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Weakly HMJ, Keller SL. Coupling liquid phases in 3D condensates and 2D membranes: Successes, challenges, and tools. Biophys J 2024; 123:1329-1341. [PMID: 38160256 PMCID: PMC11163299 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
This review describes the major experimental challenges researchers meet when attempting to couple phase separation between membranes and condensates. Although it is well known that phase separation in a 2D membrane could affect molecules capable of forming a 3D condensate (and vice versa), few researchers have quantified the effects to date. The scarcity of these measurements is not due to a lack of intense interest or effort in the field. Rather, it reflects significant experimental challenges in manipulating coupled membranes and condensates to yield quantitative values. These challenges transcend many molecular details, which means they impact a wide range of systems. This review highlights recent exciting successes in the field, and it lays out a comprehensive list of tools that address potential pitfalls for researchers who are considering coupling membranes with condensates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi M J Weakly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington - Seattle, Seattle, Washington
| | - Sarah L Keller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington - Seattle, Seattle, Washington.
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2
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Rahman MM, Wang J, Wang G, Su Z, Li Y, Chen Y, Meng J, Yao Y, Wang L, Wilkens S, Tan J, Luo J, Zhang T, Zhu C, Cho SH, Wang L, Lee LP, Wan Y. Chimeric nanobody-decorated liposomes by self-assembly. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 19:818-824. [PMID: 38374413 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-024-01620-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Liposomes as drug vehicles have advantages, such as payload protection, tunable carrying capacity and improved biodistribution. However, due to the dysfunction of targeting moieties and payload loss during preparation, immunoliposomes have yet to be favoured in commercial manufacturing. Here we report a chemical modification-free biophysical approach for producing immunoliposomes in one step through the self-assembly of a chimeric nanobody (cNB) into liposome bilayers. cNB consists of a nanobody against human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), a flexible peptide linker and a hydrophobic single transmembrane domain. We determined that 64% of therapeutic compounds can be encapsulated into 100-nm liposomes, and up to 2,500 cNBs can be anchored on liposomal membranes without steric hindrance under facile conditions. Subsequently, we demonstrate that drug-loaded immunoliposomes increase cytotoxicity on HER2-overexpressing cancer cell lines by 10- to 20-fold, inhibit the growth of xenograft tumours by 3.4-fold and improve survival by more than twofold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mofizur Rahman
- The Pq Laboratory of BiomeDx/Rx, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Hematology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Yizheng Hospital of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Group, Yizheng, China
| | - Guosheng Wang
- The Pq Laboratory of BiomeDx/Rx, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhipeng Su
- Nanjing Regenecore Biotech Co. Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Yizeng Li
- Biophysics and Mathematical Biology Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Yundi Chen
- The Pq Laboratory of BiomeDx/Rx, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Jinguo Meng
- Nanjing Regenecore Biotech Co. Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Nanjing Regenecore Biotech Co. Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Lefei Wang
- Nanjing Regenecore Biotech Co. Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Stephan Wilkens
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Jifu Tan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northern Illinois University, Dekalb, IL, USA
| | - Juntao Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University, Johnson City, NY, USA
| | - Chuandong Zhu
- The Pq Laboratory of BiomeDx/Rx, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Sung Hyun Cho
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Lixue Wang
- The Pq Laboratory of BiomeDx/Rx, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA.
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Luke P Lee
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea.
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Yuan Wan
- The Pq Laboratory of BiomeDx/Rx, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA.
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3
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Wagner AM, Kostina NY, Xiao Q, Klein ML, Percec V, Rodriguez-Emmenegger C. Glycan-Driven Formation of Raft-Like Domains with Hierarchical Periodic Nanoarrays on Dendrimersome Synthetic Cells. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:366-378. [PMID: 38064646 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c01027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The accurate spatial segregation into distinct phases within cell membranes coordinates vital biochemical processes and functionalities in living organisms. One of nature's strategies to localize reactivity is the formation of dynamic raft domains. Most raft models rely on liquid-ordered L0 phases in a liquid-disordered Ld phase lacking correlation and remaining static, often necessitating external agents for phase separation. Here, we introduce a synthetic system of bicomponent glycodendrimersomes coassembled from Janus dendrimers and Janus glycodendrimers (JGDs), where lactose-lactose interactions exclusively drive lateral organization. This mechanism results in modulated phases across two length scales, yielding raft-like microdomains featuring nanoarrays at the nanoscale. By varying the density of lactose and molecular architecture of JGDs, the nanoarray type and size, shape, and spacing of the domains were controlled. Our findings offer insight into the potential primordial origins of rudimentary raft domains and highlight the crucial role of glycans within the glycocalyx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Wagner
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, Aachen 52074, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Nina Yu Kostina
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Carrer de Baldiri Reixac 10-12, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Qi Xiao
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
- Institute of Computational Molecular Science, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Michael L Klein
- Institute of Computational Molecular Science, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Virgil Percec
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Cesar Rodriguez-Emmenegger
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, Aachen 52074, Germany
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Carrer de Baldiri Reixac 10-12, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona 08028, Spain
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4
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Wang Y, Majd S. Charged Lipids Modulate the Phase Separation in Multicomponent Membranes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:11371-11378. [PMID: 37485979 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Phase separation in lipid membranes controls the organization of membrane components and thus regulates membrane-mediated processes. Membrane phase behavior is influenced by the molecular properties of its components and their relative concentrations. Charged lipid species are among the most essential components of lipid membranes, and their impact on the membrane phase behavior is yet to be fully understood. Aiming to provide insight into this impact, this paper investigates how the presence and amount of anionic and cationic lipids affect the phase behavior of multicomponent membranes. Membranes of ternary composition DOPC:DPPC:Chol with two distinct molar ratios were used to test the hypothesis that inclusion of charged lipids with saturated tails, beyond a certain concentration, would impede phase separation in an otherwise phase-separating membrane. Fluorescence microscopy examination of electroformed giant liposomes revealed that when more than half of DOPC in the examined mixtures was replaced with DOPA or DOTAP, phase separation in liposomes was somewhat suppressed, and this effect increased with increasing charged lipid content. This effect depended on the membrane surface charge density as the half-maximal effect was observed at around 0.0072 C Å-2 in all examined cases. The phase-separation suppressing effect of DOPA was neutralized when oppositely charged lipid DOTAP was included in the mixture. Likewise, presence of divalent cation Ca2+ in the solution neutralized the impact of negatively charged DOPA. These results underline the detrimental influence of surface charge density on membrane phase behavior. More importantly, these findings suggest that the charged lipid content in membranes may be a regulator of their phase behavior and open new opportunities for the design of synthetic lipid membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3551 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Sheereen Majd
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3551 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
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5
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Santamaria A, Batchu KC, Fragneto G, Laux V, Haertlein M, Darwish TA, Russell RA, Zaccai NR, Guzmán E, Maestro A. Investigation on the relationship between lipid composition and structure in model membranes composed of extracted natural phospholipids. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 637:55-66. [PMID: 36682118 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Unravelling the structural diversity of cellular membranes is a paramount challenge in life sciences. In particular, lipid composition affects the membrane collective behaviour, and its interactions with other biological molecules. EXPERIMENTS Here, the relationship between membrane composition and resultant structural features was investigated by surface pressure-area isotherms, Brewster angle microscopy and neutron reflectometry on in vitro membrane models of the mammalian plasma and endoplasmic-reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membranes in the form of Langmuir monolayers. Natural extracted yeast lipids were used because, unlike synthetic lipids, the acyl chain saturation pattern of yeast and mammalian lipids are similar. FINDINGS The structure of the model membranes, orthogonal to the plane of the membrane, as well as their lateral packing, were found to depend strongly on their specific composition, with cholesterol having a major influence on the in-plane morphology, yielding a coexistence of liquid-order and liquid-disorder phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Santamaria
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble, Cedex 9, France; Departamento de Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Krishna C Batchu
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble, Cedex 9, France
| | - Giovanna Fragneto
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble, Cedex 9, France; École doctorale de Physique, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38400 Saint-Martin-d'Héres, France
| | - Valérie Laux
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble, Cedex 9, France
| | - Michael Haertlein
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble, Cedex 9, France
| | - Tamim A Darwish
- National Deuteration Facility, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights 2232, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert A Russell
- National Deuteration Facility, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights 2232, NSW, Australia
| | - Nathan R Zaccai
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB22 7QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Eduardo Guzmán
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Paseo Juan XXIII 1, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Armando Maestro
- Centro de Fı́sica de Materiales (CSIC, UPV/EHU) - Materials Physics Center MPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain; IKERBASQUE-Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, Bilbao 48009, Spain.
