1
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Wang B, Lu Y. Collective Molecular Machines: Multidimensionality and Reconfigurability. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 16:155. [PMID: 38499833 PMCID: PMC10948734 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01379-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Molecular machines are key to cellular activity where they are involved in converting chemical and light energy into efficient mechanical work. During the last 60 years, designing molecular structures capable of generating unidirectional mechanical motion at the nanoscale has been the topic of intense research. Effective progress has been made, attributed to advances in various fields such as supramolecular chemistry, biology and nanotechnology, and informatics. However, individual molecular machines are only capable of producing nanometer work and generally have only a single functionality. In order to address these problems, collective behaviors realized by integrating several or more of these individual mechanical units in space and time have become a new paradigm. In this review, we comprehensively discuss recent developments in the collective behaviors of molecular machines. In particular, collective behavior is divided into two paradigms. One is the appropriate integration of molecular machines to efficiently amplify molecular motions and deformations to construct novel functional materials. The other is the construction of swarming modes at the supramolecular level to perform nanoscale or microscale operations. We discuss design strategies for both modes and focus on the modulation of features and properties. Subsequently, in order to address existing challenges, the idea of transferring experience gained in the field of micro/nano robotics is presented, offering prospects for future developments in the collective behavior of molecular machines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Xing G, Peng D, Ben T. Crystalline porous organic salts. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:1495-1513. [PMID: 38165686 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00855j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Crystalline porous organic salts (CPOSs), formed by the self-assembly of organic acids and organic bases through ionic bonding, possess definite structures and permanent porosity and have rapidly emerged as an important class of porous organic materials in recent years. By rationally designing and controlling tectons, acidity/basicity (pKa), and topology, stable CPOSs with permanent porosity can be efficiently constructed. The characteristics of ionic bonds, charge-separated highly polar nano-confined channels, and permanent porosity endow CPOSs with unique physicochemical properties, offering extensive research opportunities for exploring their functionalities and application scenarios. In this review, we systematically summarize the latest progress in CPOS research, describe the synthetic strategies for synthesizing CPOSs, delineate their structural characteristics, and highlight the differences between CPOSs and hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs). Furthermore, we provide an overview of the potential applications of CPOSs in areas such as negative linear compression (NLC), proton conduction, rapid transport of CO2, selective and rapid transport of K+ ions, atmospheric water harvesting (AWH), gas sorption, molecular rotors, fluorescence modulation, room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) and catalysis. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives of CPOSs are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guolong Xing
- Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Green Syntheses and Applications of Fluorine-Containing Specialty Chemicals, Institute of Advanced Fluorine-Containing Materials, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, P. R. China.
- Science and Technology Center for Quantum Biology, National Institute of Extremely-Weak Magnetic Field Infrastructure, Hangzhou 310000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, P. R. China
| | - Daoling Peng
- Science and Technology Center for Quantum Biology, National Institute of Extremely-Weak Magnetic Field Infrastructure, Hangzhou 310000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Teng Ben
- Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Green Syntheses and Applications of Fluorine-Containing Specialty Chemicals, Institute of Advanced Fluorine-Containing Materials, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, P. R. China.
- Science and Technology Center for Quantum Biology, National Institute of Extremely-Weak Magnetic Field Infrastructure, Hangzhou 310000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, P. R. China
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3
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Xiao H, Hu WY, Wang Q, Zeng CH, Li HH, Liu H, Du ZY, He CT. Molecular rotators anchored on a rod-like anionic coordination polymer adhered by charge-assisted hydrogen bonds. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:3974-3980. [PMID: 38221866 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05597c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
On the basis of variable-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction, variable-temperature/frequency dielectric analysis, variable-temperature solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and molecular dynamics simulations, here we present a new model of crystalline supramolecular rotor (i-PrNHMe2)[CdBr3], where a conformationally flexible near-spherical (i-PrNHMe2)+ cation functions as a rotator and a rod-like anionic coordination polymer {[CdBr3]-}∞ acts as the stator, and the adhesion of them is realized by charge-assisted hydrogen bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China.
| | - Wei-Yu Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China.
| | - Qing Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Cheng-Hui Zeng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China.
| | - Hao-Hong Li
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Haiming Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zi-Yi Du
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China.
| | - Chun-Ting He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China.
