1
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Goldup SM. The End of the Beginning of Mechanical Stereochemistry. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:1696-1708. [PMID: 38830116 PMCID: PMC11191403 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.4c00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusStereochemistry has played a key role in the development of synthetic chemistry for the simple reason that the function and properties of most molecules, from medicine to materials science, depend on their shape and thus the stereoisomer used. However, despite the potential for rotaxanes and catenanes to display unusual forms of stereochemistry being identified as early as 1961, this aspect of the mechanical bond remained underexplored and underexploited; until 2014 it was only possible to access chiral rotaxanes and catenanes whose stereoisomerism is solely attributable to the mechanical bond using chiral stationary phase high performance liquid chromatography, which limited their production on scale and thus inhibited the investigation of their properties and applications. Furthermore, the stereogenic units of such molecules and analogues were often poorly described, which made it hard to fully articulate both what had been achieved in the field and what problems were left to solve. Relatively recently, methods to access rotaxanes and catenanes that display mechanical stereochemistry selectively have been developed, making these intriguing structures available for study in a range of prototypical applications including catalysis, sensing, and as chiral luminophores.In this Account, we briefly discuss the history of mechanical stereochemistry, beginning in 1961 when the potential for mechanical stereoisomerism was first identified, before defining how mechanical stereochemistry arises from a structural point of view. Building on this, using simple stereochemical arguments, we confirm that the complete set of unique stereogenic units of two-component rotaxanes and catenanes have finally been identified and categorized unambiguously, with the last being identified only in 2024. After pausing to discuss some of the stereochemical curiosities that arise when molecules contain both covalent and mechanical stereogenic units, and the potential for stereoisomerism to arise due to co-conformational movement, we use our stereochemical framework to summarize our efforts to develop conceptually general approaches to [2]catenanes and [2]rotaxanes containing all of the possible mechanical stereogenic units. In particular, we highlight how the nature of a mechanical stereogenic unit affects the available strategies for their stereoselective synthesis. We finish by highlighting recent prototypical chemical applications of interlocked molecules that rely on their mechanical stereochemistry, before discussing future directions and challenges.Taken together, we propose that the transition of such molecules from being hard to make and poorly described, to being available in high stereopurity using clearly articulated methodological and stereochemical concepts suggests that the field is finally maturing. Thus, we are now coming to the end of the beginning of mechanical stereochemistry. The stage is now set for such molecules to play a functional role in a range of areas, indeed in any chemical or physical application where control over molecular shape is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M. Goldup
- School of Chemistry, University
of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
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2
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Gallagher P, Savoini A, Saady A, Maynard JRJ, Butler PWV, Tizzard GJ, Goldup SM. Facial Selectivity in Mechanical Bond Formation: Axially Chiral Enantiomers and Geometric Isomers from a Simple Prochiral Macrocycle. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:9134-9141. [PMID: 38507717 PMCID: PMC10996000 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
In 1971, Schill recognized that a prochiral macrocycle encircling an oriented axle led to geometric isomerism in rotaxanes. More recently, we identified an overlooked chiral stereogenic unit in rotaxanes that arises when a prochiral macrocycle encircles a prochiral axle. Here, we show that both stereogenic units can be accessed using equivalent strategies, with a single weak stereodifferentiating interaction sufficient for moderate to excellent stereoselectivity. Using this understanding, we demonstrated the first direct enantioselective (70% ee) synthesis of a mechanically axially chiral rotaxane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter
R. Gallagher
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K.
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - Andrea Savoini
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K.
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - Abed Saady
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K.
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - John R. J. Maynard
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K.
| | - Patrick W. V. Butler
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K.
| | - Graham J. Tizzard
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K.
| | - Stephen M. Goldup
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K.
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
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3
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Savoini A, Gallagher PR, Saady A, Goldup SM. The Final Stereogenic Unit of [2]Rotaxanes: Type 2 Geometric Isomers. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:8472-8479. [PMID: 38499387 PMCID: PMC10979452 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Mechanical stereochemistry arises when the interlocking of stereochemically trivial covalent subcomponents results in a stereochemically complex object. Although this general concept was identified in 1961, the stereochemical description of these molecules is still under development to the extent that new forms of mechanical stereochemistry are still being identified. Here, we present a simple analysis of rotaxane and catenane stereochemistry that allowed us to identify the final missing simple mechanical stereogenic unit, an overlooked form of rotaxane geometric isomerism, and demonstrate its stereoselective synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Savoini
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K.
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - Peter R. Gallagher
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K.
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - Abed Saady
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K.
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - Stephen M. Goldup
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K.
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
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4
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Ragazzon G, Malferrari M, Arduini A, Secchi A, Rapino S, Silvi S, Credi A. Autonomous Non-Equilibrium Self-Assembly and Molecular Movements Powered by Electrical Energy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214265. [PMID: 36422473 PMCID: PMC10107654 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The ability to exploit energy autonomously is one of the hallmarks of life. Mastering such processes in artificial nanosystems can open technological opportunities. In the last decades, light- and chemically driven autonomous systems have been developed in relation to conformational motion and self-assembly, mostly in relation to molecular motors. In contrast, despite electrical energy being an attractive energy source to power nanosystems, its autonomous harnessing has received little attention. Herein we consider an operation mode that allows the autonomous exploitation of electrical energy by a self-assembling system. Threading and dethreading motions of a pseudorotaxane take place autonomously in solution, powered by the current flowing between the electrodes of a scanning electrochemical microscope. The underlying autonomous energy ratchet mechanism drives the self-assembly steps away from equilibrium with a higher energy efficiency compared to other autonomous systems. The strategy is general and might be extended to other redox-driven systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Ragazzon
- Institut de Science et d'Ingégnierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS) UMR 7006, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marco Malferrari
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Arturo Arduini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Secchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Stefania Rapino
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Serena Silvi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy.,CLAN-Center for Light-Activated Nanostructures (CLAN), Università di Bologna and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Credi
- CLAN-Center for Light-Activated Nanostructures (CLAN), Università di Bologna and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy.,Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", Università di Bologna, viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136, Bologna, Italy
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5
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Cester Bonati F, Bazzoni M, Baccini C, Zanichelli V, Orlandini G, Arduini A, Cera G, Secchi A. Calix[6]arene-Based [3]Rotaxanes as Prototypes for the Template Synthesis of Molecular Capsules. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020595. [PMID: 36677647 PMCID: PMC9864859 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the ability of several bis-viologen axles to thread a series of heteroditopic tris(N-phenylureido)calix[6]arene wheels to give interwoven supramolecular complexes to the [3]pseudorotaxane type was studied. The unidirectionality of the threading process inside these nonsymmetric wheels allows the formation of highly preorganised [3]pseudorotaxane and [3]rotaxane species in which the macrocycles phenylureido moieties, functionalised with either ester, carboxylic, or hydroxymethyl groups, are facing each other. As verified by NMR and semiempirical computational studies, these latter compounds possess the correct spatial arrangement of their subcomponents, which could lead, in principle, upon proper bridging reaction, to the realisation of upper-to-upper molecular capsules that are based on calix[6]arene derivatives.
