1
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Yang X, Zhang B, Ruan J, Duanmu K, Chen W. Palladium-Catalyzed Allylation of Endocyclic 1-Azaallyl Anions. J Org Chem 2024; 89:8896-8905. [PMID: 38856706 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Endocyclic 1-azaallyl anions engage allyl acetates in a palladium-catalyzed allylation followed by reduction to give unprotected 2-(hetero)aryl-3-allylpiperidines and 2-allyl-3-arylmorpholines, products not easily accessible by other means. The allyl group is then readily transformed into a variety of functional groups. Preliminary studies on the asymmetric variant of the reaction using an enantiomerically pure BI-DIME-type ligand provide the product with moderate enantioselectivity. Computational studies suggest that energy barriers of inner-sphere reductive elimination and outer-sphere nucleophilic substitution are almost the same, which makes both of them possible reaction pathways. In addition, the inner-sphere mechanism displays an enantiodiscriminating C-C bond forming step, while the outer-sphere mechanism is much less selective, which combined to give the asymmetric variant of the reaction moderate enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Yang
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Institute for Advanced Studies, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Rd, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Biao Zhang
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Institute for Advanced Studies, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Rd, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Junhao Ruan
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Institute for Advanced Studies, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Rd, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Kaining Duanmu
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Institute for Advanced Studies, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Rd, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Weijie Chen
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Institute for Advanced Studies, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Rd, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
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2
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Li B, Zhang HH, Luo Y, Yu S, Goddard Iii WA, Dang Y. Interception of Transient Allyl Radicals with Low-Valent Allylpalladium Chemistry: Tandem Pd(0/II/I)-Pd(0/II/I/II) Cycles in Photoredox/Pd Dual-Catalytic Enantioselective C(sp 3)-C(sp 3) Homocoupling. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:6377-6387. [PMID: 38385755 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
We present comprehensive computational and experimental studies on the mechanism of an asymmetric photoredox/Pd dual-catalytic reductive C(sp3)-C(sp3) homocoupling of allylic electrophiles. In stark contrast to the canonical assumption that photoredox promotes bond formation via facile reductive elimination from high-valent metal-organic species, our computational analysis revealed an intriguing low-valent allylpalladium pathway that features tandem operation of Pd(0/II/I)-Pd(0/II/I/II) cycles. Specifically, we propose that (i) the photoredox/Pd system enables the in situ generation of allyl radicals from low-valent Pd(I)-allyl species, and (ii) effective interception of the fleeting allyl radical by the chiral Pd(I)-allyl species results in the formation of an enantioenriched product. Notably, the cooperation of the two pathways highlights the bifunctional role of Pd(I)-allyl species in the generation and interception of transient allyl radicals. Moreover, the mechanism implies divergent substrate-activation modes in this homocoupling reaction, suggesting a theoretical possibility for cross-coupling. Combined, the current study offers a novel mechanistic hypothesis for photoredox/Pd dual catalysis and highlights the use of low-valent allylpalladium as a means to efficiently intercept radicals for selective asymmetric bond constructions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Hong-Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongrui Luo
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Shouyun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - William A Goddard Iii
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Yanfeng Dang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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3
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Cusumano AQ, Zhang T, Goddard WA, Stoltz BM. Origins of Enhanced Enantioselectivity in the Pd-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Allylic Alkylation of N-Benzoyl Lactams. Catalysts 2023; 13:1258. [PMID: 37990660 PMCID: PMC10662798 DOI: 10.3390/catal13091258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We explore the origins of the marked improvement in enantioselectivity in the inner-sphere (PHOX)Pd-catalyzed allylic alkylation of N-benzoyl lactam nucleophiles over their carbocyclic counterparts. We employ density functional theory calculations to aid in the interpretation of experimental results. Ultimately, we propose that the enhancement in enantioselectivity arises primarily from noncovalent interactions between the substrate and ligand rather than secondary substrate chelation, as previously hypothesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Q. Cusumano
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - William A. Goddard
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Brian M. Stoltz
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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4
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Greßies S, Süße L, Casselman T, Stoltz BM. Tandem Dearomatization/Enantioselective Allylic Alkylation of Pyridines. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:11907-11913. [PMID: 37212659 PMCID: PMC10251512 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a multistep one-pot reaction of substituted pyridines leading to N-protected tetrahydropyridines with outstanding enantioselectivity (up to 97% ee). An iridium(I)-catalyzed dearomative 1,2-hydrosilylation of pyridines enables the use of N-silyl enamines as a new type of nucleophile in a subsequent palladium-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation. This telescoped process overcomes the intrinsic nucleophilic selectivity of pyridines to synthesize enantioenriched, C-3-substituted tetrahydropyridine products that have been otherwise challenging to access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Greßies
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger
Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, California Institute
of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Lars Süße
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger
Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, California Institute
of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Tyler Casselman
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger
Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, California Institute
of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Brian M. Stoltz
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger
Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, California Institute
of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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5
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Flesch KN, Cusumano AQ, Chen PJ, Strong CS, Sardini SR, Du YE, Bartberger MD, Goddard WA, Stoltz BM. Divergent Catalysis: Catalytic Asymmetric [4+2] Cycloaddition of Palladium Enolates. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:11301-11310. [PMID: 37186945 PMCID: PMC10388310 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
