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Woźny M, Trzybiński D, Dąbrowa K, Narodowiec J, Woźniak K. Monosulfonated dibenzo-24-crown-8 and its properties. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:5308-5318. [PMID: 35730366 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00851c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we describe a method for preparing a monosulfonated dibenzo-24-crown-8 ether, SDB24C8, by direct sulfonation of the parent crown (DB24C8). Since neutral DB24C8 readily interacts with cationic guests, permanently charged SDB24C8 is an advantageous candidate for future supramolecular applications. SDB24C8 can be isolated as a sulfonic acid to be used as it is or converted to a salt of choice. The crystallographic analysis provides the first known host-guest assembly with a DB24C8-based scaffold complexing hydronium and potassium cations. Supramolecular investigations of the interactions of this anionic macrocycle with alkali cations were also performed. According to the expectations, the introduction of the sulfonic group into the DB24C8 scaffold increases the affinities of the receptor. An unusual selectivity of SDB24C8 towards a sodium cation was also observed and further investigated with DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Woźny
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - D Trzybiński
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Chemistry Department, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland
| | - K Dąbrowa
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - J Narodowiec
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - K Woźniak
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Chemistry Department, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland
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2
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Navarro-Huerta A, Jellen MJ, Arcudia J, Teat SJ, Toscano RA, Merino G, Rodríguez-Molina B. Tailoring the cavities of hydrogen-bonded amphidynamic crystals using weak contacts: towards faster molecular machines. Chem Sci 2020; 12:2181-2188. [PMID: 34163983 PMCID: PMC8179257 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05899h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This work describes the use of C–H⋯F–C contacts in the solid-state from the stator towards the rotator to fine-tune their internal motion, by constructing a set of interactions that generate close-fitting cavities in three supramolecular rotors 1–3I. The crystal structures of these rotors, determined by synchrotron radiation experiments at different temperatures, show the presence of such C–H⋯F–C contacts between extended carbazole stators featuring fluorinated phenyl rings and the 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) rotator. According to the 2H NMR results, using deuterated samples, and periodic density functional theory computations, the rotators experience fast angular displacements (preferentially 120° jumps) due to their low rotational activation energies (Ea = 0.8–2.0 kcal mol−1). The higher rotational barrier for 1 (2.0 kcal mol−1) is associated with a larger number of weak C–H⋯F–C contacts generated by the stators. This strategy offers the possibility to explore the correlation among weak intermolecular forces, cavity shape, and internal dynamics, which has strong implications in the design of future fine-tuned amphidynamic crystals. This work describes the use of C–H⋯F–C contacts in the solid-state from the stator towards the rotator to fine-tune their internal motion, by constructing a set of interactions that generate close-fitting cavities in three supramolecular rotors 1–3I.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Navarro-Huerta
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria 04510 Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - Marcus J Jellen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles California 90095 USA
| | - Jessica Arcudia
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados Unidad Mérida, Km 6 Antigua Carretera a Progreso, Apdo. Postal 73, Cordemex Mérida 97310 Yucatán Mexico
| | - Simon J Teat
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720-8229 USA
| | - Rubén A Toscano
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria 04510 Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - Gabriel Merino
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados Unidad Mérida, Km 6 Antigua Carretera a Progreso, Apdo. Postal 73, Cordemex Mérida 97310 Yucatán Mexico
| | - Braulio Rodríguez-Molina
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria 04510 Ciudad de México Mexico
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3
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Concellón A, Romero P, Marcos M, Barberá J, Sánchez-Somolinos C, Mizobata M, Ogoshi T, Serrano JL, Del Barrio J. Coumarin-Containing Pillar[5]arenes as Multifunctional Liquid Crystal Macrocycles. J Org Chem 2020; 85:8944-8951. [PMID: 32545956 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Liquid crystal macrocycles (LCMs) combine the unique properties of liquid crystals with those associated with macrocyclic compounds-shape persistence and the capability of hosting small molecules. Herein, we investigate the grafting of coumarin-containing promesogenic moieties to pillar[5]arene as a strategy to obtain multifunctional LCMs. Pillar[5]arenes containing 10 and 30 coumarin units are glassy materials with nematic mesomorphism. Moreover, the coumarin moieties afford the pillar[5]arene derivatives with enhanced film-forming and photoresponsive properties. Photodimerization of the coumarin moieties results in cross-linked polymer networks, which can be used as alignment layers. Therefore, liquid-crystal coumarin-containing pillar[5]arenes represent a significant addition to the family of LCMs and may become useful for the development of engineered, hierarchical structures and materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Concellón
