1
|
Hamedian A, Vakili M, Brandán SA, Akbari M, Kanaani A, Darugar V. Theoretical study on the structure, spectroscopic, and current-voltage behavior of 11-Cis and Trans retinal isomers in rhodopsin. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12452. [PMID: 38816529 PMCID: PMC11140004 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63249-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, the electronic transport properties of 11-Cis and Trans retinal, components of rhodopsin, were investigated as optical molecular switches using the nonequilibrium Green's function (NEGF) formalism combined with first-principles density functional theory (DFT). These isomers, which can be reversibly converted into each other, were examined in detail. The structural and spectroscopic properties, including infrared (IR), Raman, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and ultraviolet (UV) spectra, were analyzed using the hybrid B3LYP/6-311 + + G** level of theory. Complete vibrational assignments were performed for both forms utilizing the scaled quantum mechanical force field (SQMFF) methodology. To evaluate the conductivity of these molecules, we utilized current-voltage (I-V) characteristics, transmission spectra, molecular projected self-consistent Hamiltonian (MPSH), HOMO-LUMO gap, and second-order interaction energies (E2). The trendline extrapolation of the current-voltage plots confirmed our findings. We investigated the effect of different electrodes (Ag, Au, Pt) and various connection sites (hollow, top, bridge) on conductivity. The Ag electrode with the hollow site exhibited the highest efficiency. Our results indicate that the Cis form has higher conductivity than the Trans form.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amin Hamedian
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, 91775-1436, Iran
| | - Mohammad Vakili
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, 91775-1436, Iran.
| | - Silvia A Brandán
- Cátedra de Química General, Instituto de Química, Inorgánica Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho 471, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Mahmood Akbari
- UNESCO‑UNISA-ITL Africa Chair in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (U2ACN2), College of Graduate Studies, University of South Africa (UNISA), Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Ayoub Kanaani
- School of Chemistry, Damghan University, Damghan, 36716-41167, Iran
| | - Vahidreza Darugar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, 91775-1436, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang Y, Guo H, Wu Q, Bi X, Shi E, Xiao J. Stereoselective synthesis of ( E)-α,β-unsaturated esters: triethylamine-catalyzed allylic rearrangement of enol phosphates. RSC Adv 2023; 13:13511-13515. [PMID: 37181505 PMCID: PMC10173029 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02430j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
α,β-Unsaturated esters are key structural motifs widely distributed in various biologically active molecules, and their Z/E-stereoselective synthesis has always been considered highly attractive in organic synthesis. Herein, we present a >99% (E)-stereoselective one-pot synthetic approach towards β-phosphoroxylated α,β-unsaturated esters via a mild trimethylamine-catalyzed 1,3-hydrogen migration of the corresponding unconjugated intermediates derived from the solvent-free Perkow reaction between low-cost 4-chloroacetoacetates and phosphites. Versatile β,β-disubstituted (E)-α,β-unsaturated esters were thus afforded with full (E)-stereoretentivity by cleavage of the phosphoenol linkage via Negishi cross-coupling. Moreover, a stereoretentive (E)-rich mixture of a α,β-unsaturated ester derived from 2-chloroacetoacetate was obtained and both isomers were easily afforded in one operation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian Beijing 102205 P. R. China
| | - Huichuang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian Beijing 102205 P. R. China
| | - Qian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian Beijing 102205 P. R. China
| | - Xiaojing Bi
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian Beijing 102205 P. R. China
| | - Enxue Shi
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian Beijing 102205 P. R. China
| | - Junhua Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian Beijing 102205 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hagen JFD, Roberts NS, Johnston RJ. The evolutionary history and spectral tuning of vertebrate visual opsins. Dev Biol 2023; 493:40-66. [PMID: 36370769 PMCID: PMC9729497 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2022.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Many animals depend on the sense of vision for survival. In eumetazoans, vision requires specialized, light-sensitive cells called photoreceptors. Light reaches the photoreceptors and triggers the excitation of light-detecting proteins called opsins. Here, we describe the story of visual opsin evolution from the ancestral bilaterian to the extant vertebrate lineages. We explain the mechanisms determining color vision of extant vertebrates, focusing on opsin gene losses, duplications, and the expression regulation of vertebrate opsins. We describe the sequence variation both within and between species that has tweaked the sensitivities of opsin proteins towards different wavelengths of light. We provide an extensive resource of wavelength sensitivities and mutations that have diverged light sensitivity in many vertebrate species and predict how these mutations were accumulated in each lineage based on parsimony. We suggest possible natural and sexual selection mechanisms underlying these spectral differences. Understanding how molecular changes allow for functional adaptation of animals to different environments is a major goal in the field, and therefore identifying mutations affecting vision and their relationship to photic selection pressures is imperative. The goal of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of our current understanding of opsin evolution in vertebrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna F D Hagen
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Natalie S Roberts
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Robert J Johnston
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liénard MA, Valencia-Montoya WA, Pierce NE. Molecular advances to study the function, evolution and spectral tuning of arthropod visual opsins. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20210279. [PMID: 36058235 PMCID: PMC9450095 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Visual opsins of vertebrates and invertebrates diversified independently and converged to detect ultraviolet to long wavelengths (LW) of green or red light. In both groups, colour vision largely derives from opsin number, expression patterns and changes in amino acids interacting with the chromophore. Functional insights regarding invertebrate opsin evolution have lagged behind those for vertebrates because of the disparity in genomic resources and the lack of robust in vitro systems to characterize spectral sensitivities. Here, we review bioinformatic approaches to identify and model functional variation in opsins as well as recently developed assays to measure spectral phenotypes. In particular, we discuss how transgenic lines, cAMP-spectroscopy and sensitive heterologous expression platforms are starting to decouple genotype–phenotype relationships of LW opsins to complement the classical physiological-behavioural-phylogenetic toolbox of invertebrate visual sensory studies. We illustrate the use of one heterologous method by characterizing novel LW Gq opsins from 10 species, including diurnal and nocturnal Lepidoptera, a terrestrial dragonfly and an aquatic crustacean, expressing them in HEK293T cells, and showing that their maximum absorbance spectra (λmax) range from 518 to 611 nm. We discuss the advantages of molecular approaches for arthropods with complications such as restricted availability, lateral filters, specialized photochemistry and/or electrophysiological constraints. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Understanding colour vision: molecular, physiological, neuronal and behavioural studies in arthropods’.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie A Liénard
- Department of Biology, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden.,Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Wendy A Valencia-Montoya
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Naomi E Pierce
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sugiura M, Ishikawa K, Katayama K, Sumii Y, Abe-Yoshizumi R, Tsunoda SP, Furutani Y, Shibata N, Brown LS, Kandori H. Unusual Photoisomerization Pathway in a Near-Infrared Light Absorbing Enzymerhodopsin. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:9539-9543. [PMID: 36201035 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microbial and animal rhodopsins possess retinal chromophores which capture light and normally photoisomerize from all-trans to 13-cis and from 11-cis to all-trans-retinal, respectively. Here, we show that a near-infrared light-absorbing enzymerhodopsin from Obelidium mucronatum (OmNeoR) contains the all-trans form in the dark but isomerizes into the 7-cis form upon illumination. The photoproduct (λmax = 372 nm; P372) possesses a deprotonated Schiff base, and the system exhibits a bistable nature. The photochemistry of OmNeoR was arrested at <270 K, indicating the presence of a potential barrier in the excited state. Formation of P372 is accompanied by protonation changes of protonated carboxylic acids and peptide backbone changes of an α-helix. Photoisomerization from the all-trans to 7-cis retinal conformation rarely occurs in any solvent and protein environments; thus, the present study reports on a novel photochemistry mediated by a microbial rhodopsin, leading from the all-trans to 7-cis form selectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Sugiura
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuki Ishikawa
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Kota Katayama
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
- OptoBioTechnology Research Center, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Yuji Sumii
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Rei Abe-Yoshizumi
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Satoshi P Tsunoda
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
- OptoBioTechnology Research Center, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Yuji Furutani
