1
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Wang J, Sun J, Liu Y, Zhang X, Cheng K, Chen Y, Zhou F, Luo J, Li T, Guo J, Xu B. The CuSCN layer between BiVO 4 and NiFeO x for facilitating photogenerated carrier transfer and water oxidation kinetics. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 666:57-65. [PMID: 38583210 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Modification of oxygen evolution co-catalyst (OEC) on the surface of bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) can effectively improve the kinetics of water oxidation, but it is still limited by the small hole extraction driving force at the BiVO4/OEC interface. Modulating the BiVO4/OEC interface with a hole transfer layer (HTL) is expected to facilitate hole transport from BiVO4 to the OEC surface. Herein, a copper(I) thiocyanate (CuSCN) HTL is inserted between BiVO4 and NiFeOx OEC to create BiVO4/CuSCN/NiFeOx photoanode, resulting in a significant enhancement of photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting performance. From electrochemical analyses and density functional theory (DFT) simulations, the markedly enhanced PEC performance is attributed to the insertion of CuSCN as an HTL, which promotes the extraction of holes from BiVO4 surface and boosts the water oxidation kinetics. The optimal photoanode achieves a photocurrent density of 5.6 mA cm-2 at 1.23 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode (vs. RHE) and an impressive charge separation efficiency of 96.2 %. This work offers valuable insights into the development of advanced photoanodes for solar energy conversion and emphasizes the importance of selecting an appropriate HTL to mitigate recombination at the BiVO4/OEC interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingkun Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Jidong Sun
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Yuliang Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Xun Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Kai Cheng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Yupeng Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Fangzhou Zhou
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Jujie Luo
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Tianbao Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030032, China.
| | - Junjie Guo
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China.
| | - Bingshe Xu
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030032, China
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2
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Chen S, Nagai Y, Pan Z, Katayama K. Subtraction Descriptors in Machine Learning for Optimizing the Cocatalyst Effect of Cobalt Phosphate on Hematite Photoanodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:33611-33619. [PMID: 38899937 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c06220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
In the quest for sustainable energy solutions, the optimization of the photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance of hematite photoanodes through cocatalysts represents a promising avenue. This study introduces a novel machine learning approach, leveraging subtraction descriptors, to isolate and quantify the specific effects of cobalt phosphate (Co-Pi) as a cocatalyst on hematite's PEC performance. By integrating data from various analytical techniques, including photoelectrochemical impedance spectroscopy and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, with advanced machine learning models, we successfully predicted the PEC performance enhancement attributed to Co-Pi. The Gaussian process regression (GPR) model emerged as the most effective, revealing the critical influence of the interfacial resistance, bulk resistance, and interfacial capacitance on the PEC performance. These findings underscore the potential of cocatalysts in improving charge separation and extending charge carrier lifetimes, thereby boosting the efficiency of photocatalytic reactions. This study not only advances our understanding of the cocatalyst effect in photocatalytic systems but also demonstrates the power of machine learning in modifying complex materials and guiding the development of optimized photocatalytic materials. The implications of this research extend beyond hematite photoanodes, offering a generalizable framework for enhancing the photoelectrochemical properties of a wide range of material modifications such as cocatalyst deposition, doping, and passivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyan Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Chuo University, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Yuya Nagai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Chuo University, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Zhenhua Pan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Chuo University, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Kenji Katayama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Chuo University, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
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3
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Ma Z, Yin Y, Jiang Y, Luo W, Xu J, Chen Y, Bao Z, Guo C, Lv J. Fast annealing fabrication of porous CuWO 4photoanode for charge transport in photoelectrochemical water oxidation. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:385401. [PMID: 38917778 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad5b67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Ternary-phase CuWO4oxide with an electronic band gap of 2.2-2.4 eV is a potential candidate photoanode material for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. Herein, we present an efficient method to prepare CuWO4film photoanode by combining hydrothermal method and hybrid microwave annealing (HMA) process. In comparison with conventional thermal annealing (CTA), HMA can achieve CuWO4thin film within minutes by using SiC susceptor. When the CuWO4photoanode is prepared by HMA, its PEC water oxidation performance improves from 0.21 to 0.29 mA cm-2at 1.23 VRHEcomparing with the one prepared by CTA. The origin of the enhanced photocurrent was investigated by means of complementary physical characterizations and PEC methods. The results demonstrated that the obtained HMA processed CuWO4photoanode not only exhibited intrinsic porous nanostructures but also abundant surface hydroxyl groups, which facilitated sufficient mass transport and the charge transfer. Our results highlight the application of HMA for the fast fabrication of porous film photo-electrodes without using sacrificial template.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zili Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjun Yin
- School of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Chaohu University, Chaohu 238024, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihao Luo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyu Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Bao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaozhong Guo
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Lv
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
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4
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Lu Y, Lee BG, Lin C, Liu TK, Wang Z, Miao J, Oh SH, Kim KC, Zhang K, Park JH. Solar-driven highly selective conversion of glycerol to dihydroxyacetone using surface atom engineered BiVO 4 photoanodes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5475. [PMID: 38942757 PMCID: PMC11213950 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49662-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Dihydroxyacetone is the most desired product in glycerol oxidation reaction because of its highest added value and large market demand among all possible oxidation products. However, selectively oxidative secondary hydroxyl groups of glycerol for highly efficient dihydroxyacetone production still poses a challenge. In this study, we engineer the surface of BiVO4 by introducing bismuth-rich domains and oxygen vacancies (Bi-rich BiVO4-x) to systematically modulate the surface adsorption of secondary hydroxyl groups and enhance photo-induced charge separation for photoelectrochemical glycerol oxidation into dihydroxyacetone conversion. As a result, the Bi-rich BiVO4-x increases the glycerol oxidation photocurrent density of BiVO4 from 1.42 to 4.26 mA cm-2 at 1.23 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode under AM 1.5 G illumination, as well as the dihydroxyacetone selectivity from 54.0% to 80.3%, finally achieving a dihydroxyacetone production rate of 361.9 mmol m-2 h-1 that outperforms all reported values. The surface atom customization opens a way to regulate the solar-driven organic transformation pathway toward a carbon chain-balanced product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Guan Lee
- Computational Materials Design Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, the Republic of Korea
| | - Cheng Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Tae-Kyung Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhipeng Wang
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiaming Miao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Sang Ho Oh
- Department of Energy Engineering, Institute for Energy Materials and Devices, Korea Institute of Energy Technology (KENTECH), Naju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Chul Kim
- Computational Materials Design Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Kan Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jong Hyeok Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Alam S, Ali M, Bang JH. Dual Functionality of Surface States in Dictating Photocurrent Generation of Au Nanocluster-Sensitized TiO 2 Electrodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:30068-30076. [PMID: 38820718 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c03841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Gold nanoclusters (Au NCs), composed of only a few atoms, exhibit molecule-like behavior due to their distinct electronic structures arising from quantum confinement effects. Unlike their plasmonic nanoparticle counterparts, these nonplasmonic Au NCs possess unique properties with significant potential for photosensitizer applications. While traditional and NC-based electrodes share architectural similarities, the photoelectrochemical (PEC) behavior of the latter diverges significantly. Sensitizing TiO2 with Au NCs introduces additional surface trap states. In contrast to conventional photosensitizers, where surface states typically have a negligible impact on hole transfer, these trap states actively mediate the charge transfer process in Au NC-sensitized TiO2 electrodes. In this study, we employed impedance spectroscopy to elucidate the role of surface trap states in photocurrent generation. Our investigation revealed that these states are critical in determining PEC performance, presenting a dichotomy: they facilitate charge transfer (enhancing PEC performance) while simultaneously promoting carrier recombination (limiting efficiency). We demonstrated that the judicious control of otherwise deleterious surface trap states can significantly boost photocurrent. Our findings highlight that the dual nature of surface trap states demands a comprehensive investigation to fully understand their intricate impact on PEC performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhaib Alam
- Nanosensor Research Institute, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohsin Ali
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Ho Bang
- Nanosensor Research Institute, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical and Molecular Engineering, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
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6
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He B, Cao Y, Lin K, Wang Y, Li Z, Yang Y, Zhao Y, Liu X. Strong Interactions between Au Nanoparticles and BiVO 4 Photoanode Boosts Hole Extraction for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402435. [PMID: 38566410 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Strong metal-support interaction (SMSI) is widely proposed as a key factor in tuning catalytic performances. Herein, the classical SMSI between Au nanoparticles (NPs) and BiVO4 (BVO) supports (Au/BVO-SMSI) is discovered and used innovatively for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. Owing to the SMSI, the electrons transfer from V4+ to Au NPs, leading to the formation of electron-rich Au species (Auδ-) and strong electronic interaction (i.e., Auδ--Ov-V4+), which readily contributes to extract photogenerated holes and promote charge separation. Benefitted from the SMSI effect, the as-prepared Au/BVO-SMSI photoanode exhibits a superior photocurrent density of 6.25 mA cm-2 at 1.23 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode after the deposition of FeOOH/NiOOH cocatalysts. This work provides a pioneering view for extending SMSI effect to bimetal oxide supports for PEC water splitting, and guides the interfacial electronic and geometric structure modulation of photoanodes consisting of metal NPs and reducible oxides for improved solar energy conversion efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing He
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, 430200, Wuhan, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, 430200, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Kaijie Lin
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, 430074, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, 430074, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Li
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, 430074, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Yingkui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, 430200, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Yanli Zhao
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xueqin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, 430200, Wuhan, P. R. China
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7
