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Piskorz TK, Lee B, Zhan S, Duarte F. Metallicious: Automated Force-Field Parameterization of Covalently Bound Metals for Supramolecular Structures. J Chem Theory Comput 2024. [PMID: 39373209 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.4c00850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
Metal ions play a central, functional, and structural role in many molecular structures, from small catalysts to metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and proteins. Computational studies of these systems typically employ classical or quantum mechanical approaches or a combination of both. Among classical models, only the covalent metal model reproduces both geometries and charge transfer effects but requires time-consuming parameterization, especially for supramolecular systems containing repetitive units. To streamline this process, we introduce metallicious, a Python tool designed for efficient force-field parameterization of supramolecular structures. Metallicious has been tested on diverse systems including supramolecular cages, knots, and MOFs. Our benchmarks demonstrate that parameters accurately reproduce the reference properties obtained from quantum calculations and crystal structures. Molecular dynamics simulations of the generated structures consistently yield stable simulations in explicit solvent, in contrast to similar simulations performed with nonbonded and cationic dummy models. Overall, metallicious facilitates the atomistic modeling of supramolecular systems, key for understanding their dynamic properties and host-guest interactions. The tool is freely available on GitHub (https://github.com/duartegroup/metallicious).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz K Piskorz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K
| | - Bernadette Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K
| | - Shaoqi Zhan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K
- Department of Chemistry─Ångström, Ångströmlaboratoriet Box 523, Uppsala S-751 20, Sweden
| | - Fernanda Duarte
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K
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2
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Lin SW, Lam PK, Wu CT, Su KH, Sung CF, Huang SR, Chang JW, Shih O, Yeh YQ, Vo TH, Tsao HK, Hsieh HT, Jeng US, Shieh FK, Yang HC. Decoding the Biomimetic Mineralization of Metal-Organic Frameworks in Water. ACS NANO 2024; 18:25170-25182. [PMID: 39189348 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c07276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
This study unveils the "green" metal-organic framework (MOF) structuring mechanism by decoding proton transfer in water during ZIF-8 synthesis. Combining in situ small- to wide-angle X-ray scattering, multiscale simulations, and quantum calculations, we reveal that the ZIF-8 early-stage nucleation and crystallization process in aqueous solution unfolds in three distinct stages. In stage I, imidazole ligands replace water in zinc-water cages, triggering an "acidity flip" that promotes proton transfer. This leads to the assembly of structures from single zinc ions to 3D amorphous cluster nuclei. In stage II, amorphous nuclei undergo a critical transformation, evolving into crystalline nuclei and subsequently forming mesoscale-ordered structures and crystallites. The process proceeds until the amorphous precursors are completely consumed, with the transformation kinetics governed by an energy barrier that determines the rate-limiting step. In stage III, stable crystallite nanoparticles form in solution, characterized by a temperature-dependent thermal equilibrium of molecular interactions at the crystal-solution interface. Beyond these core advancements, we explore the influence of encapsulated pepsin and nonencapsulated lysozyme on ZIF-8 formation, finding that their amino acid proton transfer capacity and concentration influence the resulting biomolecule-MOF composite's shape and encapsulation efficiency. The findings contribute to understanding the molecular mechanisms behind biomimetic mineralization and have potential implications for engineering proteins within amorphous MOF nuclei as protein embryo growth sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Wei Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan
| | - Phuc Khanh Lam
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Teng Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Hsuan Su
- Department of Chemistry, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Fang Sung
- Department of Chemistry, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan
| | - Sen-Ruo Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan
| | - Je-Wei Chang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan
| | - Orion Shih
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Qi Yeh
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan
| | - Trung Hieu Vo
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Heng-Kwong Tsao
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Haw-Ting Hsieh
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California at Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - U-Ser Jeng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering & College of Semiconductor Research, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
| | - Fa-Kuen Shieh
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Ching Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan
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3
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Piskorz TK, Martí-Centelles V, Spicer RL, Duarte F, Lusby PJ. Picking the lock of coordination cage catalysis. Chem Sci 2023; 14:11300-11331. [PMID: 37886081 PMCID: PMC10599471 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02586a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The design principles of metallo-organic assembly reactions have facilitated access to hundreds of coordination cages of varying size and shape. Many of these assemblies possess a well-defined cavity capable of hosting a guest, pictorially mimicking the action of a substrate binding to the active site of an enzyme. While there are now a growing collection of coordination cages that show highly proficient catalysis, exhibiting both excellent activity and efficient turnover, this number is still small compared to the vast library of metal-organic structures that are known. In this review, we will attempt to unpick and discuss the key features that make an effective coordination cage catalyst, linking structure to activity (and selectivity) using lessons learnt from both experimental and computational analysis of the most notable exemplars. We will also provide an outlook for this area, reasoning why coordination cages have the potential to become the gold-standard in (synthetic) non-covalent catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz K Piskorz
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Vicente Martí-Centelles
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València Camino de Vera, s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
| | - Rebecca L Spicer
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University Lancaster LA14YB UK
| | - Fernanda Duarte
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Paul J Lusby
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh Edinburgh Scotland EH9 3FJ UK
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4
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Takahashi S, Iuchi S, Hiraoka S, Sato H. Theoretical and computational methodologies for understanding coordination self-assembly complexes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:14659-14671. [PMID: 37051715 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp00082f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
This perspective highlights three theoretical and computational methods to capture the coordination self-assembly processes at the molecular level: quantum chemical modeling, molecular dynamics, and reaction network analysis. These methods cover the different scales from the metal-ligand bond to a more global aspect, and approaches that are best suited to understand the coordination self-assembly from different perspectives are introduced. Theoretical and numerical researches based on these methods are not merely ways of interpreting the experimental studies but complementary to them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Takahashi
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan.
| | - Satoru Iuchi
- Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Shuichi Hiraoka
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan.
