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Ambrose B, Madhu R, Ramamurthy K, Kathiresan M, Kundu S. Viologen-Cucurbit[7]uril Based Polyrotaxanated Covalent Organic Networks: A Metal Free Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Evolution Reaction. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2402403. [PMID: 38682732 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202402403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Viologen-based covalent organic networks represent a burgeoning class of materials distinguished by their captivating properties. Here, supramolecular chemistry is harnessed to fabricate polyrotaxanated ionic covalent organic polymers (iCOP) through a Schiff-base condensation reaction under solvothermal conditions. The reaction between 1,1'-bis(4-aminophenyl)-[4,4'-bipyridine]-1,1'-diium dichloride (DPV-NH2) and 1,3,5-triformylphloroglucinol (TPG) in various solvents yields an iCOP-1 and iCOP-2. Likewise, employing cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) in the reaction yielded polyrotaxanated iCOPs, denoted as iCOP-CB[7]-1 and iCOP-CB[7]-2. All four iCOPs exhibit exceptional stability under the acidic and basic conditions. iCOP-CB[7]-2 displays outstanding electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER) performance, demanding an overpotential of 296 and 332 mV at 10 and 20 mA cm-2, respectively. Moreover, the CB[7] integrated iCOP-2 exhibits a long-term stable nature for 30 h in 1 m KOH environment. Further, intrinsic activity studies like TOF show a 4.2-fold increase in generation of oxygen (O2) molecules than the bare iCOP-2. Also, it is found that iCOP-CB[7]-2 exhibits a high specific (19.48 mA cm-2) and mass activity (76.74 mA mg-1) at 1.59 V versus RHE. Operando-EIS study evident that iCOP-CB[7]-2 commences OER at a relatively low applied potential of 1.5 V versus RHE. These findings pave the way for a novel approach to synthesizing various mechanically interlocked molecules through straightforward solvothermal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bebin Ambrose
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Electro organic and Materials Electrochemistry (EMED) Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630003, India
| | - Ragunath Madhu
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Electrochemical Process Engineering (EPE) Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630003, India
| | - Kalaivanan Ramamurthy
- Electro organic and Materials Electrochemistry (EMED) Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630003, India
- Centre for Education (CFE), CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630003, India
| | - Murugavel Kathiresan
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Electro organic and Materials Electrochemistry (EMED) Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630003, India
| | - Subrata Kundu
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Electrochemical Process Engineering (EPE) Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630003, India
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2
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Banasz R, Wałęsa-Chorab M. Novel Star-Shaped Viologens Containing Phenyl and Triphenylamine Moieties for Electrochromic Applications. Molecules 2024; 29:2006. [PMID: 38731497 PMCID: PMC11085422 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29092006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The two star-shaped viologens containing 1,3,5-substituted phenyl (1) and triphenylamine (2) central cores and n-hexyl chains were synthesized and characterized. Both compounds exhibited promising optoelectronic properties and underwent multiple oxidation/reduction processes resulting in various colors. Four possible redox states of tripyridium salt containing a phenyl or triphenylamine core can occur depending on the applied potentials. The wide color range, from colorless through blue, azure to green-gray, was observed during the electrochemical reduction of compound 1. In the case of compound 2, the color change observed during spectroelectrochemical measurements was from yellow to colorless during the cathodic process and from yellow to green during the anodic process. The observed color change for both viologens was reversible. The triphenylamine-cored viologen (2) also exhibited emission in visible range and solvatochromism. It also exhibited luminescence in the solid state when excited with a UV lamp. These studies provide insights into the design of advanced materials for applications in displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radosław Banasz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Monika Wałęsa-Chorab
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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Ambrose B, Sathyaraj G, Kathiresan M. Evaluation of the complexation behaviour among functionalized diphenyl viologens and cucurbit[7] and [8]urils. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5786. [PMID: 38461363 PMCID: PMC10924918 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56370-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The complexation behaviour of Diphenyl viologens (DPVs) with Cucurbit[n]urils (CB[n]) was evaluated in detail and the results were reported. In this work, we present the synthesis of various DPVs functionalised with electron withdrawing and electron donating groups (EWGs & EDGs) and investigate their complexation behaviour with CB[7] and CB [8]. Carboxylic acid functionalized DPV's (DPV-COOH) complexation with CB[8] gives additional insights, i.e., indicates hydrogen bonding plays an effective role in the complexation. The formation of a 2:2 quaternary complex of DPV-COOH/CB[8] under neutral pH conditions was supported by various analytical techniques. The complexation of DPVs with CB[7] specifies that irrespective of the functional group attached, they all form a 1:2 ternary complex, but the findings elaborate that the pattern followed in the complexation depends on the EW or EDG attached to the DPVs. The competition experiments conducted between functionalized DPVs and CB[7], CB[8] shows that they have more affinity towards CB[8] than CB[7] because of the better macrocyclic confinement effect of CB[8], as confirmed using UV-Vis spectroscopy. The binding affinity among EWG and EDG functionalised DPVs with CB[8] concludes EDG functionalised DPVs show better affinity towards CB[8], because they can form a charge transfer complex inside the CB[8] cavity. Exploring these host-guest interactions in more complex biological or environmental settings and studying their impact on the functionality of DPVs could be an exciting avenue for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bebin Ambrose
- Electro Organic and Materials Electrochemistry Division, CSIR-CECRI, Tamil Nadu, Karaikudi, 630 003, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Gopal Sathyaraj
- CLRI-CATERS, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Tamil Nadu, Chennai, 600020, India
| | - Murugavel Kathiresan
- Electro Organic and Materials Electrochemistry Division, CSIR-CECRI, Tamil Nadu, Karaikudi, 630 003, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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4
