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Liang J, Zhang X, Liu TQ, Gao XD, Liang WB, Qi W, Qian LJ, Li Z, Chen XM. Macroscopic Heterostructure Membrane of Graphene Oxide/Porous Graphene/Graphene Oxide for Selective Separation of Deuterium Water from Natural Water. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2206524. [PMID: 36127132 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202206524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Deuterium water (D2 O) is a strategic material that is widely used in and scientific research and has applications in fields such as nuclear energy generation. However, its content in natural water is extremely low. Therefore, the development of a room-temperature technology for achieving simple, efficient, and low-cost separation of D2 O from natural water is challenging. In this study, porous graphene (PG) nanosheets with "crater-like" pores are sandwiched between two layers of graphene oxide (GO) membranes to prepare a GO/PG/GO membrane with a macroscopic heterostructure, which can be used to separate D2 O and H2 O by pressure-driven filtration. At 25 °C, the rejection rate of D2 O is ≈97%, the selectivity of H2 O/D2 O is ≈35.2, and the excellent performance can be attributed to the difference of transmembrane resistance and flow state of H2 O and D2 O in the confinement state. In addition, the D2 O concentration in natural water is successfully enriched from 0.013% to 0.059% using only one stage, and the membrane exhibits excellent structural and cycling stability. Therefore, this method does not require ultralow temperatures, high energy supplies, complex separation equipment, or the introduction of toxic chemicals. Thus, it can be directly applied to the large-scale industrial production and removal of D2 O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liang
- Frontiers Science Center for Rare Isotopes, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Institute of National Nuclear Industry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Rare Isotopes, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Institute of National Nuclear Industry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Tian-Qi Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Rare Isotopes, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Institute of National Nuclear Industry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xu-Dong Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Wen-Bin Liang
- Frontiers Science Center for Rare Isotopes, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Institute of National Nuclear Industry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Wei Qi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Li-Juan Qian
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhan Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Rare Isotopes, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Institute of National Nuclear Industry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xi-Meng Chen
- Frontiers Science Center for Rare Isotopes, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Institute of National Nuclear Industry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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2
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Drummer MC, Weerasooriya RB, Gupta N, Askins EJ, Liu X, Valentine AJS, Li X, Glusac KD. Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer in a Ruthenium(II) Bipyrimidine Complex in Its Ground and Excited Electronic States. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:4349-4358. [PMID: 35766591 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c02255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) was studied for the ground and excited electronic states of a [Ru(terpy)(bpm)(OH2)(PF6)2] complex, Ru-bpm. Cyclic voltammetry measurements show that the Ru(II)-aqua moiety undergoes PCET to form a Ru(IV)-oxo moiety in the anodic region, while the bpm ligand undergoes PCET to form bpmH2 in the cathodic region. The photophysical behavior of Ru-bpm was studied using steady-state and femtosecond transient UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, coupled with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The lowest-lying excited state of Ru-bpm is described as a (Ru → bpm) metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) state, while the metal-centered (MC) excited state was found computationally to be close in energy to the lowest-energy bright MLCT state (MC state was 0.16 eV above the MLCT state). The excited-state kinetics of Ru-bpm were found via transient absorption spectroscopy to be short-lived and were fit well to a biexponential function with lifetimes τ1 = 4 ps and τ2 = 65 ps in aqueous solution. Kinetic isotope effects of 1.75 (τ1) and 1.61 (τ2) were observed for both decay components, indicating that the solvent plays an important role in the excited-state dynamics of Ru-bpm. Based on the pH-dependent studies and the results from prior studies of similar Ru-complexes, we hypothesize that the 3MLCT state forms an excited-state hydrogen-bond adduct with the solvent molecules and that this process occurs with a 4 ps lifetime. The formation of such a hydrogen-bond complex is consistent with the electronic density accumulation at the peripheral N atoms of the bpm moiety in the 3MLCT state. The hydrogen-bonded state 3MLCT decays to the ground state with a 65 ps lifetime. Such a short lifetime is likely associated with the efficient vibrational energy transfer from the 3MLCT state to the solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Drummer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States.,Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Ravindra B Weerasooriya
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States.,Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Nikita Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States.,Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Erik J Askins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States.,Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Andrew J S Valentine
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Xiaosong Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Ksenija D Glusac
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States.,Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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3
