1
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Martin MI, Pham TN, Ward KN, Rice AT, Hertler PR, Yap GPA, Gilmartin PH, Rosenthal J. Mapping the influence of ligand electronics on the spectroscopic and 1O 2 sensitization characteristics of Pd(II) biladiene complexes bearing phenyl-alkynyl groups at the 2- and 18-positions. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:7512-7523. [PMID: 37199710 PMCID: PMC10263192 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt00691c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising treatment for certain cancers that proceeds via sensitization of ground state 3O2 to generate reactive 1O2. Classic macrocyclic tetrapyrrole ligand scaffolds, such as porphyrins and phthalocyanines, have been studied in detail for their 1O2 photosensitization capabilities. Despite their compelling photophysics, these systems have been limited in PDT applications because of adverse biological side effects. Conversely, the development of non-traditional oligotetrapyrrole ligands metalated with palladium (Pd[DMBil1]) have established new candidates for PDT that display excellent biocompatibility. Herein, the synthesis, electrochemical, and photophysical characterization of a new family of 2,18-bis(phenylalkynyl)-substituted PdII 10,10-dimethyl-5,15-bis(pentafluorophenyl)-biladiene (Pd[DMBil2-R]) complexes is presented. These second generation biladienes feature extended conjugation relative to previously characterized PdII biladiene scaffolds (Pd[DMBil1]). We show that these new derivatives can be prepared in good yield and, that the electronic nature of the phenylalkynyl appendages dramatically influence the PdII biladiene photophysics. Extending the conjugation of the Pd[DMBil1] core through installation of phenylacetylene resulted in a ∼75 nm red-shift of the biladiene absorption spectrum into the phototherapeutic window (600-900 nm), while maintaining the PdII biladiene's steady-state spectroscopic 1O2 sensitization characteristics. Varying the electronics of the phenylalkyne groups via installation of electron donating or withdrawing groups dramatically influences the steady-state spectroscopic and photophysical properties of the resulting Pd[DMBil2-R] family of complexes. The most electron rich variants (Pd[DMBil2-N(CH3)2]) can absorb light as far red as ∼700 nm but suffer from significantly reduced ability to sensitize formation of 1O2. By contrast, Pd[DMBil2-R] derivatives bearing electron withdrawing functionalities (Pd[DMBil2-CN] and Pd[DMBil2-CF3]) display 1O2 quantum yields above 90%. The collection of results we report suggest that excited state charge transfer from more electron-rich phenyl-alkyne appendages to the electron deficient biladiene core circumvents triplet sensitization. The spectral and redox properties, as well as the triplet sensitization efficiency of each Pd[DMBil2-R] derivative is considered in relation to the Hammett value (σp) for each biladiene's R-group. More broadly, the results reported in this study clearly demonstrate that biladiene redox properties, spectral properties, and photophysics can be perturbed greatly by relatively minor alterations to biladiene structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell I Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
| | - Trong-Nhan Pham
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
| | - Kaytlin N Ward
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
| | - Anthony T Rice
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
| | - Phoebe R Hertler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
| | - Glenn P A Yap
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
| | - Philip H Gilmartin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
| | - Joel Rosenthal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
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2
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Larsen S, Adewuyi JA, Ung G, Ghosh A. Transition-Metal Isocorroles as Singlet Oxygen Sensitizers. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:7483-7490. [PMID: 37141580 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Building on a highly efficient synthesis of pyrrole-appended isocorroles, we have worked out conditions for manganese, palladium, and platinum insertion into free-base 5/10-(2-pyrrolyl)-5,10,15-tris(4-methylphenyl)isocorrole, H2[5/10-(2-py)TpMePiC]. Platinum insertion proved exceedingly challenging but was finally accomplished with cis-Pt(PhCN)2Cl2. All the complexes proved weakly phosphorescent in the near-infrared under ambient conditions, with a maximum phosphorescence quantum yield of 0.1% observed for Pd[5-(2-py)TpMePiC]. The emission maximum was found to exhibit a strong metal ion dependence for the 5-regioisomeric complexes but not for the 10-regioisomers. Despite the low phosphorescence quantum yields, all the complexes were found to sensitize singlet oxygen formation with moderate to good efficiency, with singlet oxygen quantum yields ranging over 21-52%. With significant absorption in the near-infrared and good singlet oxygen-sensitizing ability, metalloisocorroles deserve examination as photosensitizers in the photodynamic therapy of cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Larsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Joseph A Adewuyi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 N. Eagleville Rd, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Gaël Ung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 N. Eagleville Rd, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Abhik Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
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3
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Martin SM, Repa GM, Hamburger RC, Pointer CA, Ward K, Pham TN, Martin MI, Rosenthal J, Fredin LA, Young ER. Elucidation of complex triplet excited state dynamics in Pd(II) biladiene tetrapyrroles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:2179-2189. [PMID: 36594369 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04572a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Pd(II) biladienes have been developed over the last five years as non-aromatic oligotetrapyrrole complexes that support a rich triplet photochemistry. In this work, we have undertaken the first detailed photophysical interrogation of three homologous Pd(II) biladienes bearing different combinations of methyl- and phenyl-substituents on the frameworks' sp3-hybridized meso-carbon (i.e., the 10-position of the biladiene framework). These experiments have revealed unexpected excited-state dynamics that are dependent on the wavelength of light used to excite the biladiene. More specifically, transient absorption spectroscopy revealed that higher-energy excitation (λexc ∼ 350-500 nm) led to an additional lifetime (i.e., an extra photophysical process) compared to experiments carried out following excitation into the lowest-energy excited states (λexc = 550 nm). Each Pd(II) biladiene complex displayed an intersystem crossing lifetime on the order of tens of ps and a triplet lifetime of ∼20 μs, regardless of the excitation wavelength. However, when higher-energy light is used to excite the complexes, a new lifetime on the order of hundreds of ps is observed. The origin of the 'extra' lifetime observed upon higher energy excitation was revealed using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TDDFT). These efforts demonstrated that excitation into higher-energy metal-mixed-charge-transfer excited states with high spin-orbit coupling to higher energy metal-mixed-charge-transfer triplet states leads to the additional excitation deactivation pathway. The results of this work demonstrate that Pd(II) biladienes support a unique triplet photochemistry that may be exploited for development of new photochemical schemes and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shea M Martin
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, 6 E. Packer Ave., Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA.
| | - Gil M Repa
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, 6 E. Packer Ave., Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA.
| | - Robert C Hamburger
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, 6 E. Packer Ave., Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA.
| | - Craig A Pointer
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, 6 E. Packer Ave., Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA.
| | - Kaytlin Ward
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brown Laboratory, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
| | - Trong-Nhan Pham
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brown Laboratory, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
| | - Maxwell I Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brown Laboratory, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
| | - Joel Rosenthal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brown Laboratory, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
| | - Lisa A Fredin
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, 6 E. Packer Ave., Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA.
| | - Elizabeth R Young
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, 6 E. Packer Ave., Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA.