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6
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Shimokawa N, Hamada T. Physical Concept to Explain the Regulation of Lipid Membrane Phase Separation under Isothermal Conditions. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13051105. [PMID: 37240749 DOI: 10.3390/life13051105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Lateral phase separation within lipid bilayer membranes has attracted considerable attention in the fields of biophysics and cell biology. Living cells organize laterally segregated compartments, such as raft domains in an ordered phase, and regulate their dynamic structures under isothermal conditions to promote cellular functions. Model membrane systems with minimum components are powerful tools for investigating the basic phenomena of membrane phase separation. With the use of such model systems, several physicochemical characteristics of phase separation have been revealed. This review focuses on the isothermal triggering of membrane phase separation from a physical point of view. We consider the free energy of the membrane that describes lateral phase separation and explain the experimental results of model membranes to regulate domain formation under isothermal conditions. Three possible regulation factors are discussed: electrostatic interactions, chemical reactions and membrane tension. These findings may contribute to a better understanding of membrane lateral organization within living cells that function under isothermal conditions and could be useful for the development of artificial cell engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naofumi Shimokawa
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi 923-1292, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Hamada
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi 923-1292, Ishikawa, Japan
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7
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Shen J, Jiang P, Chen T, Ding H, Huang W, Yang W. Selective enrichment and extraction of trace dibutyl phthalate by photo‐controlled molecularly imprinting polymers based on
SiO
2
nanoparticles. J Appl Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Junliang Shen
- Research School of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Pengfei Jiang
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Ting Chen
- Yangzhou Food and Drug Inspection and Testing Center Yangzhou China
| | - Hua Ding
- Zhenjiang First People's Hospital Zhenjiang China
| | - Weihong Huang
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Wenming Yang
- Research School of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
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8
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Hamada T, Mizuno S, Kitahata H. Domain dynamics of phase-separated lipid membranes under shear flow. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:9069-9075. [PMID: 36420806 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00825d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The dynamical behaviour of lateral domains on phase-separated lipid vesicles under external flow is reported. A microfluidic chamber was used for the immobilization of vesicles and the application of shear. Microscopic observation revealed that domains tended to be localized at the vortex center and to exhibit a stripe morphology as the flow speed increased. We clarified the dependency of domain behaviors on the flow speed and lipid mixing fraction. The cholesterol ratio in the membrane affected these domain behaviors. Next, we investigated the growth of domains under flow. We discuss the mechanism of these trends by considering the free energy of phase separation, and reproduce the experimental results by numerical simulations. These findings may lead to a better understanding of the dynamical properties of the membrane under nonequilibrium situations and the biophysical mechanism of cellular mechanotransduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Hamada
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Nomi City, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan.
| | - Shino Mizuno
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Nomi City, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Kitahata
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
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9
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Parchure A, Tian M, Stalder D, Boyer CK, Bearrows SC, Rohli KE, Zhang J, Rivera-Molina F, Ramazanov BR, Mahata SK, Wang Y, Stephens SB, Gershlick DC, von Blume J. Liquid-liquid phase separation facilitates the biogenesis of secretory storage granules. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:e202206132. [PMID: 36173346 PMCID: PMC9526250 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202206132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin is synthesized by pancreatic β-cells and stored into secretory granules (SGs). SGs fuse with the plasma membrane in response to a stimulus and deliver insulin to the bloodstream. The mechanism of how proinsulin and its processing enzymes are sorted and targeted from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) to SGs remains mysterious. No cargo receptor for proinsulin has been identified. Here, we show that chromogranin (CG) proteins undergo liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) at a mildly acidic pH in the lumen of the TGN, and recruit clients like proinsulin to the condensates. Client selectivity is sequence-independent but based on the concentration of the client molecules in the TGN. We propose that the TGN provides the milieu for converting CGs into a "cargo sponge" leading to partitioning of client molecules, thus facilitating receptor-independent client sorting. These findings provide a new receptor-independent sorting model in β-cells and many other cell types and therefore represent an innovation in the field of membrane trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Parchure
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Meng Tian
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Danièle Stalder
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Cierra K. Boyer
- Departments of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
- Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Shelby C. Bearrows
- Departments of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
- Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Kristen E. Rohli
- Departments of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
- Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Jianchao Zhang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Felix Rivera-Molina
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Bulat R. Ramazanov
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Sushil K. Mahata
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA
| | - Yanzhuang Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Samuel B. Stephens
- Departments of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - David C. Gershlick
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Julia von Blume
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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10
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Strength in numbers: effect of protein crowding on the shape of cell membranes. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:1257-1267. [PMID: 36214373 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Continuous reshaping of the plasma membrane into pleomorphic shapes is critical for a plethora of cellular functions. How the cell carries out this enigmatic control of membrane remodeling has remained an active research field for decades and several molecular and biophysical mechanisms have shown to be involved in overcoming the energy barrier associated with membrane bending. The reported mechanisms behind membrane bending have been largely concerned with structural protein features, however, in the last decade, reports on the ability of densely packed proteins to bend membranes by protein-protein crowding, have challenged prevailing mechanistic views. Crowding has now been shown to generate spontaneous vesicle formation and tubular morphologies on cell- and model membranes, demonstrating crowding as a relevant player involved in the bending of membranes. Still, current research is largely based on unnatural overexpression of proteins in non-native domains, and together with efforts in modeling, this has led to questioning the in vivo impact of crowding. In this review, we examine this previously overlooked mechanism by summarizing recent advances in the understanding of protein-protein crowding and its prevalence in cellular membrane-shaping processes.
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11
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Houser JR, Cho HW, Hayden CC, Yang NX, Wang L, Lafer EM, Thirumalai D, Stachowiak JC. Molecular mechanisms of steric pressure generation and membrane remodeling by disordered proteins. Biophys J 2022; 121:3320-3333. [PMID: 36016498 PMCID: PMC9515369 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular membranes, which are densely crowded by proteins, take on an elaborate array of highly curved shapes. Steric pressure generated by protein crowding plays a significant role in shaping membrane surfaces. It is increasingly clear that many proteins involved in membrane remodeling contain substantial regions of intrinsic disorder. These domains have large hydrodynamic radii, suggesting that they may contribute significantly to steric congestion on membrane surfaces. However, it has been unclear to what extent they are capable of generating steric pressure, owing to their conformational flexibility. To address this gap, we use a recently developed sensor based on Förster resonance energy transfer to measure steric pressure generated at membrane surfaces by the intrinsically disordered domain of the endocytic protein, AP180. We find that disordered domains generate substantial steric pressure that arises from both entropic and electrostatic components. Interestingly, this steric pressure is largely invariant with the molecular weight of the disordered domain, provided that coverage of the membrane surface is held constant. Moreover, equivalent levels of steric pressure result in equivalent degrees of membrane remodeling, regardless of protein molecular weight. This result, which is consistent with classical polymer scaling relationships for semi-dilute solutions, helps to explain the molecular and physical origins of steric pressure generation by intrinsically disordered domains. From a physiological perspective, these findings suggest that a broad range of membrane-associated disordered domains are likely to play a significant and previously unknown role in controlling membrane shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin R Houser
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Hyun Woo Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Carl C Hayden
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Noel X Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Liping Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Eileen M Lafer
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Dave Thirumalai
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Jeanne C Stachowiak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas; Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas.