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Yang C, Guo F, Zhang Y, Zhong X, Feng J, Wang N, Wang J. Luminescence Change from Orange to Blue for Zero-Dimensional Cs 2 InCl 5 (H 2 O) Metal Halides in Water and a New Post-doping Method. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:1619-1625. [PMID: 33932257 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Zero-dimensional metal halides have attracted much attention due to their attractive photoelectric properties. Here, we propose a new strategy of synthesizing metal halides crystals by recrystallization in water. The as-synthesized Cs2 InCl5 (H2 O)-orange crystals are dissolved and recrystallized in water (Cs2 InCl5 (H2 O)-blue), with its photoluminescence (PL) changing from orange to blue, both of which are derived from self-trapping excitons (STEs). The time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) spectrum of Cs2 InCl5 (H2 O)-blue shows that it has an ultralong lifetime up to milliseconds (τ=52.98 ms), which is expected to be applied in biological sensors. The photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) increases from 2.25% to 11.61% in the self-assembly process. By using a post-doping method, the PL of crystals turns into red when we introduce Mn2+ as dopant while there is no obvious change upon using a traditional solvent-thermal method. Recrystallization in water and post-doping provide a new perspective for the synthesis and doping of metal halides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Yang
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Fengwan Guo
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Ferro & Piezoelectric Materials and Devices, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Xinxin Zhong
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Jing Feng
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Nan Wang
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Juan Wang
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
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4
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Bifurcation of excited state trajectories toward energy transfer or electron transfer directed by wave function symmetry. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2018521118. [PMID: 33468650 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2018521118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This work explores the concept that differential wave function overlap between excited states can be engineered within a molecular chromophore. The aim is to control excited state wave function symmetries, so that symmetry matches or mismatches result in differential orbital overlap and define low-energy trajectories or kinetic barriers within the excited state surface, that drive excited state population toward different reaction pathways. Two donor-acceptor assemblies were explored, where visible light absorption prepares excited states of different wave function symmetry. These states could be resolved using transient absorption spectroscopy, thanks to wave function symmetry-specific photoinduced optical transitions. One of these excited states undergoes energy transfer to the acceptor, while another undertakes a back-electron transfer to restate the ground state. This differential behavior is possible thanks to the presence of kinetic barriers that prevent excited state equilibration. This strategy can be exploited to avoid energy dissipation in energy conversion or photoredox catalytic schemes.
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5
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Aramburu-Trošelj BM, Ramírez-Wierzbicki I, Scarcasale F, Oviedo PS, Baraldo LM, Cadranel A. Wave-Function Symmetry Control of Electron-Transfer Pathways within a Charge-Transfer Chromophore. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:8399-8405. [PMID: 32924492 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite a diverse manifold of excited states available, it is generally accepted that the photoinduced reactivity of charge-transfer chromophores involves only the lowest-energy excited state. Shining a visible-light laser pulse on an aqueous solution of the chromophore-quencher [Ru(tpy)(bpy)(μNC)OsIII(CN)5]- assembly (tpy = 2,2';6,2''-terpyridine and bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine), we prepared a mixture of two charge-transfer excited states with different wave-function symmetry. We were able to follow, in real time, how these states undergo separate electron-transfer reaction pathways. As a consequence, their lifetimes differ in 3 orders of magnitude. Implicit are energy barriers high enough to prevent internal conversion within early excited-state populations, shaping isolated electron-transfer channels in the excited-state potential energy surface. This is relevant not only for supramolecular donor/acceptor chemistry with restricted donor/acceptor relative orientations. These energy barriers provide a means to avoid chemical potential dissipation upon light absorption in any molecular energy conversion scheme, and our observations invite to explore wave-function symmetry-based strategies to engineer these barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno M Aramburu-Trošelj
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química-Física de Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE), Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ivana Ramírez-Wierzbicki
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química-Física de Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE), Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Franco Scarcasale
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química-Física de Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE), Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paola S Oviedo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química-Física de Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE), Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luis M Baraldo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química-Física de Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE), Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Cadranel
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química-Física de Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE), Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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6
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7