An asymmetric decarboxylative [4+2] cycloaddition from a catalytically generated chiral Pd enolate was developed, forging four contiguous stereocenters in a single transformation. This was achieved through a strategy termed divergent catalysis, wherein departure from a known catalytic cycle enables novel reactivity of a targeted intermediate prior to re-entry into the original cycle. Mechanistic studies including quantum mechanics calculations, Eyring analysis, and KIE studies offer insight into the reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaylin N Flesch
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Alexander Q Cusumano
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Peng-Jui Chen
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Christian Santiago Strong
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Stephen R Sardini
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Yun E Du
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | | | - William A Goddard
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Brian M Stoltz
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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6
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Lv L, Qian H. Developments and applications of allyl-(aza)allyl coupling reactions. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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7
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Tan SZ, Chen P, Zhu L, Gan MQ, Ouyang Q, Du W, Chen YC. Use of ( E, E)-Dienoic Acids as Switchable ( E, E)- and ( Z, E)-Dienyl Anion Surrogates via Ligand-Controlled Palladium Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:22689-22697. [PMID: 36468863 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Carboxylic acids are not readily applied as carbon-based nucleophiles due to their intrinsic acidic group. Here, we demonstrate that free (E,E)-2,4-dienoic acids form electron-neutral and highest occupied molecular orbital-raised η2-complexes with Pd(0) and undergo Friedel-Crafts-type additions to imines with exclusive α-regioselectivity, giving formal dienylated products after decarboxylation. Unusual and switchable (E,E)- and (Z,E)-selectivity, along with excellent enantioselectivity, is achieved via ligand-controlled outer-sphere or inner-sphere reaction modes, respectively, which are well supported by comprehensive density functional theory calculation studies. An unprecedented formal reductive Mannich reaction between (E,E)-dienoic acids and imines is also developed to furnish enantioenriched β-amino acid derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Zhong Tan
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing400038, China
| | - Meng-Qi Gan
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, China
| | - Qin Ouyang
- College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing400038, China
| | - Wei Du
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, China
| | - Ying-Chun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, China.,College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing400038, China
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8
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Yuan M, Gutierrez O. Mechanisms, Challenges, and Opportunities of Dual Ni/Photoredox-Catalyzed C(sp 2)-C(sp 3) Cross-Couplings. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2022; 12. [PMID: 35664524 PMCID: PMC9162266 DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The merging of photoredox and nickel catalysis has revolutionized the field of C-C cross-coupling. However, in comparison to the development of synthetic methods, detailed mechanistic investigations of these catalytic systems are lagging. To improve the mechanistic understanding, computational tools have emerged as powerful tools to elucidate the factors controlling reactivity and selectivity in these complex catalytic transformations. Based on the reported computational studies, it appears that the mechanistic picture of catalytic systems is not generally applicable, but is rather dependent on the specific choice of substrate, ligands, photocatalysts, etc. Given the complexity of these systems, the need for more accurate computational methods, readily available and user-friendly dynamics simulation tools, and data-driven approaches is clear in order to understand at the molecular level the mechanisms of these transformations. In particular, we anticipate that such improvement of theoretical methods will become crucial to advance the understanding of excited-state properties and dynamics of key species, as well as to enable faster and unbiased exploration of reaction pathways. Further, with greater collaboration between computational, experimental, and spectroscopic communities, the mechanistic investigation of photoredox/Ni dual-catalytic reactions is expected to thrive quickly, facilitating the design of novel catalytic systems and promoting our understanding of the reaction selectivity.
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9
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Huang S, Zhang GP, Jiang YJ, Yu FL, Ding CH, Hou XL. Pd-Catalyzed umpolung asymmetric allylic alkylation of hydrazones to vicinal tertiary and quaternary chiral carbon centers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:3513-3516. [PMID: 35195135 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc07074f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Diastereo- and enantioselective construction of vicinal tertiary and quaternary carbon centers is a great challenge in synthetic chemistry. Herein, we report a facile and efficient protocol to construct vicinal tertiary and quaternary chiral carbon centers in high yields with high regio-, diastereo- and enantioselectivities via Pd-catalyzed umpolung asymmetric allylic alkylation of hydrazones with monosubstituted allyl reagents by using Kündig-type chiral N-heterocyclic carbene as the ligand. The control experiments revealed that the reaction proceeds via the inner-sphere mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry (SIOC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Gao-Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry (SIOC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Yang-Jie Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry (SIOC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Fei-Le Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry (SIOC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Chang-Hua Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Innovative Drug Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Xue-Long Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry (SIOC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China. .,Shanghai-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, SIOC, CAS, China
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10
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Wu H, Hu L, Shi Y, Shen Z, Huang G. Computational Insights into Palladium/Boron-Catalyzed Allylic Substitution of Vinylethylene Carbonates with Water: Outer-Sphere versus Inner-Sphere Pathway and Origins of Regio- and Enantioselectivities. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Wu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Lingfei Hu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yu Shi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Shen
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Genping Huang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
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11
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Huang H, Huang Y, Zou S, Yu B, Yan X, Liu S. Highly Regioselective and Ligand-Controlled Diastereodivergent Aminomethylative Annulation of Dienyl Alcohols Enabled by Hydrogen-Bonding Assisting Effect. Chem Sci 2022; 13:2317-2323. [PMID: 35310502 PMCID: PMC8864680 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06479g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A ligand-controlled palladium-catalyzed highly regioselective and diastereodivergent aminomethylative annulation of dienyl alcohols with aminals has been established, which allows for producing either cis- or trans-disubstituted isochromans in good yields with...
