1
|
Erkens M, Wenseleers W, López Carrillo MÁ, Botka B, Zahiri Z, Duque JG, Cambré S. Hyperspectral Detection of the Fluorescence Shift between Chirality-Sorted Empty and Water-Filled Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube Enantiomers. ACS Nano 2024. [PMID: 38760006 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c02226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have extraordinary electronic and optical properties that depend strongly on their exact chiral structure and their interaction with their inner and outer environment. The fluorescence (PL) of semiconducting SWCNTs, for instance, will shift depending on the molecules with which the SWCNT's hollow core is filled. These interaction-induced shifts are challenging to resolve on the ensemble level in samples containing a mixture of different filling contents due to the relatively large inhomogeneous line width of the ensemble SWCNT PL compared to the size of these shifts. To circumvent this inhomogeneous broadening, single-tube spectroscopy and hyperspectral imaging are often applied, which until now required time-consuming statistical studies. Here, we present hyperspectral PL microscopy combined with automated SWCNT segmenting based on either principal component analysis or a convolutional neural network, capable of both spatially and spectrally resolving the PL along the length of many individual SWCNTs at the same time and automatically fitting peak positions and line widths of individual SWCNTs. The methodology is demonstrated by accurately determining the emission shifts and line widths of thousands of left- and right-handed empty and water-filled SWCNTs coated with a chiral surfactant, resulting in four statistical distributions which cannot be resolved in ensemble spectroscopy of unsorted samples. The results demonstrate a robust method to quickly probe ensemble properties with single-enantiomer spectral resolution. Moreover, it promises to be an absolute quantitative method to characterize the relative abundances of SWCNTs with different handedness or filling content in macroscopic samples, simply by counting individual species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maksiem Erkens
- Nanostructured and Organic Optical and Electronic Materials (NANOrOPT), Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wim Wenseleers
- Nanostructured and Organic Optical and Electronic Materials (NANOrOPT), Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Miguel Ángel López Carrillo
- Nanostructured and Organic Optical and Electronic Materials (NANOrOPT), Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bea Botka
- Nanostructured and Organic Optical and Electronic Materials (NANOrOPT), Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Zohreh Zahiri
- Visionlab, Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Juan G Duque
- Physical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy (C-PCS), Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Sofie Cambré
- Nanostructured and Organic Optical and Electronic Materials (NANOrOPT), Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ling S, Wei X, Luo X, Li X, Li S, Xiong F, Zhou W, Xie S, Liu H. Surfactant Micelle-Driven High-Efficiency and High-Resolution Length Separation of Carbon Nanotubes for Electronic Applications. Small 2024:e2400303. [PMID: 38501842 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
High-efficiency extraction of long single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with excellent optoelectronic properties from SWCNT solution is critical for enabling their application in high-performance optoelectronic devices. Here, a straightforward and high-efficiency method is reported for length separation of SWCNTs by modulating the concentrations of binary surfactants. The results demonstrate that long SWCNTs can spontaneously precipitate for binary-surfactant but not for single-surfactant systems. This effect is attributed to the formation of compound micelles by binary surfactants that squeeze the free space of long SWCNTs due to their large excluded volumes. With this technique, it can readily separate near-pure long (≥500 nm in length, 99% in content) and short (≤500 nm in length, 98% in content) SWCNTs with separation efficiencies of 26% and 64%, respectively, exhibiting markedly greater length resolution and separation efficiency than those of previously reported methods. Thin-film transistors fabricated from extracted semiconducting SWCNTs with lengths >500 nm exhibit significantly improved electrical properties, including a 10.5-fold on-state current and 14.7-fold mobility, compared with those with lengths <500 nm. The present length separation technique is perfectly compatible with various surfactant-based methods for structure separations of SWCNTs and is significant for fabrication of high-performance electronic and optoelectronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Ling
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Department of Optoelectronic, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, Fujian, 361024, China
| | - Xiaojun Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Department of Physics and Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing, 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Xin Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Department of Physics and Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Shilong Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Feibing Xiong
- Department of Optoelectronic, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, Fujian, 361024, China
| | - Weiya Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Department of Physics and Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing, 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Sishen Xie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Department of Physics and Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing, 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Huaping Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Department of Physics and Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing, 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Soto Beobide A, Bieri R, Szakács Z, Sparwasser K, Kaitsa IG, Georgiopoulos I, Andrikopoulos KS, Van Kerckhove G, Voyiatzis GA. Raman Spectroscopy Unfolds the Fate and Transformation of SWCNTs after Abrasive Wear of Epoxy Floor Coatings. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2024; 14:120. [PMID: 38202575 PMCID: PMC10780583 DOI: 10.3390/nano14010120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Nanomaterials are integrated within consumer products to enhance specific properties of interest. Their release throughout the lifecycle of nano-enabled products raises concerns; specifically, mechanical strains can lead to the generation of fragmented materials containing nanomaterials. We investigated the potential release of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs-brand TUBALL™) from epoxy composite materials. A pin-on-disk-type tribometer was used for the accelerated mechanical aging of the nanocomposites. A pristine nanocomposite material, abraded material and debris obtained from the abrasion in the tribometer were analyzed by Raman spectroscopy. The airborne-produced particles were captured using particle collectors. Stat Peel's Identifier C2 system was used to monitor the SWCNT content of respirable particles produced during the abrasion test. The SWCNT amounts found were below the LoQ. The Raman spectra conducted on the Stat Peel filters helped identify the presence of free SWCNTs released from the epoxy matrix, although they were notably scarce. Raman spectroscopy has been proved to be a crucial technique for the identification, characterization and assessment of structural changes and degradation in SWCNTs that occurred during the abrasion experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amaia Soto Beobide
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Stadiou Str., 265 04 Rio-Patras, Greece; (K.S.A.); (G.A.V.)
| | - Rudolf Bieri
- Stat Peel Ltd., Stampfgasse 4, CH-8750 Glarus, Switzerland; (R.B.); (Z.S.)
| | - Zoltán Szakács
- Stat Peel Ltd., Stampfgasse 4, CH-8750 Glarus, Switzerland; (R.B.); (Z.S.)
| | - Kevin Sparwasser
- Stat Peel Ltd., Stampfgasse 4, CH-8750 Glarus, Switzerland; (R.B.); (Z.S.)
| | - Ioanna G. Kaitsa
- Department of Physics, University of Patras, 265 04 Rio-Patras, Greece;
| | - Ilias Georgiopoulos
- MIRTEC S.A., Thiva Branch, 76th km of Athens-Lamia National Road, 320 09 Schimatari, Greece;
| | - Konstantinos S. Andrikopoulos
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Stadiou Str., 265 04 Rio-Patras, Greece; (K.S.A.); (G.A.V.)
