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Choudhury A, Santra S, Ghosh D. Understanding the Photoprocesses in Biological Systems: Need for Accurate Multireference Treatment. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:4951-4964. [PMID: 38864715 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.4c00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Light-matter interaction is crucial to life itself and revolves around many of the central processes in biology. The need for understanding these photochemical and photophysical processes cannot be overemphasized. Interaction of light with biological systems starts with the absorption of light and subsequent phenomena that occur in the excited states of the system. However, excited states are typically difficult to understand within the mean field approximation of quantum chemical methods. Therefore, suitable multireference methods and methodologies have been developed to understand these phenomena. In this Perspective, we will describe a few methods and methodologies suitable for these descriptions and discuss some persisting difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpan Choudhury
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Supriyo Santra
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Debashree Ghosh
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
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Shi W, Ma J, Jiang C, Taketsugu T. Advanced theoretical design of light-driven molecular rotary motors: enhancing thermal helix inversion and visible-light activation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:15672-15680. [PMID: 38766713 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00037d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we have advanced the field of light-driven molecular rotary motors (LDMRMs) by achieving two pivotal goals: lowering the thermal helix inversion (THI) barrier and extending the absorption wavelength into the visible spectrum. This study involves the structural reengineering of a second-generation visible LDMRM, resulting in the synthesis of a novel class, specifically, 2-((2S)-5-methoxy-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]naphthalen-1-yl)-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-dibenzo[e,g]indole-6,9-dicarbonitrile. This redesigned motor stands out with its two photoisomerization stages and two thermal helix inversions, featuring exceptionally low THI barriers (4.00 and 2.05 kcal mol-1 at the OM2/MRCI level for the EM → EP and ZM → ZP processes, respectively). Moreover, it displays absorption wavelengths in the visible light range (482.98 and 465.76 nm for the EP and ZP isomers, respectively, at the TD-PBE0-D3/6-31G(d,p) level), surpassing its predecessors in efficiency, as indicated by the narrow HOMO-LUMO energy gap. Ultrafast photoisomerization kinetics (approximately 0.8-1.6 ps) and high quantum yields (around 0.3-0.6) were observed through trajectory surface hopping simulations. Additionally, the simulated time-resolved fluorescence emission spectrum indicates a significantly reduced "dark state" duration (0.09-0.26 ps) in these newly designed LDMRMs compared to the original ones, marking a substantial leap forward in the design and efficiency of LDMRMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiliang Shi
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Jianzheng Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Quantum Optoelectronic Devices, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Chenwei Jiang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Quantum Optoelectronic Devices, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Tetsuya Taketsugu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
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Liu XY, Wang SR, Fang WH, Cui G. Nuclear Quantum Effects on Nonadiabatic Dynamics of a Green Fluorescent Protein Chromophore Analogue: Ring-Polymer Surface-Hopping Simulation. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:3426-3439. [PMID: 38656202 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.4c00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we have used the "on-the-fly" ring-polymer surface-hopping simulation method with the centroid approximation (RPSH-CA), in combination with the multireference OM2/MRCI electronic structure calculations to study the photoinduced dynamics of a green fluorescent protein (GFP) chromophore analogue in the gas phase, i.e., o-HBI, at 50, 100, and 300 K with 1, 5, 10, and 15 beads (3600 1 ps trajectories). The electronic structure calculations identified five new minimum-energy conical intersection (MECI) structures, which, together with the previous one, play crucial roles in the excited-state decay dynamics of o-HBI. It is also found that the excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) occurs in an ultrafast manner and is completed within 20 fs in all the simulation conditions because there is no barrier associated with this ESIPT process in the S1 state. However, the other excited-state dynamical results are strongly related to the number of beads. At 50 and 100 K, the nuclear quantum effects (NQEs) are very important; therefore, the excited-state dynamical results change significantly with the bead number. For example, the S1 decay time deduced from time-dependent state populations becomes longer as the bead number increases. Nevertheless, an essentially convergent trend is observed when the bead number is close to 10. In contrast, at 300 K, the NQEs become weaker and the above dynamical results converge very quickly even with 1 bead. Most importantly, the NQEs seriously affect the excited-state decay mechanism of o-HBI. At 50 and 100 K, most trajectories decay to the S0 state via perpendicular keto MECIs, whereas, at 300 K, only twisted keto MECIs are responsible for the excited-state decay. The present work not only comprehensively explores the temperature-dependent photoinduced dynamics of o-HBI, but also demonstrates the importance and necessity of NQEs in nonadiabatic dynamics simulations, especially at relatively low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Yang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Sheng-Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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Wu J, Zhang X, Xia J, Zhou Z, Xia SH. Mechanistic Insights into the Excited-State Intramolecular Proton Transfer (ESIPT) Process of 2-(2-Aminophenyl)naphthalene. J Phys Chem A 2024. [PMID: 38709493 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The 2-(2-aminophenyl)naphthalene molecule attracted much attention due to excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) from an amino NH2 group to a carbon atom of an adjacent aromatic ring. The ESIPT mechanisms of 2-(2-aminophenyl)naphthalene are still unclear. Herein, the decay pathways of this molecule in vacuum were investigated by combining static electronic structure calculations and nonadiabatic dynamics simulations. The calculations indicated the existence of two stable structures (S0-1 and S0-2) in the S0 and S1 states. For the S0-1 isomer, upon excitation to the Franck-Condon point, the system relaxed to the S1 minimum quickly, and then there exist four decay pathways (two ESIPT ones and two decay channels with C atom pyramidalization). In the ESIPT decay pathways, the system encounters the S1S0-PT-1 or S1S0-PT-2 conical intersection, which funnels the system rapidly to the S0 state. In the other two pathways, the system de-excited from the S1 to the S0 state via the S1S0-1 or S1S0-2 conical intersection. For the S0-2 structure, the decay pathways were similar to those of S0-1. The dynamics simulations showed that 75 and 69% of trajectories experienced the two ESIPT conical intersections for the S0-1 and S0-2 structures, respectively. Our simulations showed that the lifetime of the S1 state of S0-1 (S0-2) is estimated to be 358 (400) fs. Notably, we not only found the detailed reaction mechanism of the system but also found that the different ground-state configurations of this system have little effect on the reaction mechanism in vacuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Wu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jinglin Xia
- Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Zihao Zhou
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shu-Hua Xia
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
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Tang X, Zhang Y, Sun C. Effect of external electric fields on the ESDPT process and photophysical properties of 1,8-dihydroxy-2-naphthaldehyde. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:10439-10448. [PMID: 38502564 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp06175b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
In this work, by capitalizing on the density functional theory (DFT) and the time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) methods, it has been systematically studied that the excited state double intramolecular proton transfer (ESDPT) process and the photophysical properties of 1,8-dihydroxy-2-naphthaldehyde (DHNA) are affected by the distinct external electric fields (EEFs). The obtained intramolecular hydrogen bond (IHB) parameters containing bond lengths and angles, as well as infrared (IR) vibrational spectra demonstrate that IHB strength changes in the distinct EEFs. Moreover, not only do the potential energy surfaces (PESs) indicate that the ESDPT process of DHNA is stepwise, but also increasing the positive EEF results in a decrease in the energy barrier accordingly, while vice versa. The absorption and fluorescence spectra also undergo a corresponding red or blue shift in the EEF; for instance, when the EEF changes from +10 × 10-4 a.u. to +20 × 10-4 a.u., the fluorescence peak undergoes a blue shift from 602 nm to 513 nm in the keto2 form. In a nutshell, the ESDPT process of DHNA can be influenced by the EEF, which will serve as a reference in regulating and controlling proton transfer that causes luminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhu Tang
- College of Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Yajie Zhang
- College of Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Chaofan Sun
- College of Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China.
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Wu J, He J, Wang W, Chen X, Xia SH. Excited-state relaxation mechanisms of 2,2'-(1-phenyl-1 H-1,2,4-triazole-3,5-diyl)diphenol: single- or double-proton transfer? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:30679-30686. [PMID: 37933753 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02680a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Triazole compounds are important organic systems with excellent electronic properties, which have diagnostic potential in the fields of organic electronics and organic photovoltaics. The important photophysical nature of these systems is the transformation between the enol and keto forms after excited-state proton transfer. In this study, the IR vibrational spectrum, ESIPT mechanism, and excited-state decay dynamics of 2,2'-(1-phenyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3,5-diyl)diphenol (ExPh) were explored using electronic structure calculations and non-adiabatic dynamics simulations. Two S1/S0 conical intersections with distinct proton transfer (ESIPT-I and ESIPT-II) involved were obtained. The associated two-dimensional S1 minimum-energy potential energy surface indicated that the dynamical roles of these two S1/S0 conical intersections in the S1 excited-state decay were quite different. The ESIPT-I reaction was more favorable to occur than the ESIPT-II process. Our dynamics simulations supported this hypothesis with the whole trajectories decaying to the ground state via the S1S0-1 conical intersection, which involved the ESIPT-I process. The ESIPT-Involved efficient deactivation pathway could be partially responsible for the decrease in fluorescence emission. These results and ESIPT mechanisms are helpful for understanding the decay pathways of similar systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Wu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Jihuan He
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Xiaohang Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Shu-Hua Xia
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.
