP+ ≈ 2 × 10-3 cm2 V-1 s-1 to an antiferromagnetic polaron pair with μPP+ ≈ 0.6 cm2 V-1 s-1. The technique presented here can be a ubiquitous method for rapid and direct observation of charge carrier mobility and energy states in p-type semiconducting materials as a completely noncontact, experimental, and quantitative technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Tsutsui
- Department of Molecular Engineering , Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University , Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510 , Japan
| | - Haruka Okamoto
- Department of Molecular Engineering , Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University , Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510 , Japan
| | - Daisuke Sakamaki
- Department of Molecular Engineering , Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University , Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510 , Japan
| | - Kazunori Sugiyasu
- Molecular Design & Function Group , National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) , 1-2-1 Sengen , Tsukuba 305-0047 , Japan
| | - Masayuki Takeuchi
- Molecular Design & Function Group , National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) , 1-2-1 Sengen , Tsukuba 305-0047 , Japan
| | - Shu Seki
- Department of Molecular Engineering , Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University , Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510 , Japan
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9
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Medina Rivero S, Mayorga Burrezo P, Sandoval-Salinas ME, Li T, Ramírez FJ, Casanova D, Wang X, Casado J. Isomerism, Diradical Signature, and Raman Spectroscopy: Underlying Connections in Diamino Oligophenyl Dications. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:1465-1470. [PMID: 29570949 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201800085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A diradical dication of a 4,4'-di(bis(1,4-methylphenyl)amino)-p-terphenyl oligomer has been characterized in solid-state by Raman spectroscopy and thermo-spectroscopy together with quantum chemical calculations. The diradical character has been evaluated on the basis of the Raman spectra and as a function of temperature. A complete understanding of the nature of the changes in solid state has been provided based on a pseudo-Jahn-Teller effect, which is feasible owing to the fine balance between quinoidal/aromatic extension among consecutive rings and steric crowding. This study contributes to the further comprehension of the molecular and electronic structures of these particular diradical molecules with strong implications on the understanding of the nature of chemical bonds in the limits of high electronic correlation or π-conjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samara Medina Rivero
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga, 29071, Spain
| | - Paula Mayorga Burrezo
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga, 29071, Spain
| | - María Eugenia Sandoval-Salinas
- 2IKERBASQUE - Basque Foundation for Science (DC) & Donostia, International Physics Center & Kimika Fakultatea Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal, 4, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Euskadi, Spain.,Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física, Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Francisco J Ramírez
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga, 29071, Spain
| | - David Casanova
- 2IKERBASQUE - Basque Foundation for Science (DC) & Donostia, International Physics Center & Kimika Fakultatea Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal, 4, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Xinping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Juan Casado
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga, 29071, Spain
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10
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11
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Mayorga Burrezo P, Domínguez R, Zafra JL, Pappenfus TM, de la Cruz P, Welte L, Janzen DE, López Navarrete JT, Langa F, Casado J. Oligomers of cyclopentadithiophene-vinylene in aromatic and quinoidal versions and redox species with intermediate forms. Chem Sci 2017; 8:8106-8114. [PMID: 29568459 PMCID: PMC5855126 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc02756g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinoidal-vs.-aromatic synergy: Cyclopentadithiophene-vinylene oligomers with different sizes, in different oxidation states and as pro-aromatic quinoidals are studied considering balanced contributions of aromatic and quinoidal forms.
A new series of π-conjugated oligomers based on the 4,4 dihexyl-4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b:3,4-b′]dithiophene vinylene repeating unit has been prepared and characterized by X-ray, electrochemical, spectroscopic (UV-Vis absorption, emission and Raman) and density functional theory methods. The oligomers in their neutral, oxidized and reduced forms have been investigated. The neutral compounds show a longer mean conjugation length than oligothiophenes and oligothiophene-vinylenes and display very rich redox chemistry with the stabilization of polycationic states of which the radical cations and dications are strong NIR absorbers, the latter displaying singlet diradicaloid character. An interesting complementarity between the sequence of aromatic-quinoidal structural segments in the radical cations and dications has been described and interpreted. Two derivatives with the 4,4 dihexyl-4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b:3,4-b′]dithiophene vinylene unit, disubstituted either with electron donor, bis(triaryl amino) groups, or acceptors bis(dicyano-methylene) caps enforcing a quinoidal structure in the dithiophene-vinylene bridge, have been also synthesized and characterized. The radical cation of the triarylamine compound and the radical anion of the tetracyano compound similarly display hole and electron charge localization, or confinement, in the nitrogen and dicyano surrounding parts, or class II mixed valence systems, while their dication and dianion species, conversely, are open-shell diradical (i.e., polaron pair) and closed-shell (i.e., bipolaron), respectively. The preparation of these new π-conjugated oligomers gives way to the realization of compounds with new electronic properties and unique structures potentially exploitable in organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Mayorga Burrezo
- Department of Physical Chemistry , University of Málaga , Campus de Teatinos s/n , Málaga , 29071 , Spain . .,Department of Molecular Nanoscience and Organic Materials , Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB)/CIBER-BBN , Campus Universitari de Bellaterra , E-08193 , Cerdanyola , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Rocío Domínguez
- University of Castilla-La Mancha , Institute of Nanoscience , Nanotechnology and Molecular Materials (INAMOL) , Campus de la Fábrica de Armas , 45071-Toledo , Spain
| | - José L Zafra
- Department of Physical Chemistry , University of Málaga , Campus de Teatinos s/n , Málaga , 29071 , Spain .