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4
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Qiu Y, Zhang Y, Jiang Q, Wang H, Liao Y, Zhou H, Xie X. Highly Specific and Sensitive Naked-Eye Fluoride Ion Recognition via Unzipping a Helical Poly(phenylacetylene). Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yonggui Liao
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Huamin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaolin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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5
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Bej S, Ghosh M, Das R, Banerjee P. Evaluation of nanomaterials-grafted enzymes for application in contaminants degradation: Need of the hour with proposed IoT synchronized nanosensor fit sustainable clean water technology in en masse. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2022.100429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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6
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Cai Q, Tran LK, Qiu T, Eddy JW, Pham TN, Yap GPA, Rosenthal J. An Easily Prepared Monomeric Cobalt(II) Tetrapyrrole Complex That Efficiently Promotes the 4e -/4H + Peractivation of O 2 to Water. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:5442-5451. [PMID: 35358381 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The selective 4e-/4H+ reduction of dioxygen to water is an important reaction that takes place at the cathode of fuel cells. Monomeric aromatic tetrapyrroles (such as porphyrins, phthalocyanines, and corroles) coordinated to Co(II) or Co(III) have been considered as oxygen reduction catalysts due to their low cost and relative ease of synthesis. However, these systems have been repeatedly shown to be selective for O2 reduction by the less desired 2e-/2H+ pathway to yield hydrogen peroxide. Herein, we report the initial synthesis and study of a Co(II) tetrapyrrole complex based on a nonaromatic isocorrole scaffold that is competent for 4e-/4H+ oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). This Co(II) 10,10-dimethyl isocorrole (Co[10-DMIC]) is obtained in just four simple steps and has excellent yield from a known dipyrromethane synthon. Evaluation of the steady state spectroscopic and redox properties of Co[10-DMIC] against those of Co porphyrin (cobalt 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin, [Co(TPFPP)]) and corrole (cobalt 5,10,15-tris(pentafluorophenyl)corrole triphenylphosphine, Co[TPFPC](PPh3)) homologues demonstrated that the spectroscopic and electrochemical properties of the isocorrole are distinct from those displayed by more traditional aromatic tetrapyrroles. Further, the investigation of the ORR activity of Co[10-DMIC] using a combination of electrochemical and chemical reduction studies revealed that this simple, unadorned monomeric Co(II) tetrapyrrole is ∼85% selective for the 4e-/4H+ reduction of O2 to H2O over the more kinetically facile 2e-/2H+ process that delivers H2O2. In contrast, the same ORR evaluations conducted for the Co porphyrin and corrole homologues demonstrated that these traditional aromatic systems catalyze the 2e-/2H+ conversion of O2 to H2O2 with near complete selectivity. Despite being a simple, easily prepared, monomeric tetrapyrrole platform, Co[10-DMIC] supports an ORR catalysis that has historically only been achieved using elaborate porphyrinoid-based architectures that incorporate pendant proton-transfer groups or ditopic molecular clefts or that impose cofacially oriented O2 binding sites. Accordingly, Co[10-DMIC] represents the first simple, unadorned, monomeric metalloisocorrole complex that can be easily prepared and shows a privileged performance for the 4e-/4H+ peractivation of O2 to water as compared to other simple cobalt containing tetrapyrroles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuqi Cai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Linh K Tran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Tian Qiu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Jennifer W Eddy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Trong-Nhan Pham
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Glenn P A Yap
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Joel Rosenthal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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7
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Xue R, Zhou Y, Lin Q, Zhang L, Li C, Chen Y, Xie Y, Liu X. Loading Phlorins with Fullerenes by a [4 + 2]-Cycloaddition Reaction: Regulation of the Regioselectivity by Pyrrole Linkage Modes. J Org Chem 2022; 87:2758-2766. [PMID: 35166524 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sulfolenopyrrole-based normal and N-confused phlorins have been constructed to address the seldom touched phlorin functionalization and simultaneously explore the effect of the pyrrole linkage modes (αα, αβ) on the [4 + 2] cycloaddition reaction. The common sulfolenophlorin 1 contains two sulfolenopyrroles with the same reactivity upon tautomerization and undergoes stepwise [4 + 2]-cycloaddition with fullerene to furnish monoadduct 1-C60 and bisadduct 1-2C60 with a total yield up to 76%. By contrast, the presence of the confused pyrrole in 2 fixes the π-system owing to the low tendency to tautomerize and enables the two sulfolenopyrroles to exhibit in different fashions (i.e., normal NH-type and imino-type). Notably, under milder conditions (120 °C), the monofullerenoadduct 2-C60 forms rapidly and has been isolated from the [4 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of 2 and fullerene as the predominant fraction, accompanied by a trace amount of bisadduct 2-2C60. Raising the temperature to 140 °C did not improve the yield of 2-2C60. The structural analysis of 2-C60 indicates the attachment of fullerene at the iminopyrrole part. The high regioselectivity in the [4 + 2] cycloaddition of the imino-type sulfolenopyrrole unit has been rationalized thermodynamically by the DFT calculation on the relative energy of the two diene intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongchao Xue
- School of Science, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Yongzhu Zhou
- School of Science, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Qianghao Lin
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Science, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Chengjie Li
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Science, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Yongshu Xie
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiujun Liu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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8
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Ishida M. Synthesis of Near-Infrared Light-responsive Dyes Based on N-Confused Porphyrinoids. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2022. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.80.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Ishida
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University
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9
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Cai Q, Rice AT, Pointer CA, Martin MI, Davies B, Yu A, Ward K, Hertler PR, Warndorf MC, Yap GPA, Young ER, Rosenthal J. Synthesis, Electrochemistry, and Photophysics of Pd(II) Biladiene Complexes Bearing Varied Substituents at the sp 3-Hybridized 10-Position. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:15797-15807. [PMID: 34597507 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A set of Pd(II) biladiene complexes bearing different combinations of methyl- and phenyl-substituents on the sp3-hybridized meso-carbon (the 10-position of the biladiene framework) was prepared and studied. In addition to a previously described Pd(II) biladiene complex bearing geminal dimethyl substituents a the 10-position (Pd[DMBil]), homologous Pd(II) biladienes bearing geminal methyl and phenyl substituents (Pd[MPBil1]) and geminal diphenyl groups(Pd[DPBil1]) were prepared and structurally characterized. Detailed electrochemical as well as steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopic experiments were undertaken to evaluate the influence of the substituents on the biladiene's tetrahedral meso-carbon. Although all three biladiene homologues are isostructural, Pd[MPBil1] and Pd[DPBil1] display more intense absorption profiles that shift slightly toward lower energies as geminal methyl groups are replaced by phenyl rings. All three biladiene homologues support a triplet photochemistry, and replacement of the geminal dimethyl substituents of Pd[DMBil1] (ΦΔ = 54%) with phenyl groups improves the ability of Pd[MPBil1] (ΦΔ = 76%) and Pd[DPBil1] (ΦΔ = 66%) to sensitize 1O2. Analysis of the excited-state dynamics of the Pd(II) biladienes by transient absorption spectroscopy shows that each complex supports a long-lived triplet excited-state (i.e., τ > 15 μs for each homologue) but that the ISC quantum yields (ΦT) varied as a function of biladiene substitution. The observed trend in ISC efficiency matches that for singlet oxygen sensitization quantum yields (ΦΔ) across the biladiene series considered in this work. The results of this study provide new insights to guide future development of biladiene based agents for PDT and other photochemical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuqi Cai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Anthony T Rice
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Craig A Pointer
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Maxwell I Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Brendan Davies
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - An Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Kaytlin Ward
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Phoebe R Hertler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Molly C Warndorf
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Glenn P A Yap
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Elizabeth R Young
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Joel Rosenthal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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10
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Gao S, Li C, Baryshnikov G, Ågren H, Li Q, Xie Y. Syntheses of thiophene appended N-confused phlorin isomers. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2021. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424621500905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A doubly confused thiapentapyrrane NSP-5 was synthesized by acid-catalysed condensation. Subsequent oxidation with DDQ did not afford the expected thiasapphyrin-like product. Instead, two tetrapyrrolic macrocycles, i.e. neo-N-confused phlorin (1) and N-confused phlorin-II (2) were obtained in the yields of 14% and 18%, respectively. The compounds were characterized by NMR, HRMS, and X-ray diffraction analyses. Single crystal structures clearly reveal that the thienyl units are not embedded into the macrocycles, but appended as meso-substituents, and the C[Formula: see text]-N and C[Formula: see text]-C[Formula: see text] cyclization modes can be clearly revealed by the crystal structures of 1 and 2, respectively. The observation that the thienyl unit is not involved in oxidative cyclization may be related to the relatively low reactivity of the thiophene moiety compared with the more electron-rich pyrrole unit. These results indicate that oxidative cyclization of linear thiaoligopyrranes containing terminal thiophene units may be developed as an effective approach for synthesizing nonconjugated macrocycles like phlorin analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimin Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Chengjie Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Glib Baryshnikov
