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Nishioka K, Tanaka M, Goto T, Haas R, Henss A, Azuma S, Saito M, Matsuda S, Yu W, Nishihara H, Fujimoto H, Tobisu M, Mukouyama Y, Nakanishi S. Fluorinated Amide-Based Electrolytes Induce a Sustained Low-Charging Voltage Plateau under Conditions Verifying the Feasibility of Achieving 500 Wh kg -1 Class Li-O 2 Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:46259-46269. [PMID: 39172034 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c08067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Although lithium-oxygen batteries (LOBs) hold the promise of high gravimetric energy density, this potential is hindered by high charging voltages. To ensure that the charging voltage remains low, it is crucial to generate discharge products that can be easily decomposed during the successive charging process. In this study, we discovered that the use of amide-based electrolyte solvents containing a fluorinated moiety can notably establish a sustained voltage plateau at low-charging voltages at around 3.5 V. This occurs under conditions that can verify the feasibility of achieving a benchmark energy density value of 500 Wh kg-1. Notably, the achievement of the low-voltage plateau was accomplished solely by relying on the intrinsic properties of the electrolyte solvent. Indeed, synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements have shown that the use of fluorine-containing amide-based electrolyte solvents results in the formation of highly decomposable discharge products, such as amorphous and Li-deficient lithium peroxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiho Nishioka
- Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Mizuki Tanaka
- Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Terumi Goto
- Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Ronja Haas
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Anja Henss
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Shota Azuma
- Department of Materials and Life Science, Seikei University, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180-8633, Japan
| | - Morihiro Saito
- Department of Materials and Life Science, Seikei University, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180-8633, Japan
| | - Shoichi Matsuda
- Center for Green Research on Energy and Environmental Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Wei Yu
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Hirotomo Nishihara
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Hayato Fujimoto
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mamoru Tobisu
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Mukouyama
- Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
- Division of Science, College of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Denki University, Hatoyama, Saitama 350-0394, Japan
| | - Shuji Nakanishi
- Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
- Center for Green Research on Energy and Environmental Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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2
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Dutta A, Matsushita K, Kubo Y. Impact of Glyme Ether Chain Length on the Interphasial Stability of Lithium-Electrode in High-Capacity Lithium-Metal Battery. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2404245. [PMID: 39189438 PMCID: PMC11348056 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202404245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
The realization of lithium-metal (Li) batteries faces challenges due to dendritic Li deposition causing internal short-circuit and low Coulombic efficiency. In this regard, the Li-deposition stability largely depends on the electrolyte, which reacts with Li to form a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) with diverse physico-chemical properties, and dictates the interphasial kinetics. Therefore, optimizing the electrolyte for stability and performance remains pivotal. Hereof, glyme ethers are an emerging class of electrolytes, showing improved compatibility with metallic Li and enhanced stability in Li─Air and Li─Sulfur batteries. Yet, the criteria for selecting glyme solvents, particularly concerning Li deposition and dissolution processes, remain unclear. The SEI characteristics and Li deposition/dissolution processes are investigated in glyme-ether-based electrolytes with varying chain lengths, using lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) and lithium nitrate (LiNO₃) salts under high capacity and limited electrolyte conditions. Longer glymes led to more homogeneous SEI, particularly pronounced with LiNO₃, minimizing surface roughness during stripping, and promoting compact Li deposits. Higher reductive stability, resulting in homogeneous interphasial properties, and slower kinetics due to high desolvation barrier and viscosity, underline stable Li growth in longer glymes. This study clarifies factors guiding the selection of glyme ether-based electrolytes in Li metal batteries, offering insights for next-generation energy storage systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arghya Dutta
- Center for Green Research on Energy and Environmental MaterialsNational Institute for Materials Science1‐1 NamikiTsukuba305‐0044Japan
| | - Kyosuke Matsushita
- Battery Research PlatformCenter for Green Research on Energy and Environmental MaterialsNational Institute for Materials Science1‐1 NamikiTsukuba305‐0044Japan
| | - Yoshimi Kubo
- Center for Green Research on Energy and Environmental MaterialsNational Institute for Materials Science1‐1 NamikiTsukuba305‐0044Japan
- NIMS‐SoftBank Advanced Technologies Development CenterNational Institute for Materials Science1‐1 NamikiTsukuba305‐0044Japan
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3
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Yu H, Liu D, Fu Z, Wang S, Zuo X, Feng X, Zhang Y. Dynamic Modulation of Li 2O 2 Growth in Li-O 2 Batteries through Regulating Oxygen Reduction Kinetics with Photo-Assisted Cathodes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401272. [PMID: 38375744 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Widely acknowledged that the capacity of Li-O2 batteries (LOBs) should be strongly determined by growth behaviors of the discharge product of lithium peroxide (Li2O2) that follows both coexisting surface and solution pathways. However until now, it remains still challenging to achieve dynamic modulation on Li2O2 morphologies. Herein, the photo-responsive Au nanoparticles (NPs) supported on reduced oxide graphene (Au/rGO) have been utilized as cathode to manipulate oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) kinetics by aid of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effects. Thus, we can experimentally reveal the importance of matching ORR kinetics with Li+ migration towards battery performance. Moreover, it is found that Li+ concentration polarization caused "sudden death" of LOBs is supposed to be just a form of suspended animation that could timely recover under irradiation. This work provides us an in-depth explanation on the working mechanism of LOBs from a kinetic perspective, offering valuable insights for the future battery design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Dapeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Zerui Fu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Shu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Xintao Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Xilan Feng
- Department of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
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4
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Zhu L, Wang J, Liu J, Wang R, Lin M, Wang T, Zhen Y, Xu J, Zhao L. First Principles Study of the Structure-Performance Relation of Pristine W n+1C n and Oxygen-Functionalized W n+1C nO 2 MXenes as Cathode Catalysts for Li-O 2 Batteries. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:666. [PMID: 38668160 PMCID: PMC11054248 DOI: 10.3390/nano14080666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Li-O2 batteries are considered a highly promising energy storage solution. However, their practical implementation is hindered by the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen reduction (ORR) and oxygen evolution (OER) reactions at cathodes during discharging and charging, respectively. In this work, we investigated the catalytic performance of Wn+1Cn and Wn+1CnO2 MXenes (n = 1, 2, and 3) as cathodes for Li-O2 batteries using first principles calculations. Both Wn+1Cn and Wn+1CnO2 MXenes show high conductivity, and their conductivity is further enhanced with increasing atomic layers, as reflected by the elevated density of states at the Fermi level. The oxygen functionalization can change the electronic properties of WC MXenes from the electrophilic W surface of Wn+1Cn to the nucleophilic O surface of Wn+1CnO2, which is beneficial for the activation of the Li-O bond, and thus promotes the Li+ deintercalation during the charge-discharge process. On both Wn+1Cn and Wn+1CnO2, the rate-determining step (RDS) of ORR is the formation of the (Li2O)2* product, while the RDS of OER is the LiO2* decomposition. The overpotentials of ORR and OER are positively linearly correlated with the adsorption energy of the RDS LixO2* intermediates. By lowering the energy band center, the oxygen functionalization and increasing atomic layers can effectively reduce the adsorption strength of the LixO2* intermediates, thereby reducing the ORR and OER overpotentials. The W4C3O2 MXene shows immense potential as a cathode catalyst for Li-O2 batteries due to its outstanding conductivity and super-low ORR, OER, and total overpotentials (0.25, 0.38, and 0.63 V).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jing Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China; (L.Z.); (J.W.); (J.L.); (R.W.); (M.L.); (T.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Lianming Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China; (L.Z.); (J.W.); (J.L.); (R.W.); (M.L.); (T.W.); (Y.Z.)
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5
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Liao CH, Chiang CY, Iputera K, Hu SF, Liu RS. Homogeneous Catalytic Process of a Heterogeneous Ru Catalyst in Li-O 2 via X-ray Nanodiffraction Observation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:8783-8790. [PMID: 38335216 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, lithium oxygen batteries (Li-O2) have received considerable research attention due to their extremely high energy density. However, the poor conductivity and ion conductivity of the discharge product lithium peroxide (Li2O2) result in a high charging overpotential, poor cycling stability, and low charging rate. Therefore, studying and improving catalysts is a top priority. This study focuses on the commonly used heterogeneous catalyst ruthenium (Ru). The local distribution of this catalyst is controlled by using sputtering technology. Moreover, X-ray nanodiffraction is applied to observe the relationship between the decomposition of Li2O2 and the local distribution of Ru. Results show that Li2O2 decomposes homogeneously in liquid systems and heterogeneously in solid-state systems. This study finds that the catalytic effect of Ru is related to electrolyte decomposition and that its soluble byproducts act as electron acceptors or redox mediators, effectively reducing charging overpotential but also shortening the cycle life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Hao Liao
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yu Chiang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Kevin Iputera
- Department of Chemistry and Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fen Hu
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Shi Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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6
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Wang HH, Zhang C, Gao J, Lau KC, Plunkett ST, Park M, Amine R, Curtiss LA. Template assisted lithium superoxide growth for lithium-oxygen batteries. Faraday Discuss 2024; 248:48-59. [PMID: 37791512 DOI: 10.1039/d3fd00116d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Developing batteries with energy densities comparable to internal combustion technology is essential for a worldwide transition to electrified transportation. Li-O2 batteries are seen as the 'holy grail' of battery technologies since they have the highest theoretical energy density of all battery technologies. Current lithium-oxygen (Li-O2) batteries suffer from large charge overpotentials related to the electronic resistivity of the insulating lithium peroxide (Li2O2) discharge product. One potential solution is the formation and stabilization of a lithium superoxide (LiO2) discharge intermediate that exhibits good electronic conductivity. However, LiO2 is reported to be unstable at ambient temperature despite its favorable formation energy at -1.0 eV per atom. In this paper - based on our recent work on the development of cathode materials for aprotic lithium oxygen batteries including two intermetallic compounds, LiIr3 and LiIr, that are found to form good template interfaces with LiO2 - a simple goodness of fit R factor to gauge how well a template surface structure can support LiO2 growth, is developed. The R factor is a quantitative measurement to calculate the geometric difference in the unit cells of specific Miller Index 2D planes of the template surface and LiO2. Using this as a guide, the R factors for LiIr3, LiIr, and La2NiO4+δ, are found to be good. This guide is attested by simple extension to other noble metal intermetallics with electrochemical cycling data including LiRh3, LiRh, and Li2Pd. Finally, the template concept is extended to main group elements and the R factors for LiO2 (111) and Li2Ca suggest that Li2Ca is a possible candidate for the template assisted LiO2 growth strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Hau Wang
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA.
| | - Chengji Zhang
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jing Gao
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kah Chun Lau
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, California State University, Northridge, CA, USA
| | - Samuel T Plunkett
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Moon Park
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA.
| | - Rachid Amine
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA.
| | - Larry A Curtiss
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA.