- Department of Physics, University of Patras, 265 04 Rio-Patras, Greece;
| | | | - George A. Voyiatzis
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Stadiou Str., 265 04 Rio-Patras, Greece; (K.S.A.); (G.A.V.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Han S, Hung NT, Xie Y, Saito R, Zhang J, Tong L. Observing Axial Chirality of Chiral Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes by Helicity-Dependent Raman Spectra. Nano Lett 2023; 23:8454-8459. [PMID: 37704190 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Helicity-dependent Raman spectra of an isolated, chiral, single-wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) are reported using circularly polarized light. A polar plot of polarized Raman intensity for the radial breathing mode (RBM), which is excited by left-handed or right-handed circularly polarized light, shows asymmetric angle dependence relative to the nanotube axis direction, which reflects the axial chirality of a SWNT. The asymmetry in the polar plot of the RBM can be analyzed by a complex Raman tensor. The complex phase of each component of the Raman tensor has a maximum at chiral angle θ = 15° of a SWNT which is between two achiral SWNTs, that is, zigzag (θ = 0°) and armchair (θ = 30°) SWNTs. Considering the interaction between the chiral SWNT and the circularly polarized light, we discuss the origin of the complex phases excited by the opposite helicity of the circularly polarized light.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyi Han
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Nguyen Tuan Hung
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Ying Xie
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Riichiro Saito
- Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Jin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianming Tong
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ding WT, Jiao XY, Zhao YM, Sun XY, Chen C, Wu AP, Ding YT, Hou PX, Liu C. Enhancing the Electrical Conductivity and Strength of PET by Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube Film Coating. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:37802-37809. [PMID: 37503798 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c06671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with excellent physicochemical properties are considered a promising candidate for the electrical and mechanical reinforcements of polymers. However, the poor dispersion of SWCNTs in plastics seriously limits their application and their achieved performance enhancement. Here, we coat a freestanding, highly conductive SWCNT film onto the surface of a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film by a hot-pressing method. Due to the uniform SWCNT network structure and strong interfacial interaction, the SWCNT/PET hybrid film showed notably enhanced electrical and mechanical properties even though with a very low SWCNT weight fraction of 0.066%. The surface square resistance of the SWCNT/PET film decreased to 120-140 Ω/□ from 1016 Ω. In addition, Young's modulus and tensile strength of the SWCNT/PET film reached 4.6 GPa and 148 MPa, which are 31.3 and 24.4%, respectively, higher than the pure PET film. The SWCNT/PET film shows excellent mechanical durability and thermal stability, demonstrating its potential use as an antistatic material.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Tong Ding
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xin-Yu Jiao
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yi-Ming Zhao
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xin-Yang Sun
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - An-Ping Wu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yu-Tian Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-ferrous Metals, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, PR China
| | - Peng-Xiang Hou
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dresvyanina EN, Tagandurdyyeva NA, Kodolova-Chukhontseva VV, Dobrovol'skaya IP, Kamalov AM, Nashchekina YA, Nashchekin AV, Ivanov AG, Yukina GY, Yudin VE. Structure and Properties of Composite Fibers Based on Chitosan and Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2860. [PMID: 37447506 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study focused on a potential application of electrically conductive, biocompatible, bioresorbable fibers for tubular conduits aimed at the regeneration of peripheral nerves. The conducting, mechanical, and biological properties of composite fibers based on chitosan and single-walled carbon nanotubes were investigated in this paper. It was shown that introducing 0.5 wt.% of SWCNT into the composite fibers facilitated the formation of a denser fiber structure, resulting in improved strength (σ = 260 MPa) and elastic (E = 14 GPa) characteristics. Additionally, the composite fibers were found to be biocompatible and did not cause significant inflammation or deformation during in vivo studies. A thin layer of connective tissue formed around the fiber.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena N Dresvyanina
- Institute of Textile and Fashion, Saint Petersburg State University of Industrial Technologies and Design, B. Morskaya Str., 18, Saint Petersburg 191186, Russia
| | - Nurjemal A Tagandurdyyeva
- Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnology, Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytekhnicheskaya Str., 29, Saint Petersburg 195251, Russia
| | - Vera V Kodolova-Chukhontseva
- Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnology, Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytekhnicheskaya Str., 29, Saint Petersburg 195251, Russia
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, VO Bolshoy pr., 31, Saint Petersburg 199004, Russia
| | - Irina P Dobrovol'skaya
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, VO Bolshoy pr., 31, Saint Petersburg 199004, Russia
| | - Almaz M Kamalov
- Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnology, Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytekhnicheskaya Str., 29, Saint Petersburg 195251, Russia
| | - Yulia A Nashchekina
- Institute of Cytology Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave., 4, Saint Petersburg 194064, Russia
| | - Alexey V Nashchekin
- Ioffe Institute, Polytekhnicheskaya Str., 26, Saint Petersburg 194021, Russia
| | - Alexey G Ivanov
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, VO Bolshoy pr., 31, Saint Petersburg 199004, Russia
| | - Galina Yu Yukina
- Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, L'va Tolstogo Str. 6-8, Saint Petersburg 197022, Russia
| | - Vladimir E Yudin
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, VO Bolshoy pr., 31, Saint Petersburg 199004, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wei X, Luo X, Li S, Zhou W, Xie S, Liu H. Length-Dependent Enantioselectivity of Carbon Nanotubes by Gel Chromatography. ACS Nano 2023; 17:8393-8402. [PMID: 37092905 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c12853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
High-purity enantiomer separation of chiral single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) remains a challenge compared with electrical type and chirality separations due to the limited selectivities for both chirality and handedness, which is important for an exploration of their properties and practical applications. Here, we performed length fractionation for enantiomer-purified SWCNTs and found a phenomenon in which the enantioselectivities were higher for longer nanotubes than for shorter nanotubes due to length-dependent interactions with the gel medium, which provided an effective strategy of controlling nanotube length for high-purity enantiomer separation. Furthermore, we employed a gentler pulsed ultrasonication instead of traditional vigorous ultrasonication for preparation of a low-defect long SWCNT dispersion and achieved the enantiomer separation of single-chirality (6,5) SWCNTs with an ultrahigh enantiomeric purity of up to 98%, which was determined by using the linear relationship between the normalized circular dichroism intensity and the enantiomeric purity. Compared with all results reported previously, the present enantiomeric purity was significantly higher and reached the highest level reported to date. Due to the ultrahigh selectivity in both chirality and handedness, the two obtained enantiomers exhibited perfect symmetry in their circular dichroism spectra, which offers standardization for characterizations and evaluations of SWCNT enantiomers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Department of Physics and Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Department of Optoelectronic, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, Fujian 361024, People's Republic of China
| | - Shilong Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiya Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Department of Physics and Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, People's Republic of China
| | - Sishen Xie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Department of Physics and Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaping Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Department of Physics and Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sudakov I, Goovaerts E, Wenseleers W, Blackburn JL, Duque JG, Cambré S. Chirality Dependence of Triplet Excitons in (6,5) and (7,5) Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes Revealed by Optically Detected Magnetic Resonance. ACS Nano 2023; 17:2190-2204. [PMID: 36669768 PMCID: PMC9933588 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c08392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The excitonic structure of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is chirality dependent and consists of multiple singlet and triplet excitons (TEs) of which only one singlet exciton (SE) is optically bright. In particular, the dark TEs have a large impact on the integration of SWCNTs in optoelectronic devices, where excitons are created electrically, such as in infrared light-emitting diodes, thereby strongly limiting their quantum efficiency. Here, we report the characterization of TEs in chirality-purified samples of (6,5) and (7,5) SWCNTs, either randomly oriented in a frozen solution or with in-plane preferential orientation in a film, by means of optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) spectroscopy. In both chiral structures, the nanotubes are shown to sustain three types of TEs. One TE exhibits axial symmetry with zero-field splitting (ZFS) parameters depending on SWCNT diameter, in good agreement with the tighter confinement expected in narrower-diameter nanotubes. The ZFS of this TE also depends on nanotube environment, pointing to slightly weaker confinement for surfactant-coated than for polymer-wrapped SWCNTs. A second TE type, with much smaller ZFS, does not show the same systematic trends with diameter and environment and has a less well-defined axial symmetry. This most likely corresponds to TEs trapped at defect sites at low temperature, as exemplified by comparing SWCNT samples from different origins and after different treatments. A third triplet has unresolved ZFS, implying it originates from weakly interacting spin pairs. Aside from the diameter dependence, ODMR thus provides insights in both the symmetry, confinement, and nature of TEs on semiconducting SWCNTs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Sudakov
