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Indla NR, Maruthi Y, Rawat R, Sandeep Kumar T, Ramesh Reddy N, Sharma M, Aminabhavi TM, Kakarla RR, Sainath AVS. Synthesis and biological properties of novel glucose-based fluoro segmented macromolecular architectures. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131724. [PMID: 38653427 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of novel well-defined biological macromolecular architectures containing fluorine moieties displaying superior functionalities can satisfactorily address many biomedical challenges. In this research, ABA- and AB-type glucose-based biological macromolecules were synthesized using acryl-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-D-glucopyranoside with pentafluorophenyl (FPM), pentafluorobenzyl (FBM), phenyl (PM) and benzyl (BM) methacrylate-based macro-RAFT agents following RAFT polymerization. The macro-RAFT agents and the corresponding copolymers were characterized by 19F, 1H, and 13C NMR and FTIR spectroscopic techniques to understand the chemical structure, molecular weight by size-exclusion chromatography, thermal analysis by TGA and DSC. Thermal stability (Td5%) of the FPM and FBM fluoro-based polymers was observed in the range of 219-267 °C, while the non-fluoro PM and BM polymers exhibited in the range of 216-264 °C. Among the macro-RAFT agents, PFPM (107 °C, ΔH: 0.613 J/g) and PPM (103 °C, ΔH: 0.455 J/g) showed higher Tm values, while among the block copolymers, PFBM-b-PG (123 °C, ΔH: 0.412 J/g) and PG-b-PFPM-b-PG (126 °C, ΔH: 0.525 J/g) exhibited higher Tm values. PFBMT and PPM macro-RAFT agents, PPM-b-PG and PG-b-PPM-b-PG copolymer spin-coated films showed the highest hydrophobicity (120°) among the synthesized polymers. The block copolymers exhibited self-assembled segregation by using relatively hydrophobic segments as the core and hydrophilic moieties as the corona. Synthesized biological macromolecules exhibit maximum antibacterial activity towards S. aureus than E. coli bacteria. Fluorophenyl (PFPM) and non-fluorobenzyl-based (PBMT) macro-RAFT agents exhibit low IC50 values, suggesting high cytotoxicity. All the triblock copolymers exhibit lesser cytotoxicity than the di-block polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagamalleswara Rao Indla
- Fluoro-Agrochemicals, Polymers and Functional Materials Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Yeggada Maruthi
- Fluoro-Agrochemicals, Polymers and Functional Materials Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Reetika Rawat
- Banasthali Vidyapith, Department of Pharm, Banasthali 304022, Rajasthan, India
| | - T Sandeep Kumar
- Fluoro-Agrochemicals, Polymers and Functional Materials Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - N Ramesh Reddy
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Manu Sharma
- Banasthali Vidyapith, Department of Pharm, Banasthali 304022, Rajasthan, India
| | - Tejraj M Aminabhavi
- Center for Energy and Environment, School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Hubballi 580 031, Karnataka, India; Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Raghava Reddy Kakarla
- School Chemical Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Annadanam V Sesha Sainath
- Fluoro-Agrochemicals, Polymers and Functional Materials Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Indira M, Reddy ECS, Prasad VK, Swamy VS, Kakarla RR, Krishna Reddy MV, Attiri P, Govardhana Reddy PV, Aminabhavi TM. Environmentally friendly and efficient TBHP-mediated catalytic reaction for the synthesis of substituted benzimidazole-2-ones: In-silico approach to pharmaceutical applications. Environ Res 2024:118760. [PMID: 38522741 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
A novel method was used to synthesize benzimidazole-2-ones from the corresponding benzimidazolium salts. These salts were subsequently reacted with potassium tertiary butoxide (KOtBu), followed by oxidation using tertiary butyl hydrogen peroxide (TBHP) at room temperature in tetrahydrofuran (THF) to obtain the desired products in 1 h with excellent yields. After optimizing the reaction conditions, the study focused on preparing benzimidazole-2-ones with diverse substituents at N1 and N3 positions, including benzyl, 2',4',6'-trimethyl benzyl groups, and long-chain aliphatic substituents (hexyl, octyl, decyl, and dodecyl). The compounds were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectra, of which compound 2a is supported by single crystal XRD. Benzimidazole-2-one compounds exhibited promising anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. The inhibition of mitochondrial Heat Shock Protein 60 (HSP60) of title compounds was also explored. Computational simulations were employed to assess anti-cancer properties of 19 benzimidazole-2-one derivatives (potential drugs). In-silico docking studies demonstrated promising binding interactions with HSP60, and these results were supported by molecular dynamics simulations. Notably, molecules 2b and 2d exhibited high affinity for HSP60 protein, highlighting their potential efficacy. The developed ligands were viable for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The findings provide valuable initial evidence supporting the efficacy of benzimidazole-2-ones as HSP60 inhibitors and lay the foundation for subsequent studies, including in-vitro assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meeniga Indira
- Department of Chemistry, Yogi Vemana University, Vemana Puram, Ganganapalle, Kadapa, 516005, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - E C Surendranath Reddy
- Department of Biotechnology, Yogi Vemana University, Vemana Puram, Ganganapalle, Kadapa, 516005, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | - Vyshnava Satyanarayana Swamy
- Denisco Chemicals Pvt Ltd, D-24 Phase-1, Jeedimetla, Hyderabad, 500855, Telangana, India; Department of Biotechnology, University College of Sciences, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapuramu, 515003, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Raghava Reddy Kakarla