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Li K, Yin Y, Diao P. Enhancing Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation on WO 3 via Electrochromic Modulation: Universal Effects and Mechanistic Insights. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2402474. [PMID: 38822710 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202402474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Although WO3 exhibits both electrochromic and photoelectrochemical (PEC) properties, there is no research conducted to investigate the correlation between them. The study herein reports the electrochromic enhancement of PEC activity on WO3. The electrochromic WO3 (e-WO3) exhibits a significantly enhanced activity for PEC water oxidation compared to raw WO3 (r-WO3), with a limiting photocurrent density three times that of r-WO3. The electrochromic enhancement of PEC activity is universal and independent of the type of cations inserted during electrochromism. Decoloring reduces the PEC activity but a simple re-coloring restores the activity to its maximum value. Electrochromism induces large amounts of oxygen vacancies and surface states, the former improving the electron density of WO3 and the latter facilitating the hole transfer across e-WO3/electrolyte interface. It is proved that the electrochromic enhancement effect is due to the significantly improved electron-hole separation efficiency and the charge transfer efficiency across the WO3/electrolyte interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Materials and Performance (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yefeng Yin
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Materials and Performance (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Peng Diao
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Materials and Performance (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
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8
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Berardi S, Benazzi E, Marchini E, Cristino V, Argazzi R, Boaretto R, Gobbato T, Rigodanza F, Cerullo G, Bozzini B, Bonchio M, Prato M, Berger T, Caramori S. Role of Intragap States in Sensitized Sb-Doped Tin Oxide Photoanodes for Solar Fuels Production. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:27209-27223. [PMID: 38747220 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
In view of developing photoelectrosynthetic cells which are able to store solar energy in chemical bonds, water splitting is usually the reaction of choice when targeting hydrogen production. However, alternative approaches can be considered, aimed at substituting the anodic reaction of water oxidation with more commercially capitalizable oxidations. Among them, the production of bromine from bromide ions was investigated long back in the 1980s by Texas Instruments. Herein we present optimized perylene-diimide (PDI)-sensitized antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO) photoanodes enabling the photoinduced HBr splitting with >4 mA/cm2 photocurrent densities under 0.1 W/cm2 AM1.5G illumination and 91 ± 3% faradaic efficiencies for bromine production. These remarkable results, among the best currently reported for the photoelectrochemical Br- oxidation by dye sensitized photoanodes, are strongly related to the occupancy extent of ATO's intragap (IG) states, generated upon Sb-doping, as demonstrated by comparing their performances with PDI-sensitized analogues on both undoped SnO2- and TiO2-passivated ATO scaffolds by means of (spectro)electrochemistry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The architecture of the ATO-PDI photoanodic assembly was further modified via the introduction of a molecular iridium-based water oxidation catalyst, thus proving the versatility of the proposed hybrid interfaces as photoanodic platforms for photoinduced oxidations in PEC devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Berardi
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Benazzi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Edoardo Marchini
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Vito Cristino
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberto Argazzi
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- ISOF-CNR, c/o Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Rita Boaretto
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Thomas Gobbato
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | | | - Giulio Cerullo
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Marcella Bonchio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center of Excellence for Nanostructured Materials, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Thomas Berger
- Department of Chemistry and Physics of Materials, University of Salzburg, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Stefano Caramori
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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9
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Mesa CA, Sachs M, Pastor E, Gauriot N, Merryweather AJ, Gomez-Gonzalez MA, Ignatyev K, Giménez S, Rao A, Durrant JR, Pandya R. Correlating activities and defects in (photo)electrocatalysts using in-situ multi-modal microscopic imaging. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3908. [PMID: 38724495 PMCID: PMC11082147 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47870-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Photo(electro)catalysts use sunlight to drive chemical reactions such as water splitting. A major factor limiting photocatalyst development is physicochemical heterogeneity which leads to spatially dependent reactivity. To link structure and function in such systems, simultaneous probing of the electrochemical environment at microscopic length scales and a broad range of timescales (ns to s) is required. Here, we address this challenge by developing and applying in-situ (optical) microscopies to map and correlate local electrochemical activity, with hole lifetimes, oxygen vacancy concentrations and photoelectrode crystal structure. Using this multi-modal approach, we study prototypical hematite (α-Fe2O3) photoelectrodes. We demonstrate that regions of α-Fe2O3, adjacent to microstructural cracks have a better photoelectrochemical response and reduced back electron recombination due to an optimal oxygen vacancy concentration, with the film thickness and extended light exposure also influencing local activity. Our work highlights the importance of microscopic mapping to understand activity, in even seemingly homogeneous photoelectrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo A Mesa
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM) Universitat Jaume I, 12006, Castelló, Spain
- Sociedad de Doctores e Investigadores de Colombia, Grupo de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencia Tecnología e Innovación - BioGRID, Bogotá, 111011, Colombia
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, UAB Campus, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michael Sachs
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ernest Pastor
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM) Universitat Jaume I, 12006, Castelló, Spain
- CNRS, Univ Rennes, IPR (Institut de Physique de Rennes) - UMR 6251, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Nicolas Gauriot
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alice J Merryweather
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, UK
| | - Miguel A Gomez-Gonzalez
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Konstantin Ignatyev
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Sixto Giménez
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM) Universitat Jaume I, 12006, Castelló, Spain
| | - Akshay Rao
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, UK
| | - James R Durrant
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 7AX, United Kingdom
| | - Raj Pandya
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, UK.
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS-Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Collège de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom.
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10
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Lu Y, Liu TK, Lin C, Kim KH, Kim E, Yang Y, Fan X, Zhang K, Park JH. Nanoconfinement Enables Photoelectrochemical Selective Oxidation of Glycerol via the Microscale Fluid Effect. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:4633-4640. [PMID: 38568864 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The glycerol oxidation reaction (GOR) run with photoelectrochemical cells (PECs) is one of the most promising ways to upgrade biomass because it is thermodynamically favorable, while irreversible overoxidation leads to unsatisfactory product selectivities. Herein, a tunable one-dimensional nanoconfined environment was introduced into the GOR process, which accelerated mass transfer of glycerol via the microscale fluid effect and changed the main oxidation product from formic acid (FA) to glyceraldehyde (GLD), which led to retention of the heavier multicarbon products. The rate of glycerol diffusion in the nanochannels increased by a factor of 4.92 with decreasing inner diameters. The main product from the PEC-selective oxidation of glycerol changed from the C1 product FA to the C3 product GLD with a great selectivity of 60.7%. This work provides a favorable approach for inhibiting further oxidation of multicarbon products and illustrates the importance of microenvironmental regulation in biomass oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Lu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei-KIST Convergence Research Institute, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Kyung Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei-KIST Convergence Research Institute, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheng Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Kwang Hee Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei-KIST Convergence Research Institute, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Eugene Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei-KIST Convergence Research Institute, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Yan Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Xinyi Fan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Kan Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Jong Hyeok Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei-KIST Convergence Research Institute, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
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11
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Dang K, Liu S, Wu L, Tang D, Xue J, Wang J, Ji H, Chen C, Zhang Y, Zhao J. Bias distribution and regulation in photoelectrochemical overall water-splitting cells. Natl Sci Rev 2024; 11:nwae053. [PMID: 38666092 PMCID: PMC11044968 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwae053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The water oxidation half-reaction at anodes is always considered the rate-limiting step of overall water splitting (OWS), but the actual bias distribution between photoanodes and cathodes of photoelectrochemical (PEC) OWS cells has not been investigated systematically. In this work, we find that, for PEC cells consisting of photoanodes (nickel-modified n-Si [Ni/n-Si] and α-Fe2O3) with low photovoltage (Vph < 1 V), a large portion of applied bias is exerted on the Pt cathode for satisfying the hydrogen evolution thermodynamics, showing a thermodynamics-controlled characteristic. In contrast, for photoanodes (TiO2 and BiVO4) with Vph > 1 V, the bias required for cathode activation can be significantly reduced, exhibiting a kinetics-controlled characteristic. Further investigations show that the bias distribution can be regulated by tuning the electrolyte pH and using alternative half-reaction couplings. Accordingly, a volcano plot is presented for the rational design of the overall reactions and unbiased PEC cells. Motivated by this, an unbiased PEC cell consisting of a simple Ni/n-Si photoanode and Pt cathode is assembled, delivering a photocurrent density of 5.3 ± 0.2 mA cm-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Dang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Siqin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Daojian Tang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Xue
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiaming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongwei Ji
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chuncheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuchao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jincai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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12
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Shao B, Meng L, Chen F, Wang J, Zhai W, Li L. Ultrasound Induces Local Disorder of FeOOH on CdIn 2S 4 Photoanode for High Efficiency Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2401143. [PMID: 38534196 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The regulation of the crystal structure of oxygen evolution cocatalyst (OEC) is a promising strategy for enhancing the photoelectrochemical efficiency of photoanodes. However, the prevailing regulating approach typically requires a multistep procedure, presenting a significant challenge for maintaining the structural integrity and performance of the photoanode. Herein, FeOOH with a local disordered structure is directly grown on a CdIn2S4 (CIS) photoanode via a simple and mild sonochemical approach. By modulating the localized supersaturation of Ni ions, ultrasonic cavitation induces Ni ions to participate in the nucleation and growth of FeOOH clusters to cause local disorder of FeOOH. Consequently, the local disordered FeOOH facilitates the exposure of additional active sites, boosting OER kinetics and extending charge carrier lifetimes. Finally, the optimal photoanode reaches 4.52 mA cm-2 at 1.23 VRHE, and the onset potential shifts negatively by 330 mV, exhibiting excellent performance compared with that of other metal sulfide-based photoelectrodes reported thus far. This work provides a mild and controllable sonochemical method for regulating the phase structure of OECs to construct high-performance photoanodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Shao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Linxing Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films, Center for Energy Conversion Materials & Physics (CECMP), School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Fang Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Jianyuan Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Liang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films, Center for Energy Conversion Materials & Physics (CECMP), School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
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13