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Liang L, Peng T, Geng XY, Zhu W, Liu C, Peng HQ, Chen BZ, Guo XD. Aggregation-induced emission photosensitizer microneedles for enhanced melanoma photodynamic therapy. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:1263-1273. [PMID: 38247398 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01819a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The incidence and mortality rates of skin melanoma have been increasing annually. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) enables effective destruction of tumor cells while minimizing harm to normal cells. However, traditional photosensitizers (PSs) suffer from photobleaching, photodegradation and the aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) effect, and it is challenging for light to reach the deep layers of the skin to maximize the efficacy of PSs. Herein, we developed dissolving microneedles (MNs) loaded with PSs of TPE-EPy@CB[7] through supramolecular assembly. The PSs effectively enhanced the type-I reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation capacity, with a concentration of 2 μM possessing nearly half of the tumor cell-killing ability under 10 min white light irradiation. The MNs were successfully pierced into the targeted site for precise drug delivery. Additionally, the conical structure of the MNs, as well as the lens-like structure after dissolution, facilitated the transmission of light in the subcutaneous tissue, achieving significant inhibition of tumor growth with a tumor suppression rate of 97.8% and no systemic toxicity or side effects in melanoma mice. The results demonstrated the potent melanoma inhibition and biosafety of this treatment approach, exhibiting a new and promising strategy to conquer malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Liang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Tuokai Peng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xin Yao Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wenping Zhu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chaoyong Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hui-Qing Peng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Bo Zhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xin Dong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
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Escorihuela E, Del Barrio J, Davidson RJ, Beeby A, Low PJ, Prez-Murano F, Cea P, Martin S. Large area arrays of discrete single-molecule junctions derived from host-guest complexes. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:1238-1246. [PMID: 38116590 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05122f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The desire to continually reduce the lower limits of semiconductor integrated circuit (IC) fabrication methods continues to inspire interest in unimolecular electronics as a platform technology for the realization of future (opto)electronic devices. However, despite successes in developing methods for the construction and measurement of single-molecule and large-area molecular junctions, exercising control over the precise junction geometry remains a significant challenge. Here, host-guest complexes of the wire-like viologen derivative 1,1'-bis(4-(methylthio)-phenyl)-[4,4'-bipyridine]-1,1'-diium chloride ([1][Cl]2) and cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) have been self-assembled in a regular pattern over a gold substrate. Subsequently, ligandless gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) synthesized in situ are deposited over the host-guest array. The agreement between the conductance of individual mono-molecular junctions, appropriately chosen as a function of the AuNP diameter, within this array determined by conductive probe atomic force microscope (c-AFM) and true single-molecule measurements for a closely similar host-guest complex within a scanning tunneling microscope break-junction (STM-BJ) indicates the formation of molecular junctions derived from these host-guest complexes without deleterious intermolecular coupling effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Escorihuela
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jesús Del Barrio
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ross J Davidson
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Rd, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Andrew Beeby
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Rd, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Paul J Low
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Francesc Prez-Murano
- Institute of Microelectronics of Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Pilar Cea
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
- Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas (LMA), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Santiago Martin
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
- Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas (LMA), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
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Liu F, Kriat A, Rosas R, Bergé-Lefranc D, Gigmes D, Pascal S, Siri O, Liu S, Kermagoret A, Bardelang D. Controlled oligomeric guest stacking by cucurbiturils in water. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:9433-9442. [PMID: 37991010 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01723k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we reported a guest molecule containing a viologen (V), a phenylene (P) and an imidazole (I) fragment (VPI) forming a host : guest 2 : 2 complex with cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) and an unprecedented 2 : 3 complex with cucurbit[10]uril (CB[10]). To better address the structural features required to form these complexes, two VPI analogues were designed and synthesized: the first with a tolyl (T) group grafted on the V part (T-VPI) and the second with a naphthalene (N) fused on the imidazole (I) part (VPI-N). While VPI-N afforded a discrete well-defined 2 : 2 complex with CB[8] and a 2 : 3 complex with CB[10], T-VPI organized also as a 2 : 2 complex with CB[8] but no well-defined complex was obtained with CB[10]. These complexes were studied by NMR spectroscopy, notably DOSY, which allowed us to estimate binding constants for 2 : 2 complex formation with CB[8], pointing to more stable 2 : 2 complexes with more hydrophobic guests. UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy confirmed complex formation, suggesting host-stabilized charge-transfer interactions. Therefore, the simple addition of CB[8] or CB[10] enabled us to control the level of guest stacking (dimer or trimer) using relevant pairs of synthetic hosts through spontaneous host : guest quaternary or quinary self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengbo Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, People's Republic of China.
| | - Amine Kriat
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, AMUTech, Marseille, France.
| | - Roselyne Rosas
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, FSCM, Spectropole, Marseille, France
| | | | - Didier Gigmes
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, AMUTech, Marseille, France.
| | - Simon Pascal
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CINAM, AMUTech, Marseille, France.
| | - Olivier Siri
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CINAM, AMUTech, Marseille, France.
| | - Simin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, People's Republic of China.
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Kermagoret A, Bardelang D. The Diversity of Cucurbituril Molecular Switches and Shuttles. Chemistry 2023:e202302114. [PMID: 37725407 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Ring translocation switches and shuttles featuring a macrocycle (or a ring molecule) navigating between two or more stations continue to attract attention. While the vast majority of these systems are developed in organic solvents, the cucurbituril (CB) macrocycles are ideally suited to prepare such systems in water. Indeed, their stability and their relatively high affinity for relevant guest molecules are key attributes toward translating the progresses made in organic solvents, into water. This concept article summarizes the findings, key advances and multiple possibilities offered by CBs toward advanced molecular switches and shuttles in water.