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Yin BW, Wang JL, Xue PJ, Zhang TS, Xie BB, Shen L, Fang WH. Understanding the Excited-State Relaxation Mechanisms of Xanthophyll Lutein by Multi-configurational Electronic Structure Calculations. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:4679-4690. [PMID: 37489739 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The contradictory behaviors in light harvesting and non-photochemical quenching make xanthophyll lutein the most attractive functional molecule in photosynthesis. Despite several theoretical simulations on the spectral properties and excited-state dynamics, the atomic-level photophysical mechanisms need to be further studied and established, especially for an accurate description of geometric and electronic structures of conical intersections for the lowest several electronic states of lutein. In the present work, semiempirical OM2/MRCI and multi-configurational restricted active space self-consistent field methods were performed to optimize the minima and conical intersections in and between the 1Ag-, 2Ag-, 1Bu+, and 1Bu- states. Meanwhile, the relative energies were refined by MS-CASPT2(10,8)/6-31G*, which can reproduce correct electronic state properties as those in the spectroscopic experiments. Based on the above calculation results, we proposed a possible excited-state relaxation mechanism for lutein from its initially populated 1Bu+ state. Once excited to the optically bright 1Bu+ state, the system will propagate along the key reaction coordinate, i.e., the stretching vibration of the conjugated carbon chain. During this period of time, the 1Bu- state will participate in and forms a resonance state between the 1Bu- and 1Bu+ states. Later, the system will rapidly hop to the 2Ag- state via the 1Bu+/2Ag- conical intersection. Finally, the lutein molecule will survive in the 2Ag- state for a relatively long time before it internally converts to the ground state directly or via a twisted S1/S0 conical intersection. Notably, though the photophysical picture may be very different in solvents and proteins, the current theoretical study proposed a promising calculation protocol and also provided many valuable mechanistic insights for lutein and similar carotenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Wen Yin
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Studies, Zhejiang Normal University, 1108 Gengwen Road, Hangzhou 311231 Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Jie-Lei Wang
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Studies, Zhejiang Normal University, 1108 Gengwen Road, Hangzhou 311231 Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Pu-Jie Xue
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Teng-Shuo Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Bin-Bin Xie
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Studies, Zhejiang Normal University, 1108 Gengwen Road, Hangzhou 311231 Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Lin Shen
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
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Ma J, Zhao D, Yu L, Jiang C, Lan Z, Li F. Simultaneously improving the efficiencies of photo- and thermal isomerization of an oxindole-based light-driven molecular rotary motor by a structural redesign. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:12800-12809. [PMID: 37129050 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp00559c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We designed a novel highly efficient light-driven molecular rotary motor theoretically by using electronic structure calculations and nonadiabatic dynamics simulations, and it showed excellent performance for both photo- and thermal isomerization processes simultaneously. By the small structural modification based on 3-(2,7-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-ylidene)-1-methylindolin-2-one (DDIYM) synthesized by Feringa et al. recently, an oxindole-based light-driven molecular rotary motor, 3-(1,5-dimethyl-4,5-dihydrocyclopenta[b]pyrrol-6(1H)-ylidene)-1-methylindolin-2-one (DDPYM), is proposed, which displays a significant electronic push-pull character and weak steric hindrance for double-bond isomerization. The newly designed motor DDPYM shows a remarkable improvement of the quantum yield for both EP → ZM and ZP → EM photoisomerization processes, compared to the original motor DDIYM. Furthermore, the rotary motion in photoisomerization processes of DDPYM behaves more like a pure axial rotational motion approximately, while that of DDIYM is an obvious precessional motion. The weakness of the steric hindrance reduces the energy barriers of the thermal helix EM → EP and ZM → ZP inversion steps, and would accelerate two ground-state isomerization steps significantly. Our results confirm the feasibility of simultaneously improving the efficiencies of photo- and thermal isomerization of oxindole-based light-driven molecular rotary motors and this design idea sheds light on the future development of more efficient molecular motors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzheng Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Quantum Optoelectronic Devices, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xian 710049, China.
| | - Di Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Quantum Optoelectronic Devices, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xian 710049, China.
| | - Le Yu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Physico-Inorganic Chemistry, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Chenwei Jiang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Quantum Optoelectronic Devices, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xian 710049, China.
| | - Zhenggang Lan
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Fuli Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Quantum Optoelectronic Devices, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xian 710049, China.
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Han J, Cui H, Du B, Zheng Y, Feng G, Ye J. Liquid-solid phase regulating excited-state intramolecular proton transfer process of HBT-d-NO 2: A QM/MM study. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 298:122804. [PMID: 37167801 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The excited-state intramolecular proton transfer process of 2-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-4-[2-(4-nitrophenyl)ethynyl]phenol (HBT-d-NO2) in the different surrounding environment is investigated using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). The optimized molecular structure provides convincing evidence that the intramolecular hydrogen bond is strengthened in the first excited (S1) state. The frontier molecular orbitals observed the HBT-d-NO2 exists obvious intramolecular charge translate phenomenon. The results of the potential energy curve show that HBT-d-NO2 is difficult to undergo proton transfer in the ground (S0) state due to the high energy barrier, while it becomes easier in the S1 state in both liquid and solid phases. By comparison, the energy barrier of ESIPT in the solid phase is higher than that in the liquid phase. We can conclude that the solid phase effectively hinders the ESIPT process compared with that the liquid phase. In this work, we illustrate the influence of liquid and solid phases on the intramolecular proton transfer process, which could promote further developments in biomedical and fluorophore applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Han
- State Key Laboratory of Laser Propulsion & Application, Department of Aerospace Science Technology, Space Engineering University, Beijing 101416, China.
| | - Haichao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Laser Propulsion & Application, Department of Aerospace Science Technology, Space Engineering University, Beijing 101416, China
| | - Baosheng Du
- State Key Laboratory of Laser Propulsion & Application, Department of Aerospace Science Technology, Space Engineering University, Beijing 101416, China
| | - Yongzan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Laser Propulsion & Application, Department of Aerospace Science Technology, Space Engineering University, Beijing 101416, China
| | - Gaoping Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Laser Propulsion & Application, Department of Aerospace Science Technology, Space Engineering University, Beijing 101416, China
| | - Jifei Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Laser Propulsion & Application, Department of Aerospace Science Technology, Space Engineering University, Beijing 101416, China
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Cai H, Lu H, Liu B, Sun C, Zhao X, Zhao D. Regulating the photophysical properties of ESIPT-based fluorescent probes by functional group substitution: a DFT/TDDFT study. J Mol Model 2023; 29:126. [PMID: 37016199 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05541-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT In recent years, fluorescent probe technology has received more and more attention. However, the photophysical and photochemical properties of probe molecules still need to be further explored. This paper presents the excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) processes and photophysical properties of the probe molecule 4-bromo-2-((E)-((Z)-((5-bromo-1H-indol-2-yl) methylene) hydrazono) methyl) phenol (BHPL) and its four derivatives (BHPL2, BHPL3, BHPL4, and BHPL5). Infrared spectra and geometric structure analyses revealed that introducing the -NH2 group on the benzene ring with the hydroxyl group will enhance the intramolecular hydrogen bond, which benefits the ESIPT process. Combining their absorption and fluorescence spectra, it can be concluded that BHPL2 and BHPL4 are both excellent probe candidates due to their large Stokes shift. The hole and electron and root mean square displacement analyses manifest that the fluorescence quenching of BHPL4 may be due to the intramolecular charge transfer process. Potential energy curves of BHPL and its four derivatives noted that ESIPT process of the BHPL2 is the most favorable to occur. The frontier molecular orbital and NBO analyses indicated that besides introducing electron-donating groups to reduce the energy gap and enhance fluorescence emission, introducing double electron-withdrawing groups can also achieve this effect, explaining why the energy barrier of ESIPT process for BHPL2 is lower than BHPL5. This work would provide the theoretical basis for designing novel fluorescence probes with more prominent properties. METHODS The ground (S0) and excited (S1) state structures of all compounds were optimized by density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent (TDDFT) method, with B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) level, respectively. The infrared spectra and potential energy curves were simulated at the same theoretical level. The reduced density gradient scatter plots and interaction region indicator isosurfaces were drawn using Multiwfn and VMD programs. The absorption and fluorescence spectra were simulated by the TDDFT/B3PW91/6-311+G(d,p) method. All the calculations in this work are carried out in Gaussian 16 program package.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongda Cai
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-Based Active Substances, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Hui Lu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-Based Active Substances, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Baipei Liu
- Aulin College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Chaofan Sun
- College of Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xiuhua Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-Based Active Substances, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Dongmei Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-Based Active Substances, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
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11
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Zhu YH, Liu XX, Fang Q, Liu XY, Fang WH, Cui G. Multiple Photoisomerization Pathways of the Green Fluorescent Protein Chromophore in a Reversibly Photoswitchable Fluorescent Protein: Insights from Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics Simulations. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:2588-2598. [PMID: 36881005 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we have employed a combined CASPT2//CASSCF approach within the quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) framework to explore the early time photoisomerization of rsEGFP2 starting from its two OFF trans states, i.e., Trans1 and Trans2. The results show similar vertical excitation energies to the S1 state in their Franck-Condon regions. Considering the clockwise and counterclockwise rotations of the C11-C9 bond, four pairs of the S1 excited-state minima and low-lying S1/S0 conical intersections were optimized, based on which we determined four S1 photoisomerization paths that are essentially barrierless to the relevant S1/S0 conical intersections leading to efficient excited-state deactivation to the S0 state. Most importantly, our work first identified multiple photoisomerization and excited-state decay paths, which must be seriously considered in the future. This work not only sheds significant light on the primary trans-cis photoisomerization of rsEGFP2 but also aids in the understanding of the microscopic mechanism of GFP-like RSFPs and the design of novel GFP-like fluorescent proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Hua Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xin-Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Qiu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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Lee J, Shin P, Chou PT, Joo T. Excited State Intramolecular Proton Transfer Dynamics of Derivatives of the Green Fluorescent Protein Chromophore. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043448. [PMID: 36834871 PMCID: PMC9962057 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) dynamics of the o-hydroxy analogs of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) chromophore have been investigated by time-resolved spectroscopies and theoretical calculations. These molecules comprise an excellent system to investigate the effect of electronic properties on the energetics and dynamics of ESIPT and to realize applications in photonics. Time-resolved fluorescence with high enough resolution was employed to record the dynamics and the nuclear wave packets in the excited product state exclusively in conjunction with quantum chemical methods. The ESIPT are ultrafast occurring in 30 fs for the compounds employed in this work. Although the ESIPT rates are not affected by the electronic properties of the substituents suggesting barrierless reaction, the energetics, their structures, subsequent dynamics following ESIPT, and possibly the product species are distinct. The results attest that fine tuning of the electronic properties of the compounds may modify the molecular dynamics of ESIPT and subsequent structural relaxation to achieve brighter emitters with broad tuning capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghwa Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Pyoungsik Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Pi-Tai Chou
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, China
- Correspondence: (P.-T.C.); (T.J.)