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4
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Hurtado CS, Bastien G, Rončević I, Dračínský M, Tortorici T, Rogers CT, Michl J, Kaleta J. Regular arrays of C 60-based molecular rotors mounted on the surface of tris( o-phenylenedioxy)cyclotriphosphazene nanocrystals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:960-963. [PMID: 37955197 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04559e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Dielectric spectroscopy has been used to determine the barriers of rotation of surface-mounted fullerenes (2.3 ± 0.1 and 4.3 ± 0.1 kcal mol-1). In order to achieve this, a C60 derivative equipped with an anchoring group designed to form a surface inclusion with the hexagonal form of tris(o-phenylenedioxy)cyclotriphosphazene (TPP) has been synthesized. Solid-state NMR analysis revealed that approximately 50% of the surface-mounted molecules have a chemical environment different from the others suggesting two distinct insertion modes. These observations correlate with results of DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Santos Hurtado
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 160 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Guillaume Bastien
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 160 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Igor Rončević
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Martin Dračínský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 160 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Teddy Tortorici
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Charles T Rogers
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Josef Michl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 160 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Jiří Kaleta
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 160 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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5
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Perego J, Bezuidenhout CX, Bracco S, Piva S, Prando G, Aloisi C, Carretta P, Kaleta J, Le TP, Sozzani P, Daolio A, Comotti A. Benchmark Dynamics of Dipolar Molecular Rotors in Fluorinated Metal-Organic Frameworks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215893. [PMID: 36469012 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fluorinated Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs), comprising a wheel-shaped ligand with geminal rotating fluorine atoms, produced benchmark mobility of correlated dipolar rotors at 2 K, with practically null activation energy (Ea =17 cal mol-1 ). 1 H T1 NMR revealed multiple relaxation phenomena due to the exchange among correlated dipole-rotor configurations. Synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction at 4 K, Density Functional Theory, Molecular Dynamics and phonon calculations showed the fluid landscape and pointed out a cascade mechanism converting dipole configurations into each other. Gas accessibility, shown by hyperpolarized-Xe NMR, allowed for chemical stimuli intervention: CO2 triggered dipole reorientation, reducing their collective dynamics and stimulating a dipole configuration change in the crystal. Dynamic materials under limited thermal noise and high responsiveness enable the fabrication of molecular machines with low energy dissipation and controllable dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Perego
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano - Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milan, Italy
| | - Charl X Bezuidenhout
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano - Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Bracco
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano - Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milan, Italy
| | - Sergio Piva
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano - Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Prando
- Department of Physics, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 6, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Cristian Aloisi
- Department of Physics, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 6, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Pietro Carretta
- Department of Physics, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 6, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Jiří Kaleta
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo námĕstí 542/2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Thi Phuong Le
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo námĕstí 542/2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Piero Sozzani
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano - Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Daolio
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano - Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milan, Italy
| | - Angiolina Comotti
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano - Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milan, Italy
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6
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Li W, Liu D, Hu W, Liu Q, Du Z, He C, Zhang W, Chen X. A Crystalline Supramolecular Rotor Functioned by Dual Ultrasmall Polar Rotators. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202200212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wang Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022 China
| | - De‐Xuan Liu
- School of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Wei‐Yu Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022 China
| | - Qing‐Yan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022 China
| | - Zi‐Yi Du
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022 China
| | - Chun‐Ting He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022 China
| | - Wei‐Xiong Zhang
- School of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Xiao‐Ming Chen
- School of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
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7
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Lu S, Huang M, Huang G, Guo Q, Li H, Deng J, Zhang C, Yu Y. Two 'braking mechanisms' for tin phthalocyanine molecular rotors on dipolar iron oxide surfaces. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:1213-1219. [PMID: 36131761 PMCID: PMC9417875 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00588j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Manipulation of artificial molecular rotors/motors is a key issue in the field of molecular nanomachines. Here we assemble non-planar SnPc molecules on an FeO film to form two kinds of rotors with different apparent morphologies, rotational speeds and stabilities. Both kinds of rotors can switch to each other via external field stimulation and the switch depends on the polarity of the applied bias voltage. Furthermore, we reveal that the molecular fragment has a great influence on the motions of molecules. Combining scanning tunneling microscopy and DFT calculations, two braking mechanisms are addressed for molecular rotors. One is the transformation of adsorption configurations under the external electric field stimulus that enables the molecular rotor to stop/restart its rotation. The other is the introduction of embedded molecular fragments that act as a brake pad and can stop the molecular rotation. We find that the rotation can be recovered by separating the molecule from the fragments. Our study suggests a good system for manipulating molecular rotors' properties in nanophysics and has important value for the design of controllable molecular machines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangzan Lu
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Physics and Electronic Sciences, Hubei University Wuhan 430062 China
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Min Huang
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Physics and Electronic Sciences, Hubei University Wuhan 430062 China
| | - Guodong Huang
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Physics and Electronic Sciences, Hubei University Wuhan 430062 China
| | - Qinmin Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430081 China
| | - Hongxing Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials Genome Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology Changsha 410114 China
| | - Jinghao Deng
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Chendong Zhang
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Yinghui Yu
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Physics and Electronic Sciences, Hubei University Wuhan 430062 China
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8
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De Nicola A, Correa A, Bracco S, Perego J, Sozzani P, Comotti A, Milano G. Collective dynamics of molecular rotors in periodic mesoporous organosilica: a combined solid-state 2H-NMR and molecular dynamics simulation study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:666-673. [PMID: 34904981 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05013c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Molecular rotors offer a platform to realize controlled dynamics and modulate the functions of solids. The motional mechanisms in arrays of rotors have not been explored in depth. Crystal-like porous organosilicas, comprising p-phenylene rotators pivoted onto a siloxane scaffold, were modelled using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Long simulations, on a microsecond scale, allowed to follow the reorientation statistics of rotor collections and single out group configurations and frequency distributions as a function of temperature. The motions observed in the MD simulations support a multiple-site model for rotor reorientations. Computed motional frequencies revealed a complex rotatory phenomenon combining an ultra-fast libration motion (oscillation up to 30°) with a slow and fast 180° flip reorientation. Adopting a multiple-site model provides a more accurate simulation of the 2H-NMR spectra and a rationalization of their temperature dependence. In particular, rotators endowed with distinct rates could be explained by the presence of slower rings locked in a T-shaped conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio De Nicola
- Scuola Superiore Meridionale, Largo San Marcellino 10, 80138 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Andrea Correa
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, Complesso Monte S. Angelo, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Silvia Bracco
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano - Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milano, Italy.
| | - Jacopo Perego
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano - Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milano, Italy.
| | - Piero Sozzani
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano - Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milano, Italy.