| | - Ted M Pappenfus
- Division of Science and Mathematics , University of Minnesota , Morris , Minnesota 56267 , USA
| | - Pilar de la Cruz
- University of Castilla-La Mancha , Institute of Nanoscience , Nanotechnology and Molecular Materials (INAMOL) , Campus de la Fábrica de Armas , 45071-Toledo , Spain
| | - Lorena Welte
- University of Castilla-La Mancha , Institute of Nanoscience , Nanotechnology and Molecular Materials (INAMOL) , Campus de la Fábrica de Armas , 45071-Toledo , Spain
| | - Daron E Janzen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , St. Catherine University , St. Paul , Minnesota 55105 , USA
| | - Juan T López Navarrete
- Department of Physical Chemistry , University of Málaga , Campus de Teatinos s/n , Málaga , 29071 , Spain .
| | - Fernando Langa
- University of Castilla-La Mancha , Institute of Nanoscience , Nanotechnology and Molecular Materials (INAMOL) , Campus de la Fábrica de Armas , 45071-Toledo , Spain
| | - Juan Casado
- Department of Physical Chemistry , University of Málaga , Campus de Teatinos s/n , Málaga , 29071 , Spain .
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12
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Casado J. Para-Quinodimethanes: A Unified Review of the Quinoidal-Versus-Aromatic Competition and its Implications. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2017; 375:73. [PMID: 28762218 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-017-0163-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In this article, some quinoidal p-quinodimethanes compounds that convert partially or completely to diradicals or biradicaloids are analyzed. The aromatic/quinoidal balance is revisited with the objective of providing a common interpretation for most of them. For that purpose, important structural and energetic parameters such as the bond length alternation pattern and the singlet-triplet gaps are analyzed and interpreted in the framework of double spin polarization and π-conjugation. p-Quinodimethanes based in oligothiophenes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, oligophenylenes, thienothiophenes, charged dications and cyclic conjugated molecules are discussed. There are excellent reviews in the field of singlet diradicals; however, a revision similar to that proposed here can help the reader to have another perspective on these promising new functional materials. The focus has been put on molecules which are well known by the author and another of relevance in the field. In this regard, the article finishes with a discussion of some important applications of these diradicals in organic electronics. New chemical systems based on the p-quinodimethane building blocks are waiting us around the corner, bringing us new and challenging structures and fascinating novel properties, which describe a very rich field of research in chemistry and in physics with an excellent present and a bright future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Casado
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071, Málaga, Spain.
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13
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Lin CW, Li RL, Robbennolt S, Yeung MT, Akopov G, Kaner RB. Furthering Our Understanding of the Doping Mechanism in Conjugated Polymers Using Tetraaniline. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Wei Lin
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems
Institute and ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Rebecca L. Li
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems
Institute and ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Shauna Robbennolt
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems
Institute and ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Michael T. Yeung
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems
Institute and ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Georgiy Akopov
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems
Institute and ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Richard B. Kaner
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems
Institute and ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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14
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Qi Q, Burrezo PM, Phan H, Herng TS, Gopalakrishna TY, Zeng W, Ding J, Casado J, Wu J. Ambient Stable Radical Cations, Diradicaloid π-Dimeric Dications, Closed-Shell Dications, and Diradical Dications of Methylthio-Capped Rylenes. Chemistry 2017; 23:7595-7606. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingbiao Qi
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore
| | - Paula Mayorga Burrezo
- Department of Physical Chemistry; University of Malaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n; 229071 Malaga Spain
| | - Hoa Phan
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore
| | - Tun Seng Herng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; National University of Singapore; 119260 Singapore
| | | | - Wangdong Zeng
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; National University of Singapore; 119260 Singapore
| | - Juan Casado
- Department of Physical Chemistry; University of Malaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n; 229071 Malaga Spain
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore
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15
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Burrezo PM, Lin NT, Nakabayashi K, Ohkoshi SI, Calzado EM, Boj PG, Díaz García MA, Franco C, Rovira C, Veciana J, Moos M, Lambert C, López Navarrete JT, Tsuji H, Nakamura E, Casado J. Bis(aminoaryl) Carbon-Bridged Oligo(phenylenevinylene)s Expand the Limits of Electronic Couplings. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201610921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nai-Ti Lin
- Department of Chemistry; School of Science; The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Koji Nakabayashi
- Department of Chemistry; School of Science; The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Ohkoshi
- Department of Chemistry; School of Science; The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Eva M. Calzado
- Dpto. Física, Ingeniería de Sistemas y Teoría de la Señal; Dpto. Óptica and Dpto de Física Aplicada and Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante; Universidad de Alicante; Alicante 03080 Spain
| | - Pedro G. Boj
- Dpto. Física, Ingeniería de Sistemas y Teoría de la Señal; Dpto. Óptica and Dpto de Física Aplicada and Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante; Universidad de Alicante; Alicante 03080 Spain
| | - María A. Díaz García
- Dpto. Física, Ingeniería de Sistemas y Teoría de la Señal; Dpto. Óptica and Dpto de Física Aplicada and Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante; Universidad de Alicante; Alicante 03080 Spain
| | - Carlos Franco