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry and Nanomaterials Science, Bohdan Khmelnytsky National University, 18031, Cherkasy, Ukraine
| | - Hans Ågren
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Qizhao Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yongshu Xie
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
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11
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Rahman MH, Atifi A, Rosenthal J, Ryan MD. Reversible Proton-Coupled Reduction of an Iron Nitrosyl Porphyrin within [DBU-H] +-Based Protic Ionic Liquid Nanodomains. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:10631-10641. [PMID: 34232621 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The reduction of [Fe(OEP)(NO)] has been studied in the presence of aprotic room-temperature ionic liquids (RTIL) and protic (PIL) ionic liquids dissolved within a molecular solvent (MS). The cyclic voltammetric results showed the formation of RTIL nanodomains at low concentrations of the RTIL/PIL solutions. The pKa values of the two PILs studied (i.e., trialkylammonium and [DBU-H]+-based ionic liquids) differed by four units in THF. While voltammetry in solutions containing all three RTILs showed similar potential shifts of the first reduction of [Fe(OEP)(NO)] to [Fe(OEP)(NO)]- at low concentrations, significant differences were observed at higher concentrations for the ammonium PIL. The trialkylammonium cation had previously been shown to protonate the {FeNO}8 species at room temperature. Visible and infrared spectroelectrochemistry revealed that the [DBU-H]+-based PIL formed hydrogen bonds with [Fe(OEP)(NO)]- rather than formally protonating it. Despite these differences, both PILs were able to efficiently reduce the nitrosyl species to the hydroxylamine complex, which could be further reduced to ammonia. On the voltammetric time scale and when the switching potential was positive of the Fe(II)/Fe(I) potential, the hydroxylamine complex was re-oxidized back to the NO complex via direct oxidation of the coordinated hydroxylamine at low scan rates or initial oxidation of the ferrous porphyrin at high scan rates. The results of this work show that, while [DBU-H]+ does not protonate electrochemically generated [Fe(OEP)(NO)]-, it still plays an important role in efficiently reducing the nitroxyl ligand via a series of proton-coupled electron transfer steps to generate hydroxylamine and eventually ammonia. The overall reaction rates were independent of the PIL concentration, consistent with the nanodomain formation being important to the reduction process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Hafizur Rahman
- Chemistry Department, PO Box 1881, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Abderrahman Atifi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Joel Rosenthal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Michael D Ryan
- Chemistry Department, PO Box 1881, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
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12
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Buglak AA, Charisiadis A, Sheehan A, Kingsbury CJ, Senge MO, Filatov MA. Quantitative Structure-Property Relationship Modelling for the Prediction of Singlet Oxygen Generation by Heavy-Atom-Free BODIPY Photosensitizers*. Chemistry 2021; 27:9934-9947. [PMID: 33876842 PMCID: PMC8362084 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Heavy-atom-free sensitizers forming long-living triplet excited states via the spin-orbit charge transfer intersystem crossing (SOCT-ISC) process have recently attracted attention due to their potential to replace costly transition metal complexes in photonic applications. The efficiency of SOCT-ISC in BODIPY donor-acceptor dyads, so far the most thoroughly investigated class of such sensitizers, can be finely tuned by structural modification. However, predicting the triplet state yields and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation quantum yields for such compounds in a particular solvent is still very challenging due to a lack of established quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) models. In this work, the available data on singlet oxygen generation quantum yields (ΦΔ ) for a dataset containing >70 heavy-atom-free BODIPY in three different solvents (toluene, acetonitrile, and tetrahydrofuran) were analyzed. In order to build reliable QSPR model, a series of new BODIPYs were synthesized that bear different electron donating aryl groups in the meso position, their optical and structural properties were studied along with the solvent dependence of singlet oxygen generation, which confirmed the formation of triplet states via the SOCT-ISC mechanism. For the combined dataset of BODIPY structures, a total of more than 5000 quantum-chemical descriptors was calculated including quantum-chemical descriptors using density functional theory (DFT), namely M06-2X functional. QSPR models predicting ΦΔ values were developed using multiple linear regression (MLR), which perform significantly better than other machine learning methods and show sufficient statistical parameters (R=0.88-0.91 and q2 =0.62-0.69) for all three solvents. A small root mean squared error of 8.2 % was obtained for ΦΔ values predicted using MLR model in toluene. As a result, we proved that QSPR and machine learning techniques can be useful for predicting ΦΔ values in different media and virtual screening of new heavy-atom-free BODIPYs with improved photosensitizing ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey A. Buglak
- Faculty of PhysicsSaint-Petersburg State UniversityUniversiteteskaya Emb. 7–9199034St. PetersburgRussia
| | - Asterios Charisiadis
- Chair of Organic Chemistry School of Chemistry Trinity Biomedical Sciences InstituteTrinity College Dublin The University of Dublin152-160Pearse StreetDublin 2Ireland
| | - Aimee Sheehan
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical SciencesTechnological University DublinCity Campus, Kevin StreetDublin 8Ireland
| | - Christopher J. Kingsbury
- Chair of Organic Chemistry School of Chemistry Trinity Biomedical Sciences InstituteTrinity College Dublin The University of Dublin152-160Pearse StreetDublin 2Ireland
| | - Mathias O. Senge
- Institute for Advanced Study (TUM-IAS)Technical University of MunichLichtenberg-Str. 2a85748GarchingGermany
| | - Mikhail A. Filatov
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical SciencesTechnological University DublinCity Campus, Kevin StreetDublin 8Ireland
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13
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Pistner AJ, Martin MI, Yap GP, Rosenthal J. Synthesis, structure, electronic characterization, and halogenation of gold(III) phlorin complexes. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2021. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424621500565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The metalation chemistry of the phlorin, which is a non-aromatic tetrapyrrole macrocycle containing a single sp3-hybridized meso-carbon has remained underdeveloped, as compared to that of more traditional tetrapyrroles such as porphyrins, corroles and phthalocyanines. There have been few prior efforts to prepare metallophlorins, and those that have been reported have relied on either reduction or nucleophilic attack of parent metalloporphyrins, rather than direct metalation of freebase phlorin constructs. In this work, an alternate synthetic approach for preparation of gold(III) phlorin complexes that involves the first direct metalation of two different freebase phlorin derivatives (3H(Phl[Formula: see text] and 3H(Phl[Formula: see text] with AuBr3 to produce the stable and fully isolable gold(III) phlorin complexes Au(Phl[Formula: see text] and Au(Phl[Formula: see text] is reported. The first structural characterization of a metallophlorin bearing geminal dimethyl substituents at the sp3-hybridized meso-carbon via X-ray crystallography is also reported. In addition to the preparation of Au(Phl[Formula: see text] and Au(Phl[Formula: see text], the UV-vis absorption and redox properties of these two gold(III) phlorins in comparison to those of their freebase homologues is also detailed. Notably, the metallophlorins are characterized by panchromatic absorbance profiles and intense and broad bands that span the long-visible and into the near-IR regions, as well as two fully reversible oxidation and reduction waves as probed by cyclic voltammetry. Finally, the chlorination of Au(Phl[Formula: see text] using PhI(Cl[Formula: see text] was probed and it was found that this regioslective reaction generates monochlorinated (Au(Phl[Formula: see text]Cl)) and dichlorinated (Au(Phl[Formula: see text]Cl[Formula: see text] products, which were both structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen J. Pistner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Maxwell I. Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Glenn P.A. Yap
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Joel Rosenthal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
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14
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Wang R, Yin Y, Xu K, Wu L, Huang Z, Hsu HY, Sessler JL, Zhang Z. Doubly N-confused phlorin and phlorinone analogue. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:2772-2775. [PMID: 33596301 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00216c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A doubly N-confused phlorin and phlorinone analogue were synthesized from a β,β'-linked dipyrromethane precursor and characterized by means of NMR and UV-Vis spectroscopies, X-ray crystallography, and electrochemistry. Solvents have a considerable impact on the optical absorption of the doubly N-confused phlorin so that it can differentiate simple alcohols such as methanol and ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runju Wang
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Ying Yin
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Kui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Lamei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Zhengxi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Hsien-Yi Hsu
- School of Energy and Environment & Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China and Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Jonathan L Sessler
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Zhan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China.