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12
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Xu J, Liu M, Hu Y, Wang L, Wang W, Wu Y, Guo H. Palladium-catalyzed allylic alkylation of hydrazones with hydroxy-tethered allyl carbonates: synthesis of functionalized hydrazones. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo01186g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pd-catalyzed allylic alkylation of hydroxy-tethered allyl carbonates and hydrazones worked well without an external base to afford various E configurations of functionalized hydrazones, which were successfully transformed into pyridazines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqing Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, and Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, and Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Yimin Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, and Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Nutrichem, Co., LTD, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Yongjun Wu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Hongchao Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, and Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
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13
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Kundu S, Munda M, Nandi R, Bisai A. Pd(0)-Catalyzed Deacylative Allylations (DaA) Strategy and Application in the Total Synthesis of Alkaloids. CHEM REC 2021; 21:3818-3838. [PMID: 34796643 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Natural product synthesis has been the prime focus for the development of new carbon-carbon bond forming transformations. In particular, the construction of molecules with all-carbon quaternary centers remain one of the most facinating targets. In this regard, transition-metal catalyzed processes have gained imporatnce owing to their mild nature. Towards this, Pd(0)-catalyzed decarboxylative allylations (DcA) is worth mentioning and has emerged as a convenient method for synthesis of molecules even in their enantioenriched form. However, in order to have a flexible approach that facilitate rapid production of derivatives by utilizing commercially available allyl alcohols, the concept of Pd(0)-catalyzed deacylative allylations (DaA) methodology gains popularity. In these reactions, the transfer of an acyl group has a functional role in activating the allylic alcohol (proelectrophile) toward reaction with Pd(0)-catalysts. We present here an Account on newly conceptualized deacylative allylations (DaA) methodology and its applications in the synthesis of various intermediates and building blocks. Further, its potential in the total synthesis of naturally occurring alkaloids have been summarized in this personal account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Kundu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institution of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, 462 066, MP, India
| | - Mintu Munda
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institution of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, 462 066, MP, India
| | - Rhituparna Nandi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institution of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, 462 066, MP, India
| | - Alakesh Bisai
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institution of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur Campus, Kalyani, Nadia, 741 246, WB, India
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14
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Zhou X, Malakar S, Dugan T, Wang K, Sattler A, Marler DO, Emge TJ, Krogh-Jespersen K, Goldman AS. Alkane Dehydrogenation Catalyzed by a Fluorinated Phebox Iridium Complex. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c03562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Santanu Malakar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Thomas Dugan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Kun Wang
- ExxonMobil Research and Engineering, Annandale, New Jersey 08801, United States
| | - Aaron Sattler
- ExxonMobil Research and Engineering, Annandale, New Jersey 08801, United States
| | - David O. Marler
- ExxonMobil Research and Engineering, Annandale, New Jersey 08801, United States
| | - Thomas J. Emge
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Karsten Krogh-Jespersen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Alan S. Goldman
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
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15
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O'Hair RAJ. ORGANOMETALLIC GAS-PHASE ION CHEMISTRY AND CATALYSIS: INSIGHTS INTO THE USE OF METAL CATALYSTS TO PROMOTE SELECTIVITY IN THE REACTIONS OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2021; 40:782-810. [PMID: 32965774 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Carboxylic acids are valuable organic substrates as they are widely available, easy to handle, and exhibit structural and functional variety. While they are used in many standard synthetic protocols, over the past two decades numerous studies have explored new modes of metal-mediated reactivity of carboxylic acids and their derivatives. Mass spectrometry-based studies can provide fundamental mechanistic insights into these new modes of reactivity. Here gas-phase models for the following catalytic transformations of carboxylic acids and their derivatives are reviewed: protodecarboxylation; dehydration; decarbonylation; reaction as coordinated bases in C-H bond activation; remote functionalization and decarboxylative C-C bond coupling. In each case the catalytic problem is defined, insights from gas-phase studies are highlighted, comparisons with condensed-phase systems are made and perspectives are reached. Finally, the potential role for mechanistic studies that integrate both gas- and condensed-phase studies is highlighted by recent studies on the discovery of new catalysts for the selective decomposition of formic acid and the invention of the new extrusion-insertion class of reactions for the synthesis of amides, thioamides, and amidines. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Mass Spec Rev.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A J O'Hair
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
- Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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16
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Abstract
The asymmetric alkylation of enolates is a particularly versatile method for the construction of α-stereogenic carbonyl motifs, which are ubiquitous in synthetic chemistry. Over the past several decades, the focus has shifted to the development of new catalytic methods that depart from classical stoichiometric stereoinduction strategies (e.g., chiral auxiliaries, chiral alkali metal amide bases, chiral electrophiles, etc.). In this way, the enantioselective alkylation of prochiral enolates greatly improves the step- and redox-economy of this process, in addition to enhancing the scope and selectivity of these reactions. In this review, we summarize the origin and advancement of catalytic enantioselective enolate alkylation methods, with a directed emphasis on the union of prochiral nucleophiles with carbon-centered electrophiles for the construction of α-stereogenic carbonyl derivatives. Hence, the transformative developments for each distinct class of nucleophile (e.g., ketone enolates, ester enolates, amide enolates, etc.) are presented in a modular format to highlight the state-of-the-art methods and current limitations in each area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy B Wright
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - P Andrew Evans
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada.,Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, P. R. of China
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17
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Trost BM, Jiao Z, Gholami H. Palladium-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation (AAA) with alkyl sulfones as nucleophiles. Chem Sci 2021; 12:10532-10537. [PMID: 34447546 PMCID: PMC8356815 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02599f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
An efficient palladium-catalyzed AAA reaction with a simple α-sulfonyl carbon anion as nucleophiles is presented for the first time. Allyl fluorides are used as superior precursors for the generation of π-allyl complexes that upon ionization liberate fluoride anions for activation of silylated nucleophiles. With the unique bidentate diamidophosphite ligand ligated palladium as catalyst, the in situ generated α-sulfonyl carbon anion was quickly captured by the allylic intermediates, affording a series of chiral homo-allylic sulfones with high efficiency and selectivity. This work provides a mild in situ desilylation strategy to reveal nucleophilic carbon centers that could be used to overcome the pKa limitation of “hard” nucleophiles in enantioselective transformations. A variety of “hard” α-sulfonyl carbanions of aryl, heteroaryl and alkyl sulfones were successfully employed as nucleophiles in palladium-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation with excellent enantioselectivities.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry M Trost