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar Romero
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Mercedes Marcos
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Joaquín Barberá
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carlos Sánchez-Somolinos
- Departamento de Fı́sica de la Materia Condensada, ICMA, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain.,CIBER in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Masayuki Mizobata
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Tomoki Ogoshi
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.,Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - José Luis Serrano
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Nanociencia de Aragón (INA), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jesús Del Barrio
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Nanociencia de Aragón (INA), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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4
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Yamada S, Tanaka T, Ichikawa T, Konno T. Novel V- and Y-Shaped Light-Emitting Liquid Crystals with Pentafluorinated Bistolane-Based Luminophores. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:3922-3932. [PMID: 31459601 PMCID: PMC6649111 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b03543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we describe the synthesis of novel light-emitting liquid-crystalline (LC) compounds bearing pentafluorinated bistolane-based luminophores with a V- or a Y-shaped molecular geometry and the evaluation of their LC and photophysical characteristics. The V- or Y-shaped compounds exhibited a unique LC phase and showed photoluminescence (PL) behavior under various circumstances, such as in dilute solution or in the solid state. Notably, PL characteristics were observed even under high-temperature conditions with a crystal (Cr) to LC phase transition, although the PL efficiency (Φ PL) was gradually reduced because of thermal molecular motion. Interestingly, Φ PL was found to be completely recovered through the LC → Cr phase transition during the cooling process; the PL characteristics of the V- or Y-shaped compounds were sensitively changed by external thermal stress, giving these compounds the ability to act as thermoresponsive PL sensing materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeyuki Yamada
- Faculty
of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Tanaka
- Faculty
of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ichikawa
- Department
of Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Agriculture
and Technology, Nakacho
2-24-16, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Konno
- Faculty
of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
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5
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Vukotic VN, Zhu K, Baggi G, Loeb SJ. Optical Distinction between "Slow" and "Fast" Translational Motion in Degenerate Molecular Shuttles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:6136-6141. [PMID: 28145633 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201612549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A series of six [2]rotaxane molecular shuttles was designed which contain an axle with a benzo-bis(imidazole) core (in either a neutral or dicationic form) and a single 24-membered, crown ether wheel (24C6, B24C6, or DMB24C6), and the shuttling rates of the ring along the axle were determined. The charged versions showed much slower shuttling rates as a result of the increase in noncovalent interactions between the axle and wheel. The [2]rotaxane with a B24C6 wheel shows a difference in fluorescence between the charged and neutral species, while the [2]rotaxane with a DMB24C6 wheel exhibits a difference in color between the charged and neutral compounds. These changes in optical properties can be attributed to the structural differences in the co-conformations of the [2]rotaxane as they adapt to the changes in acid/base chemistry. This allowed the relative rate of the translational motion of a molecular shuttle to be determined by observation of a simple optical probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Nicholas Vukotic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Kelong Zhu
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P.R. China
| | - Giorgio Baggi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Stephen J Loeb
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, N9B 3P4, Canada
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6
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Vukotic VN, Zhu K, Baggi G, Loeb SJ. Optical Distinction between “Slow” and “Fast” Translational Motion in Degenerate Molecular Shuttles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201612549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Nicholas Vukotic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Windsor; Windsor Ontario N9B 3P4 Canada
| | - Kelong Zhu
- School of Chemistry; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou 510275 P.R. China
| | - Giorgio Baggi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Windsor; Windsor Ontario N9B 3P4 Canada
| | - Stephen J. Loeb
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Windsor; Windsor Ontario N9B 3P4 Canada
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7