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Yin X, Li X, Li X, Biczysko M, Zhu S, Xu J, Bai YL. Isomerization-induced fluorescence enhancement of two new viologen derivatives: mechanism insight and DFT calculations. Chem Sci 2023; 14:7016-7025. [PMID: 37389262 PMCID: PMC10306075 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02051g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The dark-colored viologen radical cations are unstable in air and easily fade, thus greatly limiting their applications. If a suitable substituent is introduced into the structure, it will have the dual function of chromism and luminescence, which will broaden its application field. Here, Vio1·2Cl and Vio2·2Br were synthesized by introducing aromatic acetophenone and naphthophenone substituents into the viologen structure. The keto group (-CH2CO-) on the substituents is prone to isomerize into the enol structure (-CH[double bond, length as m-dash]COH-) in organic solvents, especially in DMSO, resulting in a larger conjugated system to stabilize the molecular structure and enhance fluorescence. The time-dependent fluorescence spectrum shows obvious keto-to-enol isomerization-induced fluorescence enhancement. The quantum yield also increased significantly (T = 1 day, ΦVio1 = 25.81%, ΦVio2 = 41.44%; T = 7 days, ΦVio1 = 31.48%, and ΦVio2 = 54.40%) in DMSO. The NMR and ESI-MS data at different times further confirmed that the fluorescence enhancement was caused by isomerization, and no other fluorescent impurities were produced in solution. DFT calculations show that the enol form is almost coplanar throughout the molecular structure, which is conducive to stabilizing the structure and enhancing fluorescence. The fluorescence emission peaks of the keto and enol structures of Vio12+ and Vio22+ were at 416-417 nm and 563-582 nm, respectively. The fluorescence relative oscillator strength of Vio12+ and Vio22+ enol structures is significantly higher than that of keto structures (f value changes from 1.53 to 2.63 for Vio12+ and from 1.62 to 2.81 for Vio22+), indicating stronger fluorescence emission of the enol structure. The calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental results. Vio1·2Cl and Vio2·2Br are the first examples of isomerization-induced fluorescence enhancement of viologen derivatives, which shows strong solvatofluorochromism under UV light, making up for the disadvantage that it is easy for a viologen radical to fade in air, and providing a new strategy for designing and synthesizing viologen materials with strong fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuping Yin
- College of Science, Shanghai University 99 Shangda Road Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Xinxing Li
- College of Science, Shanghai University 99 Shangda Road Shanghai 200444 China
- International Center for Quantum and Molecular Structures, Department of Physics, College of Science, Shanghai University 99 Shangda Road Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Xuyi Li
- College of Science, Shanghai University 99 Shangda Road Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Malgorzata Biczysko
- College of Science, Shanghai University 99 Shangda Road Shanghai 200444 China
- International Center for Quantum and Molecular Structures, Department of Physics, College of Science, Shanghai University 99 Shangda Road Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Shourong Zhu
- College of Science, Shanghai University 99 Shangda Road Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Jiaqiang Xu
- College of Science, Shanghai University 99 Shangda Road Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Yue-Ling Bai
- College of Science, Shanghai University 99 Shangda Road Shanghai 200444 China
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Wang Q, Wang XF, Sun WQ, Lin RL, Ye MF, Liu JX. Supramolecular Host-Guest Hydrogel Based on γ-Cyclodextrin and Carboxybenzyl Viologen Showing Reversible Photochromism and Photomodulable Fluorescence. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:2479-2485. [PMID: 36583679 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Much effort has been devoted to the development of supramolecular hydrogels due to their broad applications and conveniently controllable properties. Here, we demonstrate a novel supramolecular host-guest hydrogel, which is constructed by the host γ-CD complexed with the guest 1-(4-carboxybenzyl)-4,4'-bipyridinium chloride (1+·Cl-) through the π···π interaction, hydrogen bonding, and host-guest interactions. The supramolecular hydrogel [1+@γ-CD]n exhibits reversible electron transfer photochromic behavior and photomodulable fluorescence. The excellent photochromic and fluorescence properties support the practical utility of the supramolecular hydrogel as a visual display and anti-counterfeiting material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, Anhui 243002, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, Anhui 243002, China
| | - Wen-Qi Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, Anhui 243002, China
| | - Rui-Lian Lin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, Anhui 243002, China
| | - Ming-Fu Ye
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, Anhui 243002, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Jing-Xin Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, Anhui 243002, China
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Zhou J, Zhang R, Lv P, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Yang J, Yang B. Acyclic cucurbit[n]urils-based supramolecular encapsulation for enhancing the protective effect of capsaicin on gastric mucosa and reducing irritation. Int J Pharm 2022; 626:122190. [PMID: 36100146 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Capsaicin (CAP) is an alkaloid isolated from pepper fruit, which possesses various pharmacological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and gastric mucosa protection. However, its inherent poor aqueous solubility and strong irritation impede the further clinical application. In our study, acyclic cucurbit[n]urils (ACBs, M1, M2 and M3) were rationally utilized to prepare a series of CAP inclusion complexes to improve the bioavailability and reduce stimulation. Their properties and inclusion behaviors were further investigated by multiple characterization methods, the data indicated that the inclusion complexes of ACBs/CAP were formed by a stoichiometric ratio of 2:1 with strong binding interaction. After complexation, the solubility of CAP was significantly increased by 12,076 times and its antioxidant activity also increased. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory activity and the ability to prevent gastric mucosal injury were both significantly improved, and the inhibition rate of nitric oxide (NO) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) has been effectively improved while cytotoxicity against human normal hepatocytes cell (LO2), human lung fibroblasts cell (HLF) and the human gastric mucosal cell (GES-1) was greatly attenuated. Confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) images indicated that the complexes could be efficiently internalized by GES-1 cells and primarily located in cytoplasm. In vivo model of mouse, our complexes exhibited excellent biosafety. In summary, our study may provide a promising new strategy for the further clinical application of CAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Zhou
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Ruihao Zhang
- Horticulture Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, PR China
| | - Pin Lv
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China; Industrial Crop Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650205, PR China
| | - Shuqing Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Yazhou Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Jing Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China.
| | - Bo Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China.
