1
|
Geng X, Wang J, Liu Y, Yan W, Xu Z, Chen J, Zhao L. Theoretical Investigation on the Reversible Photoswitch Mechanism of Benzylidene-Oxazolone System. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202400250. [PMID: 38820005 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202400250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
The design and application of molecular photoswitches have attracted much attention. Herein, we performed a detailed computational study on the photoswitch benzylidene-oxazolone system based on static electronic structure calculations and on-the-fly excited-state dynamic simulations. For the Z and E isomer, we located six and four minimum energy conical intersections (MECIs) between the first excited state (S1) and the ground state (S0), respectively. Among them, the relaxation pathway driven by ring-puckering motion is the most competitive channel with the photoisomeization process, leading to the low photoisomerization quantum yield. In the dynamic simulations, about 88 % and 66 % trajectories decay from S1 to S0 for Z and E isomer, respectively, within the total simulation time of ~2 ps. The photoisomeization quantum yields obtained in our study (0.20 for Z→E and 0.12 for E→Z) agree well with the experimental measured values (0.25 and 0.11), even though the number of trajectories is limited to 50. Our study sheds light on the complexity of the benzylidene-oxazolone system 's deactivation process and the competitive mechanisms among different reaction channels, which provides theoretical guidance for further design and development of benzylidene-oxazolone based molecular photoswitches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuehui Geng
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, Shandong, China
| | - Jiangyue Wang
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, Shandong, China
| | - Yuxuan Liu
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, Shandong, China
| | - Wenhui Yan
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, Shandong, China
| | - Zhijie Xu
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, Shandong, China
| | - Junsheng Chen
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, KøbenhavnØ, Denmark
| | - Li Zhao
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Miao Z, Zhou J. Photo-responsive anti-fouling polyzwitterionic brushes: a mesoscopic simulation. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:8076-8086. [PMID: 38973671 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00899e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
The antifouling effects of a toothbrush-shaped photo-responsive polyzwitterionic membrane were studied via dissipative particle dynamics simulations in this work. The results reveal that the membrane modified by spiropyran methacrylate brushes displays photo-switchable and antifouling capability due to the photo-induced ring-opening reaction. Namely, surface morphology and hydrophilicity change in response to visible or UV light irradiation, which can be observed visually by protein adsorption and desorption. Further study indicates that: (1) brush-modification density can influence the structure and properties of the membrane. With low modification density, systems cannot establish an intact selective layer, which hinders the antifouling ability; as the modification density increases, the intact selective layer can be formed, which is conducive to the expression of photo-responsiveness and antifouling capability. (2) Factors of toothbrush-hair length and grafting ratio can influence the establishment of a light-responsive surface: as the grafting ratio and toothbrush-hair length increase, the light-responsive surface is gradually formed, meanwhile, the antifouling ability can be continuously reinforced under UV light irradiation. (3) As the brushes switch into a zwitterionic merocyanine state under UV exposure, the selective layer swelling becomes stronger than that with a hydrophobic spiropyran state under visible exposure. This is owing to the enhanced interaction between zwitterionic brushes and water, which is the root of the antifouling effect. The present work is expected to provide some guidelines for the design and development of novel antifouling membrane surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohong Miao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab for Green Chemical Product Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, P. R. China.
| | - Jian Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab for Green Chemical Product Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Frassi D, Padula G, Granucci G. Photoisomerization of Spiropyran in Solution: A Surface Hopping Investigation. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:5246-5253. [PMID: 38760327 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c00778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
We performed a computational investigation of the photoisomerization of an unsubstituted spiropyran in solution using surface hopping molecular dynamics simulations in a semiempirical framework. To bring out the solvent effects on the excited state dynamics, we have run simulations in three different environments: chloroform, methanol, and ethylene glycol. We show that the interaction with a moderately polar solvent such as chloroform has little effect on the dynamics when compared to vacuum results previously obtained by our group. At variance, the interaction with the protic solvents considered considerably affects the reaction mechanism, the quantum yield, and the excited state lifetimes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dario Frassi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, University of Pisa, via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Padula
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, University of Pisa, via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Granucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, University of Pisa, via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tulyabaev AR, Khuzin AA, Lukmanov TI, Sabirov DS. Is this how bromine spiropyran salt is converted to merocyanine under UV irradiation? A look through the prism of quantum chemical calculations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:10336-10342. [PMID: 38501209 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp06322d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The stability of merocyanine forms formed under UV irradiation of a solution of a spiropyran salt, in which an organic part acts as a cation and a compact bromide ion as an anion, their photophysical properties, and the formation mechanism are studied in this work using time-dependent density functional theory. Theoretical calculations show that TTC and CTT are the most stable open forms (the difference in stability energies is 10.5 and 12.0 kcal mol-1 relative to the formation energy of spiropyran, respectively). The simulated absorption bands in the UV spectrum of the merocyanine forms are observed both in the UV region at 308-366 nm and in the visible region at 544-757 nm due to n → π* and π → π* type transitions. We found that the isomerisation mechanism of spiropyran into merocyanine forms includes two key stages: the ring opening to form cisoid merocyanine forms (except unstable TCC) through conical intersection and their subsequent isomerisation to form stable transoid isomers. The length of the Cspiro-O bond is 1.97 Å and the C1'-C2'-C3'-C4' angle is 70° in the structure close to conical intersection. The stage that determines the rate of this process is the isomerisation between transoid forms, as in the case of transformation of open merocyanine forms into spiropyran.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur R Tulyabaev
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis, Ufa Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 141 Prospekt Oktyabrya, Ufa, Russia.
| | - Artur A Khuzin
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis, Ufa Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 141 Prospekt Oktyabrya, Ufa, Russia.
| | - Timur I Lukmanov
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis, Ufa Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 141 Prospekt Oktyabrya, Ufa, Russia.
| | - Denis Sh Sabirov
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis, Ufa Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 141 Prospekt Oktyabrya, Ufa, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang H, Yang T, Li Y, Yu L, Lei Y, Zhu C. Nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulations for ultrafast photo-induced ring-opening and isomerization reactions of 2,2-diphenyl-2 H-chromene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:31363-31373. [PMID: 37961825 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04132h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulations with a global switching algorithm have been performed at the TD-CAM-B3LYP-D3/def2-SVP level of theory for ultrafast photo-induced ring-opening and isomerization reactions upon S1 excitation for 2,2-diphenyl-2H-chromene (DPC). Both DPC-T and DPC-C conformers undergo ring-opening relaxation and isomerization pathways accompanied with pyran conformation conserved and converted on the S1 or S0 states via competition and cooperation between C-O bond dissociation and pyran inversion motions. Upon S1 excitation, the DPC-T mainly relaxes to the T-type conical intersection region and thus yields a higher ring-opening efficiency with a faster S1 decay and intermediate formation than those of the DPC-C mainly relaxing to C-type conical intersection. The simulated ring-opening quantum yield for DPC-T (DPC-C) is 0.91 (0.76), which is in good agreement with the experimental value of 0.7-0.9, and the thermal weight averaged lifetimes are estimated as 182.0 fs, 228.6 fs, and 1262.4 fs for the excited-state decay, intermediate formation, and ring-opening product, respectively. These time constants are in good agreement with the experimentally measured τ1 time constant of 190-450 fs and τ2 time constant of 1000-1800 fs. The present work could be a valuable reference for understanding the nature of the photorelaxation mechanisms of DPC, and could help to develop DPC-based photoresponsive materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- He Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Physico-Inorganic Chemistry, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710127, P. R. China.