| | - Hirofumi Sato
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
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5
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Horvath I, Wales DJ, Fejer SN. Design of self-assembling mesoscopic Goldberg polyhedra. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:4272-4278. [PMID: 36321154 PMCID: PMC9552754 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00447j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Palladium ions complexed with nonlinear bidentate ligands have been shown to form hollow, spherical shells with high symmetries. We show that such structures can be reproduced using model anisotropic mesoscale building blocks featuring excluded volume and long-range ionic interactions. A linear building block with a central charged particle, in combination with a bent 'ligand' particle with opposite charges at the ends is sufficient to drive the system towards planar coordination, and the charge ratio determines the coordination number. Similar to the molecular systems, the bend in the 'ligand' particle determines the curvature of the shells that these building blocks prefer. Besides reproducing exotic structures such as M30L60 and M48L96 tetravalent Goldberg polyhedra, we identify highly cooperative single transition state rearrangements between low-energy competing structures as well, corresponding to rotatory motions of a planar subunit within the spherical shell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Istvan Horvath
- Provitam Foundation Caisului Street 16 Cluj-Napoca Romania
- University of Pécs, Institute of Chemistry 6 Ifjúság Street Pécs Hungary
| | - David J Wales
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Szilard N Fejer
- Provitam Foundation Caisului Street 16 Cluj-Napoca Romania
- University of Pécs, Institute of Chemistry 6 Ifjúság Street Pécs Hungary
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6
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Xu C, Lin Q, Shan C, Han X, Wang H, Wang H, Zhang W, Chen Z, Guo C, Xie Y, Yu X, Song B, Song H, Wojtas L, Li X. Metallo‐Supramolecular Octahedral Cages with Three Types of Chirality towards Spontaneous Resolution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203099. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Jiangsu University of Science and Technology Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212100 China
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Quanjie Lin
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Chuan Shan
- Department of Chemistry University of South Florida Tampa FL 33620 USA
| | - Xin Han
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan 450001 China
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Jiangsu University of Science and Technology Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212100 China
| | - Heng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
- Shenzhen University General Hospital Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy Shenzhen Guangdong 518071 China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan 450001 China
| | - Zhi Chen
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Chenxing Guo
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Yinghao Xie
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Xiujun Yu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Bo Song
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Heng Song
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Jiangsu University of Science and Technology Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212100 China
| | - Lukasz Wojtas
- Department of Chemistry University of South Florida Tampa FL 33620 USA
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
- Shenzhen University General Hospital Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy Shenzhen Guangdong 518071 China
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7
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Piskorz TK, Martí-Centelles V, Young TA, Lusby PJ, Duarte F. Computational Modeling of Supramolecular Metallo-organic Cages-Challenges and Opportunities. ACS Catal 2022; 12:5806-5826. [PMID: 35633896 PMCID: PMC9127791 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled metallo-organic cages have emerged as promising biomimetic platforms that can encapsulate whole substrates akin to an enzyme active site. Extensive experimental work has enabled access to a variety of structures, with a few notable examples showing catalytic behavior. However, computational investigations of metallo-organic cages are scarce, not least due to the challenges associated with their modeling and the lack of accurate and efficient protocols to evaluate these systems. In this review, we discuss key molecular principles governing the design of functional metallo-organic cages, from the assembly of building blocks through binding and catalysis. For each of these processes, computational protocols will be reviewed, considering their inherent strengths and weaknesses. We will demonstrate that while each approach may have its own specific pitfalls, they can be a powerful tool for rationalizing experimental observables and to guide synthetic efforts. To illustrate this point, we present several examples where modeling has helped to elucidate fundamental principles behind molecular recognition and reactivity. We highlight the importance of combining computational and experimental efforts to speed up supramolecular catalyst design while reducing time and resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz K. Piskorz
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United
Kingdom
| | - Vicente Martí-Centelles
- Instituto
Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular
y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat
Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - Tom A. Young
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United
Kingdom
| | - Paul J. Lusby
- EaStCHEM
School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster
Road, Edinburgh, Scotland EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Fernanda Duarte
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United
Kingdom
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8
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Howlader P, Ahmed S, Mondal S, Zangrando E, Mukherjee PS. Conformation-Selective Self-Assembly of Pd 6 Trifacial Molecular Barrels Using a Tetrapyridyl Ligand. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:8121-8125. [PMID: 35559685 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A conformationally flexible tetrapyridyl ligand L was assembled separately with three cis-blocked 90° PdII acceptors (M1, M2, and M3) containing different blocking diamines. Surprisingly, different conformations of the donor L were arrested by the acceptors depending on the nature of the blocking amine, leading to the formation of isomeric Pd6 barrels (B1, B2, and B3). B2 and B3 with larger windows have been used to encapsulate polyaromatic hydrocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prodip Howlader
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Shakil Ahmed
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Surajit Mondal
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Ennio Zangrando
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | - Partha Sarathi Mukherjee
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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9
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Xu C, Lin Q, Shan C, Han X, Wang H, Wang H, Zhang W, Chen Z, Guo C, Xie Y, Yu X, Song B, Song H, Wojtas L, Li X. Metallo‐Supramolecular Octahedral Cages with Three Types of Chirality towards Spontaneous Resolution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Jiangsu University of Science and Technology Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212100 China
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Quanjie Lin
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Chuan Shan
- Department of Chemistry University of South Florida Tampa FL 33620 USA
| | - Xin Han
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan 450001 China
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Jiangsu University of Science and Technology Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212100 China
| | - Heng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
- Shenzhen University General Hospital Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy Shenzhen Guangdong 518071 China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan 450001 China
| | - Zhi Chen
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Chenxing Guo
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Yinghao Xie
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Xiujun Yu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Bo Song
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Heng Song
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Jiangsu University of Science and Technology Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212100 China
| | - Lukasz Wojtas
- Department of Chemistry University of South Florida Tampa FL 33620 USA
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
- Shenzhen University General Hospital Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy Shenzhen Guangdong 518071 China
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10
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Tarzia A, Jelfs KE. Unlocking the computational design of metal-organic cages. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:3717-3730. [PMID: 35229861 PMCID: PMC8932387 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00532h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Metal-organic cages are macrocyclic structures that can possess an intrinsic void that can hold molecules for encapsulation, adsorption, sensing, and catalysis applications. As metal-organic cages may be comprised from nearly any combination of organic and metal-containing components, cages can form with diverse shapes and sizes, allowing for tuning toward targeted properties. Therefore, their near-infinite design space is almost impossible to explore through experimentation alone and computational design can play a crucial role in exploring new systems. Although high-throughput computational design and screening workflows have long been known as powerful tools in drug and materials discovery, their application in exploring metal-organic cages is more recent. We show examples of structure prediction and host-guest/catalytic property evaluation of metal-organic cages. These examples are facilitated by advances in methods that handle metal-containing systems with improved accuracy and are the beginning of the development of automated cage design workflows. We finally outline a scope for how high-throughput computational methods can assist and drive experimental decisions as the field pushes toward functional and complex metal-organic cages. In particular, we highlight the importance of considering realistic, flexible systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Tarzia
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - Kim E Jelfs
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK.
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11
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Improved Recovery and Selectivity of Lanthanide-Ion-Binding Cyclic Peptide Hosts by Changing the Position of Acidic Amino Acids. MINERALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/min12020148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The development of an effective host molecule to separate lanthanide (Ln) ions and a method for predicting its guest recognition/self-assembly behavior based on primary chemical structures are highly sought after in both academia and industry. Herein, we report the improvement of one-pot Ln ion recovery and a performance prediction method for four new cyclic peptide hosts that differ in the position of acidic amino acids. These cyclic peptide hosts could recognize Ln3+ directly through a 1:1 complexation–precipitation process and exhibited high Lu3+ selectivity in spite of similar ion size and electronegativity when the positions of the acidic amino acids were changed. This unpredictable selectivity was explained by considering the dipole moment, lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, and cohesion energy. In addition, a semi-empirical function using these parameters was proposed for screening the sequence and estimating the isolated yields without long-time molecular dynamics calculations. The insights obtained from this study can be employed for the development of high-performance peptides for the selective recovery of Ln and other metal ions, as well as for the construction of diverse supramolecular recognition systems.