- Departmentof Chemistry, Stanford University Stanford CA 94305-5080 USA
| | - Zhiwei Jiao
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Hadi Gholami
- Departmentof Chemistry, Stanford University Stanford CA 94305-5080 USA
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18
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Rodriguez J, Holmsen MSM, García-Rodeja Y, Sosa Carrizo ED, Lavedan P, Mallet-Ladeira S, Miqueu K, Bourissou D. Nucleophilic Addition to π-Allyl Gold(III) Complexes: Evidence for Direct and Undirect Paths. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:11568-11581. [PMID: 34310877 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
π-Allyl complexes play a prominent role in organometallic chemistry and have attracted considerable attention, in particular the π-allyl Pd(II) complexes which are key intermediates in the Tsuji-Trost allylic substitution reaction. Despite the huge interest in π-complexes of gold, π-allyl Au(III) complexes were only authenticated very recently. Herein, we report the reactivity of (P,C)-cyclometalated Au(III) π-allyl complexes toward β-diketo enolates. Behind an apparently trivial outcome, i.e. the formation of the corresponding allylation products, meticulous NMR studies combined with DFT calculations revealed a complex and rich mechanistic picture. Nucleophilic attack can occur at the central and terminal positions of the π-allyl as well as the metal itself. All paths are observed and are actually competitive, whereas addition to the terminal positions largely prevails for Pd(II). Auracyclobutanes and π-alkene Au(I) complexes were authenticated spectroscopically and crystallographically, and Au(III) σ-allyl complexes were unambiguously characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy. Nucleophilic additions to the central position of the π-allyl and to gold are reversible. Over time, the auracyclobutanes and the Au(III) σ-allyl complexes evolve into the π-alkene Au(I) complexes and release the C-allylation products. The relevance of auracyclobutanes in gold-mediated cyclopropanation was demonstrated by inducing C-C coupling with iodine. The molecular orbitals of the π-allyl Au(III) complexes were analyzed in-depth, and the reaction profiles for the addition of β-diketo enolates were thoroughly studied by DFT. Special attention was devoted to the regioselectivity of the nucleophilic attack, but C-C coupling to give the allylation products was also considered to give a complete picture of the reaction progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Rodriguez
- CNRS/Université Paul Sabatier, Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA, UMR 5069), 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France
| | - Marte Sofie Martinsen Holmsen
- CNRS/Université Paul Sabatier, Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA, UMR 5069), 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France
| | - Yago García-Rodeja
- CNRS/Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S-UPPA, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM UMR 5254), Hélioparc, 2 Avenue du Président Angot, 64053 Pau Cedex 09, France
| | - E Daiann Sosa Carrizo
- CNRS/Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S-UPPA, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM UMR 5254), Hélioparc, 2 Avenue du Président Angot, 64053 Pau Cedex 09, France
| | - Pierre Lavedan
- Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (UAR 2599), 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France
| | - Sonia Mallet-Ladeira
- Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (UAR 2599), 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France
| | - Karinne Miqueu
- CNRS/Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S-UPPA, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM UMR 5254), Hélioparc, 2 Avenue du Président Angot, 64053 Pau Cedex 09, France
| | - Didier Bourissou
- CNRS/Université Paul Sabatier, Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA, UMR 5069), 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France
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19
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Arisha AHI. A density functional theory study on the mechanism of the allylpalladium-catalyzed dehydrogenation of aldehydes and cyclic ketones. PROGRESS IN REACTION KINETICS AND MECHANISM 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/14686783211020600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The results of density functional theory calculations at the APFD/SDD level are detailed herein in order to study the main steps in the α,β-dehydrogenation of aldehydes and cyclic ketones in the presence of an allylpalladium complex catalyst. The mechanism is believed to proceed via an allylpalladium enolate complex (A) in equilibrium with the carbon-bonded complex (B), followed by β-hydride elimination to yield the allylpalladium hydride coordinated to the α,β-unsaturated carbonyl (complex C). The optimized structures and detailed energy profiles of these intermediates and their corresponding transition states are presented herein. The results indicate that the intermediates and their transition states are more stable in THF solution than in the gas phase. In detail, the energy barriers for the two steps are found to be 25.22 and 11.13 kcal/mol, respectively, in THF, and 29.93 and 9.77 kcal/mol, respectively, in the gas phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anan Haj Ichia Arisha
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Education, Beit Berl College, Beit Berl, Israel
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20
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Connon R, Roche B, Rokade BV, Guiry PJ. Further Developments and Applications of Oxazoline-Containing Ligands in Asymmetric Catalysis. Chem Rev 2021; 121:6373-6521. [PMID: 34019404 PMCID: PMC8277118 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The chiral oxazoline motif is present in many ligands that have been extensively applied in a series of important metal-catalyzed enantioselective reactions. This Review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the most significant applications of oxazoline-containing ligands reported in the literature starting from 2009 until the end of 2018. The ligands are classified not by the reaction to which their metal complexes have been applied but by the nature of the denticity, chirality, and donor atoms involved. As a result, the continued development of ligand architectural design from mono(oxazolines), to bis(oxazolines), to tris(oxazolines) and tetra(oxazolines) and variations thereof can be more easily monitored by the reader. In addition, the key transition states of selected asymmetric transformations will be given to illustrate the features that give rise to high levels of asymmetric induction. As a further aid to the reader, we summarize the majority of schemes with representative examples that highlight the variation in % yields and % ees for carefully selected substrates. This Review should be of particular interest to the experts in the field but also serve as a useful starting point to new researchers in this area. It is hoped that this Review will stimulate both the development/design of new ligands and their applications in novel metal-catalyzed asymmetric transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Connon
- Synthesis
and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, Centre for Synthesis and Chemical
Biology, School of Chemistry, University
College Dublin, Dublin
4, Ireland
| | - Brendan Roche
- Synthesis
and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, Centre for Synthesis and Chemical
Biology, School of Chemistry, University
College Dublin, Dublin
4, Ireland
| | - Balaji V. Rokade
- BiOrbic
Research Centre, Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School
of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Patrick J. Guiry
- Synthesis
and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, Centre for Synthesis and Chemical
Biology, School of Chemistry, University
College Dublin, Dublin
4, Ireland
- BiOrbic
Research Centre, Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School
of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
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21
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Zhao CY, Ji DW, Zheng H, He GC, Liu H, Hu YC, Chen QA. Pd-Catalyzed Redox Divergent Coupling of Ketones with Terpenols. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yang Zhao
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ding-Wei Ji