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7
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Song LN, Zheng LJ, Wang XX, Kong DC, Wang YF, Wang Y, Wu JY, Sun Y, Xu JJ. Aprotic Lithium-Oxygen Batteries Based on Nonsolid Discharge Products. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:1305-1317. [PMID: 38169369 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Aprotic lithium-oxygen (Li-O2) batteries are considered to be a promising alternative option to lithium-ion batteries for high gravimetric energy storage devices. However, the sluggish electrochemical kinetics, the passivation, and the structural damage to the cathode caused by the solid discharge products have greatly hindered the practical application of Li-O2 batteries. Herein, the nonsolid-state discharge products of the off-stoichiometric Li1-xO2 in the electrolyte solutions are achieved by iridium (Ir) single-atom-based porous organic polymers (termed as Ir/AP-POP) as a homogeneous, soluble electrocatalyst for Li-O2 batteries. In particular, the numerous atomic active sites act as the main nucleation sites of O2-related discharge reactions, which are favorable to interacting with O2-/LiO2 intermediates in the electrolyte solutions, owing to the highly similar lattice-matching effect between the in situ-formed Ir3Li and LiO2, achieving a nonsolid LiO2 as the final discharge product in the electrolyte solutions for Li-O2 batteries. Consequently, the Li-O2 battery with a soluble Ir/AP-POP electrocatalyst exhibits an ultrahigh discharge capacity of 12.8 mAh, an ultralow overpotential of 0.03 V, and a long cyclic life of 700 h with the carbon cloth cathode. The manipulation of nonsolid discharge products in aprotic Li-O2 batteries breaks the traditional growth mode of Li2O2, bringing Li-O2 batteries closer to being a viable technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Na Song
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Li-Jun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Xue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - De-Chen Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Yi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Ji-Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
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8
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Xiong L, Su NQ, Fang WH. The Role of Self-Catalysis Induced by Co Doping in Nonaqueous Li-O 2 Batteries. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:7526-7540. [PMID: 37584649 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
This work systematically studies the product self-catalysis of in situ electrochemical cobalt doping of Li2O2 and reveals its potential mechanism for improving the performance of lithium-oxygen (Li-O2) batteries. Theoretical calculations demonstrate that the discharge products contain substituted and interstitial Co impurities, which serve as active sites to promote the formation of Li3O4 crystallization, thus switching the nucleation mechanism from the main discharge product Li2O2 to Li3O4. This Co-doping behavior leads to the thermodynamically favorable and dynamically stable formation of Li3O4 crystals during the discharge process. Through systematic investigation of the structural, energetic, electronic, diffusive, and catalytic properties of the Co-doped Li2O2 and Li3O4 compounds, we found that Li3O4 has better charge/mass transport and a lower overpotential for the Li3O4 formation/decomposition reaction. Consequently, this work elucidates that Co doping provides a simple and effective approach for increasing the proportion of Li3O4, which can significantly improve the Li-O2 battery performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Neil Qiang Su
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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9
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Fasulo F, Massaro A, Muñoz-García AB, Pavone M. New Insights on Singlet Oxygen Release from Li-Air Battery Cathode: Periodic DFT Versus CASPT2 Embedded Cluster Calculations. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:5210-5220. [PMID: 37433035 PMCID: PMC10413853 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Li-air batteries are a promising energy storage technology for large-scale applications, but the release of highly reactive singlet oxygen (1O2) during battery operation represents a main concern that sensibly limits their effective deployment. An in-depth understanding of the reaction mechanisms underlying the 1O2 formation is crucial to prevent its detrimental reactions with the electrolyte species. However, describing the elusive chemistry of highly correlated species such as singlet oxygen represents a challenging task for state-of-the-art theoretical tools based on density functional theory. Thus, in this study, we apply an embedded cluster approach, based on CASPT2 and effective point charges, to address the evolution of 1O2 at the Li2O2 surface during oxidation, i.e., the battery charging process. Based on recent hypothesis, we depict a feasible O22-/O2-/O2 mechanisms occurring from the (112̅0)-Li2O2 surface termination. Our highly accurate calculations allow for the identification of a stable superoxide as local minimum along the potential energy surface (PES) for 1O2 release, which is not detected by periodic DFT. We find that 1O2 release proceeds via a superoxide intermediate in a two-step one-electron process or another still accessible pathway featuring a one-step two-electron mechanism. In both cases, it represents a feasible product of Li2O2 oxidation upon battery charging. Thus, tuning the relative stability of the intermediate superoxide species can enable key strategies aiming at controlling the detrimental development of 1O2 for new and highly performing Li-air batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Fasulo
- Department
of Physics “E. Pancini”, University
of Naples Federico II, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Arianna Massaro
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples
Federico II, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Ana B. Muñoz-García
- Department
of Physics “E. Pancini”, University
of Naples Federico II, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- National
Reference Center for Electrochemical Energy Storage (GISEL)-INSTM, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Michele Pavone
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples
Federico II, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- National
Reference Center for Electrochemical Energy Storage (GISEL)-INSTM, 50121 Florence, Italy
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10
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Rajan A, Pushkar AP, Dharmalingam BC, Varghese JJ. Iterative multiscale and multi-physics computations for operando catalyst nanostructure elucidation and kinetic modeling. iScience 2023; 26:107029. [PMID: 37360694 PMCID: PMC10285649 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern heterogeneous catalysis has benefitted immensely from computational predictions of catalyst structure and its evolution under reaction conditions, first-principles mechanistic investigations, and detailed kinetic modeling, which are rungs on a multiscale workflow. Establishing connections across these rungs and integration with experiments have been challenging. Here, operando catalyst structure prediction techniques using density functional theory simulations and ab initio thermodynamics calculations, molecular dynamics, and machine learning techniques are presented. Surface structure characterization by computational spectroscopic and machine learning techniques is then discussed. Hierarchical approaches in kinetic parameter estimation involving semi-empirical, data-driven, and first-principles calculations and detailed kinetic modeling via mean-field microkinetic modeling and kinetic Monte Carlo simulations are discussed along with methods and the need for uncertainty quantification. With these as the background, this article proposes a bottom-up hierarchical and closed loop modeling framework incorporating consistency checks and iterative refinements at each level and across levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajin Rajan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600036, India
| | - Anoop P. Pushkar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600036, India
| | - Balaji C. Dharmalingam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600036, India
| | - Jithin John Varghese
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600036, India
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11
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Yan H, Wang WW, Wu TR, Gu Y, Li KX, Wu DY, Zheng M, Dong Q, Yan J, Mao BW. Morphology-Dictated Mechanism of Efficient Reaction Sites for Li 2O 2 Decomposition. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37216562 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In the pursuit of a highly reversible lithium-oxygen (Li-O2) battery, control of reaction sites to maintain stable conversion between O2 and Li2O2 at the cathode side is imperatively desirable. However, the mechanism involving the reaction site during charging remains elusive, which, in turn, imposes challenges in recognition of the origin of overpotential. Herein, via combined investigations by in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), we propose a universal morphology-dictated mechanism of efficient reaction sites for Li2O2 decomposition. It is found that Li2O2 deposits with different morphologies share similar localized conductivities, much higher than that reported for bulk Li2O2, enabling the reaction site not only at the electrode/Li2O2/electrolyte interface but also at the Li2O2/electrolyte interface. However, while the mass transport process is more enhanced at the former, the charge-transfer resistance at the latter is sensitively related to the surface structure and thus the reactivity of the Li2O2 deposit. Consequently, for compact disk-like deposits, the electrode/Li2O2/electrolyte interface serves as the dominant decomposition site, which causes premature departure of Li2O2 and loss of reversibility; on the contrary, for porous flower-like and film-like Li2O2 deposits bearing a larger surface area and richer surface-active structures, both the interfaces are efficient for decomposition without premature departure of the deposit so that the overpotential arises primarily from the sluggish oxidation kinetics and the decomposition is more reversible. The present work provides instructive insights into the understanding of the mechanism of reaction sites during the charge process, which offers guidance for the design of reversible Li-O2 batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Wei-Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Tai-Rui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yu Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Kai-Xuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - De-Yin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - MingSen Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Quanfeng Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jiawei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Bing-Wei Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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12