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Supramolecular assemblies working as both artificial light-harvesting system and nanoreactor for efficient organic dehalogenation in aqueous environment. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 617:118-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.02.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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12
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Investigating the synthesis and structure of [2]pseudorotaxanes assembled by crown ether as wheel component and dual-cation axle with phosphonium and ammonium cations. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Li Q, Sun JD, Yang B, Wang H, Zhang DW, Ma D, Li ZT. Cucurbit[7]uril-threaded flexible organic frameworks: Quantitative polycatenation through dynamic covalent chemistry. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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14
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Wang Y, Liang RZ, Jia TZ, Cao XL, Wang Q, Cao JR, Li S, Shi Q, Isaacs L, Sun SP. Voltage-Gated Membranes Incorporating Cucurbit[ n]uril Molecular Containers for Molecular Nanofiltration. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:6483-6492. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Rong-Zu Liang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Tian-Zhi Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xue-Li Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jing-Rong Cao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Shuo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Qixun Shi
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Lyle Isaacs
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 United States
| | - Shi-Peng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
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15
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Nie H, Wei Z, Ni XL, Liu Y. Assembly and Applications of Macrocyclic-Confinement-Derived Supramolecular Organic Luminescent Emissions from Cucurbiturils. Chem Rev 2022; 122:9032-9077. [PMID: 35312308 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c01050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cucurbit[n]urils (Q[n]s or CB[n]s), as a classical of artificial organic macrocyclic hosts, were found to have excellent advantages in the fabricating of tunable and smart organic luminescent materials in aqueous media and the solid state with high emitting efficiency under the rigid pumpkin-shaped structure-derived macrocyclic-confinement effect in recent years. This review aims to give a systematically up-to-date overview of the Q[n]-based supramolecular organic luminescent emissions from the confined spaces triggered host-guest complexes, including the assembly fashions and the mechanisms of the macrocycle-based luminescent complexes, as well as their applications. Finally, challenges and outlook are provided. Since this class of Q[n]-based supramolecular organic luminescent emissions, which have essentially derived from the cavity-dependent confinement effect and the resulting assembly fashions, emerged only a few years ago, we hope this review will provide valuable information for the further development of macrocycle-based light-emitting materials and other related research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haigen Nie
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine (Ministry of Educational of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Zhen Wei
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xin-Long Ni
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine (Ministry of Educational of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China.,Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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16
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Wei W, Li J, Yao H, Liu H. A molecular keypad lock with 3-output signals built on stimulus-responsive polymer film electrodes containing diallyl viologen. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.139839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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17
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Miyagishi HV, Masai H, Terao J. Linked Rotaxane Structure Restricts Local Molecular Motions in Solution to Enhance Fluorescence Properties of Tetraphenylethylene. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202103175. [PMID: 34981571 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The restriction of local molecular motions is critical for improving the fluorescence quantum yields (FQYs) and the photostability of fluorescent dyes. Herein, we report a supramolecular approach to enhance the performance of fluorescent dyes by incorporating a linked rotaxane structure with permethylated α-cyclodextrins. Tetraphenylethylene (TPE) derivatives generally exhibit low FQYs in solution due to the molecular motions in the excited state. We show that TPE with linked rotaxane structures on two sides displays up to 15-fold higher FQYs. Detailed investigations with variable temperature 1 H NMR, UV-Vis, and photoluminescence spectroscopy revealed that the linked rotaxane structure rigidifies the TPE moiety and thus suppresses the local molecular motions and non-radiative decay. Moreover, the linked rotaxane structure enhances the FQY of the dye in various solvents, including aqueous solutions, and improves the photostability through the inhibition of local molecular motions in the excited TPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromichi V Miyagishi
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Masai
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - Jun Terao
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
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18
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Yang JF, Tao Z, Redshaw C, Zeng X, Luo H. Color tuning and white light emission based on tetraphenylethylene-functionalized cucurbit[7]uril and FRET triggered by host-guest self-assembly. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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19
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Luo D, Guang L, Lin R, Zhang N, Liu M, Lin R, Sun W, Liu J. Chromic Properties of Carboxyphenyl Viologen Induced by Complexation in Cucurbit[7]uril. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202100218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Luo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui University of Technology Maanshan 243002 China
| | - Long‐Yu Guang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui University of Technology Maanshan 243002 China
| | - Rong‐Guang Lin
- College of Life Sciences Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou 350002 China
| | - Ning‐Ning Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Liaocheng University Liaocheng 252000 China
| | - Mei‐Chen Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui University of Technology Maanshan 243002 China
| | - Rui‐Lian Lin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui University of Technology Maanshan 243002 China
| | - Wen‐Qi Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui University of Technology Maanshan 243002 China
| | - Jing‐Xin Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui University of Technology Maanshan 243002 China
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20
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Yang X, Cheng Q, Monnier V, Charles L, Karoui H, Ouari O, Gigmes D, Wang R, Kermagoret A, Bardelang D. Guest Exchange by a Partial Energy Ratchet in Water. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- Aix Marseille Univ CNRS ICR Marseille France
| | - Qian Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences University of Macau Avenida da Universidade Taipa Macau China
| | - Valerie Monnier
- Aix Marseille Univ CNRS Centrale Marseille, FSCM Spectropole Marseille France
| | | | | | | | | | - Ruibing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences University of Macau Avenida da Universidade Taipa Macau China
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21
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Yang X, Cheng Q, Monnier V, Charles L, Karoui H, Ouari O, Gigmes D, Wang R, Kermagoret A, Bardelang D. Guest Exchange by a Partial Energy Ratchet in Water. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:6617-6623. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- Aix Marseille Univ CNRS ICR Marseille France
| | - Qian Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences University of Macau Avenida da Universidade Taipa Macau China
| | - Valerie Monnier
- Aix Marseille Univ CNRS Centrale Marseille, FSCM Spectropole Marseille France
| | | | | | | | | | - Ruibing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences University of Macau Avenida da Universidade Taipa Macau China
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22