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15
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Martin MI, Cai Q, Yap GPA, Rosenthal J. Synthesis, Redox, and Spectroscopic Properties of Pd(II) 10,10-Dimethylisocorrole Complexes Prepared via Bromination of Dimethylbiladiene Oligotetrapyrroles. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:18241-18252. [PMID: 33284618 PMCID: PMC8211382 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Two brominated 10,10-dimethylisocorrole (10-DMIC) derivatives containing Pd(II) centers have been prepared and characterized. These compounds were prepared via bromination of 10,10-dimethylbiladiene-based oligotetrapyrroles. Bromination of free base 10,10-dimethylbiladiene (DMBil1) followed by metalation with Pd(OAc)2, as well as bromination of the corresponding Pd(II) dimethylbiladiene complex (Pd[DMBil1]) provide routes to Pd(II) hexabromo-10,10-dimethyl-5,15-bis(pentafluorophenyl)-isocorrole (Pd[10-DMIC-Br6]) and Pd(II) octabromo-10,10-dimethyl-5,15-bis(pentafluorophenyl)-isocorrole (Pd[10-DMIC-Br8]). The solid-state structures of the two brominated isocorrole complexes are presented, as is that for a new decabrominated dimethylbiladiene derivative (DMBil-Br10). The electronic and spectroscopic properties of the brominated biladiene and isocorrole derivatives were probed using a combination of voltammetric methods and steady-state UV-vis absorption and emission experiments. Data obtained from these experiments allow the properties of the brominated biladiene and isocorrole derivatives to be compared to previously studied biladiene derivatives (i.e., DMBil1 and Pd[DMBil1]). CV and DPV experiments demonstrate that Pd[10-DMIC-Br6] and Pd[10-DMIC-Br8] support well-behaved multielectron redox chemistry, similar to that which has been observed for other nonaromatic tetrapyrroles containing sp3-hybridized meso-carbons. Spectroscopic experiments reveal that bromination of the dimethylbiladiene core shifts this system's UV-vis absorption profile to lower energy and that the dimethylisocorrole complexes support panchromatic absorption profiles that extend across the UV-vis and into the near-IR region. Photosensitization experiments demonstrate that unlike previously studied Pd(II) biladiene constructs, DMBil-Br10, Pd[10-DMIC-Br6], and Pd[10-DMIC-Br8] support limited triplet excited state chemistry with O2, indicating that the novel nonaromatic tetrapyrrole derivatives described in this work may be best suited for applications other than singlet oxygen sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell I Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Qiuqi Cai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Glenn P A Yap
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Joel Rosenthal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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16
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Du Y, Zhu B, Li Q, Baryshnikov G, Wei C, Lin Y, Su G, Li C, Ågren H, Xie Y. N-Confused Hexapyrrolic Phlorinoid with NIR Absorption: Synthesis, Fusion, Oxidation, and Copper(II) Coordination. Org Lett 2020; 22:9648-9652. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Du
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Crystal Engineering & Technology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Crystal Engineering & Technology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
| | - Qizhao Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Crystal Engineering & Technology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, 410081, Changsha, China
| | - Glib Baryshnikov
- Key Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chuanwan Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, 421001, Hengyang, China
| | - Yingwu Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, 421001, Hengyang, China
| | - Guangxian Su
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Crystal Engineering & Technology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengjie Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Crystal Engineering & Technology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
| | - Hans Ågren
- Key Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yongshu Xie
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Crystal Engineering & Technology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
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17
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Li C, Li Q, Shao J, Tong Z, Ishida M, Baryshnikov G, Ågren H, Furuta H, Xie Y. Expanded N-Confused Phlorin: A Platform for a Multiply Fused Polycyclic Ring System via Oxidation within the Macrocycle. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:17195-17205. [PMID: 32985886 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Novel interrupted π-conjugated macrocycles derived from expanded porphyrinoids were synthesized, and their unique reactivity was investigated in this work. The specific porphyrin analogs, so-called phlorins and isoporphyrins, possess a meso-sp3 methylene moiety, showing inner 3NH and 1NH pyrrolic cores, respectively, and extended near-infrared (NIR) absorption. Expanded N-confused pentapyrrolic phlorin analog 1 bears an interrupted cyclic π-conjugated system that is featured by a distinct higher HOMO and a lower LUMO. Oxidation of 1 allowed structural transformations through the expanded isoporphyrin-like species 2. One of the representative products is a spiro-carbon-bridged multiply N-fused product 3 comprising a fused [5.6.5.7.6.5]-hexacyclic ring obtained by oxidation with 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzoquinone. When magic blue was used as the oxidant, an aromatic N-confused pentaphyrin 4 was obtained via migration of one of the meso-phenyl groups to the β-position of the neighboring pyrrolic ring. By employing the flexible cavity of 1 for metal coordination, Pd(II) complexation occurred with a specific meso oxygenation to give a bimetallic complex 5. In contrast to the rich oxidation reactions, reduction of 1 with NaBH4 resulted in the regioselective nucleophilic hydrogen substitution reaction at the para position of one of the meso-C6F5 groups. These results provide a practical approach for synthesizing novel interrupted or aromatic π-conjugated frameworks showing NIR absorptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjie Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qizhao Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiewei Shao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhangfa Tong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Resource Processing and Process Intensification Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Masatoshi Ishida
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, and Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Glib Baryshnikov
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, Biology School of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
| | - Hans Ågren
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, Biology School of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
| | - Hiroyuki Furuta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, and Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yongshu Xie
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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18
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Grover N, Sankar M. N-Confused Porphyrin - A Unique "Turn-On" Chemosensor for CN - and F - ions and "Turn-Off" Sensor for ClO 4 - ions. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:2192-2197. [PMID: 32468689 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
N-Confused meso-tetrakis(4-carbomethoxyphenyl)porphyrin (1) and its Ni(II) complex (1 a) have been synthesized and utilized for anion sensing studies, and the results are compared with N-confused meso-tetraphenylporphyrin (NCTPP). Anion susceptibilities of 1 and 1 a were investigated using spectroscopic, electrochemical, and DFT studies. Porphyrins 1 and 1 a were able to detect CN- , F- , and ClO4 - ions selectively over the tested set of anions even at ppm level. Interestingly, the addition of ClO4 - ions resulted in fluorescence quenching (turn off) whereas the addition of F- or CN- resulted in fluorescence enhancement (turn on). Notably, the TFA addition resulted in fluorescence quenching, whereas the fluorescence enhancement was observed while adding TBAOH. The higher association constant (Ka ) values with anions, lower detection limit, and shifts in redox potentials are due to the electron-withdrawing effect of the -COOCH3 group at the para-position of the meso-phenyl ring. This electron-withdrawing nature is crucial for the higher affinity towards anions. The anion sensing description in this article may not only unveil the built-in nature of N-confused porphyrins, but may also provide a general proposal for the development of novel anion sensors based on porphyrinoids. The electron-deficient porphyrin framework, large polarisable π-system, and anion binding through the outer NH or a combination of the above factors serve as a foundation for N-confused porphyrin to act as an anion sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitika Grover
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Muniappan Sankar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
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19
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Guo X, Wang N, Li X, Zhang Z, Zhao J, Ren W, Ding S, Xu G, Li J, Apfel U, Zhang W, Cao R. Homolytic versus Heterolytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Steered by a Steric Effect. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202002311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Ni Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Xialiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Zongyao Zhang
- Chemistry Research Laboratory Department of Chemistry University of Oxford Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Jianping Zhao
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology University of Chinese Academy of Science Beijing 101408 China
| | - Wanjie Ren
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology University of Chinese Academy of Science Beijing 101408 China
| | - Shuping Ding
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Gelun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology University of Chinese Academy of Science Beijing 101408 China
| | - Ulf‐Peter Apfel
- Ruhr Universität Bochum Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie Anorganische Chemie I Universitätsstrasse 150 44801 Bochum Germany
- Fraunhofer UMSICHT Osterfelder Strasse 3 46047 Oberhausen Germany
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Rui Cao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
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20
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Homolytic versus Heterolytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Steered by a Steric Effect. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:8941-8946. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202002311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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21