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12
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Zhu C, Lee CT, Rangamani P. Mem3DG: Modeling membrane mechanochemical dynamics in 3D using discrete differential geometry. BIOPHYSICAL REPORTS 2022; 2:100062. [PMID: 36157269 PMCID: PMC9495267 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpr.2022.100062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Biomembranes adopt varying morphologies that are vital to cellular functions. Many studies use computational modeling to understand how various mechanochemical factors contribute to membrane shape transformations. Compared with approximation-based methods (e.g., finite element method [FEM]), the class of discrete mesh models offers greater flexibility to simulate complex physics and shapes in three dimensions; its formulation produces an efficient algorithm while maintaining coordinate-free geometric descriptions. However, ambiguities in geometric definitions in the discrete context have led to a lack of consensus on which discrete mesh model is theoretically and numerically optimal; a bijective relationship between the terms contributing to both the energy and forces from the discrete and smooth geometric theories remains to be established. We address this and present an extensible framework, Mem3DG, for modeling 3D mechanochemical dynamics of membranes based on discrete differential geometry (DDG) on triangulated meshes. The formalism of DDG resolves the inconsistency and provides a unifying perspective on how to relate the smooth and discrete energy and forces. To demonstrate, Mem3DG is used to model a sequence of examples with increasing mechanochemical complexity: recovering classical shape transformations such as 1) biconcave disk, dumbbell, and unduloid; and 2) spherical bud on spherical, flat-patch membrane; investigating how the coupling of membrane mechanics with protein mobility jointly affects phase and shape transformation. As high-resolution 3D imaging of membrane ultrastructure becomes more readily available, we envision Mem3DG to be applied as an end-to-end tool to simulate realistic cell geometry under user-specified mechanochemical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuncheng Zhu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093
| | - Christopher T. Lee
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093
| | - Padmini Rangamani
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093
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13
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Yang W, Shen J, Zhu S, Si H, Song F, Zhang W, Ding H, Huang W. Preparation and Characterisation of Photoresponsive Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Based on 5-[(4-(methacryloyloxy) phenyl) diazenyl] isophthalic acid for the Determination of Sulfamethazine. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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14
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Insights into Membrane Curvature Sensing and Membrane Remodeling by Intrinsically Disordered Proteins and Protein Regions. J Membr Biol 2022; 255:237-259. [PMID: 35451616 PMCID: PMC9028910 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-022-00237-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cellular membranes are highly dynamic in shape. They can rapidly and precisely regulate their shape to perform various cellular functions. The protein’s ability to sense membrane curvature is essential in various biological events such as cell signaling and membrane trafficking. As they are bound, these curvature-sensing proteins may also change the local membrane shape by one or more curvature driving mechanisms. Established curvature-sensing/driving mechanisms rely on proteins with specific structural features such as amphipathic helices and intrinsically curved shapes. However, the recent discovery and characterization of many proteins have shattered the protein structure–function paradigm, believing that the protein functions require a unique structural feature. Typically, such structure-independent functions are carried either entirely by intrinsically disordered proteins or hybrid proteins containing disordered regions and structured domains. It is becoming more apparent that disordered proteins and regions can be potent sensors/inducers of membrane curvatures. In this article, we outline the basic features of disordered proteins and regions, the motifs in such proteins that encode the function, membrane remodeling by disordered proteins and regions, and assays that may be employed to investigate curvature sensing and generation by ordered/disordered proteins.
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Ureña J, Knight A, Lee IH. Membrane Cargo Density-Dependent Interaction between Protein and Lipid Domains on the Giant Unilamellar Vesicles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:4702-4712. [PMID: 35385290 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Protein cargos anchored on the lipid membrane can be segregated by fluidic domain phase separation. Lipid membranes at certain compositions may separate into lipid domains to segregate cargos, and protein cargos themselves may be involved in protein condensate domain formation with multivalent binding proteins to segregate cargos. Recent studies suggest that these two driving forces of phase separation closely interact on the lipid membranes to promote codomain formation. In this report, we studied the effect of cargo density on the outcome of the cargo phase separation on giant unilamellar vesicles. Proteins and lipids are connected only by the anchored cargos, so it was originally hypothesized that higher cargo density would increase the degree of interaction between the lipid and protein domains, promoting more phase separation. However, fluorescence image analysis on different cargo densities showed that the cooperative domain formation and steric pressure are at a tug of war opposing each other. Cooperative domain formation is dominant under lower anchor density conditions, and above a threshold density, steric pressure was dominant opposing the domain formation. The result suggests that the cargo density is a key parameter affecting the outcome of cargo organization on the lipid membranes by phase separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ureña
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montclair State University, Montclair, New Jersey 07043, United States
| | - Ashlynn Knight
- Department of Biology, Montclair State University, Montclair, New Jersey 07043, United States
| | - Il-Hyung Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montclair State University, Montclair, New Jersey 07043, United States
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16
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Zhang J, Liang L, Miao Y, Yang Y, Bao X, Liu C. Open-tubular capillary electrochromatography with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin imprinted polymers: hybrid polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane as a coating for enantioseparation. RSC Adv 2022; 12:9637-9644. [PMID: 35424918 PMCID: PMC8985239 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00079b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) imprinted coating based on polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) for open tubular electrochromatography was prepared. The mixture of methacryl-POSS (MA0735), HP-β-CD (template), methacrylic acid (MAA, monomer), N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA, crosslinker) and toluene-dimethyl sulfoxide (porogen) was used to synthesize the chiral selective coating. The influence of synthesis parameters on the imprinting effect and separation performance, including the amount of HP-β-CD, POSS, and MAA, was investigated systemically. The optimum polymerization was prepared by mixing HP-β-CD, MA0735, MAA, and MBA with the molar ratio of 1 : 1.87 : 1.60 : 1.60. Five racemates were separated by the modified capillary columns using aqueous buffer. Column efficiency on the POSS-based MIPs coating column was greater than 22 000 plates/m. MIPs-POSS hybrid coating capillaries had improved resolution (3.36 times) and the greatest resolution was up to 6.15 within 10 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Medical University Xi'an 710021 China
- Institute of Medicine, Xi'an Medical University Xi'an 710021 China
| | - Lingling Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Medical University Xi'an 710021 China
- Institute of Medicine, Xi'an Medical University Xi'an 710021 China
| | - Yanqing Miao
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Medical University Xi'an 710021 China
- Institute of Medicine, Xi'an Medical University Xi'an 710021 China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Medical University Xi'an 710021 China
| | - Xin Bao
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Medical University Xi'an 710021 China
| | - Chunye Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Medical University Xi'an 710021 China
- Institute of Medicine, Xi'an Medical University Xi'an 710021 China
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17
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Sofińska K, Lupa D, Chachaj-Brekiesz A, Czaja M, Kobierski J, Seweryn S, Skirlińska-Nosek K, Szymonski M, Wilkosz N, Wnętrzak A, Lipiec E. Revealing local molecular distribution, orientation, phase separation, and formation of domains in artificial lipid layers: Towards comprehensive characterization of biological membranes. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 301:102614. [PMID: 35190313 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Lipids, together with molecules such as DNA and proteins, are one of the most relevant systems responsible for the existence of life. Selected lipids are able to assembly into various organized structures, such as lipid membranes. The unique properties of lipid membranes determine their complex functions, not only to separate biological environments, but also to participate in regulatory functions, absorption of nutrients, cell-cell communication, endocytosis, cell signaling, and many others. Despite numerous scientific efforts, still little is known about the reason underlying the variability within lipid membranes, and its biochemical significance. In this review, we discuss the structural complexity of lipid membranes, as well as the importance to simplify studied systems in order to understand phenomena occurring in natural, complex membranes. Such systems require a model interface to be analyzed. Therefore, here we focused on analytical studies of artificial systems at various interfaces. The molecular structure of lipid membranes, specifically the nanometric thickens of molecular bilayer, limits in a major extent the choice of highly sensitive methods suitable to study such structures. Therefore, we focused on methods that combine high sensitivity, and/or chemical selectivity, and/or nanometric spatial resolution, such as atomic force microscopy, nanospectroscopy (tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, infrared nanospectroscopy), phase modulation infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy, sum-frequency generation spectroscopy. We summarized experimental and theoretical approaches providing information about molecular structure and composition, lipid spatial distribution (phase separation), organization (domain shape, molecular orientation) of lipid membranes, and real-time visualization of the influence of various molecules (proteins, drugs) on their integrity. An integral part of this review discusses the latest achievements in the field of lipid layer-based biosensors.