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Ren H, Zhu T, Feng L, Wu Q, Wang K, Yun X, Zhu H, Chen J, Wei B, Ni H, Xu X, Zhang Z, Wu X. Atomic Valence Reversal-Induced Polarization Resonance Spurs Highly Efficient Electromagnetic Wave Absorption in α-Fe 2O 3@Carbon Microtubes. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:3525-3531. [PMID: 38466128 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Variegation and complexity of polarization relaxation loss in many heterostructured materials provide available mechanisms to seek a strong electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption performance. Here we construct a unique heterostructured compound that bonds α-Fe2O3 nanosheets of the (110) plane on carbon microtubes (CMTs). Through effective alignment between the Fermi energy level of CMTs and the conduction band position of α-Fe2O3 nanosheets at the interface, we attain substantial polarization relaxation loss via novel atomic valence reversal between Fe(III) ↔ Fe(III-) induced with periodic electron injection from conductive CMTs under EMW irradiation to give α-Fe2O3 nanosheets. Such heterostructured materials possess currently reported minimum reflection loss of -84.01 dB centered at 10.99 GHz at a thickness of 3.19 mm and an effective absorption bandwidth (reflection loss ≤ -10 dB) of 7.17 GHz (10.83-18 GHz) at 2.65 mm. This work provides an effective strategy for designing strong EMW absorbers by combining highly efficient electron injection and atomic valence reversal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengdong Ren
- National Laboratory of Solid States Microstructures and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Tongshuai Zhu
- National Laboratory of Solid States Microstructures and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Lei Feng
- National Laboratory of Solid States Microstructures and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Qifan Wu
- National Laboratory of Solid States Microstructures and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Ka Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid States Microstructures and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xinjie Yun
- National Laboratory of Solid States Microstructures and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Haogang Zhu
- National Laboratory of Solid States Microstructures and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jian Chen
- National Laboratory of Solid States Microstructures and Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Baojun Wei
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Hao Ni
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Xiaobing Xu
- College of Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid States Microstructures and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xinglong Wu
- National Laboratory of Solid States Microstructures and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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14
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Xiao Y, Wang M, Liu D, Gao J, Ding J, Wang H, Yang HB, Li F, Chen M, Xu Y, Xu D, Zhang YX, Fang S, Ao X, Wang J, Su C, Liu B. Selective Photoelectrochemical Oxidation of Glycerol to Glyceric Acid on (002) Facets Exposed WO 3 Nanosheets. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319685. [PMID: 38151975 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Glycerol is a byproduct of biodiesel production. Selective photoelectrochemical oxidation of glycerol to high value-added chemicals offers an economical and sustainable approach to transform renewable feedstock as well as store green energy at the same time. In this work, we synthesized monoclinic WO3 nanosheets with exposed (002) facets, which could selectively oxidize glycerol to glyceric acid (GLYA) with a photocurrent density of 1.7 mA cm-2 , a 73 % GLYA selectivity and a 39 % GLYA Faradaic efficiency at 0.9 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) under AM 1.5G illumination (100 mW cm-2 ). Compared to (200) facets exposed WO3 , a combination of experiments and theoretical calculations indicates that the superior performance of selective glycerol oxidation mainly originates from the better charge separation and prolonged carrier lifetime resulted from the plenty of surface trapping states, lower energy barrier of the glycerol-to-GLYA reaction pathway, more abundant active sites and stronger oxidative ability of photogenerated holes on the (002) facets exposed WO3 . Our findings show great potential to significantly contribute to the sustainable and environmentally friendly chemical processes via designing high performance photoelectrochemical cell via facet engineering for renewable feedstock transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghao Xiao
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Engineering Technology Research Center for 2D Materials Information Functional Devices and Systems of Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Mengran Wang
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Engineering Technology Research Center for 2D Materials Information Functional Devices and Systems of Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Dong Liu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Jiajian Gao
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Jie Ding
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Huan Wang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
- Centre for Advanced Analytical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Hong Bin Yang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Fuhua Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Mengxin Chen
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Yangsen Xu
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Engineering Technology Research Center for 2D Materials Information Functional Devices and Systems of Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Danyun Xu
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Engineering Technology Research Center for 2D Materials Information Functional Devices and Systems of Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Xiao Zhang
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Engineering Technology Research Center for 2D Materials Information Functional Devices and Systems of Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Shaofan Fang
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Engineering Technology Research Center for 2D Materials Information Functional Devices and Systems of Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Xin Ao
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Engineering Technology Research Center for 2D Materials Information Functional Devices and Systems of Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Chenliang Su
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Engineering Technology Research Center for 2D Materials Information Functional Devices and Systems of Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry & Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
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15
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Tang D, Wu L, Li L, Fu N, Chen C, Zhang Y, Zhao J. A controlled non-radical chlorine activation pathway on hematite photoanodes for efficient oxidative chlorination reactions. Chem Sci 2024; 15:3018-3027. [PMID: 38404385 PMCID: PMC10882502 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06337b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Photo(electro)catalytic chlorine oxidation has emerged as a useful method for chemical transformation and environmental remediation. However, the reaction selectivity usually remains low due to the high activity and non-selectivity characteristics of free chlorine radicals. In this study, we report a photoelectrochemical (PEC) strategy for achieving controlled non-radical chlorine activation on hematite (α-Fe2O3) photoanodes. High selectivity (up to 99%) and faradaic efficiency (up to 90%) are achieved for the chlorination of a wide range of aromatic compounds and alkenes by using NaCl as the chlorine source, which is distinct from conventional TiO2 photoanodes. A comprehensive PEC study verifies a non-radical "Cl+" formation pathway, which is facilitated by the accumulation of surface-trapped holes on α-Fe2O3 surfaces. The new understanding of the non-radical Cl- activation by semiconductor photoelectrochemistry is expected to provide guidance for conducting selective chlorine atom transfer reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daojian Tang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Lei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Liubo Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Niankai Fu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Chuncheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Yuchao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Jincai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
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16
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Xiao J, Jia X, Du B, Zhong Z, Li C, Sun J, Nie Z, Zhang X, Wang B. Balancing charge recombination and hole transfer rates in hematite photoanodes by modulating the Co 2+/Fe 3+ sites in the OER cocatalyst. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 654:915-924. [PMID: 37898075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.10.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
This work investigates the roles of Co and Fe sites in a composite cocatalyst on the performance of hematite photoanodes for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. The cobalt/iron-based composite (Co-Fe-O) cocatalyst, consisting of adjustable Co2+/Fe3+ratios, was synthesized using a one-step hydrothermal method. It reveals that Co2+ sites with a robust capacity for low-bias hole capture, which is insignificantly affected by partial substitution by Fe3+, decelerate the charge recombination process. However, it also leads to a slower charge transfer, with slower oxygen-evolution kinetics on Co sites than on Fe sites. Consequently, the modulation of the Co2+/Fe3+ ratio facilitates the redistribution of surface strap states, striking a delicate balance between charge recombination and charge transfer rates. This optimization led to the highest low-bias photocurrent density of 1.6 mA cm-2 at 1.0 V vs. RHE (a 2.4-fold increase) for the cocatalyst with a Co2+/Fe3+ ratio of 1:2 (CoFe2O4 nanoparticles). Additionally, the cocatalyst with a Co2+/Fe3+ ratio of 1:4 (mixture of CoFe2O4 and Fe2O3 nanoparticles, demonstrated an impressive high-bias photocurrent density of 3.8 mA cm-2 at 1.6 V vs. RHE (a 2.3-fold increase). This study emphasizes the promising potential of modulating active sites within a cocatalyst to achieve efficient PEC water splitting on a hematite-based photoanode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingran Xiao
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, PR China.
| | - Xin Jia
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, PR China
| | - Borui Du
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Blvd, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China
| | - Ziqi Zhong
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Blvd, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China
| | - Chunxiao Li
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, PR China
| | - Jialin Sun
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, PR China
| | - Zunyan Nie
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, PR China
| | - Xuekai Zhang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, PR China.
| | - Bo Wang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, PR China.
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17
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Hou S, Gao X, Lv X, Zhao Y, Yin X, Liu Y, Fang J, Yu X, Ma X, Ma T, Su D. Decade Milestone Advancement of Defect-Engineered g-C 3N 4 for Solar Catalytic Applications. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 16:70. [PMID: 38175329 PMCID: PMC10766942 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01297-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Over the past decade, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has emerged as a universal photocatalyst toward various sustainable carbo-neutral technologies. Despite solar applications discrepancy, g-C3N4 is still confronted with a general fatal issue of insufficient supply of thermodynamically active photocarriers due to its inferior solar harvesting ability and sluggish charge transfer dynamics. Fortunately, this could be significantly alleviated by the "all-in-one" defect engineering strategy, which enables a simultaneous amelioration of both textural uniqueness and intrinsic electronic band structures. To this end, we have summarized an unprecedently comprehensive discussion on defect controls including the vacancy/non-metallic dopant creation with optimized electronic band structure and electronic density, metallic doping with ultra-active coordinated environment (M-Nx, M-C2N2, M-O bonding), functional group grafting with optimized band structure, and promoted crystallinity with extended conjugation π system with weakened interlayered van der Waals interaction. Among them, the defect states induced by various defect types such as N vacancy, P/S/halogen dopants, and cyano group in boosting solar harvesting and accelerating photocarrier transfer have also been emphasized. More importantly, the shallow defect traps identified by femtosecond transient absorption spectra (fs-TAS) have also been highlighted. It is believed that this review would pave the way for future readers with a unique insight into a more precise defective g-C3N4 "customization", motivating more profound thinking and flourishing research outputs on g-C3N4-based photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqi Hou
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Xiaochun Gao
- Laboratory of Plasma and Energy Conversion, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Ludong University, 186 Middle Hongqi Road, Yantai, 264025, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xingyue Lv
- Laboratory of Plasma and Energy Conversion, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Ludong University, 186 Middle Hongqi Road, Yantai, 264025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yilin Zhao
- Laboratory of Plasma and Energy Conversion, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Ludong University, 186 Middle Hongqi Road, Yantai, 264025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xitao Yin
- Laboratory of Plasma and Energy Conversion, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Ludong University, 186 Middle Hongqi Road, Yantai, 264025, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- Laboratory of Plasma and Energy Conversion, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Ludong University, 186 Middle Hongqi Road, Yantai, 264025, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Fang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingxing Yu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hogo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xiaoguang Ma
- Laboratory of Plasma and Energy Conversion, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Ludong University, 186 Middle Hongqi Road, Yantai, 264025, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tianyi Ma
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.
| | - Dawei Su
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia.