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6
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Carpentier R, Lambert S, Brunetti E, Jabin I, Bartik K. Specific Binding of Primary Ammoniums in Aqueous Media by Homooxacalixarenes Incorporated into Micelles. J Org Chem 2022; 87:12749-12758. [PMID: 36149399 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The development of artificial receptors for efficient recognition of analytes in water is a challenging task. Homooxacalix[3]arene-based receptor 1, which is selective toward primary ammoniums in organic solvents, was transferred into water following two different strategies: direct solubilization and micellar incorporation. Extensive 1H NMR studies showed that recognition of ammoniums is only observed in the case of micellar incorporation, highlighting the beneficial effect of the microenvironment of the micellar core. The selectivity of the system for primary ammoniums over secondary and tertiary ones was also maintained. The hydrophobic effect plays an important role in the recognition properties, which are counterion-dependent due to the energy penalty for the dissociation of certain ammonium salts in the apolar micellar core. This study shows that the straightforward self-assembly process used for the encapsulation of artificial receptors in micelles is an efficient strategy for developing water-soluble nanosized supramolecular recognition systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Carpentier
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Ecole polytechnique de Bruxelles, Engineering of Molecular NanoSystems, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP165/64, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.,Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Simon Lambert
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Ecole polytechnique de Bruxelles, Engineering of Molecular NanoSystems, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP165/64, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.,Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Emilio Brunetti
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Ecole polytechnique de Bruxelles, Engineering of Molecular NanoSystems, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP165/64, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.,Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ivan Jabin
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kristin Bartik
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Ecole polytechnique de Bruxelles, Engineering of Molecular NanoSystems, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP165/64, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
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7
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Koehler V, Roy A, Huc I, Ferrand Y. Foldaxanes: Rotaxane-like Architectures from Foldamers. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:1074-1085. [PMID: 35293719 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mechanically interlocked molecules such as rotaxanes and catenanes contain free-moving components that cannot dissociate and have enabled the investigation and control of various translational and rotational molecular motions. The architecture of pseudo-rotaxanes and of some kinetically labile rotaxanes is comparable to that of rotaxanes but their components are reversibly associated and not irreversibly interlocked. In other words, pseudo-rotaxanes may fall apart. This Account focuses on a peculiar family of rotaxane-like architectures termed foldaxanes.Foldaxanes consist of a helically folded oligomer wound around a rod-like dumbbell-shaped guest. Winding of the helix around the rod thus entails an unwinding-rewinding process that creates a kinetic barrier. It follows that foldaxanes, albeit reversibly assembled, have significant lifetimes and may not fall apart while defined molecular motions are triggered. Foldaxanes based on helically folded aromatic oligoamide hosts and oligo(alkyl carbamate) guests can be designed rationally through the inclusion of complementary binding motifs on the rod and at the inner rim of the helix so that helix length and rod length match. Single helical foldaxanes (bimolecular species) and double helical foldaxanes (trimolecular species) have thus been produced as well as poly[n]foldaxanes, in which several helices bind to long rods with multiple binding stations. When the binding stations differ and are organized in a certain sequence, a complementary sequence of different stacked helices, each matching with their binding station, can be assembled, thus reproducing in an artificial system a sort of translation process.Foldaxane helix handedness may be controlled by stereogenic centers on the rod-like guest. Handedness can also be transmitted from helix to helix in polyfoldaxanes. Foldaxane formation has drastic consequences for the rod properties, including its stiffening and the restriction of the mobility of a macrocycle already interlocked on the rod. Fast translation (without dissociation) of helices along rod-like guests has been demonstrated. Because of the helical nature of the hosts, translation may be accompanied by rotation in various sorts of screw-like motions. The possibility, on longer time scales, for the helix to dissociate from and reassociate to the rod has allowed for the design of complex, kinetically controlled supramolecular pathways of a helix on a rod. Furthermore, the design of helices with a directionality, that is, with two distinct termini, that bind to nonsymmetrical rod-like guests in a defined orientation makes it possible to also control the orientation of molecular motion. Altogether, foldaxanes constitute a distinct and full-of-potential family of rotaxane-like architectures that possess designer structures and allow orchestration of the time scales of various supramolecular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Koehler
- CNRS, Bordeaux Institut National Polytechnique, CBMN (UMR 5248), Université de Bordeaux, Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, 2 Rue Escarpit, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Arundhati Roy
- Department Pharmazie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstraße 5-13, D-81377 München, Germany
| | - Ivan Huc
- Department Pharmazie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstraße 5-13, D-81377 München, Germany
| | - Yann Ferrand
- CNRS, Bordeaux Institut National Polytechnique, CBMN (UMR 5248), Université de Bordeaux, Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, 2 Rue Escarpit, 33600 Pessac, France
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8
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Gibson HW, Rouser MA, Schoonover DV. Synthesis of Bottlebrush Copolymers Using a Polypseudorotaxane Intermediate. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harry W. Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Mason A. Rouser
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Daniel V. Schoonover
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
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9
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Villa M, Ceroni P, Fermi A. Tetrachromophoric Systems Based on Rigid Tetraphenylmethane (TPM) and Tetraphenylethylene (TPE) Scaffolds. Chempluschem 2022; 87:e202100558. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202100558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Villa
- Universita di Bologna Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician" ITALY
| | - Paola Ceroni
- Universita di Bologna Depatment of Chemistry "G. Ciamician" ITALY
| | - Andrea Fermi
- Universita degli Studi di Bologna Dipartimento di Chimica Giacomo Ciamician Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician" via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna ITALY
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10
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ABE T, Horiuchi S, Hiraoka S. Kinetically controlled narcissistic self-sorting of Pd(II)-linked self-assemblies from structurally similar tritopic ligands. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:10829-10832. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04496j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Although many examples of self-sorting have been reported, self-sorting of structurally similar building blocks is potentially difficult. Herein, we present the narcissistic self-sorted state from two kinds of structurally similar...