- School Chemical Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | | | - Pankaj Attiri
- Center of Plasma Nano-interface Engineering, Kyushu University, West Building 2, 744, Motooka, Nishi-ku, 819-0395, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Tejraj M Aminabhavi
- Center for Energy and Environment, School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Hubballi, 580 031, India; School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248 007, India; Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Kalidasan K, Mallapur S, Munirathnam K, Nagarajaiah H, Reddy MBM, Kakarla RR, Raghu AV. Transition metals-doped g-C 3N 4 nanostructures as advanced photocatalysts for energy and environmental applications. Chemosphere 2024; 352:141354. [PMID: 38311034 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4)-based heterostructured photocatalysts have received significant attention for its potential applications in the treatment of wastewater and hydrogen evolution. The utilization of semiconductor materials in heterogeneous photocatalysis has recently received great attention due to their potential and eco-friendly properties. Doping with metal ions plays a crucial role in altering the photochemical characteristics of g-C3N4, effectively enhancing photoabsorption into the visible range and thus improving the photocatalytic performance of doped photocatalysts. As an emerging nanomaterial, nanostructured g-C3N4 represents a visible light-active semiconducting photocatalyst that has attracted significant interest in the photocatalysis field, particularly for its practical water treatment applications. To the best of our knowledge, investigations of functionalized photocatalytic (PC) materials on 3d transition metal-doped g-C3N4 remain unexplored in the existing literature. g-C3N4 based heterohybrid photocatalysts have demonstrated excellent reusability, making them highly promising for wastewater treatment applications. This paper describes the overview of numerous studies conducted on the heterostructured g-C3N4 photocatalysts with various 3d metals. Research studies have revealed that the introduction of element doping with various 3d transition metals (e.g., Ti, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, etc.) into g-C3N4 is an efficient approach to enhance degradation efficacy and boost photocatalytic activity (PCA) of doped g-C3N4 catalysts. Moreover, the significance of g-C3N4 heterostructured nanohybrids is highlighted, particularly in the context of wastewater treatment applications. The study concludes by providing insights into future perspectives in this developing area of research, with a specific focus on the degradation of various organic contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavya Kalidasan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Kattigenahalli, Yelahanka, Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - Srinivas Mallapur
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Kattigenahalli, Yelahanka, Bangalore, 560064, India.
| | - K Munirathnam
- Department of Physics, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Kattigenahalli, Yelahanka, Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - H Nagarajaiah
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Kattigenahalli, Yelahanka, Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - M B Madhusudana Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Kattigenahalli, Yelahanka, Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - Raghava Reddy Kakarla
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Anjanapura V Raghu
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, BLDE (Deemed-to-be University), Vijayapura, 586103, Karnataka, India.
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Reddy NR, Kumar AS, Reddy PM, Kakarla RR, Jung JH, Aminabhavi TM, Joo SW. Efficient synthesis of 3D ZnO nanostructures on ITO surfaces for enhanced photoelectrochemical water splitting. J Environ Manage 2024; 352:120082. [PMID: 38232595 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
New photoactive materials with uniform and well-defined morphologies were developed for efficient and sustainable photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting and hydrogen production. The investigation is focused on hydrothermal deposition of zinc oxide (ZnO) onto indium tin oxide (ITO) conductive surfaces and optimization of hydrothermal temperature for growing uniform sized 3D ZnO morphologies. Fine-tuning of hydrothermal temperature enhanced the scalability, efficiency, and performance of ZnO-decorated ITO electrodes used in PEC water splitting. Under UV light irradiation and using eco-friendly low-cost hydrothermal process in the presence of stable ZnO offered uniform 3D ZnO, which exhibited a high photocurrent of 0.6 mA/cm2 having stability up to 5 h under light-on and light-off conditions. The impact of hydrothermal temperature on the morphological properties of the deposited ZnO and its subsequent performance in PEC water splitting was investigated. The work contributes to advancement of scalable and efficient fabrication technique for developing energy converting photoactive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ramesh Reddy
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - A Sai Kumar
- Department of Physics, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - P Mohan Reddy
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Raghava Reddy Kakarla
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Jae Hak Jung
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tejraj M Aminabhavi
- Center for Energy and Environment, School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Hubballi, 580031, Karnataka, India; University Center for Research & Development (UCRO), Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, 140 413, India.
| | - Sang Woo Joo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea.
