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Cui Z, Chin CL, Kurniawan AF, Huang CC, Huang LT, Chao L. Size-selective adhesion of calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals to lipid membranes. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:2274-2281. [PMID: 38345146 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02483k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The retention of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals on cell membranes is pivotal in kidney stone formation. However, the mechanisms underlying COM attachment to neutral lipid membranes remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that COM exhibits size-selective adhesion to fluid lipid membranes composed of lipids with distinct sizes. Specifically, the (100) facet of COM induces the formation of new domains and establishes strong adhesion in the 18:1 (Δ9-Cis) PC (DOPC) membrane, while the (010) facet induces domains with strong adhesion in the 16:0-14:0 PC membrane. This selectivity is linked to the compatibility of the area per lipid in DOPC with the unit cell area of the (100) facet and the area per lipid in 16:0-14:0 PC with the (010) facet. Our Raman spectroscopic analyses reveal that the lipid acyl chains within these induced domains exhibit a higher degree of ordering compared to the typical fluid state of the membrane. This ordered structural alignment, combined with the lateral size-matching effect, suggests the potential formation of molecular arrays within the lipid bilayer that are in harmony with the lattice dimension of COM. To elucidate the strong adhesion between calcium oxalate and the phospholipid head group in the absence of a direct molecular structural correspondence, we propose that crystal water associated with COM can form hydrogen bonds with the phospholipid head group. Using structure visualization software, we demonstrate the feasibility of such hydrogen bonding networks. The formation of this network could serve to stabilize and enhance the attachment of COM to the lipid membrane. This mediation by water molecules offers a plausible explanation for the pronounced affinity at the interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Cui
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Che-Lun Chin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
| | | | - Ching-Chun Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Ling-Ting Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Ling Chao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
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2
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Liu H, Jiang H, Liu X, Wang X. Physicochemical understanding of biomineralization by molecular vibrational spectroscopy: From mechanism to nature. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2023; 3:20230033. [PMID: 38264681 PMCID: PMC10742219 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20230033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The process and mechanism of biomineralization and relevant physicochemical properties of mineral crystals are remarkably sophisticated multidisciplinary fields that include biology, chemistry, physics, and materials science. The components of the organic matter, structural construction of minerals, and related mechanical interaction, etc., could help to reveal the unique nature of the special mineralization process. Herein, the paper provides an overview of the biomineralization process from the perspective of molecular vibrational spectroscopy, including the physicochemical properties of biomineralized tissues, from physiological to applied mineralization. These physicochemical characteristics closely to the hierarchical mineralization process include biological crystal defects, chemical bonding, atomic doping, structural changes, and content changes in organic matter, along with the interface between biocrystals and organic matter as well as the specific mechanical effects for hardness and toughness. Based on those observations, the special physiological properties of mineralization for enamel and bone, as well as the possible mechanism of pathological mineralization and calcification such as atherosclerosis, tumor micro mineralization, and urolithiasis are also reviewed and discussed. Indeed, the clearly defined physicochemical properties of mineral crystals could pave the way for studies on the mechanisms and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical EngineeringSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Hui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical EngineeringSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical EngineeringSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Xuemei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical EngineeringSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
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3
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Lucas IT, Bazin D, Daudon M. Raman opportunities in the field of pathological calcifications. CR CHIM 2022. [DOI: 10.5802/crchim.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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4
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Mazaheri L, Jelken J, Avilés MO, Legge S, Lagugné-Labarthet F. Investigating the Performances of Wide-Field Raman Microscopy with Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Post-Processing. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 76:340-351. [PMID: 35128956 PMCID: PMC8915227 DOI: 10.1177/00037028211056975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy based on localization algorithms has tremendously impacted the field of imaging by improving the spatial resolution of optical measurements with specific blinking fluorophores and concomitant reduction of acquisition time. In vibrational spectroscopy and imaging, various methods have been developed to surpass the diffraction limit including near-field scattering methods, such as in tip-enhanced Raman and infrared spectroscopies. Although these scanning-probe techniques can provide exquisite spatial resolution, they often require long acquisition times and tedious fabrication of nano-scale scanning probes. Herein, stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) protocol is applied on Raman measurements acquired using a wide-field home-built microscopy setup. We explore how the fluctuations of the Raman signal acquired over a series of time-lapse images at specific spectral ranges can be exploited with STORM processing, possibly revealing details with improved spatial resolution, under lower irradiance and with faster acquisition speed that cannot be achieved in point scanning mode over the same field of view. Samples studied here include patterned silicon, polystyrene microspheres on a silicon wafer, and graphene on a silicon/silicon dioxide substrate. The outcome presents an effective way to collect Raman images at selected spectral ranges with spatial resolutions of ∼200 nm over a large field of view under 532 nm excitation together with an acquisition speed improved by two orders of magnitude and under a significantly reduced irradiance compared to confocal laser scanning acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - François Lagugné-Labarthet
- François Lagugné-Labarthet, Department of Chemistry, The Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research (CAMBR), The University of Western Ontario (Western University), 1151 Richmond St., London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada.