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18
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Sapp K, Sodt AJ. Observed steric crowding at modest coverage requires a particular membrane-binding scheme or a complementary mechanism. Biophys J 2022; 121:430-438. [PMID: 34971618 PMCID: PMC8822614 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane shape transitions, including fusion and fission, play an important role in many biological processes. It is therefore essential to understand mechanisms of "curvature generation," the mathematical quantification of membrane shape. Among the different mechanisms is the effect of steric pressure between proteins crowded on a surface. At a higher curvature, there is more space for the crowders and less steric pressure. Currently, the physical model of curvature induction by crowding views the proteins as being bound to the surface as a whole rather than to the underlying lipids. Here, we split the previously understood model into two pieces: first, the reduction in steric pressure due to reduced collisions between proteins, and second, the increased area available to the protein that is independent of other crowders. The cases are distinguished by how the crowder is attached to the membrane. When a protein is attached to a specific lipid, as is the case in a typical crowding experiment, one should not model its lateral entropy; this has already been accounted for by the underlying lipid. The Carnahan-Starling pressure includes this lateral entropy. The revised theory predicts that a purely entropic crowding mechanism is inconsistent with observations of reshaping at the lower range of surface coverage, suggesting that an additional mechanism is at play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla Sapp
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Alexander J. Sodt
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland,Corresponding author
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Lee IH, Passaro S, Ozturk S, Ureña J, Wang W. Intelligent fluorescence image analysis of giant unilamellar vesicles using convolutional neural network. BMC Bioinformatics 2022; 23:48. [PMID: 35062867 PMCID: PMC8783447 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-022-04577-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fluorescence image analysis in biochemical science often involves the complex tasks of identifying samples for analysis and calculating the desired information from the intensity traces. Analyzing giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) is one of these tasks. Researchers need to identify many vesicles to statistically analyze the degree of molecular interaction or state of molecular organization on the membranes. This analysis is complicated, requiring a careful manual examination by researchers, so automating the analysis can significantly aid in improving its efficiency and reliability. Results We developed a convolutional neural network (CNN) assisted intelligent analysis routine based on the whole 3D z-stack images. The programs identify the vesicles with desired morphology and analyzes the data automatically. The programs can perform protein binding analysis on the membranes or state decision analysis of domain phase separation. We also show that the method can easily be applied to similar problems, such as intensity analysis of phase-separated protein droplets. CNN-based classification approach enables the identification of vesicles even from relatively complex samples. We demonstrate that the proposed artificial intelligence-assisted classification can further enhance the accuracy of the analysis close to the performance of manual examination in vesicle selection and vesicle state determination analysis. Conclusions We developed a MATLAB based software capable of efficiently analyzing confocal fluorescence image data of giant unilamellar vesicles. The program can automatically identify GUVs with desired morphology and perform intensity-based calculation and state decision for each vesicle. We expect our method of CNN implementation can be expanded and applied to many similar problems in image data analysis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12859-022-04577-2.
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Kubota R, Tanaka W, Hamachi I. Microscopic Imaging Techniques for Molecular Assemblies: Electron, Atomic Force, and Confocal Microscopies. Chem Rev 2021; 121:14281-14347. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryou Kubota
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Wataru Tanaka
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Itaru Hamachi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- JST-ERATO, Hamachi Innovative Molecular Technology for Neuroscience, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8530, Japan
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21
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Houser JR, Hayden CC, Thirumalai D, Stachowiak JC. A Förster Resonance Energy Transfer-Based Sensor of Steric Pressure on Membrane Surfaces. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:20796-20805. [PMID: 33237768 PMCID: PMC8274331 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cellular membranes are densely covered by proteins. Steric pressure generated by protein collisions plays a significant role in shaping and curving biological membranes. However, no method currently exists for measuring steric pressure at membrane surfaces. Here, we developed a sensor based on Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), which uses the principles of polymer physics to precisely detect changes in steric pressure. The sensor consists of a polyethylene glycol chain tethered to the membrane surface. The polymer has a donor fluorophore at its free end, such that FRET with acceptor fluorophores in the membrane provides a real-time readout of polymer extension. As a demonstration of the sensor, we measured the steric pressure generated by a model protein involved in membrane bending, the N-terminal homology domain (ENTH) of Epsin1. As the membrane becomes crowded by ENTH proteins, the polymer chain extends, increasing the fluorescence lifetime of the donor. Drawing on polymer theory, we use this change in lifetime to calculate steric pressure as a function of membrane coverage by ENTH, validating theoretical equations of state. Further, we find that ENTH's ability to break up larger vesicles into smaller ones correlates with steric pressure rather than the chemistry used to attach ENTH to the membrane surface. This result addresses a long-standing question about the molecular mechanisms of membrane remodeling. More broadly, this sensor makes it possible to measure steric pressure in situ during diverse biochemical events that occur on membrane surfaces, such as membrane remodeling, ligand-receptor binding, assembly of protein complexes, and changes in membrane organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin R. Houser
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin
| | - Carl C. Hayden
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin
| | - D. Thirumalai
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin. USA
| | - Jeanne C. Stachowiak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin
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22
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Raote I, Chabanon M, Walani N, Arroyo M, Garcia-Parajo MF, Malhotra V, Campelo F. A physical mechanism of TANGO1-mediated bulky cargo export. eLife 2020; 9:e59426. [PMID: 33169667 PMCID: PMC7704110 DOI: 10.7554/elife.59426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident protein TANGO1 assembles into a ring around ER exit sites (ERES), and links procollagens in the ER lumen to COPII machinery, tethers, and ER-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) in the cytoplasm (Raote et al., 2018). Here, we present a theoretical approach to investigate the physical mechanisms of TANGO1 ring assembly and how COPII polymerization, membrane tension, and force facilitate the formation of a transport intermediate for procollagen export. Our results indicate that a TANGO1 ring, by acting as a linactant, stabilizes the open neck of a nascent COPII bud. Elongation of such a bud into a transport intermediate commensurate with bulky procollagens is then facilitated by two complementary mechanisms: (i) by relieving membrane tension, possibly by TANGO1-mediated fusion of retrograde ERGIC membranes and (ii) by force application. Altogether, our theoretical approach identifies key biophysical events in TANGO1-driven procollagen export.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishier Raote
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyBarcelonaSpain
| | - Morgan Chabanon
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyBarcelonaSpain
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTechBarcelonaSpain
| | - Nikhil Walani
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTechBarcelonaSpain
| | - Marino Arroyo
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTechBarcelonaSpain
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyBarcelonaSpain
- Centre Internacional de Mètodes Numèrics en Enginyeria (CIMNE)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Maria F Garcia-Parajo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyBarcelonaSpain
- ICREABarcelonaSpain
| | - Vivek Malhotra
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyBarcelonaSpain
- ICREABarcelonaSpain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Felix Campelo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyBarcelonaSpain
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23
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Borowicz P, Chan H, Hauge A, Spurkland A. Adaptor proteins: Flexible and dynamic modulators of immune cell signalling. Scand J Immunol 2020; 92:e12951. [DOI: 10.1111/sji.12951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Borowicz
- Department of Molecular Medicine Institute of Basic Medical Sciences University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Hanna Chan
- Department of Molecular Medicine Institute of Basic Medical Sciences University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Anette Hauge
- Department of Molecular Medicine Institute of Basic Medical Sciences University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Anne Spurkland
- Department of Molecular Medicine Institute of Basic Medical Sciences University of Oslo Oslo Norway
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24
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Canepa E, Salassi S, de Marco AL, Lambruschini C, Odino D, Bochicchio D, Canepa F, Canale C, Dante S, Brescia R, Stellacci F, Rossi G, Relini A. Amphiphilic gold nanoparticles perturb phase separation in multidomain lipid membranes. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:19746-19759. [PMID: 32966489 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr05366j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Amphiphilic gold nanoparticles with diameters in the 2-4 nm range are promising as theranostic agents thanks to their spontaneous translocation through cell membranes. This study addresses the effects that these nanoparticles may have on a distinct feature of plasma membranes: lipid lateral phase separation. Atomic force microscopy, quartz crystal microbalance, and molecular dynamics are combined to study the interaction between model neuronal membranes, which spontaneously form ordered and disordered lipid domains, and amphiphilic gold nanoparticles having negatively charged surface functionalization. Nanoparticles are found to interact with the bilayer and form bilayer-embedded ordered aggregates. Nanoparticles also suppress lipid phase separation, in a concentration-dependent fashion. A general, yet simple thermodynamic model is developed to show that the change of lipid-lipid enthalpy is the dominant driving force towards the nanoparticle-induced destabilization of phase separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Canepa
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genoa, Italy.