| | - Tianhe Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Physico-Inorganic Chemistry, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710127, P. R. China.
| | - Yuechun Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Physico-Inorganic Chemistry, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710127, P. R. China.
| | - Le Yu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Physico-Inorganic Chemistry, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710127, P. R. China.
| | - Yibo Lei
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Physico-Inorganic Chemistry, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710127, P. R. China.
| | - Chaoyuan Zhu
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Yang Ming Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan.
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 51006, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang D, Sun Y, Wang Z, Liu F, Zhang X. Switchable biomimetic nanochannels for on-demand SO 2 detection by light-controlled photochromism. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1901. [PMID: 37019894 PMCID: PMC10076267 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37654-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In contrast to the conventional passive reaction to analytes, here, we create a proof-of-concept nanochannel system capable of on-demand recognition of the target to achieve an unbiased response. Inspired by light-activatable biological channelrhodopsin-2, photochromic spiropyran/anodic aluminium oxide nanochannel sensors are constructed to realize a light-controlled inert/active-switchable response to SO2 by ionic transport behaviour. We find that light can finely regulate the reactivity of the nanochannels for the on-demand detection of SO2. Pristine spiropyran/anodic aluminium oxide nanochannels are not reactive to SO2. After ultraviolet irradiation of the nanochannels, spiropyran isomerizes to merocyanine with a carbon‒carbon double bond nucleophilic site, which can react with SO2 to generate a new hydrophilic adduct. Benefiting from increasing asymmetric wettability, the proposed device exhibits a robust photoactivated detection performance in SO2 detection in the range from 10 nM to 1 mM achieved by monitoring the rectified current.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Yongjie Sun
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Zhichao Wang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Xuanjun Zhang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, China.
- MOE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kozlenko AS, Ozhogin IV, Pugachev AD, Lukyanova MB, El-Sewify IM, Lukyanov BS. A Modern Look at Spiropyrans: From Single Molecules to Smart Materials. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2023; 381:8. [PMID: 36624333 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-022-00417-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Photochromic compounds of the spiropyran family have two main isomers capable of inter-switching with UV or visible light. In the current review, we discuss recent advances in the synthesis, investigation of properties, and applications of spiropyran derivatives. Spiropyrans of the indoline series are in focus as the most promising representatives of multi-sensitive spirocyclic compounds, which can be switched by a number of external stimuli, including light, temperature, pH, presence of metal ions, and mechanical stress. Particular attention is paid to the structural features of molecules, their influence on photochromic properties, and the reactions taking place during isomerization, as the understanding of the structure-property relationships will rationalize the synthesis of compounds with predetermined characteristics. The main prospects for applications of spiropyrans in such fields as smart material production, molecular electronics and nanomachinery, sensing of environmental and biological molecules, and photopharmacology are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia S Kozlenko
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, Stachki Prosp., 194/2, Rostov-On-Don, 344090, Russia.
| | - Ilya V Ozhogin
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, Stachki Prosp., 194/2, Rostov-On-Don, 344090, Russia
| | - Artem D Pugachev
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, Stachki Prosp., 194/2, Rostov-On-Don, 344090, Russia
| | - Maria B Lukyanova
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, Stachki Prosp., 194/2, Rostov-On-Don, 344090, Russia
| | - Islam M El-Sewify
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, Stachki Prosp., 194/2, Rostov-On-Don, 344090, Russia.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Boris S Lukyanov
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, Stachki Prosp., 194/2, Rostov-On-Don, 344090, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu Y, Chen Y, Guo Y, Wang X, Ding S, Sun X, Wang H, Zhu Y, Jiang L. Photo-controllable Ion-Gated Metal-Organic Framework MIL-53 Sub-nanochannels for Efficient Osmotic Energy Generation. ACS NANO 2022; 16:16343-16352. [PMID: 36226827 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c05498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
By closing and opening ion channels, electric eels are able to convert ion concentration gradients into electricity. Inspired by electric eels, considerable artificial sub-nanoscale ion channels with high ion selectivity and transportation efficiency have been designed for harvesting the osmotic energy between ionic solutions of different salinities, but constructing smart ion-gated sub-nanochannels for effective ion transport is still a huge challenge. Herein, photo-controllable sub-nanochannels of metal-organic framework (MOF) NH2-MIL-53 encapsulated with spiropyrans (SP-MIL-53) were fabricated by a facile in situ growth strategy. Interestingly, the highly ordered sub-nanochannels of SP-MIL-53 were switched on and off to efficiently regulate the ion flux by the light-driven isomerization of SP, which made it a smart ionic gate with a high on-off ratio of 16.2 in 10 mM KCl aqueous solution via UV irradiation. Moreover, the ion-gated sub-nanochannel membrane yielded a high power density of 8.3 W m-2 under a 50-fold KCl concentration gradient in the open state. Density functional theory calculations revealed that K+ ions in SP-MIL-53 sub-nanochannels had a higher mobility constant (3.61 × 10-2) with UV irradiation than without UV illumination (2.33 × 10-22). This work provides an effective way to develop smart ion-gating sub-nanochannels for capturing salinity gradient power.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- You Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing100191, China
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria3800, Australia
| | - Yalan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing100191, China
| | - Yumeng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing100191, China
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria3800, Australia
| | - Xingpu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing100191, China
| | - Shaosong Ding
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing100191, China
| | - Xiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing100191, China
| | - Huanting Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria3800, Australia
| | - Ying Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing100191, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing100191, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing100191, China
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria3800, Australia
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing100191, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
The role of intramolecular interactions on the stability of the conformers of a spiropyran derivative. Chem Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2022.111654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
10
|
Liu JJ, Fu JJ, Shen X, Liu T, Cheng FX. The effect of dicarboxylic acid isomer on the photochromism of naphthalenediimide-based metal-organic frameworks. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
11
|
Spiropyran/Merocyanine Amphiphile in Various Solvents: A Joint Experimental–Theoretical Approach to Photophysical Properties and Self-Assembly. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911535. [PMID: 36232836 PMCID: PMC9569490 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This joint experimental-theoretical work focuses on molecular and photophysical properties of the spiropyran-containing amphiphilic molecule in organic and aqueous solutions. Being dissolved in tested organic solvents, the system demonstrates positive photochromism, i.e., upon UV stimulus the colorless spiropyran form is transformed into colorful merocyanine isomer. However, the aqueous solution of the amphiphile possesses a negative photochromism: the orange-red merocyanine form becomes thermodynamically more stable in water, and both UV and vis stimuli lead to the partial or complete photobleaching of the solution. The explanation of this phenomenon is given on the basis of density functional theory calculations and classical modeling including thermodynamic integration. The simulations reveal that stabilization of merocyanine in water proceeds with the energy of ca. 70 kJ mol−1, and that the Helmholtz free energy of hydration of merocyanine form is 100 kJ mol−1 lower as compared to the behavior of SP isomer in water. The explanation of such a difference lies in the molecular properties of the merocyanine: after ring-opening reaction this molecule transforms into a zwitterionic form, as evidenced by the electrostatic potential plotted around the opened form. The presence of three charged groups on the periphery of a flat conjugated backbone stimulates the self-assembly of merocyanine molecules in water, ending up with the formation of elongated associates with stack-like building blocks, as shown in molecular dynamics simulations of the aqueous solution with the concentration above critical micelle concentration. Our quantitative evaluation of the hydrophilicity switching in spiropyran/merocyanine containing surfactants may prompt the search for new systems, including colloidal and polymeric ones, aiming at remote tuning of their morphology, which could give new promising shapes and patterns for the needs of modern nanotechnology.