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5
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Taylor EA, Donnelly E. Raman and Fourier transform infrared imaging for characterization of bone material properties. Bone 2020; 139:115490. [PMID: 32569874 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As the application of Raman spectroscopy to study bone has grown over the past decade, making it a peer technology to FTIR spectroscopy, it has become critical to understand their complimentary roles. Recent technological advancements have allowed these techniques to collect grids of spectra in a spatially resolved fashion to generate compositional images. The advantage of imaging with these techniques is that it allows the heterogenous bone tissue composition to be resolved and quantified. In this review we compare, for non-experts in the field of vibrational spectroscopy, the instrumentation and underlying physical principles of FTIR imaging (FTIRI) and Raman imaging. Additionally, we discuss the strengths and limitations of FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, address sample preparation, and discuss outcomes to provide researchers insight into which techniques are best suited for a given research question. We then briefly discuss previous applications of FTIRI and Raman imaging to characterize bone tissue composition and relationships of compositional outcomes with mechanical performance. Finally, we discuss emerging technical developments in FTIRI and Raman imaging which provide new opportunities to identify changes in bone tissue composition with disease, age, and drug treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik A Taylor
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Eve Donnelly
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America; Research division, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, United States of America.
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Liu J, Jalali M, Mahshid S, Wachsmann-Hogiu S. Are plasmonic optical biosensors ready for use in point-of-need applications? Analyst 2019; 145:364-384. [PMID: 31832630 DOI: 10.1039/c9an02149c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonics has drawn significant attention in the area of biosensors for decades due to the unique optical properties of plasmonic resonant nanostructures. While the sensitivity and specificity of molecular detection relies significantly on the resonance conditions, significant attention has been dedicated to the design, fabrication, and optimization of plasmonic substrates. The adequate choice of materials, structures, and functionality goes hand in hand with a fundamental understanding of plasmonics to enable the development of practical biosensors that can be deployed in real life situations. Here we provide a brief review of plasmonic biosensors detailing most recent developments and applications. Besides metals, novel plasmonic materials such as graphene are highlighted. Sensors based on Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR), Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR), and Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) are presented and classified based on their materials and structure. In addition, most recent applications to environment monitoring, health diagnosis, and food safety are presented. Potential problems related to the implementation in such applications are discussed and an outlook is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Mahsa Jalali
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Sara Mahshid
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Li B, Gao P, Zhang H, Guo Z, Zheng Y, Han Y. Osteoimmunomodulation, osseointegration, and in vivo mechanical integrity of pure Mg coated with HA nanorod/pore-sealed MgO bilayer. Biomater Sci 2019; 6:3202-3218. [PMID: 30328849 DOI: 10.1039/c8bm00901e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Fast degradation of Mg-based implants results in the loss of mechanical integrity and poor osseointegration. Herein, a bilayer-structured coating (termed as HAT), comprising an outer layer of hydroxyapatite (HA) nanorods and an inner layer of pores-sealed MgO with HA/Mg(OH)2, was formed on Mg using plasma electrolytic oxidation and hydrothermal treatment. Osteoimmunomodulation, osseointegration, mechanical integrity, and bone-implant interfacial structure evolution of the HAT-coated Mg were investigated by implantation in rabbit femora, together with Mg coated with plasma electrolytic oxidized porous MgO (termed as PEO0) and bare Mg. As compared to PEO0-coated and bare Mg, HAT-coated Mg greatly downregulated pro-inflammatory TNF-α and IL-1β, upregulated anti-inflammatory IL-10, and suppressed osteoclastogenesis, modulating the surrounding microenvironment toward favoring the recruitment of osteogenetic cells. Moreover, HAT-coated Mg accelerated bone sialoprotein and osteopontin secretion of osteogenetic cells and their mineralization to form a cement line matrix. It also promoted the differentiation of osteogenetic cells, secretion of collagen overlying on the cement line matrix, inducing an earlier and more pronounced bone matrix formation. The cement line matrix wrapped the HA nanorods and filled the interrod spaces of the HAT coating, forming strong interdigitation at the bone-coating interface, and therefore, yielding enhanced osseointegration by means of contact osteogenesis. Due to the considerably reduced corrosion of Mg by the pores-sealed bilayer structure of HAT coating, HAT-coated Mg maintained the mechanical integrity for a longer duration than PEO0-coated and bare Mg. It is clarified that the degradation of MgO and HA, rather than delamination, was the vanishing mode of PEO0 and HAT coatings during long-term implantation, avoiding osteolysis induced by the delamination-generated particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