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
- OptoBioTechnology Research Center, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Norio Shibata
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Leonid S Brown
- Department of Physics and Biophysics Interdepartmental Group, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Hideki Kandori
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
- OptoBioTechnology Research Center, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang X, Herbert JM. Nonadiabatic dynamics with spin-flip vs linear-response time-dependent density functional theory: A case study for the protonated Schiff base C 5H 6NH 2. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:124111. [PMID: 34598550 DOI: 10.1063/5.0062757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonadiabatic trajectory surface hopping simulations are reported for trans-C5H6NH2 +, a model of the rhodopsin chromophore, using the augmented fewest-switches algorithm. Electronic structure calculations were performed using time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) in both its conventional linear-response (LR) and its spin-flip (SF) formulations. In the SF-TDDFT case, spin contamination in the low-lying singlet states is removed by projecting out the lowest triplet component during iterative solution of the TDDFT eigenvalue problem. The results show that SF-TDDFT qualitatively describes the photoisomerization of trans-C5H6NH2 +, with favorable comparison to previous studies using multireference electronic structure methods. In contrast, conventional LR-TDDFT affords qualitatively different photodynamics due to an incorrect excited-state potential surface near the Franck-Condon region. In addition, the photochemistry (involving pre-twisting of the central double bond) appears to be different for SF- and LR-TDDFT, which may be a consequence of different conical intersection topographies afforded by these two methods. The present results contrast with previous surface-hopping studies suggesting that the LR-TDDFT method's incorrect topology around S1/S0 conical intersections is immaterial to the photodynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - John M Herbert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cho SG, Shim JG, Choun K, Meas S, Kang KW, Kim JH, Cho HS, Jung KH. Discovery of a new light-driven Li +/Na +-pumping rhodopsin with DTG motif. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2021; 223:112285. [PMID: 34411952 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Microbial pumping rhodopsin is a seven-transmembrane retinal binding protein, which is light-driven ion pump with a functional key motif. Ion-pumping with the key motif and charged amino acids in the rhodopsin is biochemically important. The rhodopsins with DTG motif have been discovered in various eubacteria, and they function as H+ pump. Especially, the DTG motif rhodopsins transported H+ despite the replacement of a proton donor by Gly. We investigated Methylobacterium populi rhodopsin (MpR) in one of the DTG motif rhodopsin clades. To determine which ions the MpR transport, we tested with various monovalent ion solutions and determined that MpR transports Li+/Na+. By replacing the three negatively charged residues residues which are located in helix B, Glu32, Glu33, and Asp35, we concluded that the residues play a critical role in the transport of Li+/Na+. The MpR E33Q transported H+ in place of Li+/Na+, suggesting that Glu33 is a Li+/Na+ binding site on the cytoplasmic side. Gly93 in MpR was replaced by Asp to convert from the Li+/Na+ pump to the H+ pump, resulting in MpR G93D transporting H+. Dissociation constant (Kd) values of Na+ for MpR WT and E33Q were determined to be 4.0 and 72.5 mM, respectively. These results indicated the mechanism by which MpR E33Q transports H+. Up to now, various ion-pumping rhodopsins have been discovered, and Li+/Na+-pumping rhodopsins were only found in the NDQ motif in NaR. Here, we report a new light-driven Na+ pump MpR and have determined the important residues required for Li+/Na+-pumping different from previously known NaR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Gyu Cho
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biological Interfaces, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Gon Shim
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biological Interfaces, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Kimleng Choun
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biological Interfaces, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Seanghun Meas
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biological Interfaces, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Royal University of Phnom Penh, Phnom Penh 12000, Cambodia
| | - Kun-Wook Kang
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biological Interfaces, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Kim
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biological Interfaces, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Suk Cho
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biological Interfaces, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hwan Jung
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biological Interfaces, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sondhi Y, Ellis EA, Bybee SM, Theobald JC, Kawahara AY. Light environment drives evolution of color vision genes in butterflies and moths. Commun Biol 2021; 4:177. [PMID: 33564115 PMCID: PMC7873203 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01688-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Opsins, combined with a chromophore, are the primary light-sensing molecules in animals and are crucial for color vision. Throughout animal evolution, duplications and losses of opsin proteins are common, but it is unclear what is driving these gains and losses. Light availability is implicated, and dim environments are often associated with low opsin diversity and loss. Correlations between high opsin diversity and bright environments, however, are tenuous. To test if increased light availability is associated with opsin diversification, we examined diel niche and identified opsins using transcriptomes and genomes of 175 butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera). We found 14 independent opsin duplications associated with bright environments. Estimating their rates of evolution revealed that opsins from diurnal taxa evolve faster-at least 13 amino acids were identified with higher dN/dS rates, with a subset close enough to the chromophore to tune the opsin. These results demonstrate that high light availability increases opsin diversity and evolution rate in Lepidoptera.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yash Sondhi
- Department of Biology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Emily A Ellis
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Seth M Bybee
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Jamie C Theobald
- Department of Biology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Akito Y Kawahara
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Soto F, Hsiang JC, Rajagopal R, Piggott K, Harocopos GJ, Couch SM, Custer P, Morgan JL, Kerschensteiner D. Efficient Coding by Midget and Parasol Ganglion Cells in the Human Retina. Neuron 2020; 107:656-666.e5. [PMID: 32533915 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In humans, midget and parasol ganglion cells account for most of the input from the eyes to the brain. Yet, how they encode visual information is unknown. Here, we perform large-scale multi-electrode array recordings from retinas of treatment-naive patients who underwent enucleation surgery for choroidal malignant melanomas. We identify robust differences in the function of midget and parasol ganglion cells, consistent asymmetries between their ON and OFF types (that signal light increments and decrements, respectively) and divergence in the function of human versus non-human primate retinas. Our computational analyses reveal that the receptive fields of human midget and parasol ganglion cells divide naturalistic movies into adjacent spatiotemporal frequency domains with equal stimulus power, while the asymmetric response functions of their ON and OFF types simultaneously maximize stimulus coverage and information transmission and minimize metabolic cost. Thus, midget and parasol ganglion cells in the human retina efficiently encode our visual environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florentina Soto
- John F. Hardesty, MD, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jen-Chun Hsiang
- John F. Hardesty, MD, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Rithwick Rajagopal
- John F. Hardesty, MD, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kisha Piggott
- John F. Hardesty, MD, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - George J Harocopos
- John F. Hardesty, MD, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Steven M Couch
- John F. Hardesty, MD, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Philip Custer
- John F. Hardesty, MD, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Josh L Morgan
- John F. Hardesty, MD, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Daniel Kerschensteiner
- John F. Hardesty, MD, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Olinski LE, Lin EM, Oancea E. Illuminating insights into opsin 3 function in the skin. Adv Biol Regul 2020; 75:100668. [PMID: 31653550 PMCID: PMC7059126 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2019.100668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Because sunlight is essential for human survival, we have developed complex mechanisms for detecting and responding to light stimuli. The eyes and skin are major organs for sensing light and express several light-sensitive opsin receptors. These opsins mediate cellular responses to spectrally-distinct wavelengths of visible and ultraviolet light. How the eyes mediate visual phototransduction is well understood, but less is known about how the skin detects light. Both human and murine skin express a wide array of opsins, with one of the most highly expressed being the functionally elusive opsin 3 (OPN3). In this review we explore light reception, opsin expression and signaling in skin cells; we compile data elucidating potential functions for human OPN3 in skin, with emphasis on recent studies investigating OPN3 regulation of melanin within epidermal melanocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Olinski
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence RI, 02912, USA.