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Wang R, Reddy CV, Nagar A, Basu S, Shetti NP, Cheolho B, Shim J, Kakarla RR. 2D g-C 3N 4 nanosheets functionalized with nickel-doped ZrO 2 nanoparticles for synergistic photodegradation of toxic chemical pollutants. Chemosphere 2023; 341:139955. [PMID: 37652247 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The photocatalytic removal of toxic chemical pollutants from wastewater has garnered significant attention in recent times owing to its notable removal efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and eco-friendly characteristics. Nonetheless, this catalytic process necessitates augmented charge separation and distinctive interface properties to facilitate catalytic reactions for water treatment applications. Therefore, in the current study, novel g-C3N4/Ni-doped ZrO2 heterostructured hybrid catalysts have been synthesized via a hydrothermal approach. Microscopic studies reveal that ZrO2 nanospheres were distributed on the layered-like 2D structure of g-C3N4 nanosheets. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-DRS), and photoluminescence (PL) characterizations were employed to investigate the impact of bandgap, electron-hole recombination, charge transfer, and interface properties on the catalytic performance of g-C3N4/ZrO2 hybrids. XRD analysis confirmed that the Ni-ions do not disturb the host lattice crystal structure and heterostructure development between g-C3N4 and doped ZrO2 sample. Structurally, Ni-doped nanoparticles were found to be equally superficially dispersed on g-C3N4 sheets. Optical analysis results suggest that the hybrid catalyst possesses a narrow bandgap of 2.56 eV. The synthesized photocatalyst degraded rhodamine B (RhB) and tetracycline (TC) with ∼92% and ∼89% degradation efficiency, respectively. Heterostructured hybrid catalysts showed superior degradation rate constants than other catalysts. This might be attributed to the sufficient separation of electron-hole due to the development of a heterojunction. The radical scavenging experiments suggested that O2●- and ●OH radicals contributed substantially to the dye elimination activity of the composite. Therefore, the synthesized novel nanohybrid catalysts in this study present an efficient and straightforward synthesis method for the efficient removal of toxins from wastewater under visible light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan buk-do, 38541, South Korea
| | - Ch Venkata Reddy
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan buk-do, 38541, South Korea.
| | - Aashna Nagar
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala, 147004, India
| | - Soumen Basu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala, 147004, India; Affiliate Faculty-TIET-Virginia Tech Center of Excellence in Emerging Materials, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, 147004, India
| | - Nagaraj P Shetti
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Vidyanagar, Hubballi, 580 031, Karnataka, India
| | - Bai Cheolho
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan buk-do, 38541, South Korea.
| | - Jaesool Shim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan buk-do, 38541, South Korea.
| | - Raghava Reddy Kakarla
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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Reddy CV, Kakarla RR, Cheolho B, Shim J, Aminabhavi TM. Heterostructured 2D/2D ZnIn 2S 4/g-C 3N 4 nanohybrids for photocatalytic degradation of antibiotic sulfamethoxazole and photoelectrochemical properties. Environ Res 2023; 225:115585. [PMID: 36854374 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, antibiotic drugs have been extensively used owing to increased industrial growth, and this has created issues related to drinking water and a green environment. Different techniques have been used to resolve these issues, among which heterogeneous photocatalysis has been widely explored for the elimination of toxic compounds from wastewater resources. In this study, ZnIn2S4, g-C3N4, and ZnIn2S4/g-C3N4 hybrid heterostructured composites are synthesized via hydrothermal method and used these (i) for the removal of antibiotic sulfamethoxazole pollutant and (ii) photoelectrochemical water oxidation. The nanomaterials were characterized using X-ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and UV-vis spectroscopy. The developed hybrid heterostructured composites were able to degrade sulfamethoxazole pollutants as well as offer improved photoelectrochemical properties compared to pristine samples. The catalytic performance of the materials developed under visible light irradiation was greatly improved for the degradation of the antibiotic drug up to 89.4% in 2 h. Moreover, the hybrid heterostructured photoelectrode showed a better photocurrent density (8.68 mA/cm2) and exhibited ∼19.2 and 29.9 times greater photocurrent density than the pristine photoelectrodes. Such a considerably increased catalytic activity was attributed to the active separation of charge carriers and transmission. The study offers an innovative approach to develop effective catalysts, and for the degradation of sulfamethoxazole as well as the PEC properties for hydrogen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ch Venkata Reddy
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyoungsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Raghava Reddy Kakarla
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Bai Cheolho
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyoungsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jaesool Shim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyoungsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tejraj M Aminabhavi
- Center for Energy and Environment, School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Hubballi, 580 031, Karnataka, India; University Center for Research & Development (UCRO), Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, 140413, Punjab, 140 413, India.
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Peddiahgari Vasu GR, Motakatla Venkata KR, Kakarla RR, Ranganath KVS, Aminabhavi TM. Recent advances in sustainable N-heterocyclic carbene-Pd(II)-pyridine (PEPPSI) catalysts: A review. Environ Res 2023; 225:115515. [PMID: 36842701 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Various catalysts in homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysis deploy unconventional reaction pathways by lowering the activation energy (AE) barrier, controlling the selectivity, and creating environmental impact, thereby bringing about economic viability. Hence, the study of these methodologies is of immense interest. To develop a new chemistry, there is much scope for the invention of brilliant candidates that could effectively catalyze diverse reaction methodologies. The palladium-catalyzed reactions motivate interesting applications on various organic transformations under mild reaction conditions. Although phosphorous designed ligands or catalysts have been used, despite their expensiveness, sensitivity and other properties, there is the necessity of developing even better cross-coupling ligands or catalysts such as N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-based palladium complexes. These palladium-NHCs (Pd-NHC) are novel and universal nucleophilic entities that have come into light as the most successful class of catalysts in organometallic chemistry. In the same class, a specific category of palladium-NHCs such as palladium-pyridine enhanced pre-catalyst preparation by the stabilization initiation (palladium-PEPPSI) complexes, are emerging as versatile alternatives to phosphine containing palladium complexes for various cross-coupling reactions due to their excellent catalytic activity. Further to mention that NHCs are recently extensively used as ancillary ligands in organometallic chemistry, which includes industrial-related catalytic transformations due to strong σ-donors to metal centres. Apart from this, many NHC-metal complexes are the fascinating consideration in material science as probable metallo-pharmaceuticals. The current review offers a brief exploration of palladium-PEPPSI complexes over the past few years. Further, the synthesis of a variety of these types of catalysts, their applications in Suzuki-Miyaura, Buchwald-Hartwig, Sonogashira, Negishi couplings direct C2-arylation, O-C(O) cleavage, α-arylation/alkylation of carbonyl compounds and trans-amidation reactions via cross-coupling methodologies, which are covered. Additionally, reported recent developments on reusable heterogeneous PdPEPPSI complexes and their catalytic applications are being covered. Finally, the chiral Pd complexes and their asymmetric transformations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Raghava Reddy Kakarla
- School Chemical Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | | | - Tejraj M Aminabhavi
- Center for Energy and Environment, School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Hubballi, 580031, Karnataka, India; Karnatak University, Dharwad, 58003, India; University Center for Research & Development (UCRO), Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, 140413, Punjab, India.