| | - Taiha Joo
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (P.-T.C.); (T.J.)
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13
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Effects of carboxyl- and amino-groups on the antioxidant activity of hydroxyanthraquinones with ESIPT property: a theoretical study. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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14
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dos Santos Rodrigues FH, Delgado GG, Santana da Costa T, Tasic L. Applications of fluorescence spectroscopy in protein conformational changes and intermolecular contacts. BBA ADVANCES 2023; 3:100091. [PMID: 37207090 PMCID: PMC10189374 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadva.2023.100091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Emission fluorescence is one of the most versatile and powerful biophysical techniques used in several scientific subjects. It is extensively applied in the studies of proteins, their conformations, and intermolecular contacts, such as in protein-ligand and protein-protein interactions, allowing qualitative, quantitative, and structural data elucidation. This review, aimed to outline some of the most widely used fluorescence techniques in this area, illustrate their applications and display a few examples. At first, the data on the intrinsic fluorescence of proteins is disclosed, mainly on the tryptophan side chain. Predominantly, research to study protein conformational changes, protein interactions, and changes in intensities and shifts of the fluorescence emission maximums were discussed. Fluorescence anisotropy or fluorescence polarization is a measurement of the changing orientation of a molecule in space, concerning the time between the absorption and emission events. Absorption and emission indicate the spatial alignment of the molecule's dipoles relative to the electric vector of the electromagnetic wave of excitation and emitted light, respectively. In other words, if the fluorophore population is excited with vertically polarized light, the emitted light will retain some polarization based on how fast it rotates in solution. Therefore, fluorescence anisotropy can be successfully used in protein-protein interaction investigations. Then, green fluorescent proteins (GFPs), photo-transformable fluorescent proteins (FPs) such as photoswitchable and photoconvertible FPs, and those with Large Stokes Shift (LSS) are disclosed in more detail. FPs are potent tools for the study of biological systems. Their versatility and wide range of colours and properties allow many applications. Finally, the application of fluorescence in life sciences is exposed, especially the application of FPs in fluorescence microscopy techniques with super-resolution that enables precise in vivo photolabeling to monitor the movement and interactions of target proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gonzalo Garcia Delgado
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry Department, University of Campinas, P. O. Box 6154, Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Thyerre Santana da Costa
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry Department, University of Campinas, P. O. Box 6154, Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Ljubica Tasic
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry Department, University of Campinas, P. O. Box 6154, Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil
- Corresponding author: Ljubica Tasic: IQ, UNICAMP, Rua Josué de Castro sn, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
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15
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Substituent effects on photophysical properties of ESIPT-based fluorophores bearing the 4-diethylaminosalicylaldehyde core. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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16
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Shaik S, Reddy Sirigireddy RM, Godugu K, Vemula V, Kakarla RR, Balaraman E, Nallagondu CGR, Aminabhavi TM. SiO 2-supported HClO 4 catalyzed synthesis of (Z)-thiazolylhydrazonoindolin-2-ones and their electrochemical properties. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 309:136667. [PMID: 36202369 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, an environmentally benign silica-supported perchloric acid (HClO4-SiO2) catalyzed green FCDR strategy has been developed for the synthesis of (Z)-THIs (6) with high stereospecificity via an intramolecular hydrogen bond (IHB) directed approach, involving the reaction of methyl ketones (1), N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) (2), isatins (4) and thiosemicarbazide (5) in ethanol at reflux temperature for 45-60 min in one-pot. The reaction proceeds through the construction of C-Br (α-bromination), C-S & C-N (heterocyclization), and CN (condensation) bonds in one pot. The absolute structure of the compound (Z)-3-(2-(4-(4-bromophenyl)thiazol-2-yl)hydrazono)indolin-2-one (6e) has been confirmed by single-crystal XRD analysis. Further, the role of IHB on Z-configuration of the synthesized (Z)-THIs is proved by single-crystal XRD and 1H NMR studies. Wide substrate scope, good functional group tolerance, scalability, improved safety since the method circumvents the use of highly lachrymatric α-bromoketones as starting materials, high product yields (up to 98%), short reaction times, reusable solid Brønsted acid catalyst (HClO4-SiO2), and products that do not require column chromatography purification are all attractive features of this FCDR strategy. Electrochemical properties of THIs (6) are examined by cyclic voltammetry. The HOMO and LUMO energy level of THIs, 6a, 6c, 6d, 6j, 6o-6v, 6y, and 6aa are comparable with the reported ambipolar materials, and the HOMO levels of other THIs, 6b, 6e-6i, 6n, 6w, 6x, 6z and 6 ab-6ae are similar with the most commonly used hole transporting materials (HTMs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultana Shaik
- Green and Sustainable Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, 516 005, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Rama Mohana Reddy Sirigireddy
- Green and Sustainable Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, 516 005, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Kumar Godugu
- Green and Sustainable Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, 516 005, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Venkatramu Vemula
- Department of Physics, Krishna University Dr. M. R. Appa Row College of PG Studies, Nuzvid, 521 201, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Raghava Reddy Kakarla
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Ekambaram Balaraman
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, 517507, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Chinna Gangi Reddy Nallagondu
- Green and Sustainable Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, 516 005, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - Tejraj M Aminabhavi
- School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Hubballi, 580031, Karnataka, India.
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17
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Significant impact of deprotonated status on the photoisomerization dynamics of bacteriophytochrome chromophore. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.107850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Wu J, Chen X, Xia SH, Cui G, Zhang Y. Excited-state photochemistry dynamics of 2-(1-naphthyl) phenol: electronic structure calculations and non-adiabatic dynamics simulations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:21358-21366. [PMID: 36043575 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03283j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The excited-state proton transfer processes and the formation mechanism of quinone methide of (1-naphthyl)phenol were investigated by combining static electronic structure calculations and non-adiabatic dynamics simulations in vacuum. The results indicated the existence of two minimum energy structures (S0-ENOL-1 and S0-ENOL-2) in the ground and excited states, which correspond to two ESIPT pathways. Upon excitation of S0-ENOL-1 to the bright S1 state, the system relaxes to the S1 minimum quickly in the enol region, for which two decay pathways have been described. The first is a barrierless ESIPT-1 process that generates keto species. Afterwards, the system encounters a keto conical intersection, which funnels the system to the ground state. The generated keto species, in the S0 state, either regenerated the starting material via ground-state proton transfer or yielded the keto product at the end of the simulations. In the other pathway, the system de-excites from the S1 state to the S0 state via one enol-type conical intersection. The dynamics simulations showed that 58.8% of trajectories experience keto-type conical intersection and the rest undergo enol-type conical intersection. Besides the ESIPT-1 process, a new-type ESIPT (ESIPT-2), which was not observed experimentally, was found with the irradiation of S0-ENOL-2. The ESIPT-2 process occurs after overcoming a small barrier (0.9 kcal mol-1) and yields a distinct quinone methide. Our simulation results also showed that the S1 lifetime of S0-ENOL-1 (S0-ENOL-2) would be 437 (617) fs in the gas phase. These results provide detailed and important mechanistic insights into the systems in which ESPT to carbon atoms occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Wu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Xiaohang Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Shu-Hua Xia
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.