Collapse
|
12
|
Senturk B, Akdag A. Amino Acid Conjugated Spiropyrans: Synthesis and Photoisomerization Studies. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bengi Senturk
- Department of Chemistry Middle East Technical University Üniversiteler Mahallesi, Dumlupınar Bulvarı 1/6 D:133 06800 Çankaya-Ankara/ Turkey
| | - Akin Akdag
- Department of Chemistry Middle East Technical University Üniversiteler Mahallesi, Dumlupınar Bulvarı 1/6 D:133 06800 Çankaya-Ankara/ Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Arias JE, Richardson D, Romero EE, Abdelrahim M, Patel PK, Hernandez FE, Chumbimuni-Torres KY. Open-Form Configurational Isomers of a Tricyanofuran-Type Metastable-State Photoacid. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:17538-17543. [PMID: 35664574 PMCID: PMC9161401 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We determine the presence of four open-form configurational isomers for an unsubstituted metastable-state photoacid (mPAH) of the tricyanofuran (TCF) type in solution, at room temperature, via 2D NMR experiments. Electronic structure calculations are carried out to predict the relative stability of the isomers found experimentally and their isomerization barriers. According to the calculated rate constants for isomerization, the molecule can freely interconvert between the open-form isomers, thereby providing a thermal pathway between the isomers that might be better suited to access the cyclized closed-form configuration and those that are not. In establishing the open form isomeric makeup of the TCF mPAH under study, this work establishes the need to consider the four isomers in further studies on the thermal and excited-state isomerization processes and substituent effect thereon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan E. Arias
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - David Richardson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
- Office
of Research, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Eduardo E. Romero
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Mohamed Abdelrahim
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Parth K. Patel
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Florencio E. Hernandez
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
- The
College of Optics and Photonics (CREOL), University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Nunes CM, Pereira NAM, Fausto R. Photochromism of a Spiropyran in Low-Temperature Matrices: Unprecedented Bidirectional Switching between a Merocyanine and an Allene Intermediate. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:2222-2233. [PMID: 35362982 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c01105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Photochromism of spiropyrans has attracted much attention due to its potential in many light-controlled system applications. However, several fundamental aspects regarding the structure, energetics, and mechanistic details of the transformations of spiropyrans are still not well understood. Here, we report the study of the photochromism of a 6-hydroxy-spiropyran (HBPS) under conditions of matrix isolation, where monomers of the compound are frozen in a solidified noble gas (krypton, at 15 K). The structure of the matrix-isolated HBPS was first elucidated by infrared (IR) spectroscopy supported by density functional theory computations. Then, the photochromism of HBPS, from the colorless spiropyran to the colored merocyanine, was induced by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation at 310 nm. The analysis of the IR spectrum of the photoproduced species revealed the exclusive formation of the most stable merocyanine MC-TTC stereoisomer. Subsequent visible-light (550 nm) irradiation of MC-TTC generated a new colorless allenic isomeric species ALN, where the UV irradiation (310 nm) of ALN was found to convert this species back to MC-TTC. This constitutes an unprecedented bidirectional transformation between a colored merocyanine and a colorless allene species. The newly observed photoswitching reaction (or photochromism) occurs along an intramolecular hydrogen bond existing in both merocyanine and allenic species, thus suggesting that it might be generally feasible in the chemistry of spiropyrans. On the other hand, the usual assumption that, as a general rule, merocyanines photochemically revert to spiropyrans is not supported in this work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cláudio M Nunes
- CQC-IMS, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-535, Portugal
| | - Nelson A M Pereira
- CQC-IMS, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-535, Portugal
| | - Rui Fausto
- CQC-IMS, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-535, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Volarić J, Szymanski W, Simeth NA, Feringa BL. Molecular photoswitches in aqueous environments. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:12377-12449. [PMID: 34590636 PMCID: PMC8591629 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00547a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Molecular photoswitches enable dynamic control of processes with high spatiotemporal precision, using light as external stimulus, and hence are ideal tools for different research areas spanning from chemical biology to smart materials. Photoswitches are typically organic molecules that feature extended aromatic systems to make them responsive to (visible) light. However, this renders them inherently lipophilic, while water-solubility is of crucial importance to apply photoswitchable organic molecules in biological systems, like in the rapidly emerging field of photopharmacology. Several strategies for solubilizing organic molecules in water are known, but there are not yet clear rules for applying them to photoswitchable molecules. Importantly, rendering photoswitches water-soluble has a serious impact on both their photophysical and biological properties, which must be taken into consideration when designing new systems. Altogether, these aspects pose considerable challenges for successfully applying molecular photoswitches in aqueous systems, and in particular in biologically relevant media. In this review, we focus on fully water-soluble photoswitches, such as those used in biological environments, in both in vitro and in vivo studies. We discuss the design principles and prospects for water-soluble photoswitches to inspire and enable their future applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Volarić
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Wiktor Szymanski
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nadja A Simeth
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Institute for Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
He J, Zhao H, Wu H, Yang Y, Wang Z, He Z, Jiang G. Achieving enhanced solid-state photochromism and mechanochromism by introducing a rigid steric hindrance group. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:17939-17944. [PMID: 34382052 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02983e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
For photochromic molecules, effective isomerization usually requires conformational freedom, which is usually unavailable under solvent-free conditions. In this work, we report a new method, which can realize the reversible switching of spiropyran molecules by introducing a rigid aromatic ring group and this method can provide the required free volume to transform from a closed-ring to an open-ring form. This new molecule can quickly change color in the solid state under ultraviolet light, and can be erased after being heated at 60 °C for about 5 minutes. Furthermore, this new compound presents mechanochromicity when a mechanical force is applied. What is more, it can be used for at least 30 cycles of print-erase operations without apparent fatigue. This new molecule exhibits improved photochromic and anti-fatigue properties in the solid state, which can promote its application in both ultraviolet printing and anti-counterfeiting materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junzhao He
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wei J, Wu Y, Pu R, Shi L, Jiang J, Du J, Guo Z, Huang Y, Liu W. Tracking Ultrafast Structural Dynamics in a Dual-Emission Anti-Kasha-Active Fluorophore Using Femtosecond Stimulated Raman Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:4466-4473. [PMID: 33955767 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The anti-Kasha process provides the possibility of using high-energy excited states to develop novel applications. Our previous research (Nature communications, 2020, 11, 793) has demonstrated a dual-emission anti-Kasha-active fluorophore for bioimaging application, which exhibits near-infrared emissions from the S1 state and visible anti-Kasha emissions from the S2 state. Here, we applied tunable blue-side femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy (FSRS) and transient absorption spectroscopy, assisted by quantum calculations, to reveal the anti-Kasha dual emission mechanism, in which the emergence of two fluorescing states is due to the retardation of internal conversion from the S2 state to the S1 state. It has been demonstrated that the facts of anti-Kasha high-energy emission are commonly attributed to a large energy gap between the two excited states, leading to a decrease in the internal conversion rate due to a poor Franck-Condon factor. In this study, analysis of the calculation and FSRS experimental results provide us further insight into the dual-emission anti-Kasha mechanism, where the observation of hydrogen out-of-plane Raman modes from FSRS suggested that, in addition to the energy-gap law, the initial photoinduced molecular conformational change plays a key role in influencing the rate of internal conversion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingle Wei