| | - Erica M Lin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence RI, 02912, USA
| | - Elena Oancea
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence RI, 02912, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pradhan E, Sato K, Akimov AV. Non-adiabatic molecular dynamics with ΔSCF excited states. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2018; 30:484002. [PMID: 30407924 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aae864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Accurate modelling of nonadiabatic transitions and electron-phonon interactions in extended systems is essential for understanding the charge and energy transfer in photovoltaic and photocatalytic materials. The extensive computational costs of the advanced excited state methods have stimulated the development of many approximations to study the nonadiabatic molecular dynamics (NA-MD) in solid-state and molecular materials. In this work, we present a novel ▵SCF-NA-MD methodology that aims to account for electron-hole interactions and electron-phonon back-reaction critical in modelling photoinduced nuclear dynamics. The excited states dynamics is described using the delta self-consistent field (▵SCF) technique within the density functional formalism and the trajectory surface hopping. The technique is implemented in the open-source Libra-X package freely available on the Internet (https://github.com/Quantum-Dynamics-Hub/Libra-X). This work illustrates the general utility of the developed ▵SCF-NA-MD methodology by characterizing the excited state energies and lifetimes, reorganization energies, photoisomerization quantum yields, and by providing the mechanistic details of reactive processes in a number of organic molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ekadashi Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260-3000, United States of America
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Barata-Morgado R, Sánchez ML, Muñoz-Losa A, Martín ME, Olivares Del Valle FJ, Aguilar MA. How Methylation Modifies the Photophysics of the Native All- trans-Retinal Protonated Schiff Base: A CASPT2/MD Study in Gas Phase and in Methanol. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:3096-3106. [PMID: 29489369 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b00773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A comparison between the free-energy surfaces of the all- trans-retinal protonated Schiff base (RPSB) and its 10-methylated derivative in gas phase and methanol solution is performed at CASSCF//CASSCF and CASPT2//CASSCF levels. Solvent effects were included using the average solvent electrostatic potential from molecular dynamics method. This is a QM/MM (quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics) method that makes use of the mean field approximation. It is found that the methyl group bonded to C10 produces noticeable changes in the solution free-energy profile of the S1 excited state, mainly in the relative stability of the minimum energy conical intersections (MECIs) with respect to the Franck-Condon (FC) point. The conical intersections yielding the 9- cis and 11- cis isomers are stabilized while that yielding the 13- cis isomer is destabilized; in fact, it becomes inaccessible by excitation to S1. Furthermore, the planar S1 minimum is not present in the methylated compound. The solvent notably stabilizes the S2 excited state at the FC geometry. Therefore, if the S2 state has an effect on the photoisomerization dynamics, it must be because it permits the RPSB population to branch around the FC point. All these changes combine to speed up the photoisomerization in the 10-methylated compound with respect to the native compound.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rute Barata-Morgado
- Área de Química Física , University of Extremadura , Avda. Elvas s/n , Edif. José Ma Viguera Lobo 3a, planta, Badajoz 06006 , Spain
| | - M Luz Sánchez
- Área de Química Física , University of Extremadura , Avda. Elvas s/n , Edif. José Ma Viguera Lobo 3a, planta, Badajoz 06006 , Spain
| | - Aurora Muñoz-Losa
- Dpto. Didáctica de las Ciencias Experimentales y Matemáticas, Facultad de Formación del Profesorado , University of Extremadura , Avda. Universidad s/n , Cáceres 10003 , Spain
| | - M Elena Martín
- Área de Química Física , University of Extremadura , Avda. Elvas s/n , Edif. José Ma Viguera Lobo 3a, planta, Badajoz 06006 , Spain
| | - Francisco J Olivares Del Valle
- Área de Química Física , University of Extremadura , Avda. Elvas s/n , Edif. José Ma Viguera Lobo 3a, planta, Badajoz 06006 , Spain
| | - Manuel A Aguilar
- Área de Química Física , University of Extremadura , Avda. Elvas s/n , Edif. José Ma Viguera Lobo 3a, planta, Badajoz 06006 , Spain
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Morzan UN, Alonso de Armiño DJ, Foglia NO, Ramírez F, González Lebrero MC, Scherlis DA, Estrin DA. Spectroscopy in Complex Environments from QM–MM Simulations. Chem Rev 2018; 118:4071-4113. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Uriel N. Morzan
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física/INQUIMAE-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. II, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego J. Alonso de Armiño
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física/INQUIMAE-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. II, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolás O. Foglia
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física/INQUIMAE-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. II, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Francisco Ramírez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física/INQUIMAE-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. II, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariano C. González Lebrero
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física/INQUIMAE-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. II, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Damián A. Scherlis
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física/INQUIMAE-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. II, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Darío A. Estrin
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física/INQUIMAE-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. II, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Flavonoid allosteric modulation of mutated visual rhodopsin associated with retinitis pigmentosa. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11167. [PMID: 28894166 PMCID: PMC5593859 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11391-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary flavonoids exhibit many biologically-relevant functions and can potentially have beneficial effects in the treatment of pathological conditions. In spite of its well known antioxidant properties, scarce structural information is available on the interaction of flavonoids with membrane receptors. Advances in the structural biology of a specific class of membrane receptors, the G protein-coupled receptors, have significantly increased our understanding of drug action and paved the way for developing improved therapeutic approaches. We have analyzed the effect of the flavonoid quercetin on the conformation, stability and function of the G protein-coupled receptor rhodopsin, and the G90V mutant associated with the retinal degenerative disease retinitis pigmentosa. By using a combination of experimental and computational methods, we suggest that quercetin can act as an allosteric modulator of opsin regenerated with 9-cis-retinal and more importantly, that this binding has a positive effect on the stability and conformational properties of the G90V mutant associated with retinitis pigmentosa. These results open new possibilities to use quercetin and other flavonoids, in combination with specific retinoids like 9-cis-retinal, for the treatment of retinal degeneration associated with retinitis pigmentosa. Moreover, the use of flavonoids as allosteric modulators may also be applicable to other members of the G protein-coupled receptors superfamily.