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Fluorescence enhancement and cytotoxicity reduction of bis-viologen biphenyl by complexation of cucurbit[7]uril. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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23
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Liu Q, Liu L, Yu CM, Li PX, Guo GC. Two viologen-based photoluminescent compounds: excitation-wavelength-dependent and photoirradiation-time-dependent photoluminescent switches. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce00072a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We synthesized two isostructural multi-coloured photoluminescent coordination polymers. They exhibit excitation-wavelength-dependent photoluminescence emission and photoirradiation-time-dependent photoluminescence emission in solid-state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou
- P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
| | - Lu Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou
- P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
| | - Cao-Ming Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Pei-Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Guo-Cong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
- P. R. China
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24
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Baranowska K, Mońka M, Kowalczyk A, Szpakowska N, Kaczyński Z, Bojarski P, Józefowicz M. Spectroscopic studies of the excited-state intramolecular proton and electron transfer processes of methyl benzoate derivatives in cucurbit[7]uril nanocage. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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25
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Wu G, Huang Z, Scherman OA. Quantitative Supramolecular Heterodimerization for Efficient Energy Transfer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:15963-15967. [PMID: 32495447 PMCID: PMC7540262 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The challenge of quantitatively forming self-assembled heterodimers without other equilibrium by-products is overcome through self-sorting favored by the introduction of designed shape-complementary moieties. Such a supramolecular strategy based on cucurbit[8]uril-directed dimerization is further applied to generate hetero-chromophore dimers quantitatively, leading to efficient energy transfer (>85 %) upon photoexcitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglu Wu
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer SynthesisDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Zehuan Huang
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer SynthesisDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Oren A. Scherman
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer SynthesisDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
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26
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Zheng Y, Kaifer AE. Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Binding between Zwitterionic Viologen Guests and the Cucurbit[7]uril Host. J Org Chem 2020; 85:10240-10244. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yeting Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33124, United States
| | - Angel E. Kaifer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33124, United States
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27
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Wu G, Huang Z, Scherman OA. Quantitative Supramolecular Heterodimerization for Efficient Energy Transfer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guanglu Wu
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Zehuan Huang
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Oren A. Scherman
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
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28
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Delouche T, Vacher A, Caytan E, Roisnel T, Le Guennic B, Jacquemin D, Hissler M, Bouit P. Multi‐Stage Redox Systems Based on Dicationic P‐Containing Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Chemistry 2020; 26:8226-8229. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elsa Caytan
- CNRS, ISCR—UMR 6226Univ Rennes 35000 Rennes France
| | | | | | - Denis Jacquemin
- CEISAM UMR CNRS 6230University of Nantes 44322 Nantes France
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29
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Xia D, Wang P, Ji X, Khashab NM, Sessler JL, Huang F. Functional Supramolecular Polymeric Networks: The Marriage of Covalent Polymers and Macrocycle-Based Host–Guest Interactions. Chem Rev 2020; 120:6070-6123. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danyu Xia
- Scientific Instrument Center, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, P. R. China
| | - Pi Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofan Ji
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Niveen M. Khashab
- Smart Hybrid Materials (SHMS) Laboratory, Chemical Science Program, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jonathan L. Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Feihe Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
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30
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Zhang D, Hou LK, Zhang Q, He JW, Feng HJ, Würthner F, Yang XJ, Wu B. Anion-Coordination-Assisted Assembly of Supramolecular Charge-Transfer Complexes Based on Tris(urea) Ligands. Chemistry 2020; 26:1414-1421. [PMID: 31762095 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Charge-transfer (CT) complexes, formed by noncovalent bonding between electron-rich (donor, D) and electron-deficient (acceptor, A) molecules (or moieties) have attracted considerable attention due to their fascinating structures and potential applications. Herein, we demonstrate that anion coordination is a promising strategy to promote CT complex formation between anion-binding, electron-rich tris(urea) donor ligands (D) and electron-deficient viologen cation acceptors (A), which form co-crystals featuring infinite ⋅⋅⋅DADA⋅⋅⋅ or discrete (circular DADA or three-decker DAD) π-stacking interactions. These CT complexes were studied by X-ray diffraction, UV/Vis spectroscopy, electric conductivity measurements, charge displacement curve (CDC) calculations, and DFT computations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of, the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
| | - Le-Kai Hou
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of, the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- School of Physics, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Wei He
- School of Physics, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Jian Feng
- School of Physics, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
| | - Frank Würthner
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry & Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Xiao-Juan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of, the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
| | - Biao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of, the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
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31
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Song D, Li B, Li X, Sun X, Li J, Li C, Xu T, Zhu Y, Li F, Wang N. Orthogonal Supramolecular Assembly Triggered by Inclusion and Exclusion Interactions with Cucurbit[7]uril for Photocatalytic H 2 Evolution. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:394-399. [PMID: 31682086 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201902668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of efficient and convenient photocatalytic H2 evolution systems is a fascinating research topic in the field of solar energy conversion. A ternary self-assembled photocatalytic H2 evolution system was fabricated through supramolecular host-guest chemistry. The system consisted of the H2 evolution catalyst [Co(dmgH)2 (4-ppy)2 ]NO3 (1; dmgH2 =dimethylglyoxime, 4-ppy=4-phenylpyridine) and the photosensitizer Eosin Y (EY) assembled with the macrocyclic compound cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) to form the 1@CB[7]/EY complex through inclusion and exclusion interactions, respectively. The synchronous self-assembly drives an orthogonal arrangement of the 1@CB[7]/EY system. The inclusion complex 1@CB[7] was successfully characterized by 1 H NMR spectroscopy and single-crystal XRD. The exclusion process of CB[7] with EY was identified by NMR titration and the optimized geometry of the exclusion structure was determined by DFT calculations. The use of CB[7] resulted in a 6-fold increase in turnover number, a 3-fold increase in turnover frequency, and a 3-fold extension of lifetime for photocatalytic H2 evolution as compared with the system in the absence of CB[7]. The improvement of the light-driven H2 evolution activity was ascribed to the ability of CB[7] to link the photosensitizer and catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengmeng Song