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- STU and SIOM Joint Laboratory for Superintense Lasers and the Applications, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yuexia Wu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- STU and SIOM Joint Laboratory for Superintense Lasers and the Applications, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Ruihua Pu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- STU and SIOM Joint Laboratory for Superintense Lasers and the Applications, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Limin Shi
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiaming Jiang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Juan Du
- STU and SIOM Joint Laboratory for Superintense Lasers and the Applications, Shanghai 201210, China
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Zhiqian Guo
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yifan Huang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Weimin Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- STU and SIOM Joint Laboratory for Superintense Lasers and the Applications, Shanghai 201210, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
|
19
|
New indoline spiropyrans with highly stable merocyanine forms. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2021.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
20
|
Granucci G, Padula G. Photoisomerization dynamics of spiropyran: A surface-hopping investigation. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:124312. [PMID: 33810661 DOI: 10.1063/5.0045691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present work, we performed a computational investigation of the photoisomerization of spiro[1,3-dihydroindole-2,2'-chromene] [spiropyran (SP)] to merocyanine. The electronic energies and wavefunctions were obtained from configuration interaction calculations, using the floating occupation molecular orbital method, in a semiempirical framework. The parameters of the semiempirical Hamiltonian were re-optimized to reproduce ab initio literature data for SP. In our dynamics simulations, we considered, besides S0, the excited states S1, S2, and S3, which are very close in energy in the Franck-Condon region. We obtained a singlet lifetime of 0.67 ps, in line with the experimental results. We found the photoisomerization quantum yield to depend on the electronic state initially populated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Granucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Padula
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Inai N, Yokogawa D, Yanai T. Investigating the Nonradiative Decay Pathway in the Excited State of Silepin Derivatives: A Study with Second-Order Multireference Perturbation Wavefunction Theory. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:559-569. [PMID: 33416309 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c08738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The fluorescence quantum yield for fluorescent organic molecules is an important molecular property, and tuning it up is desired for various applications. For the computational estimation of the fluorescence quantum yield, the theoretical prediction of the nonradiative decay rate constant has become an attractive subject of study. The rate constant of thermally activated nonradiative decay is related to the activation energy in the photoreaction; thus, the accuracy and reliability of the excited-state potential energies in the quantum chemical computation are critical. In this study, we employed a second-order multireference perturbation wavefunction theory for studying the thermally activated decay via conical intersection (CI) of 1,1-dimethyldibenzo[b,f]silepin derivatives. The correlation between the computed activation energy to reach the CI geometry in the S1 state and the experimentally determined fluorescence quantum yield implied that silepins nonradiatively decay via the CI triggered by the twisting of the central C-C bond. Geometry optimization of the transition state using multireference perturbation theory drastically reduced the estimated activation energy. Our computation gave reasonable predictions of the activation free energies of photoexcited 1,1-dimethyldibenzo[b,f]silepin. The energy profiles and geometry optimizations using proper quantum chemical methods played a critical role in reliable estimation of the rate constant and fluorescence quantum yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Inai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yokogawa
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Science, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yanai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan.,Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhang G, Fu C, Zhang H, Zhang H. A multifunctional colorimetric sensor originating from a cadmium naphthalene diimide-based metal–organic framework: photochromism, hydrochromism, and vapochromism. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce00352f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new cadmium metal–organic framework with photocontrolled luminescence properties and multiple chromic properties was synthesized for used as a multifunctional colorimetric sensor and provide a new route to design functional MOFs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoshuai Zhang
- Key Lab of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun 130024
- China
| | - Chen Fu
- Key Lab of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun 130024
- China
| | - Heyi Zhang
- Key Lab of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun 130024
- China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Key Lab of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun 130024
- China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Li J, Liu J, Lu W. Photochromism and hydrochromism of three complexes based on a new viologen 1-(4-carboxybutyl)-4,4′-bipyridinium ligand. Inorganica Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.119921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
24
|
Luo J, Zhou G, Zheng H, Zhan K, Liu B, Zhao L. Tracking of the molecular geometrical changes in the primary event of photoinduced ring-opening reactions of a spiropyran model in gas phase. Mol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2020.1814971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Luo
- Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development (RIPED), PetroChina, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guocui Zhou
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haixia Zheng
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kaiyun Zhan
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bing Liu
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Zhao
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Li J, Liu J, Lu Y. Metal-dependent structure and response of three complexes based on 1-(1-cyclohexylmethane)-4,4′-bipyridinium ligand. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2020.108056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
26
|
Chen HS, Guo RY, Zhang QM, Liu YS. Tunable solid-state photochromism based on proton and anion-controlled structural transformation of pyridinium-based organic small molecules. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-020-02611-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
27
|
Zhang YH, Sun XW, Zhang TS, Liu XY, Cui G. Nonadiabatic Dynamics Simulations on Early-Time Photochemistry of Spirobenzopyran. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:2547-2559. [PMID: 32187492 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Photoinduced ring-opening, decay, and isomerization of spirobenzopyran have been explored by the OM2/MRCI nonadiabatic dynamics simulations based on Tully's fewest-switches surface hopping scheme. The efficient S1 to S0 internal conversion as observed in experiments is attributed to the existence of two efficient excited-state decay pathways. The first one is related to the C-N dissociation, and the second one is done to the C-O dissociation. The C-O dissociation pathway is dominant, and more than 90% trajectories decay to the S0 state via the C-O bond-fission related S1/S0 conical intersections. Near these regions in the S0 state, trajectories can either return to spirobenzopyran or proceed to various intermediates including merocyanine via a series of bond rotations. Our nonadiabatic dynamics simulations also demonstrate that the hydrogen-out-of-plane (HOOP) motion is important for efficient and ultrafast excited-state deactivation. On the other hand, we have also found that the replacement of methyl groups by hydrogen atoms in spirobenzopyran can artificially introduce different intramolecular hydrogen transfers leading to hydrogen-transferred intermediates. This finding is important for the community and demonstrates that such a kind of structural truncation, sometimes, could be problematic, leading to incorrect photodynamics. Our present work provides valuable insights into the photodynamics of spirobenzopyran, which could be helpful for the design of spiropyran-based photochromic materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xin-Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Teng-Shuo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Liu J, Lu Y, Lu W. Metal-dependent photosensitivity of three isostructural 1D CPs based on the 1,1′-bis(3-carboxylatobenzyl)-4,4′-bipyridinium moiety. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:4044-4049. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt00157k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The comparison of the photochromic behaviors of three CPs indicates that metal ions play an important role in regulating their photochromic properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinjian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of Education