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Reddy CV, Nagar A, Shetti NP, Reddy IN, Basu S, Shim J, Kakarla RR. Novel g-C 3N 4/BiVO 4 heterostructured nanohybrids for high efficiency photocatalytic degradation of toxic chemical pollutants. Chemosphere 2023; 322:138146. [PMID: 36806805 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Novel heterostructured hybrid catalysts are essential for the efficient photocatalytic removal of organic pollutants from wastewater generated by the pharmaceutical and textile industries. In this study, novel g-C3N4/BiVO4 nanohybrid catalysts were prepared using a solvothermal technique, and examined their structural and optical properties using different characterizations. The X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the monoclinic crystal phase of BiVO4. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images revealed that g-C3N4 sheets anchored on the surface of BiVO4 nanospheres. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis confirmed the oxidation states of g-C3N4/BiVO4 composite sample. UV-Vis DRS spectroscopy analysis revealed that the composite (2.08 eV) sample had a reduced bandgap compared to other samples. The photocatalytic properties of the prepared samples were tested in the presence of organic methylene blue (MB) and antibiotic tetracycline (TC) pollutants under visible light illumination. The hybrid composite catalyst exhibited enhanced photocatalytic degradation efficiency of MB (88%) and TC (89%) pollutants at elevated rate constants of 0.0128 and 0.01174 min-1, respectively. The improved catalytic performance of the composite catalyst is due to the heterojunctions between g-C3N4 and BiVO4 that successfully reduced the rate of charge carrier recombination in the catalyst system. Scavenger experiments revealed that O2●- and h+ radicals played a main role in the degradation of the chemical pollutants. The developed g-C3N4/BiVO4 heterostructured catalyst is a suitable candidate for removing contaminants from industrial wastewater because of its facile fabrication and exceptional photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ch Venkata Reddy
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712-749, South Korea
| | - Aashna Nagar
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala, 147004, India
| | - Nagaraj P Shetti
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Vidyanagar, Hubballi, 580 031, Karnataka, India
| | - I Neelakanta Reddy
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712-749, South Korea
| | - Soumen Basu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala, 147004, India; Affiliate Faculty-TIET-Virginia Tech Center of Excellence in Emerging Materials, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, 147004, India
| | - Jaesool Shim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712-749, South Korea.
| | - Raghava Reddy Kakarla
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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Reddy NR, Kumar AS, Reddy PM, Merum D, Kakarla RR, Jung JH, Joo SW, Aminabhavi TM. Sharp-edged pencil type ZnO flowers and BiOI flakes combined with carbon nanofibers as heterostructured hybrid photocatalysts for the removal of hazardous pollutants from contaminated water. J Environ Manage 2023; 332:117397. [PMID: 36731414 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The growth of advanced micro-and nanostructures with metal oxides has consistently generated extraordinary interest in energy and environmental applications. Cutting-edge nanostructures exhibit superior reactive sites and surface areas, thus improving the performance in crucial domains. In this study, sharp-edged pencil-type ZnO flowers and BiOI flakes as pristine materials, and their composition with carbon nanofibers (CNFs) (ZnO-BiOI@CNFs) as a hetero hybrid catalyst as well as binary compositions such as ZnO-BiOI, ZnO@CNFs, and BiOI@CNFs catalysts were fabricated using a simple and convenient hydrothermal synthesis process. The composition of newly produced innovative nanostructures was examined for azo dye degradation under solar simulator exposure. Dye degradation of ∼95% was achieved by the hybrid catalyst (ZnO-BiOI@CNFs) during 120 min of irradiation, which was ∼1.8 and 2.1-times higher than pristine ZnO and BiOI nanostructures, respectively. The improved hybrid catalysts were able to degrade methyl orange (MO) and rhodamine B (RhB) dyes. Importantly, mixed dyes RhB, MO, and azo dye demonstrated 47% dye degradation using a hybrid catalyst. These mixed dye-scalable hybrid catalyst performances offer additional insights into commercialization/industrialization. The outstanding performance of the hybrid catalyst is attributed to the unidirectional electron flow with pencil-like ZnO, a catalyst with a larger absorption zone, high surface area, and reactive sites, particularly ZnO and BiOI nanostructures, and decreased recombination rate with a heterojunction interface. In addition, CNFs can operate as electron traps and sinks, providing very quick redox reactions. To produce the sophisticated nanostructures with homogeneous morphologies, this work presents new insights into energy and environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ramesh Reddy
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - A Sai Kumar
- Department of Physics, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - P Mohan Reddy
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Dhananjaya Merum
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Raghava Reddy Kakarla
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Jae Hak Jung
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Woo Joo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tejraj M Aminabhavi
- Center for Energy and Environment, School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Hubballi, 580031, Karnataka, India; University Center for Research & Development (UCRO), Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, 140413, Punjab, 140 413, India.