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12
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He S, Zhang M, Xue B, Lai Y, Li M, Yin P. Surface Functionality-Regulated and Entropy-Driven Thermodynamics of the Formation of Coordination Nanocages. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:13229-13234. [PMID: 34807602 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c06690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Coordination nanocages (CNCs) are under intense research in nanoscience and supramolecular chemistry for their enriched surface functionalities and micro-porosity; however, the understanding of their formation mechanism is still poor due to the difficulty in probing their solution structures. Herein, the CNC formation process from the coordination complexation of the macromolecular isophthalic acid (IPA) ligand and Cu2+ is studied via isothermal titration calorimetry, and its entropy-driven feature is revealed to be originated from the collapse of solvation layers of the assembly units. The CNC formation is thermodynamically less favored with smaller binding constants when the sizes of macromolecular IPA ligands are larger, which originated from the space crowding of macromolecules of the ligands on CNC surfaces and the resulting entropy loss of polymer chain conformations. Meanwhile, the chemical equilibrium of CNC formation can be tuned upon altering the Cu2+/IPA ratio, and the yield of CNCs, suggested from size exclusion chromatography studies, decreases when excessive Cu2+ is applied, providing guidelines for CNC design and synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqian He
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology & State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Mingxin Zhang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology & State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Binghui Xue
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology & State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yuyan Lai
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology & State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Mu Li
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology & State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Panchao Yin
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology & State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
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13
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Tateishi T, Takahashi S, Kikuchi I, Aratsu K, Sato H, Hiraoka S. Unexpected Self-Assembly Pathway to a Pd(II) Coordination Square-Based Pyramid and Its Preferential Formation beyond the Boltzmann Distribution. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:16678-16685. [PMID: 34652136 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Experimental and theoretical investigations of the self-assembly process of a Pd(II) coordination M6L4 square-based pyramid (SP) were conducted. It was found that the probable self-assembly pathway, in which the dimerization of M2L2 with two M leads to SP, expected from the connectivity of the building blocks is not a major self-assembly pathway to the M6L4 SP. Whether the M6L4 SP is assembled or M2L2 is trapped is determined by an inter- or intramolecular reaction in a chain-like M2L2X, where X is a leaving ligand. The kinetically trapped state where the M6L4 SP is produced from M2L2 beyond the Boltzmann distribution was realized by a concentration-induced process and was kept for at least 2 months at 298 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Tateishi
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takahashi
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Isamu Kikuchi
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Keisuke Aratsu
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sato
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.,Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.,Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
| | - Shuichi Hiraoka
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
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14
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Modeling the Layer-by-Layer Growth of HKUST-1 Metal-Organic Framework Thin Films. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11071631. [PMID: 34206191 PMCID: PMC8304807 DOI: 10.3390/nano11071631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Metal organic frameworks have emerged as an important new class of materials with many applications, such as sensing, gas separation, drug delivery. In many cases, their performance is limited by structural defects, including vacancies and domain boundaries. In the case of MOF thin films, surface roughness can also have a pronounced influence on MOF-based device properties. Presently, there is little systematic knowledge about optimal growth conditions with regard to optimal morphologies for specific applications. In this work, we simulate the layer-by-layer (LbL) growth of the HKUST-1 MOF as a function of temperature and reactant concentration using a coarse-grained model that permits detailed insights into the growth mechanism. This model helps to understand the morphological features of HKUST-1 grown under different conditions and can be used to predict and optimize the temperature for the purpose of controlling the crystal quality and yield. It was found that reactant concentration affects the mass deposition rate, while its effect on the crystallinity of the generated HKUST-1 film is less pronounced. In addition, the effect of temperature on the surface roughness of the film can be divided into three regimes. Temperatures in the range from 10 to 129 °C allow better control of surface roughness and film thickness, while film growth in the range of 129 to 182 °C is characterized by a lower mass deposition rate per cycle and rougher surfaces. Finally, for T larger than 182 °C, the film grows slower, but in a smooth fashion. Furthermore, the potential effect of temperature on the crystallinity of LbL-grown HKUST-1 was quantified. To obtain high crystallinity, the operating temperature should preferably not exceed 57 °C, with an optimum around 28 °C, which agrees with experimental observations.
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15
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Zhang M, He S, Zou Q, Li ZA, Lai Y, Chen K, Ma L, Yin JF, Li M, He C, Ke Y, Yin P. Unique Dynamics of Hierarchical Constrained Macromolecular Ligands on Coordination Nanocage Surface Promotes Facile and Precise Assembly of Polymers. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:5395-5403. [PMID: 34080876 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With access to the solution structures of nanocomposites of coordination nanocages (CNCs) via scattering and chromatography techniques, their mysterious solution dynamics have been, for the first time, resolved, and interestingly, the surface macromolecules can be substituted by extra free macromolecules in solutions. Obvious exchange of macromolecules can be observed in the solution mixtures of CNC nanocomposites at high temperatures, revising the understanding of the dynamics of CNC nanocomposites. Being distinct from nanocomposites of a simple coordination complex, the quantified solution dynamics of CNC nanocomposites indicates a typical logarithmic time dependence with the dissociation of surface macromolecules as the thermodynamically limiting step, suggesting strongly coupled and hierarchically constrained dynamics among the surface macromolecules. Their dynamics can be activated only upon application of high temperature or selected solvents, and therefore, the rational design of polymer assemblies, for example, hybrid-arm star polymers with precisely controlled compositions and reprocessable, robust CNC-cross-linked supramolecular polymer networks, is facilitated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxin Zhang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology & State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shuqian He
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology & State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Qin Zou
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology & State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zi-Ang Li
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology & State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yuyan Lai
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology & State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Kun Chen
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology & State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Litao Ma
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology & State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jia-Fu Yin
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology & State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Mu Li
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology & State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Chunyong He
- China Spallation Neutron Source, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dongguan 523000, China
| | - Yubin Ke
- China Spallation Neutron Source, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dongguan 523000, China
| | - Panchao Yin
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology & State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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16