- Department
of Physics, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610Antwerp, Belgium
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Etienne Goovaerts
- Department
of Physics, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wim Wenseleers
- Department
of Physics, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jeffrey L. Blackburn
- Materials
Science Center, National Renewable Energy
Laboratory, Golden, Colorado80401, United States
| | - Juan G. Duque
- Chemistry
Division, Physical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy Group (C-PCS), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico87544, United States
| | - Sofie Cambré
- Department
of Physics, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610Antwerp, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fujii S, Honda SI, Oka Y, Kuwahara Y, Saito T. Dispersion of Long and Isolated Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes by Using a Hydrodynamic Cavitation Method. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:466. [PMID: 36676203 PMCID: PMC9862779 DOI: 10.3390/ma16020466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are promising materials for electronic applications, such as transparent electrodes and thin-film transistors. However, the dispersion of isolated SWCNTs into solvents remains an important issue for their practical applications. SWCNTs are commonly dispersed in solvents via ultrasonication. However, ultrasonication damages SWCNTs, forming defects and cutting them into short pieces, which significantly degrade their electrical and mechanical properties. Herein, we demonstrate a novel approach toward the large-scale dispersion of long and isolated SWCNTs by using hydrodynamic cavitation. Considering the results of atomic force microscopy and dynamic light-scattering measurements, the average length of the SWCNTs dispersed via the hydrodynamic cavitation method is larger than that of the SWCNTs dispersed by using an ultrasonic homogenizer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shunjiro Fujii
- Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, 2176, Syosya, Himeji 671-2280, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Honda
- Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, 2176, Syosya, Himeji 671-2280, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Oka
- Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, 2176, Syosya, Himeji 671-2280, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yuki Kuwahara
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1, Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takeshi Saito
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1, Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Ibaraki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wei X, Li S, Wang W, Zhang X, Zhou W, Xie S, Liu H. Recent Advances in Structure Separation of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes and Their Application in Optics, Electronics, and Optoelectronics. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2200054. [PMID: 35293698 PMCID: PMC9108629 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Structural control of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with uniform properties is critical not only for their property modulation and functional design but also for applications in electronics, optics, and optoelectronics. To achieve this goal, various separation techniques have been developed in the past 20 years through which separation of high-purity semiconducting/metallic SWCNTs, single-chirality species, and even their enantiomers have been achieved. This progress has promoted the property modulation of SWCNTs and the development of SWCNT-based optoelectronic devices. Here, the recent advances in the structure separation of SWCNTs are reviewed, from metallic/semiconducting SWCNTs, to single-chirality species, and to enantiomers by several typical separation techniques and the application of the corresponding sorted SWCNTs. Based on the separation procedure, efficiency, and scalability, as well as, the separable SWCNT species, purity, and quantity, the advantages and disadvantages of various separation techniques are compared. Combined with the requirements of SWCNT application, the challenges, prospects, and development direction of structure separation are further discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineeringand School of Physical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure ResearchBeijing100190China
- Songshan Lake Materials LaboratoryDongguanGuangdong523808China
| | - Shilong Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure ResearchBeijing100190China
| | - Wenke Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineeringand School of Physical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure ResearchBeijing100190China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineeringand School of Physical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure ResearchBeijing100190China
- Songshan Lake Materials LaboratoryDongguanGuangdong523808China
| | - Weiya Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineeringand School of Physical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure ResearchBeijing100190China
- Songshan Lake Materials LaboratoryDongguanGuangdong523808China
| | - Sishen Xie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineeringand School of Physical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure ResearchBeijing100190China
- Songshan Lake Materials LaboratoryDongguanGuangdong523808China
| | - Huaping Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineeringand School of Physical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure ResearchBeijing100190China
- Songshan Lake Materials LaboratoryDongguanGuangdong523808China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Walker JS, Macdermid ZJ, Fagan JA, Kolmakov A, Biacchi AJ, Searles TA, Walker ARH, Rice WD. Dependence of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube Alignment on the Filter Membrane Interface in Slow Vacuum Filtration. Small 2022; 18:e2105619. [PMID: 35064635 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202105619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The recent introduction of slow vacuum filtration (SVF) technology has shown great promise for reproducibly creating high-quality, large-area aligned films of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) from solution-based dispersions. Despite clear advantages over other SWCNT alignment techniques, SVF remains in the developmental stages due to a lack of an agreed-upon alignment mechanism, a hurdle which hinders SVF optimization. In this work, the filter membrane surface is modified to show how the resulting SWCNT nematic order can be significantly enhanced. It is observed that directional mechanical grooving on filter membranes does not play a significant role in SWCNT alignment, despite the tendency for nanotubes to follow the groove direction. Chemical treatments to the filter membrane are shown to increase SWCNT alignment by nearly 1/3. These findings suggest that membrane surface structure acts to create a directional flow along the filter membrane surface that can produce global SWCNT alignment during SVF, rather serving as an alignment template.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua S Walker
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Wyoming, 1000 E. University Ave., Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Zia J Macdermid
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Wyoming, 1000 E. University Ave., Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Fagan
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Andrei Kolmakov
- Nanoscale Device Characterization Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Adam J Biacchi
- Nanoscale Device Characterization Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Thomas A Searles
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Howard University, Washington, D.C., 20059, USA
| | - Angela R Hight Walker
- Nanoscale Device Characterization Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - William D Rice
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Wyoming, 1000 E. University Ave., Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nimaev VV, Pivkina AV, Shurlygina AV, Rachkovskaya LN, Smagin AA, Yastrebova ES, Rachkovskii EE, Korolev MA, Mal'tsev VP, Letyagin AY. New Carbon-Mineral Sorbent Based on Aluminum Oxide, Polydimethylsiloxane, and Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes: Assessment of the Effect on Erythrocytes In Vitro. Bull Exp Biol Med 2022; 172:478-482. [PMID: 35175474 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-022-05417-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A comparative study of the effect of a sorbent with nanotubes (Al2O3@ WCNT-PDMS) and a carbon-mineral sorbent (Al2O3@C) on the parameters of human erythrocytes was carried out. Using scanning flow cytometry, the morphological and functional parameters of venous blood erythrocytes as well as drainage blood after its perfusion through columns with sorbents were determined. The compared samples Al2O3@SWCNT-PDMS and Al2O3@C are similar by their effect on the morphological and functional parameters of erythrocytes. The maximum membrane extensibility increased to a greatest extent after contact with Al2O3@C, the amount of hemoglobin in erythrocytes decreased to the greatest extent after perfusion through a column with Al2O3@SWCNT-PDMS sorbent. The scanning flow cytometry is promising for assessing the effect on erythrocytes of new sorption materials intended for blood detoxification. Changes in the parameters of erythrocytes of blood collected in a sterile drainage system for subsequent reinfusion were revealed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V V Nimaev
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology - Affiliated Branch of Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - A V Pivkina
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology - Affiliated Branch of Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A V Shurlygina
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology - Affiliated Branch of Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - L N Rachkovskaya
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology - Affiliated Branch of Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A A Smagin