Collapse
|
15
|
Guo Y, Hendrickson HP, Videla PE, Chen YN, Ho J, Sekharan S, Batista VS, Tully JC, Yan ECY. Probing the remarkable thermal kinetics of visual rhodopsin with E181Q and S186A mutants. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:215104. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4984818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Heidi P. Hendrickson
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Pablo E. Videla
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Ya-Na Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Junming Ho
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Sivakumar Sekharan
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Victor S. Batista
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - John C. Tully
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Elsa C. Y. Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ahrendt SR, Medina EM, Chang CEA, Stajich JE. Exploring the binding properties and structural stability of an opsin in the chytrid Spizellomyces punctatus using comparative and molecular modeling. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3206. [PMID: 28462022 PMCID: PMC5410147 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Opsin proteins are seven transmembrane receptor proteins which detect light. Opsins can be classified into two types and share little sequence identity: type 1, typically found in bacteria, and type 2, primarily characterized in metazoa. The type 2 opsins (Rhodopsins) are a subfamily of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), a large and diverse class of seven transmembrane proteins and are generally restricted to metazoan lineages. Fungi use light receptors including opsins to sense the environment and transduce signals for developmental or metabolic changes. Opsins characterized in the Dikarya (Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes) are of the type 1 bacteriorhodopsin family but the early diverging fungal lineages have not been as well surveyed. We identified by sequence similarity a rhodopsin-like GPCR in genomes of early diverging chytrids and examined the structural characteristics of this protein to assess its likelihood to be homologous to animal rhodopsins and bind similar chromophores. Methods We used template-based structure modeling, automated ligand docking, and molecular modeling to assess the structural and binding properties of an identified opsin-like protein found in Spizellomyces punctatus, a unicellular, flagellated species belonging to Chytridiomycota, one of the earliest diverging fungal lineages. We tested if the sequence and inferred structure were consistent with a solved crystal structure of a type 2 rhodopsin from the squid Todarodes pacificus. Results Our results indicate that the Spizellomyces opsin has structural characteristics consistent with functional animal type 2 rhodopsins and is capable of maintaining a stable structure when associated with the retinaldehyde chromophore, specifically the 9-cis-retinal isomer. Together, these results support further the homology of Spizellomyces opsins to animal type 2 rhodopsins. Discussion This represents the first test of structure/function relationship of a type 2 rhodopsin identified in early branching fungal lineages, and provides a foundation for future work exploring pathways and components of photoreception in early fungi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven R Ahrendt
- Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.,Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.,Genetics, Genomics, and Bioinformatics Program, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Edgar Mauricio Medina
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Chia-En A Chang
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Jason E Stajich
- Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.,Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Buscone S, Mardaryev AN, Raafs B, Bikker JW, Sticht C, Gretz N, Farjo N, Uzunbajakava NE, Botchkareva NV. A new path in defining light parameters for hair growth: Discovery and modulation of photoreceptors in human hair follicle. Lasers Surg Med 2017; 49:705-718. [PMID: 28418107 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Though devices for hair growth based on low levels of light have shown encouraging results, further improvements of their efficacy is impeded by a lack of knowledge on the exact molecular targets that mediate physiological response in skin and hair follicle. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of selected light-sensitive receptors in the human hair follicle and to study the impact of UV-free blue light on hair growth ex vivo. MATERIAL AND METHODS The expression of Opsin receptors in human skin and hair follicles has been characterized using RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence approaches. The functional significance of Opsin 3 was assessed by silencing its expression in the hair follicle cells followed by a transcriptomic profiling. Proprietary LED-based devices emitting two discrete visible wavelengths were used to access the effects of selected optical parameters on hair growth ex vivo and outer root sheath cells in vitro. RESULTS The expression of OPN2 (Rhodopsin) and OPN3 (Panopsin, Encephalopsin) was detected in the distinct compartments of skin and anagen hair follicle. Treatment with 3.2 J/cm2 of blue light with 453 nm central wavelength significantly prolonged anagen phase in hair follicles ex vivo that was correlated with sustained proliferation in the light-treated samples. In contrast, hair follicle treatment with 3.2 J/cm2 of 689 nm light (red light) did not significantly affect hair growth ex vivo. Silencing of OPN3 in the hair follicle outer root sheath cells resulted in the altered expression of genes involved in the control of proliferation and apoptosis, and abrogated stimulatory effects of blue light (3.2 J/cm2 ; 453 nm) on proliferation in the outer root sheath cells. CONCLUSIONS We provide the first evidence that (i) OPN2 and OPN3 are expressed in human hair follicle, and (ii) A 453 nm blue light at low radiant exposure exerts a positive effect on hair growth ex vivo, potentially via interaction with OPN3. Lasers Surg. Med. 49:705-718, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serena Buscone
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Centre for Skin Sciences, Bradford, West Yorkshire BD7 1DP, United Kingdom.,Philips Research, High Tech Campus 34, Eindhoven 5656 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Andrei N Mardaryev
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Centre for Skin Sciences, Bradford, West Yorkshire BD7 1DP, United Kingdom
| | - Bianca Raafs
- Philips Research, High Tech Campus 34, Eindhoven 5656 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Jan W Bikker
- Consultants in Quantitative Methods BV, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Carsten Sticht
- Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Center of Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Norbert Gretz
- Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Center of Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Natalia V Botchkareva
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Centre for Skin Sciences, Bradford, West Yorkshire BD7 1DP, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yasin B, Kohn E, Peters M, Zaguri R, Weiss S, Schopf K, Katz B, Huber A, Minke B. Ectopic Expression of Mouse Melanopsin in Drosophila Photoreceptors Reveals Fast Response Kinetics and Persistent Dark Excitation. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:3624-3636. [PMID: 28119450 PMCID: PMC5339748 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.754770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The intrinsically photosensitive M1 retinal ganglion cells (ipRGC) initiate non-image-forming light-dependent activities and express the melanopsin (OPN4) photopigment. Several features of ipRGC photosensitivity are characteristic of fly photoreceptors. However, the light response kinetics of ipRGC is much slower due to unknown reasons. Here we used transgenic Drosophila, in which the mouse OPN4 replaced the native Rh1 photopigment of Drosophila R1-6 photoreceptors, resulting in deformed rhabdomeric structure. Immunocytochemistry revealed OPN4 expression at the base of the rhabdomeres, mainly at the rhabdomeral stalk. Measurements of the early receptor current, a linear manifestation of photopigment activation, indicated large expression of OPN4 in the plasma membrane. Comparing the early receptor current amplitude and action spectra between WT and the Opn4-expressing Drosophila further indicated that large quantities of a blue absorbing photopigment were expressed, having a dark stable blue intermediate state. Strikingly, the light-induced current of the Opn4-expressing fly photoreceptors was ∼40-fold faster than that of ipRGC. Furthermore, an intense white flash induced a small amplitude prolonged dark current composed of discrete unitary currents similar to the Drosophila single photon responses. The induction of prolonged dark currents by intense blue light could be suppressed by a following intense green light, suggesting induction and suppression of prolonged depolarizing afterpotential. This is the first demonstration of heterologous functional expression of mammalian OPN4 in the genetically emendable Drosophila photoreceptors. Moreover, the fast OPN4-activated ionic current of Drosophila photoreceptors relative to that of mouse ipRGC, indicates that the slow light response of ipRGC does not arise from an intrinsic property of melanopsin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Yasin
- From the Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC) and the Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences (ELSC), Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91120, Israel and