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25
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Lee HR, Lee Y, Oh SS, Choi SQ. Ultra-Stable Freestanding Lipid Membrane Array: Direct Visualization of Dynamic Membrane Remodeling with Cholesterol Transport and Enzymatic Reactions. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2002541. [PMID: 32924281 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202002541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cell membranes actively change their local compositions, serving essential biological processes such as cellular signaling and endocytosis. Although membrane dynamics is vital in the cellular functions, the complexity of natural membranes has made its fundamental understanding and systematic assessment difficult. Here, a powerful artificial membrane system is developed for real-time visualization of the spatiotemporal dynamics of membrane remodeling. Through well-defined air/oil/water interfaces on grid holes, tens of planar lipid bilayer membranes are easily created, and their reproducibility, controllability, and generality are highlighted. The freestanding membranes are large but also highly stable, facilitating direct long-term monitoring of dynamic membrane reconstitution caused by external stimuli. As an example to demonstrate the superiority of this membrane system, the effect of cholesterol trafficking, which significantly affects biophysical properties of cell membranes, is investigated at different membrane compositions. Cholesterol transport into and out of the membranes at different rates causes anomalous lipid arrangements through cholesterol-mediated phase transitions and decomposition, which have never been witnessed before. Furthermore, enzyme-induced membrane dynamics is successfully shown in this platform; sphingomyelinases locally generate asymmetry between two membrane leaflets. This technique is broadly applicable for exploring the membrane heterogeneity under various membrane-based reactions, providing valuable insight into the membrane dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ro Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yohan Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Soo Oh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Siyoung Q Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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26
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Li M, Heller WT, Liu CH, Gao CY, Cai Y, Hou Y, Nieh MP. Effects of fluidity and charge density on the morphology of a bicellar mixture - A SANS study. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183315. [PMID: 32304755 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The spontaneously formed structures of physiologically relevant lipid model membranes made of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-rac-glycerol) and 1,2-hexanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine have been evaluated in depth using small angle neutron scattering. Although a common molar ratio of long- to short- chain phospholipids (~4) as reported in many bicellar mixtures was used, discoidal bicelles were not found as the major phase throughout the range of lipid concentration and temperature studied, indicating that the required condition for the formation of bicelle is the immiscibility between the long- and short- chain lipids, which were in the gel and Lα phases, respectively, in previous reports. In this study, all lipids are in the Lα phase. The characterization outcome suggests that the spontaneous structures tie strongly with the physical parameters of the system such as melting transition temperature of the long-chain lipid, total lipid concentration and charge density of the system. Multilamellar vesicles, unilamellar vesicles, ribbons and perforated lamellae can be obtained based on the analysis of the small angle neutron scattering results, leading to the construction of structural diagrams. This report provides the important map to choose suitable lipid systems for the structural study of membrane-associated proteins, design of theranostic nanocarriers or other related research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, 06269, USA
| | - William T Heller
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Chung-Hao Liu
- Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, 06269, USA
| | - Carrie Y Gao
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Yutian Cai
- Department of Polymer Material Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Yiming Hou
- Department of Polymer Material Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Mu-Ping Nieh
- Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, 06269, USA; Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs 06269, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs 06269, USA.
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27
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Direct imaging of liquid domains in membranes by cryo-electron tomography. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:19713-19719. [PMID: 32759217 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2002245117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Images of micrometer-scale domains in lipid bilayers have provided the gold standard of model-free evidence to understand the domains' shapes, sizes, and distributions. Corresponding techniques to directly and quantitatively assess smaller (nanoscale and submicron) liquid domains have been limited. Researchers commonly seek to correlate activities of membrane proteins with attributes of the domains in which they reside; doing so hinges on identification and characterization of membrane domains. Although some features of membrane domains can be probed by indirect methods, these methods are often constrained by the limitation that data must be analyzed in the context of models that require multiple assumptions or parameters. Here, we address this challenge by developing and testing two methods of identifying submicron domains in biomimetic membranes. Both methods leverage cryo-electron tomograms of ternary membranes under vitrified, hydrated conditions. The first method is optimized for probe-free applications: Domains are directly distinguished from the surrounding membrane by their thickness. This technique quantitatively and accurately measures area fractions of domains, in excellent agreement with known phase diagrams. The second method is optimized for applications in which a single label is deployed for imaging membranes by both high-resolution cryo-electron tomography and diffraction-limited optical microscopy. For this method, we test a panel of probes, find that a trimeric mCherry label performs best, and specify criteria for developing future high-performance, dual-use probes. These developments have led to direct and quantitative imaging of submicron membrane domains in vitrified, hydrated vesicles.
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28
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Löwe M, Kalacheva M, Boersma AJ, Kedrov A. The more the merrier: effects of macromolecular crowding on the structure and dynamics of biological membranes. FEBS J 2020; 287:5039-5067. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.15429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryna Löwe
- Synthetic Membrane Systems Institute of Biochemistry Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf Germany
| | | | | | - Alexej Kedrov
- Synthetic Membrane Systems Institute of Biochemistry Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf Germany
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29
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Yang W, Qing Y, Cao Y, Luan Y, Lu Y, Liu T, Xu W, Huang W, Li T, Ni X. A stimuli response, core-shell structured and surface molecularly imprinted polymers with specific pH for rapid and selective detection of sulfamethoxazole from milk sample. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2020.104578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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30
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Bolmatov D, Soloviov D, Zhernenkov M, Zav'yalov D, Mamontov E, Suvorov A, Cai YQ, Katsaras J. Molecular Picture of the Transient Nature of Lipid Rafts. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:4887-4896. [PMID: 32259453 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In biological membranes, lipid rafts are now thought to be transient and nanoscopic. However, the mechanism responsible for these nanoscopic assemblies remains poorly understood, even in the case of model membranes. As a result, it has proven extremely challenging to probe the physicochemical properties of lipid rafts at the molecular level. Here, we use all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and inelastic X-ray scattering (IXS), an intrinsically nanoscale technique, to directly probe the energy transfer and collective short-wavelength dynamics (phonons) of biologically relevant model membranes. We show that the nanoscale propagation of stress in lipid rafts takes place in the form of collective motions made up of longitudinal (compression waves) and transverse (shear waves) molecular vibrations. Importantly, we provide a molecular picture for the so-called van der Waals mediated "force from lipid" [Anishkin, A. et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2014, 111, 7898], a key parameter for the ionic channel mechano-transduction and the mechanism for the lipid transfer of molecular level stress [Aponte-Santamarı́a, C. et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2017, 139, 13588]. Specifically, we describe how lipid rafts are formed and maintained through the propagation of molecular stress, lipid raft rattling dynamics, and a relaxation process. Eventually, the rafts dissipate through the self-diffusion of lipids making up the rafts. We also show that the molecular stress and viscoelastic properties of transient lipid rafts can be modulated through the use of hydrophobic biomolecules such as melatonin and tryptophan. Ultimately, the herein proposed mechanism describing the molecular interactions for the formation and dissolution of lipid rafts may offer insights as to how lipid rafts enable biological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dima Bolmatov
- Large Scale Structures Group, Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Dmytro Soloviov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141980, Russia
- Institute for Safety Problems of Nuclear Power Plants, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv 03680, Ukraine
| | - Mikhail Zhernenkov
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | | | - Eugene Mamontov
- Spectroscopy Group, Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Alexey Suvorov
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Yong Q Cai
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - John Katsaras
- Large Scale Structures Group, Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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31
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Zhang YZ, Qin B, Zhang B, Ma JG, Hu YQ, Han L, He MF, Liu CY. Specific enrichment of caffeic acid from Taraxacum mon-golicum Hand.-Mazz. by pH and magnetic dual-responsive molecularly imprinted polymers. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1096:193-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.10.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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32