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology - Affiliated Branch of Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - E S Yastrebova
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology - Affiliated Branch of Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - E E Rachkovskii
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology - Affiliated Branch of Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - M A Korolev
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology - Affiliated Branch of Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - V P Mal'tsev
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology - Affiliated Branch of Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A Yu Letyagin
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology - Affiliated Branch of Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liu B, Alamri M, Walsh M, Doolin JL, Berrie CL, Wu JZ. Development of an ALD-Pt@SWCNT/Graphene 3D Nanohybrid Architecture for Hydrogen Sensing. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:53115-53124. [PMID: 33200602 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c15532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A nanohybrid architecture composed of single-wall carbon nanotube films and graphene heterostructures (SWCNT/graphene) was developed as a three-dimensional (3D) electrode. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) was used for conformal coating of catalytic Pt nanoparticles on the 3D ALD-Pt@SWCNT/graphene nanohybrid architecture for further enhancement of H2 sensing, taking advantage of the large sensing area and conformally coated nanostructures of the catalytic Pt. Remarkably, the H2 response was found to be improved by 50% in the SWCNT/graphene nanohybrid, indicating that graphene provides a more efficient charge transport. The ALD-Pt further enhances the H2 responsivity of the 3D ALD-Pt @SWCNT/graphene nanohybrids. By coating 10 cycles of ALD-Pt on the SWCNT/graphene nanohybrid, the H2 response (2.77%) is approximately twice that (1.4%) of its counterpart without the ALD-Pt. By further optimizing the 3D ALD-Pt@SWCNT/graphene nanohybrids with respect to the ALD-Pt cycle numbers and SWCNT film thickness, a H2 responsivity as high as 7.5% was achieved on the SWCNT/graphene nanohybrid sample with a 560 nm thick SWCNT film and 50 cycles of ALD-Pt.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Mohammed Alamri
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Michael Walsh
- Department of Energy's National Security Campus, Kansas City, Missouri 64147, United States
| | - Jennifer L Doolin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Cindy L Berrie
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Judy Z Wu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bezerra SF, Dos Santos Rodrigues B, da Silva ACG, de Ávila RI, Brito HRG, Cintra ER, Veloso DFMC, Lima EM, Valadares MC. Application of the adverse outcome pathway framework for investigating skin sensitization potential of nanomaterials using new approach methods. Contact Dermatitis 2020; 84:67-74. [PMID: 32683706 DOI: 10.1111/cod.13669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, considerable efforts to standardize methods for accurate assessment of properties and safety aspects of nanomaterials are being made. However, immunomodulation effects upon skin exposure to nanomaterial have not been explored. OBJECTIVES To investigate the immunotoxicity of single-wall carbon nanotubes, titanium dioxide, and fullerene using the current mechanistic understanding of skin sensitization by applying the concept of adverse outcome pathway (AOP). METHODS Investigation of the ability of nanomaterials to interact with skin proteins using the micro-direct peptide reactivity assay; the expression of CD86 cell surface marker using the U937 cell activation test (OECD No. 442E/2018); and the effects of nanomaterials on modulating inflammatory response through inflammatory cytokine release by U937 cells. RESULTS The nanomaterials easily internalized into keratinocytes cells, interacted with skin proteins, and triggered activation of U937 cells by increasing CD86 expression and modulating inflammatory cytokine production. Consequently, these nanomaterials were classified as skin sensitizers in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests the potential immunotoxicity of nanomaterials and highlights the importance of studying the immunotoxicity and skin sensitization potential of nanomaterials to anticipate possible human health risks using standardized mechanistic nonanimal methods with high predictive accuracy. Therefore, it contributes toward the applicability of existing OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) testing guidelines for accurate assessment of nanomaterial skin sensitization potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soraia F Bezerra
- Laboratory of Education and Research in in vitro Toxicology (Tox In), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Bruna Dos Santos Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Education and Research in in vitro Toxicology (Tox In), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Artur C G da Silva
- Laboratory of Education and Research in in vitro Toxicology (Tox In), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Renato I de Ávila
- Laboratory of Education and Research in in vitro Toxicology (Tox In), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Hallison R G Brito
- Laboratory of Education and Research in in vitro Toxicology (Tox In), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Emílio R Cintra
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology-Farmatec, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Danillo F M C Veloso
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology-Farmatec, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Eliana M Lima
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology-Farmatec, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Marize C Valadares
- Laboratory of Education and Research in in vitro Toxicology (Tox In), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lykov AP, Rachkovskaya LN, Poveshchenko OV, Surovtseva MA, Kim II, Bondarenko NA, Rachkovskii EE, Korolev MA, Letyagin AY. Cytotoxicity of Aluminum-Silica Matrices Modified with Carbon Nanotubes. Bull Exp Biol Med 2020; 169:687-90. [PMID: 32986203 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-020-04955-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We studied the effect of aluminum-silicon matrices modified with carbon nanotubes on proliferation and production of nitric oxide by splenocytes, thymocytes, and bone marrow mononuclear cells of female db/db mice. Synthesized matrices decreased cell proliferation and suppressed NO production by the studied cells.
Collapse
|
16
|
Carpena-Núñez J, Rao R, Kim D, Bets KV, Zakharov DN, Boscoboinik JA, Stach EA, Yakobson BI, Tsapatsis M, Stacchiola D, Maruyama B. Zeolite Nanosheets Stabilize Catalyst Particles to Promote the Growth of Thermodynamically Unfavorable, Small-Diameter Carbon Nanotubes. Small 2020; 16:e2002120. [PMID: 32812375 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202002120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A challenge in the synthesis of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is the lack of control over the formation and evolution of catalyst nanoparticles and the lack of control over their size or chirality. Here, zeolite MFI nanosheets (MFI-Ns) are used to keep cobalt (Co) nanoparticles stable during prolonged annealing conditions. Environmental transmission electron microscopy (ETEM) shows that the MFI-Ns can influence the size and shape of nanoparticles via particle/support registry, which leads to the preferential docking of nanoparticles to four or fewer pores and to the regulation of the SWCNT synthesis products. The resulting SWCNT population exhibits a narrow diameter distribution and SWCNTs of nearly all chiral angles, including sub-nm zigzag (ZZ) and near-ZZ tubes. Theoretical simulations reveal that the growth of these unfavorable tubes from unsupported catalysts leads to the rapid encapsulation of catalyst nanoparticles bearing them; their presence in the growth products suggests that the MFI-Ns prevent nanoparticle encapsulation and prologue ZZ and near-ZZ SWCNT growth. These results thus present a path forward for controlling nanoparticle formation and evolution, for achieving size- and shape-selectivity at high temperature, and for controlling SWCNT synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Carpena-Núñez
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH, 45433, USA
- UES, Inc., Dayton, OH, 45432, USA
| | - Rahul Rao
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH, 45433, USA
- UES, Inc., Dayton, OH, 45432, USA
| | - Donghun Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Ksenia V Bets
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Dmitri N Zakharov
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - J Anibal Boscoboinik
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Eric A Stach
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Boris I Yakobson
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Smalley-Curl Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Michael Tsapatsis
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- Applied Physics Laboratory, John Hopkins University, Laurel, MB, 20723, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering & Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Dario Stacchiola
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Benji Maruyama
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH, 45433, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ju D, Zhang Y, Li R, Liu S, Li L, Chen H. Mechanism-Independent Manipulation of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes with Atomic Force Microscopy Tip. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 10:E1494. [PMID: 32751468 PMCID: PMC7466456 DOI: 10.3390/nano10081494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) based nanomanipulation can align the orientation and position of individual carbon nanotubes accurately. However, the flexible deformation during the tip manipulation modifies the original shape of these nanotubes, which could affect its electrical properties and reduce the accuracy of AFM nanomanipulation. Thus, we developed a protocol for searching the synergistic parameter combinations to push single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) to maintain their original shape after manipulation as far as possible, without requiring the sample physical properties and the tip-manipulation mechanisms. In the protocol, from a vast search space of manipulating parameters, the differential evolution (DE) algorithm was used to identify the optimal combinations of three parameters rapidly with the DE algorithm and the feedback of the length ratio of SWCNTs before and after manipulation. After optimizing the scale factor F and crossover probability Cr, the values F = 0.4 and Cr = 0.6 were used, and the ratio could reach 0.95 within 5-7 iterations. A parameter region with a higher length ratio was also studied to supply arbitrary pushing parameter combinations for individual manipulation demand. The optimal pushing parameter combination reduces the manipulation trajectory and the tip abrasion, thereby significantly improving the efficiency of tip manipulation for nanowire materials. The protocol for searching the best parameter combinations used in this study can also be extended to manipulate other one-dimensional nanomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Longhai Li
