1
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Clauss ZS, Wardzala CL, Schlirf AE, Wright NS, Saini SS, Onoa B, Bustamante C, Kramer JR. Tunable, biodegradable grafting-from glycopolypeptide bottlebrush polymers. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6472. [PMID: 34753949 PMCID: PMC8578664 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26808-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular glycocalyx and extracellular matrix are rich in glycoproteins and proteoglycans that play essential physical and biochemical roles in all life. Synthetic mimics of these natural bottlebrush polymers have wide applications in biomedicine, yet preparation has been challenged by their high grafting and glycosylation densities. Using one-pot dual-catalysis polymerization of glycan-bearing α-amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides, we report grafting-from glycopolypeptide brushes. The materials are chemically and conformationally tunable where backbone and sidechain lengths were precisely altered, grafting density modulated up to 100%, and glycan density and identity tuned by monomer feed ratios. The glycobrushes are composed entirely of sugars and amino acids, are non-toxic to cells, and are degradable by natural proteases. Inspired by native lipid-anchored proteoglycans, cholesterol-modified glycobrushes were displayed on the surface of live human cells. Our materials overcome long-standing challenges in glycobrush polymer synthesis and offer new opportunities to examine glycan presentation and multivalency from chemically defined scaffolds. Synthetic mimics of glycoproteins and proteoglycans have wide applications in biomedicine, yet preparation has been challenged by their high grafting and glycosylation densities. Here the authors show one-pot dual-catalysis polymerization of glycan-bearing α-amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides to form glycopolypeptide brushes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary S Clauss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84102, USA
| | - Casia L Wardzala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84102, USA
| | - Austin E Schlirf
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84102, USA
| | - Nathaniel S Wright
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84102, USA
| | - Simranpreet S Saini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84102, USA
| | - Bibiana Onoa
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Carlos Bustamante
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Department of Physics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jessica R Kramer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84102, USA. .,Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84102, USA.
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2
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Zhang J, Jin B, Tang G, Luo Y, Li X. Core–Shell Copolymers with Brush-on-Hyperbranched Arm Architecture: Synthesis, Dual Thermoresponsive Behaviors, and Nanocarriers. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Bixin Jin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Gang Tang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yunjun Luo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of High Energy Density Materials, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of High Energy Density Materials, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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3
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4
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Liu Y, Yin L. α-Amino acid N-carboxyanhydride (NCA)-derived synthetic polypeptides for nucleic acids delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 171:139-163. [PMID: 33333206 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, gene therapy has come into the spotlight for the prevention and treatment of a wide range of diseases. Polypeptides have been widely used in mediating nucleic acid delivery, due to their versatilities in chemical structures, desired biodegradability, and low cytotoxicity. Chemistry plays an essential role in the development of innovative polypeptides to address the challenges of producing efficient and safe gene vectors. In this Review, we mainly focused on the latest chemical advances in the design and preparation of polypeptide-based nucleic acid delivery vehicles. We first discussed the synthetic approach of polypeptides via ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of N-carboxyanhydrides (NCAs), and introduced the various types of polypeptide-based gene delivery systems. The extracellular and intracellular barriers against nucleic acid delivery were then outlined, followed by detailed review on the recent advances in polypeptide-based delivery systems that can overcome these barriers to enable in vitro and in vivo gene transfection. Finally, we concluded this review with perspectives in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Lichen Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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5
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Ge C, Ye H, Wu F, Zhu J, Song Z, Liu Y, Yin L. Biological applications of water-soluble polypeptides with ordered secondary structures. J Mater Chem B 2021; 8:6530-6547. [PMID: 32567639 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00902d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Water-soluble polypeptides are a class of synthetic polymers with peptide bond frameworks imitating natural proteins and have broad prospects in biological applications. The regulation and dynamic transition of the secondary structures of water-soluble polypeptides have a great impact on their physio-chemical properties and biological functions. In this review article, we briefly introduce the current strategies to synthesize polypeptides and modulate their secondary structures. We then discuss the factors affecting the conformational stability/transition of polypeptides and the potential impact of side-chain functionalization on the ordered secondary structures, such as α-helix and β-sheet. We then summarize the biological applications of water-soluble polypeptides such as cell penetration, gene delivery, and antimicrobial treatment, highlighting the important roles of ordered secondary structures therein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Ge
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science & Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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6
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Biswas K, Ghosh S, Basu B. Ion-exchange Resins and Polypeptide Supported Catalysts: A Critical Review. CURRENT GREEN CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/2213346107666200204125435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneous catalysis represents one of the important areas in the field of organic synthesis.