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19
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Ma J, Zhao D, Jiang C, Lan Z, Li F. Effect of Temperature on Photoisomerization Dynamics of a Newly Designed Two-Stroke Light-Driven Molecular Rotary Motor. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179694. [PMID: 36077091 PMCID: PMC9456002 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The working mechanism of conventional light-driven molecular rotary motors, especially Feringa-type motors, contains two photoisomerization steps and two thermal helix inversion steps. Due to the existence of a thermal helix inversion step, both the ability to work at lower temperatures and the rotation speed are limited. In this work, a two-stroke light-driven molecular rotary motor, 2-(1,5-dimethyl-4,5-dihydrocyclopenta[b]pyrrol-6(1H)-ylidene)-1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrrol-3-one (DDPY), is proposed, which is capable of performing unidirectional and repetitive rotation by only two photoisomerization (EP→ZP and ZP→EP) steps. With trajectory surface-hopping simulation at the semi-empirical OM2/MRCI level, the EP→ZP and ZP→EP nonadiabatic dynamics of DDPY were systematically studied at different temperatures. Both EP→ZP and ZP→EP photoisomerizations are on an ultrafast timescale (ca. 200–300 fs). The decay mode of EP→ZP photoisomerization is approximately bi-exponential, while that of ZP→EP photoisomerization is found to be periodic. For EP and ZP isomers of DDPY, after the S0→S1 excitation, the dynamical processes of nonadiabatic decay are both followed by twisting about the central C=C double bond and the pyramidalization of the C atom at the stator-axle linkage. The effect of temperature on the nonadiabatic dynamics of EP→ZP and ZP→EP photoisomerizations of DDPY has been systematically investigated. The average lifetimes of the S1 excited state and quantum yields for both EP→ZP and ZP→EP photoisomerization are almost temperature-independent, while the corresponding unidirectionality of rotation is significantly increased (e.g., 74% for EP→ZP and 72% for ZP→EP at 300 K vs 100% for EP→ZP and 94% for ZP→EP at 50 K) with lowering the temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzheng Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Quantum Optoelectronic Devices, School of Physics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Di Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Quantum Optoelectronic Devices, School of Physics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Chenwei Jiang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Quantum Optoelectronic Devices, School of Physics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
- Correspondence: (C.J.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhenggang Lan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, SCNU Environmental Research Institute, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Correspondence: (C.J.); (Z.L.)
| | - Fuli Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Quantum Optoelectronic Devices, School of Physics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
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20
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Boulanger SA, Chen C, Myasnyanko IN, Baranov MS, Fang C. Fluorescence Modulation of ortho-Green Fluorescent Protein Chromophores Following Ultrafast Proton Transfer in Solution. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:5081-5093. [PMID: 35786966 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c03812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Photophysical and photochemical properties of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) chromophore and derivatives underlie their bioimaging applications. To date, ultrafast spectroscopic tools represent the key for unraveling fluorescence mechanisms toward rational design of this powerful biomimetic framework. To correlate the excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) with chromophore emission properties, we implement experimental and computational tool sets to elucidate real-time electronic and structural dynamics of two archetypal ortho-GFP chromophores (o-HBDI and o-LHBDI) possessing an intramolecular hydrogen bond to undergo efficient ESIPT, only differing in a bridge-bond constraint. Using excited-state femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy (FSRS), a low-frequency phenolic (P)-ring-deformation mode (∼562 cm-1) was uncovered to accompany ESIPT. The tautomerized chromophore undergoes either rapid P-ring isomerization to reach the ground state with essentially no fluorescence for o-HBDI or enhanced (up to an impressive 180-fold in acetonitrile) and solvent-polarity-dependent fluorescence by P-ring locking in o-LHBDI. The significant dependence of the fluorescence enhancement ratio on solvent viscosity confirms P-ring isomerization as the dominant nonradiative decay pathway for o-HBDI. This work provides crucial insights into the dynamic solute-solvent electrostatic and steric interactions, enabling the application-specific improvement of ESIPT-capable molecules as versatile fluorescence-based sensors and imaging agents from large Stokes shift emission to brighter probes in physiological environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean A Boulanger
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Ivan N Myasnyanko
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia.,Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianov 1, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Mikhail S Baranov
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia.,Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianov 1, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Chong Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
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21
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Wu J, Chen X, Peng LY, Cui G, Xia SH. Excited-State Deactivation Mechanism of 3,5-bis(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1 H-1,2,4-triazole: Electronic Structure Calculations and Nonadiabatic Dynamics Simulations. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:4002-4012. [PMID: 35730538 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c02080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
3,5-bis(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (bis-HPTA) has attracted wide attention due to the important application in the detection of microorganisms and insecticidal activity. However, the mechanisms of excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) process and decay pathways are still a matter of debate. In this work, we have comprehensively investigated the photodynamics of bis-HPTA by executing combined electronic structure calculations and nonadiabatic surface-hopping dynamics simulations. Based on the computed electronic structure and dynamics information, we propose two nonadiabatic deactivation channels that efficiently populate the ground state from the Franck-Condon region. In the first one, after being excited to the bright S1 state, bis-HPTA molecule undergoes an ultrafast and barrierless ESIPT-1 process. Then, the system encounters with an energetically accessible S1/S0 conical intersection (CI), which funnels the system to the ground state speedily. Afterward, the keto species either arrives at the keto product or return to its enol species via a ground-state proton transfer in the S0 state. In the other excited-state decay channel, the S1 system hops to the ground state through a different CI, which involves the ESIPT-2 process. In our dynamics simulations, about 79.6% of the trajectories decay to the S0 state via the first CI, while the remaining ones employ the second conical intersection. The results of dynamics simulations also demonstrated that the lifetime of the S1 state is estimated as 315 fs. The present work will give elaborating mechanistic information of similar compounds in various environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Wu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaohang Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ling-Ya Peng
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shu-Hua Xia
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
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22
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Xie BB, Wang KX, Jia PK, Liu XY, Cui G. Excited-state double proton transfer of 1,8-dihydroxy-2-naphthaldehyde: A MS-CASPT2//CASSCF study. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/cjcp2109163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Excited-state double proton transfer (ESDPT) is a controversial issue which has long been plagued with theoretical and experimental communities. Herein, we took 1,8-dihydroxy-2-naphthaldehyde (DHNA) as a prototype and used combined complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) and multi-state complete active-space second-order perturbation (MS-CASPT2) methods to investigate ES-DPT and excited-state deactivation pathways of DHNA. Three different tautomer minima of S1-ENOL, S1-KETO-1, and S1-KETO-2 and two crucial conical intersections of S1S0-KETO-1 and S1S0-KETO-2 in.and between the S0 and S1 states were obtained. S1-KETO-1 and S1-KETO-2 should take responsibility for experimentally observing dual-emission bands. In addition, two-dimensional potential energy surfaces (2D-PESs) and linear interpolated internal coordinate paths connecting relevant structures were calculated at the MS-CASPT2//CASSCF level and confirmed a stepwise ESDPT mechanism. Specifically, the first proton transfer from S1-ENOL to S1-KETO-1 is barrierless, whereas the second one from S1-KETO-1 to S1-KETO-2 demands a barrier of ca. 6.0 kcal/mol. The linear interpolated internal coordinate path connecting S1-KETO-1 (S1-KETO-2) and S1S0-KETO-1 (S1S0-KETO-2) is uphill with a barrier of ca. 12.0 kcal/mol, which will trap DHNA in the S1 state while therefore enabling dual-emission bands. On the other hand, the S1/S0 conical intersections would also prompt the S1 system to decay to the S0 state, which could be to certain extent suppressed by locking the rotation of the C5−C8−C9−O10 dihedral angle. These mechanistic insights are not only helpful for understanding ESDPT but also useful for designing novel molecular materials with excellent photoluminescent performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Bin Xie
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Studies, Zhejiang Normal University, Hangzhou 311231, China
| | - Ke-Xin Wang
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Studies, Zhejiang Normal University, Hangzhou 311231, China
| | - Pei-Ke Jia
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Studies, Zhejiang Normal University, Hangzhou 311231, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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23
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Chang XP, Yu L, Zhang TS, Cui G. Quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics studies on the mechanistic photophysics of sunscreen oxybenzone in methanol solution. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:13293-13304. [PMID: 35607908 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01263d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we have employed the QM(CASPT2//CASSCF)/MM method to explore the photophysical and photochemical mechanism of oxybenzone (OB) in methanol solution. Based on the optimized minima, conical intersections and crossing points, and minimum-energy reaction paths related to excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) and excited-state decay paths in the 1ππ*, 1nπ*, 3ππ*, 3nπ*, and S0 states, we have identified several feasible excited-state relaxation pathways for the initially populated S2(1ππ*) state to decay to the initial enol isomer' S0 state. The major one is the singlet-mediated and stretch-torsion coupled ESIPT pathway, in which the system first undergoes an essentially barrierless 1ππ* ESIPT process to generate the 1ππ* keto species, and finally realizes its ground state recovery through the subsequent carbonyl stretch-torsion facilitating S1 → S0 internal conversion (IC) and the reverse ground-state intramolecular proton transfer (GSIPT) process. The minor ones are related to intersystem crossing (ISC) processes. At the S2(1ππ*) minimum, an S2(1ππ*)/S1(1nπ*)/T2(3nπ*) three-state intersection region helps the S2 system branch into the T1 state through a S2 → S1 → T1 or S2 → T2 → T1 process. Once it has reached the T1 state, the system may relax to the S0 state via direct ISC or via subsequent nearly barrierless 3ππ* ESIPT to yield the T1 keto tautomer and ISC. The resultant S0 keto species significantly undergoes reverse GSIPT and only a small fraction yields the trans-keto form that relaxes back more slowly. However, due to small spin-orbit couplings at T1/S0 crossing points, the ISC to S0 state occurs very slowly. The present work rationalizes not only the ultrafast excited-state decay dynamics of OB but also its phosphorescence emission at low temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ping Chang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China.
| | - Li Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China.