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Liu T, Zhao S, Xiong Q, Yu J, Wang J, Huang G, Ni M, Zhang X. Reversible Discharge Products in Li-Air Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2208925. [PMID: 36502282 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202208925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Lithium-air (Li-air) batteries stand out among the post-Li-ion batteries due to their high energy density, which has rapidly progressed in the past years. Regarding the fundamental mechanism of Li-air batteries that discharge products produced and decomposed during charging and recharging progress, the reversibility of products closely affects the battery performance. Along with the upsurge of the mainstream discharge products lithium peroxide, with devoted efforts to screening electrolytes, constructing high-efficiency cathodes, and optimizing anodes, much progress is made in the fundamental understanding and performance. However, the limited advancement is insufficient. In this case, the investigations of other discharge products, including lithium hydroxide, lithium superoxide, lithium oxide, and lithium carbonate, emerge and bring breakthroughs for the Li-air battery technologies. To deepen the understanding of the electrochemical reactions and conversions of discharge products in the battery, recent advances in the various discharge products, mainly focusing on the growth and decomposition mechanisms and the determining factors are systematically reviewed. The perspectives for Li-air batteries on the fundamental development of discharge products and future applications are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Liu
- Building Energy Research Group, Department of Building and Real Estate, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, P. R. China
| | - Siyuan Zhao
- Building Energy Research Group, Department of Building and Real Estate, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Qi Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Jie Yu
- Building Energy Research Group, Department of Building and Real Estate, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Gang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Meng Ni
- Building Energy Research Group, Department of Building and Real Estate, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Xinbo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
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13
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Kondori A, Esmaeilirad M, Harzandi AM, Amine R, Saray MT, Yu L, Liu T, Wen J, Shan N, Wang HH, Ngo AT, Redfern PC, Johnson CS, Amine K, Shahbazian-Yassar R, Curtiss LA, Asadi M. A room temperature rechargeable Li 2O-based lithium-air battery enabled by a solid electrolyte. Science 2023; 379:499-505. [PMID: 36730408 DOI: 10.1126/science.abq1347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A lithium-air battery based on lithium oxide (Li2O) formation can theoretically deliver an energy density that is comparable to that of gasoline. Lithium oxide formation involves a four-electron reaction that is more difficult to achieve than the one- and two-electron reaction processes that result in lithium superoxide (LiO2) and lithium peroxide (Li2O2), respectively. By using a composite polymer electrolyte based on Li10GeP2S12 nanoparticles embedded in a modified polyethylene oxide polymer matrix, we found that Li2O is the main product in a room temperature solid-state lithium-air battery. The battery is rechargeable for 1000 cycles with a low polarization gap and can operate at high rates. The four-electron reaction is enabled by a mixed ion-electron-conducting discharge product and its interface with air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Kondori
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Mohammadreza Esmaeilirad
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Ahmad Mosen Harzandi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Rachid Amine
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Mahmoud Tamadoni Saray
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Lei Yu
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Tongchao Liu
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Jianguo Wen
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Nannan Shan
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Hsien-Hau Wang
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Anh T Ngo
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Paul C Redfern
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Christopher S Johnson
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Khalil Amine
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA.,Material Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Institute for Research&Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reza Shahbazian-Yassar
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Larry A Curtiss
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Mohammad Asadi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
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14
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Didar BR, Groß A. Solvation structure and dynamics of Li and LiO2 and their transformation in non-aqueous organic electrolyte solvents from first-principles simulations. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(22)64098-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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15
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Zhang Z, Xiao X, Yu W, Zhao Z, Tan P. Reacquainting the Sudden-Death and Reaction Routes of Li-O 2 Batteries by Ex Situ Observation of Li 2O 2 Distribution Inside a Highly Ordered Air Electrode. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:7527-7534. [PMID: 36069458 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The unclear Li2O2 distribution inside an air electrode stems from the difficulty of conducting observation techniques inside a porous electrode. In this work, an integrated air electrode is prepared with highly ordered channels. The morphological composition and distribution of Li2O2 inside the real air electrode are clearly observed for the first time. The results show that the toroidal Li2O2 is constrained by the channel size and exhibits a larger diameter on the separator side at high currents. In contrast to the reported single-factor experiments, the coupling effects of charge transfer impedance and concentration polarization on sudden death are analyzed in-depth at low and high currents. The growth model suggests that toroidal Li2O2 exhibits a high dependence on the electrode surface structure. A new route is proposed in which the Li2O2/electrode interface of a toroid is controlled partially by the second single-electron reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuojun Zhang
- Department of Thermal Science and Energy Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Xu Xiao
- Department of Thermal Science and Energy Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Wentao Yu
- Department of Thermal Science and Energy Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Zhongxi Zhao
- Department of Thermal Science and Energy Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Peng Tan
- Department of Thermal Science and Energy Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
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16
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Hao F, Vishnugopi BS, Wang H, Mukherjee PP. Chemomechanical Interactions Dictate Lithium Surface Diffusion Kinetics in the Solid Electrolyte Interphase. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:5472-5480. [PMID: 35465678 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) plays a pivotal role in enabling fast ionic transport and preserving the battery electrodes from parasitic reactions with solvents. However, due to large volume changes of lithium (Li) electrodes, the SEI layer can potentially undergo mechanical failure, resulting in electrolyte degradation. The mechanical stability of the SEI is a critical aspect that needs to be modulated for designing rechargeable metal batteries with optimal performance. In this work, we perform density functional theory calculations to investigate the mechanical properties of lithium fluoride (LiF) and lithium oxide (Li2O) nanofilms and quantify the Li surface diffusion kinetics over these two SEI materials. Based on our analysis, it is identified that Young's modulus and the ideal strength of the SEI are strong functions of the nanofilm thickness and crystallographic direction. Interestingly, we find that mechanical strain substantially alters the Li surface diffusion behavior on the SEI. For a strain of 4%, while the Li surface diffusion rate decreases by two orders of magnitude on the stretched Li2O film, it increases two times on the stretched LiF film, indicating critical implications on the morphological stability of the metal anode. A fundamental correlation between inherent SEI properties and Li plating behavior is revealed, suggesting a potential pathway to achieve dendrite-free electrodeposition via SEI modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Hao
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Bairav S Vishnugopi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Partha P Mukherjee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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17
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Kim MS, Zhang Z, Rudnicki PE, Yu Z, Wang J, Wang H, Oyakhire ST, Chen Y, Kim SC, Zhang W, Boyle DT, Kong X, Xu R, Huang Z, Huang W, Bent SF, Wang LW, Qin J, Bao Z, Cui Y. Suspension electrolyte with modified Li + solvation environment for lithium metal batteries. NATURE MATERIALS 2022; 21:445-454. [PMID: 35039645 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-021-01172-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Designing a stable solid-electrolyte interphase on a Li anode is imperative to developing reliable Li metal batteries. Herein, we report a suspension electrolyte design that modifies the Li+ solvation environment in liquid electrolytes and creates inorganic-rich solid-electrolyte interphases on Li. Li2O nanoparticles suspended in liquid electrolytes were investigated as a proof of concept. Through theoretical and empirical analyses of Li2O suspension electrolytes, the roles played by Li2O in the liquid electrolyte and solid-electrolyte interphases of the Li anode are elucidated. Also, the suspension electrolyte design is applied in conventional and state-of-the-art high-performance electrolytes to demonstrate its applicability. Based on electrochemical analyses, improved Coulombic efficiency (up to ~99.7%), reduced Li nucleation overpotential, stabilized Li interphases and prolonged cycle life of anode-free cells (~70 cycles at 80% of initial capacity) were achieved with the suspension electrolytes. We expect this design principle and our findings to be expanded into developing electrolytes and solid-electrolyte interphases for Li metal batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mun Sek Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zewen Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Paul E Rudnicki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zhiao Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jingyang Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Hansen Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Solomon T Oyakhire
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yuelang Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sang Cheol Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David T Boyle
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Xian Kong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rong Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zhuojun Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - William Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Stacey F Bent
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lin-Wang Wang
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jian Qin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yi Cui
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.