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18
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Chen R, Meng L, Xu W, Li L. Cocatalysts-Photoanode Interface in Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting: Understanding and Insights. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2304807. [PMID: 37653598 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Sluggish oxygen evolution reactions on photoanode surfaces severely limit the application of photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. The loading of cocatalysts on photoanodes has been recognized as the simplest and most efficient optimization scheme, which can reduce the surface barrier, provide more active sites, and accelerate the surface catalytic reaction kinetics. Nevertheless, the introduction of cocatalysts inevitably generates interfaces between photoanodes and oxygen evolution cocatalysts (Ph/OEC), which causes severe interfacial recombination and hinders the carrier transfer. Recently, many researchers have focused on cocatalyst engineering, while few have investigated the effect of the Ph/OEC interface. Hence, to maximize the advantages of cocatalysts, interfacial problems for designing efficient cocatalysts are systematically introduced. In this review, the interrelationship between the Ph/OEC and PEC performance is classified and some methods for characterizing Ph/OEC interfaces are investigated. Additionally, common interfacial optimization strategies are summarized. This review details cocatalyst-design-based interfacial problems, provides ideas for designing efficient cocatalysts, and offers references for solving interfacial problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runyu Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films, Center for Energy Conversion Materials & Physics (CECMP), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Linxing Meng
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films, Center for Energy Conversion Materials & Physics (CECMP), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Xu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films, Center for Energy Conversion Materials & Physics (CECMP), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Liang Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films, Center for Energy Conversion Materials & Physics (CECMP), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
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19
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Matsumoto Y, Nagatsuka K, Yamaguchi Y, Kudo A. Understanding the reaction mechanism and kinetics of photocatalytic oxygen evolution on CoOx-loaded bismuth vanadate. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:214706. [PMID: 38047512 DOI: 10.1063/5.0177506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Photocatalytic water splitting for green hydrogen production is hindered by the sluggish kinetics of oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Loading a co-catalyst is essential for accelerating the kinetics, but the detailed reaction mechanism and role of the co-catalyst are still obscure. Here, we focus on cobalt oxide (CoOx) loaded on bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) to investigate the impact of CoOx on the OER mechanism. We employ photoelectrochemical impedance spectroscopy and simultaneous measurements of photoinduced absorption and photocurrent. The reduction of V5+ in BiVO4 promotes the formation of a surface state on CoOx that plays a crucial role in the OER. The third-order reaction rate with respect to photohole charge density indicates that reaction intermediate species accumulate in the surface state through a three-electron oxidation process prior to the rate-determining step. Increasing the excitation light intensity onto the CoOx-loaded anode improves the photoconversion efficiency significantly, suggesting that the OER reaction at dual sites in an amorphous CoOx(OH)y layer dominates over single sites. Therefore, CoOx is directly involved in the OER by providing effective reaction sites, stabilizing reaction intermediates, and improving the charge transfer rate. These insights help advance our understanding of co-catalyst-assisted OER to achieve efficient water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyasu Matsumoto
- Toyota Physical and Chemical Research Institute, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
| | - Kengo Nagatsuka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Yuichi Yamaguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
- Carbon Value Research Center, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kudo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
- Carbon Value Research Center, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
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20
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Lin C, Shan Z, Dong C, Lu Y, Meng W, Zhang G, Cai B, Su G, Park JH, Zhang K. Covalent organic frameworks bearing Ni active sites for free radical-mediated photoelectrochemical organic transformations. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi9442. [PMID: 37939175 PMCID: PMC10631720 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi9442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) organic transformations occurring at anodes are a promising strategy for circumventing the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction. Here, we report a free radical-mediated reaction instead of direct hole transfer occurring at the solid/liquid interface for PEC oxidation of benzyl alcohol (BA) to benzaldehyde (BAD) with high selectivity. A bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) photoanode coated with a 2,2'-bipyridine-based covalent organic framework bearing single Ni sites (Ni-TpBpy) was developed to drive the transformation. Experimental studies reveal that the reaction at the Ni-TpBpy/BiVO4 photoanode followed first-order reaction kinetics, boosting the formation of surface-bound ·OH radicals, which suppressed further BAD oxidation and provided a nearly 100% selectivity and a rate of 80.63 μmol hour-1 for the BA-to-BAD conversion. Because alcohol-to-aldehyde conversions are involved in the valorizations of biomass and plastics, this work is expected to open distinct avenues for producing key intermediates of great value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Lin
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhen Shan
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Chaoran Dong
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Yuan Lu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Weikun Meng
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Gen Zhang
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Bo Cai
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Guanyong Su
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Jong Hyeok Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Kan Zhang
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
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21
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Nomellini C, Polo A, Mesa CA, Pastor E, Marra G, Grigioni I, Dozzi MV, Giménez S, Selli E. Improved Photoelectrochemical Performance of WO 3/BiVO 4 Heterojunction Photoanodes via WO 3 Nanostructuring. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15. [PMID: 37921705 PMCID: PMC10658457 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
WO3/BiVO4 heterojunction photoanodes can be efficiently employed in photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells for the conversion of water into molecular oxygen, the kinetic bottleneck of water splitting. Composite WO3/BiVO4 photoelectrodes possessing a nanoflake-like morphology have been synthesized through a multistep process and their PEC performance was investigated in comparison to that of WO3/BiVO4 photoelectrodes displaying a planar surface morphology and similar absorption properties and thickness. PEC tests, also in the presence of a sacrificial hole scavenger, electrochemical impedance analysis under simulated solar irradiation, and incident photon to current efficiency measurements highlighted that charge transport and charge recombination issues affecting the performance of the planar composite can be successfully overcome by nanostructuring the WO3 underlayer in nanoflake-like WO3/BiVO4 heterojunction electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Nomellini
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi
di Milano, Via C. Golgi 19, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Annalisa Polo
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi
di Milano, Via C. Golgi 19, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Camilo A. Mesa
- Institute
of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat
Jaume I, Avenida de Vicent Sos Baynat, S/N, 12006 Castelló, Spain
| | - Ernest Pastor
- Institute
of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat
Jaume I, Avenida de Vicent Sos Baynat, S/N, 12006 Castelló, Spain
- IPR−Institut
de Physique de Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6251 Université de Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Gianluigi Marra
- Eni
S.p.A Novara Laboratories (NOLAB) Renewable, New Energies and Material
Science Research Center (DE-R&D) Via G. Fauser 4, I-28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Ivan Grigioni
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi
di Milano, Via C. Golgi 19, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Dozzi
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi
di Milano, Via C. Golgi 19, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Sixto Giménez
- Institute
of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat
Jaume I, Avenida de Vicent Sos Baynat, S/N, 12006 Castelló, Spain
| | - Elena Selli
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi
di Milano, Via C. Golgi 19, I-20133 Milano, Italy
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22
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Zhang S, Leng W. Quantitative Determination the Role of the Intrabandgap States in Water Photooxidation over Hematite Electrodes. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:9316-9323. [PMID: 37818854 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The intrabandgap states on the hematite (α-Fe2O3) electrodes are believed to play an important role in water photooxidation. Yet, it is not fully understood how the intrabandgap states are involved in the reaction. In this work, the intraband-gap states in water photooxidation on α-Fe2O3 electrodes are investigated by a combination of multiple (photo-) electrochemical techniques and operando spectroscopic methods. Two kinds of surface states are observed on the electrodes during water photooxidation, and their roles are quantitatively determined by the correlation with the steady-state photocurrent. It is demonstrated that the intrinsic electronic surface state close to the conduction band can act only as the recombination center for the photocarriers. However, the photogenerated surface state closer to the valence band is revealed to be the reactant in the rate-determining step in oxygen evolution reaction. These findings may be beneficial to elucidate the actual function of the surface states and provide insights into the kinetic and mechanism studies of water photooxidation on the α-Fe2O3 electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufeng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Wenhua Leng
- Department of Chemistry, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
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23
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Nomellini C, Polo A, Grigioni I, Marra G, Dozzi MV, Selli E. Ni(II)-doped CuWO 4 photoanodes with enhanced photoelectrocatalytic activity. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2023:10.1007/s43630-023-00484-4. [PMID: 37831332 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00484-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
CuWO4 has emerged in the last years as a ternary metal oxide material for photoanodes application in photoelectrochemical cells, thanks to its relatively narrow band gap, high stability and selectivity toward the oxygen evolution reaction, though largely limited by its poor charge separation efficiency. Aiming at overcoming this limitation, we investigate here the effects that Cu(II) ion substitution has on the photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) performance of copper tungstate. Optically transparent CuWO4 thin-film photoanodes, prepared via spin coating and containing different amounts of Ni(II) ions, were fully characterized via UV-Vis spectroscopy, XRD and SEM analyses, and their PEC performance was tested via linear sweep voltammetry, incident photon to current efficiency and internal quantum efficiency analyses. From tests performed in the presence of a hole scavenger-containing electrolyte, the charge injection and separation efficiencies of the electrodes were also calculated. Pure-phase crystalline and/or heterojunction materials were obtained with higher PEC performance compared to pure CuWO4, mainly due to a significantly enhanced charge separation efficiency in the bulk of the material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Nomellini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Annalisa Polo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Ivan Grigioni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Marra
- ENI S.p.A. Novara Laboratories (NOLAB), Renewable New Energies and Material Science Research Center (DE-R&D), Via G. Fauser 4, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Dozzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Selli
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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24