- The School of Chemical and Material Science
- Shanxi Normal University
- Linfen 041004
- China
| | - Yiwei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of Education
- The School of Chemical and Material Science
- Shanxi Normal University
- Linfen 041004
- China
| | - Wenbo Lu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of Education
- The School of Chemical and Material Science
- Shanxi Normal University
- Linfen 041004
- China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hoche J, Schulz A, Dietrich LM, Humeniuk A, Stolte M, Schmidt D, Brixner T, Würthner F, Mitric R. The origin of the solvent dependence of fluorescence quantum yields in dipolar merocyanine dyes. Chem Sci 2019; 10:11013-11022. [PMID: 32206253 PMCID: PMC7069518 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05012d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorophores with high quantum yields are desired for a variety of applications. Optimization of promising chromophores requires an understanding of the non-radiative decay channels that compete with the emission of photons. We synthesized a new derivative of the famous laser dye 4-dicyanomethylen-2-methyl-6-p-dimethylaminostyryl-4H-pyran (DCM), i.e., merocyanine 4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-tert-butyl-6-[3-(3-butyl-benzothiazol-2-ylidene)1-propenyl]-4H-pyran (DCBT). We measured fluorescence lifetimes and quantum yields in a variety of solvents and found a trend opposite to the energy gap law. This motivated a theoretical investigation into the possible non-radiative decay channels. We propose that a barrier to a conical intersection exists that is very sensitive to the solvent polarity. The conical intersection is characterized by a twisted geometry which allows a subsequent photoisomerization. Transient absorption measurements confirmed the formation of a photoisomer in unpolar solvents, while the measurements of fluorescence quantum yields at low temperature demonstrated the existence of an activation energy barrier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joscha Hoche
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie , Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany . ;
| | - Alexander Schulz
- Institut für Organische Chemie , Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany .
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry & Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI) , Universität Würzburg , Theodor-Boveri-Weg , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Lysanne Monika Dietrich
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie , Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany . ;
| | - Alexander Humeniuk
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie , Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany . ;
| | - Matthias Stolte
- Institut für Organische Chemie , Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany .
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry & Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI) , Universität Würzburg , Theodor-Boveri-Weg , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - David Schmidt
- Institut für Organische Chemie , Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany .
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry & Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI) , Universität Würzburg , Theodor-Boveri-Weg , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Tobias Brixner
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie , Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany . ;
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry & Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI) , Universität Würzburg , Theodor-Boveri-Weg , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie , Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany .
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry & Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI) , Universität Würzburg , Theodor-Boveri-Weg , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Roland Mitric
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie , Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany . ;
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry & Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI) , Universität Würzburg , Theodor-Boveri-Weg , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Chang XP, Fang YG, Cui G. QM/MM Studies on the Photophysical Mechanism of a Truncated Octocrylene Model. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:8823-8831. [PMID: 31550143 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b07280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Methyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate (MCDPA) shares the same molecular skeleton with octocrylene (OCR) that is one of the most common molecules used in commercially available sunscreens. However, its excited-state relaxation mechanism is unclear. Herein, we have used the QM(CASPT2//CASSCF)/MM method to explore spectroscopic properties, geometric and electronic structures, relevant conical intersections and crossing points, and excited-state relaxation paths of MCDPA in methanol solution. We found that in the Franck-Condon (FC) region, the V(1ππ*) state is energetically lower than the V'(1ππ*) state only by 2.8 kcal/mol and is assigned to experimentally observed maximum absorption band. From these two initially populated singlet states, there exist three nonradiative relaxation paths to repopulate the S0 state. In the first one, when the V(1ππ*) state is populated in the FC region, the system diabatically evolves along the V(1ππ*) state into its minimum where the internal conversion to S0 occurs. In the second one, the V'(1ππ*) state is populated in the FC region and the system adiabatically overcomes a barrier of ca. 3.0 kcal/mol to approach the V(1ππ*) minimum eventually leading to a V(1ππ*)-to-S0 internal conversion. In the third one, the V'(1ππ*) state first hops via the intersystem crossing to the T2 state, which then decays through the internal conversion to the T1 state. The T1 state is finally converted to the S0 state via the T1/S0 crossing point. Our present work contributes to understanding the photophysics of OCR and its variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ping Chang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xinyang Normal University , Xinyang 464000 , P. R. China
| | - Ye-Guang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , P. R. China
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Rai A, Singh AK, Sonkar AK, Tripathi K, Mishra L. An ensemble of Zn 2+ with a rhodamine B-3-allylsalicylaldehyde hydrazone as novel photosensitive material: Photochromism, photopatterning, photoprinting and molecular logic gates. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 216:1-6. [PMID: 30861474 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
An ensemble of Zn2+ with Rhodamine B-3-allylsalicylaldehyde hydrazone (1-Zn2+), has been synthesized and fully characterized using spectroscopic techniques. A solution of 1-Zn2+ in THF, displays color changes from light yellow to pink color in the presence UV light (λ, 405 nm). The process is reversible and owes to keto-enol tautomerism which allows the opening of spirolactam ring of rhodamine in the presence of UV light. It is corroborated by the appearance of a new peak at λmax = 554 nm. The ensemble, 1-Zn2+ embedded in the matrix of silica gel, displays photo patterning phenomena initiated by the conventional light sources including sunlight. It also displays photoprinting property with a laser pen (λ 405 nm) and has been displayed by a videography. The module 1-Zn2+ meets real challenges through a simple synthetic route, fast response, and as a binary data storage system with non-destructive optical identity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Rai
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Alok Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, India
| | - Avinash Kumar Sonkar
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Kamini Tripathi
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Lallan Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Samanta S, Halder S, Manna U, Das G. Specific detection of hypochlorite: a cyanine based turn-on fluorescent sensor. J CHEM SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-019-1612-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
33
|
Avagliano D, Sánchez-Murcia PA, González L. DNA-binding mechanism of spiropyran photoswitches: the role of electrostatics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:8614-8618. [PMID: 30801589 PMCID: PMC6484825 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp07508e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The binding mechanism of the protonated open form of three spiropyran derivatives into a 12-mer (poly-dAT)2 has been unveiled by means of computational methods.