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Nastasi F, Santoro A, Serroni S, Campagna S, Kaveevivitchai N, Thummel RP. Early photophysical events of a ruthenium(ii) molecular dyad capable of performing photochemical water oxidation and of its model compounds. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:2164-2173. [PMID: 30793142 DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00530c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The early photophysical events occurring in the dinuclear metal complex [(ttb-terpy)(I)Ru(μ-dntpz)Ru(bpy)2]3+ (2; ttb-terpy = 4,4',4''-tri-tert-butyl-terpy; bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine; dntpz = 2,5-di-(1,8-dinaphthyrid-2-yl)pyrazine) - a species containing the chromophoric {(bpy)2Ru(μ-dntpz)}2+ subunit and the catalytic {(I)(ttb-terpy)Ru(μ-dntpz)}+ unit, already reported to be able to perform photocatalytic water oxidation - have been studied by ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy in acetonitrile solution. The model species [Ru(bpy)2(dntpz)]2+ (1), [(bpy)2Ru(μ-dntpz)Ru(bpy)2]4+ (3), and [(ttb-terpy)(I)Ru((μ-dntpz)Ru[(ttb-terpy)(I)]2+ (4) have also been studied. For completeness, the absorption spectra, redox behavior of 1-4 and the spectroelectrochemistry of the dinuclear species 2-4 have been investigated. The usual 3MLCT (metal-to-ligand charge transfer) decay, characterized by relatively long lifetimes on the ns timescale, takes place in 1 and 3, whose lowest-energy level involves a {(bpy)2Ru(dntpz)}2+ unit, whereas for 2 and 4, whose lowest-energy excited state involves a 3MLCT centered on the {(I)(ttb-terpy)Ru(μ-dntpz)}+ subunit, the excited-state lifetimes are on the ps timescale, possibly involving population of a low-lying 3MC (metal-centered) level. Compound 2 also exhibits a fast process, with a time constant of 170 fs, which is attributed to intercomponent energy transfer from the MLCT state centered in the {(bpy)2Ru(μ-dntpz)}2+ unit to the MLCT state involving the {(I)(ttb-terpy)Ru(μ-dntpz)}+ unit. Both the intercomponent energy transfer and the MLCT-to-MC activation process take place from non-equilibrated MLCT states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Nastasi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, and Centro Interuniversitario per la Conversione Chimica dell'Energia Solare (SOLARCHEM, sezione di Messina), 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Santoro
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, and Centro Interuniversitario per la Conversione Chimica dell'Energia Solare (SOLARCHEM, sezione di Messina), 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Scolastica Serroni
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, and Centro Interuniversitario per la Conversione Chimica dell'Energia Solare (SOLARCHEM, sezione di Messina), 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Campagna
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, and Centro Interuniversitario per la Conversione Chimica dell'Energia Solare (SOLARCHEM, sezione di Messina), 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Nattawut Kaveevivitchai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 112 Fleming Building, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, USA
| | - Randolph P Thummel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 112 Fleming Building, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, USA
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8
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Jiang Y, Geng H, Li W, Shuai Z. Understanding Carrier Transport in Organic Semiconductors: Computation of Charge Mobility Considering Quantum Nuclear Tunneling and Delocalization Effects. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:1477-1491. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b00779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqian Jiang
- Laboratory for Nanosystem and Hierarchy Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Geng
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weitang Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Organic OptoElectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Shuai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Organic OptoElectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
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9
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Cadranel A, Oviedo PS, Pieslinger GE, Yamazaki S, Kleiman VD, Baraldo LM, Guldi DM. Trapping intermediate MLCT states in low-symmetry {Ru(bpy)} complexes. Chem Sci 2017; 8:7434-7442. [PMID: 29163895 PMCID: PMC5674176 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc02670f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The picosecond excited state dynamics of [Ru(tpm)(bpy)(NCS)]+ (RubNCS+ ) and [Ru(tpm)(bpy)(CN)]+ (RubCN+ ) (tpm = tris(1-pyrazolyl)methane, bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) have been analyzed by means of transient absorption measurements and spectroelectrochemistry. Emissive 3MLCTs with (GS)HOMO(h+)-(GS)LUMO(e-) configurations are the lowest triplet excited states regardless of whether 387 or 505 nm photoexcitation is used. 387 nm photoexcitation yields, after a few picoseconds, the emissive 3MLCTs. In contrast, 505 nm photoexcitation populates an intermediate excited state that we assign as a 3MLCT state, in which the hole sits in a metal-centered orbital of different symmetry, prior to its conversion to the emissive 3MLCTs. The disparities in terms of electronic configuration between the intermediate and the emissive 3MLCTs have two important consequences. On one hand, both states feature very different fingerprint absorptions in transient absorption measurements. On the other hand, the reconfiguration is impeded by a kinetic barrier. As such, the conversion is followed spectroscopically and kinetically on the 300 ps timescale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Cadranel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Egerlandstr. 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany . ;
| | - Paola S Oviedo
- Departamento de Química Analítica , Inorgánica y Química Física , INQUIMAE , Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales , Universidad de Buenos Aires , Ciudad Universitaria , Pabellón 2 , C1428EHA , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - German E Pieslinger