- College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (D.J.); (Y.Z.); (R.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Haitao Chen
- College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (D.J.); (Y.Z.); (R.L.); (S.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Pargoletti E, Cappelletti G. Breakthroughs in the Design of Novel Carbon-Based Metal Oxides Nanocomposites for VOCs Gas Sensing. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 10:nano10081485. [PMID: 32751173 PMCID: PMC7466532 DOI: 10.3390/nano10081485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, the detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at trace levels (down to ppb) is feasible by exploiting ultra-sensitive and highly selective chemoresistors, especially in the field of medical diagnosis. By coupling metal oxide semiconductors (MOS e.g., SnO2, ZnO, WO3, CuO, TiO2 and Fe2O3) with innovative carbon-based materials (graphene, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, single-wall and multi-wall carbon nanotubes), outstanding performances in terms of sensitivity, selectivity, limits of detection, response and recovery times towards specific gaseous targets (such as ethanol, acetone, formaldehyde and aromatic compounds) can be easily achieved. Notably, carbonaceous species, highly interconnected to MOS nanoparticles, enhance the sensor responses by (i) increasing the surface area and the pore content, (ii) favoring the electron migration, the transfer efficiency (spillover effect) and gas diffusion rate, (iii) promoting the active sites concomitantly limiting the nanopowders agglomeration; and (iv) forming nano-heterojunctions. Herein, the aim of the present review is to highlight the above-mentioned hybrid features in order to engineer novel flexible, miniaturized and low working temperature sensors, able to detect specific VOC biomarkers of a human's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Pargoletti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), Via Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.P.); (G.C.); Tel.: +39-02-50314228 (G.C.)
| | - Giuseppe Cappelletti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), Via Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.P.); (G.C.); Tel.: +39-02-50314228 (G.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Walker JS, Fagan JA, Biacchi AJ, Kuehl VA, Searles TA, Hight Walker AR, Rice WD. Global Alignment of Solution-Based Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube Films via Machine-Vision Controlled Filtration. Nano Lett 2019; 19:7256-7264. [PMID: 31507183 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, substantial progress has been made in the chemical control (chiral enrichment, length sorting, handedness selectivity, and filling substance) of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). Recently, it was shown that large, horizontally aligned films can be created out of postprocessed SWCNT solutions. Here, we use machine-vision automation and parallelization to simultaneously produce globally aligned SWCNT films using pressure-driven filtration. Feedback control enables filtration to occur with a constant flow rate that not only improves the nematic ordering of the SWCNT films but also provides the ability to align a wide range of SWCNT types and on a variety of nanoporous membranes using the same filtration parameters. Using polarized optical spectroscopic techniques, we show that under standard implementation, meniscus combing produces a two-dimensional radial SWCNT alignment on one side of the film. After we flatten the meniscus through silanization, spatially resolved nematicity maps on both sides of the SWCNT film reveal global alignment across the entire structure. From experiments changing ionic strength and membrane charging, we provide evidence that the SWCNT alignment mechanism stems from an interplay of intertube interactions and ordered membrane charging. This work opens up the possibility of creating globally aligned SWCNT film structures for a new generation of nanotube electronics and optical control elements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua S Walker
- Department of Physics , University of Wyoming , Laramie , Wyoming 82071 , United States
| | - Jeffrey A Fagan
- Materials Science and Engineering Division , National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899 , United States
| | - Adam J Biacchi
- Nanoscale Device Characterization Division , National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899 , United States
| | - Valerie A Kuehl
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wyoming , Laramie , Wyoming 82071 , United States
| | - Thomas A Searles
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , Howard University , Washington , D.C. 20059 , United States
| | - Angela R Hight Walker
- Nanoscale Device Characterization Division , National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899 , United States
| | - William D Rice
- Department of Physics , University of Wyoming , Laramie , Wyoming 82071 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ichinose Y, Yoshida A, Horiuchi K, Fukuhara K, Komatsu N, Gao W, Yomogida Y, Matsubara M, Yamamoto T, Kono J, Yanagi K. Solving the Thermoelectric Trade-Off Problem with Metallic Carbon Nanotubes. Nano Lett 2019; 19:7370-7376. [PMID: 31498635 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b03022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductors are generally considered far superior to metals as thermoelectric materials because of their much larger Seebeck coefficients (S). However, a maximum value of S in a semiconductor is normally accompanied by a minuscule electrical conductivity (σ), and hence, the thermoelectric power factor (P = S2σ) remains small. An attempt to increase σ by increasing the Fermi energy (EF), on the other hand, decreases S. This trade-off between S and σ is a well-known dilemma in developing high-performance thermoelectric devices based on semiconductors. Here, we show that the use of metallic carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with tunable EF solves this long-standing problem, demonstrating a higher thermoelectric performance than semiconducting CNTs. We studied the EF dependence of S, σ, and P in a series of CNT films with systematically varied metallic CNT contents. In purely metallic CNT films, both S and σ monotonically increased with EF, continuously boosting P while increasing EF. Particularly, in an aligned metallic CNT film, the maximum of P was ∼5 times larger than that in the highest-purity (>99%) single-chirality semiconducting CNT film. We attribute these superior thermoelectric properties of metallic CNTs to the simultaneously enhanced S and σ of one-dimensional conduction electrons near the first van Hove singularity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yota Ichinose
- Department of Physics , Tokyo Metropolitan University , Tokyo 192-0372 , Japan
| | - Akari Yoshida
- Department of Physics , Tokyo Metropolitan University , Tokyo 192-0372 , Japan
| | - Kanako Horiuchi
- Department of Physics , Tokyo Metropolitan University , Tokyo 192-0372 , Japan
| | - Kengo Fukuhara
- Department of Physics , Tokyo Metropolitan University , Tokyo 192-0372 , Japan
| | - Natsumi Komatsu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Weilu Gao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Yohei Yomogida
- Department of Physics , Tokyo Metropolitan University , Tokyo 192-0372 , Japan
| | - Manaho Matsubara
- Department of Liberal Arts, Faculty of Engineering , Tokyo University of Science , Katsushika , Tokyo 125-8585 , Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamamoto
- Department of Liberal Arts, Faculty of Engineering , Tokyo University of Science , Katsushika , Tokyo 125-8585 , Japan
| | - Junichiro Kono
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
- Department of Material Science and NanoEngineering , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Kazuhiro Yanagi
- Department of Physics , Tokyo Metropolitan University , Tokyo 192-0372 , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Al-Gharabli S, Hamad E, Saket M, Abu El-Rub Z, Arafat H, Kujawski W, Kujawa J. Advanced Material-Ordered Nanotubular Ceramic Membranes Covalently Capped with Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes. Materials (Basel) 2018; 11:E739. [PMID: 29735904 DOI: 10.3390/ma11050739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Advanced ceramic materials with a well-defined nano-architecture of their surfaces were formed by applying a two-step procedure. Firstly, a primary amine was docked on the ordered nanotubular ceramic surface via a silanization process. Subsequently, single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were covalently grafted onto the surface via an amide building block. Physicochemical (e.g., hydrophobicity, and surface free energy (SFE)), mechanical, and tribological properties of the developed membranes were improved significantly. The design, preparation, and extended characterization of the developed membranes are presented. Tools such as high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), single-area electron diffraction (SAED) analysis, microscopy, tribology, nano-indentation, and Raman spectroscopy, among other techniques, were utilized in the characterization of the developed membranes. As an effect of hydrophobization, the contact angles (CAs) changed from 38° to 110° and from 51° to 95° for the silanization of ceramic membranes 20 (CM20) and CM100, respectively. SWCNT functionalization reduced the CAs to 72° and 66° for ceramic membranes carbon nanotubes 20 (CM-CNT-20) and CM-CNT-100, respectively. The mechanical properties of the developed membranes improved significantly. From the nanotribological study, Young’s modulus increased from 3 to 39 GPa for CM-CNT-20 and from 43 to 48 GPa for pristine CM-CNT-100. Furthermore, the nanohardness increased by about 80% after the attachment of CNTs for both types of ceramics. The proposed protocol within this work for the development of functionalized ceramic membranes is both simple and efficient.