| | - Elkana Kohn
- From the Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC) and the Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences (ELSC), Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91120, Israel and
| | - Maximilian Peters
- From the Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC) and the Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences (ELSC), Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91120, Israel and
| | - Rachel Zaguri
- From the Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC) and the Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences (ELSC), Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91120, Israel and
| | - Shirley Weiss
- From the Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC) and the Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences (ELSC), Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91120, Israel and
| | - Krystina Schopf
- the Department of Biosensorics, Institute of Physiology, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ben Katz
- From the Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC) and the Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences (ELSC), Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91120, Israel and
| | - Armin Huber
- the Department of Biosensorics, Institute of Physiology, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Baruch Minke
- From the Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC) and the Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences (ELSC), Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91120, Israel and
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Varsano D, Caprasecca S, Coccia E. Theoretical description of protein field effects on electronic excitations of biological chromophores. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2017; 29:013002. [PMID: 27830666 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/29/1/013002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Photoinitiated phenomena play a crucial role in many living organisms. Plants, algae, and bacteria absorb sunlight to perform photosynthesis, and convert water and carbon dioxide into molecular oxygen and carbohydrates, thus forming the basis for life on Earth. The vision of vertebrates is accomplished in the eye by a protein called rhodopsin, which upon photon absorption performs an ultrafast isomerisation of the retinal chromophore, triggering the signal cascade. Many other biological functions start with the photoexcitation of a protein-embedded pigment, followed by complex processes comprising, for example, electron or excitation energy transfer in photosynthetic complexes. The optical properties of chromophores in living systems are strongly dependent on the interaction with the surrounding environment (nearby protein residues, membrane, water), and the complexity of such interplay is, in most cases, at the origin of the functional diversity of the photoactive proteins. The specific interactions with the environment often lead to a significant shift of the chromophore excitation energies, compared with their absorption in solution or gas phase. The investigation of the optical response of chromophores is generally not straightforward, from both experimental and theoretical standpoints; this is due to the difficulty in understanding diverse behaviours and effects, occurring at different scales, with a single technique. In particular, the role played by ab initio calculations in assisting and guiding experiments, as well as in understanding the physics of photoactive proteins, is fundamental. At the same time, owing to the large size of the systems, more approximate strategies which take into account the environmental effects on the absorption spectra are also of paramount importance. Here we review the recent advances in the first-principle description of electronic and optical properties of biological chromophores embedded in a protein environment. We show their applications on paradigmatic systems, such as the light-harvesting complexes, rhodopsin and green fluorescent protein, emphasising the theoretical frameworks which are of common use in solid state physics, and emerging as promising tools for biomolecular systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Varsano
- S3 Center, CNR Institute of Nanoscience, Via Campi 213/A, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Xie P, Zhang Y. Why choose 9-cis retinal for therapy of congenital stationary night blindness caused by G90D rhodopsin? Theor Chem Acc 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-016-2039-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
21
|
Guareschi R, Valsson O, Curutchet C, Mennucci B, Filippi C. Electrostatic versus Resonance Interactions in Photoreceptor Proteins: The Case of Rhodopsin. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:4547-4553. [PMID: 27786481 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b02043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Light sensing in photoreceptor proteins is subtly modulated by the multiple interactions between the chromophoric unit and its binding pocket. Many theoretical and experimental studies have tried to uncover the fundamental origin of these interactions but reached contradictory conclusions as to whether electrostatics, polarization, or intrinsically quantum effects prevail. Here, we select rhodopsin as a prototypical photoreceptor system to reveal the molecular mechanism underlying these interactions and regulating the spectral tuning. Combining a multireference perturbation method and density functional theory with a classical but atomistic and polarizable embedding scheme, we show that accounting for electrostatics only leads to a qualitatively wrong picture, while a responsive environment can successfully capture both the classical and quantum dominant effects. Several residues are found to tune the excitation by both differentially stabilizing ground and excited states and through nonclassical "inductive resonance" interactions. The results obtained with such a quantum-in-classical model are validated against both experimental data and fully quantum calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Guareschi
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente , P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Omar Valsson
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Bioscience, ETH Zurich and Facoltà di Informatica, Instituto di Scienze Computazionali, Università della Svizzera italiana , Via Giuseppe Buffi 13, CH-6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Carles Curutchet
- Departament de Fisicoquímica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona , Av. Joan XXIII, s/n 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Benedetta Mennucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa , Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudia Filippi
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente , P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chen H, Zhu H, Liu P, Li L. A study on the conformational space of the all-trans retinal deprotonated Schiff base. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
23
|
Chan SK, Kawaguchi H, Kubo H, Murakami M, Ihara K, Maki K, Kouyama T. Crystal Structure of the 11-cis Isomer of Pharaonis Halorhodopsin: Structural Constraints on Interconversions among Different Isomeric States. Biochemistry 2016; 55:4092-104. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siu Kit Chan
- Department
of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Haruki Kawaguchi
- Department
of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kubo
- Department
of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Midori Murakami
- Department
of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kunio Ihara
- Center
for Gene Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kosuke Maki
- Department
of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Kouyama
- Department
of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- RIKEN Harima Branch, 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Molecular bases for the selection of the chromophore of animal rhodopsins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:15297-302. [PMID: 26607446 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1510262112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The functions of microbial and animal rhodopsins are triggered by the isomerization of their all-trans and 11-cis retinal chromophores, respectively. To lay the molecular basis driving the evolutionary transition from the all-trans to the 11-cis chromophore, multiconfigurational quantum chemistry is used to compare the isomerization mechanisms of the sensory rhodopsin from the cyanobacterium Anabaena PCC 7120 (ASR) and of the bovine rhodopsin (Rh). It is found that, despite their evolutionary distance, these eubacterial and vertebrate rhodopsins start to isomerize via distinct implementations of the same bicycle-pedal mechanism originally proposed by Warshel [Warshel A (1976) Nature 260:678-683]. However, by following the electronic structure changes of ASR (featuring the all-trans chromophore) during the isomerization, we find that ASR enters a region of degeneracy between the first and second excited states not found in Rh (featuring the 11-cis chromophore). We show that such degeneracy is modulated by the preorganized structure of the chromophore and by the position of the reactive double bond. It is argued that the optimization of the electronic properties of the chromophore, which affects the photoisomerization efficiency and the thermal isomerization barrier, provided a key factor for the emergence of the striking amino acid sequence divergence observed between the microbial and animal rhodopsins.