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18
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Zheng X, Yuan M, Guo D, Wen C, Li X, Huang X, Li H, Sun G. Theoretical Design and Structural Modulation of a Surface-Functionalized Ti 3C 2T x MXene-Based Heterojunction Electrocatalyst for a Li-Oxygen Battery. ACS NANO 2022; 16:4487-4499. [PMID: 35188376 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c10890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional MXene with high conductivity has metastable Ti atoms and inert functional groups on the surface, greatly limiting application in surface-related electrocatalytic reactions. A surface-functionalized nitrogen-doped two-dimensional TiO2/Ti3C2Tx heterojunction (N-TiO2/Ti3C2Tx) was fabricated theoretically, with high conductivity and optimized electrocatalytic active sites. Based on the conductive substrate of Ti3C2Tx, the heterojunction remained metallic and efficiently accelerated the transfer of Li+ and electrons in the electrode. More importantly, the precise regulation of active sites in the N-TiO2/Ti3C2Tx heterojunction optimized the adsorption for LiO2 and Li2O2, facilitating the sluggish kinetics with a lowest theoretical overpotential in both the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Employed as an electrocatalyst in a Li-oxygen battery (Li-O2 battery), it demonstrated a high specific capacity of 15 298 mAh g-1 and a superior cyclability with more than 200 cycles at 500 mA g-1, as well as the swiftly reduced overpotential. Furthermore, combined with the in situ differential electrochemical mass spectrometry, ex situ Raman spectra, and SEM tests, the N-TiO2/Ti3C2Tx heterojunction electrode presented a superior stability and reduced side reaction along with the high performance toward the ORR and OER. It provides an efficient insight for the design of high-performance electrocatalysts for metal-oxygen batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingzi Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Mengwei Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Donghua Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Caiying Wen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xingyu Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xianqiang Huang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Huifeng Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Genban Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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19
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Tan C, Cao D, Zheng L, Shen Y, Chen L, Chen Y. True Reaction Sites on Discharge in Li-O 2 Batteries. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:807-815. [PMID: 34991315 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c09916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the pursuit of an advanced Li-O2 battery, the true reaction sites in the cathode determined its cell performance and the catalyst design. When the first layer of insulating Li2O2 solid is deposited on the electrode substrate during discharging, the following O2 reduction to Li2O2 could take place either at the electrode|Li2O2 interface or at the Li2O2|electrolyte interface. The mechanism decides the strategies of catalyst design; however, it is still mysterious. Here, we used rotate ring-disk electrode to deposit a dense Li2O2 film and labeled the Li2O2 product with 16O/18O isotope. By identification of the distribution of the Li216O2 and Li218O2 in the Li2O2 film using new characteristic signals of Li216O2 and Li218O2, our results show that O2 is reduced to Li2O2 at both interfaces. A sandwich structure of Li218O2|Li216O2|Li218O2 was identified at the electrode surface when the electrode was discharged under 16O2 and then 18O2. The electrode|Li2O2 interface is the major reaction site, and it contributes to 75% of the overall reaction. This new mechanism raises new challenges and new strategies for the catalyst design of Li-O2 batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Deqing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- i-Lab, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yanbin Shen
- i-Lab, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Liwei Chen
- i-Lab, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, and In Situ Center for Physical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yuhui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
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20
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Zhao S, Wang B, Zhang Z, Zhang X, He S, Yu H. First-principles computational insights into lithium battery cathode materials. ELECTROCHEM ENERGY R 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s41918-021-00115-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Wang H, Zhao N, Bi Z, Gao S, Dai Q, Yang T, Wang J, Jia Z, Peng Z, Huang J, Wan Y, Guo X. Clear Representation of Surface Pathway Reactions at Ag Nanowire Cathodes in All-Solid Li-O 2 Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:39157-39164. [PMID: 34378380 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c02923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
All-solid Li-O2 batteries have been constructed with Ag nanowire (AgNW) cathodes coated on Au-buffered garnet ceramic electrolytes and Li anodes on the other sides. Benefiting from the clean contacts of Li+, e-, and O2 on the AgNWs, the surface pathway reactions are demonstrated. Upon discharge, two types of Li2O2 morphologies appear. The film-like Li2O2 forms around the smooth surfaces of AgNWs, and hollow disk-like Li2O2 forms at the joints in between the AgNWs as well as at the garnet/AgNW interfaces. The formation of films and hollow disks is in accordance with the process of O2 + Li+ + e- → LiO2 and 2LiO2 → Li2O2 + O2, indicating that the disproportionation of LiO2 occurs at the solid interfaces. During the initial charge, decomposition occurs below the potential of 3.5 V, indicating the process of Li2O2 → LiO2 + Li+ + e- and LiO2 → Li+ + e- + O2 rather than Li2O2 → 2Li+ + 2e- + O2. The Li2O2 decomposition starts at the AgNWs/Li2O2 interfaces, causing the film-like Li2O2 to shrink and the gas to release, followed by the collapse of hollow disk-like Li2O2. The results here clearly disclose the Li-O2 reaction mechanism at the all-solid interfaces, facilitating a deep understanding of key factors influencing the electrochemical performance of the solid-state Li-O2 batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhijie Bi
- College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Shenghan Gao
- College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Qiushi Dai
- Clean Nano Energy Center, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Tingting Yang
- Clean Nano Energy Center, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Laboratory of Advanced Spectro-electrochemistry and Lithium-ion Batteries, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhiqing Jia
- School of Civil Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Zhangquan Peng
- Laboratory of Advanced Spectro-electrochemistry and Lithium-ion Batteries, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jianyu Huang
- Clean Nano Energy Center, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Yong Wan
- College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiangxin Guo
- College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
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22
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Dong H, Ning C, Yang G, Ji H, Li Y. Single-side functionalized graphene as promising cathode catalysts in nonaqueous lithium-oxygen batteries. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:12727-12737. [PMID: 34477623 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr03893a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
High-performance cathode catalysts are always desirable for nonaqueous lithium-oxygen (Li-O2) batteries. Using density functional theory calculations, the structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of SSX-Gr with different C/X ratios (X = H or F) are systematically studied. Then, a detailed mechanism on the dissociation of O2 and the migration of Li on the SSX-Gr is revealed, based on which C6X and C8X are confirmed as the potential candidates as cathode catalysts. The studies on reaction pathways suggest that the four-electron pathway is the more possible catalytic pathway for the selected SSX-Gr. The free energy diagrams for discharging and charging processes catalyzed by SSX-Gr reveal that C6F exhibits the highest application potential due to its considerably low oxygen reduction overpotential (0.83 V) and oxygen evolution overpotential (1.47 V). The extra spins induced by single-side functionalization endow graphene with the electrocatalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilong Dong
- School of Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, Jiangsu 215500, China.
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23
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Sun M, Stolte N, Wang J, Wei J, Chen P, Xu Z, Wang W, Pan D, Bai X. The Lightest 2D Nanomaterial: Freestanding Ultrathin Li Nanosheets by In Situ Nanoscale Electrochemistry. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2101641. [PMID: 34212489 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202101641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As the lightest solid element and also the simplest metal, lithium (Li) is one of the best representations of quasi-free electron model in both bulk form and the reduced dimensions. Herein, the controlled growth of 2D ultrathin Li nanosheets is demonstrated by utilizing an in situ electrochemical platform built inside transmission electron microscope (TEM). The as-grown freestanding 2D Li nanosheets have strong structure-anisotropy with large lateral dimensions up to several hundreds of nanometers and thickness limited to just a few nanometers. The nanoscale dynamics of nanosheets growth are unraveled by in situ TEM imaging in real-time. Further density-functional theory calculations indicate that oxygen molecules play an important role in directing the anisotropic 2D growth of Li nanosheets through controlling the growth kinetics by their facet-specific capping. The plasmonic optical properties of the as-grown Li nanosheets are probed by cathodoluminescence spectroscopy equipped within TEM, and a broadband visible emission is observed that contains contributions of both in-plane and out-of-plane plasmon resonance modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhua Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Nore Stolte
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Jianlin Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jiake Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Pan Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhi Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Wenlong Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ding Pan
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Xuedong Bai
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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24
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Didar BR, Yashina L, Groß A. First-Principles Study of the Surfaces and Equilibrium Shape of Discharge Products in Li-Air Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:24984-24994. [PMID: 34009936 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c05863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Li-air batteries are a promising alternative to Li-ion batteries as they theoretically provide the highest possible specific energy density. Mainly, Li2O2 (lithium peroxide) and to a lesser extent, Li2O (lithium oxide) are assumed to be the discharge products of these batteries formed with the soluble LiO2 (lithium superoxide) considered to be an intermediate product. Bulk Li2O2 is an electronic insulator, and the precipitation of this compound on the cathode is thought to be the main limiting factor in achieving high capacities in lithium-oxygen cells. For the most promising electrolytes including solvents with high donor numbers, microscopy observations frequently reveal crystallite morphologies of Li2O2 compounds, rather than uniform layers covering the electrode surface. The precise morphologies of Li2O and Li2O2 particles, and their effect and their extent of contact with the electrode, which may all affect the capacity and rechargeability, however, remain largely undetermined. Here, we address the stability of various Li2O and Li2O2 surfaces and consequently, their crystallite morphologies using density functional theory calculations and ab initio thermodynamics. In contrast to previous studies, we also consider high-index surface terminations, which exhibit surprisingly low surface energies. We carefully analyze the reasons for the stability of these high-index surfaces, which also prominently influence the equilibrium shape of the particles, at least for Li2O2, and discuss the consequences for the observed morphology of the reaction products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lada Yashina
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Axel Groß
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Ulm University, 89069 Ulm, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Electrochemical Energy Storage, 89069 Ulm, Germany
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25
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Zhang W, Hu Z, Fan C, Liu Z, Han S, Liu J. Construction and Theoretical Calculation of an Ultra-High-Performance LiVPO 4F/C Cathode by B-Doped Pyrolytic Carbon from Poly(vinylidene Fluoride). ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:15190-15204. [PMID: 33769024 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c22958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