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Wang CL, Zhou L, Zhang L, Xiang JF, Rambo BM, Sessler JL, Gong HY. Discrete 1 : 1 complexes and higher order assemblies formed from aminobenzene sulphonate anions and a tetraimidazolium “molecular box”. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:3669-3672. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc01114h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Aminobenzene sulphonate species having different isomeric patterns act as substrates for a tetracationic molecular box.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Ling Wang
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Li Zhou
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Inspection and Quarantine Technical Center of Chongqing Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau
- Chongqing
- P. R. China
| | - Jun-Feng Xiang
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Brett M. Rambo
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Texas at Austin
- Austin
- USA
| | - Jonathan L. Sessler
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Texas at Austin
- Austin
- USA
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis
| | - Han-Yuan Gong
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
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8
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Mao L, Pan W, Fu Y, Chen L, Xu M, Ren Y, Feng W, Yuan L. Reversibly Tunable Lower Critical Solution Temperature Behavior Induced by H-Bonded Aromatic Amide Macrocycle and Imidazolium Host–Guest Complexation. Org Lett 2016; 19:18-21. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b03125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Mao
- College of Chemistry, Key
Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education,
Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Key State Laboratory
of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Wang Pan
- College of Chemistry, Key
Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education,
Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Key State Laboratory
of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yonghong Fu
- College of Chemistry, Key
Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education,
Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Key State Laboratory
of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Lixi Chen
- College of Chemistry, Key
Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education,
Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Key State Laboratory
of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Min Xu
- College of Chemistry, Key
Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education,
Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Key State Laboratory
of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yi Ren
- College of Chemistry, Key
Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education,
Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Key State Laboratory
of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Wen Feng
- College of Chemistry, Key
Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education,
Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Key State Laboratory
of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Lihua Yuan
- College of Chemistry, Key
Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education,
Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Key State Laboratory
of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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9
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Zhu K, Vukotic VN, Loeb SJ. Acid-Base Switchable [2]- and [3]Rotaxane Molecular Shuttles with Benzimidazolium and Bis(pyridinium) Recognition Sites. Chem Asian J 2016; 11:3258-3266. [PMID: 27671841 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201601179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
For the purpose of developing higher level mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs), such as molecular switches and machines, a new rotaxane system was designed in which both the 1,2-bis(pyridinium)ethane and benzimidazolium recognition templating motifs were combined. These two very different recognition sites were successfully incorporated into [2]rotaxane and [3]rotaxane molecular shuttles which were fully characterized by 1 H NMR, 2D EXSY, single-crystal X-ray diffraction and VT NMR analysis. By utilizing benzimidazolium as both a recognition site and stoppering group it was possible to create not only an acid/base switchable [2]rotaxane molecular shuttle (energy barrier 20.9 kcal⋅mol-1 ) but also a [3]rotaxane molecular shuttle that displays unique dynamic behavior involving the simultaneous motion of two macrocyclic wheels on a single dumbbell. This study provides new insights into the design of switchable molecular shuttles. Due to the unique properties of benzimidazoles, such as fluorescence and metal coordination, this new type of molecular shuttle may find further applications in developing functional molecular machines and materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelong Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - V Nicholas Vukotic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Stephen J Loeb
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, N9B 3P4, Canada
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10
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A Porphyrin-Based Discrete Tetragonal Prismatic Cage: Host-Guest Complexation and Its Application in Tuning Liquid-Crystalline Behavior. Macromol Rapid Commun 2016; 37:1540-7. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201600280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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11