- Departamento de Química Analítica , Inorgánica y Química Física , INQUIMAE , Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales , Universidad de Buenos Aires , Ciudad Universitaria , Pabellón 2 , C1428EHA , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Shiori Yamazaki
- Department of Chemistry , University of Florida , PO BOX 117200 , Gainesville , FL 32611-7200 , USA
| | - Valeria D Kleiman
- Department of Chemistry , University of Florida , PO BOX 117200 , Gainesville , FL 32611-7200 , USA
| | - Luis M Baraldo
- Departamento de Química Analítica , Inorgánica y Química Física , INQUIMAE , Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales , Universidad de Buenos Aires , Ciudad Universitaria , Pabellón 2 , C1428EHA , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Egerlandstr. 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany . ;
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10
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Caraballo RM, Rosi P, Hodak JH, Baraldo LM. Photosubstitution of Monodentate Ligands from RuII-Dicarboxybipyridine Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201700439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rolando M. Caraballo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Departamento de Química Inorgánica; Analítica y Química Física; Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires Argentina
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires; Instituto de Química-Física de Materiales; Ambientes y Energía (INQUIMAE); Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Pablo Rosi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Departamento de Química Inorgánica; Analítica y Química Física; Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - José H. Hodak
- Universidad de Buenos Aires; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Departamento de Química Inorgánica; Analítica y Química Física; Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires Argentina
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires; Instituto de Química-Física de Materiales; Ambientes y Energía (INQUIMAE); Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Luis M. Baraldo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Departamento de Química Inorgánica; Analítica y Química Física; Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires Argentina
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires; Instituto de Química-Física de Materiales; Ambientes y Energía (INQUIMAE); Buenos Aires Argentina
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11
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Garner RN, Pierce CG, Reed CR, Brennessel WW. Photoinitiated treatment of Mycobacterium using Ru(II) isoniazid complexes. Inorganica Chim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2017.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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12
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Hirahara M, Yagi M. Photoisomerization of ruthenium(ii) aquo complexes: mechanistic insights and application development. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:3787-3799. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt00079k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The perspective article highlights a new strategic synthesis of dinuclear ruthenium(ii) complexes acting as active water oxidation catalysts and also reports the development of unique visible-light-responsive giant vesicles, both of which are achieved based on photoisomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanari Hirahara
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- National Defense Academy of Japan
- Kanagawa 239-8686
- Japan
| | - Masayuki Yagi
- Department of Materials Science and Technology
- Faculty of Engineering
- Niigata University
- Niigata 950-2181
- Japan
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13
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Xu S, Smith JET, Weber JM. Hydration of a Binding Site with Restricted Solvent Access: Solvatochromic Shift of the Electronic Spectrum of a Ruthenium Polypyridine Complex, One Molecule at a Time. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:7650-7658. [PMID: 27627894 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b07668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report the electronic spectra of mass selected [(bpy)(tpy)Ru-OH2]2+·(H2O)n clusters (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, tpy =2,2':6'2″-terpyridine, n = 0-4) in the spectral region of their metal-to-ligand charge transfer bands. The spectra of the mono- and dihydrate clusters exhibit partially resolved individual electronic transitions. The water network forming at the aqua ligand leads to a rapid solvatochromic shift of the peak of the band envelope: addition of only four solvent water molecules can recover 78% of the solvatochromic shift in bulk solution. The sequential shift of the band shows a clear change in behavior with the closing of the first hydration shell. We compare our experimental data to density function theory (DFT) calculations for the ground and excited states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Xu
- JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado , 440 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, United States
| | - James E T Smith
- JILA and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado , 440 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, United States
| | - J Mathias Weber
- JILA and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado , 440 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, United States
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14
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Li H, Zhang L, Zheng L, Li X, Fan X, Zhao Y. Photoisomerization Mechanism of Ruthenium Sulfoxide Complexes: Role of the Metal-Centered Excited State in the Bond Rupture and Bond Construction Processes. Chemistry 2016; 22:14285-92. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Li
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Gannan Normal University; Ganzhou 341000 P. R. China
| | - Lisheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Gannan Normal University; Ganzhou 341000 P. R. China
| | - lvyin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Gannan Normal University; Ganzhou 341000 P. R. China
| | - Xun Li
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Gannan Normal University; Ganzhou 341000 P. R. China