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Wang J, Potocny AM, Rosenthal J, Day ES. Gold Nanoshell-Linear Tetrapyrrole Conjugates for Near Infrared-Activated Dual Photodynamic and Photothermal Therapies. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:926-940. [PMID: 31956847 PMCID: PMC6964518 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b04150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment in which photoactive compounds delivered to cancerous tissues are excited with light and then transfer the absorbed energy to adjacent tissue oxygen molecules to generate toxic singlet oxygen (1O2). As 1O2 is produced only where light and photosensitizers (PSs) are combined, PDT holds promise as a minimally invasive, highly selective treatment for certain cancers. The practical application of PDT requires easily synthesized, water-soluble PSs that have low dark toxicities, high 1O2 quantum yields, and efficient absorption of 650-850 nm near-infrared (NIR) light, which deeply penetrates tissue. We recently developed a linear tetrapyrrole metal complex, Pd[DMBil1]-PEG750, that meets most of these criteria. This complex is remarkably effective as a PS for PDT against triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells but, critically, it does not absorb NIR light, which is necessary to treat deeper tumors. To enable NIR activation, we synthesized a new derivative, Pd[DMBil1]-PEG5000-SH, which bears a thiol functionality that facilitates conjugation to NIR-absorbing gold nanoshells (NSs). Upon excitation with pulsed 800 nm light, NSs emit two-photon-induced photoluminescence spanning 500-700 nm, which can sensitize the attached PSs to initiate PDT. Additionally, NSs produce heat upon 800 nm irradiation, endowing the NS-PS conjugates with an auxiliary photothermal therapeutic (PTT) capability. Here, we demonstrate that NS-PS conjugates are potent mediators of NIR-activated tandem PDT/PTT against TNBC cells in vitro. We show that Pd[DMBil1]-PEG5000-SH retains the photophysical properties of the parent Pd[DMBil1] complex, and that NS-PS generate 1O2 under pulsed 800 nm irradiation, confirming activation of the PSs by photoluminescence emitted from NSs. TNBC cells readily internalize NS PS conjugates, which generate reactive oxygen species in the cells upon pulsed NIR irradiation to damage DNA and induce apoptosis. Together, these findings demonstrate that exploiting photoluminescent NSs as carriers of efficient Pd[DMBil1] PSs is an effective strategy to enable NIR light-activated tandem PDT/PTT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Wang
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Department of
Material Science & Engineering, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Andrea M. Potocny
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Department of
Material Science & Engineering, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Joel Rosenthal
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Department of
Material Science & Engineering, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- E-mail: (J.R.)
| | - Emily S. Day
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Department of
Material Science & Engineering, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Helen
F. Graham Cancer Center and Research Institute, Newark, Delaware 19713, United States
- E-mail: (E.S.D.)
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22
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Su G, Li Q, Ishida M, Li C, Sha F, Wu X, Wang L, Baryshnikov G, Li D, Ågren H, Furuta H, Xie Y. N‐Confused Phlorin‐Prodigiosin Chimera:
meso
‐Aryl Oxidation and π‐Extension Triggered by Peripheral Coordination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201913290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangxian Su
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Qizhao Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Masatoshi Ishida
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Graduate School of Engineering and Center for Molecular Systems Kyushu University Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Chengjie Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Feng Sha
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Xin‐Yan Wu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Glib Baryshnikov
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology School of Biotechnology KTH Royal Institute of Technology 10691 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Dawei Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Hans Ågren
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology School of Biotechnology KTH Royal Institute of Technology 10691 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Hiroyuki Furuta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Graduate School of Engineering and Center for Molecular Systems Kyushu University Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Yongshu Xie
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
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23
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Su G, Li Q, Ishida M, Li C, Sha F, Wu X, Wang L, Baryshnikov G, Li D, Ågren H, Furuta H, Xie Y. N‐Confused Phlorin‐Prodigiosin Chimera:
meso
‐Aryl Oxidation and π‐Extension Triggered by Peripheral Coordination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:1537-1541. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201913290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangxian Su
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Qizhao Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Masatoshi Ishida
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Graduate School of Engineering and Center for Molecular Systems Kyushu University Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Chengjie Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Feng Sha
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Xin‐Yan Wu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Glib Baryshnikov
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology School of Biotechnology KTH Royal Institute of Technology 10691 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Dawei Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Hans Ågren
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology School of Biotechnology KTH Royal Institute of Technology 10691 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Hiroyuki Furuta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Graduate School of Engineering and Center for Molecular Systems Kyushu University Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Yongshu Xie
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
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24
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Mazzeo A, Pellegrino J, Doctorovich F. Water-Soluble Nitroxyl Porphyrin Complexes Fe IITPPSHNO and Fe IITPPSNO - Obtained from Isolated Fe IITPPSNO •. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:18521-18530. [PMID: 31657216 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b09161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The first biomimetic water-soluble FeII-porphyrin nitroxyl complexes were obtained and characterized by UV-vis in protonated and deprotonated forms by reduction of previously isolated and characterized FeIITPPSNO•. The pKa involved in the FeII-HNO ⇄ FeII-NO- + H+ equilibrium was estimated to be around 9.7. The FeIITPPSHNO complex spontaneously reoxidizes to the nitrosyl form following a first-order kinetic decay with a measured kinetic constant of k = 0.017 s-1. Experiments show that the HNO adduct undergoes unimolecular homolytic cleavage of the H-NO bond. DFT calculations suggest a phlorin radical intermediate for this reaction. The deprotonated NO- complex resulted to be more stable, with a half-life of about 10 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agostina Mazzeo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica, y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales , Universidad de Buenos Aires , INQUIMAE-CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. 2, C1428EHA , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Juan Pellegrino
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica, y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales , Universidad de Buenos Aires , INQUIMAE-CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. 2, C1428EHA , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Fabio Doctorovich
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica, y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales , Universidad de Buenos Aires , INQUIMAE-CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. 2, C1428EHA , Buenos Aires , Argentina
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25
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Yao Y, Rao Y, Liu Y, Jiang L, Xiong J, Fan YJ, Shen Z, Sessler JL, Zhang JL. Aromaticity versus regioisomeric effect of β-substituents in porphyrinoids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:10152-10162. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp01177c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Maximizing the regioisomeric effect of β-substituents on photophysical properties of porphyrinoids through disruption of TT-conjugation and reducing the aromaticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
| | - Yu Rao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
| | - Yiwei Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
| | - Liang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
- P. R. China
| | - Jin Xiong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
| | - Ying-Jie Fan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
| | - Zhen Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
- P. R. China
| | - Jonathan L. Sessler
- Institute for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Jun-Long Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
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26