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8
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Incorporation of osteopontin peptide into kidney stone-related calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals: a quantitative study. Urolithiasis 2018; 47:425-440. [DOI: 10.1007/s00240-018-01105-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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9
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Lin D, Lin YC, Yang SW, Zhou L, Leong WK, Feng SY, Kong KV. Organometallic-Constructed Tip-Based Dual Chemical Sensing by Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for Diabetes Detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:41902-41908. [PMID: 30387600 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b11950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) is capable of probing specific molecular information with high sensitivity, but dual chemical sensing remains a challenge. Another major hindrance to TERS chemical detection in biosamples such as blood is the interference from the strong absorptions of biomolecules. Herein, we report the preparation of an organometallic-conjugated TERS tip. We demonstrate that organometallic chemistry can be perfectly coupled with TERS for dual-molecule sensing. The unique Raman signals generated by the organometallic compound circumvent signal interference from the biomolecules in blood, allowing the rapid analysis of two important molecules (glucose and thiol) in ultralow volume (50 nL) samples. This enabled a correlation between the thiol and glucose levels in the blood of nondiabetic and diabetic patients to be drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Lin
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology , Fujian Normal University , Fuzhou 350007 , China
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine , Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Fuzhou 350122 , China
| | - Yi-Cheng Lin
- Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Shang-Wei Yang
- Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Lan Zhou
- Department of Urology, Shanghai East Hospital , Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai 200000 , China
| | - Weng Kee Leong
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry , Nanyang Technological University , 639798 , Singapore
| | - Shang-Yuan Feng
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology , Fujian Normal University , Fuzhou 350007 , China
| | - Kien Voon Kong
- Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
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10
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Deckert-Gaudig T, Taguchi A, Kawata S, Deckert V. Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy - from early developments to recent advances. Chem Soc Rev 2018. [PMID: 28640306 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00209b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An analytical technique operating at the nanoscale must be flexible regarding variable experimental conditions while ideally also being highly specific, extremely sensitive, and spatially confined. In this respect, tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS) has been demonstrated to be ideally suited to, e.g., elucidating chemical reaction mechanisms, determining the distribution of components and identifying and localizing specific molecular structures at the nanometre scale. TERS combines the specificity of Raman spectroscopy with the high spatial resolution of scanning probe microscopies by utilizing plasmonic nanostructures to confine the incident electromagnetic field and increase it by many orders of magnitude. Consequently, molecular structure information in the optical near field that is inaccessible to other optical microscopy methods can be obtained. In this general review, the development of this still-young technique, from early experiments to recent achievements concerning inorganic, organic, and biological materials, is addressed. Accordingly, the technical developments necessary for stable and reliable AFM- and STM-based TERS experiments, together with the specific properties of the instruments under different conditions, are reviewed. The review also highlights selected experiments illustrating the capabilities of this emerging technique, the number of users of which has steadily increased since its inception in 2000. Finally, an assessment of the frontiers and new concepts of TERS, which aim towards rendering it a general and widely applicable technique that combines the highest possible lateral resolution and extreme sensitivity, is provided.