| | - Xiaolin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Gannan Normal University; Ganzhou 341000 P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
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15
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Xu S, Smith JET, Weber JM. Ligand Influence on the Electronic Spectra of Dicationic Ruthenium-Bipyridine-Terpyridine Complexes. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:2350-6. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b02926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Xu
- JILA
and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, United States
| | - James E. T. Smith
- JILA
and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, United States
| | - J. Mathias Weber
- JILA
and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, United States
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16
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Shen GB, Xia K, Li XT, Li JL, Fu YH, Yuan L, Zhu XQ. Prediction of Kinetic Isotope Effects for Various Hydride Transfer Reactions Using a New Kinetic Model. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:1779-99. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b10135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Bin Shen
- Department of Chemistry, The State Key Laboratory
of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and the ‡Collaborative Innovation Center
of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ke Xia
- Department of Chemistry, The State Key Laboratory
of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and the ‡Collaborative Innovation Center
of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiu-Tao Li
- Department of Chemistry, The State Key Laboratory
of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and the ‡Collaborative Innovation Center
of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jun-Ling Li
- Department of Chemistry, The State Key Laboratory
of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and the ‡Collaborative Innovation Center
of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yan-Hua Fu
- Department of Chemistry, The State Key Laboratory
of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and the ‡Collaborative Innovation Center
of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Lin Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, The State Key Laboratory
of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and the ‡Collaborative Innovation Center
of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, The State Key Laboratory
of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and the ‡Collaborative Innovation Center
of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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17
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Takahashi K, Zhang X, Hirahara M, Sato T, Saito K, Yui T, Yagi M. Influence of chloro substituent on photoisomerization, redox reactions and water oxidation catalysis of mononuclear ruthenium complexes. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2015.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Xu S, Weber JM. Absorption Spectrum of a Ru(II)-Aquo Complex in Vacuo: Resolving Individual Charge-Transfer Transitions. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:11509-13. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b10488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Xu
- JILA, University of Colorado, 440 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Department
of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - J. Mathias Weber
- JILA, University of Colorado, 440 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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19
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Duffy EM, Marsh BM, Garand E. Probing the Hydrogen-Bonded Water Network at the Active Site of a Water Oxidation Catalyst: [Ru(bpy)(tpy)(H2O)]2+·(H2O)0–4. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:6326-32. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b04778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erin M. Duffy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Brett M. Marsh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Etienne Garand
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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20
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Kong M, Liu Y, Wang H, Luo J, Li D, Zhang S, Li S, Wu J, Tian Y. Synthesis, spectral and third-order nonlinear optical properties of terpyridine Zn(II) complexes based on carbazole derivative with polyether group. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 135:521-528. [PMID: 25123941 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Four novel Zn(II) terpyridine complexes (ZnLCl2, ZnLBr2, ZnLI2, ZnL(SCN)2) based on carbazole derivative group were designed, synthesized and fully characterized. Their photophysical properties including absorption and one-photon excited fluorescence, two-photon absorption (TPA) and optical power limiting (OPL) were further investigated systematically and interpreted on the basis of theoretical calculations (TD-DFT). The influences of different solvents on the absorption and One-Photon Excited Fluorescence (OPEF) spectral behavior, quantum yields and the lifetime of the chromophores have been investigated in detail. The third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties were investigated by open/closed aperture Z-scan measurements using femtosecond pulse laser in the range from 680 to 1080 nm. These results revealed that ZnLCl2 and ZnLBr2 exhibited strong two-photon absorption and ZnLCl2 showed superior optical power limiting property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Kong
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei 230039, PR China
| | - Yanqiu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei 230039, PR China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei 230039, PR China
| | - Junshan Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei 230039, PR China
| | - Dandan Li
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei 230039, PR China
| | - Shengyi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei 230039, PR China
| | - Shengli Li
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei 230039, PR China
| | - Jieying Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei 230039, PR China.