B-doped pyrolytic carbon from poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) was used to enhance the performance of a LiVPO4F/C cathode, which is much cheaper than carbon nanotubes and graphene. The carbon layer in LVPF/C-B3 becomes more and more regular compared with the undoped sample. The electronic conductivity, diffusion coefficient, and rate and cycle performance of the B-doped cathode are greatly improved. The capacities of LVPF/C-B3 at 0.2C, 5C, and 15C are 148.1, 132.9, and 125.6 mAh·g-1, which may be the best reported magnitude. The crystallite structure of LiVPO4F/C is well maintained after 300 charge and discharge cycles. The carbonization process of PVDF is greatly accelerated. These improvements are attributed to the changes in chemical and electronic structures. The generation of BC2O and BCO2 results in many defective active sites, and BC3 promotes the growth of a six-membered carbon ring. According to the first-principles approach based on density functional theory, the state density around the Fermi level of the B-doped pyrolytic carbon is increased. The electronic structure of pyrolytic carbon is transformed from a P-type semiconductor to a metal-like structure through the generation of pyridinic-like and graphitic-like B. Therefore, the electronic conductivity of LiVPO4F/C is increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Zhuang Hu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Changling Fan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Applied Technology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Zhixiao Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Shaochang Han
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jinshui Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Applied Technology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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26
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Gurmesa GS, Benti NE, Chaka MD, Tiruye GA, Zhang Q, Mekonnen YS, Geffe CA. Fast 3D-lithium-ion diffusion and high electronic conductivity of Li 2MnSiO 4 surfaces for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. RSC Adv 2021; 11:9721-9730. [PMID: 35423412 PMCID: PMC8695453 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00642h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
High theoretical capacity, high thermal stability, the low cost of production, abundance, and environmental friendliness are among the potential attractiveness of Li2MnSiO4 as a positive electrode (cathode) material for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. However, the experimental results indicated poor electrochemical performance in its bulk phase due to high intrinsic charge transfer resistance and capacity fading during cycling, which limit its large-scale commercial applications. Herein, we explore the surface stability and various lithium-ion diffusion pathways of Li2MnSiO4 surfaces using the density functional theory (DFT) framework. Results revealed that the stability of selected surfaces is in the following order: (210) > (001) > (010) > (100). Moreover, the Wulff-constructed equilibrium shape revealed that the Li2MnSiO4 (001) surface is the most predominant facet, and thus, preferentially exposed to electrochemical activities. The Hubbard-corrected DFT (DFT + U, with U = 3 eV) results indicated that the bulk insulator with a wide band gap (E g = 3.42 eV) changed into narrow electronic (E g = 0.6 eV) when it comes to the Li2MnSiO4 (001) surface. Moreover, the nudged elastic band analysis shows that surface diffusion along the (001) channel was found to be unlimited and fast in all three dimensions with more than 12-order-of-magnitude enhancements compared with the bulk system. These findings suggest that the capacity limitation and poor electrochemical performance that arise from limited electronic and ionic conductivity in the bulk system could be remarkably improved on the surfaces of the Li2MnSiO4 cathode material for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamachis Sakata Gurmesa
- Department of Physics, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University P. O. Box 1176 Addis Ababa Ethiopia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology Yancheng 224051 China
- Department of Physics, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Mettu University P. O. Box 318, Mettu Ethiopia
| | - Natei Ermias Benti
- Department of Physics, College of Natural and Computational Science, Wolaita Sodo University P. O. Box 138, Wolaita Sodo Ethiopia
| | - Mesfin Diro Chaka
- Computational Data Science Program, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University P. O. Box 1176 Addis Ababa Ethiopia
| | - Girum Ayalneh Tiruye
- Materials Science Program/Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University P. O. Box 1176 Addis Ababa Ethiopia
| | - Qinfang Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology Yancheng 224051 China
| | - Yedilfana Setarge Mekonnen
- Center for Environmental Science, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University P. O. Box 1176 Addis Ababa Ethiopia
| | - Chernet Amente Geffe
- Department of Physics, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University P. O. Box 1176 Addis Ababa Ethiopia
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27
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Kondori A, Jiang Z, Esmaeilirad M, Tamadoni Saray M, Kakekhani A, Kucuk K, Navarro Munoz Delgado P, Maghsoudipour S, Hayes J, Johnson CS, Segre CU, Shahbazian-Yassar R, Rappe AM, Asadi M. Kinetically Stable Oxide Overlayers on Mo 3 P Nanoparticles Enabling Lithium-Air Batteries with Low Overpotentials and Long Cycle Life. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2004028. [PMID: 33169392 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The main drawbacks of today's state-of-the-art lithium-air (Li-air) batteries are their low energy efficiency and limited cycle life due to the lack of earth-abundant cathode catalysts that can drive both oxygen reduction and evolution reactions (ORR and OER) at high rates at thermodynamic potentials. Here, inexpensive trimolybdenum phosphide (Mo3 P) nanoparticles with an exceptional activity-ORR and OER current densities of 7.21 and 6.85 mA cm-2 at 2.0 and 4.2 V versus Li/Li+ , respectively-in an oxygen-saturated non-aqueous electrolyte are reported. The Tafel plots indicate remarkably low charge transfer resistance-Tafel slopes of 35 and 38 mV dec-1 for ORR and OER, respectively-resulting in the lowest ORR overpotential of 4.0 mV and OER overpotential of 5.1 mV reported to date. Using this catalyst, a Li-air battery cell with low discharge and charge overpotentials of 80 and 270 mV, respectively, and high energy efficiency of 90.2% in the first cycle is demonstrated. A long cycle life of 1200 is also achieved for this cell. Density functional theory calculations of ORR and OER on Mo3 P (110) reveal that an oxide overlayer formed on the surface gives rise to the observed high ORR and OER electrocatalytic activity and small discharge/charge overpotentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Kondori
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| | - Zhen Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6323, USA
| | - Mohammadreza Esmaeilirad
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| | - Mahmoud Tamadoni Saray
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Arvin Kakekhani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6323, USA
| | - Kamil Kucuk
- Department of Physics and CSRRI, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| | - Pablo Navarro Munoz Delgado
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| | - Sadaf Maghsoudipour
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| | - John Hayes
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| | - Christopher S Johnson
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Carlo U Segre
- Department of Physics and CSRRI, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| | - Reza Shahbazian-Yassar
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Andrew M Rappe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6323, USA
| | - Mohammad Asadi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
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28
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Tomita K, Noguchi H, Uosaki K. Electrochemical Growth of Very Long (∼80 μm) Crystalline Li2O2 Nanowires on Single-Layer Graphene Covered Gold and Their Growth Mechanism. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:19502-19509. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c05392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Tomita
- Global Research Center for Environment and Energy Based on Nanomaterials Science (GREEN) and Center for Green Research on Energy and Environmental Materials (Greater GREEN), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Hidenori Noguchi
- Global Research Center for Environment and Energy Based on Nanomaterials Science (GREEN) and Center for Green Research on Energy and Environmental Materials (Greater GREEN), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Kohei Uosaki
- Global Research Center for Environment and Energy Based on Nanomaterials Science (GREEN) and Center for Green Research on Energy and Environmental Materials (Greater GREEN), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
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29
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Lowe JS, Siegel DJ. Modeling the Interface between Lithium Metal and Its Native Oxide. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:46015-46026. [PMID: 32929961 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c12468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Owing to their high theoretical capacities, batteries that employ lithium (Li) metal as the negative electrode are attractive technologies for next-generation energy storage. However, the successful implementation of lithium metal batteries is limited by several factors, many of which can be traced to an incomplete understanding of surface phenomena involving the Li anode. Here, first-principles calculations are used to characterize the native oxide layer on Li, including several properties associated with the Li/lithium oxide (Li2O) interface. Multiple interface models are examined; the models account for differing interface (chemical) terminations and degrees of atomic ordering (i.e., crystalline vs amorphous). The interfacial energy, formation energy, and strain energies are predicted for these models. The amorphous interface yields the lowest interfacial formation energy, suggesting that it is the most probable model under equilibrium conditions. The work of adhesion is evaluated for the crystalline interfaces, and it is found that the O-terminated interface exhibits a work of adhesion more than 30 times larger than that of the Li-terminated model, implying that Li will strongly wet an oxygen-rich Li2O surface. The electronic structure of the interfaces is characterized using Voronoi charge analysis and shifts in the Li 1s binding energies. The width of the Li/Li2O interface, as determined by deviations from bulklike charges and binding energies, extends beyond the region exhibiting interfacial structural distortions. Finally, the transport of Li ions through the amorphous oxide is quantified using ab initio molecular dynamics. Facile transport of Li+ through the native oxide is observed. Thus, increasing the percentage of amorphous Li2O in the solid electrolyte interphase may be beneficial for battery performance. In total, the phenomena quantified here will aid in the optimization of batteries that employ high-capacity Li metal anodes.
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30
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Fei G, Duan S, Zhang M, Ren Z, Cui Y, Chen X, Liu Y, Yi W, Liu X. Predicted stable Li 5P 2 and Li 4P at ambient pressure: novel high-performance anodes for lithium-ion batteries. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:19172-19177. [PMID: 32812581 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03297b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lithium-rich phosphides have recently attracted considerable attention due to their potential application as high-capacity and high-rate anodes for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, there is still short of the promising candidate thus far because of the poor electrical conductivity or huge volume change in the already known Li-P compounds. In this work, we report two novel Li-P states, Li5P2 and Li4P, stabilized under high pressures that are predicted to be quenchable down to ambient conditions by first-principles swarm structure calculations. The predicted P3m1 Li5P2 shows interesting features as a p-type semiconductor with an indirect band gap of 0.787 eV, possessing significant anisotropy properties in electrical transport, while R3[combining macron]m Li4P acts as a typical electride with metallic behavior at pressures of 0-82 GPa. More importantly, our calculations reveal that the theoretical capacities of Li5P2 and Li4P are predicted to reach 2164 and 3462 mA h g-1, respectively. Combined with the good electrical transport properties, the calculated volume expansion of Li5P2 (130%) is found to be much smaller than those of the previously reported Li-P compounds, indicating its potential as a high performance anode material for LIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Fei
- Laboratory of High Pressure Physics and Material Science (HPPMS), School of Physics and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165, China.