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Ma X, Zhang J, Cao J, Yao X, Cao T, Gong Y, Zhao C, Tian H. A room temperature phosphorescence encoding [2]rotaxane molecular shuttle. Chem Sci 2016; 7:4582-4588. [PMID: 30155105 PMCID: PMC6016324 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc00769d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel bistable molecular shuttle, composed of a Pt(ii) porphyrin-containing dibenzo[24]crown-8 macrocycle threaded onto two different recognition sites (secondary dialkylammonium (NH2+) and 4,4'-bipyridinium (Bpym2+) units), and the anthracene (Anth) moiety as one terminal stopper, was synthesized by click chemistry. Its acid-base switchable shuttling could be addressed by both the room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) emission signals of the Pt(ii) porphyrin moiety and the fluorescence emission of the Anth unit, as well as their lifetime changes. When the macrocycle was switched to be located on the NH2+ site close to Anth, the Pt(ii) porphyrin moiety exhibited strong RTP emission, excited in the Anth band at 370 nm. This was due to the distance-dependent efficient singlet energy transfer between the Anth unit and the porphyrin moiety, followed by intersystem crossing from a singlet to a triplet state in Pt(ii) porphyrin, while its RTP emission dramatically decreased when located on the Bpym2+ site far from the Anth unit. When excited in the porphyrin band at 402 nm, the RTP emission lifetimes changed obviously. This is the first rotaxane-type molecular shuttle whose shuttling has been encoded by RTP signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ma
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals , East China University of Science & Technology , Shanghai 200237 , P. R. China .
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals , East China University of Science & Technology , Shanghai 200237 , P. R. China .
| | - Jingjing Cao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals , East China University of Science & Technology , Shanghai 200237 , P. R. China .
| | - Xuyang Yao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals , East China University of Science & Technology , Shanghai 200237 , P. R. China .
| | - Tiantian Cao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals , East China University of Science & Technology , Shanghai 200237 , P. R. China .
| | - Yifan Gong
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals , East China University of Science & Technology , Shanghai 200237 , P. R. China .
| | - Chunchang Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals , East China University of Science & Technology , Shanghai 200237 , P. R. China .
| | - He Tian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals , East China University of Science & Technology , Shanghai 200237 , P. R. China .
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12
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Farahani N, Zhu K, O'Keefe CA, Schurko RW, Loeb SJ. Thermally Driven Dynamics of a Rotaxane Wheel about an Imidazolium Axle inside a Metal-Organic Framework. Chempluschem 2016; 81:836-841. [PMID: 31968814 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201600176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A new mechanically interlocked molecular linker was prepared by using ring-closing metathesis (Grubbs I) to clip a [24]crown-6 ether wheel around an axle containing both Y-shaped diphenylimidazole and isophthalic acid groups. A metal-organic framework (MOF) material was prepared using this linker and ZnII ions. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiments showed that the MOF contains an imidazolium-based rotaxane linked by dimeric [Zn2 (NO3 )(DEF)] secondary building units (SBUs). Variable-temperature (VT), 2 H solid-state NMR spectroscopy was used to characterize the motion of the "soft" wheel component around the rigid "hard" lattice of the framework. At higher temperatures (above 150 °C), it was demonstrated that the 24-membered, macrocyclic ring of the MOF undergoes rapid, thermally driven rotation about the axle inside the voids of the lattice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Farahani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Kelong Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Christopher A O'Keefe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Robert W Schurko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Stephen J Loeb
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
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13
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Viljoen E, Zhu K, Loeb SJ. From Binuclear Complexes to Molecular Necklaces: Incorporating Flexible Ligands into Rotaxanes. Chemistry 2016; 22:7479-84. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Viljoen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Windsor Windsor Ontario N9B 3P4 Canada
| | - Kelong Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Windsor Windsor Ontario N9B 3P4 Canada
| | - Stephen J. Loeb
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Windsor Windsor Ontario N9B 3P4 Canada
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14
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Goossens K, Lava K, Bielawski CW, Binnemans K. Ionic Liquid Crystals: Versatile Materials. Chem Rev 2016; 116:4643-807. [PMID: 27088310 DOI: 10.1021/cr400334b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 411] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This Review covers the recent developments (2005-2015) in the design, synthesis, characterization, and application of thermotropic ionic liquid crystals. It was designed to give a comprehensive overview of the "state-of-the-art" in the field. The discussion is focused on low molar mass and dendrimeric thermotropic ionic mesogens, as well as selected metal-containing compounds (metallomesogens), but some references to polymeric and/or lyotropic ionic liquid crystals and particularly to ionic liquids will also be provided. Although zwitterionic and mesoionic mesogens are also treated to some extent, emphasis will be directed toward liquid-crystalline materials consisting of organic cations and organic/inorganic anions that are not covalently bound but interact via electrostatic and other noncovalent interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Goossens