Major developments have been emerged during last few decades and polymer-supported catalysts
have been employed successfully in various catalytic organic transformations. Ion-exchange resins
and polypeptides are two important examples of such heterogeneous polymer-supported catalysts
among others because of their easy accessibility, stability, recoverability and reusability. Cross-linked
ion-exchange resins and polypeptides are highly insoluble, which make them better choice in terms of
their easy separation from the reaction mixture and subsequent recyclability. The present review article
provides an overview of different types of ion exchange resins as polymer-supported catalysts such
as amberlite resin, polystyrene resin, polyionic gel-based systems, ion-exchange resins and prolineimmobilized
species, PEG-bound poly (amino acid), amino acid anchored with Merrifild resin, amphiphilic
block polypeptides etc. Their preparation, characterizations and catalytic applications in diverse
organic transformations have been presented with critical analysis on their stability, mechanistic
overview and suitability etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinkar Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, Raiganj University, University Road, Raiganj 733134, India
| | - Sujit Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Raiganj Surendranath Mahavidyalaya, Raiganj 733134, India
| | - Basudeb Basu
- Department of Chemistry, Raiganj University, University Road, Raiganj 733134, India
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7
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Lv S, Kim H, Song Z, Feng L, Yang Y, Baumgartner R, Tseng KY, Dillon SJ, Leal C, Yin L, Cheng J. Unimolecular Polypeptide Micelles via Ultrafast Polymerization of N-Carboxyanhydrides. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:8570-8574. [PMID: 32196323 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Polypeptide micelles are widely used as biocompatible nanoplatforms but often suffer from their poor structural stability. Unimolecular polypeptide micelles can effectively address the structure instability issue, but their synthesis with uniform structure and well-controlled and desired sizes remains challenging. Herein we report the convenient preparation of spherical unimolecular micelles through dendritic polyamine-initiated ultrafast ring-opening polymerization of N-carboxyanhydrides (NCAs). Synthetic polypeptides with exceptionally high molecular weights (up to 85 MDa) and low dispersity (Đ < 1.05) can be readily obtained, which are the biggest synthetic polypeptides ever reported. The degree of polymerization was controlled in a vast range (25-3200), giving access to nearly monodisperse unimolecular micelles with predictable sizes. Many NCA monomers can be polymerized using this ultrafast polymerization method, which enables the incorporation of various structural and functional moieties into the unimolecular micelles. Because of the simplicity of the synthesis and superior control over the structure, the unimolecular polypeptide micelles may find applications in nanomedicine, supermolecular chemistry, and bionanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixian Lv
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hojun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.,Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Ziyuan Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Lin Feng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Yingfeng Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Ryan Baumgartner
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Kuan-Ying Tseng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Shen J Dillon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Cecilia Leal
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Lichen Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jianjun Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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8
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Rasines Mazo A, Allison-Logan S, Karimi F, Chan NJA, Qiu W, Duan W, O’Brien-Simpson NM, Qiao GG. Ring opening polymerization of α-amino acids: advances in synthesis, architecture and applications of polypeptides and their hybrids. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:4737-4834. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00738e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in the synthesis, architectural design and biomedical applications of polypeptides and their hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Rasines Mazo
- Polymer Science Group
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Stephanie Allison-Logan
- Polymer Science Group
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Fatemeh Karimi
- Polymer Science Group
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Nicholas Jun-An Chan
- Polymer Science Group
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Wenlian Qiu
- Polymer Science Group
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Wei Duan
- School of Medicine
- Deakin University
- Geelong
- Australia
| | - Neil M. O’Brien-Simpson
- Centre for Oral Health Research
- Melbourne Dental School and the Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Greg G. Qiao