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11
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Bonhommeau S, Lecomte S. Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy: A Tool for Nanoscale Chemical and Structural Characterization of Biomolecules. Chemphyschem 2017; 19:8-18. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201701067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Bonhommeau
- University of Bordeaux; Institut des Sciences Moléculaires; CNRS UMR 5255; 351 cours de la Libération 33405 Talence cedex France
| | - Sophie Lecomte
- University of Bordeaux; Institut de Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nano-objets; CNRS UMR 5248; Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire 33600 Pessac France
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12
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Grohe B. RETRACTED: Synthetic peptides derived from salivary proteins and the control of surface charge densities of dental surfaces improve the inhibition of dental calculus formation. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 77:58-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.03.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Bonhommeau S, Talaga D, Hunel J, Cullin C, Lecomte S. Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy to Distinguish Toxic Oligomers from Aβ1-
42
Fibrils at the Nanometer Scale. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201610399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Bonhommeau
- University of Bordeaux; Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, CNRS UMR 5255; 351 cours de la Libération 33405 Talence cedex France
| | - David Talaga
- University of Bordeaux; Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, CNRS UMR 5255; 351 cours de la Libération 33405 Talence cedex France
| | - Julien Hunel
- University of Bordeaux; Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, CNRS UMR 5255; 351 cours de la Libération 33405 Talence cedex France
| | - Christophe Cullin
- University of Bordeaux; Institut de Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nano-objets, CNRS UMR 5248; Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire 33600 Pessac France
| | - Sophie Lecomte
- University of Bordeaux; Institut de Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nano-objets, CNRS UMR 5248; Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire 33600 Pessac France
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Bonhommeau S, Talaga D, Hunel J, Cullin C, Lecomte S. Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy to Distinguish Toxic Oligomers from Aβ 1-42 Fibrils at the Nanometer Scale. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:1771-1774. [PMID: 28071842 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201610399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
For the first time, natural Aβ1-42 fibrils (WT) implicated in Alzheimer's disease, as well as two synthetic mutants forming less toxic amyloid fibrils (L34T) and highly toxic oligomers (oG37C), are chemically characterized at the scale of a single structure using tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS). While the proportion of TERS features associated with amino acid residues is similar for the three peptides, a careful examination of amide I and amide III bands allows us to clearly distinguish WT and L34T fibers organized in parallel β-sheets from the small and more toxic oG37C oligomers organized in anti-parallel β-sheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Bonhommeau
- University of Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, CNRS UMR 5255, 351 cours de la Libération, 33405, Talence cedex, France
| | - David Talaga
- University of Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, CNRS UMR 5255, 351 cours de la Libération, 33405, Talence cedex, France
| | - Julien Hunel
- University of Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, CNRS UMR 5255, 351 cours de la Libération, 33405, Talence cedex, France
| | - Christophe Cullin
- University of Bordeaux, Institut de Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nano-objets, CNRS UMR 5248, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Sophie Lecomte
- University of Bordeaux, Institut de Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nano-objets, CNRS UMR 5248, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, 33600, Pessac, France
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15
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Sereda V, Lednev IK. Two Mechanisms of Tip Enhancement of Raman Scattering by Protein Aggregates. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 71:118-128. [PMID: 27407009 DOI: 10.1177/0003702816651890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) is a powerful tool for probing the surface of biological species with nanometer spatial resolution. Here, we report the TER spectra of an individual insulin fibril, the protein cast film and a short peptide (LVEALYL) microcrystal mimicking the fibril core. Two different types of TER spectra were acquired depending on the "roughness" of the probed surface at the molecular level. A fully reproducible, low-intensity, normal Raman-type spectrum was characteristic of the top flat surface of the microcrystal while highly variable, higher intensity TER spectra were obtained for the edges of the microcrystal, cast film, and fibril. As a result, two tip enhancement mechanisms of Raman scattering, long- and short-range, were proposed by analogy with the physical and chemical enhancement mechanisms, respectively, known for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy.