Collapse
|
25
|
Sekharan S, Ertem MZ, Zhuang H, Block E, Matsunami H, Zhang R, Wei JN, Pan Y, Batista VS. QM/MM model of the mouse olfactory receptor MOR244-3 validated by site-directed mutagenesis experiments. Biophys J 2015; 107:L5-L8. [PMID: 25185561 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2014.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding structure/function relationships of olfactory receptors is challenging due to the lack of x-ray structural models. Here, we introduce a QM/MM model of the mouse olfactory receptor MOR244-3, responsive to organosulfur odorants such as (methylthio)methanethiol. The binding site consists of a copper ion bound to the heteroatoms of amino-acid residues H105, C109, and N202. The model is consistent with site-directed mutagenesis experiments and biochemical measurements of the receptor activation, and thus provides a valuable framework for further studies of the sense of smell at the molecular level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehmed Z Ertem
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York.
| | - Hanyi Zhuang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China; Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine/Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China.
| | - Eric Block
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York
| | - Hiroaki Matsunami
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Ruina Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jennifer N Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Yi Pan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Victor S Batista
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Dong X, Ramon E, Herrera-Hernández MG, Garriga P. Phospholipid Bicelles Improve the Conformational Stability of Rhodopsin Mutants Associated with Retinitis Pigmentosa. Biochemistry 2015; 54:4795-804. [PMID: 26181234 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the visual photoreceptor rhodopsin are the cause of the retinal degenerative disease retinitis pigmentosa. Some naturally occurring mutations can lead to protein conformational instability. Two such mutations, N55K and G90V, in the first and second transmembrane helices of the receptor, have been associated with sector and classical retinitis pigmentosa, respectively, and showed enhanced thermal sensitivity. We have carefully analyzed the effect of phospholipid bicelles on the stability and ligand binding properties of these two mutants and compared it with those of the detergent-solubilized samples. We have used a phospholipid bilayer consisting of 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and 1,2-dihexanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DHPC). We find that DMPC/DHPC bicelles dramatically increase the thermal stability of the rhodopsin mutants G90V and N55K. The chromophore stability and regeneration of the mutants were also increased in bicelles when compared to their behavior in a dodecyl maltoside detergent solution. The retinal release process was slowed in bicelles, and chromophore entry, after illumination, was improved for the G90V mutant but not for N55K. Furthermore, fluorescence spectroscopy measurements showed that bicelles allowed more exogenous retinal binding to the photoactivated G90V mutant than in a detergent solution. In contrast, N55K could not reposition any chromophore either in the detergent or in bicelles. The results demonstrate that DMPC/DHPC bicelles can counteract the destabilizing effect of the disease-causing mutations and can modulate the structural changes in the ensuing receptor photoactivation in a distinct specific manner for different retinitis pigmentosa mutant phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Dong
- Grup de Biotecnologia Molecular i Industrial, Centre de Biotecnologia Molecular, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Edifici Gaia, Rambla de Sant Nebridi 22, 08222 Terrassa, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Eva Ramon
- Grup de Biotecnologia Molecular i Industrial, Centre de Biotecnologia Molecular, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Edifici Gaia, Rambla de Sant Nebridi 22, 08222 Terrassa, Catalonia, Spain
| | - María Guadalupe Herrera-Hernández
- Grup de Biotecnologia Molecular i Industrial, Centre de Biotecnologia Molecular, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Edifici Gaia, Rambla de Sant Nebridi 22, 08222 Terrassa, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Pere Garriga
- Grup de Biotecnologia Molecular i Industrial, Centre de Biotecnologia Molecular, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Edifici Gaia, Rambla de Sant Nebridi 22, 08222 Terrassa, Catalonia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Chung LW, Sameera WMC, Ramozzi R, Page AJ, Hatanaka M, Petrova GP, Harris TV, Li X, Ke Z, Liu F, Li HB, Ding L, Morokuma K. The ONIOM Method and Its Applications. Chem Rev 2015; 115:5678-796. [PMID: 25853797 DOI: 10.1021/cr5004419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 738] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lung Wa Chung
- †Department of Chemistry, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - W M C Sameera
- ‡Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, 34-4 Takano Nishihiraki-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
| | - Romain Ramozzi
- ‡Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, 34-4 Takano Nishihiraki-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
| | - Alister J Page
- §Newcastle Institute for Energy and Resources, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia
| | - Miho Hatanaka
- ‡Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, 34-4 Takano Nishihiraki-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
| | - Galina P Petrova
- ∥Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sofia, Bulgaria Boulevard James Bourchier 1, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Travis V Harris
- ‡Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, 34-4 Takano Nishihiraki-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan.,⊥Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Oswego, Oswego, New York 13126, United States
| | - Xin Li
- #State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhuofeng Ke
- ∇School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Fengyi Liu
- ○Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Hai-Bei Li
- ■School of Ocean, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Lina Ding
- ▲School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Keiji Morokuma
- ‡Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, 34-4 Takano Nishihiraki-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Emanuel AJ, Do MTH. Melanopsin tristability for sustained and broadband phototransduction. Neuron 2015; 85:1043-55. [PMID: 25741728 PMCID: PMC4351474 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Mammals rely upon three ocular photoreceptors to sense light: rods, cones, and intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs). Rods and cones resolve details in the visual scene. Conversely, ipRGCs integrate over time and space, primarily to support "non-image" vision. The integrative mechanisms of ipRGCs are enigmatic, particularly since these cells use a phototransduction motif that allows invertebrates like Drosophila to parse light with exceptional temporal resolution. Here, we provide evidence for a single mechanism that allows ipRGCs to integrate over both time and wavelength. Light distributes the visual pigment, melanopsin, across three states, two silent and one signaling. Photoequilibration among states maintains pigment availability for sustained signaling, stability of the signaling state permits minutes-long temporal summation, and modest spectral separation of the silent states promotes uniform activation across wavelengths. By broadening the tuning of ipRGCs in both temporal and chromatic domains, melanopsin tristability produces signal integration for physiology and behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan Joseph Emanuel
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center and Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Center for Life Science 12061, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Michael Tri Hoang Do
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center and Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Center for Life Science 12061, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Mertz B, Feng J, Corcoran C, Neeley B. Explaining the mobility of retinal in activated rhodopsin and opsin. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2015; 14:1952-64. [PMID: 26248892 DOI: 10.1039/c5pp00173k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Computational studies reveal flexibility of the rhodopsin cofactor, retinal, within the protein binding pocket that play a key role in the activated state and regeneration of rhodopsin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Blake Mertz
- The C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry
- West Virginia University
- Morgantown
- USA
| | - Jun Feng
- The C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry
- West Virginia University
- Morgantown
- USA
| | - Conor Corcoran
- The C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry
- West Virginia University
- Morgantown
- USA
| | - Brandon Neeley
- The C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry
- West Virginia University
- Morgantown
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Coughlan NJA, Adamson BD, Gamon L, Catani K, Bieske EJ. Retinal shows its true colours: photoisomerization action spectra of mobility-selected isomers of the retinal protonated Schiff base. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:22623-31. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp03611a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Isomers of the retinal protonated Schiff base are separated and probed using laser radiation in a tandem ion mobility spectrometer yielding isomer-specific electronic spectra.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - B. D. Adamson
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Melbourne
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - L. Gamon
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Melbourne
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - K. Catani
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Melbourne
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - E. J. Bieske
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Melbourne
- Melbourne
- Australia
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Unusual kinetics of thermal decay of dim-light photoreceptors in vertebrate vision. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:10438-43. [PMID: 25002518 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1410826111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We present measurements of rate constants for thermal-induced reactions of the 11-cis retinyl chromophore in vertebrate visual pigment rhodopsin, a process that produces noise and limits the sensitivity of vision in dim light. At temperatures of 52.0-64.6 °C, the rate constants fit well to an Arrhenius straight line with, however, an unexpectedly large activation energy of 114 ± 8 kcal/mol, which is much larger than the 60-kcal/mol photoactivation energy at 500 nm. Moreover, we obtain an unprecedentedly large prefactor of 10(72±5) s(-1), which is roughly 60 orders of magnitude larger than typical frequencies of molecular motions! At lower temperatures, the measured Arrhenius parameters become more normal: Ea = 22 ± 2 kcal/mol and Apref = 10(9±1) s(-1) in the range of 37.0-44.5 °C. We present a theoretical framework and supporting calculations that attribute this unusual temperature-dependent kinetics of rhodopsin to a lowering of the reaction barrier at higher temperatures due to entropy-driven partial breakup of the rigid hydrogen-bonding network that hinders the reaction at lower temperatures.