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Weng J, Yang M, Wang W, Xu X, Tian Z. Revealing Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Lipid Self-Assembly by Markov State Model Analysis. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:21344-21352. [PMID: 33314927 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembly is ubiquitous in the realm of biology and has become an elegant bottom-up approach to fabricate new materials. Although molecular dynamics (MD) simulations can complement experiments by providing the missing atomic details, it still remains a grand challenge to reveal the thermodynamic and kinetic information on a self-assembly system. In this work, we demonstrate for the first time that the Markov state model analysis can be used to delineate the variation of free energy during the self-assembly process of a typical amphiphilic lipid dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylcholine (DPPC). Free energy profiles against the solvent-accessible surface area and the root-mean-square deviation have been derived from extensive MD results of more than five hundred trajectories, which identified a metastable crossing-cylinder (CC) state and a transition state of the distorted bilayer with a free energy barrier of ∼0.02 kJ mol-1 per DPPC lipid, clarifying a long-standing speculation for 20 years that there exists a free energy barrier during lipid self-assembly. Our simulations also unearth two mesophase structures at the early stage of self-assembly, discovering two assembling pathways to the CC state that have never been reported before. Further thermodynamic analysis derives the contributions from the enthalpy and the entropy terms to the free energy, demonstrating the critical role played by the enthalpy-entropy compensation. Our strategy opens the door to quantitatively understand the self-assembly processes in general and provides new opportunities for identifying common thermodynamic and kinetic patterns in different self-assembly systems and inspiring new ideas for experiments. It may also contribute to the refinement of force field parameters of various self-assembly systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Weng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Maohua Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Wenning Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhongqun Tian
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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17
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Poole DA, Bobylev EO, Mathew S, Reek JNH. Topological prediction of palladium coordination cages. Chem Sci 2020; 11:12350-12357. [PMID: 34094444 PMCID: PMC8162455 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03992f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The preparation of functionalized, heteroleptic PdxL2x coordination cages is desirable for catalytic and optoelectronic applications. Current rational design of these cages uses the angle between metal-binding (∠B) sites of the di(pyridyl)arene linker to predict the topology of homoleptic cages obtained via non-covalent chemistry. However, this model neglects the contributions of steric bulk between the pyridyl residues—a prerequisite for endohedrally functionalized cages, and fails to rationalize heteroleptic cages. We describe a classical mechanics (CM) approach to predict the topological outcomes of PdxL2x coordination cage formation with arbitrary linker combinations, accounting for the electronic effects of coordination and steric effects of linker structure. Initial validation of our CM method with reported homoleptic Pd12LFu24 (LFu = 2,5-bis(pyridyl)furan) assembly suggested the formation of a minor topology Pd15LFu30, identified experimentally by mass spectrometry. Application to heteroleptic cage systems employing mixtures of LFu (∠B = 127°) and its thiophene congener LTh (∠B = 149° ∠Bexp = 152.4°) enabled prediction of Pd12L24 and Pd24L48 coordination cages formation, reliably emulating experimental data. Finally, the topological outcome for exohedrally (LEx) and endohedrally (LEn) functionalized heteroleptic PdxL2x coordination cages were predicted to assess the effect of steric bulk on both topological outcomes and coordination cage yields, with comparisons drawn to experimental data. A molecular mechanics approach enables the accurate prediction of polyhedral topology for homoleptic and heteroleptic palladium MxL2x coordination cages, allowing for new insight and design when considering endo- and exo-hedral functionalization.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Poole
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular, and Bio-inspired Catalysis Group, van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Science (HIMS), University of Amsterdam (UvA) Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Eduard O Bobylev
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular, and Bio-inspired Catalysis Group, van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Science (HIMS), University of Amsterdam (UvA) Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Simon Mathew
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular, and Bio-inspired Catalysis Group, van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Science (HIMS), University of Amsterdam (UvA) Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Joost N H Reek
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular, and Bio-inspired Catalysis Group, van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Science (HIMS), University of Amsterdam (UvA) Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
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18
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Khalil G, Barloy L, Kyritsakas N, Kauffmann B, Chaumont A, Henry M, Mobian P. Symmetry Decrease between Self‐Assembled Circular TiO
4
N
2
‐Based Helicates. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georges Khalil
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Etat Solide UMR 7140 UDS‐CNRS Université de Strasbourg 4 rue Blaise Pascal F‐67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Laurent Barloy
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Etat Solide UMR 7140 UDS‐CNRS Université de Strasbourg 4 rue Blaise Pascal F‐67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Nathalie Kyritsakas
- Laboratoire de Tectonique Moléculaire UMR 7140 UDS‐CNRS Université de Strasbourg 4 rue Blaise Pascal F‐67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Brice Kauffmann
- IECB, UMS 3033/US 001 Univ. Bordeaux 2 rue Robert Escarpit 33607 Pessac France
| | - Alain Chaumont
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Etat Solide UMR 7140 UDS‐CNRS Université de Strasbourg 4 rue Blaise Pascal F‐67000 Strasbourg France
- Laboratoire de Modélisation et Simulations Moléculaires UMR 7140 UDS‐CNRS Université de Strasbourg 4 rue Blaise Pascal F‐67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Marc Henry
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Etat Solide UMR 7140 UDS‐CNRS Université de Strasbourg 4 rue Blaise Pascal F‐67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Pierre Mobian
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Etat Solide UMR 7140 UDS‐CNRS Université de Strasbourg 4 rue Blaise Pascal F‐67000 Strasbourg France
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19
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García-Simón C, Colomban C, Çetin YA, Gimeno A, Pujals M, Ubasart E, Fuertes-Espinosa C, Asad K, Chronakis N, Costas M, Jiménez-Barbero J, Feixas F, Ribas X. Complete Dynamic Reconstruction of C60, C70, and (C59N)2 Encapsulation into an Adaptable Supramolecular Nanocapsule. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:16051-16063. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c07591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina García-Simón
- Institut de Quı́mica Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Quı́mica, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona E-17003, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Cédric Colomban
- Institut de Quı́mica Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Quı́mica, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona E-17003, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Yarkin Aybars Çetin
- Institut de Quı́mica Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Quı́mica, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona E-17003, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ana Gimeno
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48170 Derio, Spain
| | - Míriam Pujals
- Institut de Quı́mica Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Quı́mica, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona E-17003, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ernest Ubasart
- Institut de Quı́mica Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Quı́mica, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona E-17003, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Carles Fuertes-Espinosa
- Institut de Quı́mica Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Quı́mica, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona E-17003, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Karam Asad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, University str. 1, Building No. 13, 2109 Aglantzia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Nikos Chronakis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, University str. 1, Building No. 13, 2109 Aglantzia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Miquel Costas
- Institut de Quı́mica Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Quı́mica, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona E-17003, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48170 Derio, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 13, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
- Department of Organic Chemistry II, Faculty of Science & Technology, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Ferran Feixas
- Institut de Quı́mica Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Quı́mica, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona E-17003, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Xavi Ribas
- Institut de Quı́mica Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Quı́mica, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona E-17003, Catalonia, Spain
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20
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Mishra SS, Kompella SVK, Krishnaswamy S, Balasubramanian S, Chand DK. Low-Symmetry Self-Assembled Coordination Complexes with Exclusive Diastereoselectivity: Experimental and Computational Studies. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:12884-12894. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Srabani S. Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Srinath V. K. Kompella
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Shobhana Krishnaswamy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Sundaram Balasubramanian