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Plaça LF, Vital PLS, Gomes LE, Roveda AC, Cardoso DR, Martins CA, Wender H. Black TiO 2 Photoanodes for Direct Methanol Photo Fuel Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:43259-43271. [PMID: 35856741 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c04802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic fuel cells (PFCs) are considered the next generation of energy converter devices, since they can harvest solar energy through relatively low-cost semiconductor material to convert the chemical energy of renewable fuels and oxidants directly into electricity. Here, we report black TiO2 nanoparticle (NP) photoanodes for simple single-compartment PFCs and microfluidic photo fuel cells (μPFCs) fed by methanol. We show that Ti3+ and oxygen vacancy (OV) defects at the TiO2 NPs are easily controlled by annealing in a NaBH4-containing atmosphere. This optimized noble-metal-free black TiO2 photoanode shows superior PFC performance for methanol oxidation and O2 reduction with a maximum power density (Pmax) ∼2000% higher compared to the undoped TiO2. At flow conditions, the black TiO2 photoanode showed a Pmax ∼90 times higher than the μFC equipped with regular TiO2 in the dark. The PFC and μPFC operate spontaneously with little activation polarization, and black TiO2 photoanodes are stable under light irradiation. The improved photoactivity of the black TiO2 photoanode is a consequence of the self-doping with Ti3+/OV defects, which significantly red-shifted the bandgap energy, induced intragap electronic states, and widened both the valence band and conduction band, enhancing the overall absorption of visible light and decreasing the interfacial charge transfer resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Felipe Plaça
- Nano&Photon Research Group, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, 79070-900 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Pedro-Lucas S Vital
- Electrochemistry Research Group, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, 79070-900 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Luiz Eduardo Gomes
- Nano&Photon Research Group, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, 79070-900 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
- Centro de Tecnologias Estratégicas do Nordeste, Av. Prof. Luiz Freire 01, Recife, Pernambuco 50740-540, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Roveda
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP 13566-590, Brazil
| | | | - Cauê Alves Martins
- Electrochemistry Research Group, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, 79070-900 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Heberton Wender
- Nano&Photon Research Group, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, 79070-900 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
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25
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Qu S, Wu H, Ng YH. Thin Zinc Oxide Layer Passivating Bismuth Vanadate for Selective Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation to Hydrogen Peroxide. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2300347. [PMID: 37026677 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Selective photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation to hydrogen peroxide is an underexplored option as opposed to the mainstream oxygen reduction reaction. Albeit interesting, selective H2 O2 production via oxidative pathway is plagued by the noncontrollable two-electron transfer reaction and the overoxidation of the thus-formed H2 O2 to O2 . Here, ZnO passivator-coated BiVO4 photoanode is reported for selective PEC H2 O2 production. Both the H2 O2 selectivity and production rate increase in the range of 1.0-2.0 V versus RHE under simulated sunlight irradiation. The photoelectrochemical impedance spectra and open-circuit potentials suggest a flattened band bending and positively shifted quasi-Fermi level of BiVO4 upon ZnO coating, facilitating H2 O2 generation and suppressing the competitive reaction of O2 evolution. The ZnO overlayer also inhibits H2 O2 decomposition, accelerates charge extraction from BiVO4 , and serves as a hole reservoir under photoexcitation. This work offers insights into surface states and the role of the coating layer in manipulating two/four-electron transfer for selective H2 O2 synthesis from PEC water oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songying Qu
- Low-Carbon and Climate Impact Research Centre, School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong S.A.R
| | - Hao Wu
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering (MIMSE), Faculty of Innovation Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, 999078, Macau SAR
| | - Yun Hau Ng
- Low-Carbon and Climate Impact Research Centre, School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong S.A.R
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen Hi-Tech Industrial Park, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518000, China
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26
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Ouyang J, Lu QC, Shen S, Yin SF. Surface Oxygen Species in Metal Oxide Photoanodes for Solar Energy Conversion. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1919. [PMID: 37446435 DOI: 10.3390/nano13131919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Converting and storing solar energy directly as chemical energy through photoelectrochemical devices are promising strategies to replace fossil fuels. Metal oxides are commonly used as photoanode materials, but they still encounter challenges such as limited light absorption, inefficient charge separation, sluggish surface reactions, and insufficient stability. The regulation of surface oxygen species on metal oxide photoanodes has emerged as a critical strategy to modulate molecular and charge dynamics at the reaction interface. However, the precise role of surface oxygen species in metal oxide photoanodes remains ambiguous. The review focuses on elucidating the formation and regulation mechanisms of various surface oxygen species in metal oxides, their advantages and disadvantages in photoelectrochemical reactions, and the characterization methods employed to investigate them. Additionally, the article discusses emerging opportunities and potential hurdles in the regulation of surface oxygen species. By shedding light on the significance of surface oxygen species, this review aims to advance our understanding of their impact on metal oxide photoanodes, paving the way for the design of more efficient and stable photoelectrochemical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Qi-Chao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Sheng Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Shuang-Feng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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27
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Manikandan V, Anushkkaran P, Hwang IS, Song MS, Kumar M, Chae WS, Lee HH, Ryu J, Mahadik MA, Jang JS. Influence of CoO x surface passivation and Sn/Zr-co-doping on the photocatalytic activity of Fe 2O 3 nanorod photocatalysts for bacterial inactivation and photo-Fenton degradation. CHEMOSPHERE 2023:139255. [PMID: 37356589 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal and wet impregnation methods are presented in this study for synthesizing CoOx(1 wt%)/Sn-Zr codoped-Fe2O3 nanorod photocatalysts for the degradation of organic pollutants and deactivation of bacteria. A hydrothermal route was used to synthesize self-assembled rod-like hierarchical structures of Sn(0-6%) doped Zr-Fe2O3 NRs. Additionally, a wet impregnation method was used to load CoOx onto the surface of photocatalysts (Sn(0-6%)-doped Zr-Fe2O3 NRs). A series of 1 wt% CoOx modified Sn(0-6%)-doped Zr-Fe2O3 NRs were synthesized, characterized, and utilized for the photocatalytic decomposition of organic contaminants, along with the killing of E. coli and S. aureus. In comparison with 0, 2, and 6% Sn co-doped Zr-Fe2O3 NRs, the CoOx(1 wt%)/4%Sn/Zr-Fe2O3 NRs photocatalyst exhibited an E. coli and S. aureus inactivation efficiencies (90 and 98%). A bio-TEM study of treated and untreated bacterial cells revealed that the CoOx(1 wt%)/4%Sn/Zr-Fe2O3 NRs photocatalyst led to considerable changes in the bacterial cell membranes' morphology. The optimal CoOx(1 wt%)/Sn(4%) co-doped Zr-Fe2O3 NRs photocatalyst achieved degradation efficiencies of 98.5% and 94.6% for BPA and orange II dye. As a result, this work will provide a facile and effective method for developing visible light-active photocatalysts for bacterial inactivation and organic pollutants degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velu Manikandan
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Periyasamy Anushkkaran
- Department of Integrative Environmental Biotechnology, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - In Seon Hwang
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Seok Song
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Manish Kumar
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory (PAL), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Weon-Sik Chae
- Daegu Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Hwi Lee
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory (PAL), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungho Ryu
- Mineral Resources Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Gwahak-ro 124, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34132, South Korea.
| | - Mahadeo A Mahadik
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jum Suk Jang
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea; Department of Integrative Environmental Biotechnology, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea.
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28
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Zhang H, Liu T, Dulock N, Williams BP, Wang Y, Chen B, Wikar H, Wang DZ, Brudvig GW, Wang D, Waegele MM. Atomically dispersed Ir catalysts exhibit support-dependent water oxidation kinetics during photocatalysis. Chem Sci 2023; 14:6601-6607. [PMID: 37350819 PMCID: PMC10283500 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00603d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneous water oxidation catalysis is central to the development of renewable energy technologies. Recent research has suggested that the reaction mechanisms are sensitive to the hole density at the active sites. However, these previous results were obtained on catalysts of different materials featuring distinct active sites, making it difficult to discriminate between competing explanations. Here, a comparison study based on heterogenized dinuclear Ir catalysts (Ir-DHC), which feature the same type of active site on different supports, is reported. The prototypical reaction was water oxidation triggered by pulsed irradiation of suspensions containing a light sensitizer, Ru(bpy)32+, and a sacrificial electron scavenger, S2O82-. It was found that at relatively low temperatures (288-298 K), the water oxidation activities of Ir-DHC on indium tin oxide (ITO) and CeO2 supports were comparable within the studied range of fluences (62-151 mW cm-2). By contrast, at higher temperatures (310-323 K), Ir-DHC on ITO exhibited a ca. 100% higher water oxidation activity than on CeO2. The divergent activities were attributed to the distinct abilities of the supporting substrates in redistributing holes. The differences were only apparent at relatively high temperatures when hole redistribution to the active site became a limiting factor. These findings highlight the critical role of the supporting substrate in determining the turnover at active sites of heterogeneous catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongna Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Merkert Chemistry Center Chestnut Hill Massachusetts 02467 USA
| | - Tianying Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Merkert Chemistry Center Chestnut Hill Massachusetts 02467 USA
| | - Nicholas Dulock
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Merkert Chemistry Center Chestnut Hill Massachusetts 02467 USA
| | - Benjamin P Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Merkert Chemistry Center Chestnut Hill Massachusetts 02467 USA
| | - Yuanxing Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Merkert Chemistry Center Chestnut Hill Massachusetts 02467 USA
| | - Boqiang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Merkert Chemistry Center Chestnut Hill Massachusetts 02467 USA
| | - Haden Wikar
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Merkert Chemistry Center Chestnut Hill Massachusetts 02467 USA
| | - David Z Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Merkert Chemistry Center Chestnut Hill Massachusetts 02467 USA
| | - Gary W Brudvig
- Department of Chemistry and Yale Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520-8107 USA
| | - Dunwei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Merkert Chemistry Center Chestnut Hill Massachusetts 02467 USA
| | - Matthias M Waegele
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Merkert Chemistry Center Chestnut Hill Massachusetts 02467 USA
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29
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Yuan Y, Liu Y, Xie X, Wen Y, Song M, He J, Wang Z. 2D defect-engineered Ag-doped γ-Fe 2O 3/BiVO 4: The effect of noble metal doping and oxygen vacancies on exciton-triggering photocatalysis production of singlet oxygen. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 322:138176. [PMID: 36806812 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The selectivity of singlet oxygen (1O2) holds promising applications in complex environmental systems due to its ability to preferentially oxidize target pollutants. Usually, 1O2 in photocatalytic systems is generated via the electron transfer pathway and •O2- plays an important role as an intermediate, while the exciton-based energy transfer pathway for 1O2 generation has been less studied. Here, a 2D Ag-γ-Fe2O3/BiVO4 with oxygen vacancies was designed which was capable of generating 1O2 by an exciton-based energy transfer-dominated approach, as strongly demonstrated by the results of steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy and phosphorescence spectroscopy. In the Z-type heterojunction photocatalyst system, Ag acted as an electron mediator to promote not only the generation of free carriers but also the generation of singlet excitons, while the appropriate concentration of oxygen vacancies further promotes the exciton-triggering photocatalysis production of 1O2. The Ag-γ-Fe2O3/BiVO4 could degrade 99.4% of sulfadiazine within 90 min, and 1O2 played an important role in the degradation of sulfadiazine, as shown by EPR and active species capture experiments. Ecotoxicity predictions indicated that the main byproducts of sulfadiazine degradation by Ag-γ-Fe2O3/BiVO4 were low in toxicity. The prepared photocatalysts provide a new idea for obtaining 1O2 and designing photocatalysts with selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yuan
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, Gansu Province, China
| | - Yijie Liu
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, Gansu Province, China
| | - Xiaoyun Xie
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, Gansu Province, China.