| | - Teng-Shuo Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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24
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Xiao G, Fang X, Ma Y, Yan D. Multi-Mode and Dynamic Persistent Luminescence from Metal Cytosine Halides through Balancing Excited-State Proton Transfer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2200992. [PMID: 35398992 PMCID: PMC9165479 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Persistent luminescence has attracted great attention due to the unique applications in molecular imaging, photodynamic therapy, and information storage, among many others. However, tuning the dynamic persistent luminescence through molecular design and materials engineering remains a challenge. In this work, the first example of excitation-dependent persistent luminescence in a reverse mode for smart optical materials through tailoring the excited-state proton transfer process of metal cytosine halide hybrids is reported. This approach enables ultralong phosphorescence and thermally activated delayed fluorescence emission colors highly tuned by modulation of excitation wavelength, time evolution, and temperature, which realize multi-mode dynamic color adjustment from green to blue or cyan to yellow-green. At the single crystal level, the 2D excitation/space/time-resolved optical waveguides with triple color conversion have been constructed on the organic-metal halide microsheets, which represent a new strategy for multi-dimensional information encryption and optical logic gate applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage MaterialsCollege of Chemistryand Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of EducationBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Fang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage MaterialsCollege of Chemistryand Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of EducationBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875P. R. China
| | - Yu‐Juan Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage MaterialsCollege of Chemistryand Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of EducationBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875P. R. China
| | - Dongpeng Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage MaterialsCollege of Chemistryand Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of EducationBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875P. R. China
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25
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Shang C, Cao Y, Sun C, Li Y. Comparison of the excited-state proton transfer and single electron transfer mechanisms of the natural antioxidant Juglone and its dimer 3,3′-bijuglone. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.113825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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26
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Hostetter ER, Keyes JR, Poon I, Nguyen JP, Nite JM, Jimenez Hoyos CA, Smith CA. Prediction of Fluorophore Brightness in Designed Mini Fluorescence Activating Proteins. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:3190-3203. [PMID: 35417158 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The de novo computational design of proteins with predefined three-dimensional structure is becoming much more routine due to advancements both in force fields and algorithms. However, creating designs with functions beyond folding is more challenging. In that regard, the recent design of small beta barrel proteins that activate the fluorescence of an exogenous small molecule chromophore (DFHBI) is noteworthy. These proteins, termed mini fluorescence activating proteins (mFAPs), have been shown to increase the brightness of the chromophore more than 100-fold upon binding to the designed ligand pocket. The design process created a large library of variants with different brightness levels but gave no rational explanation for why one variant was brighter than another. Here, we use quantum mechanics and molecular dynamics simulations to investigate how molecular flexibility in the ground and excited states influences brightness. We show that the ability of the protein to resist dihedral angle rotation of the chromophore is critical for predicting brightness. Our simulations suggest that the mFAP/DFHBI complex has a rough energy landscape, requiring extensive ground-state sampling to achieve converged predictions of excited-state kinetics. While computationally demanding, this roughness suggests that mFAP protein function can be enhanced by reshaping the energy landscape toward conformations that better resist DFHBI bond rotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma R Hostetter
- Department of Chemistry, Wesleyan University, 52 Lawn Ave, Middletown, Connecticut 06459, United States
| | - Jeffrey R Keyes
- Department of Chemistry, Wesleyan University, 52 Lawn Ave, Middletown, Connecticut 06459, United States
| | - Ivy Poon
- Department of Chemistry, Wesleyan University, 52 Lawn Ave, Middletown, Connecticut 06459, United States
| | - Justin P Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Wesleyan University, 52 Lawn Ave, Middletown, Connecticut 06459, United States
| | - Jacob M Nite
- Department of Chemistry, Wesleyan University, 52 Lawn Ave, Middletown, Connecticut 06459, United States
| | -
- Department of Chemistry, Wesleyan University, 52 Lawn Ave, Middletown, Connecticut 06459, United States
| | - Carlos A Jimenez Hoyos
- Department of Chemistry, Wesleyan University, 52 Lawn Ave, Middletown, Connecticut 06459, United States
| | - Colin A Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Wesleyan University, 52 Lawn Ave, Middletown, Connecticut 06459, United States
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27
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Shang C, Cao Y, Sun C, Zhao H. Theoretical study on an intriguing excited-state proton transfer process induced by weakened intramolecular hydrogen bonds. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:8453-8462. [PMID: 35343537 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05584d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, we have systematically investigated the dual hydrogen-bonded system 2Z,2'Z-3,3'-(4,4'-methylenebis(4,1-phenylene)bis(azanediyl)bis(1,3-diphenylprop-2-en-1-one)) (abbreviated as L) utilizing quantum chemistry methods, in which the excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) does not conform to the usual stereotype but proceeds along the weakened intramolecular hydrogen bonds (IHBs). Two primary configurations were confirmed to coexist in the ground state (i.e., anti-L and syn-L) by calculating the Boltzmann distribution in three different solvents. Based on the cardinal geometrical parameters involved in IHBs and the interaction region indicator (IRI) isosurface, it can be revealed that the dual IHBs of L were both weakened upon photoexcitation, not least the N1-H2⋯O3 IHB was utterly destroyed in the excited state. The proton-transfer process of anti and syn in three solvents with different polarities has been analyzed by constructing S0- and S1-state potential energy surfaces (PESs). It can be concluded that only the single proton transfer behavior along N1-H2⋯O3 occurs in the S1 state, and the corresponding energy barrier is gradually enlarged with increasing solvent polarity. To further expound the weakened IHB-induced ESIPT mechanism, the scanned PESs connecting the transition state (TS) structures and the initial forms indicate that the ESIPT process is infeasible without the appropriate structural torsion. Our work not only unveils the extraordinary ESIPT process of L, but also complements the results obtained from previous experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjiao Shang
- College of Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Yunjian Cao
- College of Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Chaofan Sun
- College of Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Huifang Zhao
- School of Science, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China.
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28
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Shu Y, Varga Z, Kanchanakungwankul S, Zhang L, Truhlar DG. Diabatic States of Molecules. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:992-1018. [PMID: 35138102 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c10583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative simulations of electronically nonadiabatic molecular processes require both accurate dynamics algorithms and accurate electronic structure information. Direct semiclassical nonadiabatic dynamics is expensive due to the high cost of electronic structure calculations, and hence it is limited to small systems, limited ensemble averaging, ultrafast processes, and/or electronic structure methods that are only semiquantitatively accurate. The cost of dynamics calculations can be made manageable if analytic fits are made to the electronic structure data, and such fits are most conveniently carried out in a diabatic representation because the surfaces are smooth and the couplings between states are smooth scalar functions. Diabatic representations, unlike the adiabatic ones produced by most electronic structure methods, are not unique, and finding suitable diabatic representations often involves time-consuming nonsystematic diabatization steps. The biggest drawback of using diabatic bases is that it can require large amounts of effort to perform a globally consistent diabatization, and one of our goals has been to develop methods to do this efficiently and automatically. In this Feature Article, we introduce the mathematical framework of diabatic representations, and we discuss diabatization methods, including adiabatic-to-diabatic transformations and recent progress toward the goal of automatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Shu
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Zoltan Varga
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Siriluk Kanchanakungwankul
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Linyao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States.,School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Donald G Truhlar
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
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29
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Nho HW, Adhikari A, Kwon OH. Ultrafast Excited-State Proton Transfer of a Cationic Superphotoacid in a Nanoscopic Water Pool. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:1275-1283. [PMID: 35119852 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c09070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The excited-state proton transfer (ESPT) of a cationic superphotoacid, N-methyl-7-hydroxyquinolium, was studied within the water pool of an anionic aerosol-OT (AOT), bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate, reverse micelle (RM). Previously, we had found that the cationic photoacid residing at the anionic AOT interface was conducive to ESPT to the bound water having concentric heterogeneity on the time scale of hundreds of picoseconds to nanoseconds. In our present study, on the time scale of hundreds of femtoseconds to a few tens of picoseconds, the photoacid underwent an ultrafast ESPT influenced by mobile water constituting the core of the RM. The two subpopulations of the core water molecules that determine the ultrafast biphasic deprotonation of the photoacid on time scales differing by an order of magnitude were identified. The core water molecules solvating the counteranion of the photoacid showed a higher basicity than typical water clusters in bulk resulting in ESPT on a subpicosecond time scale. Bare water clusters sensed by the photoacid showed a slower ESPT, over several picoseconds, as typically limited by the rotational motion of water molecules for similar types of the photoacid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hak-Won Nho
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.,Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Aniruddha Adhikari
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Oh-Hoon Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.,Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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30
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Okada M, Nishimura Y. Electronic state of a fluoranthene–urea compound and the kinetics of its emissive tautomer state in the presence of acetate anions. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj05270e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The fluorescence spectrum of 3FU–Ac around 600 nm agrees well with that of 3FU–DBU, indicating that the electronic state of tautomer has a proton-abstracted structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahiro Okada
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Nishimura
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
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31