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11
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Cera G, Bazzoni M, Andreoni L, Cester Bonati F, Massera C, Silvi S, Credi A, Secchi A, Arduini A. Thioureidocalix[6]arenes Pseudorotaxanes. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gianpiero Cera
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale Università di Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A 43124 Parma Italy
| | - Margherita Bazzoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale Università di Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A 43124 Parma Italy
| | - Leonardo Andreoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician” Università di Bologna Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Via Gobetti 101 40129 Bologna Italy
| | - Federica Cester Bonati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale Università di Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A 43124 Parma Italy
| | - Chiara Massera
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale Università di Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A 43124 Parma Italy
| | - Serena Silvi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician” Università di Bologna Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Via Gobetti 101 40129 Bologna Italy
| | - Alberto Credi
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Via Gobetti 101 40129 Bologna Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari” Università di Bologna Viale del Risorgimento 4 40136 Bologna Italy
| | - Andrea Secchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale Università di Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A 43124 Parma Italy
| | - Arturo Arduini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale Università di Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A 43124 Parma Italy
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12
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Cherraben S, Scelle J, Hasenknopf B, Vives G, Sollogoub M. Precise Rate Control of Pseudorotaxane Dethreading by pH-Responsive Selectively Functionalized Cyclodextrins. Org Lett 2021; 23:7938-7942. [PMID: 34582212 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A family of cyclodextrins functionalized with zero, one, two, or six amines was shown to control the rate of their threading and dethreading on a molecular axle depending on the pH and their substitution pattern. The originality of this system lies in the rate control of the switch by operating the stimulus directly on the macrocycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawsen Cherraben
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR8232, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jérémy Scelle
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR8232, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Bernold Hasenknopf
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR8232, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Vives
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR8232, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Sollogoub
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR8232, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
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13
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Cera G, Arduini A, Secchi A, Credi A, Silvi S. Heteroditopic Calix[6]arene Based Intervowen and Interlocked Molecular Devices. CHEM REC 2021; 21:1161-1181. [PMID: 33656250 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Since the dawn of supramolecular chemistry, calixarenes have been employed as platforms onto which functional groups and binding sites can be loaded in a regio- and stereocontrolled manner for the recognition of charged and neutral species. Despite their wider annulus, potentially suitable to bind larger guests, the larger members of the calixarene series have been relatively less employed, mainly because of the synthetic difficulties to control their conformational flexibility and their regioselective functionalization. In this account, we will present the achievements gained during the last two decades on the use of the calix[6]arene as a platform to build-up structures in which the macrocycle acts as a wheel for the synthesis of oriented (pseudo)rotaxanes. We also account on how these calix[6]arene hosts affect the reactivity or spectroscopic properties of their bound guests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianpiero Cera
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, I-43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Arturo Arduini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, I-43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Secchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, I-43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Alberto Credi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", Viale del Risorgimento 4, I-40136, Bologna, Italy.,Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Foto reattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Serena Silvi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, I-40126, Bologna, Italy
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14
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Iwamoto T, Miyagawa S, Naito M, Tokunaga Y. Orientation of the α-CD component of [2]rotaxanes affects their specific molecular recognition behaviour. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01337d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An α-CD component enhanced the anion recognition ability of the urea moiety and the deprotonation of the phenol moiety in the axle component in orientationally isomeric [2]rotaxanes with the OH groups on the wide rim of the α-CD, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Iwamoto
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Fukui
- Bunkyo
- Japan
| | - Shinobu Miyagawa
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Fukui
- Bunkyo
- Japan
| | - Masaya Naito
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Fukui
- Bunkyo
- Japan
| | - Yuji Tokunaga
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Fukui
- Bunkyo
- Japan
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15
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Matsuoka R, Himori S, Yamaguchi G, Nabeshima T. Kinetic and Thermodynamic Behaviors of Pseudorotaxane Formation with C3v Macrocyclic BODIPY Trimers and the Remarkable Substituent Effect on Ring-Face Selectivity. Org Lett 2020; 22:8764-8768. [PMID: 32975422 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The thermodynamic and kinetic behaviors of the pseudorotaxane formation between the C3v macrocyclic BODIPY trimers and unsymmetrical secondary ammonium guests are investigated. We find a remarkable substituent effect of the BODIPY trimer on the ring-face selectivity during the threading. The difference in the small substituents (H or CH3) in the macrocyclic host molecules significantly modulated the thermodynamic and kinetic selectivity of the threading direction of the unsymmetrical ammonium ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Matsuoka
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences and Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Sou Himori
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences and Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Gento Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences and Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Nabeshima
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences and Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
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16
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Groppi J, Casimiro L, Canton M, Corra S, Jafari‐Nasab M, Tabacchi G, Cavallo L, Baroncini M, Silvi S, Fois E, Credi A. Precision Molecular Threading/Dethreading. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202003064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Groppi
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures Istituto ISOF-CNR via Gobetti 101 40129 Bologna Italy
| | - Lorenzo Casimiro
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures Istituto ISOF-CNR via Gobetti 101 40129 Bologna Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician” Università di Bologna via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Martina Canton
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures Istituto ISOF-CNR via Gobetti 101 40129 Bologna Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari” Università di Bologna viale del Risorgimento 4 40136 Bologna Italy
| | - Stefano Corra
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures Istituto ISOF-CNR via Gobetti 101 40129 Bologna Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari Università di Bologna viale Fanin 44 40127 Bologna Italy
| | - Mina Jafari‐Nasab
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician” Università di Bologna via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Gloria Tabacchi
- Dipartimento di Scienza ed Alta Tecnologia and INSTM Università dell'Insubria via Valleggio 11 22100 Como Italy
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- KAUST Catalysis Center King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Massimo Baroncini
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures Istituto ISOF-CNR via Gobetti 101 40129 Bologna Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari Università di Bologna viale Fanin 44 40127 Bologna Italy
| | - Serena Silvi
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures Istituto ISOF-CNR via Gobetti 101 40129 Bologna Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician” Università di Bologna via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Ettore Fois
- Dipartimento di Scienza ed Alta Tecnologia and INSTM Università dell'Insubria via Valleggio 11 22100 Como Italy