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31
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Hou B, Lei X, Zhong S, Sun B, Ouyang C. Dissociation of (Li 2O 2) 0,+ on graphene and boron-doped graphene: insights from first-principles calculations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:14216-14224. [PMID: 32555834 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02597f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reducing charge overpotential is of great significance to enhance the efficiency and cyclability of Li-O2 batteries. Here, a dramatically reduced charge overpotential via boron-doped graphene as a catalytic substrate is successfully predicted. By first-principles calculations, from the perspective of reaction thermodynamics and kinetics, the results show that the electrochemical oxidation of the Li2O2+ cation is easier than the chemical oxidation of the neutral Li2O2 molecule, and the oxidation of (Li2O2)0,+ is facilitated by boron-doping in pristine graphene. More importantly, the results reveal the oxidation mechanism of (Li2O2)0,+: two-step dissociation with the LiO2 molecule as a reactive intermediate has advantages over one-step dissociation; the rate-determining step for the dissociation of (Li2O2+)G is the oxygen evolution process, while the lithium removal process is the rate-determining step for the dissociation of (Li2O20)G, (Li2O20)BG, and (Li2O2+)BG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binpeng Hou
- Department of Physics, Laboratory of Computational Materials Physics, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China.
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32
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Zhao X, Gu F, Wang Y, Peng Z, Liu J. Surface Electronegativity as an Activity Descriptor to Screen Oxygen Evolution Reaction Catalysts of Li-O 2 Battery. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:27166-27175. [PMID: 32441914 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c04814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The development of active electrocatalysts for enhancing Li2O2 decomposition kinetics plays an important role in reducing the overpotential of Li-O2 batteries. However, a catalytic descriptor is not established due to the difficult characterization of the charge transfer between Li2O2 and the catalyst. Here, we employ first-principles thermodynamic calculations to study the electrocatalytic mechanism of 4d transition metals. We found that charge acceptation and donation capacities of catalysts, defined as surface electron affinity (VSEA) and surface ionic potential (VSIP), take cooperative responsibilities for the activation of Li-O2 bonds and the reduction of desorption barriers of Li+ and O2, respectively. Therefore, we define surface electronegativity VSE (VSE = (VSEA + VSIP)/2), which exhibits a volcano curve with a reduced charge overpotential, as the catalytic descriptor. We identified those catalysts with surface electronegativities of 1.7-2.2 V to have highly catalytic activities in the reduction of the charge overpotential, which are well verified by previous experimental data. The present study opens a wide avenue in the development of high-activity catalysts for interfacial electrocatalysts by an effective descriptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Feng Gu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Youwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhangquan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Functional Material Manufacturing of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
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33
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Liu T, Vivek JP, Zhao EW, Lei J, Garcia-Araez N, Grey CP. Current Challenges and Routes Forward for Nonaqueous Lithium-Air Batteries. Chem Rev 2020; 120:6558-6625. [PMID: 32090540 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nonaqueous lithium-air batteries have garnered considerable research interest over the past decade due to their extremely high theoretical energy densities and potentially low cost. Significant advances have been achieved both in the mechanistic understanding of the cell reactions and in the development of effective strategies to help realize a practical energy storage device. By drawing attention to reports published mainly within the past 8 years, this review provides an updated mechanistic picture of the lithium peroxide based cell reactions and highlights key remaining challenges, including those due to the parasitic processes occurring at the reaction product-electrolyte, product-cathode, electrolyte-cathode, and electrolyte-anode interfaces. We introduce the fundamental principles and critically evaluate the effectiveness of the different strategies that have been proposed to mitigate the various issues of this chemistry, which include the use of solid catalysts, redox mediators, solvating additives for oxygen reaction intermediates, gas separation membranes, etc. Recently established cell chemistries based on the superoxide, hydroxide, and oxide phases are also summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Department of Chemistry, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China.,Chemistry Department, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - J Padmanabhan Vivek
- Chemistry Department, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Evan Wenbo Zhao
- Chemistry Department, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Jiang Lei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Department of Chemistry, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Nuria Garcia-Araez
- Chemistry Department, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Clare P Grey
- Chemistry Department, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
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34
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Zakharchenko TK, Sergeev AV, D Bashkirov A, Neklyudova P, Cervellino A, Itkis DM, Yashina LV. Homogeneous nucleation of Li 2O 2 under Li-O 2 battery discharge. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:4591-4601. [PMID: 32043506 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr08493b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The development of high-energy lithium-oxygen batteries has significantly slowed by numerous challenges including capacity limitations due to electrode surface passivation by the discharge product Li2O2. Since the passivation rate and intensity are dependent on the deposit morphology, herein, we focus on the mechanisms governing Li2O2 formation within the porous cathode. We report evidence of homogeneous nucleation of Li2O2 crystallites and their further assembly in bulk of the electrolyte solution in DMSO, which possesses a high donor number. After careful estimation of the superoxide ion concentration distribution within a phenomenological model, it was found that the high stability of superoxide ions formed during the ORR towards disproportionation and sufficient diffusivity of (0.5-1.2) × 10-6 cm2 s-1 enabled Li2O2 nucleation and crystallization not only at the surface but also in the electrolyte, and the reaction zone spread throughout the internal space of the porous electrode. High initial supersaturation promoted the homogeneous nucleation of Li2O2 nanoplates, which instantly assembled into mesocrystals also in the solution bulk. These results were supported by operando SAXS/WAXS and morphology observations. Thus, although homogeneous nucleation is not dominant, it is important for achieving a high capacity in Li-O2 batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana K Zakharchenko
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Kosygina Street 4, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
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35
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Dai W, Cui X, Chi X, Zhou Y, Yang J, Lian X, Zhang Q, Dong W, Chen W. Potassium Doping Facilitated Formation of Tunable Superoxides in Li 2O 2 for Improved Electrochemical Kinetics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:4558-4564. [PMID: 31960670 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b21554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Superoxide (O2-) species play a crucial role in determining the charge kinetics for aprotic lithium-oxygen (Li-O2) batteries. However, the growth of O2--rich lithium peroxide (Li2O2) is challenging since O2- is thermodynamically unfavorable and unstable in an O2 atmosphere. Herein, we reported the synthesis of defective Li2O2 with tunable O2- via K+ doping. The K+ dopants can successfully stabilize O2- species and induce the coordination of Li+ with O2-, leading to increased Li vacancies. Compared to the pristine Li2O2, the as-prepared defective Li2O2 can be charged at a lower overpotential in Li-O2 batteries, which is ascribed to further increased Li vacancies contributed by the depotassiation process at the onset of the charge process. Our findings suggest a new strategy to better control O2- species in Li2O2 by K+ dopants and provide insights into the K+ effects on charge mechanism in Li-O2 batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenrui Dai
- Advanced Energy Storage Materials and Devices Lab, School of Physics and Electronic-Electrical Engineering , Ningxia University , Yinchuan 750021 , P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , 117543 Singapore
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute , 377 Lin Quan Street , Suzhou Industrial Park , Suzhou , Jiangsu 215123 , P. R. China
| | - Xinhang Cui
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute , 377 Lin Quan Street , Suzhou Industrial Park , Suzhou , Jiangsu 215123 , P. R. China
- Department of Physics , National University of Singapore , 2 Science Drive 3 , 117542 Singapore
| | - Xiao Chi
- Singapore Synchrotron Light Source , National University of Singapore , 5 Research Link , 117603 Singapore
| | - Yin Zhou
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , 117543 Singapore
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute , 377 Lin Quan Street , Suzhou Industrial Park , Suzhou , Jiangsu 215123 , P. R. China
| | - Jinlin Yang
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , 117543 Singapore
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute , 377 Lin Quan Street , Suzhou Industrial Park , Suzhou , Jiangsu 215123 , P. R. China
| | - Xu Lian
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , 117543 Singapore
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , 117543 Singapore
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute , 377 Lin Quan Street , Suzhou Industrial Park , Suzhou , Jiangsu 215123 , P. R. China
| | - Wenhao Dong
- Advanced Energy Storage Materials and Devices Lab, School of Physics and Electronic-Electrical Engineering , Ningxia University , Yinchuan 750021 , P. R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , 117543 Singapore
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute , 377 Lin Quan Street , Suzhou Industrial Park , Suzhou , Jiangsu 215123 , P. R. China
- Department of Physics , National University of Singapore , 2 Science Drive 3 , 117542 Singapore
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University , Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207 , P. R. China
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Room-temperature reduction of NO 2 in a Li-NO 2 battery: a proof of concept. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2020; 65:55-61. [PMID: 36659069 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2019.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Although considerable effort has been devoted to purifying nitrogen oxides (NOx), it is still challenging to effectively reduce NOx at room temperature and ambient pressure without catalysts. In this study, as a proof-of-concept, we have for the first time demonstrated the room-temperature reduction of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) using a rechargeable lithium-nitrogen dioxide (Li-NO2) battery. The battery shows a capacity of 884 mAh g-1 at 50 mA g-1 (an actual energy density of 666 Wh kg-1) and a promising electrochemical Faraday efficiency (FE) of 67%. The unique properties of Li-NO2 rechargeable batteries not only provide a way to reduce and recycle NO2 but also highlight the potential of oxidative air pollutants as energy sources for next-generation electrochemical energy storage (EES) systems.