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17
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Langdon A, Grohe B. The osteopontin-controlled switching of calcium oxalate monohydrate morphologies in artificial urine provides insights into the formation of papillary kidney stones. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 146:296-306. [PMID: 27362921 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The protein osteopontin (OPN) plays an important role in preventing the formation of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) kidney stones. To gain insight into these mechanisms, crystallization was induced by addition of human kidney OPN to artificial urine (ionic strength comparable to urine; without citrate), and the OPN-COM interaction studied using a combination of scanning electron (SEM) and confocal microscopy. By SEM, we found that increasing OPN concentrations formed large monoclinic penetration twins (no protein added) and, at higher concentrations (1-, 2μg/ml OPN), super and hyper twins with crystal habits not found in previous studies. For instance, the hyper twins indicate well-facetted gearwheel-like habits with "teeth" developed in all crystallographic <h0l> directions. At OPN concentrations ≥2μg/ml, a switching to small dumbbell-shaped COM habits with fine-textured surfaces occurred. Confocal microscopy of these dumbbells indicates protein incorporation in almost the entire crystal structure (in contrast to facetted COM), proposing a threshold concentration of ∼2μg/ml OPN for the facetted to the non-facetted habit transformation. Both the gearwheel-like and the dumbbell-shaped habit are again found side-by-side (presumably triggered by OPN concentration gradients within the sample) in in-vitro formed conglomerates, which resemble cross-sections of papillary kidney stones. The abrupt transformation from facetted to non-facetted habits and the unique compliance of the two in-vitro formed habits with the two main morphologies found in papillary kidney stones propose that OPN is a main effector in direct stone-forming processes. Moreover, stone structures which exhibit these two morphologies side-by-side might serve as a novel indicator for OPN concentrations surrounding those structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Langdon
- Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada, Canada.
| | - Bernd Grohe
- Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada, Canada; Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada, Canada.
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18
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Pashaee F, Tabatabaei M, Caetano FA, Ferguson SSG, Lagugné-Labarthet F. Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy: plasmid-free vs. plasmid-embedded DNA. Analyst 2016; 141:3251-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c6an00350h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Langelüddecke L, Singh P, Deckert V. Exploring the Nanoscale: Fifteen Years of Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 69:1357-71. [PMID: 26554759 DOI: 10.1366/15-08014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Spectroscopic methods with high spatial resolution are essential to understand the physical and chemical properties of nanoscale materials including biological and chemical materials. Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) is a combination of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and scanning probe microscopy (SPM), which can provide high-resolution topographic and spectral information simultaneously below the diffraction limit of light. Even examples of sub-nanometer resolution have been demonstrated. This review intends to give an introduction to TERS, focusing on its basic principle and the experimental setup, the strengths followed by recent applications, developments, and perspectives in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Langelüddecke
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, University of Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743 Jena, Germany
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20
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Boujday S, de la Chapelle ML, Srajer J, Knoll W. Enhanced Vibrational Spectroscopies as Tools for Small Molecule Biosensing. SENSORS 2015; 15:21239-64. [PMID: 26343666 PMCID: PMC4610423 DOI: 10.3390/s150921239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In this short summary we summarize some of the latest developments in vibrational spectroscopic tools applied for the sensing of (small) molecules and biomolecules in a label-free mode of operation. We first introduce various concepts for the enhancement of InfraRed spectroscopic techniques, including the principles of Attenuated Total Reflection InfraRed (ATR-IR), (phase-modulated) InfraRed Reflection Absorption Spectroscopy (IRRAS/PM-IRRAS), and Surface Enhanced Infrared Reflection Absorption Spectroscopy (SEIRAS). Particular attention is put on the use of novel nanostructured substrates that allow for the excitation of propagating and localized surface plasmon modes aimed at operating additional enhancement mechanisms. This is then be complemented by the description of the latest development in Surface- and Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopies, again with an emphasis on the detection of small molecules or bioanalytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souhir Boujday
- UPMC Univ Paris 6, UMR CNRS 7197, Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France.
- CNRS, UMR 7197, Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface, F-75005 Paris, France.
- Center for Biomimetic Sensor Science, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553, Singapore.
| | - Marc Lamy de la Chapelle
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire CSPBAT, CNRS, (UMR 7244), 74 rue Marcel Cachin, F-93017 Bobigny, France.
| | - Johannes Srajer
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Donau City Strasse 1, A-1220 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Wolfgang Knoll
- Center for Biomimetic Sensor Science, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553, Singapore.