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Dogra N, Balaraman RP, Kohli P. Chemically Engineered Synthetic Lipid Vesicles for Sensing and Visualization of Protein-Bilayer Interactions. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:2136-2149. [PMID: 31314501 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
From pathogen intrusion to immune response, the cell membrane plays an important role in signal transduction. Such signals are important for cellular proliferation and survival. However, measurement of these subtle signals through the lipid membrane scaffold is challenging. We present a chromatic model membrane vesicle system engineered to covalently bind with lysine residues of protein molecules for investigation of cellular interactions and signaling. We discovered that different protein molecules induced differential spectroscopic signals, which is based on the chemical and physical properties of protein interacting at the vesicle surface. The observed chromatic response (CR) for bound protein molecules with higher molecular weight was much larger (∼5-15×) than those for low molecular weight proteins. Through mass spectrometry (MS), we found that only 6 out of 60 (10%) lysine groups present in bovine serum albumin (BSA) were accessible to the membrane of the vesicles. Finally, a "sphere-shell" model representing the protein-vesicle complex was used for evaluating the contribution of van der Waals interactions between proteins and vesicles. Our analysis points to contributions from van der Waals, hydrophobic, and electrostatic interactions toward observed CR signals resulting from molecular interactions at the vesicle membrane surface. Overall, this study provided a convenient, chromatic, semiquantitative method of detecting biomolecules and their interactions with model membranes at sub-nanomolar concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navneet Dogra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Southern Illinois University , Carbondale , Illinois 62901 , United States.,IBM T. J. Watson Research Center , Yorktown Heights , New York 10058 , United States.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York , New York 10029 , United States
| | - Rajesh P Balaraman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Southern Illinois University , Carbondale , Illinois 62901 , United States
| | - Punit Kohli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Southern Illinois University , Carbondale , Illinois 62901 , United States
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33
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Shimokawa N, Ito H, Higuchi Y. Coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation for uptake of nanoparticles into a charged lipid vesicle dominated by electrostatic interactions. Phys Rev E 2019; 100:012407. [PMID: 31499808 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.100.012407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We use a coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation to investigate the interaction between neutral or charged nanoparticles (NPs) and a vesicle consisting of neutral and negatively charged lipids. We focus on the interaction strengths of hydrophilic and hydrophobic attraction and electrostatic interactions between a lipid molecule and an NP. A neutral NP passes through the lipid membrane when the hydrophobic interaction is sufficiently strong. As the valence of the positively charged NP increases, the membrane permeation speed of the NP is increased compared with the neutral NP and charged lipids are accumulated around the charged NP. A charged NP with a high valence passes through the lipid membrane via a transient channel formed by charged lipids or transportlike endocytosis. These permeation processes can be classified based on analyses of the density correlation function. When the nonelectrostatic interaction parameters are large enough, a negatively charged NP can be adsorbed on the membrane and a neutral lipid-rich region is formed directly below the NP. The NP is spontaneously incorporated into the vesicle under various conditions and the incorporation is mediated by the membrane curvature. We reveal how the NP's behavior depends on the NP valence, size, and the nonelectrostatic interaction parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naofumi Shimokawa
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ito
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuji Higuchi
- Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, Chiba 227-8581, Japan
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34
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Zeno WF, Thatte AS, Wang L, Snead WT, Lafer EM, Stachowiak JC. Molecular Mechanisms of Membrane Curvature Sensing by a Disordered Protein. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:10361-10371. [PMID: 31180661 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b03927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The ability of proteins to sense membrane curvature is essential for the initiation and assembly of curved membrane structures. Established mechanisms of curvature sensing rely on proteins with specific structural features. In contrast, it has recently been discovered that intrinsically disordered proteins, which lack a defined three-dimensional fold, can also be potent sensors of membrane curvature. How can an unstructured protein sense the structure of the membrane surface? Many disordered proteins that associate with membranes have two key physical features: a high degree of conformational entropy and a high net negative charge. Binding of such proteins to membrane surfaces results simultaneously in a decrease in conformational entropy and an increase in electrostatic repulsion by anionic lipids. Here we show that each of these effects gives rise to a distinct mechanism of curvature sensing. Specifically, as the curvature of the membrane increases, the steric hindrance between the disordered protein and membrane is reduced, leading to an increase in chain entropy. At the same time, increasing membrane curvature increases the average separation between anionic amino acids and lipids, creating an electrostatic preference for curved membranes. Using quantitative imaging of membrane vesicles, our results demonstrate that long disordered amino acid chains with low net charge sense curvature predominately through the entropic mechanism. In contrast, shorter, more highly charged amino acid chains rely largely on the electrostatic mechanism. These findings provide a roadmap for predicting and testing the curvature sensitivity of the large and diverse set of disordered proteins that function at cellular membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wade F Zeno
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Ajay S Thatte
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Liping Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology , The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio , Texas 78229 , United States
| | - Wilton T Snead
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Eileen M Lafer
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology , The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio , Texas 78229 , United States
| | - Jeanne C Stachowiak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States.,Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
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35
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Lee IH, Imanaka MY, Modahl EH, Torres-Ocampo AP. Lipid Raft Phase Modulation by Membrane-Anchored Proteins with Inherent Phase Separation Properties. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:6551-6559. [PMID: 31179407 PMCID: PMC6547621 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Cell plasma membranes are a heterogeneous mixture of lipids and membrane proteins. The importance of heterogeneous lipid domains (also called lipid rafts) as a molecular sorting platform has been implicated in many physiological processes. Cell plasma membranes that are detached from the cytoskeletal structure spontaneously phase separate into distinct domains at equilibrium, which show their inherent demixing properties. Recently, researchers have discovered that proteins with strong interprotein interactions also spontaneously phase separate into distinct protein domains, thus enabling the maintenance of many membraneless organelles. Protein phase separation may also take place on the lipid membranes via lipid-anchored proteins, which suggests another potential molecular sorting platform for physiological processes on the cell membrane. When two-phase separation properties coexist physiologically, they may change the resulting phase behavior or serve as independent sorting platforms. In this paper, we used in vitro reconstitution and fluorescence imaging to systematically quantify the phase behavior that arises when proteins with inherent phase separation properties interact with raft mixture lipid membranes. Our observations and simulations show both that the proteins may enhance lipid phase separation and that this is a general property of phase-separating protein systems with a diverse number of components involved. This suggests that we should consider the overall effect of the properties of both membrane-anchored proteins and lipids when interpreting molecular sorting phenomena on the membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il-Hyung Lee
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Biology, University of Puget
Sound, Tacoma, Washington 98416, United States
- E-mail:
| | - Matthew Y. Imanaka
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Biology, University of Puget
Sound, Tacoma, Washington 98416, United States
| | - Emmi H. Modahl
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Biology, University of Puget
Sound, Tacoma, Washington 98416, United States
| | - Ana P. Torres-Ocampo
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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36
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Mensch AC, Buchman JT, Haynes CL, Pedersen JA, Hamers RJ. Quaternary Amine-Terminated Quantum Dots Induce Structural Changes to Supported Lipid Bilayers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:12369-12378. [PMID: 30184424 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The cytoplasmic membrane represents an essential barrier between the cytoplasm and the environment external to cells. Interaction with nanomaterials can alter the integrity of the cytoplasmic membrane through the formation of holes and membrane thinning, which can ultimately lead to adverse biological impacts. Here we use supported lipid bilayers as experimental models for the cytoplasmic membrane to investigate the impact of quantum dots functionalized with the cationic polymer poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) on membrane structure. Using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring we show that the positively charged quantum dots attach to and induce structural rearrangement to zwitterionic bilayers in solely the liquid-disordered phase and in those containing phase-segregated liquid-ordered domains. Real-time atomic force microscopy imaging revealed that PDDA-coated quantum dots and, to a lesser extent, PDDA itself induced the disappearance of liquid-ordered domains. We hypothesize this effect is due to an increase in energy per unit area caused by collisions between PDDA-coated quantum dots at the membrane surface. This increase in free energy per area exceeds the approximate free-energy change associated with membrane mixing between the liquid-ordered and liquid-disordered phases and results in the destabilization of membrane domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielle C Mensch
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Joseph T Buchman