Collapse
|
22
|
Jagusiak A, Piekarska B, Pańczyk T, Jemioła-Rzemińska M, Bielańska E, Stopa B, Zemanek G, Rybarska J, Roterman I, Konieczny L. Dispersion of single-wall carbon nanotubes with supramolecular Congo red - properties of the complexes and mechanism of the interaction. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 2017; 8:636-648. [PMID: 28462065 PMCID: PMC5372747 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.8.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A method of dispersion of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in aqueous media using Congo red (CR) is proposed. Nanotubes covered with CR constitute the high capacity system that provides the possibility of binding and targeted delivery of different drugs, which can intercalate into the supramolecular, ribbon-like CR structure. The study revealed the presence of strong interactions between CR and the surface of SWNTs. The aim of the study was to explain the mechanism of this interaction. The interaction of CR and carbon nanotubes was studied using spectral analysis of the SWNT-CR complex, dynamic light scattering (DLS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and microscopic methods: atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission (TEM), scanning (SEM) and optical microscopy. The results indicate that the binding of supramolecular CR structures to the surface of the nanotubes is based on the "face to face stacking". CR molecules attached directly to the surface of the nanotubes can bind further, parallel-oriented molecules and form supramolecular and protruding structures. This explains the high CR binding capacity of carbon nanotubes. The presented system - containing SWNTs covered with CR - offers a wide range of biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jagusiak
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 7, Kraków 31-034, Poland
| | - Barbara Piekarska
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 7, Kraków 31-034, Poland
| | - Tomasz Pańczyk
- Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Science, Niezapominajek 8, Kraków 30-239, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Jemioła-Rzemińska
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Bielańska
- Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Science, Niezapominajek 8, Kraków 30-239, Poland
| | - Barbara Stopa
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 7, Kraków 31-034, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Zemanek
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 7, Kraków 31-034, Poland
| | - Janina Rybarska
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 7, Kraków 31-034, Poland
| | - Irena Roterman
- Department of Bioinformatics and Telemedicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, św. Łazarza 16, Kraków 31-034, Poland
| | - Leszek Konieczny
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 7, Kraków 31-034, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Tonga M, Wei L, Taylor PS, Wilusz E, Korugic-Karasz L, Karasz FE, Lahti PM. Thermoelectric Enhancement by Compositing Carbon Nanotubes into Iodine-Doped Poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene]. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:8975-8984. [PMID: 28248087 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b14695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Free-standing iodine-doped composite samples of poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MEH-PPV) with carbon nanotubes (NTs) showed thermoelectric (TE) power factors (PFs) up to 33 μW·m-1·K-2 after optimizing multiple factors, including: (1) sample fabrication solvent, (2) doping time, (3) average MEH-PPV molecular weight, (4) NT fraction in the composite, and (5) use of single-wall versus multi-wall nanotubes (SWNT and MWNT, respectively). Composite fabrication from halogenated solvents gave the best TE performance after iodine doping times of 2-4 h; performance drops substantially in ∼20 h doped samples. TE performance dropped after at least 24 h of removal from iodine vapor but was fully restored upon re-exposure to the dopant. Longer-chain MEH-PPV gave not only mechanically stronger films but also higher PFs in doped SWNT composites. MWNT composites gave low PFs, attributed to poor NT dispersion. Scanning electron microscopy showed increasingly extensive network formation as NT fraction increased in the composites; this phase separation provides charge transport pathways that improve thermoelectric PFs. The results support a strategy of producing phase-separated materials having both electrical conduction enhanced regions and Seebeck thermopower retaining regions to maximize organic TE response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Murat Tonga
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Lang Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Patrick S Taylor
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Eugene Wilusz
- Natick Soldier Research, Development and Engineering Center , Natick, Massachusetts 01760, United States
| | - Ljiljana Korugic-Karasz
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Frank E Karasz
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Paul M Lahti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Cox ND, Cress CD, Rossi JE, Puchades I, Merrill A, Franklin AD, Landi BJ. Modification of Silver/Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube Electrical Contact Interfaces via Ion Irradiation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:7406-7411. [PMID: 28157281 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b14041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction of defects via ion irradiation ex situ to modify silver/single-wall carbon nanotube (Ag-SWCNT) electrical contacts and the resulting changes in the electrical properties were studied. Two test samples were fabricated by depositing 0.1 μm Ag onto SWCNT thin films with average thicknesses of 10 and 60 nm, followed by ion irradiation (150 keV 11B+ at 5 × 1014 ions/cm2). The contact resistance (Rc) between the Ag and SWCNT thin films was determined using transfer length method (TLM) measurements before and after ion irradiation. Rc increases for both test samples after irradiation, while there is no change in Rc for control structures with thick Ag contacts (1.5 μm), indicating that changes in Rc originate from changes in the SWCNT films and at the Ag-SWCNT interface caused by ion penetration through the Ag contact electrodes. Rc increases by ∼4× for the 60 nm SWCNT structure and increases by ∼2.4× for the 10 nm SWCNT structure. Raman spectroscopy measurements of the SWCNTs under the contacts compared to the starting SWCNT film show that the degradation of the 10 nm SWCNT structure was less significant than that of the 60 nm SWCNT structure, suggesting that the smaller change in Rc for the 10 nm SWCNT structure is a result of the thickness-dependent damage profile in the SWCNTs. Despite the increase in overall contact resistance, further TLM analysis reveals that the specific contact resistance actually decreases by ∼3.5-4× for both test samples, suggesting an enhancement of the electrical properties at the Ag-SWCNT interface. Irradiation simulations provide a physical description of the underlying mechanism, revealing that Ag atoms are forward-scattered into the SWCNTs, creating an Ag/C interfacial layer several nanometers in depth. The collective results indicate competing effects of improvement of the Ag-SWCNT interface versus degradation of the bulk SWCNT films, which has implications for scaled high-performance devices employing thinner SWCNT films.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathanael D Cox
- Department of Microsystems Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology , Rochester, New York 14623, United States
- NanoPower Research Laboratories, Rochester Institute of Technology , Rochester, New York 14623, United States
| | - Cory D Cress
- Electronics Science and Technology Division, United States Naval Research Laboratory , Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Jamie E Rossi
- NanoPower Research Laboratories, Rochester Institute of Technology , Rochester, New York 14623, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology , Rochester, New York 14623, United States
| | - Ivan Puchades
- NanoPower Research Laboratories, Rochester Institute of Technology , Rochester, New York 14623, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology , Rochester, New York 14623, United States
| | - Andrew Merrill
- NanoPower Research Laboratories, Rochester Institute of Technology , Rochester, New York 14623, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology , Rochester, New York 14623, United States
| | - Aaron D Franklin
- Departments of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Chemistry, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Brian J Landi