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Donau City Strasse 1, A-1220 Vienna, Austria.
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21
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Xiao Y, Karttunen M, Jalkanen J, Mussi M, Liao Y, Grohe B, Lagugné-Labarthet F, Siqueira W. Hydroxyapatite Growth Inhibition Effect of Pellicle Statherin Peptides. J Dent Res 2015; 94:1106-12. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034515586769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In our recent studies, we have shown that in vivo–acquired enamel pellicle is a sophisticated biological structure containing a significant portion of naturally occurring salivary peptides. From a functional aspect, the identification of peptides in the acquired enamel pellicle is of interest because many salivary proteins exhibit functional domains that maintain the activities of the native protein. Among the in vivo–acquired enamel pellicle peptides that have been newly identified, 5 peptides are derived from statherin. Here, we assessed the ability of these statherin pellicle peptides to inhibit hydroxyapatite crystal growth. In addition, atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed to better understand the underlying physical mechanisms of hydroxyapatite growth inhibition. A microplate colorimetric assay was used to quantify hydroxyapatite growth. Statherin protein, 5 statherin-derived peptides, and a peptide lacking phosphate at residues 2 and 3 were analyzed. Statherin peptide phosphorylated on residues 2 and 3 indicated a significant inhibitory effect when compared with the 5 other peptides ( P < 0.05). MD simulations showed a strong affinity and fast adsorption to hydroxyapatite for phosphopeptides, whereas unphosphorylated peptides interacted weakly with the hydroxyapatite. Our data suggest that the presence of a covalently linked phosphate group (at residues 2 and 3) in statherin peptides modulates the effect of hydroxyapatite growth inhibition. This study provides a mechanism to account for the composition and function of acquired enamel pellicle statherin peptides that will contribute as a base for the development of biologically stable and functional synthetic peptides for therapeutic use against dental caries and/or periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Xiao
- Schulich Dentistry and Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - M. Karttunen
- Department of Chemistry and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - J. Jalkanen
- Jülich Supercomputing Centre, Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - M.C.M. Mussi
- Schulich Dentistry and Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Y. Liao
- Schulich Dentistry and Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - B. Grohe
- Schulich Dentistry and Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | | | - W.L. Siqueira
- Schulich Dentistry and Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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22
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Kazemi-Zanjani N, Gobbo P, Zhu Z, Workentin MS, Lagugné-Labarthet F. High-resolution Raman imaging of bundles of single-walled carbon nanotubes by tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. CAN J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2014-0247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Bundles of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) prepared by plasma torch method and further purified, are deposited over a glass coverslip to estimate the spatial resolution of tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy measurements. For this purpose, near-field Raman maps and spectra of isolated bundles of carbon nanotubes are collected using optimized experimental conditions such as a tightly focused beam using a 1.4 numerical aperture oil immersion microscope objective and a gold coated atomic force microscope probe illuminated by a radially polarized 632.8 nm wavelength to selectively excite the localized surface plasmon confined at the extremity of the tip. The near-field nature of the collected Raman signals is evaluated through measuring the decay of the Raman signal with respect to the tip-sample separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastaran Kazemi-Zanjani
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, Chemistry Building, 1151Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Pierangelo Gobbo
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, Chemistry Building, 1151Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Ziyan Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, Chemistry Building, 1151Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Mark S. Workentin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, Chemistry Building, 1151Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - François Lagugné-Labarthet
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, Chemistry Building, 1151Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
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23
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Pashaee F, Sharifi F, Fanchini G, Lagugné-Labarthet F. Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of graphene-like and graphitic platelets on ultraflat gold nanoplates. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:21315-22. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp05252h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
TERS was used to investigate the graphene-like platelets in gap mode geometry using radially and linearly polarized excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshid Pashaee
- Department of Chemistry
- Department of Physics & Astronomy and Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research
- University of Western Ontario
- London
- Canada
| | - Faranak Sharifi
- Department of Chemistry
- Department of Physics and Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research
- University of Western Ontario
- London
- Canada
| | - Giovanni Fanchini
- Department of Chemistry