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Chang XP, Zhang TS, Cui G. Theoretical Studies on the Excited-State Decay Mechanism of Homomenthyl Salicylate in a Gas Phase and an Acetonitrile Solution. J Phys Chem A 2021; 126:16-28. [PMID: 34963284 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c07108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Here, we employ the CASPT2//CASSCF and QM(CASPT2//CASSCF)/MM approaches to explore the photochemical mechanism of homomenthyl salicylate (HMS) in vacuum and an acetonitrile solution. The results show that in both cases, the excited-state relaxation mainly involves a spectroscopically "bright" S1(1ππ*) state and the lower-lying T1 and T2 states. In the major relaxation pathway, the photoexcited S1 keto system first undergoes an essentially barrierless excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) to generate the S1 enol minimum, near which a favorable S1/S0 conical intersection decays the system to the S0 state followed by a reverse ground-state intramolecular proton transfer (GSIPT) to repopulate the initial S0 keto species. In the minor one, an S1/T2/T1 three-state intersection in the keto region makes the T1 state populated via direct and T2-mediated intersystem crossing (ISC) processes. In the T1 state, an ESIPT occurs, which is followed by ISC near a T1/S0 crossing point in the enol region to the S0 state and finally back to the S0 keto species. In addition, a T1/S0 crossing point near the T1 keto minimum can also help the system decay to the S0 keto species. However, small spin-orbit couplings between T1 and S0 at these T1/S0 crossing points make ISC to the S0 state very slow and make the system trapped in the T1 state for a while. The present work rationalizes not only the ultrafast excited-state decay dynamics of HMS but also its low quantum yield of phosphorescence at 77 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ping Chang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, P. R. China
| | - Teng-Shuo Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
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32
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Gupta M, Zhu Z, Kottilil D, Rath BB, Tian W, Tan ZK, Liu X, Xu QH, Ji W, Vittal JJ. Impact of the Structural Modification of Diamondoid Cd(II) MOFs on the Nonlinear Optical Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:60163-60172. [PMID: 34874696 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c17327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A change in the degree of interpenetration (DOI) in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) prompted by heat, pressure, or exchange of solvents is a fascinating phenomenon that can potentially impact the functional properties of MOFs. Structural transformation involving two noncentrosymmetric MOFs with different DOIs provides a rare opportunity to manipulate their optical properties. Herein, we report an unusual single-crystal-to-single-crystal (SCSC) transformation of a noncentrosymmetric 7-fold interpenetrated diamondoid (dia) Cd(II) MOF into another noncentrosymmetric but 8-fold interpenetrated dia MOF upon the removal of guest solvents. A hydrogen-bond network formed between the lattice solvents and linker trans-2-(4-pyridyl)-4-vinylbenzoate (pvb) in a 7-fold interpenetrated noncentrosymmetric MOF results in a significant increase in the two-photon absorption cross-section (11 times) as compared to that in the desolvated 8-fold interpenetrated MOF. Also, an increase in the DOI in the noncentrosymmetric crystals strengthened the π···π interaction between the individual diamondoid networks and enhanced the second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) coefficient (deff) by 4.5 times. These results provide a way to manipulate the optical properties of MOFs using a combined strategy of the formation of hydrogen bonds and interpenetration for access to tunable single-crystal NLO devices in an SCSC manner. By changing the experimental conditions, another dia Cd(II) MOF with 4-fold interpenetration can be isolated. In this centrosymmetric MOF, the olefin groups in the backbone of the ligand (pvb) undergo a [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction quantitatively under UV light but in a non-SCSC fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Ziyu Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Dileep Kottilil
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Bibhuti Bhusan Rath
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Wang Tian
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Zhi-Kuang Tan
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Qing-Hua Xu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Wei Ji
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Jagadese J Vittal
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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33
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Xu S, Pan W, Ren T, Huan S, Yuan L, Zhang X. Molecular Engineering of Novel Fluorophores for
High‐Contrast
Bioimaging. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Xu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Pan
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Tian‐Bing Ren
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Shuang‐Yan Huan
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Lin Yuan
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Xiao‐Bing Zhang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
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34
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Hao J, Yang Y. Theoretical Investigation of the Excited-State Dynamics Mechanism of the Asymmetric Two-Way Proton Transfer Molecule BTHMB. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:10280-10290. [PMID: 34846887 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c05530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An asymmetric two-way proton transfer molecule 3-(benzo[d]-thiazol-2-yl)-2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde (BTHMB) with the function of white-light emission was synthesized in a recent experiment (Bhattacharyya, A.; Mandal, S. K.; Guchhait, N. J. Phys. Chem. A 2019, 123, 10246). The particularity of this molecule is that there are two possible forms, one of which contained a six-membered H-bonded network toward a N atom (BTHMB-NH) present in the molecule as a proton acceptor and the other was toward an O atom (BTHMB-OH). Unfortunately, the experimental work lacked the theoretical explanation about the determination of the BTHMB-NH form and its excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) process under different solvents. Therefore, this study has explored these two points by means of the time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) method. The calculated relative energy and potential energy profile (PEP) of the transformation between BTHMB-NH and BTHMB-OH forms illustrated that BTHMB-NH was more stable, and the transfer from BTHMB-NH to BTHMB-OH was almost impossible at both S0 and S1 states under all solvents due to high potential energy barriers (PEBs) (11.67-21.59 kcal/mol). These calculated results provided the theoretical explanation and verification for the conclusion that the BTHMB molecule exists in the BTHMB-NH form in the experiment. Subsequently, the constructed PEPs of the ESIPT process for BTHMB-NH have proved that it was prone to the ESIPT process due to low PEBs (0.11-0.28 kcal/mol) at the S1 state. In particular, as the solvent polarity increased, the intensity of the intramolecular hydrogen bond (IHB) (O3-H4···N5) increased and the ESIPT process was more likely to occur. In addition, the twisted intramolecular charge-transfer (TICT) process was studied to explore the possible fluorescence quenching pathway of BTHMB-NH. Based on the PEPs of BTHMB-NH-T as a function of the N5-C6-C7-C8 dihedral angle at the S0 and S1 states, it is seen that the S0 state TICT process was inhibited due to the large PEBs (16.45-23.93 kcal/mol). Although the S1 state PEBs have been greatly reduced, they were still maintained at about 3.60 kcal/mol (3.60-3.84 kcal/mol), and hence, this process was still relatively difficult to occur. Due to the fact that BTHMB can be regarded as a standard in future designs involving red light and solvent-specific white-light emitters, a certain amount of investigative work on the ESIPT process was done in detail, and it paved the way for future research on the directionality of ESIPT in double ESIPT probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
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35
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Zhang J, Peng J, Hu D, Lan Z. Investigation of nonadiabatic dynamics in the photolysis of methyl nitrate (CH 3ONO 2) by on-the-fly surface hopping simulation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:25597-25611. [PMID: 34546246 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03226g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The photolysis mechanism of methyl nitrate (CH3ONO2) was studied using the on-the-fly surface hopping dynamics at the XMS-CASPT2 level. Several critical geometries, including electronic state minima and conical intersections, were obtained, which play essential roles in the nonadiabatic dynamics of CH3ONO2. The ultrafast nonadiabatic decay dynamics to the ground state were simulated, which gives a proper explanation on the broad and structureless absorption spectra of CH3ONO2. The photodissociation channels, including CH3O + NO2, CH3O + NO + O, and others, as well as their branching ratios, were identified. When the dynamics starts from the lowest two electronic states (S1 and S2), the CH3O + NO2 channel is the dominant photolysis pathway, although we observed the minor contributions of other channels. In contrast, when the trajectories start from the third excited state S3, both CH3O + NO2 and CH3O + NO + O channels become important. Here the CH3O-NO2 bond dissociation takes place first, and then for some trajectories, the N-O bond of the NO2 part breaks successively. The quasi-degeneracy of electronic states may exist in the dissociation limits of both CH3O + NO2 and CH3O + NO + O channels. The current work provides valuable information in the understanding of experimental findings of the wavelength-dependent photolysis mechanism of CH3ONO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Zhang
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China. .,School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiawei Peng
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China. .,School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Deping Hu
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China. .,School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhenggang Lan
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China. .,School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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36
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Kovács E, Cseri L, Jancsó A, Terényi F, Fülöp A, Rózsa B, Galbács G, Mucsi Z. Synthesis and Fluorescence Mechanism of the Aminoimidazolone Analogues of the Green Fluorescent Protein: Towards Advanced Dyes with Enhanced Stokes Shift, Quantum Yield and Two‐Photon Absorption. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ervin Kovács
- Department of Chemistry Femtonics Inc. Tűzoltó u. 58 1094 Budapest Hungary
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry Research Centre for Natural Sciences Magyar tudósok körútja 2 1117 Budapest Hungary
| | - Levente Cseri
- Department of Chemistry Femtonics Inc. Tűzoltó u. 58 1094 Budapest Hungary
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Analytical Science The University of Manchester The Mill, Sackville Street Manchester M1 3BB United Kingdom
| | - Attila Jancsó
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry University of Szeged Dóm tér 8 Szeged 6720 Hungary
| | - Ferenc Terényi
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry University of Szeged Dóm tér 8 Szeged 6720 Hungary
| | - Anna Fülöp
- Department of Chemistry Femtonics Inc. Tűzoltó u. 58 1094 Budapest Hungary
| | - Balázs Rózsa
- Two-Photon Measurement Technology Research Group The Faculty of Information Technology Pázmány Péter Catholic University Práter u. 50/A Budapest 1083 Hungary
- Laboratory of 3D Functional Imaging of Neuronal Networks and Dendritic Integration Institute of Experimental Medicine Szigony utca 43 Budapest 1083 Hungary
| | - Gábor Galbács
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry University of Szeged Dóm tér 8 Szeged 6720 Hungary
| | - Zoltán Mucsi
- Department of Chemistry Femtonics Inc. Tűzoltó u. 58 1094 Budapest Hungary
- Institute of Chemistry Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering University of Miskolc Egyetem út 1 Miskolc 3515 Hungary
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37
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Wang S, Hu D, Guan X, Cai S, Shi G, Shuai Z, Zhang J, Peng Q, Wan X. Brightening up Circularly Polarized Luminescence of Monosubstituted Polyacetylene by Conformation Control: Mechanism, Switching, and Sensing. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202108010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Deping Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organic OptoElectronics and Molecular, Engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Xiaoyan Guan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Siliang Cai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Ge Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Zhigang Shuai
- Key Laboratory of Organic OptoElectronics and Molecular, Engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Qian Peng