| | - Angiolina Comotti
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano - Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milano, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Milano
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Naploli, Italy
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9
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Cao HJ, Wei X, Sun F, Zhang X, Lu C, Yan H. Metal-catalyzed B-H acylmethylation of pyridylcarboranes: access to carborane-fused indoliziniums and quinoliziniums. Chem Sci 2021; 12:15563-15571. [PMID: 35003585 PMCID: PMC8654026 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05296a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal-catalyzed mono-acylmethylation of pyridylcarboranes has been realized using α-carbonyl sulfoxonium ylides as a coupling partner. The reaction features high efficiency, excellent site-selectivity and good functional group tolerance. In the presence of pyridyl and enolizable acylmethyl groups, a post-coordination mode has been proposed and validated by in situ high resolution mass spectroscopy (HRMS) to rationalize the unique mono-substitution. Post-functionalization at the newly incorporated alkyl site provides additional utility of this method, including the construction of carborane-fused indoliziniums and quinoliziniums. We believe that these mono-alkylated carboranes, together with their post-functionalized derivatives, may find applications in luminescent materials and drug discovery in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hou-Ji Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu 210023 P. R. China
| | - Xing Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu 210023 P. R. China
| | - Fangxiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu 210023 P. R. China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu 210023 P. R. China
| | - Changsheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu 210023 P. R. China
| | - Hong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu 210023 P. R. China
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10
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Perego J, Bezuidenhout CX, Bracco S, Prando G, Marchiò L, Negroni M, Carretta P, Sozzani P, Comotti A. Cascade Dynamics of Multiple Molecular Rotors in a MOF: Benchmark Mobility at a Few Kelvins and Dynamics Control by CO 2. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:13082-13090. [PMID: 34388339 PMCID: PMC8413000 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c03801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Achieving
sophisticated juxtaposition of geared molecular rotors
with negligible energy-requirements in solids enables fast yet controllable
and correlated rotary motion to construct switches and motors. Our
endeavor was to realize multiple rotors operating in a MOF architecture
capable of supporting fast motional regimes, even at extremely cold
temperatures. Two distinct ligands, 4,4′-bipyridine (bipy)
and bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanedicarboxylate (BCP), coordinated to Zn clusters
fabricated a pillar-and-layer 3D array of orthogonal rotors. Variable
temperature XRD, 2H solid-echo, and 1H T1 relaxation NMR, collected down to a temperature of 2 K revealed
the hyperfast mobility of BCP and an unprecedented cascade mechanism
modulated by distinct energy barriers starting from values as low
as 100 J mol–1 (24 cal mol–1),
a real benchmark for complex arrays of rotors. These rotors explored
multiple configurations of conrotary and disrotary relationships,
switched on and off by thermal energy, a scenario supported by DFT
modeling. Furthermore, the collective bipy-ring rotation was concerted
with the framework, which underwent controllable swinging between
two arrangements in a dynamical structure. A second way to manipulate
rotors by external stimuli was the use of CO2, which diffused
through the open pores, dramatically changing the global rotation
mechanism. Collectively, the intriguing gymnastics of multiple rotors,
devised cooperatively and integrated into the same framework, gave
the opportunity to engineer hypermobile rotors (107 Hz
at 4 K) in machine-like double ligand MOF crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Perego
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano - Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milan, Italy
| | - Charl X Bezuidenhout
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano - Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Bracco
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano - Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Prando
- Department of Physics, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Luciano Marchiò
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/a, 43121 Parma, Italy
| | - Mattia Negroni
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano - Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Carretta
- Department of Physics, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Piero Sozzani
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano - Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milan, Italy
| | - Angiolina Comotti
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano - Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milan, Italy
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11
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Ehnbom A, Gladysz JA. Gyroscopes and the Chemical Literature, 2002–2020: Approaches to a Nascent Family of Molecular Devices. Chem Rev 2021; 121:3701-3750. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Ehnbom
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, PO Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - John A. Gladysz
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, PO Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
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12
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Prando G, Perego J, Negroni M, Riccò M, Bracco S, Comotti A, Sozzani P, Carretta P. Molecular Rotors in a Metal-Organic Framework: Muons on a Hyper-Fast Carousel. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:7613-7618. [PMID: 32870690 PMCID: PMC8011913 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c03140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Using muon-spin spectroscopy, we study the exceptional dynamical properties of rotating molecular struts engineered within a Zn-based metal-organic framework at cryogenic temperatures, where the internal motions of almost any other organic substance are quenched. Muon-spin spectroscopy is particularly suited for this aim, as the experimental evidence suggests several implantation sites for the muons, among which at least one directly onto the rotating moiety. The dynamics of the molecular rotors are characterized by the exceptionally low activation energy EA ∼ 30 cal mol-1. At the same time, we evidence a highly unusual temperature dependence of the dipolar interaction of muons with nuclear magnetic moments on the rotors, suggesting a complex influence of the rotations on the muon implantation and diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Prando
- Department
of Physics, University of Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Jacopo Perego
- Department
of Materials Science, University of Milano
Bicocca, I-20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Mattia Negroni
- Department
of Materials Science, University of Milano
Bicocca, I-20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Mauro Riccò
- Department
of Mathematical, Physical and Information Sciences, University of Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Silvia Bracco
- Department
of Materials Science, University of Milano
Bicocca, I-20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Angiolina Comotti
- Department
of Materials Science, University of Milano
Bicocca, I-20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Piero Sozzani
- Department
of Materials Science, University of Milano
Bicocca, I-20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Pietro Carretta
- Department
of Physics, University of Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
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13
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Perego J, Bracco S, Negroni M, Bezuidenhout CX, Prando G, Carretta P, Comotti A, Sozzani P. Fast motion of molecular rotors in metal–organic framework struts at very low temperatures. Nat Chem 2020; 12:845-851. [DOI: 10.1038/s41557-020-0495-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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14
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Santos Hurtado C, Bastien G, Mašát M, Štoček JR, Dračínský M, Rončević I, Císařová I, Rogers CT, Kaleta J. Regular Two-Dimensional Arrays of Surface-Mounted Molecular Switches: Switching Monitored by UV–vis and NMR Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:9337-9351. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carina Santos Hurtado
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Guillaume Bastien
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Mašát
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Radek Štoček
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Dračínský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Igor Rončević
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Císařová
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Charles T. Rogers