| | - Alberto Credi
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures Istituto ISOF-CNR via Gobetti 101 40129 Bologna Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari” Università di Bologna viale del Risorgimento 4 40136 Bologna Italy
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17
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Groppi J, Casimiro L, Canton M, Corra S, Jafari‐Nasab M, Tabacchi G, Cavallo L, Baroncini M, Silvi S, Fois E, Credi A. Precision Molecular Threading/Dethreading. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:14825-14834. [PMID: 32396687 PMCID: PMC7496742 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202003064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The general principles guiding the design of molecular machines based on interlocked structures are well known. Nonetheless, the identification of suitable molecular components for a precise tuning of the energetic parameters that determine the mechanical link is still challenging. Indeed, what are the reasons of the "all-or-nothing" effect, which turns a molecular "speed-bump" into a stopper in pseudorotaxane-based architectures? Here we investigate the threading and dethreading processes for a representative class of molecular components, based on symmetric dibenzylammonium axles and dibenzo[24]crown-8 ether, with a joint experimental-computational strategy. From the analysis of quantitative data and an atomistic insight, we derive simple rules correlating the kinetic behaviour with the substitution pattern, and provide rational guidelines for the design of modules to be integrated in molecular switches and motors with sophisticated dynamic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Groppi
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated NanostructuresIstituto ISOF-CNRvia Gobetti 10140129BolognaItaly
| | - Lorenzo Casimiro
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated NanostructuresIstituto ISOF-CNRvia Gobetti 10140129BolognaItaly
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”Università di Bolognavia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly
| | - Martina Canton
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated NanostructuresIstituto ISOF-CNRvia Gobetti 10140129BolognaItaly
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”Università di Bolognaviale del Risorgimento 440136BolognaItaly
| | - Stefano Corra
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated NanostructuresIstituto ISOF-CNRvia Gobetti 10140129BolognaItaly
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentariUniversità di Bolognaviale Fanin 4440127BolognaItaly
| | - Mina Jafari‐Nasab
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”Università di Bolognavia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly
| | - Gloria Tabacchi
- Dipartimento di Scienza ed Alta Tecnologia and INSTMUniversità dell'Insubriavia Valleggio 1122100ComoItaly
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- KAUST Catalysis CenterKing Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwal23955-6900Saudi Arabia
| | - Massimo Baroncini
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated NanostructuresIstituto ISOF-CNRvia Gobetti 10140129BolognaItaly
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentariUniversità di Bolognaviale Fanin 4440127BolognaItaly
| | - Serena Silvi
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated NanostructuresIstituto ISOF-CNRvia Gobetti 10140129BolognaItaly
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”Università di Bolognavia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly
| | - Ettore Fois
- Dipartimento di Scienza ed Alta Tecnologia and INSTMUniversità dell'Insubriavia Valleggio 1122100ComoItaly
| | - Alberto Credi
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated NanostructuresIstituto ISOF-CNRvia Gobetti 10140129BolognaItaly
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”Università di Bolognaviale del Risorgimento 440136BolognaItaly
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18
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Lambert S, Bartik K, Jabin I. Specific Binding of Primary Ammonium Ions and Lysine-Containing Peptides in Protic Solvents by Hexahomotrioxacalix[3]arenes. J Org Chem 2020; 85:10062-10071. [PMID: 32657587 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The binding of ammonium ions by two homooxacalix[3]arene-based receptors was studied using NMR spectroscopy and in silico methods. Both receptors are shown to endocomplex, even in a protic environment, a large variety of primary ammonium ions, including biomolecules. The binding mode is similar for all guests with the ammonium ion deeply inserted into the polyaromatic cavity and its NH3+ head nearly in the plane defined by the three oxygen atoms of the 18-crown-3 moiety, thus enabling it to establish three H-bonds with the ethereal macrocycle. The remarkable electronic, size, and shape complementarity between primary ammonium ions and the two cavity-based receptors leads to an unprecedented specificity for primary ammonium ions over secondary, tertiary, and quaternary ones. These binding properties were exploited for the selective liquid-liquid extraction of primary ammonium salts from water and for the selective recognition of lysine-containing peptides, opening new perspectives in the field of peptide sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Lambert
- Ecole polytechnique de Bruxelles, Engineering of Molecular NanoSystems, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP165/64, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.,Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kristin Bartik
- Ecole polytechnique de Bruxelles, Engineering of Molecular NanoSystems, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP165/64, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ivan Jabin
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
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19
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Cera G, Bazzoni M, Arduini A, Secchi A. Ion-Pair Selective Conformational Rearrangement of Sulfonamide Calix[6]arene-Based Pseudorotaxanes. Org Lett 2020; 22:3702-3705. [PMID: 32286076 PMCID: PMC7997628 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
![]()
We describe the synthesis
of a new class of trisulfonamide calix[6]arene-based
wheels that can bind dialkylviologen salts, in apolar media. The threading
process occurs through a selective ion-pair recognition, established
by the sulfonamide groups with the counterions of the bipyridinium
salts, that dictates a conformational rearrangement of the corresponding
pseudorotaxanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianpiero Cera
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Margherita Bazzoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Arturo Arduini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Secchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, I-43124 Parma, Italy
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20
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Bazzoni M, Terenziani F, Secchi A, Cera G, Jabin I, De Leener G, Luhmer M, Arduini A. Tuning the Fluorescence Through Reorientation of the Axle in Calix[6]arene-Based Pseudorotaxanes. Chemistry 2020; 26:3022-3025. [PMID: 31944456 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This work describes a calix[6]arene-based wheel that binds, in non-polar media, a stilbazolium salt to yield a mixture of pseudorotaxane orientational isomers. The isomer's abundance ratio evolves with time and can be reversibly tuned by adjusting the temperature. The spectroscopic properties, and notably the emission spectrum, of the bound guest depend on its orientation inside the non-palindromic wheel, suggesting such a system as a switch with spectroscopic readout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Bazzoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e, della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Terenziani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e, della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Secchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e, della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Gianpiero Cera
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e, della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Ivan Jabin
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gaël De Leener
- Centre d'Instrumentation en REsonance Magnétique (CIREM), Laboratoire de Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire Haute Résolution, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/08, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michel Luhmer
- Centre d'Instrumentation en REsonance Magnétique (CIREM), Laboratoire de Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire Haute Résolution, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/08, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Arturo Arduini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e, della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
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21
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Iuliano V, Ciao R, Vignola E, Talotta C, Iannece P, De Rosa M, Soriente A, Gaeta C, Neri P. Multiple threading of a triple-calix[6]arene host. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:2092-2104. [PMID: 31579081 PMCID: PMC6753684 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of the triple-calix[6]arene derivative 6 in which three calix[6]arene macrocycles are linked to a central 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene moiety is reported. Derivative 6 is able to give multiple-threading processes in the presence of dialkylammonium axles. The formation of pseudo[2]rotaxane, pseudo[3]rotaxane, and pseudo[4]rotaxane by threading one, two, and three, respectively, calix-wheels of 6 has been studied by 1D and 2D NMR, DOSY, and ESI-FT-ICR MS/MS experiments. The use of a directional alkylbenzylammonium axle led to the stereoselective formation of endo-alkyl pseudo[n]rotaxane stereoisomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Iuliano