- Department of Physics and Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research
- University of Western Ontario
- London
- Canada
| | - François Lagugné-Labarthet
- Department of Chemistry
- Department of Physics & Astronomy and Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research
- University of Western Ontario
- London
- Canada
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24
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Fang Y, Zhang Z, Chen L, Sun M. Near field plasmonic gradient effects on high vacuum tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 17:783-94. [PMID: 25424492 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp03871a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Near field gradient effects in high vacuum tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (HV-TERS) are a recent developing ultra-sensitive optical and spectral analysis technology on the nanoscale, based on the plasmons and plasmonic gradient enhancement in the near field and under high vacuum. HV-TERS can not only be used to detect ultra-sensitive Raman spectra enhanced by surface plasmon, but also to detect clear molecular IR-active modes enhanced by strongly plasmonic gradient. Furthermore, the molecular overtone modes and combinational modes can also be experimentally measured, where the Fermi resonance and Darling-Dennison resonance were successfully observed in HV-TERS. Theoretical calculations using electromagnetic field theory firmly supported experimental observation. The intensity ratio of the plasmon gradient term over the linear plasmon term can reach values greater than 1. Theoretical calculations also revealed that with the increase in gap distance between tip and substrate, the decrease in the plasmon gradient was more significant than the decrease in plasmon intensity, which is the reason that the gradient Raman can be only observed in the near field. Recent experimental results of near field gradient effects on HV-TERS were summarized, following the section of the theoretical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurui Fang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 603-146, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Sonntag MD, Pozzi EA, Jiang N, Hersam MC, Van Duyne RP. Recent Advances in Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:3125-3130. [PMID: 26276323 DOI: 10.1021/jz5015746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) has experienced tremendous growth in the last 5 years. Specifically, TER imaging has provided invaluable insight into the spatial distribution and properties of chemical species on a surface with spatial resolution that is otherwise unattainable by any other analytical method. Additionally, there has been further development in coupling ultrafast spectroscopy with TERS in the hope of obtaining both ultrafast temporal and nanometer-scale spatial resolution. In this Perspective, we discuss several recent advances in TERS, specifically highlighting those in the areas of TER imaging and integrating ultrafast spectroscopy with TERS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Sonntag
- †Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Eric A Pozzi
- †Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Nan Jiang
- †Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Mark C Hersam
- †Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Richard P Van Duyne
- †Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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26
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Kurouski D, Zaleski S, Casadio F, Van Duyne RP, Shah NC. Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (TERS) for in Situ Identification of Indigo and Iron Gall Ink on Paper. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:8677-84. [DOI: 10.1021/ja5027612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Kurouski
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois United States
| | - Stephanie Zaleski
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois United States
| | - Francesca Casadio
- The
Art Institute of Chicago, 111 S. Michigan Avenue, Chicago, Illinois United States
| | - Richard P. Van Duyne
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois United States
| | - Nilam C. Shah
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois United States
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27
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Merlen A, Lagugné-Labarthet F. Imaging the optical near field in plasmonic nanostructures. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 68:1307-1326. [PMID: 25479143 DOI: 10.1366/14-07699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Over the past five years, new developments in the field of plasmonics have emerged with the goal of finely tuning a variety of metallic nanostructures to enable a desired function. The use of plasmonics in spectroscopy is of course of great interest, due to large local enhancements in the optical near field confined in the vicinity of a metal nanostructure. For a given metal, such enhancements are dependent on the shape of the structure as well as the optical properties (wavelength, phase, polarization) of the impinging light, offering a large degree of control over the optical and spatial localization of the plasmon resonance. In this focal point, we highlight recent work that aims at revealing the spatial position of the localized plasmon resonances using a variety of optical and non-optical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Merlen
- Institut Matériaux Microélectronique Nanosciences De Provence (Im2np) Umr Cnrs 7334 And Universités D'aix-Marseille Et De Toulon, France
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28