- Department of Molecular Nanoscience and Organic Materials; Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) and Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN); Campus de la UAB Bellaterra 08193 Spain
| | - Concepciò Rovira
- Department of Molecular Nanoscience and Organic Materials; Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) and Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN); Campus de la UAB Bellaterra 08193 Spain
| | - Jaume Veciana
- Department of Molecular Nanoscience and Organic Materials; Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) and Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN); Campus de la UAB Bellaterra 08193 Spain
| | - Michael Moos
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Christoph Lambert
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | | | - Hayato Tsuji
- Department of Chemistry; School of Science; The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- Present address: Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Kanagawa University; Kanagawa 259-1293 Japan
| | - Eiichi Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry; School of Science; The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Juan Casado
- Department of Physical Chemistry; University of Málaga; 29071 Málaga Spain
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16
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Burrezo PM, Lin NT, Nakabayashi K, Ohkoshi SI, Calzado EM, Boj PG, Díaz García MA, Franco C, Rovira C, Veciana J, Moos M, Lambert C, López Navarrete JT, Tsuji H, Nakamura E, Casado J. Bis(aminoaryl) Carbon-Bridged Oligo(phenylenevinylene)s Expand the Limits of Electronic Couplings. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:2898-2902. [PMID: 28140501 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201610921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Carbon-bridged bis(aminoaryl) oligo(para-phenylenevinylene)s have been prepared and their optical, electrochemical, and structural properties analyzed. Their radical cations are class III and class II mixed-valence systems, depending on the molecular size, and they show electronic couplings which are among the largest for the self-exchange reaction of purely organic molecules. In their dication states, the antiferromagnetic coupling is progressively tuned with size from quinoidal closed-shell to open-shell biradicals. The data prove that the electronic coupling in the radical cations and the singlet-triplet gap in the dications show similar small attenuation factors, thus allowing charge/spin transfer over rather large distances.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nai-Ti Lin
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Koji Nakabayashi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Ohkoshi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Eva M Calzado
- Dpto. Física, Ingeniería de Sistemas y Teoría de la Señal, Dpto. Óptica and Dpto de Física Aplicada and Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, 03080, Spain
| | - Pedro G Boj
- Dpto. Física, Ingeniería de Sistemas y Teoría de la Señal, Dpto. Óptica and Dpto de Física Aplicada and Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, 03080, Spain
| | - María A Díaz García
- Dpto. Física, Ingeniería de Sistemas y Teoría de la Señal, Dpto. Óptica and Dpto de Física Aplicada and Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, 03080, Spain
| | - Carlos Franco
- Department of Molecular Nanoscience and Organic Materials, Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) and Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - Concepciò Rovira
- Department of Molecular Nanoscience and Organic Materials, Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) and Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - Jaume Veciana
- Department of Molecular Nanoscience and Organic Materials, Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) and Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - Michael Moos
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Lambert
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Hayato Tsuji
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Present address: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Kanagawa, 259-1293, Japan
| | - Eiichi Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Juan Casado
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, 29071, Málaga, Spain
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17
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Mehrani S, Mulla K, Johnson MA, Merschrod S. EF, Zhao Y. Redox-dependent properties of DTF-endcapped π-oligomers. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj03473c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Solid films of electroactive π-conjugated oligomers show distinct redox behaviour from that in solution, with interesting morphological changes accompanying oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Mehrani
- Department of Chemistry
- Memorial University
- St. John's
- Canada A1B3X7
| | - Karimulla Mulla
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering
- Rice University
- Houston 77251-1892
| | | | | | - Yuming Zhao
- Department of Chemistry
- Memorial University
- St. John's
- Canada A1B3X7
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18
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Zhao C, Sakurai T, Yoneda S, Seki S, Sugimoto M, Oki C, Takeuchi M, Sugiyasu K. Stabilization of Charge Carriers in Picket-Fence Polythiophenes Using Dielectric Side Chains. Chem Asian J 2016; 11:2284-90. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201600738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Zhao
- Molecular Design & Function Group; National Institute for Materials Science; 1-2-1 Sengen Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0047 Japan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences; University of Tsukuba; 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8577 Japan
| | - Tsuneaki Sakurai
- Department of Molecular Engineering; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Satoru Yoneda
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Osaka University; 2-1 Yamadaoka Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Shu Seki
- Department of Molecular Engineering; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Manabu Sugimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry; Graduate School of Science and Technology; Kumamoto University; 2-39-1 Kurokami Chuo-ku Kumamoto 860-8555 Japan
| | - Choji Oki
- Department of Bioengineering; Nagaoka University of Technology; 1603-1 Kamitomioka Nagaoka Niigata 940-2188 Japan
| | - Masayuki Takeuchi
- Molecular Design & Function Group; National Institute for Materials Science; 1-2-1 Sengen Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0047 Japan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences; University of Tsukuba; 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8577 Japan