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Dillip K. Chand
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
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21
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Pai SJ, Lee HW, Han SS. Improved Description of a Coordinate Bond in the ReaxFF Reactive Force Field. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:7293-7299. [PMID: 31709800 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To improve the description of a coordinate bond of the reactive force field (ReaxFF), we have developed ReaxFFcoord by explicitly incorporating the coordinate bond contribution, Ecoord, into the original ReaxFF ( Chenoweth et al. J. Phys. Chem. A 2008 , 112 , 1040 - 1053 ), in which the auxiliary functions are newly suggested to describe the plug-in behavior of lone-pair electrons from a donor atom to a vacant orbital of an acceptor atom. To validate the developed ReaxFFcoord, we tested it in various systems, including a representative coordinate bond-containing molecule, namely, carbon monoxide or ammonia borane. Although the fitting abilities of the ReaxFFcoord and original ReaxFF are similar, their molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are significantly different, where MD simulations employing ReaxFFcoord provide more realistic dynamic behaviors of atoms. It is expected that the ReaxFFcoord will significantly help ReaxFF to successfully extend its applicability to the material and biological systems, including coordinate bonds in organometallic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Jin Pai
- Computational Science Research Center , Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , Hwarangno 14-gil 5 , Seongbuk-gu , Seoul 136-791 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Woo Lee
- Computational Science Research Center , Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , Hwarangno 14-gil 5 , Seongbuk-gu , Seoul 136-791 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Soo Han
- Computational Science Research Center , Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , Hwarangno 14-gil 5 , Seongbuk-gu , Seoul 136-791 , Republic of Korea
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22
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Wells SA, Cessford NF, Seaton NA, Düren T. Early stages of phase selection in MOF formation observed in molecular Monte Carlo simulations. RSC Adv 2019; 9:14382-14390. [PMID: 35519296 PMCID: PMC9064057 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra01504c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal–organic frameworks (MOF) comprising metal nodes bridged by organic linkers show great promise because of their guest-specific gas sorption, separation, drug-delivery, and catalytic properties. The selection of metal node, organic linker, and synthesis conditions in principle offers engineered control over both structure and function. For MOFs to realise their potential and to become more than just promising materials, a degree of predictability in the synthesis and a better understanding of the self-assembly or initial growth processes is of paramount importance. Using cobalt succinate, a MOF that exhibits a variety of phases depending on synthesis temperature and ligand to metal ratio, as proof of concept, we present a molecular Monte Carlo approach that allows us to simulate the early stage of MOF assembly. We introduce a new Contact Cluster Monte Carlo (CCMC) algorithm which uses a system of overlapping “virtual sites” to represent the coordination environment of the cobalt and both metal–metal and metal–ligand associations. Our simulations capture the experimentally observed synthesis phase distinction in cobalt succinate at 348 K. To the best of our knowledge this is the first case in which the formation of different MOF phases as a function of composition is captured by unbiased molecular simulations. The CCMC algorithm is equally applicable to any system in which short-range attractive interactions are a dominant feature, including hydrogen-bonding networks, metal–ligand coordination networks, or the assembly of particles with “sticky” patches, such as colloidal systems or the formation of protein complexes. Clusters produced in simulations of MOF assembly at metal : ligand ratios of (a) 5 : 1 and (b) 1 : 1 with identical interaction potentials.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Wells
- Centre for Advanced Separations Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath Bath UK
| | - Naomi F Cessford
- Institute for Materials and Processes, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
| | | | - Tina Düren
- Centre for Advanced Separations Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath Bath UK
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23
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Kollias L, Cantu DC, Tubbs MA, Rousseau R, Glezakou VA, Salvalaglio M. Molecular Level Understanding of the Free Energy Landscape in Early Stages of Metal–Organic Framework Nucleation. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:6073-6081. [PMID: 30887804 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b01829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Loukas Kollias
- Thomas Young Centre and Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - David C. Cantu
- Basic and Applied Molecular Foundations, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
- Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada 89557, United States
| | - Marcus A. Tubbs
- Basic and Applied Molecular Foundations, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Roger Rousseau
- Basic and Applied Molecular Foundations, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Vassiliki-Alexandra Glezakou
- Basic and Applied Molecular Foundations, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Matteo Salvalaglio
- Thomas Young Centre and Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
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24
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Iioka T, Takahashi S, Yoshida Y, Matsumura Y, Hiraoka S, Sato H. A kinetics study of ligand substitution reaction on dinuclear platinum complexes: Stochastic versus deterministic approach. J Comput Chem 2019; 40:279-285. [PMID: 30299552 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The kinetics on a basic ligand substitution reaction on dinuclear platinum complexes [Pt(PEt3 )2 PhPt(PEt3 )2 ]2+ and [Pt(PEt3 )2 PhCOPhPt(PEt3 )2 ]2+ , with the ligands pyridine and 3-chloropyridine, is studied. This is a fundamental step in a self-assembly, and the time evolution has been observed with a new experimental technique, QASAP (quantitative analysis of self-assembly process), which is recently developed by Hiraoka's group. As a result of numerical calculations based on master equation, we succeed in specifying the reaction rate constants with a simple reaction model. In addition, the time evolutions of all the intermediate components produced and consumed in chemical reaction are revealed, including those unobserved in the experiments. The convergence behavior of the existence ratios of specific chemical species calculated with the stochastic algorithm method is compared with those obtained from deterministic formalism based on rate equations, revealing a clear dependence on the number of constituent molecules. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Iioka
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takahashi
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Yoshida
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Matsumura
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shuichi Hiraoka
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sato
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.,Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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25
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Two polyhedral frameworks of an M12L24 spherical complex revealed by replica-exchange molecular dynamics simulations. Chem Phys Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2018.10.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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26
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Li B, He T, Fan Y, Yuan X, Qiu H, Yin S. Recent developments in the construction of metallacycle/metallacage-cored supramolecular polymers via hierarchical self-assembly. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:8036-8059. [PMID: 31206102 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc02472g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular polymers have received considerable attention during the last few decades due to their scientific value in polymer chemistry and profound implications for future developments of advanced materials. Discrete supramolecular coordination complexes (SCCs) with well-defined size, shape, and geometry have been widely employed to construct hierarchical systems by coordination-driven self-assembly with the spontaneous formation of metal-ligand bonds, which results in the formation of well-defined two-dimensional (2D) metallacycles or three-dimensional (3D) metallacages with high functionalities. The incorporation of discrete SCCs into supramolecular polymers by the orthogonal combination of metal-ligand coordination and other noncovalent interactions or covalent bonding could further facilitate the construction of novel supramolecular polymers with hierarchical architectures and multiple functions including controllable uptake and release of guest molecules, providing a flexible platform for the development of smart materials. In this review, the recent progress in metallacycle/metallacage-cored supramolecular polymers that were constructed by the combination of metal-ligand interactions and other orthogonal interactions (including hydrophobic or hydrophilic interactions, hydrogen bonding, van der Waals forces, π-π stacking, electrostatic interactions, host-guest interactions and covalent bonding) has been discussed. In addition, the potential applications of metallacycle/metallacage-cored supramolecular polymers in the areas of light emitting, sensing, bio-imaging, delivery and release, etc., are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, P. R. China.