| | - Yuan Wen
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, Gansu Province, China
| | - Mengxi Song
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, Gansu Province, China
| | - Jiancheng He
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, Gansu Province, China
| | - Zhaowei Wang
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, Gansu Province, China
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30
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Tayebi M, Masoumi Z, Tayyebi A, Kim JH, Lee H, Seo B, Lim CS, Kim HG. Photoelectrochemical Epoxidation of Cyclohexene on an α-Fe 2O 3 Photoanode Using Water as the Oxygen Source. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:20053-20063. [PMID: 37040426 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
This study developed a safe and sustainable route for the epoxidation of cyclohexene using water as the source of oxygen at room temperature and ambient pressure. Here, we optimized the cyclohexene concentration, volume of solvent/water (CH3CN, H2O), time, and potential on the photoelectrochemical (PEC) cyclohexene oxidation reaction of the α-Fe2O3 photoanode. The α-Fe2O3 photoanode epoxidized cyclohexene to cyclohexene oxide with a 72.4 ± 3.6% yield and a 35.2 ± 1.6% Faradaic efficiency of 0.37 V vs Fc/Fc+ (0.8 VAg/AgCl) under 100 mW cm-2. Furthermore, the irradiation of light (PEC) decreased the applied voltage of the electrochemical cell oxidation process by 0.47 V. This work supplies an energy-saving and environment-benign approach for producing value-added chemicals coupled with solar fuel generation. Epoxidation with green solvents via PEC methods has a high potential for different oxidation reactions of value-added and fine chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Tayebi
- Center for Advanced Specialty Chemicals, Division of Specialty and Bio-Based Chemicals Technology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 45 Jonggaro, Ulsan 44412, Republic of Korea
| | - Zohreh Masoumi
- Department of Civil and Environment Engineering, University of Ulsan, Daehakro 93, Namgu, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahmad Tayyebi
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hwan Kim
- Center for Advanced Specialty Chemicals, Division of Specialty and Bio-Based Chemicals Technology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 45 Jonggaro, Ulsan 44412, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungwoo Lee
- Center for Advanced Specialty Chemicals, Division of Specialty and Bio-Based Chemicals Technology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 45 Jonggaro, Ulsan 44412, Republic of Korea
| | - Bongkuk Seo
- Center for Advanced Specialty Chemicals, Division of Specialty and Bio-Based Chemicals Technology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 45 Jonggaro, Ulsan 44412, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong-Sun Lim
- Center for Advanced Specialty Chemicals, Division of Specialty and Bio-Based Chemicals Technology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 45 Jonggaro, Ulsan 44412, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Gook Kim
- Center for Advanced Specialty Chemicals, Division of Specialty and Bio-Based Chemicals Technology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 45 Jonggaro, Ulsan 44412, Republic of Korea
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31
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Li C, Chen M, Xie Y, Wang H, Jia L. Boosting photoelectrochemical water splitting of bismuth vanadate photoanode via novel co-catalysts of amorphous manganese oxide with variable valence states. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 636:103-112. [PMID: 36623364 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Bismuth vanadate (BVO) is a promising photoanode while suffers from sluggish oxygen evolution kinetics. Herein, an ultra-thin manganese oxide (MnOx) is selected as co-catalyst to modify the surface of BVO photoanode by a facile spray pyrolysis method. The photoelectrochemical measurements demonstrate that surface charge transport efficiency (ηsurface) of MnOx modified BVO photoanode (BVO/MnOx) is strikingly increased from 6.7 % to 22.3 % at 1.23 VRHE (reversible hydrogen electrode (VRHE)). Moreover, the ηsurface can be further boosted to 51.3 % at 1.23 VRHE after applying Ar plasma on the BVO/MnOx sample, which is around 7 times higher comparing with that of pristine BVO samples. Additional characterizations reveal that the remarkable PEC performance of the Ar-plasma treated BVO/MnOx photoanode (BVO/MnOx/Ar plasma) could be attributed to the increased charge carrier density, extended carrier lifetime and additional exposed Mn3+ active sites on the BVO surface. This investigation could provide a new understanding for the design of BVO photoanode with superior PEC performance based on the modification of MnOx and plasma surface treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang'an Street, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119,China
| | - Meihong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang'an Street, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119,China
| | - Yuhan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang'an Street, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119,China
| | - Hongqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Labortary of Graphene, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Lichao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang'an Street, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119,China.
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32
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Jenewein KJ, Wang Y, Liu T, McDonald T, Zlatar M, Kulyk N, Benavente Llorente V, Kormányos A, Wang D, Cherevko S. Electrolyte Engineering Stabilizes Photoanodes Decorated with Molecular Catalysts. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202202319. [PMID: 36602840 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202202319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Molecular catalysts are promising oxygen evolution promoters in conjunction with photoanodes for solar water splitting. Maintaining the stability of both photoabsorber and cocatalyst is still a prime challenge, with many efforts tackling this issue through sophisticated material designs. Such approaches often mask the importance of the electrode-electrolyte interface and overlook easily tunable system parameters, such as the electrolyte environment, to improve efficiency. We provide a systematic study on the activity-stability relationship of a prominent Fe2 O3 photoanode modified with Ir molecular catalysts using in situ mass spectroscopy. After gaining detailed insights into the dissolution behavior of the Ir cocatalyst, a comprehensive pH study is conducted to probe the impact of the electrolyte on the performance. An inverse trend in Fe and Ir stability is found, with the best activity-stability synergy obtained at pH 9.7. The results bring awareness to the overall photostability and electrolyte engineering when advancing catalysts for solar water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken J Jenewein
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy IEK-11, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Cauerstrasse 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yuanxing Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, 2609 Beacon St., Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
| | - Tianying Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, 2609 Beacon St., Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
| | - Tara McDonald
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, 2609 Beacon St., Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
| | - Matej Zlatar
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy IEK-11, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Cauerstrasse 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nadiia Kulyk
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy IEK-11, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Cauerstrasse 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Victoria Benavente Llorente
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy IEK-11, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Cauerstrasse 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Attila Kormányos
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy IEK-11, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Cauerstrasse 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Aradi Square 1, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - Dunwei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, 2609 Beacon St., Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
| | - Serhiy Cherevko
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy IEK-11, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Cauerstrasse 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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Lin C, Dong C, Kim S, Lu Y, Wang Y, Yu Z, Gu Y, Gu Z, Lee DK, Zhang K, Park JH. Photo-Electrochemical Glycerol Conversion over a Mie Scattering Effect Enhanced Porous BiVO 4 Photoanode. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2209955. [PMID: 36692193 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The photo-electrochemical (PEC) oxidation of glycerol (GLY) to high-value-added dihydroxyacetone (DHA) can be achieved over a BiVO4 photoanode, while the PEC performance of most BiVO4 photoanodes is impeded due to the upper limits of the photocurrent density. Here, an enhanced Mie scattering effect of the well-documented porous BiVO4 photoanode is obtained with less effort by a simple annealing process, which significantly reduces the reflectivity to near zero. The great light absorbability increases the basic photocurrent density by 1.77 times. The selective oxidation of GLY over the BiVO4 photoanode results in a photocurrent density of 6.04 mA cm-2 and a DHA production rate of 325.2 mmol m-2 h-1 that exceeds all reported values. This work addresses the poor ability of nanostructured BiVO4 to harvest light, paving the way for further improvements in charge transport and transfer to realize highly efficient PEC conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Chaoran Dong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Sungsoon Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuan Lu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Yulan Wang
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fuzhou University, Fujian, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyang Yu
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fuzhou University, Fujian, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Yu Gu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Gu
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, P. R. China
| | - Dong Ki Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-749, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei-KIST Convergence Research Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Clean Energy Research Center (KIST) and Division of Energy and Environment Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Energy and Environment, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kan Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Jong Hyeok Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-749, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei-KIST Convergence Research Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
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34
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Wan H, Hu L, Liu X, Zhang Y, Chen G, Zhang N, Ma R. Advanced hematite nanomaterials for newly emerging applications. Chem Sci 2023; 14:2776-2798. [PMID: 36937591 PMCID: PMC10016337 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00180f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Because of the combined merits of rich physicochemical properties, abundance, low toxicity, etc., hematite (α-Fe2O3), one of the most chemically stable compounds based on the transition metal element iron, is endowed with multifunctionalities and has steadily been a research hotspot for decades. Very recently, advanced α-Fe2O3 materials have also been developed for applications in some cutting-edge fields. To reflect this trend, the latest progress in developing α-Fe2O3 materials for newly emerging applications is reviewed with a particular focus on the relationship between composition/nanostructure-induced electronic structure modulation and practical performance. Moreover, perspectives on the critical challenges as well as opportunities for future development of diverse functionalities are also discussed. We believe that this timely review will not only stimulate further increasing interest in α-Fe2O3 materials but also provide a profound understanding and insight into the rational design of other materials based on transition metal elements for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wan
- Zhongyuan Critical Metals Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 PR China
| | - Linfeng Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University Nanjing 211189 P. R. China
| | - Xiaohe Liu
- Zhongyuan Critical Metals Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 PR China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University Changsha 410083 PR China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Zhongyuan Critical Metals Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 PR China
| | - Gen Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University Changsha 410083 PR China
| | - Ning Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University Changsha 410083 PR China
| | - Renzhi Ma
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0044 Japan
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35
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Design of Ti-Pt Co-doped α-Fe 2O 3 photoanodes for enhanced performance of photoelectrochemical water splitting. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 641:91-104. [PMID: 36924549 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrates Ti and Pt co-doping can synergistically improve the PEC performance of the α-Fe2O3 photoanode. By varying the doping methods, the sample with in-situ Ti ex-situ Pt doping (Tii-Pte) exhibits the best performance. It demonstrates that Ti doping in bulk facilities charge separation and Pt doping on the surface further accelerates charge transfer. In contrast, Ti doping on the surface inhibits charge separation, and Pt doping in bulk hinders charge separation and transfer. HCl treatment is used to minimize the onset potential further, while it is favorable for the ex-situ doped α-Fe2O3, which is more efficient on Tie than the Pte-doped ones. On the ex-situ Ti-doped α-Fe2O3 after HCl treatment, anatase TiO2 is probed, suggesting that Ti-O bonds accumulate when Fe-O bonds are partly removed, which enhances the charge transfer in surface states. Unfortunately, HCl treatment also induces lattice defects that are adverse to charge transport, inhibiting the performance of in-situ doped α-Fe2O3 and excessively treated ex-situ doped ones. Coupled with methanol solvothermal treatment and NiOOH/FeOOH cocatalysts loading, the optimized Ti-Pt/Fe2O3 photoanode exhibits an impressive photocurrent density of 2.81 mA cm-2 at 1.23 V vs. RHE and a low onset potential of 0.60 V vs. RHE.