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Structural and Electronic Properties of Small Stoichiometric (Li2O2)n Clusters and Relevance to Li–O2 Batteries. J CLUST SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-019-01736-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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38
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Assary RS, Curtiss LA. Oxidative decomposition mechanisms of lithium peroxide clusters: an Ab Initio study. Mol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2018.1559955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev S. Assary
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratories, Argonne, IL, USA
- Joint Center for Energy, Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratories, Argonne, USA
| | - Larry A. Curtiss
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratories, Argonne, IL, USA
- Joint Center for Energy, Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratories, Argonne, USA
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Lee D, Park H, Ko Y, Park H, Hyeon T, Kang K, Park J. Direct Observation of Redox Mediator-Assisted Solution-Phase Discharging of Li-O 2 Battery by Liquid-Phase Transmission Electron Microscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:8047-8052. [PMID: 31066554 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b02332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Li-O2 battery is one of the important next-generation energy storage systems, as it can potentially offer the highest theoretical energy density among battery chemistries reported thus far. However, realization of its high discharge capacity still remains challenging and is hampered by the nature of how the discharge products are formed, causing premature passivation of the air electrode. Redox mediators are exploited to solve this problem, as they can promote the charge transfer from electrodes to the solution phase. The mechanistic understanding of the fundamental electrochemical reaction involving the redox mediators would aid in the further development of Li-O2 batteries along with rational design of new redox mediators. Herein, we attempt to monitor the discharge reaction of a Li-O2 battery in real time by liquid-phase transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Direct in situ TEM observation reveals the gradual growth of toroidal Li2O2 discharge product in the electrolyte with the redox mediator upon discharge. Moreover, quantitative analyses of the growth profiles elucidate that the growth mechanism involves two steps: dominant lateral growth of Li2O2 into disclike structures in the early stage followed by vertical growth with morphology transformation into a toroidal structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghoon Lee
- Center for Nanoparticle Research , Institute for Basic Science , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeokjun Park
- Center for Nanoparticle Research , Institute for Basic Science , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmin Ko
- Center for Nanoparticle Research , Institute for Basic Science , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hayoung Park
- Center for Nanoparticle Research , Institute for Basic Science , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Taeghwan Hyeon
- Center for Nanoparticle Research , Institute for Basic Science , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Kisuk Kang
- Center for Nanoparticle Research , Institute for Basic Science , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jungwon Park
- Center for Nanoparticle Research , Institute for Basic Science , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
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Liu W, Shen Y, Yu Y, Lu X, Zhang W, Huang Z, Meng J, Huang Y, Guo Z. Intrinsically Optimizing Charge Transfer via Tuning Charge/Discharge Mode for Lithium-Oxygen Batteries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1900154. [PMID: 30977973 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201900154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Lithium-oxygen batteries have an ultrahigh theoretical energy density, almost ten times higher than lithium-ion batteries. The poor conductivity of the discharge product Li2 O2 , however, severely raises the charge overpotential and pulls down the cyclability. Here, a simple and effective strategy is presented for regular formation of lithium vacancies in the discharge product via tuning charge/discharge mode, and their effects on the charge transfer behavior. The effects of the discharge current density on the lithium vacancies, ionic conductivity, and electronic conductivity of the discharge product Li2 O2 are systematically investigated via electron spin resonance, spin-alignment echo nuclear magnetic resonance, and tungsten nanomanipulators, respectively. The study by density functional theory indicates that the lithium vacancies in Li2 O2 generated during the discharge process are highly dependent on the current density. High current can induce a high vacancy density, which enhances the electronic conductivity and reduces the overpotential. Meanwhile, with increasing discharge current, the morphology of the Li2 O2 changes from microtoroids to thin nanoplatelets, effectively shortening the charge transfer distance and improving the cycling performance. The Li2 O2 grown in fast discharge mode is more easily decomposed in the following charging process. The lithium-oxygen battery cycling in fast-discharge/slow-charge mode exhibits low overpotential and long cycle life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for Synthesis and Applications of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Yue Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Yao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Xia Lu
- School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Wang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoming Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Jintao Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Yunhui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Zaiping Guo
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for Synthesis and Applications of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2500, Australia
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Shu C, Wang J, Long J, Liu HK, Dou SX. Understanding the Reaction Chemistry during Charging in Aprotic Lithium-Oxygen Batteries: Existing Problems and Solutions. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1804587. [PMID: 30767276 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201804587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The aprotic lithium-oxygen (Li-O2 ) battery has excited huge interest due to it having the highest theoretical energy density among the different types of rechargeable battery. The facile achievement of a practical Li-O2 battery has been proven unrealistic, however. The most significant barrier to progress is the limited understanding of the reaction processes occurring in the battery, especially during the charging process on the positive electrode. Thus, understanding the charging mechanism is of crucial importance to enhance the Li-O2 battery performance and lifetime. Here, recent progress in understanding the electrochemistry and chemistry related to charging in Li-O2 batteries is reviewed along with the strategies to address the issues that exist in the charging process at the present stage. The properties of Li2 O2 and the mechanisms of Li2 O2 oxidation to O2 on charge are discussed comprehensively, as are the accompanied parasitic chemistries, which are considered as the underlying issues hindering the reversibility of Li-O2 batteries. Based on the detailed discussion of the charging mechanism, innovative strategies for addressing the issues for the charging process are discussed in detail. This review has profound implications for both a better understanding of charging chemistry and the development of reliable rechargeable Li-O2 batteries in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaozhu Shu
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, 1# Dongsanlu, Erxianqiao, Chengdu, 610059, Sichuan, P. R. China
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Jiazhao Wang
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Jianping Long
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, 1# Dongsanlu, Erxianqiao, Chengdu, 610059, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Hua-Kun Liu
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Shi-Xue Dou
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
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Kavalsky L, Mukherjee S, Singh CV. Phosphorene as a Catalyst for Highly Efficient Nonaqueous Li-Air Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:499-510. [PMID: 30521304 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b13505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Li-air batteries can yield exceptionally high predicted energy densities. However, for this technology to become realizable, round-trip efficiency issues and slow kinetics at the cathode require implementation of a catalyst. With design parameters not well understood and limitations on material selection, choosing an ideal catalyst is complex. In Li-air batteries, energy storage is achieved by reactions between Li and O (oxygen reduction reaction for discharge and oxygen evolution reaction for charge). Here, phosphorene is proposed as a solution through simulations of its catalytic behavior toward discharge initiated via either O2 dissociation or Li adsorption. After obtaining intermediate geometries for both nucleation paths leading to either Li2O2 or 2(Li2O), free-energy diagrams are generated to predict the promoted discharge product of Li2O2. Furthermore, considering a final product of Li2O2, the overpotentials are predicted to be 1.44 V for discharge and 2.63 V for charge. Activation barriers for the catalytic decomposition of Li2O2 (during charge) are found to be 1.01 eV for phosphorene versus 2.06 eV for graphene. This leads to a major difference in reaction rate up to 1017 times in favor of phosphorene. These results, complemented by electronic analysis, establish phosphorene as a promising catalyst for Li-air batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lance Kavalsky
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Toronto , 184 College Street, Suite 140 , Toronto , ON M5S 3E4 , Canada
| | - Sankha Mukherjee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Toronto , 184 College Street, Suite 140 , Toronto , ON M5S 3E4 , Canada
| | - Chandra Veer Singh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Toronto , 184 College Street, Suite 140 , Toronto , ON M5S 3E4 , Canada
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering , University of Toronto , 5 King's College Road , Toronto M5S 3G8 , Canada
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Yang Y, Wang Y, Yao M, Wang X, Huang H. First-principles study of rocksalt early transition-metal carbides as potential catalysts for Li-O 2 batteries. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:30231-30238. [PMID: 30500014 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp06745g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A series of early transition-metal carbides (TMCs) in the NaCl structure have been constructed to compare the catalytic activity in Li-O2 batteries by first-principles calculations. The reasonable interfacial models of LixO2 (x = 4, 2, and 1) molecules adsorbed on early TMCs surfaces were used to simulate oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) processes. Taking overpotentials as a merit parameter of catalytic activity, more relationships between material properties relative to the adsorption/desorption behavior of active molecules and catalytic activity are constructed for early TMCs. The equilibrium and charging potentials used to calculate the OER overpotentials of early TMCs are inversely proportional to the adsorption energies of (Li2O)2 and LiO2, respectively. The ORR overpotentials are inversely proportional to the adsorption energies of (Li2O)2 and LiO2 for early TMCs, but the relationship between OER overpotentials and the adsorption energies of reactive intermediates is unclear. Additionally, the overpotentials of early TMCs for ORR and OER are proportional to the desorption energies of Li+ and O2, respectively. In general, both the adsorption energy of (Li2O)2/LiO2 and desorption energy of Li+/O2 are effective characterization parameters of catalytic activity. By providing the comprehensive valuable parameters on electrochemical performance to compare the catalytic activity of early TMCs and establishing more correlations between material properties relative to the adsorption/desorption behavior of active molecules with their catalytic activity, our investigation is helpful for knowing more about the catalytic process and beneficial to screen and design novel highly active catalysts for Li-O2 batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116085, China.