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Jiří Kaleta
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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15
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Abstract
Directed motion at the nanoscale is a central attribute of life, and chemically driven motor proteins are nature's choice to accomplish it. Motivated and inspired by such bionanodevices, in the past few decades chemists have developed artificial prototypes of molecular motors, namely, multicomponent synthetic species that exhibit directionally controlled, stimuli-induced movements of their parts. In this context, photonic and redox stimuli represent highly appealing modes of activation, particularly from a technological viewpoint. Here we describe the evolution of the field of photo- and redox-driven artificial molecular motors, and we provide a comprehensive review of the work published in the past 5 years. After an analysis of the general principles that govern controlled and directed movement at the molecular scale, we describe the fundamental photochemical and redox processes that can enable its realization. The main classes of light- and redox-driven molecular motors are illustrated, with a particular focus on recent designs, and a thorough description of the functions performed by these kinds of devices according to literature reports is presented. Limitations, challenges, and future perspectives of the field are critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Baroncini
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures , Istituto ISOF-CNR , via Gobetti 101 , 40129 Bologna , Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari , Università di Bologna , viale Fanin 44 , 40127 Bologna , Italy
| | - Serena Silvi
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures , Istituto ISOF-CNR , via Gobetti 101 , 40129 Bologna , Italy.,Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician" , Università di Bologna , via Selmi 2 , 40126 Bologna , Italy
| | - Alberto Credi
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures , Istituto ISOF-CNR , via Gobetti 101 , 40129 Bologna , Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari , Università di Bologna , viale Fanin 44 , 40127 Bologna , Italy
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16
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Zhang ZX, Zhang T, Shi PP, Zhang WY, Ye Q, Fu DW. Anion-Regulated Molecular Rotor Crystal: The First Case of a Stator-Rotator Double Switch with Relaxation Behavior. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:4237-4244. [PMID: 31295405 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b01503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Molecular rotational motion is crucial in artificial molecular machines and is expected to be very significant for the development of an electronic information molecular machine as mentioned in the 2016 Nobel Prize. However, controlling multiple motor modes is a huge challenge. Here, we report a case in which the structural phase transition effectively triggers multiple motor modes by regulating the rotational speed of the cation and/or anion. A novel switchable crystalline supramolecular rotor, [(cyclohexylammonium)(18-crown-6)] FSO3 (1), exhibits prominent temperature-dependent double switching behavior at 157.9 and 389.1 K induced by the variation of the rotational speed of the FSO3- anion (which acts as a super miniature rotator) in response to temperature. Moreover, it exhibits significant relaxation behavior and excellent pyroelectric switch characteristics. To the best of our knowledge, this might be the first discovery of the stator-rotator double switch with a relaxation effect, which could be a promising candidate for a slow/fast responsive double switch over a wide temperature range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Xu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics , Southeast University , Nanjing 211189 , P. R. China
| | - Tie Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics , Southeast University , Nanjing 211189 , P. R. China
| | - Ping-Ping Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics , Southeast University , Nanjing 211189 , P. R. China
| | - Wan-Ying Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics , Southeast University , Nanjing 211189 , P. R. China
| | - Qiong Ye
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics , Southeast University , Nanjing 211189 , P. R. China
| | - Da-Wei Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics , Southeast University , Nanjing 211189 , P. R. China
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17
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Kaleta J, Bastien G, Wen J, Dračínský M, Tortorici E, Císařová I, Beale PD, Rogers CT, Michl J. Bulk Inclusions of Double Pyridazine Molecular Rotors in Hexagonal Tris(o-phenylene)cyclotriphosphazene. J Org Chem 2019; 84:8449-8467. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Kaleta
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
| | - Guillaume Bastien
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jin Wen
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Dračínský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Edward Tortorici
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Ivana Císařová
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030, 12840 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Paul D. Beale
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Charles T. Rogers
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Josef Michl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
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18
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Aguilar-Granda A, Colin-Molina A, Jellen MJ, Núñez-Pineda A, Cifuentes-Quintal ME, Toscano RA, Merino G, Rodríguez-Molina B. Triggering the dynamics of a carbazole- p-[phenylene-diethynyl]-xylene rotor through a mechanically induced phase transition. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:14054-14057. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc05672f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A crystalline molecular machine with several solid phases where only one is able to show intramolecular rotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Aguilar-Granda
- Instituto de Química
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Circuito Exterior
- Ciudad Universitaria
- Ciudad de México
| | - Abraham Colin-Molina
- Instituto de Química
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Circuito Exterior
- Ciudad Universitaria
- Ciudad de México
| | - Marcus J. Jellen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | - Alejandra Núñez-Pineda
- Instituto de Química
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Circuito Exterior
- Ciudad Universitaria
- Ciudad de México
| | | | - Rubén Alfredo Toscano
- Instituto de Química
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Circuito Exterior
- Ciudad Universitaria
- Ciudad de México
| | - Gabriel Merino
- Departamento de Física Aplicada
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados
- Unidad Mérida
- Mérida, Yuc
- Mexico
| | - Braulio Rodríguez-Molina
- Instituto de Química
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Circuito Exterior
- Ciudad Universitaria
- Ciudad de México
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19
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Zhong Z, Yang X, Wang BH, Yao YF, Guo B, Yu L, Huang Y, Xu J. Solvent-polymer guest exchange in a carbamazepine inclusion complex: structure, kinetics and implication for guest selection. CrystEngComm 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ce01766b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Solvent–polymer guest exchange in a carbamazepine inclusion complex in a stirred solution was studied and a mechanism was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE)
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Xiaotong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE)
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Bi-Heng Wang
- Physics Department and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance
- School of Physics and Materials Science
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- China
| | - Ye-Feng Yao
- Physics Department and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance
- School of Physics and Materials Science
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- China
| | - Baohua Guo
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE)
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Lian Yu
- School of Pharmacy and Department of Chemistry
- University of Wisconsin-Madison
- Madison
- USA
| | - Yanbin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE)
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Jun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE)
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
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20
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Yesilgul N, Seven O, Guliyev R, Akkaya EU. Energy Harvesting in a Bodipy-Functionalized Rotaxane. J Org Chem 2018; 83:13228-13232. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nisa Yesilgul
- Department of Chemistry, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Seven
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Ruslan Guliyev
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Engin U. Akkaya
- Department of Chemistry, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