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F, P.O. Box 2404, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Kathleen Lava
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F, P.O. Box 2404, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium.,Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University , Krijgslaan 281 S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christopher W Bielawski
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry and Department of Energy Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea
| | - Koen Binnemans
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F, P.O. Box 2404, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
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15
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Karmakar A, Kundu K, Ghosh S, Mukhopadhyay C, Nayak SK, Chaudhuri T. Recognition of steric factor in external association of xanthenocrown-5 and bis-napthalenocrown-6 with bis(benzimidazolium)propane borontetrafluoride. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2016; 159:141-145. [PMID: 26836456 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2016.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Revised: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This is the first report of charge transfer band for crown-axel H-bonding interaction in acetonitrile medium. Monte Carlo simulation established external association of small cavity crown with BBIM-propane dication axels. Resonance energy, binding constant and ratiometric detection of association of xanthenocrown-5 (1) and bis-napthalenocrown-6 (2) with bis-(benzimidazolium)propane borontetrafluoride (3a-3d) in acetonitrile determined the effect of steric factor towards association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Animesh Karmakar
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Bhupendranath Dutta Smriti Mahavidyalaya, Burdwan 713407, India
| | - Kshama Kundu
- Bio-Organic Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Sabari Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 APC Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Chhanda Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 APC Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Sandip K Nayak
- Bio-Organic Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Tandrima Chaudhuri
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Bhupendranath Dutta Smriti Mahavidyalaya, Burdwan 713407, India.
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16
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He H, Sevick EM, Williams DRM. Fast switching from isotropic liquids to nematic liquid crystals: rotaxanes as smart fluids. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:16541-4. [PMID: 26419821 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc07048a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We examine a solution of rod-like piston-rotaxanes, which can switch their length by external excitation (for example optically) from a short state of length L to a long state of length qL. We show that this solution can exhibit a number of different behaviours. In particular it can rapidly switch from an isotropic to a nematic liquid crystalline state. There is a minimum ratio q* = 1.13 for which transitions from a pure isotropic state to a pure nematic state are possible. We present a phase-switching diagram, which gives the six possible behaviours for this system. It turns out that a large fraction of the phase switching diagram is occupied by the transition from a pure isotropic to a pure nematic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao He
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Edith M Sevick
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - David R M Williams
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Research School of Physical Sciences & Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
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17
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Jie K, Zhou Y, Yao Y, Shi B, Huang F. CO₂-Responsive Pillar[5]arene-Based Molecular Recognition in Water: Establishment and Application in Gas-Controlled Self-Assembly and Release. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:10472-5. [PMID: 26248035 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b05960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Here we developed a novel CO2-responsive pillararene-based molecular recognition motif established from a water-soluble pillar[5]arene and an anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfonate (SDS). The inclusion complex acted as a supramolecular amphiphile and self-assembled into spherical bilayer vesicles as confirmed by DLS, SEM, and TEM experiments. These vesicles were disrupted upon bubbling N2 or adding much more SDS to eliminate the inclusion complex. The assembly and disassembly of vesicles were successfully employed in gas and surfactant triggered releases of calcein, a water-soluble dye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kecheng Jie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yujuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, P. R. China