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Farmanesh S, Ramamoorthy S, Chung J, Asplin JR, Karande P, Rimer JD. Specificity of growth inhibitors and their cooperative effects in calcium oxalate monohydrate crystallization. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 136:367-76. [PMID: 24313314 DOI: 10.1021/ja410623q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The molecular recognition and interactions governing site-specific adsorption of growth inhibitors on crystal surfaces can be tailored in order to control the anisotropic growth rates and physical properties of crystalline materials. Here we examine this phenomenon in calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystallization, a model system of calcification with specific relevance for pathological mineralization. We analyzed the effect of three putative growth inhibitors--chondroitin sulfate, serum albumin, and transferrin--using analytical techniques capable of resolving inhibitor-crystal interactions from interfacial to bulk scales. We observed that each inhibitor alters surface growth by adsorbing on to distinct steps emanating from screw dislocations on COM surfaces. Binding of inhibitors to different crystallographic faces produced morphological modifications that are consistent with classical mechanisms of layer-by-layer crystal growth inhibition. The site-specific adsorption of inhibitors on COM surfaces was confirmed by bulk crystallization, fluorescent confocal microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Kinetic studies of COM growth at varying inhibitor concentrations revealed marked differences in their efficacy and potency. Systematic analysis of inhibitor combinations, quantified via the combination index, identified various binary pairings capable of producing synergistic, additive, and antagonistic effects. Collectively, our investigation of physiologically relevant biomolecules suggests potential roles of COM inhibitors in pathological crystallization and provides guiding principles for biomimetic design of molecular modifiers for applications in crystal engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Farmanesh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston , Houston, Texas 77204, United States
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29
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A. Antonio
- University of Notre Dame, Department of
Chemistry and Biochemistry, Notre
Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Zachary D. Schultz
- University of Notre Dame, Department of
Chemistry and Biochemistry, Notre
Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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30
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Kazemi-Zanjani N, Vedraine S, Lagugné-Labarthet F. Localized enhancement of electric field in tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy using radially and linearly polarized light. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:25271-6. [PMID: 24150367 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.025271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) calculations are used to characterize the electric field in the vicinity of a sharp silver or gold cone with an apex diameter of 10 nm. The simulations are utilized to predict the intensity and the distribution of the locally enhanced electric field in tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS). A side-by-side comparison of the enhanced electric field induced by a radially and a linearly polarized light in both gap-mode and conventional TERS setup is performed. For this purpose, a radially polarized source is introduced and integrated into the FDTD modeling. Additionally, the optical effect of a thin protective layer of alumina on the enhancement of the electric field is investigated.
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31
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Kazemi-Zanjani N, Kergrene E, Liu L, Sham TK, Lagugné-Labarthet F. Tip-enhanced Raman imaging and nano spectroscopy of etched silicon nanowires. SENSORS 2013; 13:12744-59. [PMID: 24072021 PMCID: PMC3859034 DOI: 10.3390/s131012744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) is used to investigate the influence of strains in isolated and overlapping silicon nanowires prepared by chemical etching of a (100) silicon wafer. An atomic force microscopy tip made of nanocrystalline diamond coated with a thin layer of silver is used in conjunction with an excitation wavelength of 532 nm in order to probe the first order optical phonon mode of the [100] silicon nanowires. The frequency shift and the broadening of the silicon first order phonon are analyzed and compared to the topographical measurements for distinct configuration of nanowires that are disposed in straight, bent or overlapping configuration over a microscope coverslip. The TERS spatial resolution is close to the topography provided by the nanocrystalline diamond tip and subtle spectral changes are observed for different nanowire configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastaran Kazemi-Zanjani
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, N6A 5B7, Canada.
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32
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Pozzi EA, Sonntag MD, Jiang N, Klingsporn JM, Hersam MC, Van Duyne RP. Tip-enhanced Raman imaging: an emergent tool for probing biology at the nanoscale. ACS NANO 2013; 7:885-888. [PMID: 23441673 DOI: 10.1021/nn400560t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Typically limited by the diffraction of light, most optical spectroscopy methods cannot provide the spatial resolution necessary to characterize specimens at the nanoscale. An emerging exception to this rule is tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS), which overcomes the diffraction limit through electromagnetic field localization at the end of a sharp metallic tip. As demonstrated by the Zenobi group in this issue of ACS Nano, TER imaging is an analytical technique capable of providing high-resolution chemical maps of biological samples. In this Perspective, we highlight recent advances and future applications of TER imaging as a technique for interrogating biology at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Pozzi
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
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