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia " A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Roberta Ciao
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia " A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Emanuele Vignola
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia " A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Carmen Talotta
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia " A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Patrizia Iannece
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia " A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Margherita De Rosa
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia " A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Annunziata Soriente
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia " A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Carmine Gaeta
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia " A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Placido Neri
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia " A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
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22
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Abstract
Directed motion at the nanoscale is a central attribute of life, and chemically driven motor proteins are nature's choice to accomplish it. Motivated and inspired by such bionanodevices, in the past few decades chemists have developed artificial prototypes of molecular motors, namely, multicomponent synthetic species that exhibit directionally controlled, stimuli-induced movements of their parts. In this context, photonic and redox stimuli represent highly appealing modes of activation, particularly from a technological viewpoint. Here we describe the evolution of the field of photo- and redox-driven artificial molecular motors, and we provide a comprehensive review of the work published in the past 5 years. After an analysis of the general principles that govern controlled and directed movement at the molecular scale, we describe the fundamental photochemical and redox processes that can enable its realization. The main classes of light- and redox-driven molecular motors are illustrated, with a particular focus on recent designs, and a thorough description of the functions performed by these kinds of devices according to literature reports is presented. Limitations, challenges, and future perspectives of the field are critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Baroncini
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures , Istituto ISOF-CNR , via Gobetti 101 , 40129 Bologna , Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari , Università di Bologna , viale Fanin 44 , 40127 Bologna , Italy
| | - Serena Silvi
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures , Istituto ISOF-CNR , via Gobetti 101 , 40129 Bologna , Italy.,Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician" , Università di Bologna , via Selmi 2 , 40126 Bologna , Italy
| | - Alberto Credi
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures , Istituto ISOF-CNR , via Gobetti 101 , 40129 Bologna , Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari , Università di Bologna , viale Fanin 44 , 40127 Bologna , Italy
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23
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Bazzoni M, Zanichelli V, Casimiro L, Massera C, Credi A, Secchi A, Silvi S, Arduini A. New Geometries for Calix[6]arene-Based Rotaxanes. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Bazzoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale; Università di Parma; Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A 43124 Parma Italy
| | - Valeria Zanichelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale; Università di Parma; Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A 43124 Parma Italy
| | - Lorenzo Casimiro
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”; Università di Bologna; Via Selmi 2 40126 Italy
| | - Chiara Massera
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale; Università di Parma; Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A 43124 Parma Italy
| | - Alberto Credi
- Center for Light Activated Nanostructures (CLAN) and Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari; Università di Bologna; 40127 Bologna Italy
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività (ISOF) - CNR Area della Ricerca di Bologna; Via P. Gobetti 101 40129 Bologna Italy
| | - Andrea Secchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale; Università di Parma; Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A 43124 Parma Italy
| | - Serena Silvi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”; Università di Bologna; Via Selmi 2 40126 Italy
| | - Arturo Arduini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale; Università di Parma; Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A 43124 Parma Italy
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24
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Wang X, Gan Q, Wicher B, Ferrand Y, Huc I. Directional Threading and Sliding of a Dissymmetrical Foldamer Helix on Dissymmetrical Axles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201813125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wang
- CBMN (UMR5248)Univ. Bordeaux—CNRS—IPBInstitut Européen de Chimie et Biologie 2 rue Escarpit 33600 Pessac France
| | - Quan Gan
- CBMN (UMR5248)Univ. Bordeaux—CNRS—IPBInstitut Européen de Chimie et Biologie 2 rue Escarpit 33600 Pessac France
| | - Barbara Wicher
- Department of Chemical Technology of DrugsPoznan University of Medical Sciences Grunwaldzka 6 60–780 Poznan Poland
| | - Yann Ferrand
- CBMN (UMR5248)Univ. Bordeaux—CNRS—IPBInstitut Européen de Chimie et Biologie 2 rue Escarpit 33600 Pessac France
| | - Ivan Huc
- CBMN (UMR5248)Univ. Bordeaux—CNRS—IPBInstitut Européen de Chimie et Biologie 2 rue Escarpit 33600 Pessac France
- Department Pharmazie and Center for Integrated Protein ScienceLudwig-Maximilians-Universität Butenandtstrasse 5–13 81377 München Germany
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25
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Wang X, Gan Q, Wicher B, Ferrand Y, Huc I. Directional Threading and Sliding of a Dissymmetrical Foldamer Helix on Dissymmetrical Axles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:4205-4209. [PMID: 30652404 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201813125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the self-assembly of a dissymmetrical aromatic oligoamide helix on linear amido-carbamate rods. A dissymmetric sequence bearing two differentiated ends is able to wrap around dissymmetric dumbbell guest molecules. Structural and thermodynamic investigations allowed us to decipher the mode of binding of the helix that can bind specifically to the amide and carbamate groups of the rod. In parallel kinetic studies of threading and sliding of the helix along linear axles were also monitored by 1 H NMR. Results show that threading of a dissymmetrical host can be kinetically biased by the nature of the guest terminus allowing a preferential sense of sliding of the helix. The study presented below further demonstrates the valuable potential of foldaxanes to combine designed molecular recognition patterns with fine control of self-assembly kinetics to conceive complex supramolecular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wang
- CBMN (UMR5248), Univ. Bordeaux-CNRS-IPB, Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, 2 rue Escarpit, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Quan Gan
- CBMN (UMR5248), Univ. Bordeaux-CNRS-IPB, Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, 2 rue Escarpit, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Barbara Wicher
- Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780, Poznan, Poland
| | - Yann Ferrand
- CBMN (UMR5248), Univ. Bordeaux-CNRS-IPB, Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, 2 rue Escarpit, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Ivan Huc
- CBMN (UMR5248), Univ. Bordeaux-CNRS-IPB, Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, 2 rue Escarpit, 33600, Pessac, France.,Department Pharmazie and Center for Integrated Protein Science, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377, München, Germany
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26
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Zhou HY, Han Y, Shi Q, Chen CF. Directional Transportation of a Helic[6]arene along a Nonsymmetric Molecular Axle. J Org Chem 2019; 84:5872-5876. [PMID: 30900452 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- He-Ye Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ying Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiang Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chuan-Feng Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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27
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Elemans JAAW, Nolte RJM. Porphyrin cage compounds based on glycoluril – from enzyme mimics to functional molecular machines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:9590-9605. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc04372a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This Feature Article gives an overview of the application of glycoluril-based porphyrin cage compounds in host–guest chemistry, allosterically controlled self-assembly, biomimetic catalysis, and polymer encoding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roeland J. M. Nolte