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36
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Dong B, Zhang X, Jiang X, Wang F. Size-Independent Reconfigurable Logic Gate with Bismuth Oxide Based Photoelectrochemical Device. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:4969-4974. [PMID: 36847744 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
XOR gate, an important building block in computational circuits, is often constructed by combining other basic logic gates, and the hybridity inevitably leads to its complexity. A photoelectrochemical device could realize XOR function based on the current change of the photoelectrode; however, such signal is highly sensitive to photoelectrode size and therefore requires precise manufacturing at a high cost. Herein we developed a novel XOR gate based on the light-induced open-circuit potential (OCP) of the Bi2O3 photoelectrode. Surprisingly, the OCP of Bi2O3 does not increase with light intensity according to the traditional logarithmic relationship. Instead, an unusual decrease in OCP is observed at high light intensity, which is attributed to the dramatic light-induced increase in surface states that can be easily regulated by varying the oxygen partial pressure during reactive magnetron sputtering. Based on such a nonmonotonic variation of OCP, a facile Bi2O3-based gate is designed to realize the XOR function. Unlike the commonly used current signal, OCP is size independent, and therefore, the Bi2O3-based gate does not require high manufacturing accuracy. Moreover, in addition to XOR, the Bi2O3-based PEC gate also demonstrates great versatility in realizing other logic functions including AND, OR, NOT, NIH, NAND, and NOR. The strategy of modulating and applying nonmonotonic OCP signal opens a new avenue for designing size-independent reconfigurable logic gates at low manufacturing cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boheng Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Measurement and Emergency Test Technology, Institute of Analysis, Guangdong Academy of Sciences (China National Analytical Center, Guangzhou), Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Xinya Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Xiang Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Fuxian Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Measurement and Emergency Test Technology, Institute of Analysis, Guangdong Academy of Sciences (China National Analytical Center, Guangzhou), Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China
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37
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Chen R, Zhang D, Wang Z, Li D, Zhang L, Wang X, Fan F, Li C. Linking the Photoinduced Surface Potential Difference to Interfacial Charge Transfer in Photoelectrocatalytic Water Oxidation. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:4667-4674. [PMID: 36795953 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Charge transfer at the semiconductor/solution interface is fundamental to photoelectrocatalytic water splitting. Although insights into charge transfer in the electrocatalytic process can be gained from the phenomenological Butler-Volmer theory, there is limited understanding of interfacial charge transfer in the photoelectrocatalytic process, which involves intricate effects of light, bias, and catalysis. Here, using operando surface potential measurements, we decouple the charge transfer and surface reaction processes and find that the surface reaction enhances the photovoltage via a reaction-related photoinduced charge transfer regime as demonstrated on a SrTiO3 photoanode. We show that the reaction-related charge transfer induces a change in the surface potential that is linearly correlated to the interfacial charge transfer rate of water oxidation. The linear behavior is independent of the applied bias and light intensity and reveals a general rule for interfacial transfer of photogenerated minority carriers. We anticipate the linear rule to be a phenomenological theory for describing interfacial charge transfer in photoelectrocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruotian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Deyun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ziyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, iChEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Dongfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lingcong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Xiuli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Fengtao Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Can Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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38
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Einert M, Waheed A, Moritz DC, Lauterbach S, Kundmann A, Daemi S, Schlaad H, Osterloh FE, Hofmann JP. Mesoporous CuFe 2 O 4 Photoanodes for Solar Water Oxidation: Impact of Surface Morphology on the Photoelectrochemical Properties. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300277. [PMID: 36823437 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Metal oxide-based photoelectrodes for solar water splitting often utilize nanostructures to increase the solid-liquid interface area. This reduces charge transport distances and increases the photocurrent for materials with short minority charge carrier diffusion lengths. While the merits of nanostructuring are well established, the effect of surface order on the photocurrent and carrier recombination has not yet received much attention in the literature. To evaluate the impact of pore ordering on the photoelectrochemical properties, mesoporous CuFe2 O4 (CFO) thin film photoanodes were prepared by dip-coating and soft-templating. Here, the pore order and geometry can be controlled by addition of copolymer surfactants poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(propylene oxide)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (Pluronic® F-127), polyisobutylene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (PIB-PEO) and poly(ethylene-co-butylene)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (Kraton liquid™-PEO, KLE). The non-ordered CFO showed the highest photocurrent density of 0.2 mA/cm2 at 1.3 V vs. RHE for sulfite oxidation, but the least photocurrent density for water oxidation. Conversely, the ordered CFO presented the best photoelectrochemical water oxidation performance. These differences can be understood on the basis of the high surface area, which promotes hole transfer to sulfite (a fast hole acceptor), but retards oxidation of water (a slow hole acceptor) due to electron-hole recombination at the defective surface. This interpretation is confirmed by intensity-modulated photocurrent (IMPS) and vibrating Kelvin probe surface photovoltage spectroscopy (VKP-SPS). The lowest surface recombination rate was observed for the ordered KLE-based mesoporous CFO, which retains spherical pore shapes at the surface resulting in fewer surface defects. Overall, this work shows that the photoelectrochemical energy conversion efficiency of copper ferrite thin films is not just controlled by the surface area, but also by surface order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Einert
- Department of Materials and Earth Sciences, Surface Science Laboratory, Technical University of Darmstadt, Otto-Bernd-Strasse 3, 63287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Arslan Waheed
- Department of Materials and Earth Sciences, Surface Science Laboratory, Technical University of Darmstadt, Otto-Bernd-Strasse 3, 63287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Dominik C Moritz
- Department of Materials and Earth Sciences, Surface Science Laboratory, Technical University of Darmstadt, Otto-Bernd-Strasse 3, 63287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Stefan Lauterbach
- Institute for Applied Geosciences, Geomaterial Science, Technical University of Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 9, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Anna Kundmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Sahar Daemi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Helmut Schlaad
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Frank E Osterloh
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Jan P Hofmann
- Department of Materials and Earth Sciences, Surface Science Laboratory, Technical University of Darmstadt, Otto-Bernd-Strasse 3, 63287, Darmstadt, Germany
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Ahnood A, Chambers A, Gelmi A, Yong KT, Kavehei O. Semiconducting electrodes for neural interfacing: a review. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:1491-1518. [PMID: 36734845 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00830k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In the past 50 years, the advent of electronic technology to directly interface with neural tissue has transformed the fields of medicine and biology. Devices that restore or even replace impaired bodily functions, such as deep brain stimulators and cochlear implants, have ushered in a new treatment era for previously intractable conditions. Meanwhile, electrodes for recording and stimulating neural activity have allowed researchers to unravel the vast complexities of the human nervous system. Recent advances in semiconducting materials have allowed effective interfaces between electrodes and neuronal tissue through novel devices and structures. Often these are unattainable using conventional metallic electrodes. These have translated into advances in research and treatment. The development of semiconducting materials opens new avenues in neural interfacing. This review considers this emerging class of electrodes and how it can facilitate electrical, optical, and chemical sensing and modulation with high spatial and temporal precision. Semiconducting electrodes have advanced electrically based neural interfacing technologies owing to their unique electrochemical and photo-electrochemical attributes. Key operation modalities, namely sensing and stimulation in electrical, biochemical, and optical domains, are discussed, highlighting their contrast to metallic electrodes from the application and characterization perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arman Ahnood
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Andre Chambers
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Amy Gelmi
- School of Science, RMIT University, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Ken-Tye Yong
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,The University of Sydney Nano Institute, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Omid Kavehei
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,The University of Sydney Nano Institute, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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40
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Wang J, Ni G, Liao W, Liu K, Chen J, Liu F, Zhang Z, Jia M, Li J, Fu J, Pensa E, Jiang L, Bian Z, Cortés E, Liu M. Subsurface Engineering Induced Fermi Level De-pinning in Metal Oxide Semiconductors for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217026. [PMID: 36577697 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is a promising approach for renewable solar light conversion. However, surface Fermi level pinning (FLP), caused by surface trap states, severely restricts the PEC activities. Theoretical calculations indicate subsurface oxygen vacancy (sub-Ov ) could release the FLP and retain the active structure. A series of metal oxide semiconductors with sub-Ov were prepared through precisely regulated spin-coating and calcination. Etching X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), and electron energy loss spectra (EELS) demonstrated Ov located at sub ∼2-5 nm region. Mott-Schottky and open circuit photovoltage results confirmed the surface trap states elimination and Fermi level de-pinning. Thus, superior PEC performances of 5.1, 3.4, and 2.1 mA cm-2 at 1.23 V vs. RHE were achieved on BiVO4 , Bi2 O3 , TiO2 with outstanding stability for 72 h, outperforming most reported works under the identical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, P.R. China.,Hunan Joint International Research Center for Carbon Dioxide Resource Utilization, State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Ganghai Ni
- Hunan Joint International Research Center for Carbon Dioxide Resource Utilization, State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Wanru Liao
- Hunan Joint International Research Center for Carbon Dioxide Resource Utilization, State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Kang Liu
- Hunan Joint International Research Center for Carbon Dioxide Resource Utilization, State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Jiawei Chen
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Fangyang Liu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Zongliang Zhang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Ming Jia
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Jie Li
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Junwei Fu
- Hunan Joint International Research Center for Carbon Dioxide Resource Utilization, State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Evangelina Pensa
- Nanoinstitut München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539, München, Germany
| | - Liangxing Jiang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, P.R. China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Value-added Metallurgy, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Zhenfeng Bian
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, P.R. China
| | - Emiliano Cortés
- Nanoinstitut München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539, München, Germany
| | - Min Liu
- Hunan Joint International Research Center for Carbon Dioxide Resource Utilization, State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, P.R. China
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41
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Li D, Wei R, Yin H, Zhang H, Wang X, Li C. Dynamic charge collecting mechanisms of cobalt phosphate on hematite photoanodes studied by photoinduced absorption spectroscopy. Chem Sci 2023; 14:1861-1870. [PMID: 36819856 PMCID: PMC9930927 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05802b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Reaction sites, surface states, and surface loaded electrocatalysts are photoinduced charge storage sites and critical to photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance, however the charge transfer mechanisms involved in the three remain poorly understood. Herein, we studied the charge transfer processes in hematite (Fe2O3) without/with loaded cobalt phosphate (CoPi) by operando photoinduced absorption (PIA) spectroscopy. The loaded CoPi receives trapped holes in surface states at low potential and directly captures holes in the valence band at high potential. Through the dynamic hole storage mechanisms, loaded CoPi on Fe2O3 facilitates spatial charge separation and serves as a charge transfer mediator, instead of serving as a catalyst to change the water oxidation mechanism (constant third-order reaction). The spatial separation of photoinduced charges between Fe2O3 and CoPi results in more long-lived holes on the Fe2O3 surface to improve PEC water oxidation kinetically. The dynamic charge collecting mechanism sheds light on the understanding and designing of electrocatalyst loaded photoanodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy Dalian 116023 China .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Ruifang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy Dalian 116023 China .,Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Heng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy Dalian 116023 China