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27
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Yamamoto T, Arefi H, Shanker S, Sato H, Hiraoka S. Self-Assembly of Nanocubic Molecular Capsules via Solvent-Guided Formation of Rectangular Blocks. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:6082-6088. [PMID: 30274518 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the mechanism underlying the self-assembly of gear-shaped amphiphilic molecules into a highly ordered nanocubic capsule ("nanocube") in aqueous methanol. Simulation results show that the solvent molecules play a significant role in the assembly process by directing the primitive intermediates to orthogonal/rectangular shapes, thus creating appropriate building blocks for cubic assembly while avoiding off-pathway stacked aggregates. Free-energy analyses reveal that the interplay of the direct intermonomer interaction and the solvent-mediated repulsion between large aromatic cores (via preferential solvation of methanol on hydrophobic surfaces) leads to the strong trend for perpendicular binding of monomers and hence the solvent-guided formation of rectangular blocks. Furthermore, we report the self-assembly simulation of the nanocube using replica exchange with solute tempering and demonstrate that the simulation can predict a highly ordered nanocapsule structure, assembly intermediates, and encapsulated molecules, which helps promote computer-aided design of functional molecular self-assemblies in explicit solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University , Kyoto 606-8502 , Japan
| | - Hadi Arefi
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University , Kyoto 606-8502 , Japan
| | - Sudhanshu Shanker
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University , Kyoto 606-8502 , Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sato
- Department of Molecular Engineering , Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University , Kyoto 615-8510 , Japan
| | - Shuichi Hiraoka
- Department of Basic Science , Graduate School of Arts and Science, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo 153-8902 , Japan
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28
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Käseborn M, Holstein JJ, Clever GH, Lützen A. A Rotaxane-like Cage-in-Ring Structural Motif for a Metallosupramolecular Pd 6 L 12 Aggregate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:12171-12175. [PMID: 30040180 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201806814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A BODIPY-based bis(3-pyridyl) ligand undergoes self-assembly upon coordination to tetravalent palladium(II) cations to form a Pd6 L12 metallosupramolecular assembly with an unprecedented structural motif that resembles a rotaxane-like cage-in-ring arrangement. In this assembly the ligand adopts two different conformations-a C-shaped one to form a Pd2 L4 cage which is located in the center of a Pd4 L8 ring consisting of ligands in a W-shaped conformation. This assembly is not mechanically interlocked in the sense of catenation but it is stabilized only by attractive π-stacking between the peripheral BODIPY chromophores and the ligands' skeleton as well as attractive van der Waals interactions between the long alkoxy chains. As a result, the co-arrangement of the two components leads to a very efficient space filling. The overall structure can be described as a rotaxane-like assembly with a metallosupramolecular cage forming the axle in a metallosupramolecular ring. This unique structural motif could be characterized via ESI mass spectrometry, NMR spectroscopy, and X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Käseborn
- Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Julian J Holstein
- Technische Universität Dortmund, Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Guido H Clever
- Technische Universität Dortmund, Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Arne Lützen
- Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
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29
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Käseborn M, Holstein JJ, Clever GH, Lützen A. Ein rotaxanartiges Käfig-im-Ring-Strukturmotiv für ein metallosupramolekulares Pd6
L12
-Aggregat. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201806814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Käseborn
- Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms-Universität Bonn; Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie; Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Julian J. Holstein
- Technische Universität Dortmund; Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie; Otto-Hahn-Straße 6 44227 Dortmund Deutschland
| | - Guido H. Clever
- Technische Universität Dortmund; Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie; Otto-Hahn-Straße 6 44227 Dortmund Deutschland
| | - Arne Lützen
- Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms-Universität Bonn; Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie; Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1 53121 Bonn Deutschland
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30
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Self-Assembly in Polyoxometalate and Metal Coordination-Based Systems: Synthetic Approaches and Developments. INORGANICS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics6030071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Utilizing new experimental approaches and gradual understanding of the underlying chemical processes has led to advances in the self-assembly of inorganic and metal–organic compounds at a very fast pace over the last decades. Exploitation of unveiled information originating from initial experimental observations has sparked the development of new families of compounds with unique structural characteristics and functionalities. The main source of inspiration for numerous research groups originated from the implementation of the design element along with the discovery of new chemical components which can self-assemble into complex structures with wide range of sizes, topologies and functionalities. Not only do self-assembled inorganic and metal–organic chemical systems belong to families of compounds with configurable structures, but also have a vast array of physical properties which reflect the chemical information stored in the various “modular” molecular subunits. The purpose of this short review article is not the exhaustive discussion of the broad field of inorganic and metal–organic chemical systems, but the discussion of some representative examples from each category which demonstrate the implementation of new synthetic approaches and design principles.
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31
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Ghanbari B, Shahhoseini L, Hosseini H, Bagherzadeh M, Owczarzak A, Kubicki M. Synthesis of Pd(II) large dinuclear macrocyclic complex tethered through two dipyridine-bridged aza-crowns as an efficient copper- and phosphine-free Sonogashira catalytic reaction. J Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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32
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Zeng X, Zhu L, Zheng X, Cecchini M, Huang X. Harnessing complexity in molecular self-assembly using computer simulations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:6767-6776. [PMID: 29479585 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp06181a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In molecular self-assembly, hundreds of thousands of freely-diffusing molecules associate to form ordered and functional architectures in the absence of an actuator. This intriguing phenomenon plays a critical role in biology and has become a powerful tool for the fabrication of advanced nanomaterials. Due to the limited spatial and temporal resolutions of current experimental techniques, computer simulations offer a complementary strategy to explore self-assembly with atomic resolution. Here, we review recent computational studies focusing on both thermodynamic and kinetic aspects. As we shall see, thermodynamic approaches based on modeling and statistical mechanics offer initial guidelines to design nanostructures with modest computational effort. Computationally more intensive analyses based on molecular dynamics simulations and kinetic network models (KNMs) reach beyond it, opening the door to the rational design of self-assembly pathways. Current limitations of these methodologies are discussed. We anticipate that the synergistic use of thermodynamic and kinetic analyses based on computer simulations will provide an important contribution to the de novo design of self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangze Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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33
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Kai S, Nakagawa M, Kojima T, Li X, Yamashina M, Yoshizawa M, Hiraoka S. Self-Assembly Process of a Pd2
L4
Capsule: Steric Interactions between Neighboring Components Favor the Formation of Large Intermediates. Chemistry 2018; 24:3965-3969. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shumpei Kai
- Department of Basic Science; Graduate School of Arts and Sciences; The University of Tokyo; 3-8-1 Komaba Meguro-ku Tokyo 153-8902 Japan
| | - Masanori Nakagawa
- Department of Basic Science; Graduate School of Arts and Sciences; The University of Tokyo; 3-8-1 Komaba Meguro-ku Tokyo 153-8902 Japan
| | - Tatsuo Kojima
- Department of Basic Science; Graduate School of Arts and Sciences; The University of Tokyo; 3-8-1 Komaba Meguro-ku Tokyo 153-8902 Japan
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Basic Science; Graduate School of Arts and Sciences; The University of Tokyo; 3-8-1 Komaba Meguro-ku Tokyo 153-8902 Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamashina
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science; Institute of Innovative Research; Tokyo Institute of Technology; 4259 Nagatsuta Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Michito Yoshizawa
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science; Institute of Innovative Research; Tokyo Institute of Technology; 4259 Nagatsuta Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Shuichi Hiraoka
- Department of Basic Science; Graduate School of Arts and Sciences; The University of Tokyo; 3-8-1 Komaba Meguro-ku Tokyo 153-8902 Japan
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34
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Yu HJ, Liu ZM, Pan M, Wu K, Wei ZW, Xu YW, Fan YN, Wang HP, Su CY. Elucidating Anion-Dependent Formation and Conversion of Pd2
L4
and Pd3
L6
Metal-Organic Cages by Complementary Techniques. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201701319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Juan Yu