- Radboud University
- Institute for Molecules and Materials
- 6525 AJ Nijmegen
- The Netherlands
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28
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Pisagatti I, Barbera L, Gattuso G, Parisi MF, Geremia S, Hickey N, Notti A. Guest-length driven high fidelity self-sorting in supramolecular capsule formation of calix[5]arenes in water. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo01188a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Only homocapsules 1⊃NC8N⊂1 and 2⊃NC10N⊂2 are selectively formed out of ten potentially different products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilenia Pisagatti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Biologiche
- Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali
- Università di Messina
- 98166 Messina
| | - Lucia Barbera
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Biologiche
- Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali
- Università di Messina
- 98166 Messina
| | - Giuseppe Gattuso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Biologiche
- Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali
- Università di Messina
- 98166 Messina
| | - Melchiorre F. Parisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Biologiche
- Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali
- Università di Messina
- 98166 Messina
| | - Silvano Geremia
- Centro di Eccellenza in Biocristallografia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- Università di Trieste
- 34127 Trieste
- Italy
| | - Neal Hickey
- Centro di Eccellenza in Biocristallografia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- Università di Trieste
- 34127 Trieste
- Italy
| | - Anna Notti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Biologiche
- Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali
- Università di Messina
- 98166 Messina
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29
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Baroncini M, Canton M, Casimiro L, Corra S, Groppi J, La Rosa M, Silvi S, Credi A. Photoactive Molecular-Based Devices, Machines and Materials: Recent Advances. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018; 2018:4589-4603. [PMID: 31007574 PMCID: PMC6472663 DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201800923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Molecular and supramolecular-based systems and materials that can perform predetermined functions in response to light stimulation have been extensively studied in the past three decades. Their investigation continues to be a highly stimulating topic of chemical research, not only because of the inherent scientific value related to a bottom-up approach to functional nanostructures, but also for the prospective applications in diverse fields of technology and medicine. Light is an important tool in this context, as it can be conveniently used both for supplying energy to the system and for probing its states and transformations. In this microreview we recall some basic aspects of light-induced processes in (supra)molecular assemblies, and discuss their exploitation to implement novel functionalities with nanostructured devices, machines and materials. To this aim we illustrate a few examples from our own recent work, which are meant to illustrate the trends of current research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Baroncini
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures Via Gobetti 101 40129 Bologna Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari Università di Bologna Viale Fanin 50 40127 Bologna Italy
| | - Martina Canton
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures Via Gobetti 101 40129 Bologna Italy.,Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician" Università di Bologna Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Lorenzo Casimiro
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures Via Gobetti 101 40129 Bologna Italy.,Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician" Università di Bologna Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Stefano Corra
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures Via Gobetti 101 40129 Bologna Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari Università di Bologna Viale Fanin 50 40127 Bologna Italy
| | - Jessica Groppi
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures Via Gobetti 101 40129 Bologna Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari Università di Bologna Viale Fanin 50 40127 Bologna Italy
| | - Marcello La Rosa
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures Via Gobetti 101 40129 Bologna Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari Università di Bologna Viale Fanin 50 40127 Bologna Italy
| | - Serena Silvi
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures Via Gobetti 101 40129 Bologna Italy.,Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician" Università di Bologna Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Alberto Credi
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures Via Gobetti 101 40129 Bologna Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari Università di Bologna Viale Fanin 50 40127 Bologna Italy
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30
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Gaeta C, Talotta C, Neri P. Calix[6]arene-based atropoisomeric pseudo[2]rotaxanes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:2112-2124. [PMID: 30202465 PMCID: PMC6122310 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Some examples of atropoisomeric pseudorotaxanes in which the isomerism arises by the different conformations adopted by the wheel are reported here. Upon threading hexahexyloxycalix[6]arene 1 with ammonium axles 2+ or 3+, bearing biphenyl or trifluoromethylbenzyl moieties, respectively, two atropoisomeric pseudorotaxanes were formed in which the calix[6]-wheel 1 adopts the 1,2,3-alternate and cone conformations. The interconversion between them cannot be obtained by simple rotation around the ArCH2Ar bonds of the calixarene wheel, which is blocked by the presence of the axle inside its cavity. Therefore, it can only be obtained through a mechanism of de-threading/re-threading of the axle. In all the examined cases, the 1,2,3-alternate and cone atropoisomers are, respectively, the kinetic and the thermodynamic ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Gaeta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia " A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Carmen Talotta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia " A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Placido Neri
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia " A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
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Abstract
Molecular machines use external energy to drive transport, to do mechanical, osmotic, or electrical work on the environment, and to form structure. In this paper the fundamental difference between the design principles necessary for a molecular machine to use light or external modulation of thermodynamic parameters as an energy source vs. the design principle for using an exergonic chemical reaction as a fuel will be explored. The key difference is that for catalytically-driven motors microscopic reversibility must hold arbitrarily far from equilibrium. Applying the constraints of microscopic reversibility assures that a coarse grained model is consistent with an underlying model for motion on a single time-independent potential energy surface. In contrast, light-driven processes, and processes driven by external modulation of the thermodynamic parameters of a system cannot in general be described in terms of motion on a single time-independent potential energy surface, and the rate constants are not constrained by microscopic reversibility. The results presented here call into question the value of the so-called power stroke model as an explanation of the function of autonomous chemically-driven molecular machines such as are commonly found in biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Astumian
- Dept. of Physics, University of Maine, 5709 Bennett Hall, Orono, ME 04469, USA.
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32
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Toward a translational molecular ratchet: face-selective translation coincident with deuteration in a pseudo-rotaxane. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8950. [PMID: 29895967 PMCID: PMC5997654 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27226-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In the molecular world, molecular ratchets can realize the unidirectional movement in molecular machines. However, construction of artificial molecular ratchets has been still a great challenge. In this study, we investigate the formation of pseudo-rotaxane of a newly designed two-station axis molecule with α-cyclodextrin (α-CD) and the deuteration of acidic protons in the axis in D2O by 1H NMR at varying temperatures. Using the NMR data, we roughly estimate apparent rate constants for association, dissociation, and translation of α-CD during the pseudo-rotaxane formation based on a simplified kinetic model. These rate constants are indicative of face-selective and ratchet-like translation of α-CD on the axis because of the 2-methylpyridinium residues in the axis. We also evaluate apparent first-order rate constants for the deuteration. Comparison of these rate constants indicates that the face-selective translation of α-CD somehow couples with the deuteration. On the basis of this study, it is concluded that a translational molecular ratchet can be constructed using a large energy gradient with appropriate energy barriers and an enthalpically-driven coupled reaction.