| | - Hemin Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Engineering Research Center of Alternative Energy Materials and Devices, Ministry of EducationChengdu 610065China
| | - Xiuli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy Dalian 116023 China
| | - Can Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy Dalian 116023 China .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China.,Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
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42
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Boosting multi-hole water oxidation catalysis on hematite photoanodes under low bias. Sci China Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1527-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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43
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Wang H, Zhou Z, Long R, Prezhdo OV. Passivation of Hematite by a Semiconducting Overlayer Reduces Charge Recombination: An Insight from Nonadiabatic Molecular Dynamics. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:879-887. [PMID: 36661401 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Hematite (α-Fe2O3) is a promising photoanode material for photoelectrochemical water splitting. Surface-passivating layers are effective in improving water oxidation kinetics; however, the passivation mechanism is not fully understood due to the complexity of interfacial reactions. Focusing on the Fe-terminated Fe2O3 (0001) surface that exhibits surface states in the band gap, we perform ab initio quantum dynamics simulations to study the effect of an α-Ga2O3 overlayer on charge recombination. The overlayer eliminates surface states and suppresses charge recombination 4-fold. This explains in part the observed cathodic shift in the onset potential for water oxidation. The increased charge carrier lifetime is an outcome of two factors, energy gap and electron-vibrational coupling, with a positive contribution from the former but a negative contribution from the latter. This work presents an advance in the atomistic time-domain understanding of the influence of surface passivation on charge recombination dynamics and provides guidance for designing novel α-Fe2O3 photoanodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an710064, China
| | - Zhaohui Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an710064, China
| | - Run Long
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing100875, China
| | - Oleg V Prezhdo
- Deparment of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California90089, United States
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44
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Zheng T, Li A, Han J, Wang XF. Biohybrid Molecule-Based Photocatalysts for Water Splitting Hydrogen Evolution. Chempluschem 2023; 88:e202200424. [PMID: 36749113 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202200424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The problems of resource depletion and environmental pollution caused by the excessive use of fossil fuels greatly restrict the rapid development of human technology and industry, which has led to a high demand for the development of new and clean energy sources. Hydrogen, due to its high calorific value and environmentally friendly combustion products, is undoubtedly a very promising energy carrier. The current methods of industrial hydrogen production are mainly water electrocatalytic decomposition or fossil fuels conversion, which also results in the waste of other energy sources. Since only one-step is involved during the conversion from solar to chemical energy and thus unnecessary energy waste is avoided, solar energy photocatalytic decomposition of water provides a more viable method for hydrogen production. The utilization of biohybrid molecules, which are widely available in nature and environmentally friendly, further reduce the cost of such photocatalytic systems. This Review discusses the research progress on hydrogen production using biohybrid molecules for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. The basic reaction mechanism, general types and system structures about biohybrid molecule-based photocatalysts are summarized. The current challenges and prospects in the research of water splitting hydrogen evolution by biohybrid molecules photocatalysts are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianfang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education) College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Aijun Li
- Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education) College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Jiahong Han
- Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education) College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education) College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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45
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Li H, Lin C, Yang Y, Dong C, Min Y, Shi X, Wang L, Lu S, Zhang K. Boosting Reactive Oxygen Species Generation Using Inter-Facet Edge Rich WO 3 Arrays for Photoelectrochemical Conversion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202210804. [PMID: 36351869 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202210804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Water oxidation reaction leaves room to be improved in the development of various solar fuel productions, because of the kinetically sluggish 4-electron transfer process of oxygen evolution reaction. In this work, we realize reactive oxygen species (ROS), H2 O2 and OH⋅, formations by water oxidation with total Faraday efficiencies of more than 90 % by using inter-facet edge (IFE) rich WO3 arrays in an electrolyte containing CO3 2- . Our results demonstrate that the IFE favors the adsorption of CO3 2- while reducing the adsorption energy of OH⋅, as well as suppresses surface hole accumulation by direct 1-electron and indirect 2-electron transfer pathways. Finally, we present selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol by in situ using the formed OH⋅, which delivers a benzaldehyde production rate of ≈768 μmol h-1 with near 100 % selectivity. This work offers a promising approach to tune or control the oxidation reaction in an aqueous solar fuel system towards high efficiency and value-added product.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Cheng Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Yilong Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Chaoran Dong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Yulin Min
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials in Electric Power, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqin Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Luyang Wang
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518118, P. R. China
| | - Siyu Lu
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, P. R. China
| | - Kan Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
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46
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Li Y, Tang S, Sheng H, Li C, Li H, Dong B, Cao L. Multiple roles for LaFeO 3 in enhancing the Photoelectrochemical performance of WO 3. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 629:598-609. [PMID: 36179579 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.09.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
For photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting, constructing heterojunctions and loading co-catalysts are effective means to realizing sufficient light absorption, effective photogenerated carrier separation and fast charge transport. However, during implementation, the PEC performance of the catalyst is affected by both parasitic light absorption and reflection and the change in energy band structure due to the creation of new interfaces. Herein, in order to minimize the effect of recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs on the catalyst PEC performance due to the nascent interface arising from the co-catalyst compounding, WO3 and Ni/Co co-doped LaFeO3 (LFO) are constructed as heterojunctions, in which NiCo-LFO acts both as a part of the heterojunction to enhance photogenerated carrier separation and a co-catalyst to enhance the conductivity and modulate the surface state density at the catalyst-electrolyte interface. The current density of NiCo-LFO/WO3 reaches 3.92 mA cm-2, which is more than 7 times that of LFO/WO3. This work provides a reference for the efficient water splitting of B-site doped, especially the co-doped perovskite oxide as multifunctional roles integrated with conventional photoelectrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxin Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 238 Songling Road, Qingdao 266100 PR China
| | - Shimiao Tang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 238 Songling Road, Qingdao 266100 PR China
| | - Hongbin Sheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 238 Songling Road, Qingdao 266100 PR China
| | - Can Li
- Institute of Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, College of Optical and Electronic Technology, China Jiliang University, 256 Xueyuan Street, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, PR China.
| | - Haiyan Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 238 Songling Road, Qingdao 266100 PR China
| | - Bohua Dong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 238 Songling Road, Qingdao 266100 PR China.
| | - Lixin Cao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 238 Songling Road, Qingdao 266100 PR China.
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Xue J, Zhang H, Guan R, Liu T, Gao J, Liu X, Wu M, Guo K, Jia H, Shen Q. Kinetics analysis of oxygen vacancies in TiO2 solar water reduction: Revealing effects and eliminating disadvantages. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 630:382-393. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.10.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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48
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Ramakrishnan V, Tsyganok A, Davydova E, Pavan MJ, Rothschild A, Visoly-Fisher I. Competitive Photo-Oxidation of Water and Hole Scavengers on Hematite Photoanodes: Photoelectrochemical and Operando Raman Spectroelectrochemistry Study. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Ramakrishnan
- Swiss Institute for Dryland Environmental and Energy Research, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion8499000, Israel
| | - Anton Tsyganok
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion − Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa3200002, Israel
| | - Elena Davydova
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion − Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa3200002, Israel
| | - Mariela J. Pavan
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva8410501, Israel
| | - Avner Rothschild
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion − Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa3200002, Israel
- The Nancy & Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program (GTEP), Technion − Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa3200002, Israel
| | - Iris Visoly-Fisher
- Swiss Institute for Dryland Environmental and Energy Research, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion8499000, Israel
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva8410501, Israel
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Hydrothermal Synthesized CoS2 as Efficient Co-Catalyst to Improve the Interfacial Charge Transfer Efficiency in BiVO4. INORGANICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics10120264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The bare surface of BiVO4 photoanode usually suffers from extremely low interfacial charge transfer efficiency which leads to a significantly suppressed photoelectrochemical water splitting performance. Various strategies, including surface modification and the loading of co-catalysts, facilitate the interface charge transfer process in BiVO4. In this study, we demonstrate that CoS2 synthesized from the hydrothermal method can be used as a high-efficient co-catalyst to sufficiently improve the interface charge transfer efficiency in BiVO4. The photoelectrochemical water splitting performance of BiVO4 was significantly improved after CoS2 surface modification. The BiVO4/CoS2 photoanode achieved an excellent photocurrent density of 5.2 mA/cm2 at 1.23 V versus RHE under AM 1.5 G illumination, corresponding to a 3.7 times enhancement in photocurrent compared with bare BiVO4. The onset potential of the BiVO4/CoS2 photoanode was also negatively shifted by 210 mV. The followed systematic combined optical and electrochemical characterization results reveal that the interfacial charge transfer efficiency of BiVO4 was largely improved from less than 20% to more than 70% due tor CoS2 surface modification. The further surface carrier dynamics study performed using an intensity modulated photocurrent spectroscopy displayed a 6–10 times suppression in surface recombination rate constants for CoS2 modified BiVO4, which suggests that the key reason for the improved interfacial charge transfer efficiency possibly originates from the passivated surface states due to the coating of CoS2.
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50
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Cifre-Herrando M, Roselló-Márquez G, García-García DM, García-Antón J. Degradation of Methylparaben Using Optimal WO 3 Nanostructures: Influence of the Annealing Conditions and Complexing Agent. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:4286. [PMID: 36500910 PMCID: PMC9740506 DOI: 10.3390/nano12234286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this work, WO3 nanostructures were synthesized with different complexing agents (0.05 M H2O2 and 0.1 M citric acid) and annealing conditions (400 °C, 500 °C and 600 °C) to obtain optimal WO3 nanostructures to use them as a photoanode in the photoelectrochemical (PEC) degradation of an endocrine disruptor chemical. These nanostructures were studied morphologically by a field emission scanning electron microscope. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was performed to provide information of the electronic states of the nanostructures. The crystallinity of the samples was observed by a confocal Raman laser microscope and X-ray diffraction. Furthermore, photoelectrochemical measurements (photostability, photoelectrochemical impedance spectroscopy, Mott-Schottky and water-splitting test) were also performed using a solar simulator with AM 1.5 conditions at 100 mW·cm-2. Once the optimal nanostructure was obtained (citric acid 0.01 M at an annealing temperature of 600 °C), the PEC degradation of methylparaben (CO 10 ppm) was carried out. It was followed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry, which allowed to obtain the concentration of the contaminant during degradation and the identification of degradation intermediates. The optimized nanostructure was proved to be an efficient photocatalyst since the degradation of methylparaben was performed in less than 4 h and the kinetic coefficient of degradation was 0.02 min-1.
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