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Rao NNM, Palodkar KK, Kumar TS, Sadhu V, Aminabhavi TM, Kakarla RR, Sesha Sainath AV. Water-soluble PEG segmented mannose-based macromolecules: Synthesis and their biocompatibility. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 237:124119. [PMID: 36963543 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
The macromolecular architectures, namely mannose-based methacrylate acetyl-mannopyranoside and PEG block copolymers (AB type copolymer [PEG-b-PMAM], poly(ethyleneglycol)-b-poly(methacryl-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-D-mannopyranoside and ABA type copolymer [PMAM-b-PEG-b-PMAM], poly(methacryl-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-D-mannopyranoside-b-poly(ethyleneglycol)-b-poly(methacryl-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-D-mannopyranoside) were synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) method that were deacetylated to generate the corresponding water-soluble and biocompatible glycopolymer macromolecules. The molecular weight of acetyl and deacetylate macromolecules was in the range of 7083-9499 and 4659-6026, as determined by GPC and proton NMR spectra. The 5 % decomposition temperatures for acetylated methacrylate macromolecules (218-299 °C) were higher than the corresponding water-soluble macromolecules (204-248 °C). The conjugation of poly(methacryl-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-D-mannopyranoside (PMAM) segment with the PEG block decreased the glass transition (Tg) value, and the water-soluble macromolecules displayed Tg in the range of 92-95 °C. The biocompatibility of the synthesized water-soluble mannose-based macromolecules was determined using Human Bone Derived Cells (HBDC) culture with the TCP (Tissue culture plastic) template as control. Using three different concentrations of the synthesized glycopolymers, HBDC's were cultured for 1, 3, and 7 days. The effect of mannomethacrylate macromolecules on mitochondrial activity of HBDC's was estimated using colorimetry that showed the conversion of MTS [3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium-bromide] to formazan (MTS assay). ABA type diblock copolymer architecture exhibited increased absorbance values of 3 and 7 day cultures at 1-100 M concentrations, with the highest values observed at a concentration of 1 M for day 3 cultures. The design of these novel mannose-based macromolecules is important for improving cell proliferation, cell adhesion, and osteointegration efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Naga Malleswara Rao
- Polymers and Functional Materials and Fluoro-Agrochemicals Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Krushna K Palodkar
- Polymers and Functional Materials and Fluoro-Agrochemicals Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - T Sandeep Kumar
- Polymers and Functional Materials and Fluoro-Agrochemicals Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Veera Sadhu
- Centre for Advanced Materials Application, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 11 Bratislava, Slovak Republic; Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Tejraj M Aminabhavi
- Center for Energy and Environment, School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Hubballi 580 031, Karnataka, India; School of Engineering, UPES, Bidholi, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248 007, India.
| | - Raghava Reddy Kakarla
- School Chemical Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Annadanam V Sesha Sainath
- Polymers and Functional Materials and Fluoro-Agrochemicals Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India.
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11
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Paliwal S, Sharma J, Dave V, Sharma S, Verma K, Tak K, Kakarla RR, Sadhu V, Walvekar P, Aminabhavi TM. Novel biocompatible polymer-modified liposome nanoparticles for biomedical applications. Polym Bull (Berl) 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-023-04731-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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12
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Reddy CV, Kakarla RR, Shim J, Zairov RR, Aminabhavi TM. Hydrothermally derived Cr-doped SnO 2 nanoflakes for enhanced photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical water oxidation performance under visible light irradiation. Environ Res 2023; 217:114672. [PMID: 36356664 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic dye degradation is a method of environmental degradation that is commonly used to eliminate various pollutants produced by pharmaceutical and textile industries. Herein, pure and chromium (Cr)-doped SnO2 nanoflakes were synthesized using a simple facile hydrothermal method and photocatalytic properties were studied under visible light illumination. In addition, photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation properties were also studied using the prepared samples. Doping of transition metal ions introduces structural defects, which narrow the band gap of host sample, resulting in high catalytic activity. The synthesized doped SnO2 displayed a rutile tetragonal crystal phase with a nanoflakes-like surface morphology having no other contaminations. The optical band gap of Cr-doped SnO2 nanoflakes was significantly reduced (2.48 eV) over the pure sample (3.32 eV), due to successful incorporation of Cr ions into the host lattice. Furthermore, the dye removal efficiency of these nanoflakes was investigated for methyl orange (MO) and tetracycline (TC) organic contaminations. The Cr-doped SnO2 nanoflakes exhibited superior photodegradation with 87.8% and 90.6% dye removal efficiency, within 90 min of light illumination. PEC water oxidation analysis showed that the doped photoelectrode achieved enhanced photocurrent density and showed a higher photocurrent density (1.08 mA cm-2) over that of the undoped electrode (0.60 mA cm-2). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) showed that doped electrodes exhibited lesser charge resistance than the pure electrode. The synthesized Cr-doped SnO2 nanoflakes are suitable for water oxidation and photodegradation of organic pollutants. Thus, we strongly believe that the obtained results in this report will continue to provide new opportunities for the improvement of effective visible light photocatalysts for industrial wastewater treatment and water splitting for H2 generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ch Venkata Reddy
- School of Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712749, South Korea
| | - Raghava Reddy Kakarla
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Jaesool Shim
- School of Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712749, South Korea
| | - Rustem R Zairov
- Aleksander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420008, 1/29 Lobachevskogo Str, Russian Federation
| | - Tejraj M Aminabhavi
- School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Hubballi, 580031, Karnataka, India; School of Engineering, UPES, Bidholi, Dehradun, 248 007, Uttarakhand, India.