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Xinhua Wan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
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38
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Wang S, Hu D, Guan X, Cai S, Shi G, Shuai Z, Zhang J, Peng Q, Wan X. Brightening up Circularly Polarized Luminescence of Monosubstituted Polyacetylene by Conformation Control: Mechanism, Switching, and Sensing. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:21918-21926. [PMID: 34309164 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202108010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The first example of luminescent monosubstituted polyacetylenes (mono-PAs) is presented, based on a contracted cis-cisoid polyene backbone. It has an excellent circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) performance with a high dissymmetric factor (up to the order of 10-1 ). The luminescence stems from the helical cis-cisoid PA backbone, which is tightly fixed by the strong intramolecular hydrogen bonds, thereby reversing the energy order of excited states and enabling an emissive energy dissipation. CPL switches are facilely achieved by the solvent and temperature through reversible conformational transition. By taking advantages of fast response and high sensitivity, the thin film of mono-PAs could be used as a CPL-based probe for quantitative detection of trifluoroacetic acid with a wider linear dynamic range than those of photoluminescence and circular dichroism. This work opens a new avenue to develop novel smart CPL materials through modulating conformational transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Deping Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organic OptoElectronics and Molecular, Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiaoyan Guan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Siliang Cai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ge Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhigang Shuai
- Key Laboratory of Organic OptoElectronics and Molecular, Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Qian Peng
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xinhua Wan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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39
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Henrikus SS, Tassis K, Zhang L, van der Velde JHM, Gebhardt C, Herrmann A, Jung G, Cordes T. Characterization of Fluorescent Proteins with Intramolecular Photostabilization*. Chembiochem 2021; 22:3283-3291. [PMID: 34296494 PMCID: PMC9291837 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Genetically encodable fluorescent proteins have revolutionized biological imaging in vivo and in vitro. Despite their importance, their photophysical properties, i. e., brightness, count-rate and photostability, are relatively poor compared to synthetic organic fluorophores or quantum dots. Intramolecular photostabilizers were recently rediscovered as an effective approach to improve photophysical properties of organic fluorophores. Here, direct conjugation of triplet-state quenchers or redox-active substances creates high local concentrations of photostabilizer around the fluorophore. In this paper, we screen for effects of covalently linked photostabilizers on fluorescent proteins. We produced a double cysteine mutant (A206C/L221C) of α-GFP for attachment of photostabilizer-maleimides on the β-barrel near the chromophore. Whereas labelling with photostabilizers such as trolox, a nitrophenyl group, and cyclooctatetraene, which are often used for organic fluorophores, had no effect on α-GFP-photostability, a substantial increase of photostability was found upon conjugation to azobenzene. Although the mechanism of the photostabilizing effects remains to be elucidated, we speculate that the higher triplet-energy of azobenzene might be crucial for triplet-quenching of fluorophores in the blue spectral range. Our study paves the way for the development of fluorescent proteins with photostabilizers in the protein barrel by methods such as unnatural amino acid incorporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah S Henrikus
- Molecular Microscopy Research Group, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Biophysical Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus Building B2.2, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.,current address: Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 AT1, UK
| | - Konstantinos Tassis
- Molecular Microscopy Research Group, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lei Zhang
- Physical and Synthetic Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhadernerstr. 2-4, 82152, München - Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jasper H M van der Velde
- Molecular Microscopy Research Group, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Gebhardt
- Physical and Synthetic Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhadernerstr. 2-4, 82152, München - Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Andreas Herrmann
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.,DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Gregor Jung
- Biophysical Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus Building B2.2, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Thorben Cordes
- Molecular Microscopy Research Group, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Physical and Synthetic Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhadernerstr. 2-4, 82152, München - Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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40
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Zhang H, Li W, Wang Y, Tao Y, Wang Y, Yang F, Gao Z. Solvation effect on the ESIPT mechanism of nitrile-substituted ortho-hydroxy-2-phenyl-oxazolines. RSC Adv 2021; 11:25795-25800. [PMID: 35478890 PMCID: PMC9037208 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04033b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) were used to unveil the solvation effects on the excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) of nitrile-substituted ortho-hydroxy-2-phenyl-oxazoline (NOHPO) molecules in three different solvents. According to the functional analysis of the reduced density gradient, hydrogen bond in low-polar solvents is stronger compared to that in high-polar solvents, indicating that proton transfer (PT) can be influenced by the polarity of the solvent. Moreover, the geometric parameters and infrared vibration spectrum of NOHPO in different types of solvents in the S0 and S1 state were compared, which confirmed the above results. By analyzing electronic spectra and frontier molecular orbitals, it was found that the spectral properties were affected by different polar solvents. Molecular electrostatic potential surface calculations proved that PT took place between the H2 atom and N3 atom, and the natural population analysis and Hirshfeld charge reveal the charge distribution after photoexcitation. To investigate the ESIPT progress intensively, the potential energy curves of NOHPO in three types of solvents were established. The findings revealed that NOHPO could transform from enol to keto form in the S1 state spontaneously, and ESIPT progress was promoted with the decrease in polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengwei Zhang
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University Dalian 116034 P. R. China +86 0411 86323646 +86 0411 86323646
| | - Wenzhi Li
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University Dalian 116034 P. R. China +86 0411 86323646 +86 0411 86323646
| | - Yuxi Wang
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University Dalian 116034 P. R. China +86 0411 86323646 +86 0411 86323646
| | - Yaping Tao
- College of Physics and Electronic Information, Luoyang Normal University Luoyang 471022 P. R. China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University Dalian 116034 P. R. China +86 0411 86323646 +86 0411 86323646
| | - Fan Yang
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University Dalian 116034 P. R. China +86 0411 86323646 +86 0411 86323646
| | - Ziqing Gao
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University Dalian 116034 P. R. China +86 0411 86323646 +86 0411 86323646
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41
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Guevara-Vela JM, Gallegos M, Valentín-Rodríguez MA, Costales A, Rocha-Rinza T, Pendás ÁM. On the Relationship between Hydrogen Bond Strength and the Formation Energy in Resonance-Assisted Hydrogen Bonds. Molecules 2021; 26:4196. [PMID: 34299473 PMCID: PMC8303970 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Resonance-assisted hydrogen bonds (RAHB) are intramolecular contacts that are characterised by being particularly energetic. This fact is often attributed to the delocalisation of π electrons in the system. In the present article, we assess this thesis via the examination of the effect of electron-withdrawing and electron-donating groups, namely -F, -Cl, -Br, -CF3, -N(CH3)2, -OCH3, -NHCOCH3 on the strength of the RAHB in malondialdehyde by using the Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM) and the Interacting Quantum Atoms (IQA) analyses. We show that the influence of the investigated substituents on the strength of the investigated RAHBs depends largely on its position within the π skeleton. We also examine the relationship between the formation energy of the RAHB and the hydrogen bond interaction energy as defined by the IQA method of wave function analysis. We demonstrate that these substituents can have different effects on the formation and interaction energies, casting doubts regarding the use of different parameters as indicators of the RAHB formation energies. Finally, we also demonstrate how the energy density can offer an estimation of the IQA interaction energy, and therefore of the HB strength, at a reduced computational cost for these important interactions. We expected that the results reported herein will provide a valuable understanding in the assessment of the energetics of RAHB and other intramolecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Guevara-Vela
- Institute of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Delegación Coyoacán, Mexico City C.P. 04510, Mexico; (J.M.G.-V.); (T.R.-R.)
| | - Miguel Gallegos
- Department of Analytical and Physical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (M.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Mónica A. Valentín-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Física Fundamental, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IFF-CSIC), Serrano 123, 28006 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Aurora Costales
- Department of Analytical and Physical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (M.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Tomás Rocha-Rinza
- Institute of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Delegación Coyoacán, Mexico City C.P. 04510, Mexico; (J.M.G.-V.); (T.R.-R.)
| | - Ángel Martín Pendás
- Department of Analytical and Physical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (M.G.); (A.C.)
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42
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Theoretical study on the ESIPT processes and fluorescence properties of 2-(1H-Benzimidazol-2-yl)phenol-based derivatives. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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43
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Luminescent excited-state intramolecular proton-transfer dyes based on 4-functionalized 6,6'-dimethyl-3,3'-dihydroxy-2,2'-bipyridine (BP(OH)2-Rs); DFT simulation study. J Mol Graph Model 2021; 107:107948. [PMID: 34082341 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2021.107948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The 4-functionalized 6,6'-dimethyl-3,3'-dihydroxy-2,2'-bipyridine dyes (BP(OH)2-Rs) have exhibited dienol and diketo emissions. The optimum geometrical structures for ground, singlet and triplet excited states are computed by DFT/B3LYP/6-31++G that showed the planarity of BP(OH)2-Rs structure. The emission spectra of the molecules are determined in the gas-phase at singlet and triplet excited states using CIS/6-31++G. The theoretical calculations are carried out for BP(OH)2-Rs to understand the impact of different substituents (R = -H (I), -Br (II), -TMS (III), -C2H (IV), -terpyridine (V) and -bodipy (diazaboraindacene) (VI)) on excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) in singlet and triplet excited states. Based on the calculations, the concerted diproton transfer proceeds in the triplet excited state, in which nπ* state has a significant participation in ESIPT. The spectral variation at ESIPT emission of BP(OH)2-Rs is influenced by the electron-acceptor ability of the substituents. The compound V revealed a higher spectral intensity compared to the others. From the comparison with the experimental data, the molecule V is almost planar agreed with the X-ray structure and trend variation of wavelengths. The molecule VI contains bodipy chromophore that excitation energy transfers completely from BP(OH)2 core to a bodipy substituent, leading to emission from the lowest-lying bodipy substituent, and consequently, ESIPT does not occur for this dye.