| | - Yupeng Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei 230039, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China.
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21
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Kowacs T, Pan Q, Lang P, O'Reilly L, Rau S, Browne WR, Pryce MT, Huijser A, Vos JG. Supramolecular bimetallic assemblies for photocatalytic hydrogen generation from water. Faraday Discuss 2015; 185:143-70. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fd00068h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of supramolecular assemblies of the type [Ru(L-L)2(L′-L)MX2)]n+ are reported where L-L is 2,2′-bipyridine (bipy), 4,4′-di-tetra-butyl-bipyridine (tbbipy) or 4,4′-diethoxycarbonyl-2,2′-bipyridine (dceb), L-L′ is tetrapyrido[3,2-a:2′,3′-c:3′′,2′′-h:2′′′,3′′′-j]phenazine (tpphz), 2,2′:5′,2′′-terpyridine (2,5-bpp), 2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine, (2,6-bpp), 2,5-di(pyridine-2-yl)pyrazine (2,5-dpp) or 2,3-di(pyridine-2-yl)pyrazine (2,3-dpp), and MX2 is PdCl2, PtCl2 or PtI2. The photocatalytic behaviour with respect to hydrogen generation of these compounds and their ultrafast photophysical properties are discussed as a function of the nature of the peripheral ligands, the bridging ligands and the catalytic centre. The results obtained show how differences in the chemical composition of the photocatalysts can affect intramolecular photoinduced electron transfer processes and the overall photocatalytic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Kowacs
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie I
- Universität Ulm
- 89081 Ulm
- Germany
| | - Qing Pan
- Optical Sciences group
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology
- University of Twente
- Enschede
- The Netherlands
| | - Philipp Lang
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie I
- Universität Ulm
- 89081 Ulm
- Germany
| | - Laura O'Reilly
- SRC for Solar Energy Conversion
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Dublin City University
- Dublin 9
- Ireland
| | - Sven Rau
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie I
- Universität Ulm
- 89081 Ulm
- Germany
| | - Wesley R. Browne
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences
- University of Groningen
- Groningen
- The Netherlands
| | - Mary T. Pryce
- SRC for Solar Energy Conversion
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Dublin City University
- Dublin 9
- Ireland
| | - Annemarie Huijser
- Optical Sciences group
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology
- University of Twente
- Enschede
- The Netherlands
| | - Johannes G. Vos
- SRC for Solar Energy Conversion
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Dublin City University
- Dublin 9
- Ireland
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22
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Sun Q, Mosquera-Vazquez S, Suffren Y, Hankache J, Amstutz N, Lawson Daku LM, Vauthey E, Hauser A. On the role of ligand-field states for the photophysical properties of ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes. Coord Chem Rev 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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23
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Li H, Zhang L, Wang Y, Fan X. Theoretical studies on the photoisomerization mechanism of osmium(ii) sulfoxide complexes. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra06723e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Role of 3LF state in the photoisomerization mechanism of photochromic osmium sulfoxide complex, [Os(bpy)2(DMSO)2]2+, is examined theoretically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Li
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Gannan Normal University
- Ganzhou 341000
- P. R. China
| | - Lisheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Gannan Normal University
- Ganzhou 341000
- P. R. China
| | - Yanfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Gannan Normal University
- Ganzhou 341000
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaolin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Gannan Normal University
- Ganzhou 341000
- P. R. China
- Material and Chemical Engineering Department
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24