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13
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Wang R, Venkata Reddy C, Talluri B, Kakarla RR, Zairov RR, Shim J, Aminabhavi TM. Cobalt-doped V 2O 5 hexagonal nanosheets for superior photocatalytic toxic pollutants degradation, Cr (VI) reduction, and photoelectrochemical water oxidation performance. Environ Res 2023; 217:114923. [PMID: 36435491 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide energy calamity and ecological disturbances demand materials that can remove harmful contaminants from the polluted water. Recently, semiconductor-based catalytic dye removal has created much consideration due to its high efficacy and eco-friendly contaminated water treatment processes. Vanadium oxide (V2O5) has attracted superior attention as a catalyst due to its robust oxidation power, chemical inertness, and stability against photodegradation. In this study, pristine and cobalt (Co)-doped V2O5 samples were synthesized by solvothermal method and examined for their photo-degradation activity and photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation properties. The orthorhombic crystal phase was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), hexagonal-shaped morphology was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and reduced optical band gap (2.01 eV) was noticed for doped V2O5 catalyst compared to the pristine (2.20 eV) catalyst. The doped V2O5 catalyst exhibited enhanced photodegradation of crystal violet CV (92.7%) and Cr (VI) reduction (90.5%) after 100 min of light irradiation. The doped photocatalyst exhibited approximately 2.1 and 1.9-fold enhancement of photodegradation of CV and Cr(VI) reduction, respectively. The doped electrode showed improved photocurrent density (0.54 mA/cm-2) compared to pristine electrode (0.12 mA/cm-2). Moreover, the doped electrode showed reduced charge-transfer resistance and enhanced charge-transfer properties compared to those of the pristine electrode. Hence, the prepared hexagonal-shaped V2O5 is a suitable material for the elimination of environmental contaminants from the polluted water as well as water splitting for hydrogen generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712749, South Korea
| | - Ch Venkata Reddy
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712749, South Korea
| | - Bhusankar Talluri
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, IIT, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Raghava Reddy Kakarla
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Rustem R Zairov
- Aleksander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420008, 1/29 Lobachevskogo Str., Russia
| | - Jaesool Shim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712749, South Korea.
| | - Tejraj M Aminabhavi
- School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Hubballi, 580 031, Karnataka, India; University Center for Research and Development (UCRD), Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, 140413, Punjab, India.
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Reddy CV, Kakarla RR, Cheolho B, Shim J, Rezakazemi M, Aminabhavi TM. Highly efficient photodegradation of toxic organic pollutants using Cu-doped V 2O 5 nanosheets under visible light. Chemosphere 2023; 311:137015. [PMID: 36342024 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Photodegradation of organic pollutants using metal oxides has shown extraordinary promise owing to the catalytic efficacy, low cost, less noxiousness, and good chemical constancy. In this research, pure and transition metal ions (Cu)-doped V2O5 nanosheets were synthesized and investigated for their photocatalytic efficiency using methyl blue (MB) and rhodamine B (RhB) organic dye pollutants under visible light irradiation. The orthorhombic crystal phase was confirmed by XRD analysis, which exhibited a stable phase upon incorporating Cu dopant ions. Optical properties were examined using optical absorption spectroscopy, while a reduced band gap was observed in the doped V2O5 nanosheets over the undoped sample. EIS analysis confirmed lower charge resistance in doped V2O5 nanosheets. The Cu dopant incorporation into the host matrix considerably enhanced photodegradation efficiency for MB and RhB impurities under light illumination. The improvement in catalytic efficacy is attributed to dopant ions that can separate photoinduced charge carriers and the quick movement of the charge. Moreover, comparatively lesser crystalline size, improved specific surface area, and hydroxyl group onto the catalyst surface are quite advantageous to offer better photocatalytic activity of Cu-doped V2O5 nanosheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ch Venkata Reddy
- School of Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712749, South Korea
| | - Raghava Reddy Kakarla
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Bai Cheolho
- School of Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712749, South Korea.
| | - Jaesool Shim
- School of Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712749, South Korea.
| | - Mashallah Rezakazemi
- Faculty of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
| | - Tejraj M Aminabhavi
- School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Hubballi, 580031, Karnataka, India; Department of Biotechnology, Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, 140 413 India.