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gu-Cheng He
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Heng Liu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan-Cheng Hu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing-An Chen
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
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22
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Pàmies O, Margalef J, Cañellas S, James J, Judge E, Guiry PJ, Moberg C, Bäckvall JE, Pfaltz A, Pericàs MA, Diéguez M. Recent Advances in Enantioselective Pd-Catalyzed Allylic Substitution: From Design to Applications. Chem Rev 2021; 121:4373-4505. [PMID: 33739109 PMCID: PMC8576828 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This Review compiles the evolution, mechanistic understanding, and more recent advances in enantioselective Pd-catalyzed allylic substitution and decarboxylative and oxidative allylic substitutions. For each reaction, the catalytic data, as well as examples of their application to the synthesis of more complex molecules, are collected. Sections in which we discuss key mechanistic aspects for high selectivity and a comparison with other metals (with advantages and disadvantages) are also included. For Pd-catalyzed asymmetric allylic substitution, the catalytic data are grouped according to the type of nucleophile employed. Because of the prominent position of the use of stabilized carbon nucleophiles and heteronucleophiles, many chiral ligands have been developed. To better compare the results, they are presented grouped by ligand types. Pd-catalyzed asymmetric decarboxylative reactions are mainly promoted by PHOX or Trost ligands, which justifies organizing this section in chronological order. For asymmetric oxidative allylic substitution the results are grouped according to the type of nucleophile used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Pàmies
- Universitat
Rovira i Virgili, Departament de
Química Física i Inorgànica, C/Marcel·lí Domingo, 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jèssica Margalef
- Universitat
Rovira i Virgili, Departament de
Química Física i Inorgànica, C/Marcel·lí Domingo, 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Santiago Cañellas
- Discovery
Sciences, Janssen Research and Development, Janssen-Cilag, S.A. Jarama 75A, 45007, Toledo, Spain
| | - Jinju James
- Centre
for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Eric Judge
- Centre
for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Patrick J. Guiry
- Centre
for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Christina Moberg
- KTH
Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, SE 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan-E. Bäckvall
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Pfaltz
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel. St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Miquel A. Pericàs
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament
de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona. 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Diéguez
- Universitat
Rovira i Virgili, Departament de
Química Física i Inorgànica, C/Marcel·lí Domingo, 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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23
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Alexander JR, Shchepetkina VI, Stankevich KS, Benedict RJ, Bernhard SP, Dreiling RJ, Cook MJ. Pd-Catalyzed Rearrangement of N-Alloc- N-allyl Ynamides via Auto-Tandem Catalysis: Evidence for Reversible C-N Activation and Pd(0)-Accelerated Ketenimine Aza-Claisen Rearrangement. Org Lett 2021; 23:559-564. [PMID: 33410700 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c04078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An auto-tandem catalytic double allylic rearrangement of N-alloc-N-allyl ynamides was developed. This reaction proceeds through two separate and distinct catalytic cycles with both decarboxylative Pd-π-allyl and Pd(0)-promoted aza-Claisen rearrangements occurring. A detailed mechanistic study supported by computations highlights these two separate mechanisms. Previously unreported reversible C-N ionization and a Pd(0)-catalyzed [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement were discovered. This study provides new reaction pathways for both π-allyl and sigmatropic rearrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana R Alexander
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Veronika I Shchepetkina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Ksenia S Stankevich
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Rory J Benedict
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Samuel P Bernhard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Reagan J Dreiling
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Matthew J Cook
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
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24
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Qi T, Fu S, Zhang X, Liu TH, Li QZ, Gou C, Li JL. Theoretical insight into the origins of chemo- and diastereo-selectivity in the palladium-catalysed (3 + 2) cyclisation of 5-alkenyl thiazolones. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01071a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of the palladium-catalysed (3 + 2) cyclisation of 5-alkenyl thiazolones and VECs has been investigated from a computational perspective, and the origins of unique chemoselectivity and excellent diastereoselectivity have been disclosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Qi
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610106, China
| | - Shuai Fu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610106, China
| | - Ting-Hao Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Zhu Li
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610106, China
| | - Chuan Gou
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610106, China
| | - Jun-Long Li
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610106, China
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25
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Cusumano AQ, Goddard WA, Stoltz BM. The Transition Metal Catalyzed [π2s + π2s + σ2s + σ2s] Pericyclic Reaction: Woodward-Hoffmann Rules, Aromaticity, and Electron Flow. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:19033-19039. [PMID: 33107727 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We have shown that the fundamental step responsible for enantioinduction in the inner-sphere asymmetric Tsuji allylic alkylation is C-C bond formation through a seven-membered pericyclic transition state. We employ an extensive series of quantum mechanics (QM) calculations to delineate how the electronic structure of the Pd-catalyzed C-C bond forming process controls the reaction. Phase inversion introduced by d orbitals renders the Pd-catalyzed [π2s + π2s + σ2s + σ2s] reaction symmetry-allowed in the ground state, proceeding through a transition state with Craig-Möbius-like σ-aromaticity. Lastly, we connect QM to fundamental valence bonding concepts by deriving an ab initio "arrow-pushing" mechanism that describes the flow of electron density through the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Q Cusumano
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - William A Goddard
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Brian M Stoltz
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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26
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Steeds HG, Knowles JP, Yu WL, Richardson J, Cooper KG, Booker‐Milburn KI. Rapid Access to Azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes by a Tandem Diverted Tsuji-Trost Process. Chemistry 2020; 26:14330-14334. [PMID: 32812670 PMCID: PMC7702095 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A three-step synthesis of the 2-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane ring system from simple pyrroles, employing a combined photochemical/palladium-catalysed approach is reported. Substrate scope is broad, allowing the incorporation of a wide range of functionality relevant to medicinal chemistry. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that the process occurs by acid-assisted C-N bond cleavage followed by β-hydride elimination to form a reactive diene, demonstrating that efficient control of what might be considered off-cycle reactions can result in productive tandem catalytic processes. This represents a short and versatile route to the biologically important morphan scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah G. Steeds
- School of ChemistryUniversity of BristolCantock' CloseBristolBS8 1TSUK
| | | | - Wai L. Yu
- School of ChemistryUniversity of BristolCantock' CloseBristolBS8 1TSUK
| | | | - Katie G. Cooper
- Pharmaceutical Technology & DevelopmentAstraZenecaMacclesfield CampusCheshireSK10 2NAUK