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21
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Baruah JB. Predominantly ligand guided non-covalently linked assemblies of inorganic complexes and guest inclusions. J CHEM SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-018-1458-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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22
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Zhao R, Zhao YL, Qi F, Hermann KE, Zhang RQ, Van Hove MA. Interlocking Mechanism between Molecular Gears Attached to Surfaces. ACS NANO 2018; 12:3020-3029. [PMID: 29470913 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b00784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
While molecular machines play an increasingly significant role in nanoscience research and applications, there remains a shortage of investigations and understanding of the molecular gear (cogwheel), which is an indispensable and fundamental component to drive a larger correlated molecular machine system. Employing ab initio calculations, we investigate model systems consisting of molecules adsorbed on metal or graphene surfaces, ranging from very simple triple-arm gears such as PF3 and NH3 to larger multiarm gears based on carbon rings. We explore in detail the transmission of slow rotational motion from one gear to the next by these relatively simple molecules, so as to isolate and reveal the mechanisms of the relevant intermolecular interactions. Several characteristics of molecular gears are discussed, in particular the flexibility of the arms and the slipping and skipping between interlocking arms of adjacent gears, which differ from familiar macroscopic rigid gears. The underlying theoretical concepts suggest strongly that other analogous structures may also exhibit similar behavior which may inspire future exploration in designing large correlated molecular machines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rundong Zhao
- Institute of Computational and Theoretical Studies & Department of Physics , Hong Kong Baptist University , Hong Kong SAR , China
| | - Yan-Ling Zhao
- Department of Physics and Materials Science , City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , China
| | - Fei Qi
- Institute of Computational and Theoretical Studies & Department of Physics , Hong Kong Baptist University , Hong Kong SAR , China
| | - Klaus E Hermann
- Inorganic Chemistry Department , Fritz-Haber-Institute der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft , Berlin , Germany
| | - Rui-Qin Zhang
- Department of Physics and Materials Science , City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , China
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center , Beijing , China
| | - Michel A Van Hove
- Institute of Computational and Theoretical Studies & Department of Physics , Hong Kong Baptist University , Hong Kong SAR , China
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23
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Bracco S, Castiglioni F, Comotti A, Galli S, Negroni M, Maspero A, Sozzani P. Ultrafast Molecular Rotors and Their CO 2 Tuning in MOFs with Rod-Like Ligands. Chemistry 2017; 23:11210-11215. [PMID: 28675765 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A metal organic framework (MOF) engineered to contain in its scaffold rod-like struts featuring ultrafast molecular rotors showed extremely rapid 180 ° flip reorientation with rotational rates of 1011 Hz at 150 K. Crystal-pore accessibility of the MOF allowed the CO2 molecules to enter the cavities and control the rotor spinning speed down to 105 Hz at 150 K. Rotor dynamics, as modulated by CO2 loading/unloading in the porous crystals, was described by proton T1 and 2 H NMR spectroscopy. This strategy enabled the regulation of rotary motion by the diffusion of the gas within the channels and the determination of the energetics of rotary dynamics in the presence of CO2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bracco
- Department of Materials Science and INSTM Consortium, University of Milano Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Castiglioni
- Department of Materials Science and INSTM Consortium, University of Milano Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, Milan, Italy
| | - Angiolina Comotti
- Department of Materials Science and INSTM Consortium, University of Milano Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Galli
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia and INSTM Consortium, Università degli studi dell' Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100, Como, Italy
| | - Mattia Negroni
- Department of Materials Science and INSTM Consortium, University of Milano Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Maspero
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia and INSTM Consortium, Università degli studi dell' Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100, Como, Italy
| | - Piero Sozzani
- Department of Materials Science and INSTM Consortium, University of Milano Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, Milan, Italy
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24
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Kaleta J, Chen J, Bastien G, Dračínský M, Mašát M, Rogers CT, Feringa BL, Michl J. Surface Inclusion of Unidirectional Molecular Motors in Hexagonal Tris(o-phenylene)cyclotriphosphazene. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:10486-10498. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b05404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Kaleta
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jiawen Chen
- Department
of Organic and Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Guillaume Bastien
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Dračínský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Mašát
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Charles T. Rogers
- Department
of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Department
of Organic and Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Josef Michl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Praha 6, Czech Republic
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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25
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Zhong Z, Yang X, Fu XB, Yao YF, Guo BH, Huang Y, Xu J. Crystalline inclusion complexes formed between the drug diflunisal and block copolymers. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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26
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Catalano L, Perez-Estrada S, Wang HH, Ayitou AJL, Khan SI, Terraneo G, Metrangolo P, Brown S, Garcia-Garibay MA. Rotational Dynamics of Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane in Isomorphous Halogen-Bonded Co-crystals: Entropic and Enthalpic Effects. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:843-848. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b10780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Catalano
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Laboratory of Nanostructured
Fluorinated Materials (NFMLab), Department
of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, via L. Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Salvador Perez-Estrada
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Hsin-Hua Wang
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Anoklase J.-L. Ayitou
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Saeed I. Khan
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Giancarlo Terraneo
- Laboratory of Nanostructured
Fluorinated Materials (NFMLab), Department
of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, via L. Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Pierangelo Metrangolo
- Laboratory of Nanostructured
Fluorinated Materials (NFMLab), Department
of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, via L. Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Biologinkuja 7, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland
| | - Stuart Brown
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Miguel A. Garcia-Garibay
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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27
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Bracco S, Miyano T, Negroni M, Bassanetti I, Marchio' L, Sozzani P, Tohnai N, Comotti A. CO2 regulates molecular rotor dynamics in porous materials. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc02983g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Porous molecular crystals contain fast molecular rotors whose dynamics can be controlled by CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Bracco
- Department of Materials Science
- University of Milano Bicocca
- via R. Cozzi 55
- 2015
- Milano
| | - T. Miyano
- Department of Material and Life Science
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Suita
- Japan
| | - M. Negroni
- Department of Materials Science
- University of Milano Bicocca
- via R. Cozzi 55
- 2015
- Milano
| | - I. Bassanetti
- Department of Materials Science
- University of Milano Bicocca
- via R. Cozzi 55
- 2015
- Milano
| | - L. Marchio'
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Parma
- Parco Area delle Scienze 17/a
- 43124 Parma
- Italy
| | - P. Sozzani
- Department of Materials Science
- University of Milano Bicocca
- via R. Cozzi 55
- 2015
- Milano
| | - N. Tohnai
- Department of Material and Life Science