- Polymer Science Group
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
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9
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Song Z, Tan Z, Cheng J. Recent Advances and Future Perspectives of Synthetic Polypeptides from N-Carboxyanhydrides. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyuan Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Zhengzhong Tan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jianjun Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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10
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Cai C, Lin J, Lu Y, Zhang Q, Wang L. Polypeptide self-assemblies: nanostructures and bioapplications. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 45:5985-6012. [PMID: 27722321 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00013d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Polypeptide copolymers can self-assemble into diverse aggregates. The morphology and structure of aggregates can be varied by changing molecular architectures, self-assembling conditions, and introducing secondary components such as polymers and nanoparticles. Polypeptide self-assemblies have gained significant attention because of their potential applications as delivery vehicles for therapeutic payloads and as additives in the biomimetic mineralization of inorganics. This review article provides an overview of recent advances in nanostructures and bioapplications related to polypeptide self-assemblies. We highlight recent contributions to developing strategies for the construction of polypeptide assemblies with increasing complexity and novel functionality that are suitable for bioapplications. The relationship between the structure and properties of the polypeptide aggregates is emphasized. Finally, we briefly outline our perspectives and discuss the challenges in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Cai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Jiaping Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Yingqing Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Qian Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Liquan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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11
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Li P, Song Y, Dong CM. Hyperbranched polypeptides synthesized from phototriggered ROP of a photocaged Nε-[1-(2-nitrophenyl)ethoxycarbonyl]-l-lysine-N-carboxyanhydride: microstructures and effects of irradiation intensity and nitrogen flow rate. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py00641e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A new photocaged amino acid monomer Nε-(1-(2-nitrophenyl)ethoxycarbonyl)-l-lysine-N-carboxyanhydride (NPE-Lys NCA) was designed to directly synthesize hyperbranched polypeptides by phototriggered ROP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- P. R. China
| | - Yingying Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- P. R. China
| | - Chang-Ming Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- P. R. China
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12
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González-Henríquez CM, Sarabia-Vallejos MA, Rodríguez-Hernández J. Strategies to Fabricate Polypeptide-Based Structures via Ring-Opening Polymerization of N-Carboxyanhydrides. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E551. [PMID: 30965855 PMCID: PMC6418556 DOI: 10.3390/polym9110551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we provide a general and clear overview about the different alternatives reported to fabricate a myriad of polypeptide architectures based on the ring-opening polymerization of N-carbonyanhydrides (ROP NCAs). First of all, the strategies for the preparation of NCA monomers directly from natural occurring or from modified amino acids are analyzed. The synthetic alternatives to prepare non-functionalized and functionalized NCAs are presented. Protection/deprotection protocols, as well as other functionalization chemistries are discussed in this section. Later on, the mechanisms involved in the ROP NCA polymerization, as well as the strategies developed to reduce the eventually occurring side reactions are presented. Finally, a general overview of the synthetic strategies described in the literature to fabricate different polypeptide architectures is provided. This part of the review is organized depending on the complexity of the macromolecular topology prepared. Therefore, linear homopolypeptides, random and block copolypeptides are described first. The next sections include cyclic and branched polymers such as star polypeptides, polymer brushes and highly branched structures including arborescent or dendrigraft structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen M González-Henríquez
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Matemáticas y del Medio Ambiente, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, P.O. Box 9845, Correo 21, Santiago 7800003, Chile.
| | - Mauricio A Sarabia-Vallejos
- Departamento de Ingeniería Estructural y Geotecnia, Escuela de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, P.O. Box 306, Correo 22, Santiago 7820436, Chile.