The binding mechanism of the protonated open form of three spiropyran derivatives into a 12-mer (poly-dAT)2 has been unveiled by means of computational methods. It is found that the electrostatic term in the probe:DNA binding energy, modulates the binding mode, providing new guidelines for the design of spiropyran photoswitches with specific binding modes to DNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Avagliano
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 17, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Gonon B, Lasorne B, Karras G, Joubert-Doriol L, Lauvergnat D, Billard F, Lavorel B, Faucher O, Guérin S, Hertz E, Gatti F. A generalized vibronic-coupling Hamiltonian for molecules without symmetry: Application to the photoisomerization of benzopyran. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:124109. [PMID: 30927888 DOI: 10.1063/1.5085059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a model for the lowest two potential energy surfaces (PESs) that describe the photoinduced ring-opening reaction of benzopyran taken as a model compound to study the photochromic ring-opening reaction of indolinobenzospiropyran and its evolution toward its open-chain analog. The PESs are expressed in terms of three effective rectilinear coordinates. One corresponds to the direction between the equilibrium geometry in the electronic ground state, referred to as the Franck-Condon geometry, and the minimum of conical intersection (CI), while the other two span the two-dimensional branching space at the CI. The model correctly reproduces the topography of the PESs. The ab initio calculations are performed with the extended multiconfiguration quasidegenerate perturbation theory at second order method. We demonstrate that accounting for electron dynamic correlation drastically changes the global energy landscape since some zwitterionic states become strongly stabilized. Quantum dynamics calculations using this PES model produce an absorption spectrum that matches the experimental one to a good accuracy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Gonon
- CTMM, Institut Charles Gerhardt UMR CNRS 5253-Université Montpellier, F-34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Benjamin Lasorne
- CTMM, Institut Charles Gerhardt UMR CNRS 5253-Université Montpellier, F-34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Gabriel Karras
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR CNRS 6303-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Loïc Joubert-Doriol
- CTMM, Institut Charles Gerhardt UMR CNRS 5253-Université Montpellier, F-34095 Montpellier, France
| | - David Lauvergnat
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique UMR CNRS 8000-Université Paris-Sud, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Franck Billard
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR CNRS 6303-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Bruno Lavorel
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR CNRS 6303-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Olivier Faucher
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR CNRS 6303-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Stéphane Guérin
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR CNRS 6303-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Edouard Hertz
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR CNRS 6303-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Fabien Gatti
- CTMM, Institut Charles Gerhardt UMR CNRS 5253-Université Montpellier, F-34095 Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Gudem M, Hazra A. Mechanism of the Chemiluminescent Reaction between Nitric Oxide and Ozone. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:715-722. [PMID: 30380861 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b08812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The gas phase reaction of nitric oxide with ozone to give chemiluminescence is used extensively for detection of nitrogen oxides. The molecular mechanism of chemiluminescence in this reaction is not known. So far, the only chemiluminescent systems studied in depth are certain cycloperoxides, which emit light following decomposition. Given our understanding of the mechanism of chemiluminescence in those molecules, one would expect by extension that in the NO + O3 reaction the chemiluminescent species (NO2 in this case) is formed in the excited state through a reaction pathway that diverges from the ground state pathway near the transition state. A systematic search for such a pathway leads us to conclude that such a mechanism is unlikely. Instead, our study suggests that chemiluminescence in the NO + O3 reaction is due to emission from the NO2 vibronic states associated with the ground (X̃ 2A1) and first excited (à 2B2) electronic states, which are populated in the nascent NO2 produced in the reaction. The vibronic coupling between the X̃ 2A1 and à 2B2 states of NO2 is due to a conical intersection (CI), which is geometrically and energetically close to the à 2B2 minimum energy geometry and only 1.3 eV higher than ground state NO2. Further, the CI is 1.2 eV lower than the energy of the NO + O3 reactants and therefore thermodynamically accessible following the reaction. An analysis of the product energy distribution indicates that the major fraction of the reaction energy is channeled into the vibrational modes of NO2, sufficient to populate the vibronic states of NO2 around the X̃/à CI. These vibronic states show dipole-allowed emission in a frequency range that is consistent with the observed broad chemiluminescence spectrum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Gudem
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune , Dr. Homi Bhabha Road , Pune 411008 , Maharashtra , India
| | - Anirban Hazra
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune , Dr. Homi Bhabha Road , Pune 411008 , Maharashtra , India
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Bittmann SF, Dsouza R, Siddiqui KM, Hayes SA, Rossos A, Corthey G, Kochman M, Prokhorenko VI, Murphy RS, Schwoerer H, Miller RJD. Ultrafast ring-opening and solvent-dependent product relaxation of photochromic spironaphthopyran. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:18119-18127. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02950h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Combined experiment and theory shed light on the dominant pathways involved in the photochemical reaction of spiropyran.