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Suita
- Japan
| | - A. Comotti
- Department of Materials Science
- University of Milano Bicocca
- via R. Cozzi 55
- 2015
- Milano
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28
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Abstract
Molecules and materials can show dynamic structures in which the dominant mechanism is rotary motion. The single mobile elements are defined as "molecular rotors" and exhibit special properties (compared with their static counterparts), being able in perspective to greatly modulate the dielectric response and form the basis for molecular motors that are designed with the idea of making molecules perform a useful mechanical function. The construction of ordered rotary elements into a solid is a necessary feature for such design, because it enables the alignment of rotors and the fine-tuning of their steric and dipolar interactions. Crystal surfaces or bulk crystals are the most suitable to adapt rotors in 2D or 3D arrangements and engineer juxtaposition of the rotors in an ordered way. Nevertheless, it is only in recent times that materials showing porosity and remarkably low density have undergone tremendous development. The characteristics of large free volume combine well with the virtually unhindered motion of the molecular rotors built into their structure. Indeed, the molecular rotors are used as struts in porous covalent and supramolecular architectures, spanning both hybrid and fully organic materials. The modularity of the approach renders possible a variety of rotor geometrical arrangements in both robust frameworks stable up to 850 K and self-assembled molecular materials. A nanosecond (fast dynamics) motional regime can be achieved at temperatures lower than 240 K, enabling rotor arrays operating in the solid state even at low temperatures. Furthermore, in nanoporous materials, molecular rotors can interact with the diffusing chemical species, be they liquids, vapors, or gases. Through this chemical intervention, rotor speed can be modulated at will, enabling a new generation of rotor-containing materials sensitive to guests. In principle, an applied electric field can be the stimulus for chemical release from porous materials. The effort needed to obtain strong dipoles that are noncentrosymmetrically mounted onto rotors and do not hamper rotational motion is a further aspect of this research activity. Thus, materials showing dielectric properties in response to applied electric fields have been fabricated. This may lead to challenging materials that are promptly responsive to an applied electric field, altering the ferroelectric or antiferroelectric ground state by fast dipole reorientation when subjected to electric polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angiolina Comotti
- Department
of Materials Science, University of Milano Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi
55, 20125 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Bracco
- Department
of Materials Science, University of Milano Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi
55, 20125 Milan, Italy
| | - Piero Sozzani
- Department
of Materials Science, University of Milano Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi
55, 20125 Milan, Italy
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29
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Sevick EM, Williams DRM. A Two-Stroke, Two-Cylinder Piston Rotaxane Motor. Chemphyschem 2016; 17:1927-33. [PMID: 26945475 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201501055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We introduce a model for a rotaxane motor. This uses two major themes of rotaxane physics, that is, the ability to change the potential of different regions of the axle (switching) and the entropy associated with free rings. The motor is based on free rings being trapped and released by potential stripes or stations. We calculate the power produced by such a motor, which is in the femtoWatt range. The power is proportional to the square of the number of rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith M Sevick
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Acton ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - David R M Williams
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Acton ACT, 2601, Australia.,Department of Applied Mathematics, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Acton ACT, 2601, Australia
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30
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Franchi P, Bleve V, Mezzina E, Schäfer C, Ragazzon G, Albertini M, Carbonera D, Credi A, Di Valentin M, Lucarini M. Structural Changes of a Doubly Spin-Labeled Chemically Driven Molecular Shuttle Probed by PELDOR Spectroscopy. Chemistry 2016; 22:8745-50. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Franchi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”; University of Bologna; Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Valentina Bleve
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”; University of Bologna; Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Elisabetta Mezzina
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”; University of Bologna; Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Christian Schäfer
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”; University of Bologna; Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Giulio Ragazzon
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”; University of Bologna; Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Marco Albertini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche; University of Padova; Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Donatella Carbonera
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche; University of Padova; Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Alberto Credi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”; University of Bologna; Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari; University of Bologna; Viale Fanin 44 40127 Bologna Italy
| | - Marilena Di Valentin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche; University of Padova; Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Marco Lucarini
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”; University of Bologna; Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
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31
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He H, Sevick EM, Williams DRM. Isotropic and nematic liquid crystalline phases of adaptive rotaxanes. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:124901. [PMID: 27036473 DOI: 10.1063/1.4943098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the thermodynamics of a solution of rotaxanes which can change their length from a short state of length L to a long state of length qL in response to their surrounding environment. We call these rotaxanes "adaptive." We show that such a system can exhibit both isotropic and nematic liquid crystalline phases. The system shows several interesting kinds of behaviour. First we predict that the fraction of short-length rotaxanes increases linearly with concentration and is a maximum at the critical concentration that marks the isotropic to nematic transition. Second, the critical concentration shows a minimum at a certain value of q. Our model suggests that the effect of adaptive length changes is most dramatic at small q and where the long state is slightly favoured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao He
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Edith M Sevick
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
| | - David R M Williams
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
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32
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Šembera F, Plutnar J, Higelin A, Janoušek Z, Císařová I, Michl J. Metal Complexes with Very Large Dipole Moments: the Anionic Carborane Nitriles 12-NC–CB11X11– (X = H, F, CH3) as Ligands on Pt(II) and Pd(II). Inorg Chem 2016; 55:3797-806. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b02678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Filip Šembera
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Plutnar
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alexander Higelin
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zbyněk Janoušek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Císařová
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Michl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
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33
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Abstract
The past quarter of a century has witnessed an increasing engagement on the part of physicists and chemists in the design and synthesis of molecular machines de novo. This minireview traces the development of artificial molecular machines from their prototypes in the form of shuttles and switches to their emergence as motors and pumps where supplies of energy in the form of chemical fuel, electrochemical potential and light activation become a minimum requirement for them to function away from equilibrium. The challenge facing this rapidly growing community of scientists and engineers today is one of putting wholly synthetic molecules to work, both individually and as collections. Here, we highlight some of the recent conceptual and practical advances relating to the operation of wholly synthetic rotary and linear motors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuyang Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - J Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