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27
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Orlandi M, Licini G. Computational Analysis of Enantioselective Pd-Catalyzed α-Arylation of Ketones. J Org Chem 2020; 85:11511-11518. [PMID: 32786644 PMCID: PMC8009508 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The direct α-arylation of carbonyl compounds emerged over the last two decades as a straightforward method for the formation of C(sp3)-C(sp2) bonds. Mechanistic studies suggested a classical cross-coupling catalytic cycle. This consists of oxidative addition of the aryl halide (ArX) to the Pd(0)-catalyst, transmetallation of the Na- or K-enolate generated in situ, and subsequent reductive elimination. Even though the general reaction mechanism was thoroughly investigated, studies focusing on enantioselective variants of this transformation are rare. Here, the computational study of the [Pd(BINAP)]-catalyzed α-arylation of 2-methyltetralone with bromobenzene is reported. The whole reaction energy profile was computed and several mechanistic scenarios were investigated for the key steps of the reaction, which are the enolate transmetallation and the C-C bond-forming reductive elimination. Among the computed mechanisms, the reductive elimination from the C-bound enolate Pd complex was found to be the most favorable one, providing a good match with the stereoselectivity observed experimentally with different ligands and substrates. Detailed analysis of the stereodetermining transition structures allowed us to establish the origin of the reaction enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Orlandi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Giulia Licini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.,CIRCC-Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Reattività Chimiche e la Catalisi, Padova Unit., via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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28
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Junk L, Kazmaier U. The Allylic Alkylation of Ketone Enolates. ChemistryOpen 2020; 9:929-952. [PMID: 32953384 PMCID: PMC7482671 DOI: 10.1002/open.202000175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The palladium-catalyzed allylic alkylation of non-stabilized ketone enolates was thought for a long time to be not as efficient as the analogous reactions of stabilized enolates, e. g. of malonates and β-ketoesters. The field has experienced a rapid development during the last two decades, with a range of new, highly efficient protocols evolved. In this review, the early developments as well as current methods and applications of palladium-catalyzed ketone enolate allylations will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Junk
- Organic Chemistry ISaarland UniversityCampus C4.266123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Uli Kazmaier
- Organic Chemistry ISaarland UniversityCampus C4.266123SaarbrückenGermany
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29
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Tsai CC, Sandford C, Wu T, Chen B, Sigman MS, Toste FD. Enantioselective Intramolecular Allylic Substitution via Synergistic Palladium/Chiral Phosphoric Acid Catalysis: Insight into Stereoinduction through Statistical Modeling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:14647-14655. [PMID: 32453890 PMCID: PMC7686151 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The mode of asymmetric induction in an enantioselective intramolecular allylic substitution reaction catalyzed by a combination of palladium and a chiral phosphoric acid was investigated by a combined experimental and statistical modeling approach. Experiments to probe nonlinear effects, the reactivity of deuterium-labeled substrates, and control experiments revealed that nucleophilic attack to the π-allylpalladium intermediate is the enantio-determining step, in which the chiral phosphate anion is involved in stereoinduction. Using multivariable linear regression analysis, we determined that multiple noncovalent interactions with the chiral environment of the phosphate anion are integral to enantiocontrol in the transition state. The synthetic protocol to form chiral pyrrolidines was further applied to the asymmetric construction of C-O bonds at fully substituted carbon centers in the synthesis of chiral 2,2-disubstituted benzomorpholines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Che Tsai
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA)
| | - Christopher Sandford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 (USA)
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA)
| | - Buyun Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA)
| | - Matthew S. Sigman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 (USA)
| | - F. Dean Toste
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA)
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30
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Cusumano AQ, Stoltz BM, Goddard WA. Reaction Mechanism, Origins of Enantioselectivity, and Reactivity Trends in Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation: A Comprehensive Quantum Mechanics Investigation of a C(sp 3)-C(sp 3) Cross-Coupling. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:13917-13933. [PMID: 32640162 PMCID: PMC7802888 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c06243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We utilize quantum mechanics to evaluate a variety of plausible mechanistic pathways for the entirety of the catalytic cycle for asymmetric decarboxylative allylic alkylation of allyl β-ketoesters. We present a mechanistic picture that unites all current experimental observations, including enantioinduction, reaction rate, catalyst resting state, enolate crossover experiments, water tolerance, and the effects of solvation on inner- and outer-sphere mechanisms. Experiments designed to evaluate the fidelity and predictive power of the computational models reveal the methods employed herein to be highly effective in elucidating the reactivity of the catalytic system. On the basis of these findings, we highlight a computational framework from which chemically accurate results are obtained and address the current limitations of the decarboxylative asymmetric allylic alkylation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Q Cusumano
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Brian M Stoltz
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - William A Goddard
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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31
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Kato H, Musha I, Komatsuda M, Muto K, Yamaguchi J. Catalytic three-component C-C bond forming dearomatization of bromoarenes with malonates and diazo compounds. Chem Sci 2020; 11:8779-8784. [PMID: 34123130 PMCID: PMC8163412 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02881a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A Pd-catalyzed dearomative three-component C-C bond formation of bromoarenes with diazo compounds and malonates was developed. Various bromoarenes ranging from benzenoids to azines and heteroles were transformed to the corresponding substituted alicyclic molecules. The key to this reaction is the generation of a benzyl-palladium intermediate, which reacts with malonates to form a Pd-O-enolate species. Strikingly, the present method enabled rapid access to multi-substituted alicycles through subsequent elaboration of dearomatized products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Kato
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University 3-4-1, Ohkubo, Shinjuku Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
| | - Itsuki Musha
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University 3-4-1, Ohkubo, Shinjuku Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
| | - Masaaki Komatsuda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University 3-4-1, Ohkubo, Shinjuku Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
| | - Kei Muto
- Waseda Institute for Advanced Study, Waseda University Shinjuku Tokyo 169-8050 Japan
| | - Junichiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University 3-4-1, Ohkubo, Shinjuku Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
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32
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Kayashima Y, Komatsuda M, Muto K, Yamaguchi J. Pd-catalyzed C4-Dearomative Allylation of Benzyl Ammoniums with Allyltributylstannane. CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kayashima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Masaaki Komatsuda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Kei Muto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Junichiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
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33