Collapse
|
32
|
Caprasecca S, Jurinovich S, Viani L, Curutchet C, Mennucci B. Geometry Optimization in Polarizable QM/MM Models: The Induced Dipole Formulation. J Chem Theory Comput 2014; 10:1588-98. [DOI: 10.1021/ct500021d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Caprasecca
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, University of Pisa, Via Risorgimento
35, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sandro Jurinovich
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, University of Pisa, Via Risorgimento
35, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lucas Viani
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, University of Pisa, Via Risorgimento
35, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Carles Curutchet
- Departament
de Fisicoquímica Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Benedetta Mennucci
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, University of Pisa, Via Risorgimento
35, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ernst OP, Lodowski DT, Elstner M, Hegemann P, Brown L, Kandori H. Microbial and animal rhodopsins: structures, functions, and molecular mechanisms. Chem Rev 2014; 114:126-63. [PMID: 24364740 PMCID: PMC3979449 DOI: 10.1021/cr4003769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 770] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver P. Ernst
- Departments
of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Medical Sciences Building, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - David T. Lodowski
- Center
for Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Case
Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Marcus Elstner
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute
of Technology, Kaiserstrasse
12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Peter Hegemann
- Institute
of Biology, Experimental Biophysics, Humboldt-Universität
zu Berlin, Invalidenstrasse
42, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Leonid
S. Brown
- Department
of Physics and Biophysics Interdepartmental Group, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Hideki Kandori
- Department
of Frontier Materials, Nagoya Institute
of Technology, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Sekharan S, Mooney VL, Rivalta I, Kazmi MA, Neitz M, Neitz J, Sakmar TP, Yan ECY, Batista VS. Spectral tuning of ultraviolet cone pigments: an interhelical lock mechanism. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:19064-7. [PMID: 24295328 DOI: 10.1021/ja409896y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) cone pigments can provide insights into the molecular evolution of vertebrate vision since they are nearer to ancestral pigments than the dim-light rod photoreceptor rhodopsin. While visible-absorbing pigments contain an 11-cis retinyl chromophore with a protonated Schiff-base (PSB11), UV pigments uniquely contain an unprotonated Schiff-base (USB11). Upon F86Y mutation in model UV pigments, both the USB11 and PSB11 forms of the chromophore are found to coexist at physiological pH. The origin of this intriguing equilibrium remains to be understood at the molecular level. Here, we address this phenomenon and the role of the USB11 environment in spectral tuning by combining mutagenesis studies with spectroscopic (UV-vis) and theoretical [DFT-QM/MM (SORCI+Q//B3LYP/6-31G(d): Amber96)] analysis. We compare structural models of the wild-type (WT), F86Y, S90A and S90C mutants of Siberian hamster ultraviolet (SHUV) cone pigment to explore structural rearrangements that stabilize USB11 over PSB11. We find that the PSB11 forms upon F86Y mutation and is stabilized by an "inter-helical lock" (IHL) established by hydrogen-bonding networks between transmembrane (TM) helices TM6, TM2, and TM3 (including water w2c and amino acid residues Y265, F86Y, G117, S118, A114, and E113). The findings implicate the involvement of the IHL in constraining the displacement of TM6, an essential component of the activation of rhodopsin, in the spectral tuning of UV pigments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sivakumar Sekharan
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107 United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Álvarez R, Vaz B, Gronemeyer H, de Lera ÁR. Functions, therapeutic applications, and synthesis of retinoids and carotenoids. Chem Rev 2013; 114:1-125. [PMID: 24266866 DOI: 10.1021/cr400126u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosana Álvarez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Centro de Investigación Biomédica (CINBIO), and Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Vigo (IBIV), Universidade de Vigo , 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Pal R, Sekharan S, Batista VS. Spectral Tuning in Halorhodopsin: The Chloride Pump Photoreceptor. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:9624-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja404600z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rhitankar Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut
06520-8107, United States
| | - Sivakumar Sekharan
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut
06520-8107, United States
| | - Victor S. Batista
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut
06520-8107, United States
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Cascella M, Bärfuss S, Stocker A. Cis-retinoids and the chemistry of vision. Arch Biochem Biophys 2013; 539:187-95. [PMID: 23791723 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We discuss here principal biochemical transformations of retinoid molecules in the visual cycle. We focus our analysis on the accumulating evidence of alternate pathways and functional redundancies in the cycle. The efficiency of the visual cycle depends, on one hand, on fast regeneration of the photo-bleached chromophores. On the other hand, it is crucial that the cyclic process should be highly selective to avoid accumulation of byproducts. The state-of-the-art knowledge indicates that single enzymatically active components of the cycle are not strictly selective and may require chaperones to enhance their rates. It appears that protein-protein interactions significantly improve the biological stability of the visual cycle. In particular, synthesis of thermodynamically less stable 11-cis-retinoid conformers is favored by physical interactions of the isomerases present in the retina with cellular retinaldehyde binding protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Cascella
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Valsson O, Campomanes P, Tavernelli I, Rothlisberger U, Filippi C. Rhodopsin Absorption from First Principles: Bypassing Common Pitfalls. J Chem Theory Comput 2013; 9:2441-54. [PMID: 26583734 DOI: 10.1021/ct3010408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bovine rhodopsin is the most extensively studied retinal protein and is considered the prototype of this important class of photosensitive biosystems involved in the process of vision. Many theoretical investigations have attempted to elucidate the role of the protein matrix in modulating the absorption of retinal chromophore in rhodopsin, but, while generally agreeing in predicting the correct location of the absorption maximum, they often reached contradicting conclusions on how the environment tunes the spectrum. To address this controversial issue, we combine here a thorough structural and dynamical characterization of rhodopsin with a careful validation of its excited-state properties via the use of a wide range of state-of-the-art quantum chemical approaches including various flavors of time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT), different multireference perturbative schemes (CASPT2 and NEVPT2), and quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) methods. Through extensive quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) molecular dynamics simulations, we obtain a comprehensive structural description of the chromophore-protein system and sample a wide range of thermally accessible configurations. We show that, in order to obtain reliable excitation properties, it is crucial to employ a sufficient number of representative configurations of the system. In fact, the common use of a single, ad hoc structure can easily lead to an incorrect model and an agreement with experimental absorption spectra due to cancelation of errors. Finally, we show that, to properly account for polarization effects on the chromophore and to quench the large blue-shift induced by the counterion on the excitation energies, it is necessary to adopt an enhanced description of the protein environment as given by a large quantum region including as many as 250 atoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omar Valsson
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente , P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Pablo Campomanes
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ivano Tavernelli
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ursula Rothlisberger
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Filippi