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Lehn Institute of Functional Materials; School of Chemistry; Sun Yat-Sen University; 510275 Guangzhou China
| | - Zhi-Min Liu
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Lehn Institute of Functional Materials; School of Chemistry; Sun Yat-Sen University; 510275 Guangzhou China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; School of Chemistry; Shanxi University; 030006 Taiyuan China
| | - Mei Pan
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Lehn Institute of Functional Materials; School of Chemistry; Sun Yat-Sen University; 510275 Guangzhou China
| | - Kai Wu
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Lehn Institute of Functional Materials; School of Chemistry; Sun Yat-Sen University; 510275 Guangzhou China
| | - Zhang-Wen Wei
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Lehn Institute of Functional Materials; School of Chemistry; Sun Yat-Sen University; 510275 Guangzhou China
| | - Yao-Wei Xu
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Lehn Institute of Functional Materials; School of Chemistry; Sun Yat-Sen University; 510275 Guangzhou China
| | - Ya-Nan Fan
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Lehn Institute of Functional Materials; School of Chemistry; Sun Yat-Sen University; 510275 Guangzhou China
| | - Hai-Ping Wang
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Lehn Institute of Functional Materials; School of Chemistry; Sun Yat-Sen University; 510275 Guangzhou China
| | - Cheng-Yong Su
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Lehn Institute of Functional Materials; School of Chemistry; Sun Yat-Sen University; 510275 Guangzhou China
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35
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Harada R, Mashiko T, Tachikawa M, Hiraoka S, Shigeta Y. Programed dynamical ordering in self-organization processes of a nanocube: a molecular dynamics study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:9115-9122. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00284c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Self-organization processes of a gear-shaped amphiphile molecule (1) to form a hexameric structure (nanocube,16) were inferred from sequential dissociation processes by using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuhei Harada
- Center for Computational Sciences
- University of Tsukuba
- Ibaraki 305-8577
- Japan
| | - Takako Mashiko
- Quantum Chemistry Division
- Graduate School of NanobioScience
- Yokohama City University
- Yokoyama City
- Japan
| | - Masanori Tachikawa
- Quantum Chemistry Division
- Graduate School of NanobioScience
- Yokohama City University
- Yokoyama City
- Japan
| | - Shuichi Hiraoka
- Department of Basic Science
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo 153-8902
- Japan
| | - Yasuteru Shigeta
- Center for Computational Sciences
- University of Tsukuba
- Ibaraki 305-8577
- Japan
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36
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Deshmukh MS, Mane VS, Kumbhar AS, Boomishankar R. Light-driven Hydrogen Evolution from Water by a Tripodal Silane Based CoII6L18 Octahedral Cage. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:13286-13292. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vishwanath S. Mane
- Department
of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - Avinash S. Kumbhar
- Department
of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
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37
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Mononuclear half-sandwich iridium and rhodium complexes through C‒H activation: Synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity. J Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2017.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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38
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Biswal D, Kusalik PG. Molecular simulations of self-assembly processes in metal-organic frameworks: Model dependence. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:044702. [PMID: 28764378 DOI: 10.1063/1.4994700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular simulation is a powerful tool for investigating microscopic behavior in various chemical systems, where the use of suitable models is critical to successfully reproduce the structural and dynamic properties of the real systems of interest. In this context, molecular dynamics simulation studies of self-assembly processes in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), a well-known class of porous materials with interesting chemical and physical properties, are relatively challenging, where a reasonably accurate representation of metal-ligand interactions is anticipated to play an important role. In the current study, we both investigate the performance of some existing models and introduce and test new models to help explore the self-assembly in an archetypal Zn-carboxylate MOF system. To this end, the behavior of six different Zn-ion models, three solvent models, and two ligand models was examined and validated against key experimental structural parameters. To explore longer time scale ordering events during MOF self-assembly via explicit solvent simulations, it is necessary to identify a suitable combination of simplified model components representing metal ions, organic ligands, and solvent molecules. It was observed that an extended cationic dummy atom (ECDA) Zn-ion model combined with an all-atom carboxylate ligand model and a simple dipolar solvent model can reproduce characteristic experimental structures for the archetypal MOF system. The successful use of these models in extensive sets of molecular simulations, which provide key insights into the self-assembly mechanism of this archetypal MOF system occurring during the early stages of this process, has been very recently reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasmita Biswal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Peter G Kusalik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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39
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Jiang Y, Zhang H, Cui Z, Tan T. Modeling Coordination-Directed Self-Assembly of M 2L 4 Nanocapsule Featuring Competitive Guest Encapsulation. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:2082-2086. [PMID: 28434224 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b00773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Exploring the mechanism of self-assembly and guest encapsulation of nanocapsules is highly imperative for the design of sophisticated molecular containers and multistimuli-responsive functional materials. Here we present a molecular dynamics simulation protocol with implicit solvent and simulated annealing techniques to investigate the self-assembly and competitive guest (C60 and C70 fullerenes) encapsulation of a M2L4 nanocapsule that is self-assembled by the coordination of mercury cations and bent bidentate ligands. Stepwise formation of the nanocapsule and competitive fullerene encapsulation during dynamic structural changes in the self-assembly were detected successfully. Such processes were driven by coordination bonding and π-π stacking and obey the minimum total potential energy principle. Potential of mean force calculations for guest binding to the M2L4 nanocapsule explained the mechanism underlying the competitive encapsulations of C60 and C70. This work helps design new functional nanomaterials capable of guest encapsulation and release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jiang
- Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029, China
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- Department of Biological Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing , 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Ziheng Cui
- Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029, China
| | - Tianwei Tan
- Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029, China
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40
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Ruiz de la Oliva A, Sans V, Miras HN, Long DL, Cronin L. Coding the Assembly of Polyoxotungstates with a Programmable Reaction System. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:5089-5095. [PMID: 28414229 PMCID: PMC5423703 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Chemical transformations are normally conducted in batch or flow mode, thereby allowing the chemistry to be temporally or spatially controlled, but these approaches are not normally combined dynamically. However, the investigation of the underlying chemistry masked by the self-assembly processes that often occur in one-pot reactions and exploitation of the potential of complex chemical systems requires control in both time and space. Additionally, maintaining the intermediate constituents of a self-assembled system "off equilibrium" and utilizing them dynamically at specific time intervals provide access to building blocks that cannot coexist under one-pot conditions and ultimately to the formation of new clusters. Herein, we implement the concept of a programmable networked reaction system, allowing us to connect discrete "one-pot" reactions that produce the building block{W11O38} ≡ {W11} under different conditions and control, in real time, the assembly of a series of polyoxometalate clusters {W12O42} ≡ {W12}, {W22O74} ≡ {W22} 1a, {W34O116} ≡ {W34} 2a, and {W36O120} ≡ {W36} 3a, using pH and ultraviolet-visible monitoring. The programmable networked reaction system reveals that is possible to assemble a range of different clusters using {W11}-based building blocks, demonstrating the relationship between the clusters within the family of iso-polyoxotungstates, with the final structural motif being entirely dependent on the building block libraries generated in each separate reaction space within the network. In total, this approach led to the isolation of five distinct inorganic clusters using a "fixed" set of reagents and using a fully automated sequence code, rather than five entirely different reaction protocols. As such, this approach allows us to discover, record, and implement complex one-pot reaction syntheses in a more general way, increasing the yield and reproducibility and potentially giving access to nonspecialists.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victor Sans
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, U.K.
| | - Haralampos N. Miras
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, U.K.
| | - De-Liang Long
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, U.K.
| | - Leroy Cronin
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, U.K.