- NanoPower Research Laboratories, Rochester Institute of Technology , Rochester, New York 14623, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology , Rochester, New York 14623, United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Cao X, Wu F, Lau C, Liu Y, Liu Q, Zhou C. Top-Contact Self-Aligned Printing for High-Performance Carbon Nanotube Thin-Film Transistors with Sub-Micron Channel Length. ACS Nano 2017; 11:2008-2014. [PMID: 28195705 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b08185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Semiconducting single-wall carbon nanotubes are ideal semiconductors for printed thin-film transistors due to their excellent electrical performance and intrinsic printability with solution-based deposition. However, limited by resolution and registration accuracy of current printing techniques, previously reported fully printed nanotube transistors had rather long channel lengths (>20 μm) and consequently low current-drive capabilities (<0.2 μA/μm). Here we report fully inkjet printed nanotube transistors with dramatically enhanced on-state current density of ∼4.5 μA/μm by downscaling the devices to a sub-micron channel length with top-contact self-aligned printing and employing high-capacitance ion gel as the gate dielectric. Also, the printed transistors exhibited a high on/off ratio of ∼105, low-voltage operation, and good mobility of ∼15.03 cm2 V-1s-1. These advantageous features of our printed transistors are very promising for future high-definition printed displays and sensing systems, low-power consumer electronics, and large-scale integration of printed electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Cao
- Department of Materials Science and ‡Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Fanqi Wu
- Department of Materials Science and ‡Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Christian Lau
- Department of Materials Science and ‡Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Yihang Liu
- Department of Materials Science and ‡Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Qingzhou Liu
- Department of Materials Science and ‡Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Chongwu Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and ‡Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Cao X, Lau C, Liu Y, Wu F, Gui H, Liu Q, Ma Y, Wan H, Amer MR, Zhou C. Fully Screen-Printed, Large-Area, and Flexible Active-Matrix Electrochromic Displays Using Carbon Nanotube Thin-Film Transistors. ACS Nano 2016; 10:9816-9822. [PMID: 27749046 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b05368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Semiconducting single-wall carbon nanotubes are ideal semiconductors for printed electronics due to their advantageous electrical and mechanical properties, intrinsic printability in solution, and desirable stability in air. However, fully printed, large-area, high-performance, and flexible carbon nanotube active-matrix backplanes are still difficult to realize for future displays and sensing applications. Here, we report fully screen-printed active-matrix electrochromic displays employing carbon nanotube thin-film transistors. Our fully printed backplane shows high electrical performance with mobility of 3.92 ± 1.08 cm2 V-1 s-1, on-off current ratio Ion/Ioff ∼ 104, and good uniformity. The printed backplane was then monolithically integrated with an array of printed electrochromic pixels, resulting in an entirely screen-printed active-matrix electrochromic display (AMECD) with good switching characteristics, facile manufacturing, and long-term stability. Overall, our fully screen-printed AMECD is promising for the mass production of large-area and low-cost flexible displays for applications such as disposable tags, medical electronics, and smart home appliances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Moh R Amer
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Center of Excellence for Green Nanotechnologies, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology , Riyadh 12371, Saudi Arabia
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Piao Y, Simpson JR, Streit JK, Ao G, Zheng M, Fagan JA, Hight Walker AR. Intensity Ratio of Resonant Raman Modes for (n,m) Enriched Semiconducting Carbon Nanotubes. ACS Nano 2016; 10:5252-9. [PMID: 27128733 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b01031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Relative intensities of resonant Raman spectral features, specifically the radial breathing mode (RBM) and G modes, of 11, chirality-enriched, single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) species were established under second-order optical transition excitation. The results demonstrate an under-recognized complexity in the evaluation of Raman spectra for the assignment of (n,m) population distributions. Strong chiral angle and mod dependencies affect the intensity ratio of the RBM to G modes and can result in misleading interpretations. Furthermore, we report five additional (n,m) values for the chirality-dependent G(+) and G(-) Raman peak positions and intensity ratios; thereby extending the available data to cover more of the smaller diameter regime by including the (5,4) second-order, resonance Raman spectra. Together, the Raman spectral library is demonstrated to be sufficient for decoupling G peaks from multiple species via a spectral fitting process, and enables fundamental characterization even in mixed chiral population samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Piao
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Jeffrey R Simpson
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Department of Physics, Astronomy and Geosciences, Towson University Towson, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Jason K Streit
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Geyou Ao
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Ming Zheng
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Jeffrey A Fagan
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Angela R Hight Walker
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Chang CH, Chung SH, Manthiram A. Effective Stabilization of a High-Loading Sulfur Cathode and a Lithium-Metal Anode in Li-S Batteries Utilizing SWCNT-Modulated Separators. Small 2016; 12:174-179. [PMID: 26580705 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201502505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A custom single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT)-modulated separator is employed to directly suppress the polysulfide migration and indirectly protect the lithium-metal anode from severe polysulfide contamination. The conductive sp(2) -carbon scaffold continuously reactivates and reutilizes the trapped active material, so the SWCNT-modulated separator provides a facile way to facilitate the implementation of pure sulfur cathodes with high sulfur contents and loadings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hao Chang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program & Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Sheng-Heng Chung
- Materials Science and Engineering Program & Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Arumugam Manthiram
- Materials Science and Engineering Program & Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Bucossi AR, Cress CD, Schauerman CM, Rossi JE, Puchades I, Landi BJ. Enhanced Electrical Conductivity in Extruded Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube Wires from Modified Coagulation Parameters and Mechanical Processing. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:27299-27305. [PMID: 26632650 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b08668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) synthesized via laser vaporization have been dispersed using chlorosulfonic acid (CSA) and extruded under varying coagulation conditions to fabricate multifunctional wires. The use of high purity SWCNT material based upon established purification methods yields wires with highly aligned nanoscale morphology and an over 4× improvement in electrical conductivity over as-produced SWCNT material. A series of eight liquids have been evaluated for use as a coagulant bath, and each coagulant yielded unique wire morphology based on its interaction with the SWCNT-CSA dispersion. In particular, dimethylacetamide as a coagulant bath is shown to fabricate highly uniform SWCNT wires, and acetone coagulant baths result in the highest specific conductivity and tensile strength. A 2× improvement in specific conductivity has been measured for SWCNT wires following tensioning induced both during extrusion via increased coagulant bath depth and during solvent evaporation via mechanical strain, over that of as-extruded wires from shallower coagulant baths. Overall, combination of the optimized coagulation parameters has yielded acid-doped wires with the highest reported room temperature electrical conductivities to date of 4.1-5.0 MS/m and tensile strengths of 210-250 MPa. Such improvements in bulk electrical conductivity can impact the adoption of metal-free, multifunctional SWCNT materials for advanced cabling architectures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cory D Cress
- Electronics Science & Technology Division, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, 20375, United States