| | - Juan Rodríguez-Hernández
- Departamento de Química y Propiedades de Polímeros, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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13
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Fan J, Borguet YP, Su L, Nguyen TP, Wang H, He X, Zou J, Wooley KL. Two-Dimensional Controlled Syntheses of Polypeptide Molecular Brushes via N-Carboxyanhydride Ring-Opening Polymerization and Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization. ACS Macro Lett 2017; 6:1031-1035. [PMID: 28966880 PMCID: PMC5617330 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.7b00603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Well-defined molecular brushes bearing polypeptides as side chains were prepared by a "grafting through" synthetic strategy with two-dimensional control over the brush molecular architectures. By integrating N-carboxyanhydride ring-opening polymerizations (NCA ROPs) and ring-opening metathesis polymerizations (ROMPs), desirable segment lengths of polypeptide side chains and polynorbornene brush backbones were independently constructed in controlled manners. The N2 flow accelerated NCA ROP was utilized to prepare polypeptide macromonomers with different lengths initiated from a norbornene-based primary amine, and those macromonomers were then polymerized via ROMP. It was found that a mixture of dichloromethane and an ionic liquid were required as the solvent system to allow for construction of molecular brush polymers having densely-grafted peptide chains emanating from a polynorbornene backbone, poly(norbornene-graft-poly(β-benzyl-l-aspartate)) (P(NB-g-PBLA)). Highly efficient postpolymerization modification was achieved by aminolysis of PBLA side chains for facile installment of functional moieties onto the molecular brushes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Fan
- Departments of Chemistry,
Chemical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Laboratory
for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas
A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77842, United
States
| | - Yannick P. Borguet
- Departments of Chemistry,
Chemical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Laboratory
for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas
A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77842, United
States
| | - Lu Su
- Departments of Chemistry,
Chemical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Laboratory
for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas
A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77842, United
States
| | - Tan P. Nguyen
- Departments of Chemistry,
Chemical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Laboratory
for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas
A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77842, United
States
| | - Hai Wang
- Departments of Chemistry,
Chemical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Laboratory
for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas
A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77842, United
States
| | - Xun He
- Departments of Chemistry,
Chemical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Laboratory
for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas
A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77842, United
States
| | - Jiong Zou
- Departments of Chemistry,
Chemical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Laboratory
for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas
A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77842, United
States
| | - Karen L. Wooley
- Departments of Chemistry,
Chemical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Laboratory
for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas
A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77842, United
States
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14
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Baumgartner R, Kuai D, Cheng J. Synthesis of controlled, high-molecular weight poly(l-glutamic acid) brush polymers. Biomater Sci 2017; 5:1836-1844. [PMID: 28664205 PMCID: PMC6716790 DOI: 10.1039/c7bm00339k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and characterization of high-molecular weight poly(l-glutamic acid) based brush polymers. Utilizing a combination of ring-opening metathesis polymerization of norbornene based monomers and ring-opening polymerization of γ-benzyl-l-glutamate N-carboxyanhydride, high-molecular weight γ-benzyl protected poly(l-glutamic acid) brush polymers are synthesized. Controlled and complete deprotection of the benzyl groups using trimethylsilyl iodide resulted in poly(l-glutamic acid) based brush polymers with molecular weights up to 3.6 MDa, which may potentially be used to prepare size-controlled unimolecular polymeric nanomedicine for drug delivery applications. Camptothecin brush poly(l-glutamic acid) conjugates were prepared and their stability, drug release kinetics, and in vitro toxicity were studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Baumgartner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
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15
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Carlini A, Adamiak L, Gianneschi NC. Biosynthetic Polymers as Functional Materials. Macromolecules 2016; 49:4379-4394. [PMID: 27375299 PMCID: PMC4928144 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of functional polymers encoded with biomolecules has been an extensive area of research for decades. As such, a diverse toolbox of polymerization techniques and bioconjugation methods has been developed. The greatest impact of this work has been in biomedicine and biotechnology, where fully synthetic and naturally derived biomolecules are used cooperatively. Despite significant improvements in biocompatible and functionally diverse polymers, our success in the field is constrained by recognized limitations in polymer architecture control, structural dynamics, and biostabilization. This Perspective discusses the current status of functional biosynthetic polymers and highlights innovative strategies reported within the past five years that have made great strides in overcoming the aforementioned barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea
S. Carlini
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California,
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Lisa Adamiak
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California,
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Nathan C. Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California,