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Mekonnen YS, Christensen R, Garcia-Lastra JM, Vegge T. Thermodynamic and Kinetic Limitations for Peroxide and Superoxide Formation in Na-O 2 Batteries. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:4413-4419. [PMID: 30016107 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b01790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The Na-O2 system holds great potential as a low-cost, high-energy-density battery, but under normal operating conditions, the discharge is limited to sodium superoxide (NaO2), whereas the high-capacity peroxide state (Na2O2) remains elusive. Here, we apply density functional theory calculations with an improved error-correction scheme to determine equilibrium potentials and free energies as a function of temperature for the different phases of NaO2 and Na2O2, identifying NaO2 as the thermodynamically preferred discharge product up to ∼120 K, after which Na2O2 is thermodynamically preferred. We also investigate the reaction mechanisms and resulting electrochemical overpotentials on stepped surfaces of the NaO2 and Na2O2 systems, showing low overpotentials for NaO2 formation (ηdis = 0.14 V) and depletion (ηcha = 0.19 V), whereas the overpotentials for Na2O2 formation (ηdis = 0.69 V) and depletion (ηcha = 0.68 V) are found to be prohibitively high. These findings are in good agreement with experimental data on the thermodynamic properties of the Na xO2 species and provide a kinetic explanation for why NaO2 is the main discharge product in Na-O2 batteries under normal operating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yedilfana S Mekonnen
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage , Technical University of Denmark , Fysikvej, Building 309 , 2800 Kgs Lyngby , Denmark
- Center for Environmental Science, College of Natural and Computational Sciences , Addis Ababa University , P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa , Ethiopia
| | - Rune Christensen
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage , Technical University of Denmark , Fysikvej, Building 309 , 2800 Kgs Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Juan M Garcia-Lastra
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage , Technical University of Denmark , Fysikvej, Building 309 , 2800 Kgs Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Tejs Vegge
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage , Technical University of Denmark , Fysikvej, Building 309 , 2800 Kgs Lyngby , Denmark
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Wang Z, Chen X, Shen F, Hang X, Niu C. TiC MXene High Energy Density Cathode for Lithium-Air Battery. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.201800059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Wang
- Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy; State Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment; School of Electrical Engineering; Xi'an Jiaotong University; 99 Yanxiang Road Xi'an 710054 China
| | - Xin Chen
- Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy; State Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment; School of Electrical Engineering; Xi'an Jiaotong University; 99 Yanxiang Road Xi'an 710054 China
| | - Fei Shen
- Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy; State Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment; School of Electrical Engineering; Xi'an Jiaotong University; 99 Yanxiang Road Xi'an 710054 China
| | - Xiaogang Hang
- Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy; State Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment; School of Electrical Engineering; Xi'an Jiaotong University; 99 Yanxiang Road Xi'an 710054 China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Grid of Shaanxi Province; Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 China
| | - Chunming Niu
- Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy; State Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment; School of Electrical Engineering; Xi'an Jiaotong University; 99 Yanxiang Road Xi'an 710054 China
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Chowdhury C, Datta A. Doped boron nitride surfaces: potential metal free bifunctional catalysts for non-aqueous Li-O 2 batteries. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:16485-16492. [PMID: 29882942 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp02663g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of novel cathode catalysts is crucial for the practical application of lithium-oxygen (Li-O2) batteries. In this paper, we have evaluated the catalytic mechanism and activity of doped hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) surfaces as cathode catalysts for nonaqueous Li-O2 batteries. From the free energy diagrams it is evident that the CN doped h-BN surface shows the best catalytic activity among the others and this arises due to its considerably lower oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) overpotential and lower oxygen evolution reaction (OER) overpotential. This is due to the weaker binding of the first product (LiO2) and stronger binding with the inserted Li atom. The computations predict that among the considered doped h-BN surfaces, the CN doped h-BN surface can be an efficient metal-free cathode material for nonaqueous Li-O2 batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Chowdhury
- Department of Spectroscopy, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur-700032, West Bengal, India.
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Hong M, Yang C, Wong RA, Nakao A, Choi HC, Byon HR. Determining the Facile Routes for Oxygen Evolution Reaction by In Situ Probing of Li–O2 Cells with Conformal Li2O2 Films. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:6190-6193. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b02003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Misun Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chunzhen Yang
- Byon Initiative Research Unit (IRU), RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Raymond A. Wong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Byon Initiative Research Unit (IRU), RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Aiko Nakao
- Bioengineering Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hee Cheul Choi
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77, Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Ryung Byon
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Battery Center, KAIST Institute NanoCentury, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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48
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Jimlim P, Kotmool K, Pinsook U, Assabumrungrat S, Ahuja R, Bovornratanaraks T. Theoretical aspects in structural distortion and the electronic properties of lithium peroxide under high pressure. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:9488-9497. [PMID: 29568830 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp07293g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The structural phase transition and electronic properties of Li2O2 under pressures up to 500 GPa have been investigated using first-principles calculations. Two new structural phase transitions have been proposed at pressures around 75 GPa from the P63/mmc structure to the P21 structure and around 136 GPa from the P21 structure to the P21/c structure. The calculated phonon spectra have confirmed the dynamical stability of these structures. The pressure dependence of the lattice dynamics, O-O bond length, and band gaps in Li2O2 have also been reported. The band gaps of the P63/mmc, P21, and P21/c structures calculated by PBE and HSE06 have shown increasing trends with increasing pressure. Interestingly, the P63/mmc band gap and c/a ratio have significantly decreased with the increasing O-O bond length and ELF value around 11 and 40 GPa. At these pressures, the phonon frequency of the O-O stretching modes has softened. This finding reveals the effects of structural distortion in three phases of Li2O2. Our study provides structural understanding and the electronic properties of Li2O2 under high pressure, which might be useful for investigating the charge transport through Li2O2 in lithium-air batteries and CO2 capture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pornmongkol Jimlim
- Extreme Conditions Physics Research Laboratory (ECPRL), Physics of Energy Materials Research Unit, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. and Department of Physics, Mahidol Wittayanusorn School, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Komsilp Kotmool
- Department of Physics, Mahidol Wittayanusorn School, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Udomsilp Pinsook
- Extreme Conditions Physics Research Laboratory (ECPRL), Physics of Energy Materials Research Unit, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. and Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics, Commission on Higher Education, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Suttichai Assabumrungrat
- Center of Excellence on Catalysis and Catalytic Reaction Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Rajeev Ahuja
- Condensed Matter Theory Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden and Applied Materials Physics, Department of Materials and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), S-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thiti Bovornratanaraks
- Extreme Conditions Physics Research Laboratory (ECPRL), Physics of Energy Materials Research Unit, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. and Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics, Commission on Higher Education, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Liu P, Han J, Guo X, Ito Y, Yang C, Ning S, Fujita T, Hirata A, Chen M. Operando characterization of cathodic reactions in a liquid-state lithium-oxygen micro-battery by scanning transmission electron microscopy. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3134. [PMID: 29453422 PMCID: PMC5816613 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21503-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Rechargeable non-aqueous lithium-oxygen batteries with a large theoretical capacity are emerging as a high-energy electrochemical device for sustainable energy strategy. Despite many efforts made to understand the fundamental Li-O2 electrochemistry, the kinetic process of cathodic reactions, associated with the formation and decomposition of a solid Li2O2 phase during charging and discharging, remains debate. Here we report direct visualization of the charge/discharge reactions on a gold cathode in a non-aqueous lithium-oxygen micro-battery using liquid-cell aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) combining with synchronized electrochemical measurements. The real-time and real-space characterization by time-resolved STEM reveals the electrochemical correspondence of discharge/charge overpotentials to the nucleation, growth and decomposition of Li2O2 at a constant current density. The nano-scale operando observations would enrich our knowledge on the underlying reaction mechanisms of lithium-oxygen batteries during round-trip discharging and charging and shed lights on the strategies in improving the performances of lithium-oxygen batteries by tailoring the cathodic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P.R. China
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
- CREST, JST, 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Jiuhui Han
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Xianwei Guo
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
- CREST, JST, 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Ito
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
- CREST, JST, 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Chuchu Yang
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Shoucong Ning
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Takeshi Fujita
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Akihiko Hirata
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
- CREST, JST, 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Mingwei Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P.R. China.
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan.
- CREST, JST, 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.
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Dutta A, Wong RA, Park W, Yamanaka K, Ohta T, Jung Y, Byon HR. Nanostructuring one-dimensional and amorphous lithium peroxide for high round-trip efficiency in lithium-oxygen batteries. Nat Commun 2018; 9:680. [PMID: 29445206 PMCID: PMC5813182 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02727-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The major challenge facing lithium-oxygen batteries is the insulating and bulk lithium peroxide discharge product, which causes sluggish decomposition and increasing overpotential during recharge. Here, we demonstrate an improved round-trip efficiency of ~80% by means of a mesoporous carbon electrode, which directs the growth of one-dimensional and amorphous lithium peroxide. Morphologically, the one-dimensional nanostructures with small volume and high surface show improved charge transport and promote delithiation (lithium ion dissolution) during recharge and thus plays a critical role in the facile decomposition of lithium peroxide. Thermodynamically, density functional calculations reveal that disordered geometric arrangements of the surface atoms in the amorphous structure lead to weaker binding of the key reaction intermediate lithium superoxide, yielding smaller oxygen reduction and evolution overpotentials compared to the crystalline surface. This study suggests a strategy to enhance the decomposition rate of lithium peroxide by exploiting the size and shape of one-dimensional nanostructured lithium peroxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arghya Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Byon Initiative Research Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Raymond A Wong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Byon Initiative Research Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Energy Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan
| | - Woonghyeon Park
- Graduate School of Energy, Environment, Water and Sustainability (EEWS), KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Keisuke Yamanaka
- Synchrotron Radiation (SR) Center, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Ohta
- Synchrotron Radiation (SR) Center, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Yousung Jung
- Graduate School of Energy, Environment, Water and Sustainability (EEWS), KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
- Advanced Battery Center, KAIST Institute for NanoCentury, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hye Ryung Byon
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
- Byon Initiative Research Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
- Advanced Battery Center, KAIST Institute for NanoCentury, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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