- Department of Chemistry , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Christy L Haynes
- Department of Chemistry , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Joel A Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
- Department of Soil Science , University of Wisconsin , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Wisconsin , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Robert J Hamers
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
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37
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Evolution and development of model membranes for physicochemical and functional studies of the membrane lateral heterogeneity. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2018; 1860:2012-2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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38
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Snead WT, Stachowiak JC. Structure Versus Stochasticity-The Role of Molecular Crowding and Intrinsic Disorder in Membrane Fission. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:2293-2308. [PMID: 29627460 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cellular membranes must undergo remodeling to facilitate critical functions including membrane trafficking, organelle biogenesis, and cell division. An essential step in membrane remodeling is membrane fission, in which an initially continuous membrane surface is divided into multiple, separate compartments. The established view has been that membrane fission requires proteins with conserved structural features such as helical scaffolds, hydrophobic insertions, and polymerized assemblies. In this review, we discuss these structure-based fission mechanisms and highlight recent findings from several groups that support an alternative, structure-independent mechanism of membrane fission. This mechanism relies on lateral collisions among crowded, membrane-bound proteins to generate sufficient steric pressure to drive membrane vesiculation. As a stochastic process, this mechanism contrasts with the paradigm that deterministic protein structures are required to drive fission, raising the prospect that many more proteins may participate in fission than previously thought. Paradoxically, our recent work suggests that intrinsically disordered domains may be among the most potent drivers of membrane fission, owing to their large hydrodynamic radii and substantial chain entropy. This stochastic view of fission also suggests new roles for the structure-based fission proteins. Specifically, we hypothesize that in addition to driving fission directly, the canonical fission machines may facilitate the enrichment and organization of bulky disordered protein domains in order to promote membrane fission by locally amplifying protein crowding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilton T Snead
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Jeanne C Stachowiak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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39
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Zeno WF, Ogunyankin MO, Longo ML. Scaling relationships for translational diffusion constants applied to membrane domain dissolution and growth. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2018; 1860:1994-2003. [PMID: 29501605 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We compare the way that relationships for diffusion constants scale with the size of diffusing membrane domains and the geometry of their environments. Then, we review our experimental work on the dynamics of dissolution/growth of membrane domains in crowding induced mixing, phase separation, and Ostwald ripening in a highly confined environment. Overall, the scaling relationships applied to diffusion constants obtained by fits to our dynamic data indicate that dissolution and growth is influenced by the diffusion of clusters or small domains of lipids, in addition to kinetic processes and geometrical constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wade F Zeno
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Maria O Ogunyankin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Marjorie L Longo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States.
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40
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Gadok AK, Zhao C, Meriwether AI, Ferrati S, Rowley TG, Zoldan J, Smyth HDC, Stachowiak JC. The Display of Single-Domain Antibodies on the Surfaces of Connectosomes Enables Gap Junction-Mediated Drug Delivery to Specific Cell Populations. Biochemistry 2018; 57:81-90. [PMID: 28829120 PMCID: PMC5880529 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Gap junctions, transmembrane protein channels that directly connect the cytoplasm of neighboring cells and enable the exchange of molecules between cells, are a promising new frontier for therapeutic delivery. Specifically, cell-derived lipid vesicles that contain functional gap junction channels, termed Connectosomes, have recently been demonstrated to substantially increase the effectiveness of small molecule chemotherapeutics. However, because gap junctions are present in nearly all tissues, Connectosomes have no intrinsic ability to target specific cell types, which potentially limits their therapeutic effectiveness. To address this challenge, here we display targeting ligands consisting of single-domain antibodies on the surfaces of Connectosomes. We demonstrate that these targeted Connectosomes selectively interact with cells that express a model receptor, promoting the selective delivery of the chemotherapeutic doxorubicin to this target cell population. More generally, our approach has the potential to boost cytoplasmic delivery of diverse therapeutic molecules to specific cell populations while protecting off-target cells, a critical step toward realizing the therapeutic potential of gap junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash K. Gadok
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Chi Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Amanda I. Meriwether
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Silvia Ferrati
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Tanner G. Rowley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Janet Zoldan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Hugh D. C. Smyth
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Jeanne C. Stachowiak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
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41
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Xu J, Sun S, Wang Z, Peng S, Hu S, Zhang L. pH-Induced evolution of surface patterns in micelles assembled from dirhamnolipids: dissipative particle dynamics simulation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:9460-9470. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00751a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulation is used to study the effect of pH on the morphological transition in micelles assembled from dirhamnolipids (diRLs), and analyze the pH-driven mechanism and influence factors of micellar surface patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchang Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Shuangqing Sun
- College of Science
- China University of Petroleum (East China)
- Qingdao 266580
- China
| | - Zhikun Wang
- College of Science
- China University of Petroleum (East China)
- Qingdao 266580
- China
| | - Shiyuan Peng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Songqing Hu
- College of Science
- China University of Petroleum (East China)
- Qingdao 266580
- China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
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42
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Manni MM, Derganc J, Čopič A. Crowd-Sourcing of Membrane Fission. Bioessays 2017; 39. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.201700117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco M. Manni
- Université Côte d'Azur; CNRS, IPMC; 06560 Valbonne France
| | - Jure Derganc
- Institute of Biophysics; Faculty of Medicine; University of Ljubljana; 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Alenka Čopič
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR 7592; Université Paris Diderot; Sorbonne Paris Cité 75013 Paris France
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43
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Chabanon M, Stachowiak JC, Rangamani P. Systems biology of cellular membranes: a convergence with biophysics. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 9:10.1002/wsbm.1386. [PMID: 28475297 PMCID: PMC5561455 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Systems biology and systems medicine have played an important role in the last two decades in shaping our understanding of biological processes. While systems biology is synonymous with network maps and '-omics' approaches, it is not often associated with mechanical processes. Here, we make the case for considering the mechanical and geometrical aspects of biological membranes as a key step in pushing the frontiers of systems biology of cellular membranes forward. We begin by introducing the basic components of cellular membranes, and highlight their dynamical aspects. We then survey the functions of the plasma membrane and the endomembrane system in signaling, and discuss the role and origin of membrane curvature in these diverse cellular processes. We further give an overview of the experimental and modeling approaches to study membrane phenomena. We close with a perspective on the converging futures of systems biology and membrane biophysics, invoking the need to include physical variables such as location and geometry in the study of cellular membranes. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2017, 9:e1386. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1386 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Chabanon
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jeanne C. Stachowiak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Padmini Rangamani
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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44
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Why Do Fast-Growing Bacteria Enter Overflow Metabolism? Testing the Membrane Real Estate Hypothesis. Cell Syst 2017; 5:95-104. [PMID: 28755958 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria and other cells show a puzzling behavior. At high growth rates, E. coli switch from respiration (which is ATP-efficient) to using fermentation for additional ATP (which is inefficient). This overflow metabolism results in a several-fold decrease in ATP produced per glucose molecule provided as food. By integrating diverse types of experimental data into a simple biophysical model, we give evidence that this onset is the result of the membrane real estate hypothesis: Fast growth drives cells to be bigger, reducing their surface-to-volume ratios. This decreases the membrane area available for respiratory proteins despite growing demand, causing increased crowding. Only when respiratory proteins reach their crowding limit does the cell activate fermentation, since fermentation allows faster ATP production per unit membrane area. Surface limitation thus creates a Pareto trade-off between membrane efficiency and ATP yield that links metabolic choice to the size and shape of a bacterial cell. By exploring the predictions that emerge from this trade-off, we show how consideration of molecular structures, energetics, rates, and equilibria can provide important insight into cellular behavior.