| | - Kazunori Sugiyasu
- Molecular Design & Function Group; National Institute for Materials Science; 1-2-1 Sengen Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0047 Japan
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19
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Ie Y, Okamoto Y, Tone S, Aso Y. Synthesis, Properties, and π-Dimer Formation of Oligothiophenes Partially Bearing Orthogonally Fused Fluorene Units. Chemistry 2015; 21:16688-95. [PMID: 26407071 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A series of oligothiophenes that incorporate cyclopenta[c]thiophene-based units bearing spiro-substituted dialkylfluorene was synthesized. Photophysical measurements indicated that there was no interruption in the conjugation along the oligothiophene backbones, irrespective of the number or position of this unit. Electrochemical measurements showed that the thiophene 7-mers and 11-mer exhibit reversible multi-oxidation waves. The formation of cationic species was clearly observed from UV/Vis/NIR measurements. Furthermore, the UV/Vis/NIR spectra at 223 K under one-electron oxidation conditions revealed that the unsubstituted thiophene or bithiophene units remained in the absence of intermolecular π-π interactions, whereas the formation of π-dimeric species was observed for the thiophene 7-mer containing an unsubstituted terthiophene (U3 ) unit. Theoretical calculations indicated that the combination of the U3 unit and the all-trans conformation decreased the intermolecular steric repulsion between the fused cyclopentene ring and its facing thiophene, which may contribute to the formation of the dimeric structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Ie
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047 (Japan).
| | - Yuji Okamoto
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047 (Japan)
| | - Saori Tone
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047 (Japan)
| | - Yoshio Aso
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047 (Japan).
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20
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Wang C, Angelella M, Doyle SJ, Lytwak LA, Rossky PJ, Holliday BJ, Tauber MJ. Resonance Raman Spectroscopy of the T1 Triplet Excited State of Oligothiophenes. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:3521-3527. [PMID: 26291623 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b01410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The characterization of triplet excited states is essential for research on organic photovoltaics and singlet fission. We report resonance Raman spectra of two triplet oligothiophenes with n-alkyl substituents, a tetramer and hexamer. The spectra of the triplets are more complex than the ground state, and we find that density functional theory calculations are a useful starting point for characterizing the bands. The spectra of triplet tetrathiophene and hexathiophene differ significantly from one another. This observation is consistent with a T1 excitation that is delocalized over at least five rings in long oligomers. Bands in the 500-800 cm(-1) region are greatly diminished for an aggregated sample of hexathiophene, likely caused by fast electronic dephasing. These experiments highlight the potential of resonance Raman spectroscopy to unequivocally detect and characterize triplets in thiophene materials. The vibrational spectra can also serve as rigorous standards for evaluating computational methods for excited-state molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Maria Angelella
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Samantha J Doyle
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Lauren A Lytwak
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Peter J Rossky
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77251, United States
| | - Bradley J Holliday
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Michael J Tauber
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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21
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Casado J, Hernández V, López Navarrete JT. Vibrational Raman Shifts and Aromaticity: The Case of Oligothiophenes. CHEM REC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201500025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Casado
- Departamento de Química Física; University of Málaga; Campus de Teatinos s/n 29071 Málaga Spain
| | - Víctor Hernández
- Departamento de Química Física; University of Málaga; Campus de Teatinos s/n 29071 Málaga Spain
| | - Juan T. López Navarrete
- Departamento de Química Física; University of Málaga; Campus de Teatinos s/n 29071 Málaga Spain
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22
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Pan C, Zhao C, Takeuchi M, Sugiyasu K. Conjugated Oligomers and Polymers Sheathed with Designer Side Chains. Chem Asian J 2015; 10:1820-35. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201500452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengjun Pan
- Organic Materials Group, Polymer Materials Unit; National Institute for Materials Science; 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0047 Japan
| | - Chunhui Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences; University of Tsukuba; 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8577 Japan
| | - Masayuki Takeuchi
- Organic Materials Group, Polymer Materials Unit; National Institute for Materials Science; 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0047 Japan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences; University of Tsukuba; 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8577 Japan
| | - Kazunori Sugiyasu
- Organic Materials Group, Polymer Materials Unit; National Institute for Materials Science; 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0047 Japan
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23
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Zeng Z, Lee S, Son M, Fukuda K, Burrezo PM, Zhu X, Qi Q, Li RW, Navarrete JTL, Ding J, Casado J, Nakano M, Kim D, Wu J. Push–Pull Type Oligo(N-annulated perylene)quinodimethanes: Chain Length and Solvent-Dependent Ground States and Physical Properties. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:8572-83. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b04156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zebing Zeng
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sangsu Lee
- Spectroscopy
Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department
of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Minjung Son
- Spectroscopy
Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department
of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Kotaro Fukuda
- Department