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33
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Directional Shuttling of a Stimuli-Responsive Cone-Like Macrocycle on a Single-State Symmetric Dumbbell Axle. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201803349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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34
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Cui JS, Ba QK, Ke H, Valkonen A, Rissanen K, Jiang W. Directional Shuttling of a Stimuli-Responsive Cone-Like Macrocycle on a Single-State Symmetric Dumbbell Axle. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:7809-7814. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201803349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Shun Cui
- Department of Chemistry; Southern University of Science and Technology; Xueyuan Blvd 1088 Shenzhen 518055 China
- College of Chemistry; Nankai University; Weijin Road 94 Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Qian-Kai Ba
- Department of Chemistry; Southern University of Science and Technology; Xueyuan Blvd 1088 Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Hua Ke
- Department of Chemistry; Southern University of Science and Technology; Xueyuan Blvd 1088 Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Arto Valkonen
- Department of Chemistry; University of Jyvaskyla, Nanoscience Center; P. O. Box 35 40014 Jyvaskyla Finland
| | - Kari Rissanen
- Department of Chemistry; University of Jyvaskyla, Nanoscience Center; P. O. Box 35 40014 Jyvaskyla Finland
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Chemistry; Southern University of Science and Technology; Xueyuan Blvd 1088 Shenzhen 518055 China
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35
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Zanichelli V, Bazzoni M, Arduini A, Franchi P, Lucarini M, Ragazzon G, Secchi A, Silvi S. Redox-Switchable Calix[6]arene-Based Isomeric Rotaxanes. Chemistry 2018; 24:12370-12382. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Zanichelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della; Sostenibilità Ambientale; Università di Parma; Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A 43124 Parma Italy
| | - Margherita Bazzoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della; Sostenibilità Ambientale; Università di Parma; Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A 43124 Parma Italy
| | - Arturo Arduini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della; Sostenibilità Ambientale; Università di Parma; Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A 43124 Parma Italy
| | - Paola Franchi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”; Università di Bologna; Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Marco Lucarini
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”; Università di Bologna; Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Giulio Ragazzon
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”; Università di Bologna; Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche; Università di Padova; via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Andrea Secchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della; Sostenibilità Ambientale; Università di Parma; Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A 43124 Parma Italy
| | - Serena Silvi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”; Università di Bologna; Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
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36
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Zanichelli V, Dallacasagrande L, Arduini A, Secchi A, Ragazzon G, Silvi S, Credi A. Electrochemically Triggered Co-Conformational Switching in a [2]catenane Comprising a Non-Symmetric Calix[6]arene Wheel and a Two-Station Oriented Macrocycle. Molecules 2018; 23:E1156. [PMID: 29751658 PMCID: PMC6100520 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Catenanes with desymmetrized ring components can undergo co-conformational rearrangements upon external stimulation and can form the basis for the development of molecular rotary motors. We describe the design, synthesis and properties of a [2]catenane consisting of a macrocycle-the 'track' ring-endowed with two distinct recognition sites (a bipyridinium and an ammonium) for a calix[6]arene-the 'shuttle' ring. By exploiting the ability of the calixarene to thread appropriate non-symmetric axles with directional selectivity, we assembled an oriented pseudorotaxane and converted it into the corresponding oriented catenane by intramolecular ring closing metathesis. Cyclic voltammetric experiments indicate that the calixarene wheel initially surrounds the bipyridinium site, moves away from it when it is reduced, and returns in the original position upon reoxidation. A comparison with appropriate model compounds shows that the presence of the ammonium station is necessary for the calixarene to leave the reduced bipyridinium site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Zanichelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Luca Dallacasagrande
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Arturo Arduini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Andrea Secchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Giulio Ragazzon
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Serena Silvi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
- Center for Light Activated Nanostructures (CLAN), Università di Bologna and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Alberto Credi
- Center for Light Activated Nanostructures (CLAN), Università di Bologna and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari, Università di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
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37
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Abstract
Recent developments in synthetic molecular motors and pumps have sprung from a remarkable confluence of experiment and theory. Synthetic accomplishments have facilitated the ability to design and create molecules, many of them featuring mechanically bonded components, to carry out specific functions in their environment-walking along a polymeric track, unidirectional circling of one ring about another, synthesizing stereoisomers according to an external protocol, or pumping rings onto a long rod-like molecule to form and maintain high-energy, complex, nonequilibrium structures from simpler antecedents. Progress in the theory of nanoscale stochastic thermodynamics, specifically the generalization and extension of the principle of microscopic reversibility to the single-molecule regime, has enhanced the understanding of the design requirements for achieving strong unidirectional motion and high efficiency of these synthetic molecular machines for harnessing energy from external fluctuations to carry out mechanical and/or chemical functions in their environment. A key insight is that the interaction between the fluctuations and the transition state energies plays a central role in determining the steady-state concentrations. Kinetic asymmetry, a requirement for stochastic adaptation, occurs when there is an imbalance in the effect of the fluctuations on the forward and reverse rate constants. Because of strong viscosity, the motions of the machine can be viewed as mechanical equilibrium processes where mechanical resonances are simply impossible but where the probability distributions for the state occupancies and trajectories are very different from those that would be expected at thermodynamic equilibrium.
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38
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Zheng Q, Vilà-Nadal L, Lang Z, Chen JJ, Long DL, Mathieson JS, Poblet JM, Cronin L. Self-Sorting of Heteroanions in the Assembly of Cross-Shaped Polyoxometalate Clusters. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:2595-2601. [PMID: 29359931 PMCID: PMC6075695 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b11982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Heteroanion (HA) moieties have a key role in templating of heteropolyoxometalate (HPA) architectures, but clusters templated by two different templates are rarely reported. Herein, we show how a cross-shaped HPA-based architecture can self-sort the HA templates by pairing two different guests into a divacant {XYW15O54} building block, with four of these building block units being linked together to complete the cross-shaped architecture. We exploited this observation to incorporate HA templates into well-defined positions within the clusters, leading to the isolation of a collection of mixed-HA templated cross-shaped polyanions [(XYW15O54)4(WO2)4]32-/36- (X = H-P, Y = Se, Te, As). The template positions have been unambiguously determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction, NMR spectroscopy, and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry; these studies demonstrated that the mixed template containing HPA clusters are the preferred products which crystallize from the solution. Theoretical studies using DFT calculations suggest that the selective self-sorting originates from the coordination of the template in solution. The cross-shaped polyoxometalate clusters are redox-active, and the ability of molecules to accept electrons is slightly modulated by the HA incorporated as shown by differential pulse voltammetry experiments. These results indicate that the cross-shaped HPAs can be used to select templates from solution, and themselves have interesting geometries, which will be useful in developing functional molecular architectures based upon HPAs with well-defined structures and electronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zheng
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Laia Vilà-Nadal
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Zhongling Lang
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili , c/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jia-Jia Chen
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - De-Liang Long
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer S Mathieson
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Josep M Poblet
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili , c/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Leroy Cronin
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Wen Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu-Chen Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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40
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De Simone NA, Schettini R, Talotta C, Gaeta C, Izzo I, Della Sala G, Neri P. Directing the Cation Recognition Ability of Calix[4]arenes toward Asymmetric Phase-Transfer Catalysis. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Alessandro De Simone
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”; Università di Salerno; Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 84084 Fisciano (Salerno) Italy
| | - Rosaria Schettini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”; Università di Salerno; Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 84084 Fisciano (Salerno) Italy
| | - Carmen Talotta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”; Università di Salerno; Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 84084 Fisciano (Salerno) Italy
| | - Carmine Gaeta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”; Università di Salerno; Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 84084 Fisciano (Salerno) Italy
| | - Irene Izzo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”; Università di Salerno; Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 84084 Fisciano (Salerno) Italy
| | - Giorgio Della Sala
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”; Università di Salerno; Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 84084 Fisciano (Salerno) Italy
| | - Placido Neri
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”; Università di Salerno; Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 84084 Fisciano (Salerno) Italy
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41
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La Manna P, Talotta C, Gaeta C, Soriente A, De Rosa M, Neri P. Threading of an Inherently Directional Calixarene Wheel with Oriented Ammonium Axles. J Org Chem 2017; 82:8973-8983. [PMID: 28799754 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The threading of monostoppered alkylbenzylammonium axles 7+ and 8+ with the calix[6]-wheel 3 can occur by both routes of entering the macrocycle 3 in the cone conformation: passage through the upper rim and the through the lower rim. Thus, under thermodynamic conditions, with both the axles 7+ and 8+, the two possible orientations of calix[2]pseudorotaxane, namely, endo-benzyl and endo-alkyl, are formed by a stereoselectivity controlled by the endo-alkyl rule. Interestingly, by 1H NMR monitoring of the threading process between 8+ and 3, we revealed two calix[2]pseudorotaxane isomers in which the calix-wheel adopts 1,2,3-alternate and cone conformations, which represent the kinetic and thermodynamic species, respectively. Finally, the synthesis of ammonium-based oriented calix[2]rotaxane is here described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pellegrino La Manna
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Carmen Talotta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Carmine Gaeta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Annunziata Soriente
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Margherita De Rosa
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Placido Neri
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
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42
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Zanichelli V, Ragazzon G, Orlandini G, Venturi M, Credi A, Silvi S, Arduini A, Secchi A. Efficient active-template synthesis of calix[6]arene-based oriented pseudorotaxanes and rotaxanes. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:6753-6763. [PMID: 28766652 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob01642e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A substrate can modify its chemical features, including a change of its reactivity, as a consequence of non-covalent interactions upon inclusion within a molecular host. Since the rise of supramolecular chemistry, this phenomenon has stimulated the ingenuity of scientists to emulate the function of enzymes by designing supramolecular systems in which the energetics and selectivity of reactions can be manipulated through programmed host-guest interactions and/or steric confinement. In this paper we investigate how the engulfment of a positively charged pyridinium-based guest inside the π-rich cavity of a tris-(N-phenylureido)calix[6]arene host affects its reactivity towards a SN2 reaction. We found that the alkylation of complexed substrates leads to the formation of pseudorotaxanes and rotaxanes with faster kinetics and higher yields with respect to the standard procedures exploited so far. More importantly, the strategy described here expands the range of efficient synthetic routes for the formation of mechanically interlocked species with a strict control of the mutual orientation of their non-symmetric molecular components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Zanichelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, I-43124 Parma, Italy.