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34
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Catalano L, Pérez-Estrada S, Terraneo G, Pilati T, Resnati G, Metrangolo P, Garcia-Garibay MA. Dynamic Characterization of Crystalline Supramolecular Rotors Assembled through Halogen Bonding. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:15386-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b10776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Catalano
- Laboratory
of Nanostructured Fluorinated Materials (NFMLab), Department of Chemistry,
Materials, and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, via L. Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Salvador Pérez-Estrada
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Giancarlo Terraneo
- Laboratory
of Nanostructured Fluorinated Materials (NFMLab), Department of Chemistry,
Materials, and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, via L. Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Tullio Pilati
- Laboratory
of Nanostructured Fluorinated Materials (NFMLab), Department of Chemistry,
Materials, and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, via L. Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Resnati
- Laboratory
of Nanostructured Fluorinated Materials (NFMLab), Department of Chemistry,
Materials, and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, via L. Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Pierangelo Metrangolo
- Laboratory
of Nanostructured Fluorinated Materials (NFMLab), Department of Chemistry,
Materials, and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, via L. Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
- VTT-Technical Research Centre of Finland, P.O. Box
1000, Espoo FI-02044, Finland
| | - Miguel A. Garcia-Garibay
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
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35
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Kaleta J, Kaletová E, Císařová I, Teat SJ, Michl J. Synthesis of Triptycene-Based Molecular Rotors for Langmuir–Blodgett Monolayers. J Org Chem 2015; 80:10134-50. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Kaleta
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Kaletová
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Císařová
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030, 12840 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Simon J. Teat
- Advanced
Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron
Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Josef Michl
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
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36
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundus Erbas-Cakmak
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Leigh
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Charlie T. McTernan
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Alina
L. Nussbaumer
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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37
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Kaleta J, Dron PI, Zhao K, Shen Y, Císařová I, Rogers CT, Michl J. Arrays of Molecular Rotors with Triptycene Stoppers: Surface Inclusion in Hexagonal Tris(o-phenylenedioxy)cyclotriphosphazene. J Org Chem 2015; 80:6173-92. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Kaleta
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | - Ivana Císařová
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030, 12840 Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Josef Michl
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague, Czech Republic
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38
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Tayi AS, Kaeser A, Matsumoto M, Aida T, Stupp SI. Supramolecular ferroelectrics. Nat Chem 2015; 7:281-94. [PMID: 25803466 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular chemistry uses non-covalent interactions to coax molecules into forming ordered assemblies. The construction of ordered materials with these reversible bonds has led to dramatic innovations in organic electronics, polymer science and biomaterials. Here, we review how supramolecular strategies can advance the burgeoning field of organic ferroelectricity. Ferroelectrics - materials with a spontaneous and electrically reversible polarization - are touted for use in non-volatile computer memories, sensors and optics. Historically, this physical phenomenon has been studied in inorganic materials, although some organic examples are known and strong interest exists to extend the search for ferroelectric molecular systems. Other undiscovered applications outside this regime could also emerge. We describe the key features necessary for molecular and supramolecular dipoles in organic ferroelectrics and their incorporation into ordered systems, such as porous frameworks and liquid crystals. The goal of this Review is to motivate the development of innovative supramolecular ferroelectrics that exceed the performance and usefulness of known systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok S Tayi
- 1] Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02143, USA [2] Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Adrien Kaeser
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Michio Matsumoto
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takuzo Aida
- 1] Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan [2] RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Samuel I Stupp
- 1] Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA [2] Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA [3] Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, 251 East Huron Street, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA [4] Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, 303 East Superior Street, Suite 11-131, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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39
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Abstract
Once seldom encountered outside of a few laboratories, carboranes are now everywhere, playing a role in the development of a broad range of technologies encompassing organic synthesis, radionuclide handling, drug design, heat-resistant polymers, cancer therapy, nanomaterials, catalysis, metal-organic frameworks, molecular machines, batteries, electronic devices, and more. This perspective highlights selected examples in which the special attributes of carboranes and metallacarboranes are being exploited for targeted purposes in the laboratory and in the wider world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell N Grimes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901, USA.
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40
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Cipolloni M, Kaleta J, Mašát M, Dron PI, Shen Y, Zhao K, Rogers CT, Shoemaker RK, Michl J. Time-Resolved Fluorescence Anisotropy of Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane/Tolane-Based Molecular Rods Included in Tris( o-phenylenedioxy)cyclotriphosphazene (TPP). THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2015; 119:8805-8820. [PMID: 25937858 PMCID: PMC4415047 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b01960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We examine the fluorescence anisotropy of rod-shaped guests held inside the channels of tris(o-phenylenedioxy)cyclotriphosphazene (TPP) host nanocrystals, characterized by powder X-ray diffraction and solid state NMR spectroscopy. We address two issues: (i) are light polarization measurements on an aqueous colloidal solution of TPP nanocrystals meaningful, or is depolarization by scattering excessive? (ii) Can measurements of the rotational mobility of the included guests be performed at low enough loading levels to suppress depolarization by intercrystallite energy transfer? We find that meaningful measurements are possible and demonstrate that the long axis of molecular rods included in TPP channels performs negligible vibrational motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cipolloni
- Institute of Organic
Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the
Czech Republic, Flemingovo
nám. 2, 16610 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Kaleta
- Institute of Organic
Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the
Czech Republic, Flemingovo
nám. 2, 16610 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Mašát
- Institute of Organic
Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the
Czech Republic, Flemingovo
nám. 2, 16610 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Paul I. Dron
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Yongqiang Shen
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Ke Zhao
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Charles T. Rogers
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Richard K. Shoemaker
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Josef Michl
- Institute of Organic
Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the
Czech Republic, Flemingovo
nám. 2, 16610 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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41