of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Paula Mayorga Burrezo
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 229071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Xiaojian Zhu
- Key Laboratory
of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingbiao Qi
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Run-Wei Li
- Key Laboratory
of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan T. López Navarrete
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 229071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260, Singapore
| | - Juan Casado
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 229071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Masayoshi Nakano
- Department
of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy
Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department
of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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24
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Varnavski O, Abeyasinghe N, Aragó J, Serrano-Pérez JJ, Ortí E, López Navarrete JT, Takimiya K, Casanova D, Casado J, Goodson T. High Yield Ultrafast Intramolecular Singlet Exciton Fission in a Quinoidal Bithiophene. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:1375-84. [PMID: 26263138 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We report the process of singlet exciton fission with high-yield upon photoexcitation of a quinoidal thiophene molecule. Efficient ultrafast triplet photogeneration and its yield are determined by photoinduced triplet-triplet absorption, flash photolysis triplet lifetime measurements, as well as by femtosecond time-resolved transient absorption and fluorescence methods. These experiments show that optically excited quinoidal bithiophene molecule undergoes ultrafast formation of the triplet-like state with the lifetime ∼57 μs. CASPT2 and RAS-SF calculations have been performed to support the experimental findings. To date, high singlet fission rates have been reported for crystalline and polycrystalline materials, whereas for covalently linked dimers and small oligomers it was found to be relatively small. In this contribution, we show an unprecedented quantum yield of intramolecular singlet exciton fission of ∼180% for a quinoidal bithiophene system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Varnavski
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Neranga Abeyasinghe
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Juan Aragó
- ‡Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | | | - Enrique Ortí
- ‡Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | | | - Kazuo Takimiya
- ∥Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - David Casanova
- ⊥IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
- ∇Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), P.K. 1072, 20080 Donostia, Spain
- ¶Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia, Spain
| | - Juan Casado
- §Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Theodore Goodson
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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25
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Burrezo PM, Zhu X, Zhu SF, Yan Q, López Navarrete JT, Tsuji H, Nakamura E, Casado J. Planarization, fusion, and strain of carbon-bridged phenylenevinylene oligomers enhance π-electron and charge conjugation: a dissectional vibrational Raman study. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:3834-43. [PMID: 25730496 DOI: 10.1021/ja5125463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have used Raman spectroscopy to study the molecular and electronic structures of the radical cations and dications of carbon-bridged oligo(para-phenylenevinylene)s (COPVn, n = 1-6) possessing consecutive fused pentagons and hexagons, up to 19, along with COPV derivatives having electron-donating and -withdrawing groups. This study was made possible by the outstanding stability of the charged states of COPVs. We could untangle the effects of π-conjugation in the planar structure on the Raman frequency by distinguishing it from other structural effects, such as strain in the vinylene groups shared by the two pentagons. The analyses showed that the radical cations have benzo-quinoidal structures confined in the center of the molecule, as well as benzo-aromatic rings at the terminal sites. In contrast, dications of COPVn longer than n = 3 exhibit a biradicaloid character because of the recovery of aromaticity in the central rings and quinoidal rings at the terminal positions. These biradicaloids favor a singlet nature in their ground electronic states because of the double spin polarization. The introduction of electron-donating and -withdrawing groups on the termini of a COPV core affords, upon oxidation or reduction, a fully delocalized class III mixed valence system because of the high degree of conjugation of the COPV platform, which favors extensive charge delocalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Mayorga Burrezo
- †Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga 29071, Spain
| | - Xiaozhang Zhu
- ‡Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Shou-Fei Zhu
- ‡Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Qifan Yan
- ‡Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Juan T López Navarrete
- †Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga 29071, Spain
| | - Hayato Tsuji
- ‡Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan.,§JST-PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Eiichi Nakamura
- ‡Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Juan Casado
- †Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga 29071, Spain
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26
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Wang C, Jiang DY, Chen RA, Li S, George TF. Deep localized distortion of alternating bonds and reduced transport of charged carriers in conjugated polymers under photoexcitation. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:479-486. [PMID: 25407625 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr04689g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In a real bulk heterojunction polymer solar cell, after exciton separation in the heterojunction, the resulting negatively-charged carrier, a polaron, moves along the polymer chain of the acceptor, which is believed to be of significance for the charged carrier transport properties in a polymer solar cell. During the negative polaron transport, due to the external light field, the polaron, which is re-excited and induces deep localization, also forms a new local distortion of the alternating bonds. It is revealed that the excited polaron moves more slowly than the ground-state polaron. Furthermore, the velocity of the polaron moving along the polymer chain is crucially dependent on the photoexcitation. With an increase in the intensity of the optical field, the localization of the excited polaron will be deepened, with a decrease of the polaron's velocity. It is discovered that, for a charged carrier, photoexcitation is a significant factor in reducing the efficiency during the charged carrier transport in polymer solar cells. Mostly, the deep trapping effect of charged carrier in composite conjugated polymer solar cell presents an opportunity for the future application in nanoscale memory and imaging devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wang