| | - Bingbing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, P. R. China
| | - Feihe Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, P. R. China
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18
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Xue M, Yang Y, Chi X, Yan X, Huang F. Development of Pseudorotaxanes and Rotaxanes: From Synthesis to Stimuli-Responsive Motions to Applications. Chem Rev 2015; 115:7398-501. [DOI: 10.1021/cr5005869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 605] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuzhou Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feihe Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
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19
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Kim DY, Park M, Lee SA, Kim S, Hsu CH, Kim N, Kuo SW, Yoon TH, Jeong KU. Hierarchical superstructures from a star-shaped molecule consisting of a cyclic oligosiloxane with cyanobiphenyl moieties. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:58-68. [PMID: 25407404 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm02239d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Unconventional star-shaped liquid crystals (abbreviated as SiLCs) were successfully synthesized by chemically connecting four cyanobiphenyl anisotropic mesogens to the periphery of a super-hydrophobic and ultra-flexible cyclic tetramethyltetrasiloxane ring with flexible hexyl chains. Based on the combined experimental techniques of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), cross-polarized optical microscopy (POM), solid-state carbon-13 ((13)C) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and one-dimensional (1D) wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), it was found that the SiLC molecule exhibited the monotropic phase transition from a LC phase to a crystalline phase. The crystalline phase was only detected during slow heating processes above its glass transition temperature, while a LC phase was formed both during cooling and during heating processes. The hierarchical superstructures were identified from the structure-sensitive 2D WAXD of the macroscopically oriented SiLC film and confirmed by selected area electron diffraction (SAED) of the SiLC single crystals. The molecular packing symmetry in the monoclinic unit cell was further investigated by computer simulations on the real and reciprocal spaces. Macroscopically oriented SiLC hierarchical superstructures on the different length scales may provide the targeted physical properties, which can allow us to apply SiLC molecules in the fields of electro-optical devices and nonlinear optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Yoon Kim
- Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology & Polymer Materials Fusion Research Center, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756, Korea.
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20
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El-Ballouli AO, Kayal H, Shuai C, Zeidan TA, Raad FS, Leng S, Wex B, Cheng SZ, Eichhorn SH, Kaafarani BR. Lateral extension induces columnar mesomorphism in crucifix shaped quinoxalinophenanthrophenazines. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Gong HY, Tang F, Rambo BM, Cao R, Xiang JF, Sessler JL. Aromatic sulfonate anion-induced pseudorotaxanes: environmentally benign synthesis, selectivity, and structural characterization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:1795-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc08284b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aromatic sulfonates allow the effective construction of anion-containing pseudorotaxanes from a tetracationic macrocycle known as the “Texas box” in organic media and under organic-free aqueous conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Yuan Gong
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University Beijing
- Xinjiekouwaidajie 19
- P. R. China
| | - Feng Tang
- Department of Chemistry
- Renmin University of China Beijing
- Zhongguanchundajie 59
- P. R. China
| | - Brett M. Rambo
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Texas at Austin 105 E
- Austin
- USA
| | - Rui Cao
- Department of Chemistry
- Renmin University of China Beijing
- Zhongguanchundajie 59
- P. R. China
| | - Jun-Feng Xiang
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing
- Zhongguanchunbeiyijie 2
- P. R. China
| | - Jonathan L. Sessler
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing
- Zhongguanchunbeiyijie 2
- P. R. China
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22
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Pitto-Barry A, Barry NPE, Russo V, Heinrich B, Donnio B, Therrien B, Deschenaux R. Designing Supramolecular Liquid-Crystalline Hybrids from Pyrenyl-Containing Dendrimers and Arene Ruthenium Metallacycles. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:17616-25. [DOI: 10.1021/ja510338r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Pitto-Barry
- Institut
de Chimie, Université de Neuchâtel, Avenue de Bellevaux 51, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas P. E. Barry
- Institut
de Chimie, Université de Neuchâtel, Avenue de Bellevaux 51, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Virginie Russo
- Institut
de Chimie, Université de Neuchâtel, Avenue de Bellevaux 51, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Benoît Heinrich
- Institut
de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS),
UMR 7504, CNRS−Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue
du Loess, BP43, 67034 Strasbourg cedex 2, France
| | - Bertrand Donnio
- Institut
de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS),
UMR 7504, CNRS−Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue
du Loess, BP43, 67034 Strasbourg cedex 2, France
- Complex
Assemblies of Soft Matter Laboratory (COMPASS), UMI 3254, CNRS/Solvay/University of Pennsylvania, CRTB, 350 George Patterson Boulevard, Bristol, Pennsylvania 19007, United States
| | - Bruno Therrien
- Institut
de Chimie, Université de Neuchâtel, Avenue de Bellevaux 51, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Robert Deschenaux
- Institut
de Chimie, Université de Neuchâtel, Avenue de Bellevaux 51, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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23
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Fernando IR, Mo Y, Mezei G. Metal-binding studies of linear rigid-axle [2]pseudorotaxanes with in situ generated anionic metal halide complexes. CrystEngComm 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ce00789a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Synthesis of main chain-type liquid crystalline polyrotaxanes: influence of the wheel components and their mobility on liquid crystalline properties. Polym J 2014. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2014.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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25
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D'Anna F, Noto R. Di- and Tricationic Organic Salts: An Overview of Their Properties and Applications. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201301871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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26
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Ji X, Chen J, Xue M. A Miscible and Adaptive Poly(methyl acrylate)/Polystyrene Blend Formed by Multiple-Responsive Host-Guest Interactions. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201300691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Ji
- Department of Chemistry; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Jianzhuang Chen
- Department of Chemistry; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Min Xue
- Department of Chemistry; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
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27
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Ji X, Chen J, Chi X, Huang F. pH-Responsive Supramolecular Control of Polymer Thermoresponsive Behavior by Pillararene-Based Host-Guest Interactions. ACS Macro Lett 2014; 3:110-113. [PMID: 35651120 DOI: 10.1021/mz400528a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate precise control of the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) behavior of a thermoresponsive polymer in water by pillararene-based host-guest interactions. The LCST value of the polymer increases upon the stepwise addition of either of the two pillararene hosts. On account of the pH-responsiveness of the pillararene-based host-guest interactions, the recovery of the LCST is achieved by treatment with acid, reflecting the pH-responsive supramolecular control of the LCST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical
Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Jianzhuang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical
Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical
Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Feihe Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical
Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
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28
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Dong S, Zheng B, Yao Y, Han C, Yuan J, Antonietti M, Huang F. LCST-type phase behavior induced by pillar[5]arene/ionic liquid host-guest complexation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2013; 25:6864-6867. [PMID: 24105906 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201303652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The host-guest complex of dipropoxypillar[5]arene and an ionic liquid 1,3-dimethylimidazolium iodide is found to exhibit a lower critical solution temperature (LCST)-type phase transition in chloroform. This LCST-type phase behavior can be conveniently modulated by experimental parameters and can be easily combined with the ionic liquid for potential application in product and educt separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyi Dong
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
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29
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Su X, Voskian S, Hughes RP, Aprahamian I. Manipulating Liquid-Crystal Properties Using a pH Activated Hydrazone Switch. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201305514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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30
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Su X, Voskian S, Hughes RP, Aprahamian I. Manipulating liquid-crystal properties using a pH activated hydrazone switch. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:10734-9. [PMID: 24038673 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201305514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Su
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, 6128 Burke Laboratory, Hanover, NH 03755 (USA) http://www.dartmouth.edu/∼aprahamian/
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31
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Zhang B, Hsu CH, Yu ZQ, Yang S, Chen EQ. A reproducible mechano-responsive luminescent system based on a discotic crown ether derivative doped with fluorophores: taking advantage of the phase transition of a matrix. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:8872-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc44083d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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