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente , P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Wang B, Xiao JH, Bian SN, Niu LM, Murphy RW, Huang DW. Evolution and expression plasticity of opsin genes in a fig pollinator, Ceratosolen solmsi. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53907. [PMID: 23342036 PMCID: PMC3547053 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Figs and fig pollinators have co-evolved species-specific systems of mutualism. So far, it was unknown how visual opsin genes of pollinators have evolved in the light conditions inside their host figs. We cloned intact full-length mRNA sequences of four opsin genes from a species of fig pollinator, Ceratosolen solmsi, and tested for selective pressure and expressional plasticity of these genes. Molecular evolutionary analysis indicated that the four opsin genes evolved under different selective constraints. Subsets of codons in the two long wavelength sensitive opsin (LW1, LW2) genes were positively selected in ancestral fig pollinators. The ultraviolet sensitive opsin (UV) gene was under strong purifying selection, whereas a relaxation of selective constrains occurred on several amino acids in the blue opsin. RT-qPCR analysis suggested that female and male fig pollinators had different expression patterns possibly due to their distinct lifestyles and different responses to light within the syconia. Co-evolutionary history with figs might have influenced the evolution and expression plasticity of opsin genes in fig pollinators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Hua Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng-Nan Bian
- Plant Protection College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Li-Ming Niu
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan, China
| | - Robert W. Murphy
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Da-Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Plant Protection College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Sekharan S, Wei JN, Batista VS. The Active Site of Melanopsin: The Biological Clock Photoreceptor. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:19536-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja308763b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sivakumar Sekharan
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven,
Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Jennifer N. Wei
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven,
Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Victor S. Batista
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven,
Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Bergueiro J, Montenegro J, Saá C, López S. Synthesis of 11-cis-Retinoids by Hydrosilylation-Protodesilylation of an 11,12-Didehydro Precursor: Easy Access to 11- and 12-Mono- and 11,12-Dideuteroretinoids. Chemistry 2012; 18:14100-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201202260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
42
|
Yoshida T, Hitaoka S, Mashima A, Sugimoto T, Matoba H, Chuman H. Combined QM/MM (ONIOM) and QSAR approach to the study of complex formation of matrix metalloproteinase‑9 with a series of biphenylsulfonamides−LERE-QSAR analysis (V). J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:10283-9. [PMID: 22845734 DOI: 10.1021/jp305476x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We previously proposed a novel QSAR (quantitative structure-activity relationship) procedure called LERE (linear expression by representative energy terms)-QSAR involving molecular calculations such as an ab initio fragment molecular orbital ones. In the present work, we applied LERE-QSAR to complex formation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) with a series of substituted biphenylsulfonamides. The results shows that the overall free-energy change accompanying complex formation is due to predominantly the contribution from the electrostatic interaction with the zinc atom in the active site of MMP-9. Carbonic anhydrase (CA) belongs to the zinc-containing protease family. In contrast to the current case of MMP-9, the overall free-energy change during complex formation of CA with a series of benzenesulfonamides is due to the contributions from the solvation and dissociation free-energy changes, as previously reported. Comparison of the two sets of results indicates quantitative differences in the relative contributions of free-energy components to the overall free-energy change between the two data sets, corresponding with those in the respective classical QSAR equations. The LERE-QSAR procedure was demonstrated to quantitatively reveal differences in the binding mechanisms between the two cases involving similar but different zinc-containing proteins at the electronic and atomic levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsusada Yoshida
- Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School , 1-78 Shomachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Matsuyama T, Yamashita T, Imamoto Y, Shichida Y. Photochemical properties of mammalian melanopsin. Biochemistry 2012; 51:5454-62. [PMID: 22670683 DOI: 10.1021/bi3004999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Melanopsin is the photoreceptor molecule of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells, which serve as the input for various nonvisual behavior and physiological functions fundamental to organisms. The retina, therefore, possess a melanopsin-based nonvisual system in addition to the visual system based on the classical visual photoreceptor molecules. To elucidate the molecular properties of melanopsin, we have exogenously expressed mouse melanopsin in cultured cells. We were able to obtain large amounts of purified mouse melanopsin and conducted a comprehensive spectroscopic study of its photochemical properties. Melanopsin has an absorption maximum at 467 nm, and it converts to a meta intermediate having an absorption maximum at 476 nm. The melanopsin photoreaction is similar to that of squid rhodopsin, exhibiting bistability that results in a photosteady mixture of a resting state (melanopsin containing 11-cis-retinal) and an excited state (metamelanopsin containing all-trans-retinal) upon sustained irradiation. The absorption coefficient of melanopsin is 33000 ± 1000 M(-1) cm(-1), and its quantum yield of isomerization is 0.52; these values are also typical of invertebrate bistable pigments. Thus, the nonvisual system in the retina relies on a type of photoreceptor molecule different from that of the visual system. Additionally, we found a new state of melanopsin, containing 7-cis-retinal (extramelanopsin), which forms readily upon long-wavelength irradiation (yellow to red light) and photoconverts to metamelanopsin with short-wavelength (blue light) irradiation. Although it is unclear whether extramelanopsin would have any physiological role, it could potentially allow wavelength-dependent regulation of melanopsin functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Take Matsuyama
- Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Sekharan S, Katayama K, Kandori H, Morokuma K. Color vision: "OH-site" rule for seeing red and green. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:10706-12. [PMID: 22663599 DOI: 10.1021/ja304820p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Eyes gather information, and color forms an extremely important component of the information, more so in the case of animals to forage and navigate within their immediate environment. By using the ONIOM (QM/MM) (ONIOM = our own N-layer integrated molecular orbital plus molecular mechanics) method, we report a comprehensive theoretical analysis of the structure and molecular mechanism of spectral tuning of monkey red- and green-sensitive visual pigments. We show that interaction of retinal with three hydroxyl-bearing amino acids near the β-ionone ring part of the retinal in opsin, A164S, F261Y, and A269T, increases the electron delocalization, decreases the bond length alternation, and leads to variation in the wavelength of maximal absorbance of the retinal in the red- and green-sensitive visual pigments. On the basis of the analysis, we propose the "OH-site" rule for seeing red and green. This rule is also shown to account for the spectral shifts obtained from hydroxyl-bearing amino acids near the Schiff base in different visual pigments: at site 292 (A292S, A292Y, and A292T) in bovine and at site 111 (Y111) in squid opsins. Therefore, the OH-site rule is shown to be site-specific and not pigment-specific and thus can be used for tracking spectral shifts in any visual pigment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sivakumar Sekharan
- Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta Georgia 30322, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Inoue K, Reissig L, Sakai M, Kobayashi S, Homma M, Fujii M, Kandori H, Sudo Y. Absorption Spectra and Photochemical Reactions in a Unique Photoactive Protein, Middle Rhodopsin MR. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:5888-99. [DOI: 10.1021/jp302357m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Inoue
- Department of Frontier
Materials, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555,
Japan
| | - Louisa Reissig
- Division of Biological
Science,
Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Makoto Sakai
- Chemical Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho,
Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Shiori Kobayashi
- Division of Biological
Science,
Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Michio Homma
- Division of Biological
Science,
Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Masaaki Fujii
- Chemical Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho,
Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Hideki Kandori
- Department of Frontier
Materials, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555,
Japan
| | - Yuki Sudo
- Division of Biological
Science,
Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi,
Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Valsson O, Angeli C, Filippi C. Excitation energies of retinal chromophores: critical role of the structural model. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:11015-20. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp41387f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|