Collapse
|
37
|
Patel PK, Arias JE, Gongora RS, Hernandez FE, Moncomble A, Aloïse S, Chumbimuni-Torres KY. Visible light-triggered fluorescence and pH modulation using metastable-state photoacids and BODIPY. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:26804-26808. [PMID: 30124694 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp03977a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Small changes in the pH gradient play a critical role in numerous biological and chemical pathways. Systems capable of monitoring and regulating these changes with high sensitivity and minimum photo-fatigue are in demand. Herein, we propose a visible light-triggered molecular system that allows for reversible regulation of acidity and fluorescence. This robust bi-functional system opens a new horizon towards novel studies that rely on small changes in acid-mediated controlled processes with high sensitivity. The two photosensitive compounds employed, a metastable-state photoacid (mPAH) and a boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) derivative, allow for consistent modulation of both fluorescence (based on the working principle of the inner filter effect) and pH (around a magnitude) over multiple cycles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parth K Patel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816-2366, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zheng K, Zou Q, Yang Y, Mao Y, Zhang J, Cheng J. The Chromogen, Structure, Inspirations, and Applications of a Photo-, pH-, thermal-, Solvent-, and Mechanical-Response Epoxy Resin. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b02772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwen Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers (Beijing University of Chemical Technology), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Zou
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers (Beijing University of Chemical Technology), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yacheng Yang
- School of Economics and Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingzhu Mao
- China Architecture Design & Research Group, Beijing 100044, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers (Beijing University of Chemical Technology), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jue Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers (Beijing University of Chemical Technology), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zhao L, Liu J, Zhou P. The photoinduced isomerization mechanism of the 2-(1-(methylimino)methyl)-6-chlorophenol (SMAC): Nonadiabatic surface hopping dynamics simulations. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:034309. [PMID: 30037240 DOI: 10.1063/1.5034379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The photophysical properties of the Schiff base family are crucial for their applications such as molecular switches and molecular memories. However, it was found that the photophysical behavior is not uniform for all Schiff base molecules, which shows a significant substituent dependent property. In this article, we studied the photoisomerization mechanism of one Schiff base chlorosubstituted derivative 2-(1-(methylimino)methyl)-6-chlorophenol by employing geometrical optimization, energy profiles scanning, and on-the-fly dynamical simulations. Three types of minimum energy conical intersections were located on the S1/S0 crossing seam, with two characterized by twisting motion of the C=N bond and one featured with the excited state intramolecular proton transfer process and then twisting motion around the C=C bond [excited-state intramolecular proton transfer process (ESIPT)-then-twisting]. By a combination of the dynamics simulation results with the energy profiles scanned along with the ESIPT coordinate, it was found that the photophysical property of the targeted molecule is different from that of most Schiff base members, which prefer to decay by a twisting motion around the C=N bridge bond rather than the ESIPT-then-twisting channel. The minor ESIPT channel is probably governed by a tunneling mechanism. The proposed deactivation mechanism can provide a reasonable explanation for the observations in the experiment and would provide fundamental indications for further design of new and efficient photochromic products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhao
- School of Science, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China
| | - Jianyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Panwang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kortekaas L, Chen J, Jacquemin D, Browne WR. Proton-Stabilized Photochemically Reversible E/ Z Isomerization of Spiropyrans. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:6423-6430. [PMID: 29847129 PMCID: PMC6150689 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b03528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Spiropyrans undergo Cspiro-O bond breaking to their ring-open protonated E-merocyanine form upon protonation and irradiation via an intermediate protonated Z-merocyanine isomer. We show that the extent of acid-induced ring opening is controlled by matching both the concentration and strength of the acid used and with strong acids full ring opening to the Z-merocyanine isomer occurs spontaneously allowing its characterization by 1H NMR spectroscopy as well as UV/vis spectroscopy, and reversible switching between Z/ E-isomerization by irradiation with UV and visible light. Under sufficiently acidic conditions, both E- and Z-isomers are thermally stable. Judicious choice of acid such that its p Ka lies between that of the E- and Z-merocyanine forms enables thermally stable switching between spiropyran and E-merocyanine forms and hence pH gating between thermally irreversible and reversible photochromic switching.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Kortekaas
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - J Chen
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - D Jacquemin
- Chimie Et Interdisciplinarité, Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation (CEISAM) , UMR CNRS no. 6230, Université de Nantes , BP 92208, 2, Rue de la Houssinière , 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - W R Browne
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Li S, Han G, Zhang W. Concise Synthesis of Photoresponsive Polyureas Containing Bridged Azobenzenes as Visible-Light-Driven Actuators and Reversible Photopatterning. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shenzhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Guang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Special Functional Waterproof Materials, Beijing Oriental Yuhong Waterproof Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing 100123, China
| | - Wangqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Shi Z, Tu Y, Pu S. An efficient and sensitive chemosensor based on salicylhydrazide for naked-eye and fluorescent detection of Zn 2. RSC Adv 2018; 8:6727-6732. [PMID: 35540416 PMCID: PMC9078340 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra13592k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We reported here the synthesis of a diarylethene with a 2,4-dihydroxybenzoyl hydrazine moiety (1O) for Zn2+ recognition. The compound is easy to prepare with a high yield up to 85%. Compound 1O can act as a highly selective and specific fluorescent sensor for Zn2+ without interference by other common metal ions. The LOD for Zn2+ detection was determined to be 1.28 × 10-6 mol L-1. Meanwhile, 1O can be used as a naked-eye detector for the Zn2+ ion with an obvious color change from colorless to olive. Based on the fluorescent properties of 1O, we constructed a logic circuit with four inputs of the combinational stimuli of UV/vis light and Zn2+/EDTA, and one output of fluorescence intensity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanglin Shi
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University Nanchang Jiangxi 330013 PR China +86-791-83831996 +86-791-83831996
| | - Yayi Tu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University Nanchang Jiangxi 330013 PR China +86-791-83831996 +86-791-83831996
| | - Shouzhi Pu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University Nanchang Jiangxi 330013 PR China +86-791-83831996 +86-791-83831996
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Pomogaev VA, Barachevsky VA, Tuktarov AR, Avramov PV, Artyukhov VY. Inheritance of Photochromic Properties of Nitro-Substituted and Halogenated Spiropyrans Containing the Pyrrolidino[60]fullerene. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:505-515. [PMID: 29257862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b08374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The photophysical and isomerization properties of hybrid molecular compounds that consist of photochromic nitro-substituted and halogenated spiropyran derivatives bonded to the surface of the [60]fullerene cage through the pyrrolidine bridge were investigated using various functionals and basis sets of TD-DFT and semiempirical quantum-chemical approaches. The role of nπ* states formed by the lone pairs of substituents in changing of the electronic structure and photochromic properties of spiropyran derivatives was evaluated. The Sππ(spiropyran) → intermediate nπ* states → Sππ(merocyanine) channel for phototransformation of the hybrid compound containing a nitro-substituted spiropyran moiety was established and compared with similar systems of halogenated spiropyrans attached to the [60]fullerene bulk where photoinduced isomerization does not process due to high probability of internal conversion from the excited electronic state localized on the spiropyran fragment to the states of the pyrrolidino[60]fullerene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir A Pomogaev