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Potocny AM, Riley RS, O'Sullivan RK, Day ES, Rosenthal J. Photochemotherapeutic Properties of a Linear Tetrapyrrole Palladium(II) Complex displaying an Exceptionally High Phototoxicity Index. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:10608-10615. [PMID: 30132325 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) represents a minimally invasive and highly localized treatment strategy to ablate tumors with few side effects. In PDT, photosensitizers embedded within tumors are activated by light and undergo intersystem crossing, followed by energy transfer to molecular oxygen, resulting in the production of toxic singlet oxygen (1O2). Previously, we reported a robust, linear tetrapyrrole palladium(II) complex, Pd[DMBil1], characterized by its facile and modular synthesis, broad absorption profile, and efficient 1O2 quantum yield of ΦΔ = 0.8 in organic media. However, the insolubility of this porphyrinoid derivative in aqueous solution prevents its use under biologically relevant conditions. In this work, we report the synthesis of Pd[DMBil1]-PEG750, a water-soluble dimethylbiladiene derivative that is appended with a poly(ethylene) glycol (PEG) functionality. Characterization of this complex shows that this PEGylated biladiene architecture maintains the attractive photophysical properties of the parent complex under biologically relevant conditions. More specifically, the absorption profile of Pd[DMBil1]-PEG750 closely matches that of Pd[DMBil1] and obeys the Beer-Lambert Law, suggesting that the complex does not aggregate under biologically relevant conditions. Additionally, the emission spectrum of Pd[DMBil1]-PEG750 retains the fluorescence and phosphorescence features characteristic of Pd[DMBil1]. Importantly, the PEGylated photosensitizer generates 1O2 with ΦΔ = 0.57, which is well within the range to warrant interrogation as a potential PDT agent for treatment of cancer cells. The Pd[DMBil1]-PEG750 is biologically compatible, as it is taken up by MDA-MB-231 triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells and has an effective dose (ED50) of only 0.354 μM when exposed to λex > 500 nm light for 30 min. Impressively, the lethal dose (LD50) of Pd[DMBil1]-PEG750 without light exposure was measured to be 1.87 mM, leading to a remarkably high phototoxicity index of ∼5300, which is vastly superior to existing photosensitizers that form the basis for clinical PDT treatments. Finally, through flow cytometry experiments, we show that PDT with Pd[DMBil1]-PEG750 induces primarily apoptotic cell death in MDA-MB-231 cells. Overall these results demonstrate that Pd[DMBil1]-PEG750 is an easily prepared, biologically compatible, and well-tolerated photochemotherapeutic agent that can efficiently drive the photoinduced apoptotic death of TNBC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Emily S Day
- Helen F. Graham Cancer Center and Research Institute , Newark , Delaware 19713 , United States
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27
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Li C, Liu X, Shao J, Su G, Xie Y. Synthesis of a doubly SO2-fused phlorin: Tuning the structure and properties by the SO2 groups. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2018. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424618500657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A doubly SO2-fused phlorin 4 has been synthesized by the [2 + 2] condensation of dipyrromethanecarbinol 2 and SO2-fused dipyrromenthane 3 in the presence of TFA, followed by DDQ oxidation. The SO2-fused phlorin 4 has been characterized by absorption, fluorescence, mass and NMR spectra, as well as X-ray analysis. Compared to the [Formula: see text]-unsubstituted phlorin 5, the SO2-fused phlorin 4 exhibits a red-shifted absorption spectrum (around 12 nm), a more distorted molecular conformation, as well as nice photostability even with an electron-donating meso-3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl group. The titration of 4 and 5 with TBAF has been monitored by absorption spectroscopy. The deprotonated phlorin 4 shows a peak at 870 nm which is red shifted by 26 nm compared to that of deprotonated 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjie Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 200237 Shanghai, China
| | - Xiujun Liu
- Research Center of Analysis and Test, East China University of Science & Technology, 200237 Shanghai, China
| | - Jiewei Shao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 200237 Shanghai, China
| | - Guangxian Su
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 200237 Shanghai, China
| | - Yongshu Xie
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 200237 Shanghai, China
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28
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Aslam AS, Hong JH, Shin JH, Cho DG. Synthesis of a Phlorin from a Meso-Fused Anthriporphyrin by a Diels-Alder Strategy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:16247-16251. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201709026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adil S. Aslam
- Department of Chemistry; Inha University; Incheon 22212 Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Ho Hong
- Department of Chemistry; Inha University; Incheon 22212 Republic of Korea
| | - June-Ho Shin
- Department of Chemistry; Inha University; Incheon 22212 Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Gyu Cho
- Department of Chemistry; Inha University; Incheon 22212 Republic of Korea
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29
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Aslam AS, Hong JH, Shin JH, Cho DG. Synthesis of a Phlorin from a Meso-Fused Anthriporphyrin by a Diels-Alder Strategy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201709026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adil S. Aslam
- Department of Chemistry; Inha University; Incheon 22212 Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Ho Hong
- Department of Chemistry; Inha University; Incheon 22212 Republic of Korea
| | - June-Ho Shin
- Department of Chemistry; Inha University; Incheon 22212 Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Gyu Cho
- Department of Chemistry; Inha University; Incheon 22212 Republic of Korea
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30
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Potocny AM, Pistner AJ, Yap GPA, Rosenthal J. Electrochemical, Spectroscopic, and 1O 2 Sensitization Characteristics of Synthetically Accessible Linear Tetrapyrrole Complexes of Palladium and Platinum. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:12703-12711. [PMID: 28991441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis, electrochemistry, and photophysical characterization of a 10,10-dimethyl-5,15-bis(pentafluorophenyl)biladiene (DMBil1) linear tetrapyrrole supporting PdII or PtII centers is presented. Both of these nonmacrocyclic tetrapyrrole platforms are robust and easily prepared via modular routes. X-ray diffraction experiments reveal that the Pd[DMBil1] and Pt[DMBil1] complexes adopt similar structures and incorporate a single PdII and PtII center, respectively. Additionally, electrochemical experiments revealed that both Pd[DMBil1] and Pt[DMBil1] can undergo two discrete oxidation and reduction processes. Spectroscopic experiments carried out for Pd[DMBil1] and Pt[DMBil1] provide further understanding of the electronic structure of these systems. Both complexes strongly absorb light in the UV-visible region, especially in the 350-600 nm range. Both Pd[DMBil1] and Pt[DMBil1] are luminescent under a nitrogen atmosphere. Upon photoexcitation of Pd[DMBil1], two emission bands are observed; fluorescence is detected from ∼500-700 nm and phosphorescence from ∼700-875 nm. Photoexcitation of Pt[DMBil1] leads only to phosphorescence, presumably due to enhanced intersystem crossing imparted by the heavier PtII center. Phosphorescence from both complexes is quenched under air due to energy transfer from the excited triplet state to ground state oxygen. Accordingly, irradiation with light of λ ≥ 500 nm prompts Pd[DMBil1] and Pt[DMBil1] to photosensitize the generation of 1O2 (singlet oxygen) with impressive quantum yields of 80% and 78%, respectively. The synthetic accessibility of these complexes coupled with their ability to efficiently photosensitize 1O2 may make them attractive platforms for development of new agents for photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Potocny
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware , Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Allen J Pistner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware , Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Glenn P A Yap
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware , Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Joel Rosenthal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware , Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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31
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Kong J, Shao J, Li C, Qi D, Li M, Liang X, Zhu W, Jiang J, Xie Y. Neo-N-confused Phlorins and Phlorinone: Rational Synthesis and Tunable Properties. Org Lett 2017; 19:650-653. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b03816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Kong
- Key
Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals,
School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiewei Shao
- Key
Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals,
School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Chengjie Li
- Key
Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals,
School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Dongdong Qi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Minzhi Li
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xu Liang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Weihua Zhu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jianzhuang Jiang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yongshu Xie
- Key
Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals,
School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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32
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Faialaga NH, Ito S, Shinokubo H, Kim Y, Kim K, Shin JY. A synthesis of novel expanded porphyrinoids: NiII-induced nitrile cyclization of dicyanovinylene-bis(meso-aryl)dipyrrin. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:10802-10808. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01838j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
NiII-Metallation of dicyanovinylene-bis(meso-aryl)dipyrrin 1 under refluxed toulene conditions resulted in the formation of a bicyclic pyrrolizine ring to afford two isomeric bisNiII expanded porphyrinoid complexes 2a and 2b, which exhibited typical features of aromatic porphyrinoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan H. Faialaga
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagoya University
- Nagoya 464-8603
- Japan
| | - Satoru Ito
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagoya University
- Nagoya 464-8603
- Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagoya University
- Nagoya 464-8603
- Japan
| | - Younghoon Kim
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity
- Institute for Basic Science
- POSTECH
- Pohang 38673
- Republic of Korea
| | - Kimoon Kim
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity
- Institute for Basic Science
- POSTECH
- Pohang 38673
- Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Shin
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagoya University
- Nagoya 464-8603
- Japan
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33
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Rathi P, Chahal MK, Sankar M. Highly electron deficient tetrabenzoquinone-appended Ni(ii) and Cu(ii) porphyrins: spectral, solvatochromatic, electrochemical redox and tuneable F−and CN−sensing properties. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj01866e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The electron deficient tetrabenzoquinone-appended porphyrins (1and2) were synthesized and utilized for the selective detection of CN−ions in aqueous media whereas they detect F−and CN−ions in nonaqueous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinki Rathi