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P.R. China
| | - Bo Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, P.R. China
| | - Xin Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, P.R. China
| | - Xuzhuo Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, P.R. China
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P.R. China
| | - Chengbo Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P.R. China
| | - Tongyu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P.R. China
| | - Yong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, DUT-KTH Joint Education and Research Center on Molecular Devices, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P.R. China
| | - Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, DUT-KTH Joint Education and Research Center on Molecular Devices, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P.R. China
| | - Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, DUT-KTH Joint Education and Research Center on Molecular Devices, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P.R. China
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32
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Papadakis R. Mono- and Di-Quaternized 4,4'-Bipyridine Derivatives as Key Building Blocks for Medium- and Environment-Responsive Compounds and Materials. Molecules 2019; 25:molecules25010001. [PMID: 31861256 PMCID: PMC6982771 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Mono- and di-quaternized 4,4'-bipyridine derivatives constitute a family of heterocyclic compounds, which in recent years have been employed in numerous applications. These applications correspond to various disciplines of research and technology. In their majority, two key features of these 4,4'-bipyridine-based derivatives are exploited: their redox activity and their electrochromic aptitude. Contemporary materials and compounds encompassing these skeletons as building blocks are often characterized as multifunctional, as their presence often gives rise to interesting phenomena, e.g., various types of chromism. This research trend is acknowledged, and, in this review article, recent examples of multifunctional chromic materials/compounds of this class are presented. Emphasis is placed on solvent-/medium- and environment-responsive 4,4'-bipyridine derivatives. Two important classes of 4,4'-bipyridine-based products with solvatochromic and/or environment-responsive character are reviewed: viologens (i.e., N,N'-disubstituted derivatives) and monoquats (i.e., monosubstituted 4,4'-bipyridine derivatives). The multifunctional nature of these derivatives is analyzed and structure-property relations are discussed in connection to the role of these derivatives in various novel applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaello Papadakis
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, 15780 Athens, Greece; ; Tel.: +46-728-368-595
- Department of Chemistry—Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
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33
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Mal A, Vijayakumar S, Mishra RK, Jacob J, Pillai RS, Dileep Kumar BS, Ajayaghosh A. Supramolecular Surface Charge Regulation in Ionic Covalent Organic Nanosheets: Reversible Exfoliation and Controlled Bacterial Growth. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201912363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Mal
- Photoscience and Photonics Section Chemical Science and Technology Division CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST) Thiruvananthapuram 695019 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Samiyappan Vijayakumar
- Photoscience and Photonics Section Chemical Science and Technology Division CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST) Thiruvananthapuram 695019 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Rakesh K. Mishra
- Photoscience and Photonics Section Chemical Science and Technology Division CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST) Thiruvananthapuram 695019 India
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology, Uttarakhand (NITUK) Srinagar (Garhwal) 246174 India
| | - Jubi Jacob
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
- Agro-Processing and Technology Division CSIR-NIIST Thiruvananthapuram 695019 India
| | - Renjith S. Pillai
- Photoscience and Photonics Section Chemical Science and Technology Division CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST) Thiruvananthapuram 695019 India
| | - B. S. Dileep Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
- Agro-Processing and Technology Division CSIR-NIIST Thiruvananthapuram 695019 India
| | - Ayyappanpillai Ajayaghosh
- Photoscience and Photonics Section Chemical Science and Technology Division CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST) Thiruvananthapuram 695019 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
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Mal A, Vijayakumar S, Mishra RK, Jacob J, Pillai RS, Dileep Kumar BS, Ajayaghosh A. Supramolecular Surface Charge Regulation in Ionic Covalent Organic Nanosheets: Reversible Exfoliation and Controlled Bacterial Growth. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:8713-8719. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201912363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Mal
- Photoscience and Photonics Section Chemical Science and Technology Division CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST) Thiruvananthapuram 695019 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Samiyappan Vijayakumar
- Photoscience and Photonics Section Chemical Science and Technology Division CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST) Thiruvananthapuram 695019 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Rakesh K. Mishra
- Photoscience and Photonics Section Chemical Science and Technology Division CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST) Thiruvananthapuram 695019 India
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology, Uttarakhand (NITUK) Srinagar (Garhwal) 246174 India
| | - Jubi Jacob
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
- Agro-Processing and Technology Division CSIR-NIIST Thiruvananthapuram 695019 India
| | - Renjith S. Pillai
- Photoscience and Photonics Section Chemical Science and Technology Division CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST) Thiruvananthapuram 695019 India
| | - B. S. Dileep Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
- Agro-Processing and Technology Division CSIR-NIIST Thiruvananthapuram 695019 India
| | - Ayyappanpillai Ajayaghosh
- Photoscience and Photonics Section Chemical Science and Technology Division CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST) Thiruvananthapuram 695019 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
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35
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Wu G, Bae YJ, Olesińska M, Antón-García D, Szabó I, Rosta E, Wasielewski MR, Scherman OA. Controlling the structure and photophysics of fluorophore dimers using multiple cucurbit[8]uril clampings. Chem Sci 2019; 11:812-825. [PMID: 34123057 PMCID: PMC8146025 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04587b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A modular strategy has been employed to develop a new class of fluorescent molecules, which generates discrete, dimeric stacked fluorophores upon complexation with multiple cucurbit[8]uril macrocycles. The multiple constraints result in a “static” complex (remaining as a single entity for more than 30 ms) and facilitate fluorophore coupling in the ground state, showing a significant bathochromic shift in absorption and emission. This modular design is surprisingly applicable and flexible and has been validated through an investigation of nine different fluorophore cores ranging in size, shape, and geometric variation of their clamping modules. All fluorescent dimers evaluated can be photo-excited to atypical excimer-like states with elongated excited lifetimes (up to 37 ns) and substantially high quantum yields (up to 1). This strategy offers a straightforward preparation of discrete fluorophore dimers, providing promising model systems with explicitly stable dimeric structures and tunable photophysical features, which can be utilized to study various intermolecular processes. Dimerisation of a wide range of fluorophores through multiple CB[8] clampings leads to constrained intracomplex motion and distinct photophysical properties.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglu Wu
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Youn Jue Bae
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208-3113 USA
| | - Magdalena Olesińska
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Daniel Antón-García
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - István Szabó
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London 7 Trinity Street London SE1 1DB UK
| | - Edina Rosta
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London 7 Trinity Street London SE1 1DB UK