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45
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Xie J, Zhong G, Cai C, Chen C, Chen X. Rapid and efficient separation of glycoprotein using pH double-responsive imprinted magnetic microsphere. Talanta 2017; 169:98-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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46
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Abstract
Membrane fission, which facilitates compartmentalization of biological processes into discrete, membrane-bound volumes, is essential for cellular life. Proteins with specific structural features including constricting rings, helical scaffolds, and hydrophobic membrane insertions are thought to be the primary drivers of fission. In contrast, here we report a mechanism of fission that is independent of protein structure-steric pressure among membrane-bound proteins. In particular, random collisions among crowded proteins generate substantial pressure, which if unbalanced on the opposite membrane surface can dramatically increase membrane curvature, leading to fission. Using the endocytic protein epsin1 N-terminal homology domain (ENTH), previously thought to drive fission by hydrophobic insertion, our results show that membrane coverage correlates equally with fission regardless of the hydrophobicity of insertions. Specifically, combining FRET-based measurements of membrane coverage with multiple, independent measurements of membrane vesiculation revealed that fission became spontaneous as steric pressure increased. Further, fission efficiency remained equally potent when helices were replaced by synthetic membrane-binding motifs. These data challenge the view that hydrophobic insertions drive membrane fission, suggesting instead that the role of insertions is to anchor proteins strongly to membrane surfaces, amplifying steric pressure. In line with these conclusions, even green fluorescent protein (GFP) was able to drive fission efficiently when bound to the membrane at high coverage. Our conclusions are further strengthened by the finding that intrinsically disordered proteins, which have large hydrodynamic radii yet lack a defined structure, drove fission with substantially greater potency than smaller, structured proteins.
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47
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Zeno WF, Johnson KE, Sasaki DY, Risbud SH, Longo ML. Dynamics of Crowding-Induced Mixing in Phase Separated Lipid Bilayers. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:11180-11190. [PMID: 27723342 PMCID: PMC5548394 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b07119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We use fluorescence microscopy to examine the dynamics of the crowding-induced mixing transition of liquid ordered (Lo)-liquid disordered (Ld) phase separated lipid bilayers when the following particles of increasing size bind to either the Lo or Ld phase: Ubiquitin, green fluorescent protein (GFP), and nanolipoprotein particles (NLPs) of two diameters. These proteinaceous particles contained histidine-tags, which were phase targeted by binding to iminodiacetic acid (IDA) head groups, via a Cu2+ chelating mechanism, of lipids that specifically partition into either the Lo phase or Ld phase. The degree of steric pressure was controlled by varying the size of the bound particle (10-240 kDa) and the amount of binding sites present (i.e., DPIDA concentrations of 9 and 12 mol%) in the supported lipid multibilayer platform used here. We develop a mass transfer-based diffusional model to analyze the observed Lo phase domain dissolution that, along with visual observations and activation energy calculations, provides insight into the sequence of events in crowding-induced mixing. Our results suggest that the degree of steric pressure and target phase influence not only the efficacy of steric-pressure induced mixing, but the rate and controlling mechanism for which it occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wade F. Zeno
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Kaitlin E. Johnson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Darryl Y. Sasaki
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 969, Livermore, California 94551, United States
| | - Subhash H. Risbud
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Marjorie L. Longo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
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48
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Lin X, Zhang S, Ding H, Levental I, Gorfe AA. The aliphatic chain of cholesterol modulates bilayer interleaflet coupling and domain registration. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:3368-3374. [PMID: 27590031 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol is a necessary component and critical regulator of liquid-ordered membrane domains. However, the structural features that determine its unique physicochemical behaviors are not fully understood. In particular, very little is known about the specific functions of the terminal aliphatic chain of cholesterol, as previous studies have focused mainly on the rigid sterol ring structure and its hydroxyl head. In the current work, we used coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the effect of cholesterol aliphatic chain length on the dynamics and structure of coexisting lipid domains. We found that the aliphatic chain has no appreciable effect on phase separation per se, but it significantly affects the rate of cholesterol flip-flop and intermonolayer interaction. These effects are accompanied by changes in domain dynamics, lateral pressure, and interleaflet coupling. Our study provides useful insight into how biological sterols modulate communication between the outer and inner surfaces of the plasma membrane and, therefore, cellular signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xubo Lin
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Siya Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China.,Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Texas 77054, USA
| | - Hui Ding
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Yixing Hospital affiliated Jiangsu University, Jiangsu 214200, China
| | - Ilya Levental
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Alemayehu A Gorfe
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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49
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Zhao C, Busch DJ, Vershel CP, Stachowiak JC. Multifunctional Transmembrane Protein Ligands for Cell-Specific Targeting of Plasma Membrane-Derived Vesicles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:3837-48. [PMID: 27294846 PMCID: PMC5523125 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201600493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Liposomes and nanoparticles that bind selectively to cell-surface receptors can target specific populations of cells. However, chemical conjugation of ligands to these particles is difficult to control, frequently limiting ligand uniformity and complexity. In contrast, the surfaces of living cells are decorated with highly uniform populations of sophisticated transmembrane proteins. Toward harnessing cellular capabilities, here it is demonstrated that plasma membrane vesicles (PMVs) derived from donor cells can display engineered transmembrane protein ligands that precisely target cells on the basis of receptor expression. These multifunctional targeting proteins incorporate (i) a protein ligand, (ii) an intrinsically disordered protein spacer to make the ligand sterically accessible, and (iii) a fluorescent protein domain that enables quantification of the ligand density on the PMV surface. PMVs that display targeting proteins with affinity for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) bind at increasing concentrations to breast cancer cells that express increasing levels of EGFR. Further, as an example of the generality of this approach, PMVs expressing a single-domain antibody against green fluorescence protein (eGFP) bind to cells expressing eGFP-tagged receptors with a selectivity of ≈50:1. The results demonstrate the versatility of PMVs as cell targeting systems, suggesting diverse applications from drug delivery to tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - David J Busch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Connor P Vershel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Jeanne C Stachowiak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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50
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Zeno WF, Rystov A, Sasaki DY, Risbud SH, Longo ML. Crowding-Induced Mixing Behavior of Lipid Bilayers: Examination of Mixing Energy, Phase, Packing Geometry, and Reversibility. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:4688-4697. [PMID: 27096947 PMCID: PMC5519306 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b00831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In an effort to develop a general thermodynamic model from first-principles to describe the mixing behavior of lipid membranes, we examined lipid mixing induced by targeted binding of small (Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP)) and large (nanolipoprotein particles (NLPs)) structures to specific phases of phase-separated lipid bilayers. Phases were targeted by incorporation of phase-partitioning iminodiacetic acid (IDA)-functionalized lipids into ternary lipid mixtures consisting of DPPC, DOPC, and cholesterol. GFP and NLPs, containing histidine tags, bound the IDA portion of these lipids via a metal, Cu(2+), chelating mechanism. In giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs), GFP and NLPs bound to the Lo domains of bilayers containing DPIDA, and bound to the Ld region of bilayers containing DOIDA. At sufficiently large concentrations of DPIDA or DOIDA, lipid mixing was induced by bound GFP and NLPs. The validity of the thermodynamic model was confirmed when it was found that the statistical mixing distribution as a function of crowding energy for smaller GFP and larger NLPs collapsed to the same trend line for each GUV composition. Moreover, results of this analysis show that the free energy of mixing for a ternary lipid bilayer consisting of DOPC, DPPC, and cholesterol varied from 7.9 × 10(-22) to 1.5 × 10(-20) J/lipid at the compositions observed, decreasing as the relative cholesterol concentration was increased. It was discovered that there appears to be a maximum packing density, and associated maximum crowding pressure, of the NLPs, suggestive of circular packing. A similarity in mixing induced by NLP1 and NLP3 despite large difference in projected areas was analytically consistent with monovalent (one histidine tag) versus divalent (two histidine tags) surface interactions, respectively. In addition to GUVs, binding and induced mixing behavior of NLPs was also observed on planar, supported lipid multibilayers. The mixing process was reversible, with Lo domains reappearing after addition of EDTA for NLP removal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Darryl Y Sasaki
- Sandia National Laboratories , P.O. Box 969, Livermore, California 94551, United States
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