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Roorkee-247667
- India
| | - Mandeep K. Chahal
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Roorkee-247667
- India
| | - Muniappan Sankar
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Roorkee-247667
- India
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34
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Mukhopadhyay A, Maka VK, Moorthy JN. Fluoride-Triggered Ring-Opening of Photochromic Diarylpyrans into Merocyanine Dyes: Naked-Eye Sensing in Subppm Levels. J Org Chem 2016; 81:7741-50. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vijay Kumar Maka
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
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35
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Hoffmann M, Cordes B, Kleeberg C, Schweyen P, Wolfram B, Bröring M. Template Synthesis of Alkyl‐Substituted Metal Isocorroles. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201600419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hoffmann
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryTU BraunschweigHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Birte Cordes
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryTU BraunschweigHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Christian Kleeberg
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryTU BraunschweigHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Peter Schweyen
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryTU BraunschweigHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Benedikt Wolfram
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryTU BraunschweigHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Martin Bröring
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryTU BraunschweigHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
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36
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Kim D, Chun HJ, Donnelly CC, Geier GR. Two-Step, One-Flask Synthesis of a Meso-Substituted Phlorin. J Org Chem 2016; 81:5021-31. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongjoon Kim
- Colgate University, Department
of Chemistry, 13 Oak Drive, Hamilton, New York 13346, United States
| | - Hao-Jung Chun
- Colgate University, Department
of Chemistry, 13 Oak Drive, Hamilton, New York 13346, United States
| | - Christopher C. Donnelly
- Colgate University, Department
of Chemistry, 13 Oak Drive, Hamilton, New York 13346, United States
| | - G. Richard Geier
- Colgate University, Department
of Chemistry, 13 Oak Drive, Hamilton, New York 13346, United States
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37
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Abstract
Sensing of metal ions and anions is of great importance because of their widespread distribution in environmental systems and biological processes. Colorimetric and fluorescent chemosensors based on organic molecular species have been demonstrated to be effective for the detection of various ions and possess the significant advantages of low cost, high sensitivity, and convenient implementation. Of the available classes of organic molecules, porphyrin analogues possess inherently many advantageous features, making them suitable for the design of ion chemosensors, with the targeted sensing behavior achieved and easily modulated based on their following characteristics: (1) NH moieties properly disposed for binding of anions through cooperative hydrogen-bonding interactions; (2) multiple pyrrolic N atoms or other heteroatoms for selectively chelating metal ions; (3) variability of macrocycle size and peripheral substitution for modulation of ion selectivity and sensitivity; and (4) tunable near-infrared emission and good biocompatibility. In this Review, design strategies, sensing mechanisms, and sensing performance of ion chemosensors based on porphyrin analogues are described by use of extensive examples. Ion chemosensors based on normal porphyrins and linear oligopyrroles are also briefly described. This Review provides valuable information for researchers of related areas and thus may inspire the development of more practical and effective approaches for designing high-performance ion chemosensors based on porphyrin analogues and other relevant compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubin Ding
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University , Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Wei-Hong Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yongshu Xie
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
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38
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Kumar R, Chaudhri N, Sankar M. Ratiometric and colorimetric "naked eye" selective detection of CN(-) ions by electron deficient Ni(II) porphyrins and their reversibility studies. Dalton Trans 2016; 44:9149-57. [PMID: 25901694 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt00937e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Highly electron deficient β-substituted Ni(II) porphyrins (1-5) were synthesized and utilized as novel sensors for selective rapid visual detection of CN(-) ions. This article describes the single crystal X-ray structures, electronic spectral and electrochemical redox properties of these sensors. The ratiometric and colorimetric responses of these porphyrins were monitored by the change in optical absorption spectra. These sensors were found to be highly selective for cyanide ions with extremely high binding constants (10(16)-10(8) M(-2)) through axial ligation of CN(-) ions and are able to detect <0.11 ppm of CN(-) ions. 1-5 were recovered from 1-5·2CN(-) adducts by acid treatment and reused without loss of sensing ability. CN(-) binding strongly perturbs the redox properties of the parent porphyrin π-system. The applicability of 1-5 as practical visible colorimetric test kits for CN(-) ions in aqueous and non-aqueous media has also been explored. The mode of binding was confirmed by single crystal X-ray, spectroscopic studies and DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 2476667, Uttarakhand, India.
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39
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Chahal MK, Sankar M. Switching between porphyrin, porphodimethene and porphyrinogen using cyanide and fluoride ions mimicking volatile molecular memory and the ‘NOR’ logic gate. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:16404-16412. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt02506d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
β-Substituted porphyrins were developed as a quantitatively operating “lab-on-a-molecule” for the detection of F−and CN−ions, by switching between porphyrin, porphodimethene and porphyrinogen along with distinct solution colour changes and reversibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep K. Chahal
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Roorkee 247667
- India
| | - Muniappan Sankar
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Roorkee 247667
- India
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40
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Ahmad S, Yadav KK, Bhattacharya S, Chauhan P, Chauhan SMS. Synthesis of 21,23-selenium- and tellurium-substituted 5-porphomethenes, 5,10-porphodimethenes, 5,15-porphodimethenes, and porphotrimethenes and their interactions with mercury. J Org Chem 2015; 80:3880-90. [PMID: 25803565 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The 3+1 condensation of symmetrical 16-Selena/telluratripyrranes with symmetrical selenophene-2,5-diols/tellurophene-2,5-diols in the presence of BF3-etheratre or BF3-methanol followed by oxidation with DDQ gave 5,10-porphodimethenes, whereas the process with unsymmetrical selenophene-2,5-diols/tellurophene-2,5-diols gave 5-porphomethenes. In addition, the reaction of unsymmetrical 16-Selena/telluratripyrranes with symmetrical selenophene-2,5-diols/tellurophene-2,5-diols gave the corresponding porphotrimethenes, whereas the process with unsymmetrical selenophene-2,5-diols/tellurophene-2,5-diols gave the 5,15-porphodimethenes. The structures of different products were characterized by IR, (1)H and (13)C NMR, (1)H-(1)H COSY, CHN analysis, and mass spectrometry. The binding of mercury with the calix[4]phyrins mentioned above had been observed in the decreasing order of porphodimethenes > porphomethenes > porphotrimethenes by UV-vis and (1)H NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohail Ahmad
- Bioorganic Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Kumar Karitkey Yadav
- Bioorganic Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Soumee Bhattacharya
- Bioorganic Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Prashant Chauhan
- Bioorganic Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - S M S Chauhan
- Bioorganic Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
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41
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Nieto-Pescador J, Abraham B, Pistner AJ, Rosenthal J, Gundlach L. Electronic state dependence of heterogeneous electron transfer: injection from the S1 and S2 state of phlorin into TiO2. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:7914-23. [PMID: 25721314 PMCID: PMC4806798 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp00296f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast time-resolved measurements were performed on a novel pentafluorophenyl substituted 5,5-dimethyl phlorin derivative in solution and when attached to TiO2 colloidal films. The complex excited state dynamics of this porphyrinoid after S1 and S2 excitation was compared at different wavelengths and can be assigned to several subsequent relaxation mechanisms. The difference between excited state dynamics in the free molecule and when attached to an electron accepting electrode was measured. For both cases the dynamics was compared after excitation to the S1 and the S2 state. For the free molecule in solution an intermediate relaxation step was identified and assigned to a buckling motion of the tetrapyrrole ring. On the electrode, heterogeneous electron transfer (HET) times from both states were very similar and around 50 fs. Surprisingly, the large difference in the density of acceptor states that are resonant with the respective donor level of the molecule does not significantly influence HET dynamics. This result indicates that HET proceeds into intermediate transition states that are different from steady state surface states obtained from experiments or computations. The density of states (DOS) of these transient acceptor states appears not to be directly related to the corresponding surface or bulk DOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Nieto-Pescador
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA
| | - Baxter Abraham
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA
| | - Allen J. Pistner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA
| | - Joel Rosenthal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA
| | - Lars Gundlach
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA
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42
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Gan Q, Ronson TK, Vosburg DA, Thoburn JD, Nitschke JR. Cooperative Loading and Release Behavior of a Metal–Organic Receptor. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:1770-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ja5120437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Quan Gan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Tanya K. Ronson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Vosburg
- Department
of Chemistry, Harvey Mudd College, 301 Platt Boulevard, Claremont, California 91711, United States
| | - John D. Thoburn
- Department
of Chemistry, Randolph-Macon College, 204 Henry Street, Ashland, Virginia 23005, United States
| | - Jonathan R. Nitschke
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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43
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Saha I, Yoo J, Lee JH, Hwang H, Lee CH. Unique prototropy of meso-alkylidenyl carbaporphyrinoid possessing one meso-exocyclic double bond. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:16506-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc06871a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The unique prototropy ofmeso-alkylidenyl-thia(m-benzi)porphyrinoid containing one exocyclic double bond at themeso-position is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrajit Saha
- Department of Chemistry
- Kangwon National University
- Chun Cheon 200-701
- Korea
| | - Jaeduk Yoo
- Department of Chemistry
- Kangwon National University
- Chun Cheon 200-701
- Korea
| | - Ji Hye Lee
- Department of Chemistry
- Kangwon National University
- Chun Cheon 200-701
- Korea
| | - Hyonseok Hwang
- Department of Chemistry
- Kangwon National University
- Chun Cheon 200-701
- Korea
| | - Chang-Hee Lee
- Department of Chemistry
- Kangwon National University
- Chun Cheon 200-701
- Korea
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44
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Saha I, Lee JH, Hwang H, Kim TS, Lee CH. Remarkably selective, non-linear allosteric regulation of anion binding by a tetracationic calix[4]pyrrole homodimer. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:5679-82. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc00487j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A covalently coupled, dimeric tetra-cationic calix[4]pyrrole homodimer bearing anthracene linkers displayed distinctive cooperativity and fluoride selectivity with large positive allosterism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrajit Saha
- Department of Chemistry
- Kangwon National University
- Chun Cheon 200-701
- Korea
| | - Ji Hye Lee
- Department of Chemistry
- Kangwon National University
- Chun Cheon 200-701
- Korea
| | - Hyonseok Hwang
- Department of Chemistry
- Kangwon National University
- Chun Cheon 200-701
- Korea
| | - Tae Sun Kim
- Department of Chemistry Hallym University
- Chun Cheon
- 200-701 Korea
| | - Chang-Hee Lee
- Department of Chemistry
- Kangwon National University
- Chun Cheon 200-701
- Korea
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45
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Chaudhri N, Sankar M. Colorimetric “naked eye” detection of CN−, F−, CH3COO−and H2PO4−ions by highly nonplanar electron deficient perhaloporphyrins. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra11368c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly nonplanar electron deficient perhaloporphyrins were utilized for the detection of basic anions such as CN−, F−, CH3COO−and H2PO4−viaanion induced deprotonation. These sensors can be reusable without loss of their sensing ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita Chaudhri
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Roorkee – 247667
- India
| | - Muniappan Sankar
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Roorkee – 247667
- India
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46
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Ishida M, Nakahara K, Sakashita R, Ishizuka T, Watanabe M, Uno H, Osuka A, Furuta H. N-confused phlorin: a stable dihydroporphyrin isomer containing a confused pyrrole ring. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2014. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424614500692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of bona fide N -confused phlorin derivatives through simple chemical reduction of N -confused porphyrin precursors using sodium borohydride, p-toluenesulfonyl hydrazide, etc. is described. Spectroscopic, X-ray diffraction analyses and DFT-assisted calculations of these species support the nonaromatic phlorin electronic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Ishida
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Education Center for Global Leaders in Molecular Systems for Devices and International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kensuke Nakahara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Sakashita
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Education Center for Global Leaders in Molecular Systems for Devices and International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Tomoya Ishizuka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Education Center for Global Leaders in Molecular Systems for Devices and International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Motonori Watanabe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Education Center for Global Leaders in Molecular Systems for Devices and International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hidemitsu Uno
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Material Science, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Furuta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Education Center for Global Leaders in Molecular Systems for Devices and International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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47
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Zhang K, Wei P, Li X, Ågren H, Xie Y. Oxidative Ring Closure and Metal Triggered Ring Opening: Syntheses of Macrocyclic and Linear Hexapyrroles. Org Lett 2014; 16:6354-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol503132r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Key
Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Pingchun Wei
- Key
Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Xin Li
- Department
of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans Ågren
- Department
of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yongshu Xie
- Key
Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
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48
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Solis BH, Maher AG, Honda T, Powers DC, Nocera DG, Hammes-Schiffer S. Theoretical Analysis of Cobalt Hangman Porphyrins: Ligand Dearomatization and Mechanistic Implications for Hydrogen Evolution. ACS Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/cs501454y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian H. Solis
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600
South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Andrew G. Maher
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138-2902, United States
| | - Tatsuhiko Honda
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138-2902, United States
| | - David C. Powers
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138-2902, United States
| | - Daniel G. Nocera
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138-2902, United States
| | - Sharon Hammes-Schiffer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600
South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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49
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Nieto-Pescador J, Abraham B, Gundlach L. Photoinduced Ultrafast Heterogeneous Electron Transfer at Molecule-Semiconductor Interfaces. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:3498-3507. [PMID: 26278600 DOI: 10.1021/jz501541a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This Perspective discusses recent developments in ultrafast electron transfer dynamics at interfaces between organic and inorganic materials. Heterogeneous electron transfer (HET) is a key process in important fields like catalysis and solar energy conversion. Furthermore, the solid state nature of the systems gives control over relevant parameters and allows for investigating excited state dynamics and electron transfer processes in unprecedented detail. Progress in synthesis, sample preparation, and instrumentation makes it possible to provide experimental proof of recent prediction from theory concerning the adiabaticity of the reaction and the influence of coherence. A short recapitulation of the field is followed by a discussion of recent experimental efforts that allowed for studying HET, particularly focusing on the influence of energetics and vibrational dynamics.
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50
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Pistner AJ, Pupillo RC, Yap GPA, Lutterman DA, Ma YZ, Rosenthal J. Electrochemical, spectroscopic, and (1)O2 sensitization characteristics of 10,10-dimethylbiladiene complexes of zinc and copper. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:10639-48. [PMID: 25187099 PMCID: PMC4234430 DOI: 10.1021/jp506412r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
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The synthesis, electrochemistry,
and photophysical characterization
of a 10,10-dimethylbiladiene tetrapyrrole bearing ancillary pentafluorophenyl
groups at the 5- and 15-meso positions (DMBil1) is presented. This nonmacrocyclic tetrapyrrole platform is robust
and can serve as an excellent ligand scaffold for Zn2+ and
Cu2+ centers. X-ray diffraction studies conducted for DMBil1 along with the corresponding Zn[DMBil1] and Cu[DMBil1] complexes show that this ligand scaffold
binds a single metal ion within the tetrapyrrole core. Additionally,
electrochemical experiments revealed that all three of the aforementioned
compounds display an interesting redox chemistry as the DMBil1 framework can be both oxidized and reduced by two electrons. Spectroscopic
and photophysical experiments carried out for DMBil1, Zn[DMBil1], and Cu[DMBil1] provide a basic picture
of the electronic properties of these platforms. All three biladiene
derivatives strongly absorb light in the visible region and are weakly
emissive. The ability of these compounds to sensitize the formation
of 1O2 at wavelengths longer than 500 nm was
probed. Both the free base and Zn2+ 10,10-dimethylbiladiene
architectures show modest efficiencies for 1O2 sensitization. The combination of structural, electrochemical, and
photophysical data detailed herein provides a basis for the design
of additional biladiene constructs for the activation of O2 and other small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen J Pistner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware , Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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