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Cao MY, Ma BJ, Lao ZQ, Wang H, Wang J, Liu J, Xing K, Huang YH, Gan KJ, Gao W, Wang H, Hong X, Lu HH. Optically Active Flavaglines-Inspired Molecules by a Palladium-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Dearomative Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:12039-12045. [PMID: 32584568 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c05113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
With the aid of a class of newly discovered Trost-type bisphosphine ligands bearing a chiral cycloalkane framework, the Pd-catalyzed decarboxylative dearomative asymmetric allylic alkylation (AAA) of benzofurans was achieved with high efficiency [0.2-1.0 mol% Pd2(dba)3/L], good generality, and high enantioselectivity (>30 examples, 82-99% yield and 90-96% ee). Moreover, a diversity-oriented synthesis (DOS) of previously unreachable flavaglines is disclosed. It features a reliable and scalable sequence of the freshly developed Tsuji-Trost-Stoltz AAA, a Wacker-Grubbs-Stoltz oxidation, an intra-benzoin condensation, and a conjugate addition, which allows the efficient construction of the challenging and compact cyclopenta[b]benzofuran scaffold with contiguous stereocenters. This strategy offers a new avenue for developing flavagline-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yue Cao
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China.,Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China.,Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bin-Jie Ma
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China.,Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Zhi-Qi Lao
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China.,Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Hongliang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China.,Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Kuan Xing
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China.,Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Yu-Hao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China.,Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Kang-Ji Gan
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China.,Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China.,Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Huaimin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China.,Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Xin Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hai-Hua Lu
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China.,Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China.,Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China.,Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
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34
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Tsai C, Sandford C, Wu T, Chen B, Sigman MS, Toste FD. Enantioselective Intramolecular Allylic Substitution via Synergistic Palladium/Chiral Phosphoric Acid Catalysis: Insight into Stereoinduction through Statistical Modeling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng‐Che Tsai
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Present address: Department of Chemistry Tunghai University Taichung City 40704 Taiwan
| | - Christopher Sandford
- Department of Chemistry University of Utah 315 South 1400 East Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Buyun Chen
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Matthew S. Sigman
- Department of Chemistry University of Utah 315 South 1400 East Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA
| | - F. Dean Toste
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720 USA
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35
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Duquette DC, Cusumano AQ, Lefoulon L, Moore JT, Stoltz BM. Probing Trends in Enantioinduction via Substrate Design: Palladium-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Allylic Alkylation of α-Enaminones. Org Lett 2020; 22:4966-4969. [PMID: 32543857 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative asymmetric allylic alkylation of α-enaminones. In addition to serving as valuable synthetic building blocks, we exploit the α-enaminone scaffold and its derivatives as probes to highlight structural and electronic factors that govern enantioselectivity in this asymmetric alkylation reaction. Utilizing the (S)-t-BuPHOX ligand in a variety of nonpolar solvents, the alkylated products are obtained in up to 99% yield and 99% enantiomeric excess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas C Duquette
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Alexander Q Cusumano
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Louise Lefoulon
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Jared T Moore
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Brian M Stoltz
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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36
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Computational studies of the mechanism of Pd-Catalyzed Intramolecular Friedel–Crafts allylic alkylation of phenols. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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37
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Yanagimoto A, Komatsuda M, Muto K, Yamaguchi J. Dearomative Allylation of Naphthyl Cyanohydrins by Palladium Catalysis: Catalyst-Enhanced Site Selectivity. Org Lett 2020; 22:3423-3427. [PMID: 32272838 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A dearomative allylation of naphthyl cyanohydrins with allyl borates and allyl stannanes under palladium catalysis was developed. At the initial stage of this study, the dearomative reaction (C4 substitution of the aromatics) was competing with benzyl substitution. To circumvent this issue, the use of palladium and meta-disubstituted triarylphosphine as the catalyst in a 1:1 ratio was found to enhance the site selectivity, furnishing the desired dearomatized products. Further derivatizations of products were also successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aika Yanagimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, 3-4-1, Ohkubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Masaaki Komatsuda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, 3-4-1, Ohkubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Kei Muto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, 3-4-1, Ohkubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Junichiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, 3-4-1, Ohkubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
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38
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Fan L, Luo S, Chen S, Wang T, Wang P, Gong L. Nucleophile Coordination Enabled Regioselectivity in Palladium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic C−H Alkylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:16806-16810. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201908960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lian‐Feng Fan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Shi‐Wei Luo
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Shu‐Sen Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Tian‐Ci Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Pu‐Sheng Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Liu‐Zhu Gong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS China
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39
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Fan L, Luo S, Chen S, Wang T, Wang P, Gong L. Nucleophile Coordination Enabled Regioselectivity in Palladium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic C−H Alkylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201908960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lian‐Feng Fan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Shi‐Wei Luo
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Shu‐Sen Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Tian‐Ci Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Pu‐Sheng Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Liu‐Zhu Gong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS China
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40
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Pohorilets I, Tracey MP, LeClaire MJ, Moore EM, Lu G, Liu P, Koide K. Kinetics and Inverse Temperature Dependence of a Tsuji–Trost Reaction in Aqueous Buffer. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b03011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivanna Pohorilets
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Matthew P. Tracey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Michael J. LeClaire
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Emily M. Moore
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Gang Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Kazunori Koide
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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41