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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16
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Ren JM, Ishitake K, Satoh K, Blencowe A, Fu Q, Wong EHH, Kamigaito M, Qiao GG. Stereoregular High-Density Bottlebrush Polymer and Its Organic Nanocrystal Stereocomplex through Triple-Helix Formation. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing M. Ren
- Polymer
Science Group, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Kenji Ishitake
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Kotaro Satoh
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Anton Blencowe
- Polymer
Science Group, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Qiang Fu
- Polymer
Science Group, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Edgar H. H. Wong
- Polymer
Science Group, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Masami Kamigaito
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Greg G. Qiao
- Polymer
Science Group, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia
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17
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Ahrens CC, Welch ME, Griffith LG, Hammond PT. Uncharged Helical Modular Polypeptide Hydrogels for Cellular Scaffolds. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:3774-83. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b01076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline C. Ahrens
- Department of Chemical Engineering, ‡Koch Institute for
Integrative
Cancer Research, §Department of Biological Engineering, and ∥Center for Gynepathology Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts United States
| | - M. Elizabeth Welch
- Department of Chemical Engineering, ‡Koch Institute for
Integrative
Cancer Research, §Department of Biological Engineering, and ∥Center for Gynepathology Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts United States
| | - Linda G. Griffith
- Department of Chemical Engineering, ‡Koch Institute for
Integrative
Cancer Research, §Department of Biological Engineering, and ∥Center for Gynepathology Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts United States
| | - Paula T. Hammond
- Department of Chemical Engineering, ‡Koch Institute for
Integrative
Cancer Research, §Department of Biological Engineering, and ∥Center for Gynepathology Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts United States
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J. Deming
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, 5121 Engineering 5, Los
Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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19
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Yuan QL, Liu WJ, Deng Y, Ling Y, Tang HY. Synthesis, characterization and phase behaviors of polypeptides bearing biphenyl mesogens and oligo-ethylene-glycol tails. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-015-1665-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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20
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Hörtz C, Birke A, Kaps L, Decker S, Wächtersbach E, Fischer K, Schuppan D, Barz M, Schmidt M. Cylindrical Brush Polymers with Polysarcosine Side Chains: A Novel Biocompatible Carrier for Biomedical Applications. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/ma502497x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hörtz
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Welder Weg
11, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Alexander Birke
- Institute
for Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg
10-14, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Leonard Kaps
- Institute
of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy,
University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse
1, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sandra Decker
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Welder Weg
11, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Eva Wächtersbach
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Welder Weg
11, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Karl Fischer
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Welder Weg
11, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Institute
of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy,
University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse
1, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Barz
- Institute
for Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg
10-14, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Manfred Schmidt
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Welder Weg
11, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
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21
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Wei Z, Zhu S, Zhao H. Brush macromolecules with thermo-sensitive coil backbones and pendant polypeptide side chains: synthesis, self-assembly and functionalization. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py01268b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Macromolecular brushes with thermo-sensitive coil backbones and pendant poly(γ-benzyl-l-glutamate) side chains were synthesized by reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer and ring-opening polymerization. Functionalization and self-assembly of the macromolecules were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Department of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
| | - Shuzhe Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Department of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
| | - Hanying Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Department of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
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22
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Jiang ZQ, Xue YX, Chen JL, Yu ZP, Liu N, Yin J, Zhu YY, Wu ZQ. One-Pot Synthesis of Brush Copolymers Bearing Stereoregular Helical Polyisocyanides as Side Chains through Tandem Catalysis. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma502283f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qiang Jiang
- Department
of Polymer Science
and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology and Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Devices, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Ya-Xin Xue
- Department
of Polymer Science