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Bleve V, Schäfer C, Franchi P, Silvi S, Mezzina E, Credi A, Lucarini M. Reversible mechanical switching of magnetic interactions in a molecular shuttle. ChemistryOpen 2015; 4:18-21. [PMID: 25861565 PMCID: PMC4380948 DOI: 10.1002/open.201402073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
An acid–base switchable molecular shuttle based on a [2]rotaxane, incorporating stable radical units in both the ring and dumbbell components, is reported. The [2]rotaxane comprises a dibenzo[24]crown-8 ring (DB24C8) interlocked with a dumbbell component that possesses a dialkylammonium (NH2+) and a 4,4′-bipyridinium (BPY2+) recognition site. Deprotonation of the rotaxane NH2+ centers effects a quantitative displacement of the DB24C8 macroring to the BPY2+ recognition site, a process that can be reversed by acid treatment. Interaction between stable 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) radicals connected to the ring and dumbbell components could be switched between noncoupled (three-line electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrum) and coupled (five-line EPR spectrum) upon displacement of the spin-labelled DB24C8 macroring. The complete base- and acid-induced switching cycle of the EPR pattern was repeated six times without an appreciable loss of signal, highlighting the reversibility of the process. Hence, this molecular machine is capable of switching on/off magnetic interactions by chemically driven reversible mechanical effects. A system of this kind represents an initial step towards a new generation of nanoscale magnetic switches that may be of interest for a variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Bleve
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna (Italy)
| | - Christian Schäfer
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna (Italy)
| | - Paola Franchi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna (Italy)
| | - Serena Silvi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna (Italy)
| | - Elisabetta Mezzina
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna (Italy)
| | - Alberto Credi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna (Italy)
| | - Marco Lucarini
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna (Italy)
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42
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Bracco S, Beretta M, Cattaneo A, Comotti A, Falqui A, Zhao K, Rogers C, Sozzani P. Dipolar Rotors Orderly Aligned in Mesoporous Fluorinated Organosilica Architectures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201412412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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43
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Bracco S, Beretta M, Cattaneo A, Comotti A, Falqui A, Zhao K, Rogers C, Sozzani P. Dipolar Rotors Orderly Aligned in Mesoporous Fluorinated Organosilica Architectures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:4773-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201412412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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44
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Jiménez-García C, Arcos-Ramos R, Méndez-Stivalet JM, Santillan R, Farfán N. Synthesis and characterization of dissymmetric molecular rotors based on 1,4-diethynylphenylene rotators and steroidal/trityl type stators. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-015-1412-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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45
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Arcos-Ramos R, Rodriguez-Molina B, Gonzalez-Rodriguez E, Ramirez-Montes PI, Ochoa ME, Santillan R, Farfán N, Garcia-Garibay MA. Crystalline arrays of molecular rotors with TIPS-trityl and phenolic-trityl stators using phenylene, 1,2-difluorophenylene and pyridine rotators. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra07422c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular rotors based on substituted-trityl stators provide crystalline arrays capable of supporting different rotators through non-covalent interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Arcos-Ramos
- Facultad de Química
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- 04510 México
- México
| | - Braulio Rodriguez-Molina
- Instituto de Química
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Circuito Exterior
- Ciudad Universitaria
- 04510 México
| | - E. Gonzalez-Rodriguez
- Facultad de Química
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- 04510 México
- México
| | | | - Maria Eugenia Ochoa
- Departamento de Química
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del IPN
- México
- México
| | - Rosa Santillan
- Departamento de Química
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del IPN
- México
- México
| | - Norberto Farfán
- Facultad de Química
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- 04510 México
- México
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46
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Cao ZQ, Li H, Yao J, Zou L, Qu DH, Tian H. A Perylene-Bridged Switchable [3]Rotaxane Molecular Shuttle with a Fluorescence Output. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201402201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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47
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Bassanetti I, Comotti A, Sozzani P, Bracco S, Calestani G, Mezzadri F, Marchiò L. Porous Molecular Crystals by Macrocyclic Coordination Supramolecules. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:14883-95. [DOI: 10.1021/ja507555j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Bassanetti
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Parma, viale delle
Scienze 17/a, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Angiolina Comotti
- Department
of Materials Science, University of Milano Bicocca, via Roberto
Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Piero Sozzani
- Department
of Materials Science, University of Milano Bicocca, via Roberto
Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Bracco
- Department
of Materials Science, University of Milano Bicocca, via Roberto
Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Gianluca Calestani
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Parma, viale delle
Scienze 17/a, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Francesco Mezzadri
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Parma, viale delle
Scienze 17/a, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Luciano Marchiò
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Parma, viale delle
Scienze 17/a, 43124 Parma, Italy
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48
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Abstract
We examine a simple model of rotaxane structure, with 3 asymmetric rings interacting via repulsive power-law forces. This interlocked molecule exhibits conformational isomerisation which is different from that of molecules whose connectedness is through covalent bonds. The rings are free to translate along and rotate around the axle, and hence weak interaction forces between the rings can lead to distinct rotamer states. We use energy minimisation to determine these states exactly, and show that there can be transitions from asymmetric to symmetric states by varying the bond lengths. We also use classical statistical mechanics to show the effect of thermal noise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith M Sevick
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
| | - David R M Williams
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
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49
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Yao J, Li H, Xu YN, Wang QC, Qu DH. Efficient Intramolecular Energy Transfer between Two Fluorophores in a Bis-Branched [3]Rotaxane. Chem Asian J 2014; 9:3482-90. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201402789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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50
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Brus J, Zhigunov A, Czernek J, Kobera L, Uchman M, Matějíček P. Control over the Self-Assembly and Dynamics of Metallacarborane Nanorotors by the Nature of the Polymer Matrix: A Solid-State NMR Study. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma501117a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Brus
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, v.v.i., Academy
of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovský Sq. 2, 16206 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Alexander Zhigunov
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, v.v.i., Academy
of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovský Sq. 2, 16206 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Czernek
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, v.v.i., Academy
of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovský Sq. 2, 16206 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Kobera
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, v.v.i., Academy
of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovský Sq. 2, 16206 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Mariusz Uchman
- Department
of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030, 128
40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Matějíček
- Department
of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030, 128
40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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