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Hu L, Cai A, Wu Z, Kleij AW, Huang G. A Mechanistic Analysis of the Palladium‐Catalyzed Formation of Branched Allylic Amines Reveals the Origin of the Regio‐ and Enantioselectivity through a Unique Inner‐Sphere Pathway. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201907375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lingfei Hu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Aijie Cai
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Zhenzhen Wu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Arjan W. Kleij
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
- Catalan Institute of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) Pg. Lluís Companys 23 08010 Barcelona Spain
| | - Genping Huang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
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42
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Hu L, Cai A, Wu Z, Kleij AW, Huang G. A Mechanistic Analysis of the Palladium‐Catalyzed Formation of Branched Allylic Amines Reveals the Origin of the Regio‐ and Enantioselectivity through a Unique Inner‐Sphere Pathway. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:14694-14702. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201907375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lingfei Hu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Aijie Cai
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Zhenzhen Wu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Arjan W. Kleij
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
- Catalan Institute of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) Pg. Lluís Companys 23 08010 Barcelona Spain
| | - Genping Huang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
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43
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Komatsuda M, Kato H, Muto K, Yamaguchi J. Pd-Catalyzed Dearomative Three-Component Reaction of Bromoarenes with Diazo Compounds and Allylborates. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b03461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Komatsuda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, 3-4-1, Ohkubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kato
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, 3-4-1, Ohkubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Kei Muto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, 3-4-1, Ohkubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Junichiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, 3-4-1, Ohkubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
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44
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Trost BM, Schultz JE, Chang T, Maduabum MR. Chemo-, Regio-, Diastereo-, and Enantioselective Palladium Allylic Alkylation of 1,3-Dioxaboroles as Synthetic Equivalents of α-Hydroxyketones. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:9521-9526. [PMID: 31180647 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b04658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We describe the development of a Pd-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation (Pd-AAA) of acyclic α-hydroxyketones using boronic acids as traceless templates. Condensation of boronic acids with hydroxyketones generates 1,3-dioxaboroles, which can be used directly as pronucleophiles in Pd-AAA reactions. This strategy enables control of the enolate geometry, while removing the issue of O-alkylation. Allylic alcohols can be directly ionized in the presence of Pd(0) and chiral ligands to afford alkylation products with regio- and enantioselectivity. Additionally, a dynamic kinetic asymmetric transformation of allenyl electrophiles affords C-alkylation products in high regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselectivity. To the best of our knowledge, this method represents the first example in Pd-AAA for setting point chirality on a nucleophile simultaneous to stereoinduction on an axial chiral allene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry M Trost
- Department of Chemistry , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Johnathan E Schultz
- Department of Chemistry , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Taiwei Chang
- Department of Chemistry , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Michael R Maduabum
- Department of Chemistry , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
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45
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James J, Jackson M, Guiry PJ. Palladium‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation: Development, Mechanistic Understanding and Recent Advances. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201801575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinju James
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical BiologySchool of ChemistryUniversity College Dublin Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Mark Jackson
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical BiologySchool of ChemistryUniversity College Dublin Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Patrick J. Guiry
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical BiologySchool of ChemistryUniversity College Dublin Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
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46
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Pritchett BP, Stoltz BM. Enantioselective palladium-catalyzed allylic alkylation reactions in the synthesis of Aspidosperma and structurally related monoterpene indole alkaloids. Nat Prod Rep 2019; 35:559-574. [PMID: 29658039 DOI: 10.1039/c7np00069c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to the end of 2017 Enantioselective Pd-catalyzed allylic alkylations of prochiral enolates represent a powerful tool for the construction of all-carbon quaternary stereocenters. This review describes the emergence of such reactions as strategic linchpins that enable efficient, stereocontrolled syntheses of Aspidosperma and related monoterpene indole alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beau P Pritchett
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
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47
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Pratap G, Narasimhaswamy T, Shanmugam P. Palladium (II) Catalyzed Arylation and Methylene Oxidation of 2, 7‐Dibromo Fluorenes with Heteroaryl Esters: Synthesis of Mesogenic2‐Heteroaryl and 2, 7‐Diheteroaryl‐9‐fluorenones. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201803612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gallelli Pratap
- Polymer Science and TechnologyCSIR-Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Adyar Chennai-600020 INDIA
- Academy of Scientific& Innovative Research (AcSIR)CSIR-CLRI Campus, Adyar Chennai-600020 INDIA
| | - Tanneru Narasimhaswamy
- Polymer Science and TechnologyCSIR-Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Adyar Chennai-600020 INDIA
- Academy of Scientific& Innovative Research (AcSIR)CSIR-CLRI Campus, Adyar Chennai-600020 INDIA
| | - Ponnusamy Shanmugam
- Organic and Bio-Organic Chemistry DivisionCSIR-Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Adyar Chennai-600020 INDIA
- Academy of Scientific& Innovative Research (AcSIR)CSIR-CLRI Campus, Adyar Chennai-600020 INDIA
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Building molecular complexity through transition-metal-catalyzed oxidative annulations/cyclizations: Harnessing the utility of phenols, naphthols and 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Liu J, Mishra S, Aponick A. Enol Acetates: Versatile Substrates for the Enantioselective Intermolecular Tsuji Allylation. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:16152-16158. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b08746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Liu
- Florida Center for Heterocyclic Compounds and Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Sourabh Mishra
- Florida Center for Heterocyclic Compounds and Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Aaron Aponick
- Florida Center for Heterocyclic Compounds and Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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McPherson KE, Croatt MP, Morehead AT, Sargent AL. DFT Mechanistic Investigation of an Enantioselective Tsuji–Trost Allylation Reaction. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kate E. McPherson
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27858, United States
| | - Mitchell P. Croatt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Andrew T. Morehead
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27858, United States
| | - Andrew L. Sargent
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27858, United States
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