and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology and Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Devices, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Jia-Li Chen
- Department
of Polymer Science
and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology and Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Devices, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Yu
- Department
of Polymer Science
and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology and Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Devices, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department
of Polymer Science
and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology and Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Devices, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Jun Yin
- Department
of Polymer Science
and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology and Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Devices, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhu
- Department
of Polymer Science
and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology and Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Devices, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Zong-Quan Wu
- Department
of Polymer Science
and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology and Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Devices, Hefei 230009, China
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23
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Abstract
Self-assembly of random copolymers has attracted considerable attention recently. In this feature article, we highlight the use of random copolymers to prepare nanostructures with different morphologies and to prepare nanomaterials that are responsive to single or multiple stimuli. The synthesis of single-chain nanoparticles from random copolymers and their potential applications are also discussed in some detail. We aim to draw more attention to these easily accessible copolymers, which are likely to play an important role in translational polymer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longyu Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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24
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Deng C, Wu J, Cheng R, Meng F, Klok HA, Zhong Z. Functional polypeptide and hybrid materials: Precision synthesis via α-amino acid N-carboxyanhydride polymerization and emerging biomedical applications. Prog Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2013.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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25
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Lu H, Wang J, Song Z, Yin L, Zhang Y, Tang H, Tu C, Lin Y, Cheng J. Recent advances in amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides and synthetic polypeptides: chemistry, self-assembly and biological applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:139-55. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc46317f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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26
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Weller D, McDaniel JR, Fischer K, Chilkoti A, Schmidt M. Cylindrical Polymer Brushes with Elastin-Like Polypeptide Side Chains. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma400917t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Désirée Weller
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Mainz, Jakob-Welder Weg 11, 55099 Mainz,
Germany
- Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Staudinger Weg 9, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jonathan R. McDaniel
- Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North
Carolina 27708-0181,
United States
| | - Karl Fischer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Mainz, Jakob-Welder Weg 11, 55099 Mainz,
Germany
| | - Ashutosh Chilkoti
- Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North
Carolina 27708-0181,
United States
| | - Manfred Schmidt
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Mainz, Jakob-Welder Weg 11, 55099 Mainz,
Germany
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27
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SYNTHESIS OF TOOTHBRUSH COPOLYPEPTIDES BASED ON POLYLYSINE BACKBONE. ACTA POLYM SIN 2013. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1105.2013.12424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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28
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Rhodes AJ, Deming TJ. Soluble, Clickable Polypeptides from Azide-Containing N-Carboxyanhydride Monomers. ACS Macro Lett 2013; 2:351-354. [PMID: 35581836 DOI: 10.1021/mz4001089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We report a method for the synthesis of soluble, well-defined, azide-functionalized polypeptides via living polymerization of new azide-containing amino acid N-carboxyanhydride (NCA) monomers. Homo and diblock azidopolypeptides were prepared with controlled segment lengths using (PMe3)4Co initiator and were subsequently modified by reaction with functional alkyne reagents. The azide groups were found to be quantitatively converted to the corresponding triazole derivatives, and the functionalized polymers were obtained in high yield. This methodology provides a facile and straightforward method for preparation of functional and side-chain reactive, high molecular weight polypeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison J. Rhodes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and ‡Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Timothy J. Deming
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and ‡Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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29
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Ding J, Zhao L, Li D, Xiao C, Zhuang X, Chen X. Thermo-responsive “hairy-rod” polypeptides for smart antitumor drug delivery. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py00144j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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30
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Synthesis and Self-Assembly of Well-Defined Block Copolypeptides via Controlled NCA Polymerization. HIERARCHICAL MACROMOLECULAR STRUCTURES: 60 YEARS AFTER THE STAUDINGER NOBEL PRIZE II 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2013_234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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