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41
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Biswal D, Kusalik PG. Probing Molecular Mechanisms of Self-Assembly in Metal-Organic Frameworks. ACS NANO 2017; 11:258-268. [PMID: 27997790 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b05444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic framework materials (MOFs) are a class of nanoporous materials, important to many applications (e.g., gas storage, separation), and their synthesis has received considerable attention. Yet, very little is known about the mechanisms of self-assembly of MOFs. Here, we provide molecular-level insights into the previously unexplored behavior of the self-assembly process, through molecular dynamics simulations, for an archetypal Zn-carboxylate MOF system exhibiting complex vertex topologies (e.g., paddle-wheel clusters). A key finding of this study is the characterization of a stochastic and multistage ordering process intrinsic to self-assembly of the Zn-carboxylate MOF system. A variety of transient intermediate structures consisting of various types of Zn-ion clusters and carboxylate-ligand coordination, and featuring a range of geometric arrangements, are observed during structural evolution. The general features deduced here for the mechanism of the self-assembly of this archetypal MOF system expose the complexities of the various molecular-level events that can occur during the early stages of this process spanning time scales of nano- to microseconds. More generally, we provide fundamental insights that elucidate key aspects of the early stages of the self-assembly mechanism for an important class of nanoporous materials, and of experimental studies exploring nucleation and growth processes in such materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasmita Biswal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary , 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Peter G Kusalik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary , 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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42
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Matsumura Y, Hiraoka S, Sato H. A reaction model on the self-assembly process of octahedron-shaped coordination capsules. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:20338-20342. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp03493h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Master equation was utilized to track the time evolution in a self-assembly process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shuichi Hiraoka
- Department of Basic Science
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo
- Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sato
- Department of Molecular Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries
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43
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Biswas S, Dolai M, Dutta A, Ali M. Synthesis, structural characterization and DFT calculation on a square-planar Ni(II) complex of a compartmental Schiff base ligand. J Mol Struct 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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44
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Zeng X, Li B, Qiao Q, Zhu L, Lu ZY, Huang X. Elucidating dominant pathways of the nano-particle self-assembly process. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:23494-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp01808d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembly processes play a key role in the fabrication of functional nano-structures with wide application in drug delivery and micro-reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangze Zeng
- Department of Chemistry
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- Kowloon
- Hong Kong
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
| | - Qin Qiao
- Department of Chemistry
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- Kowloon
- Hong Kong
| | - Lizhe Zhu
- Department of Chemistry
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- Kowloon
- Hong Kong
| | - Zhong-Yuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
| | - Xuhui Huang
- Department of Chemistry
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- Kowloon
- Hong Kong
- Division of Biomedical Engineering
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45
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Zhukhovitskiy AV, Zhong M, Keeler EG, Michaelis VK, Sun JEP, Hore MJA, Pochan DJ, Griffin RG, Willard AP, Johnson JA. Highly branched and loop-rich gels via formation of metal-organic cages linked by polymers. Nat Chem 2016; 8:33-41. [PMID: 26673262 PMCID: PMC5418868 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Gels formed via metal-ligand coordination typically have very low branch functionality, f, as they consist of ∼2-3 polymer chains linked to single metal ions that serve as junctions. Thus, these materials are very soft and unable to withstand network defects such as dangling ends and loops. We report here a new class of gels assembled from polymeric ligands and metal-organic cages (MOCs) as junctions. The resulting 'polyMOC' gels are precisely tunable and may feature increased branch functionality. We show two examples of such polyMOCs: a gel with a low f based on a M2L4 paddlewheel cluster junction and a compositionally isomeric one of higher f based on a M12L24 cage. The latter features large shear moduli, but also a very large number of elastically inactive loop defects that we subsequently exchanged for functional ligands, with no impact on the gel's shear modulus. Such a ligand substitution is not possible in gels of low f, including the M2L4-based polyMOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr V Zhukhovitskiy
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Mingjiang Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Eric G Keeler
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Vladimir K Michaelis
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Jessie E P Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 201 DuPont Hall, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - Michael J A Hore
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Darrin J Pochan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 201 DuPont Hall, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - Robert G Griffin
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Adam P Willard
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Jeremiah A Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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46
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Xu L, Wang YX, Yang HB. Recent advances in the construction of fluorescent metallocycles and metallocages via coordination-driven self-assembly. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:867-90. [PMID: 25429665 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt02996h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
During the last few years, the construction of fluorescent metallocycles and metallocages has attracted considerable attention because of their wide applications in fluorescence detection of metal ions, anions, or small molecules, mimicking complicated natural photo-processes, and preparing photoelectric devices, etc. This perspective focuses on the recent advances in the construction of a variety of fluorescent metallocycles and metallocages via coordination-driven self-assembly. In addition, the fluorescence properties and the applications of these organometallic architectures have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, People's Republic of China.
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47
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Cook TR, Stang PJ. Recent Developments in the Preparation and Chemistry of Metallacycles and Metallacages via Coordination. Chem Rev 2015; 115:7001-45. [DOI: 10.1021/cr5005666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1299] [Impact Index Per Article: 144.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R. Cook
- Department
of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, 359 Natural Sciences Complex, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Peter J. Stang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S. 1400 E. Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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48
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Su K, Jiang F, Qian J, Chen L, Pang J, Bawaked SM, Mokhtar M, Al-Thabaiti SA, Hong M. Stepwise Construction of Extra-Large Heterometallic Calixarene-Based Cages. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:3183-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ic502677g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kongzhao Su
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian
Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Feilong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian
Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jinjie Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian
Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian
Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiandong Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian
Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Salem M. Bawaked
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Mokhtar
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaeel A. Al-Thabaiti
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maochun Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian
Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, China
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49
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Lin T, Wu Q, Liu J, Shi Z, Liu PN, Lin N. Thermodynamic versus kinetic control in self-assembly of zero-, one-, quasi-two-, and two-dimensional metal-organic coordination structures. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:101909. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4906174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lin
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziliang Shi
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pei Nian Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, China
| | - Nian Lin
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
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50
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Howlader P, Mukherjee S, Saha R, Mukherjee PS. Conformation-selective coordination-driven self-assembly of a ditopic donor with PdII acceptors. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:20493-501. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt03185k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Different binding conformations of 3-(5-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)pyridine (L) yielded a self-assembled 3D cube and 2D macrocycles selectively depending on the nature of acceptors. Selection of a particular conformation of the donor L by a specific metal acceptor during self-assembly was corroborated well by a theoretical study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prodip Howlader
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore-560012
- India
| | - Sandip Mukherjee
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore-560012
- India
| | - Rajat Saha
- Guru Ghasidas Central University
- Koni
- India
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