- Tomsk State University , 36 Lenin Prospekt, Tomsk 634050, Russian Federation
| | - Valery A Barachevsky
- Photochemistry Center, Federal Science-Study Center (FSSC) "Crystallography and Photonics" of RAS, 7a, bld.1 , Novatorov Str., Moscow 108840, Russian Federation
| | - Airat R Tuktarov
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis of RAS , 141, Prospekt Oktyabrya, Ufa 450075, Russian Federation
| | - Pavel V Avramov
- Department of Chemistry and Green-Nano Materials Research Center, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University 1370 Sankyuk-dong, Buk-gu, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Victor Ya Artyukhov
- Tomsk State University , 36 Lenin Prospekt, Tomsk 634050, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Fu C, Wang HY, Zhang GS, Li L, Sun YN, Fu JW, Zhang H. The influence of the secondary building linker geometry on the photochromism of naphthalenediimide-based metal–organic frameworks. CrystEngComm 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ce00892b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The photochromism of three MOFs based on NDI chromophores is mainly induced by two kinds of non-covalent intermolecular interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Fu
- Institute of Polyoxometalate Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun
- PR China
| | - Hai-Yu Wang
- Institute of Polyoxometalate Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun
- PR China
| | - Guo-Shuai Zhang
- Institute of Polyoxometalate Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun
- PR China
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Polyoxometalate Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun
- PR China
| | - Ya-Nan Sun
- Institute of Polyoxometalate Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun
- PR China
| | - Jia-Wei Fu
- Institute of Polyoxometalate Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun
- PR China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Institute of Polyoxometalate Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun
- PR China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
García JS, Talotta F, Alary F, Dixon IM, Heully JL, Boggio-Pasqua M. A Theoretical Study of the N to O Linkage Photoisomerization Efficiency in a Series of Ruthenium Mononitrosyl Complexes. Molecules 2017; 22:E1667. [PMID: 28984831 PMCID: PMC6151532 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ruthenium nitrosyl complexes are fascinating versatile photoactive molecules that can either undergo NO linkage photoisomerization or NO photorelease. The photochromic response of three ruthenium mononitrosyl complexes, trans-[RuCl(NO)(py)₄]2+, trans-[RuBr(NO)(py)₄]2+, and trans-(Cl,Cl)[RuCl₂(NO)(tpy)]⁺, has been investigated using density functional theory and time-dependent density functional theory. The N to O photoisomerization pathways and absorption properties of the various stable and metastable species have been computed, providing a simple rationalization of the photoconversion trend in this series of complexes. The dramatic decrease of the N to O photoisomerization efficiency going from the first to the last complex is mainly attributed to an increase of the photoproduct absorption at the irradiation wavelength, rather than a change in the photoisomerization pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Sanz García
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, IRSAMC, CNRS et Université Toulouse 3, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France.
- Present address: Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Chimie ParisTech, 11 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - Francesco Talotta
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, IRSAMC, CNRS et Université Toulouse 3, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France.
| | - Fabienne Alary
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, IRSAMC, CNRS et Université Toulouse 3, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France.
| | - Isabelle M Dixon
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, IRSAMC, CNRS et Université Toulouse 3, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France.
| | - Jean-Louis Heully
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, IRSAMC, CNRS et Université Toulouse 3, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France.
| | - Martial Boggio-Pasqua
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, IRSAMC, CNRS et Université Toulouse 3, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ashfold MNR, Bain M, Hansen CS, Ingle RA, Karsili TNV, Marchetti B, Murdock D. Exploring the Dynamics of the Photoinduced Ring-Opening of Heterocyclic Molecules. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:3440-3451. [PMID: 28661140 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Excited states formed by electron promotion to an antibonding σ* orbital are now recognized as key to understanding the photofragmentation dynamics of a broad range of heteroatom containing small molecules: alcohols, thiols, amines, and many of their aromatic analogues. Such excited states may be populated by direct photoexcitation, or indirectly by nonadiabatic transfer of population from some other optically excited state (e.g., a ππ* state). This Perspective explores the extent to which the fast-growing literature pertaining to such (n/π)σ*-state mediated bond fissions can inform and enhance our mechanistic understanding of photoinduced ring-opening in heterocyclic molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael N R Ashfold
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol , Bristol, United Kingdom , BS8 1TS
| | - Matthew Bain
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol , Bristol, United Kingdom , BS8 1TS
| | | | - Rebecca A Ingle
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol , Bristol, United Kingdom , BS8 1TS
| | - Tolga N V Karsili
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol , Bristol, United Kingdom , BS8 1TS
| | - Barbara Marchetti
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol , Bristol, United Kingdom , BS8 1TS
| | - Daniel Murdock
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol , Bristol, United Kingdom , BS8 1TS
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Wang J, Jin B, Wang N, Peng T, Li X, Luo Y, Wang S. Organoboron-Based Photochromic Copolymers for Erasable Writing and Patterning. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Suning Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Queen’s University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7L
3N6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Ashfold MN, Murdock D, Oliver TA. Molecular Photofragmentation Dynamics in the Gas and Condensed Phases. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2017; 68:63-82. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-052516-050756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Exciting a molecule with an ultraviolet photon often leads to bond fission, but the final outcome of the bond cleavage is typically both molecule and phase dependent. The photodissociation of an isolated gas-phase molecule can be viewed as a closed system: Energy and momentum are conserved, and the fragmentation is irreversible. The same is not true in a solution-phase photodissociation process. Solvent interactions may dissipate some of the photoexcitation energy prior to bond fission and will dissipate any excess energy partitioned into the dissociation products. Products that have no analog in the corresponding gas-phase study may arise by, for example, geminate recombination. Here, we illustrate the extent to which dynamical insights from gas-phase studies can inform our understanding of the corresponding solution-phase photochemistry and how, in the specific case of photoinduced ring-opening reactions, solution-phase studies can in some cases reveal dynamical insights more clearly than the corresponding gas-phase study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Murdock
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas A.A. Oliver
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Li Y, Liu F, Wang B, Su Q, Wang W, Morokuma K. Different conical intersections control nonadiabatic photochemistry of fluorene light-driven molecular rotary motor: A CASSCF and spin-flip DFT study. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:244311. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4972825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanying Li
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710062, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengyi Liu
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710062, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Wang
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710062, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Su
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710062, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenliang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710062, People’s Republic of China
| | - Keiji Morokuma
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Theoretical modeling of electrocyclic 2H-pyran and 2H-1,4-oxazine ring opening reactions in photo- and thermochromic spiropyrans and spirooxazines. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-016-1956-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|