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15
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Reddy NR, Kumar AS, Reddy PM, Kakarla RR, Joo SW, Aminabhavi TM. Novel rhombus Co 3O 4-nanocapsule CuO heterohybrids for efficient photocatalytic water splitting and electrochemical energy storage applications. J Environ Manage 2023; 325:116650. [PMID: 36419312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The most appealing and prominent approach for improving energy storage and conversion performance is the development of heterojunction interfaces with efficient and unique metal oxide nanostructures. Rhombus Co3O4, nanocapsule CuO, and their heterojunction composites were synthesized using a single-step hydrothermal process. The resulting heterojunction Co3O4-CuO nanocomposite outperformed the pristine Co3O4 and CuO nanostructures for the electrochemical supercapacitor and water splitting performances. The composite showed 2.4 and 1.3 times higher specific capacitance than the associated pristine CuO and Co3O4 nanostructures, while its capacitance was 395 F g-1 at a current density of 0.5 A g-1. In addition, long-term GCD results with more than 90% stability and significant capacity retention at higher scan rates revealed the unaffected structures interfaced during the electrochemical reactions. The composite photoelectrode demonstrated more than 20% of photocurrent response with light illumination than the dark condition in water splitting. Co3O4-CuO heterostructured composite electrode showed a 0.16 mA/cm2 photocurrent density, which is 3.2 and 1.7 times higher than the pristine CuO and Co3O4 electrodes, respectively. This performance was attributed to its unique structural composition, high reactive sites, strong ion diffusion, and fast electron accessibility. Electron microscopic and spectroscopic techniques confirmed the properties of the electrodes as well as their morphological properties. Overall, the heterojunction interface with novel rhombus and capsule structured architectures showed good electrochemical performance, suggesting their energy storage and conversion applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ramesh Reddy
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan - 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - A Sai Kumar
- Department of Physics, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan - 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - P Mohan Reddy
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan - 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Raghava Reddy Kakarla
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Sang Woo Joo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan - 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tejraj M Aminabhavi
- School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Hubballi 580 031, Karnataka, India; University Center for Research & Development (UCRO), Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali - 140413, Punjab, India.
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16
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Bharagav U, Ramesh Reddy N, Nava Koteswara Rao V, Ravi P, Sathish M, Rangappa D, Prathap K, Shilpa Chakra C, Shankar MV, Appels L, Aminabhavi TM, Kakarla RR, Mamatha Kumari M. Bifunctional g-C 3N 4/carbon nanotubes/WO 3 ternary nanohybrids for photocatalytic energy and environmental applications. Chemosphere 2023; 311:137030. [PMID: 36334741 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ternary nanohybrids based on mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) were synthesized and presented for developing stable and efficient Hydrogen (H2) production system. Based on photocatalytic activity, optimization was performed in three different stages to develop carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and WO3 loaded g-C3N4 (CWG-3). Initially, the effect of exfoliation was investigated, and a maximum specific surface area of 100.77 m2/g was achieved. 2D-2D interface between WO3 and g-C3N4 was targeted and achieved, to construct a highly efficient direct Z-scheme heterojunction. Optimized binary composite holds the enhanced activity of about 2.6 folds of H2 generation rates than the thermally exfoliated g-C3N4. Further, CNT loading towards binary composite in an optimized weight ratio enhances the activity by 6.86 folds than the pristine g-C3N4. Notably, optimized ternary nanohybrid generates 15,918 μmol h-1. g-1cat of molecular H2, under natural solar light irradiation with 5 vol% TEOA as a sacrificial agent. Constructive enhancements deliver remarkable H2 production and dye degradation activities. Results evident that, the same system can be useful for pilot-scale energy generation and other photocatalytic applications as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Bharagav
- Nanocatalysis and Solar Fuels Research Laboratory, Department of Materials Science & Nanotechnology, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, 516 005, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - N Ramesh Reddy
- Nanocatalysis and Solar Fuels Research Laboratory, Department of Materials Science & Nanotechnology, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, 516 005, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - V Nava Koteswara Rao
- Nanocatalysis and Solar Fuels Research Laboratory, Department of Materials Science & Nanotechnology, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, 516 005, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - P Ravi
- Electrochemical Power Sources Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute- Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Sathish
- Electrochemical Power Sources Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute- Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dinesh Rangappa
- Visvesvaraya Center for Nano Science and Technology, Visvesvaraya Technological University, Muddenahalli, Chikkaballapura, Karnataka, India
| | - K Prathap
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Electronics Science and Technology (CASEST), School of Physics, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ch Shilpa Chakra
- Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad (JNTUH), Kukatpally, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - M V Shankar
- Nanocatalysis and Solar Fuels Research Laboratory, Department of Materials Science & Nanotechnology, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, 516 005, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Lise Appels
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemical Engineering, Process and Environmental Technology Lab, Jan Pieter De Nayerlaan 5, B-2860, Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium
| | - Tejraj M Aminabhavi
- School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Hubballi, 580031, Karnataka, India; School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India.
| | - Raghava Reddy Kakarla
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - M Mamatha Kumari
- Nanocatalysis and Solar Fuels Research Laboratory, Department of Materials Science & Nanotechnology, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, 516 005, Andhra Pradesh, India.
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Reddy CV, Kakarla RR, Shim J, Aminabhavi TM. Synthesis of transition metal ions doped-ZrO 2 nanoparticles supported g-C 3N 4 hybrids for solar light-induced photocatalytic removal of methyl orange and tetracycline pollutants. Chemosphere 2022; 308:136414. [PMID: 36099985 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Photodegradation is an eco-friendly degradation process routinely employed for the removal of various pollutants produced by pharmaceutical and textile industries. In this work, g-C3N4 sheets (g-CN) supported with Fe-doped ZrO2 nanoparticles have been prepared via a facile hydrothermal method as photocatalysts for the effective photodegradation of methyl orange (MO) and tetracycline (TC). The as-prepared photocatalysts were characterized by using a wide range of techniques to understand the origin of their superior photodegradation performance. Structurally, Fe-doped ZrO2 nanoparticles were found to be uniformly superficially distributed on g-C3N4. The addition of Fe-doped ZrO2 nanoparticles was also found to improve the surface area and light absorption capacity of pure g-CN. It was further revealed that the development of heterojunctions between g-C3N4 and Fe-doped ZrO2 nanoparticles effectively reduced the recombination rate of electron and hole pairs within the photocatalyst system, resulting in improved photocatalytic activity. Previous studies have pointed at the superoxide radical anions (˙O2-) and (OH·) as being primarily responsible for the degradation of MO and TC species, leading us to hypothesize that the g-FZ composite works via a possible free-radical based catalytic mechanism to support the photodegradation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ch Venkata Reddy
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712749, South Korea
| | - Raghava Reddy Kakarla
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Jaesool Shim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712749, South Korea.
| | - Tejraj M Aminabhavi
- School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Hubballi, 580031, Karnataka, India; School of Engineering, UPES, Bidholi, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248 007, India.