| | - Michael R Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208-3113 USA
| | - Oren A Scherman
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
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36
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Wu G, Szabó I, Rosta E, Scherman OA. Cucurbit[8]uril-mediated pseudo[2,3]rotaxanes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:13227-13230. [PMID: 31631210 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc07144j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Pseudo[2,3]rotaxanes have been successfully fabricated by the complexation of cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) macrocycles with extended viologen derivatives. Two design rules enable the incorporation of a third CB[8] onto a recently reported pseudo[2,2]rotaxane. Incorporation of a third macrocycle confines the dimeric stacking of chromophores into specific alignment, leading to effective electron-delocalisation along their long molecular axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglu Wu
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
| | - István Szabó
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London, 7 Trinity Street, London, SE1 1DB, UK
| | - Edina Rosta
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London, 7 Trinity Street, London, SE1 1DB, UK
| | - Oren A Scherman
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
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37
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Jana P, Mukherjee T, Khurana R, Barooah N, Soppina V, Mohanty J, Kanvah S. Fluorescence enhancement of cationic styrylcoumarin-cucurbit[7]uril complexes: Enhanced stability and cellular membrane localization. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.112062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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38
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Cetin MM, Beldjoudi Y, Roy I, Anamimoghadam O, Bae YJ, Young RM, Krzyaniak MD, Stern CL, Philp D, Alsubaie FM, Wasielewski MR, Stoddart JF. Combining Intra- and Intermolecular Charge Transfer with Polycationic Cyclophanes To Design 2D Tessellations. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:18727-18739. [PMID: 31580664 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b07877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fehaid M. Alsubaie
- Joint Center of Excellence in Integrated Nanosystems, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 11442, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - J. Fraser Stoddart
- Institute of Molecular Design and Synthesis, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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39
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Das G, Sharma SK, Prakasam T, Gándara F, Mathew R, Alkhatib N, Saleh N, Pasricha R, Olsen JC, Baias M, Kirmizialtin S, Jagannathan R, Trabolsi A. A polyrotaxanated covalent organic network based on viologen and cucurbit[7]uril. Commun Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1038/s42004-019-0207-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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40
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Mori T, Yoshigoe Y, Kuninobu Y. Control of Multicolor and White Emission by Adjusting the Equilibrium between Fluorophores, Lewis Acids, and Their Complexes in Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:14457-14461. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201903408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Mori
- Department of Molecular and Material Sciences Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences Kyushu University 6-1 Kasugakoen, Kasuga-shi Fukuoka 816-8580 Japan
| | - Yusuke Yoshigoe
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering Kyushu University 6-1 Kasugakoen, Kasuga-shi Fukuoka 816-8580 Japan
| | - Yoichiro Kuninobu
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering Kyushu University 6-1 Kasugakoen, Kasuga-shi Fukuoka 816-8580 Japan
- Department of Molecular and Material Sciences Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences Kyushu University 6-1 Kasugakoen, Kasuga-shi Fukuoka 816-8580 Japan
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41
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Mori T, Yoshigoe Y, Kuninobu Y. Control of Multicolor and White Emission by Adjusting the Equilibrium between Fluorophores, Lewis Acids, and Their Complexes in Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201903408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Mori
- Department of Molecular and Material Sciences Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences Kyushu University 6-1 Kasugakoen, Kasuga-shi Fukuoka 816-8580 Japan
| | - Yusuke Yoshigoe
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering Kyushu University 6-1 Kasugakoen, Kasuga-shi Fukuoka 816-8580 Japan
| | - Yoichiro Kuninobu
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering Kyushu University 6-1 Kasugakoen, Kasuga-shi Fukuoka 816-8580 Japan
- Department of Molecular and Material Sciences Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences Kyushu University 6-1 Kasugakoen, Kasuga-shi Fukuoka 816-8580 Japan
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42
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Olesińska M, Wu G, Gómez-Coca S, Antón-García D, Szabó I, Rosta E, Scherman OA. Modular supramolecular dimerization of optically tunable extended aryl viologens. Chem Sci 2019; 10:8806-8811. [PMID: 31803453 PMCID: PMC6849629 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc03057c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) mediated assembly of extended aryl viologens (EVs) into optically tunable dimers is reported for the first time.
Cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) mediated assembly of extended aryl viologens (EVs) into optically tunable dimers is reported for the first time. We show that the modular design and synthesis of a new class of π-conjugated viologen derivatives with rigid aromatic or heteroaromatic bridging units as well as electron donating molecular recognition motifs enable their self-assembly into 2 : 2 complexes with CB[8]. The quantitative dimerization process involving these two molecular components in an aqueous solution enables excimer-like interactions between closely packed charged guests giving rise to distinct spectroscopic behavior. The nature of these dimers (CB[8]2·(EV[X]R)2) in the ground and excited states was characterized by NMR, isothermal titration calorimetry, and steady-state spectroscopic measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Olesińska
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis , Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge , CB2 1EW , UK .
| | - Guanglu Wu
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis , Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge , CB2 1EW , UK .
| | - Silvia Gómez-Coca
- Department of Chemistry , King's College London , 7 Trinity Street , London , SE1 1DB , UK
| | - Daniel Antón-García
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , UK
| | - Istvan Szabó
- Department of Chemistry , King's College London , 7 Trinity Street , London , SE1 1DB , UK
| | - Edina Rosta
- Department of Chemistry , King's College London , 7 Trinity Street , London , SE1 1DB , UK
| | - Oren A Scherman
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis , Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge , CB2 1EW , UK .
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43
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Kim MK, Shee NK, Lee J, Yoon M, Kim HJ. Photoinduced electron transfer upon supramolecular complexation of (porphyrinato)Sn-viologen with cucurbit[7]uril. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:1996-2002. [PMID: 31257380 DOI: 10.1039/c9pp00145j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of (porphyrinato)Sn-viologen, 1, and its supramolecular complexation with cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) were studied. 1H NMR spectroscopic studies obviously reveal that 1 forms a 1 : 2 supramolecular complex with CB[7] through the inclusion of viologen moieties of 1 into the cavity of CB[7]. The cyclic voltammetric study supports that the binding affinity of the radical cation forms is comparable to that of the di-cation viologen toward CB[7]. The fluorescence arising from the porphyrin moiety is significantly quenched upon the complexation of 1 with CB[7]. The ps-time-resolved fluorescence and ns-transient absorption spectroscopic studies reveal that the photoinduced electron transfer (PET) between viologen and Sn(iv) porphyrin of 1 takes place from the first excited singlet (S1) state and the second excited triplet (T2) state of the porphyrin moiety upon complexation with CB[7], while the PET from the S1 state is negligible in the absence of CB[7].
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Kyoung Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Republic of Korea.