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Lim HE, Miyata Y, Fujihara M, Okada S, Liu Z, Sato K, Omachi H, Kitaura R, Irle S, Suenaga K, Shinohara H. Fabrication and optical probing of highly extended, ultrathin graphene nanoribbons in carbon nanotubes. ACS Nano 2015; 9:5034-5040. [PMID: 25868574 DOI: 10.1021/nn507408m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Nanotemplated growth of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) inside carbon nanotubes is a promising mean to fabricate ultrathin ribbons with desired side edge configuration. We report the optical properties of the GNRs formed in single-wall carbon nanotubes. When coronene is used as the precursor, extended GNRs are grown via a high-temperature annealing at 700 °C. Their optical responses are probed through the diazonium-based side-wall functionalization, which effectively suppresses the excitonic absorption peaks of the nanotubes without damaging the inner GNRs. Differential absorption spectra clearly show two distinct peaks around 1.5 and 3.4 eV. These peaks are assigned to the optical transitions between the van Hove singularities in the density of state of the GNRs in qualitative agreement with the first-principles calculations. Resonance Raman spectra and transmission electron microscope observations also support the formation of long GNRs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong En Lim
- †Department of Chemistry, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yasumitsu Miyata
- ‡Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji 192-0397, Japan
- §JST, PRESTO, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan
| | - Miho Fujihara
- †Department of Chemistry, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Susumu Okada
- ⊥Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8571, Japan
| | - Zheng Liu
- ∥Nanotube Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - Kayoko Sato
- ∥Nanotube Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - Haruka Omachi
- †Department of Chemistry, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Ryo Kitaura
- †Department of Chemistry, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Stephan Irle
- †Department of Chemistry, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- #WPI-Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kazu Suenaga
- ∥Nanotube Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - Hisanori Shinohara
- †Department of Chemistry, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- ○Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Fujita K, Fukuda M, Endoh S, Maru J, Kato H, Nakamura A, Shinohara N, Uchino K, Honda K. Size effects of single-walled carbon nanotubes on in vivo and in vitro pulmonary toxicity. Inhal Toxicol 2015; 27:207-23. [PMID: 25865113 PMCID: PMC4487552 DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2015.1026620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
To elucidate the effect of size on the pulmonary toxicity of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), we prepared two types of dispersed SWCNTs, namely relatively thin bundles with short linear shapes (CNT-1) and thick bundles with long linear shapes (CNT-2), and conducted rat intratracheal instillation tests and in vitro cell-based assays using NR8383 rat alveolar macrophages. Total protein levels, MIP-1α expression, cell counts in BALF, and histopathological examinations revealed that CNT-1 caused pulmonary inflammation and slower recovery and that CNT-2 elicited acute lung inflammation shortly after their instillation. Comprehensive gene expression analysis confirmed that CNT-1-induced genes were strongly associated with inflammatory responses, cell proliferation, and immune system processes at 7 or 30 d post-instillation. Numerous genes were significantly upregulated or downregulated by CNT-2 at 1 d post-instillation. In vitro assays demonstrated that CNT-1 and CNT-2 SWCNTs were phagocytized by NR8383 cells. CNT-2 treatment induced cell growth inhibition, reactive oxygen species production, MIP-1α expression, and several genes involved in response to stimulus, whereas CNT-1 treatment did not exert a significant impact in these regards. These results suggest that SWCNTs formed as relatively thin bundles with short linear shapes elicited delayed pulmonary inflammation with slower recovery. In contrast, SWCNTs with a relatively thick bundle and long linear shapes sensitively induced cellular responses in alveolar macrophages and elicited acute lung inflammation shortly after inhalation. We conclude that the pulmonary toxicity of SWCNTs is closely associated with the size of the bundles. These physical parameters are useful for risk assessment and management of SWCNTs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhide Fujita
- Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability (RISS), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Tsukuba, Ibaraki , Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Yanagi K, Kanda S, Oshima Y, Kitamura Y, Kawai H, Yamamoto T, Takenobu T, Nakai Y, Maniwa Y. Tuning of the thermoelectric properties of one-dimensional material networks by electric double layer techniques using ionic liquids. Nano Lett 2014; 14:6437-6442. [PMID: 25302572 DOI: 10.1021/nl502982f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report across-bandgap p-type and n-type control over the Seebeck coefficients of semiconducting single-wall carbon nanotube networks through an electric double layer transistor setup using an ionic liquid as the electrolyte. All-around gating characteristics by electric double layer formation upon the surface of the nanotubes enabled the tuning of the Seebeck coefficient of the nanotube networks by the shift in gate voltage, which opened the path to Fermi-level-controlled three-dimensional thermoelectric devices composed of one-dimensional nanomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Yanagi
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University , Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Peña Alvarez M, Mayorga Burrezo P, Kertesz M, Iwamoto T, Yamago S, Xia J, Jasti R, López Navarrete JT, Taravillo M, Baonza VG, Casado J. Properties of sizeable [n]cycloparaphenylenes as molecular models of single-wall carbon nanotubes elucidated by Raman spectroscopy: structural and electron-transfer responses under mechanical stress. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:7033-7. [PMID: 24838669 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201400719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
[n]Cycloparaphenylenes behave as molecular templates of "perfectly chemically defined" single-wall carbon nanotubes. These [n]CPP molecules have electronic, mechanical, and chemical properties in size correspondence with their giant congeners. Under mechanical stress, they form charge-transfer salts, or complexes with fullerene, by one-electron concave-convex electron transfer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Peña Alvarez
- MALTA-Consolider Team, Department of Physical Chemistry, Chemistry Faculty, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid (Spain)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Niklas J, Holt JM, Mistry K, Rumbles G, Blackburn JL, Poluektov OG. Charge Separation in P3HT:SWCNT Blends Studied by EPR: Spin Signature of the Photoinduced Charged State in SWCNT. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:601-606. [PMID: 26276616 DOI: 10.1021/jz402668h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) could be employed in organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices as a replacement or additive for currently used fullerene derivatives, but significant research remains to explain fundamental aspects of charge generation. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, which is sensitive only to unpaired electrons, was applied to explore charge separation in P3HT:SWCNT blends. The EPR signal of the P3HT positive polaron increases as the concentration of SWCNT acceptors in a photoexcited P3HT:SWCNT blend is increased, demonstrating long-lived charge separation induced by electron transfer from P3HT to SWCNTs. An EPR signal from reduced SWCNTs was not identified in blends due to the free and fast-relaxing nature of unpaired SWCNT electrons as well as spectral overlap of this EPR signal with the signal from positive P3HT polarons. However, a weak EPR signal was observed in chemically reduced SWNTs, and the g values of this signal are close to those of C70-PCBM anion radical. The anisotropic line shape indicates that these unpaired electrons are not free but instead localized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Niklas
- †Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Josh M Holt
- ‡Chemical and Materials Science Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Pkwy, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Kevin Mistry
- ‡Chemical and Materials Science Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Pkwy, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Garry Rumbles
- ‡Chemical and Materials Science Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Pkwy, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Jeffrey L Blackburn
- ‡Chemical and Materials Science Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Pkwy, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Oleg G Poluektov
- †Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| |
Collapse
|