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, P. R. China.
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27
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Zeng Z, Shi X, Chi C, López Navarrete JT, Casado J, Wu J. Pro-aromatic and anti-aromatic π-conjugated molecules: an irresistible wish to be diradicals. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:6578-96. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00051c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 423] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Pro-aromatic and anti-aromatic π-conjugated molecules are demonstrated to have an irresistible wish to be diradicals in the ground state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zebing Zeng
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
| | - Xueliang Shi
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
| | - Chunyan Chi
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
| | | | - Juan Casado
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- University of Malaga
- Spain
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering
- A*STAR
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28
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Peña Alvarez M, Mayorga Burrezo P, Kertesz M, Iwamoto T, Yamago S, Xia J, Jasti R, López Navarrete JT, Taravillo M, Baonza VG, Casado J. Properties of sizeable [n]cycloparaphenylenes as molecular models of single-wall carbon nanotubes elucidated by Raman spectroscopy: structural and electron-transfer responses under mechanical stress. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:7033-7. [PMID: 24838669 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201400719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
[n]Cycloparaphenylenes behave as molecular templates of "perfectly chemically defined" single-wall carbon nanotubes. These [n]CPP molecules have electronic, mechanical, and chemical properties in size correspondence with their giant congeners. Under mechanical stress, they form charge-transfer salts, or complexes with fullerene, by one-electron concave-convex electron transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Peña Alvarez
- MALTA-Consolider Team, Department of Physical Chemistry, Chemistry Faculty, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid (Spain)
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29
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Alvarez MP, Burrezo PM, Kertesz M, Iwamoto T, Yamago S, Xia J, Jasti R, Navarrete JTL, Taravillo M, Baonza VG, Casado J. Properties of Sizeable [n]Cycloparaphenylenes as Molecular Models of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes Elucidated by Raman Spectroscopy: Structural and Electron-Transfer Responses under Mechanical Stress. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201400719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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30
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Zafra JL, González Cano RC, Ruiz Delgado MC, Sun Z, Li Y, López Navarrete JT, Wu J, Casado J. Zethrene biradicals: How pro-aromaticity is expressed in the ground electronic state and in the lowest energy singlet, triplet, and ionic states. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:054706. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4863557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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31
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Zeng Z, Lee S, Zafra JL, Ishida M, Bao N, Webster RD, López Navarrete JT, Ding J, Casado J, Kim D, Wu J. Turning on the biradical state of tetracyano-perylene and quaterrylenequinodimethanes by incorporation of additional thiophene rings. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4sc00659c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Incorporation of additional thiophene rings to the quinoidal rylenes results in dramatic changes of their ground states and physical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zebing Zeng
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- , Singapore
| | - Sangsu Lee
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry
- Yonsei University
- Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - José L. Zafra
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- University of Malaga
- 229071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Masatoshi Ishida
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry
- Yonsei University
- Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Nina Bao
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering
- National University of Singapore
- , Singapore
| | - Richard D. Webster
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences
- Nanyang Technological University
- , Singapore
| | | | - Jun Ding
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering
- National University of Singapore
- , Singapore
| | - Juan Casado
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- University of Malaga
- 229071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry
- Yonsei University
- Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- , Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering
- A*STAR
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32
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Shi X, Burrezo PM, Lee S, Zhang W, Zheng B, Dai G, Chang J, López Navarrete JT, Huang KW, Kim D, Casado J, Chi C. Antiaromatic bisindeno-[n]thienoacenes with small singlet biradical characters: syntheses, structures and chain length dependent physical properties. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4sc01769b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiaromatic bisindeno-[n]thienoacenes with small biradical character were synthesized and showed chain length dependent ground states and physical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueliang Shi
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- , Singapore
| | - Paula Mayorga Burrezo
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- University of Malaga
- Campus de Teatinos s/n
- 229071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Sangsu Lee
- Department of Chemistry
- Yonsei University
- Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Wenhua Zhang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering
- A*STAR
- , Singapore
| | - Bin Zheng
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering and KAUST Catalysis Center
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
- Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaole Dai
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- , Singapore
| | - Jingjing Chang
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- , Singapore
| | - Juan T. López Navarrete
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- University of Malaga
- Campus de Teatinos s/n
- 229071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Kuo-Wei Huang
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering and KAUST Catalysis Center
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
- Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry
- Yonsei University
- Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Juan Casado
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- University of Malaga
- Campus de Teatinos s/n
- 229071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Chunyan Chi
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- , Singapore
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33
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Zeng Z, Lee S, Zafra JL, Ishida M, Zhu X, Sun Z, Ni Y, Webster RD, Li RW, López Navarrete JT, Chi C, Ding J, Casado J, Kim D, Wu J. Tetracyanoquaterrylene and Tetracyanohexarylenequinodimethanes with Tunable Ground States and Strong Near-Infrared Absorption. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201305348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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34
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Zeng Z, Lee S, Zafra JL, Ishida M, Zhu X, Sun Z, Ni Y, Webster RD, Li RW, López Navarrete JT, Chi C, Ding J, Casado J, Kim D, Wu J. Tetracyanoquaterrylene and Tetracyanohexarylenequinodimethanes with Tunable Ground States and Strong Near-Infrared Absorption. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:8561-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201305348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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35
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Takase M, Narita T, Fujita W, Asano MS, Nishinaga T, Benten H, Yoza K, Müllen K. Pyrrole-Fused Azacoronene Family: The Influence of Replacement with Dialkoxybenzenes on the Optical and Electronic Properties in Neutral and Oxidized States. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:8031-40. [DOI: 10.1021/ja402371f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Takase
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate
School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Narita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate
School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Wataru Fujita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate
School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Motoko S. Asano
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate
School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Tohru Nishinaga
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate
School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Benten
- Department of Polymer Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kenji Yoza
- Bruker AXS, Yokohama, Kanagawa
221-0022, Japan
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz 55128,
Germany
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36
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Zeng Z, Ishida M, Zafra JL, Zhu X, Sung YM, Bao N, Webster RD, Lee BS, Li RW, Zeng W, Li Y, Chi C, López Navarrete JT, Ding J, Casado J, Kim D, Wu J. Pushing extended p-quinodimethanes to the limit: stable tetracyano-oligo(N-annulated perylene)quinodimethanes with tunable ground states. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:6363-71. [PMID: 23560651 DOI: 10.1021/ja402467y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
p-Quinodimethane (p-QDM) is a fundamental building block for the design of π-conjugated systems with low band gap and open-shell biradical character. However, synthesis of extended p-QDMs has usually suffered from their intrinsic high reactivity and poor solubility. In this work, benzannulation together with terminal cyano-substitution was demonstrated to be an efficient approach for the synthesis of a series of soluble and stable tetracyano-oligo(N-annulated perylene)quinodimethanes nPer-CN (n = 1-6), with the longest molecule having 12 para-linked benzenoid rings! The geometry and electronic structures of these oligomers were investigated by steady-state and transient absorption spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, electron spin resonance, superconducting quantum interference device, and FT Raman spectroscopy assisted by density functional theory calculations. They showed tunable ground states, varying from a closed-shell quinoidal structure for monomer, to a singlet biradical for dimer, trimer, and tetramer, and to a triplet biradical for pentamer and hexamer. Large two-photon absorption cross-section values were observed in the near-infrared range, which also exhibited a clear chain-length dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zebing Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
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37
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Takeda N, Miller JR. Poly(3-decylthiophene) radical anions and cations in solution: single and multiple polarons and their delocalization lengths in conjugated polymers. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:14715-23. [PMID: 23157495 DOI: 10.1021/jp3096242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Optical absorption spectra of anions and cations of poly(3-decylthiophene) (P3DT) in solution were identified as single polarons. Pulse radiolysis of P3DT in THF determined the spatial extent of one negative polaron to be ~11.5 thiophene units by observing transient absorption of P3DT(-•) radical ions, which are prinicpally free ions, at 850 nm with ε = (7.25 ± 0.47) × 10(4) M(-1) cm(-1) and bleaching of the neutral absorption band at 450 nm. P3DT(-•) was formed in a combination of diffusive reactions and fast "step" processes. Similarly, a positive polaron of P3DT was estimated to delocalize over ~8.7 thiophene units by pulse radiolysis in chloroform. Chemical reduction by sodium and oxidation by FeCl(3) injected multiple charges into a single P3DT chain while showing absorption spectra in the early stages of reaction resembling those observed by pulse radiolysis. The results indicated that multiple polarons exist in a single chain of P3DT before coalescing into bipolarons or transforming into other forms of polaron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihiko Takeda
- Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
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38
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Zhu X, Tsuji H, Navarrete JTL, Casado J, Nakamura E. Carbon-bridged oligo(phenylenevinylene)s: stable π-systems with high responsiveness to doping and excitation. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:19254-9. [PMID: 23106224 DOI: 10.1021/ja309318s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The high responsiveness of π-conjugated materials to external stimuli, such as electrons and photons, accounts for both their utility in optoelectronic applications and their chemical instability. Extensive studies on heteroatom-stabilized π-conjugated systems notwithstanding, it is still difficult to combine high performance and stability. We report here that carbon-bridged oligo(p-phenylenevinylene)s (COPV-n) are not only more responsive to doping and photoexcitation but also more stable than the conventional p-phenylenevinylenes and poly(3-hexylthiophene), surviving photolysis very well in air, suggesting that they could serve as building blocks for optoelectronic applications. Activation of the ground state by installation of bond angle strain toward the doped or photoexcited state and the flat, rigid, and hindered structure endows COPVs with stimuli-responsiveness and stability without recourse to heteroatoms. For example, COPV-6 can be doped with an extremely small reorganization energy and form a bipolaron delocalized over the entire π-conjugated system. Applications to bulk and molecular optoelectronic devices are foreseen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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39
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Canesi EV, Fazzi D, Colella L, Bertarelli C, Castiglioni C. Tuning the Quinoid versus Biradicaloid Character of Thiophene-Based Heteroquaterphenoquinones by Means of Functional Groups. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:19070-83. [DOI: 10.1021/ja3072385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora V. Canesi
- Center for Nano Science and
Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Daniele Fazzi
- Center for Nano Science and
Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Letizia Colella
- Center for Nano Science and
Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali
e Ing. Chimica “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. Da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Bertarelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali
e Ing. Chimica “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. Da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Castiglioni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali
e Ing. Chimica “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. Da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
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40
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Li Y, Heng WK, Lee BS, Aratani N, Zafra JL, Bao N, Lee R, Sung YM, Sun Z, Huang KW, Webster RD, López Navarrete JT, Kim D, Osuka A, Casado J, Ding J, Wu J. Kinetically Blocked Stable Heptazethrene and Octazethrene: Closed-Shell or Open-Shell in the Ground State? J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:14913-22. [DOI: 10.1021/ja304618v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3,
117543, Singapore
| | - Wee-Kuan Heng
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3,
117543, Singapore
| | - Byung Sun Lee
- Spectroscopy
Laboratory for
Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Naoki Aratani
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate
School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku,
Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - José L. Zafra
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Malaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 229071
Malaga, Spain
| | - Nina Bao
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Richmond Lee
- Division of Chemical and Life Sciences
and Engineering and KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal
23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Young Mo Sung
- Spectroscopy
Laboratory for
Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Zhe Sun
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3,
117543, Singapore
| | - Kuo-Wei Huang
- Division of Chemical and Life Sciences
and Engineering and KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal
23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Richard D. Webster
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore
| | - Juan T. López Navarrete
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Malaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 229071
Malaga, Spain
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy
Laboratory for
Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate
School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku,
Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Juan Casado
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Malaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 229071
Malaga, Spain
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3,
117543, Singapore
- Institute
of Materials Research
and Engineering, A*Star, 3 Research Link,
Singapore, 117602
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41
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Shomura R, Sugiyasu K, Yasuda T, Sato A, Takeuchi M. Electrochemical Generation and Spectroscopic Characterization of Charge Carriers within Isolated Planar Polythiophene. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma300373n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Shomura
- Organic Materials Group, Polymer
Materials Unit, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba 305-8571,
Japan
| | - Kazunori Sugiyasu
- Organic Materials Group, Polymer
Materials Unit, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yasuda
- Photovoltaic Materials
Unit, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen,
Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Akira Sato
- Materials Analysis Station, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki,
Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Masayuki Takeuchi
- Organic Materials Group, Polymer
Materials Unit, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba 305-8571,
Japan
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42
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Casado J, Ponce Ortiz R, López Navarrete JT. Quinoidal oligothiophenes: new properties behind an unconventional electronic structure. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:5672-86. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35079c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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