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44
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Tcyrulnikov NA, Varadharajan R, Tikhomirova AA, Pattabiraman M, Ramamurthy V, Wilson RM. Modulation of Reduction Potentials of Bis(pyridinium)alkane Dications through Encapsulation within Cucurbit[7]uril. J Org Chem 2019; 84:8759-8765. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai A. Tcyrulnikov
- Center for Photochemical Sciences and Chemistry Department, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, United States
| | - Ramkumar Varadharajan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Anastasiia A. Tikhomirova
- Center for Photochemical Sciences and Chemistry Department, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, United States
| | - Mahesh Pattabiraman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Kearney, Nebraska 68849, United States
| | | | - R. Marshall Wilson
- Center for Photochemical Sciences and Chemistry Department, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, United States
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45
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Schoder S, Schröder HV, Cera L, Puttreddy R, Güttler A, Resch‐Genger U, Rissanen K, Schalley CA. Strong Emission Enhancement in pH‐Responsive 2:2 Cucurbit[8]uril Complexes. Chemistry 2019; 25:3257-3261. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201806337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Schoder
- Institut für Chemie und BiochemieFreie Universität Berlin Takustrasse 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Hendrik V. Schröder
- Institut für Chemie und BiochemieFreie Universität Berlin Takustrasse 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Luca Cera
- Institut für Chemie und BiochemieFreie Universität Berlin Takustrasse 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Rakesh Puttreddy
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Jyvaskyla P.O. Box 35 40014 Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Arne Güttler
- Fachbereich 1.2–BiophotonikBundesanstalt für, Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) Richard-Willstätter-Strasse 11 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Ute Resch‐Genger
- Fachbereich 1.2–BiophotonikBundesanstalt für, Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) Richard-Willstätter-Strasse 11 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Kari Rissanen
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Jyvaskyla P.O. Box 35 40014 Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Christoph A. Schalley
- Institut für Chemie und BiochemieFreie Universität Berlin Takustrasse 3 14195 Berlin Germany
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46
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Alzard RH, Bufaroosha MS, Al-Shamsi N, Sohail A, Al-Dubaili N, Salem AA, Abdou IM, Saleh N. Solubilization of Pyridone-Based Fluorescent Tag by Complexation in Cucurbit[7]uril. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:953-960. [PMID: 31459370 PMCID: PMC6648827 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Aimed at further exploring the hosting properties of cucurbit[7]uril (CB7), we have exploited the spectroscopic and photophysical properties of a known fluorescent label as the guest molecule, namely, 3-cyano-6-(2-thienyl)-4-trifluoromethyl pyridine (TFP), in neat solvents. The formation of an inclusion host-guest complex with CB7 was checked by UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, and the value of binding constant (9.7 × 105 M-1) was extracted from the spectrophotometric data. The modulation of keto-enol equilibrium in TFP by the local environment is governed by the interplay between dimerization through intermolecular hydrogen bonding between individual solute molecules, favoring the enol form, and intermolecular hydrogen bonding between TFP and the surrounding solvents, favoring the keto form. Time-resolved fluorescence results established that the macromolecular CB7 host stabilizes preferentially the neutral enol form over the keto form of TFP. Unprecedentedly, our results reveal a linear dependence of the amplitudes of the extracted decay-associated spectra from the time-resolved fluorescence spectra of TFP on the sum of polarity/polarizability and hydrogen bonding parameters of the local environment, confirming that TFP at micromolar concentration in the CB7 complexes is experiencing a methanol-like environment. The results rationalized the 42-fold enhancement in the solubility of TFP in water media by complexation in CB7.
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47
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Self-assembled (pseudo)rotaxane and polyrotaxane through host–guest chemistry based on the cucurbituril family. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-018-0828-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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48
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Ahmed SA, Seth (Duley) S, Gautam RK, Seth D. Inclusion of a coumarin derivative inside the macrocyclic hosts: A spectroscopic, thermodynamic and theoretical investigation. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.05.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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49
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Xia Y, Chen S, Ni XL. White Light Emission from Cucurbituril-Based Host-Guest Interaction in the Solid State: New Function of the Macrocyclic Host. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:13048-13052. [PMID: 29589744 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b02573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Energy transfer and interchange are central for fabricating white light-emitting organic materials. However, increasing the efficiency of light energy transfer remains a considerable challenge because of the occurrence of "cross talk". In this work, by exploiting the unique photophysical properties of cucurbituril-triggered host-guest interactions, the two complementary luminescent colors blue and yellow for white light emission were independently obtained from a single fluorophore dye rather than energy transfer. Further study suggested that the rigid cavity of cucurbiturils efficiently prevented the aggregation of the dye and improved its thermal stability in the solid state by providing a regular nanosized fence for each encapsulated dye molecule. As a result, a novel macrocycle-assisted supramolecular approach for obtaining solid, white light-emitting organic materials with low cost, high efficiency, and easy scale-up was successfully demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xia
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province , Guizhou University , Guiyang , Guizhou 550025 , China
| | - Shiyan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province , Guizhou University , Guiyang , Guizhou 550025 , China
| | - Xin-Long Ni
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province , Guizhou University , Guiyang , Guizhou 550025 , China
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50
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Mokhtar MS, Suliman FO, Elbashir AA. The binding interaction of imazapyr with cucurbit[n]uril (n=6-8): Combined experimental and molecular modeling study. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 194:67-75. [PMID: 29328953 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The inclusion complexes of imazapyr (IMA) with cucurbit[n]uril, CB[n] (n=6-8), have been investigated. Fluorescence spectroscopy, MALDI-TOF, and 1HNMR were used to investigate and characterize the inclusion complexation of IMA and CB[n] in solutions. Whereas the solid state complexes have been characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). IMA was found to form 1:1 complexes with CB[n] with association constants ranging from 5.80×102-2.65×103. The guest molecule IMA was found to encapsulate into the larger cavities of CB[7] and CB[8], whereas with CB[6] the molecule remains outside the cavity. Molecular dynamic (MD) simulations were used to follow the inclusion process at an atomistic level to study the mechanism and stability of inclusion. The results obtained showed that inclusion complexes of IMA with both CB[7] and CB[8] are highly stable in aqueous media, but the CB[6] smaller cavity size prohibited the formation of an inclusion complex with IMA. The results clearly show that in addition to hydrophobic effects the presence of hydrogen bonding has added greatly to the stability of these complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maali Saad Mokhtar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Box 36, Al-Khod 123, Oman; Department of Chemistry, Box 321, Faculty of Science, Khartoum University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - FakhrEldin O Suliman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Box 36, Al-Khod 123, Oman.
| | - Abdalla A Elbashir
- Department of Chemistry, Box 321, Faculty of Science, Khartoum University, Khartoum, Sudan
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