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Spettel KE, Damrauer NH. Synthesis, electrochemical characterization, and photophysical studies of structurally tuned aryl-substituted terpyridyl ruthenium(II) complexes. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:10649-62. [PMID: 25182073 DOI: 10.1021/jp508145w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis, electrochemical potentials, static emission, and temperature-dependent excited-state lifetimes of several 4'-aryl-substituted terpyridyl complexes of ruthenium(II) are reported. Synthetic tuning is explored within three conceptual series of complexes. The first series explores the impact of introducing a strong σ-donating 4,4',4″-tri-tert-butyl-2,2':6',2″-terpyridine (tbtpy) opposite to an arylated terpyridine ligand 4'-(4-methylphenyl)-2,2':6',2″-terpyridine (ttpy). It is found that (3)MLCT (triplet metal-to-ligand charge-transfer state) stabilization concomitant with (3)MC (triplet metal-centered state) destabilization in the heteroleptic parent complex [Ru(ttpy)(tbtpy)](2+) leads to an extended excited-state lifetime relative to the structurally related bis-homoleptic species [Ru(ttpy)2](2+). The second series explores the impact of introducing a carboxylic acid or a methyl ester moiety at the para-position of the arylterpyridyl ligand (R1 = R2 = H) within heteroleptic complexes as a platform for future semiconductor attachment studies. This substitution leads to further lifetime enhancements, understood as arising from (3)MLCT stabilization. Such complexes are referred to as [Ru(1)(tbtpy)](2+) (for the acid at R3) and [Ru(1')(tbtpy)](2+) (for the ester at R3). In the final series, methyl substituents are sequentially added at the R1 and R2 positions for both the acid ([Ru(2)(tbtpy)](2+) and [Ru(3)(tbtpy)](2+)) and ester ([Ru(2')(tbtpy)](2+) and [Ru(3')(tbtpy)](2+)) analogues to eventually explore dynamical electron transfer coupling at dye/semiconductor interfaces. In these complexes, sequential addition of steric bulk decreases excited state lifetimes. This can be understood to arise primarily from the increase of the (3)MLCT level, as excited-state electron delocalization is limited by inter-ring twisting in the lower-energy arylated ligand. The introduction of a dimethylated sterically encumbered ligand lead to a notable 14-fold increase in knr from [Ru(1')(tbtpy)](2+) to [Ru(3')(tbtpy)](2+) (or [Ru(1)(tbtpy)](2+) to [Ru(3)(tbtpy)](2+)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen E Spettel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado-Boulder , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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25
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Jiang Y, Geng H, Shi W, Peng Q, Zheng X, Shuai Z. Theoretical Prediction of Isotope Effects on Charge Transport in Organic Semiconductors. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:2267-2273. [PMID: 26279545 DOI: 10.1021/jz500825q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We suggest that the nuclear tunneling effect is important in organic semiconductors, which we showed is absent in both the widely employed Marcus theory and the band-like transport as described by the deformation potential theory. Because the quantum nuclear tunneling tends to favor electron transfer while heavier nuclei decrease the quantum effect, there should occur an isotope effect for carrier mobility. For N,N'-n-bis(n-hexyl)-naphthalene diimide, electron mobility of all-deuteration on alkyls and all (13)C-substitution on the backbone decrease ∼18 and 7%, respectively. Similar isotope effects are found in the N,N'-n-bis(n-octyl)-perylene diimide. However, there is nearly no isotope effect for all-deuterated rubrene or tetracene. We have found that the isotopic effect only occurs when the substituted nuclei contribute actively to vibrations with appreciable charge reorganization energy and coupling with carrier motion. Thus, this prediction can shed light on the current dispute over the hopping versus band-like mechanisms in organic semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqian Jiang
- †MOE Key Laboratory of Organic OptoElectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Geng
- ‡Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Shi
- †MOE Key Laboratory of Organic OptoElectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Peng
- ‡Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Zheng
- †MOE Key Laboratory of Organic OptoElectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Shuai
- †MOE Key Laboratory of Organic OptoElectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
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