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44
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Morikawa TJ, Nishiyama M, Yoshizawa K, Fujita H, Watanabe TM. Glycine insertion modulates the fluorescence properties of Aequorea victoria green fluorescent protein and its variants in their ambient environment. Biophys Physicobiol 2021; 18:145-158. [PMID: 34178565 PMCID: PMC8214926 DOI: 10.2142/biophysico.bppb-v18.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The green fluorescent protein (GFP) derived from Pacific Ocean jellyfish is an essential tool in biology. GFP-solvent interactions can modulate the fluorescent property of GFP. We previously reported that glycine insertion is an effective mutation in the yellow variant of GFP, yellow fluorescent protein (YFP). Glycine insertion into one of the β-strands comprising the barrel structure distorts its structure, allowing water molecules to invade near the chromophore, enhancing hydrostatic pressure or solution hydrophobicity sensitivity. However, the underlying mechanism of how glycine insertion imparts environmental sensitivity to YFP has not been elucidated yet. To unveil the relationship between fluorescence and β-strand distortion, we investigated the effects of glycine insertion on the dependence of the optical properties of GFP variants named enhanced-GFP (eGFP) and its yellow (eYFP) and cyan (eCFP) variants with respect to pH, temperature, pressure, and hydrophobicity. Our results showed that the quantum yield decreased depending on the number of inserted glycines in all variants, and the dependence on pH, temperature, pressure, and hydrophobicity was altered, indicating the invasion of water molecules into the β-barrel. Peak shifts in the emission spectrum were observed in glycine-inserted eGFP, suggesting a change of the electric state in the excited chromophore. A comparative investigation of the spectral shift among variants under different conditions demonstrated that glycine insertion rearranged the hydrogen bond network between His148 and the chromophore. The present results provide important insights for further understanding the fluorescence mechanism in GFPs and suggest that glycine insertion could be a potent approach for investigating the relationship between water molecules and the intra-protein chromophore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamitsu J Morikawa
- Laboratory for Comprehensive Bioimaging, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan.,Graduate School of Frontier Bioscience, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Nishiyama
- Department of Physics, Kindai University, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Keiko Yoshizawa
- Laboratory for Comprehensive Bioimaging, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Hideaki Fujita
- Laboratory for Comprehensive Bioimaging, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan.,Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Tomonobu M Watanabe
- Laboratory for Comprehensive Bioimaging, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan.,Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
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45
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"On-The-Fly" Non-Adiabatic Dynamics Simulations on Photoinduced Ring-Closing Reaction of a Nucleoside-Based Diarylethene Photoswitch. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092724. [PMID: 34066431 PMCID: PMC8125013 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleoside-based diarylethenes are emerging as an especial class of photochromic compounds that have potential applications in regulating biological systems using noninvasive light with high spatio-temporal resolution. However, relevant microscopic photochromic mechanisms at atomic level of these novel diarylethenes remain to be explored. Herein, we have employed static electronic structure calculations (MS-CASPT2//M06-2X, MS-CASPT2//SA-CASSCF) in combination with non-adiabatic dynamics simulations to explore the related photoinduced ring-closing reaction of a typical nucleoside-based diarylethene photoswitch, namely, PS-IV. Upon excitation with UV light, the open form PS-IV can be excited to a spectroscopically bright S1 state. After that, the molecule relaxes to the conical intersection region within 150 fs according to the barrierless relaxed scan of the C1–C6 bond, which is followed by an immediate deactivation to the ground state. The conical intersection structure is very similar to the ground state transition state structure which connects the open and closed forms of PS-IV, and therefore plays a crucial role in the photochromism of PS-IV. Besides, after analyzing the hopping structures, we conclude that the ring closing reaction cannot complete in the S1 state alone since all the C1–C6 distances of the hopping structures are larger than 2.00 Å. Once hopping to the ground state, the molecules either return to the original open form of PS-IV or produce the closed form of PS-IV within 100 fs, and the ring closing quantum yield is estimated to be 56%. Our present work not only elucidates the ultrafast photoinduced pericyclic reaction of the nucleoside-based diarylethene PS-IV, but can also be helpful for the future design of novel nucleoside-based diarylethenes with better performance.
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46
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Kong J, Wang Y, Qi W, Huang M, Su R, He Z. Green fluorescent protein inspired fluorophores. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 285:102286. [PMID: 33164780 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2020.102286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Green fluorescence proteins (GFP) are appealing to a variety of biomedical and biotechnology applications, such as protein fusion, subcellular localizations, cell visualization, protein-protein interaction, and genetically encoded sensors. To mimic the fluorescence of GFP, various compounds, such as GFP chromophores analogs, hydrogen bond-rich proteins, and aromatic peptidyl nanostructures that preclude free rotation of the aryl-alkene bond, have been developed to adapt them for a fantastic range of applications. Herein, we firstly summarize the structure and luminescent mechanism of GFP. Based on this, the design strategy, fluorescent properties, and the advanced applications of GFP-inspired fluorophores are then carefully discussed. The diverse advantages of bioinspired fluorophores, such as biocompatibility, structural simplicity, and capacity to form a variety of functional nanostructures, endow them potential candidates as the next-generation bio-organic optical materials.
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47
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Liu XY, Li ZW, Fang WH, Cui G. Nonadiabatic Exciton and Charge Separation Dynamics at Interfaces of Zinc Phthalocyanine and Fullerene: Orientation Does Matter. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:7388-7398. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c05865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Yang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Wen Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
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48
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Liu Y, Chen Z, Wang X, Cao S, Xu J, Jimenez R, Chen J. Ultrafast spectroscopy of biliverdin dimethyl ester in solution: pathways of excited-state depopulation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:19903-19912. [PMID: 32853308 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02971h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Biliverdin is a bile pigment that has a very low fluorescence quantum yield in solution, but serves as a chromophore in far-red fluorescent proteins being developed for bio-imaging. In this work, excited-state dynamics of biliverdin dimethyl ether (BVE) in solvents were investigated using femtosecond (fs) and picosecond (ps) time-resolved absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. This study is the first fs timescale investigation of BVE in solvents, and therefore revealed numerous dynamics that were not resolved in previous, 200 ps time resolution measurements. Viscosity- and isotope-dependent experiments were performed to identify the contributions of isomerization and proton transfer to the excited-state dynamics. In aprotic solvents, a ∼2 ps non-radiative decay accounts for 95% of the excited-state population loss. In addition, a minor ∼30 ps emissive decay pathway is likely associated with an incomplete isomerization process around the C15[double bond, length as m-dash]C16 double bond that results in a flip of the D-ring. In protic solvents, the dynamics are more complex due to hydrogen bond interactions between solute and solvent. In this case, the ∼2 ps decay pathway is a minor channel (15%), whereas ∼70% of the excited-state population decays through an 800 fs emissive pathway. The ∼30 ps timescale associated with isomerization is also observed in protic solvents. The most significant difference in protic solvents is the presence of a >300 ps timescale in which BVE can decay through an emissive state, in parallel with excited-state proton transfer to the solvent. Interestingly, a small fraction of a luminous species, which we designate lumin-BVE (LBVE), is present in protic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
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49
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Ni M, Fang H. Modulating excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer of 2‐(5‐(4‐carboxyphenyl)‐2‐hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole depending on substituents: A DFT/TD‐DFT study. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Ni
- Department of Chemistry and Material Science, College of Science Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China
| | - Hua Fang
- Department of Chemistry and Material Science, College of Science Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China
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50
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Kong J, Zhang J, Wang Y, Qi W, Huang M, Su R, He Z. Bioinspired Fluorescent Peptidyl Nanoparticles with Rainbow Colors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:31830-31841. [PMID: 32539326 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c08259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The growing enthusiasm to mimic the luminous properties of fluorescent proteins (FPs) has expanded to include the potential biomedical applications of FP analogues. We developed a series of non-fluorescent oligopeptides (Fc-(X)n; where X = F, Y, W, and H; n = 1-3) that can aggregate into fluorescent nanoparticles with rainbow colors, termed the peptidyl rainbow kit (PRK). The PRK encompasses the full visible color spectrum, and its photoluminescent properties may have originated from aggregation-induced emission (AIE). Intermolecular forces restricted the intramolecular motions of the oligopeptide residues, providing a barrier to non-radiative conformational relaxation pathways and leading to AIE fluorescence. The PRK oligopeptides are pH sensitive, biocompatible, and photostable under physiological conditions, making the PRK a promising fluorescence candidate for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yuefei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Wei Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Meimei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Rongxin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Zhimin He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
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