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18
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Shaik S, Reddy Sirigireddy RM, Godugu K, Vemula V, Kakarla RR, Balaraman E, Nallagondu CGR, Aminabhavi TM. SiO 2-supported HClO 4 catalyzed synthesis of (Z)-thiazolylhydrazonoindolin-2-ones and their electrochemical properties. Chemosphere 2022; 309:136667. [PMID: 36202369 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, an environmentally benign silica-supported perchloric acid (HClO4-SiO2) catalyzed green FCDR strategy has been developed for the synthesis of (Z)-THIs (6) with high stereospecificity via an intramolecular hydrogen bond (IHB) directed approach, involving the reaction of methyl ketones (1), N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) (2), isatins (4) and thiosemicarbazide (5) in ethanol at reflux temperature for 45-60 min in one-pot. The reaction proceeds through the construction of C-Br (α-bromination), C-S & C-N (heterocyclization), and CN (condensation) bonds in one pot. The absolute structure of the compound (Z)-3-(2-(4-(4-bromophenyl)thiazol-2-yl)hydrazono)indolin-2-one (6e) has been confirmed by single-crystal XRD analysis. Further, the role of IHB on Z-configuration of the synthesized (Z)-THIs is proved by single-crystal XRD and 1H NMR studies. Wide substrate scope, good functional group tolerance, scalability, improved safety since the method circumvents the use of highly lachrymatric α-bromoketones as starting materials, high product yields (up to 98%), short reaction times, reusable solid Brønsted acid catalyst (HClO4-SiO2), and products that do not require column chromatography purification are all attractive features of this FCDR strategy. Electrochemical properties of THIs (6) are examined by cyclic voltammetry. The HOMO and LUMO energy level of THIs, 6a, 6c, 6d, 6j, 6o-6v, 6y, and 6aa are comparable with the reported ambipolar materials, and the HOMO levels of other THIs, 6b, 6e-6i, 6n, 6w, 6x, 6z and 6 ab-6ae are similar with the most commonly used hole transporting materials (HTMs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultana Shaik
- Green and Sustainable Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, 516 005, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Rama Mohana Reddy Sirigireddy
- Green and Sustainable Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, 516 005, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Kumar Godugu
- Green and Sustainable Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, 516 005, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Venkatramu Vemula
- Department of Physics, Krishna University Dr. M. R. Appa Row College of PG Studies, Nuzvid, 521 201, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Raghava Reddy Kakarla
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Ekambaram Balaraman
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, 517507, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Chinna Gangi Reddy Nallagondu
- Green and Sustainable Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, 516 005, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - Tejraj M Aminabhavi
- School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Hubballi, 580031, Karnataka, India.
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Shetti NP, Mishra A, Basu S, Mascarenhas RJ, Kakarla RR, Aminabhavi TM. Skin-Patchable Electrodes for Biosensor Applications: A Review. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:1823-1835. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nagaraj P. Shetti
- Center for Electrochemical Science and Materials, Department of Chemistry, KLE Institute of Technology, Hubballi 580 030, Karnataka, India
| | - Amit Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Bilkent University, Cankaya, Ankara 06008, Turkey
| | - Soumen Basu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala, Punjab 147004, India
| | - Ronald J. Mascarenhas
- Electrochemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, St. Joseph’s College (Autonomous), Lalbagh Road, Bangalore 560027, Karnataka, India
| | - Raghava Reddy Kakarla
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Tejraj M. Aminabhavi
- Pharmaceutical Engineering, SET’s College of Pharmacy, Dharwad, Karnataka 580 002, India
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Shetti NP, Nayak DS, Malode SJ, Kakarla RR, Shukla SS, Aminabhavi TM. Sensors based on ruthenium-doped TiO2 nanoparticles loaded into multi-walled carbon nanotubes for the detection of flufenamic acid and mefenamic acid. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1051:58-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Basavarajappa PS, Seethya BNH, Ganganagappa N, Eshwaraswamy KB, Kakarla RR. Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity and Biosensing of Gadolinium Substituted BiFeO3
Nanoparticles. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201801198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Patil S. Basavarajappa
- Department of Studies and Research in Industrial Chemistry; School of Chemical; Sciences, Kuvempu University; Shankaragatta-577451 India
| | - Bhojya Naik H. Seethya
- Department of Studies and Research in Industrial Chemistry; School of Chemical; Sciences, Kuvempu University; Shankaragatta-577451 India
| | | | - Kumaraswamy B. Eshwaraswamy
- Department of Studies and Research in Industrial Chemistry; School of Chemical; Sciences, Kuvempu University; Shankaragatta-577451 India
| | - Raghava Reddy Kakarla
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering; The University of Sydney; Sydney NSW Australia
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