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43
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Shi Q, Han Y, Chen CF. Complexation Between (O-Methyl) 6 -2,6-Helic[6]arene and Tertiary Ammonium Salts: Acid/Base- or Chloride-Ion-Responsive Host-Guest Systems and Synthesis of [2]Rotaxane. Chem Asian J 2017; 12:2576-2582. [PMID: 28703463 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201700857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Complexation between (O-methyl)6 -2,6-helic[6]arene and a series of tertiary ammonium salts was described. It was found that the macrocycle could form stable complexes with the tested aromatic and aliphatic tertiary ammonium salts, which were evidenced by 1 H NMR spectra, ESI mass spectra, and DFT calculations. In particular, the binding and release process of the guests in the complexes could be efficiently controlled by acid/base or chloride ions, which represents the first acid/base- and chloride-ion-responsive host-guest systems based on macrocyclic arenes and protonated tertiary ammonium salts. Moreover, the first 2,6-helic[6]arene-based [2]rotaxane was also synthesized from the condensation between the host-guest complex and isocyanate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ying Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chuan-Feng Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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44
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Gómez-Durán CFA, Liu W, Betancourt-Mendiola MDL, Smith BD. Structural Control of Kinetics for Macrocycle Threading by Fluorescent Squaraine Dye in Water. J Org Chem 2017; 82:8334-8341. [PMID: 28753022 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
While the general concept of steric speed bumps has been demonstrated in rotaxane shuttles and macrocycle threading systems, the sensitivity of speed bump effects has not been evaluated as a function of structural geometry. Values of Ka and kon for macrocycle threading in water are reported for a series of homologous squaraine dyes with different substituents (speed bumps) on the flanking chains and two macrocycles with different cavity sizes. Sensitivity to a steric speed bump effect was found to depend on (a) structural location, being lowest when the speed bump was near the end of a flanking chain, and (b) macrocycle cavity size, which was enhanced when the cavity was constricted. This new insight is broadly applicable to many types of molecular threading systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- César F A Gómez-Durán
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame , 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, South Bend, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Wenqi Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame , 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, South Bend, Indiana 46556, United States
| | | | - Bradley D Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame , 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, South Bend, Indiana 46556, United States
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45
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De Rosa M, Talotta C, Gaeta C, Soriente A, Neri P, Pappalardo S, Gattuso G, Notti A, Parisi MF, Pisagatti I. Calix[5]arene Through-the-Annulus Threading of Dialkylammonium Guests Weakly Paired to the TFPB Anion. J Org Chem 2017; 82:5162-5168. [PMID: 28426214 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Through-the-annulus threading of calix[5]arene penta-O-ethers by dialkylammonium cations coupled to the loosely coordinating superweak TFPB- anion has been achieved. 1H NMR titration data show that preorganization of the calix[5]arene scaffold leads to great thermodynamic stability of the pseudorotaxane complexes as well as to a favorable threading kinetic. Thus, calix[5]arene 1c, bearing tert-butyl groups at the wide rim, was threaded by all of the cations under study (with the exception of the dibenzylammonium 2b+) more tightly than the other derivatives under investigation (Ka's up to 2.02 ± 0.2 × 105 M-1) because of its preorganized cone conformation. According to DFT calculations, van der Waals interactions between the tert-butyl groups of 1c and the alkyl chain of the cationic axle are likely responsible for the remarkable stability observed. The threading of the calix[5]arene wheels with the asymmetric pentylbenzylammonium axle 2c+ led to the toposelective formation of the endo-pentylpseudorotaxane stereoisomer in agreement with the known "endo-alkyl rule". Owing to the steric hindrance of the axle phenyl group, the threading of the guest was seen to occur in a unidirectional fashion through the calixarene narrow rim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita De Rosa
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Carmen Talotta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Carmine Gaeta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Annunziata Soriente
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Placido Neri
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Sebastiano Pappalardo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania , Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gattuso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina , Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Anna Notti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina , Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Melchiorre F Parisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina , Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Ilenia Pisagatti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina , Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
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Host-guest interaction of 3-hydroxyflavone and 7-hydroxyflavone with cucurbit [7]uril: A spectroscopic and calorimetric approach. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 168:132-141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 01/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Orlandini G, Ragazzon G, Zanichelli V, Degli Esposti L, Baroncini M, Silvi S, Venturi M, Credi A, Secchi A, Arduini A. Plugging a Bipyridinium Axle into Multichromophoric Calix[6]arene Wheels Bearing Naphthyl Units at Different Rims. ChemistryOpen 2017; 6:64-72. [PMID: 28168152 PMCID: PMC5288757 DOI: 10.1002/open.201600128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tris-(N-phenylureido)-calix[6]arene derivatives are heteroditopic non-symmetric molecular hosts that can form pseudorotaxane complexes with 4,4'-bipyridinium-type guests. Owing to the unique structural features and recognition properties of the calix[6]arene wheel, these systems are of interest for the design and synthesis of novel molecular devices and machines. We envisaged that the incorporation of photoactive units in the calixarene skeleton could lead to the development of systems the working modes of which can be governed and monitored by means of light-activated processes. Here, we report on the synthesis, structural characterization, and spectroscopic, photophysical, and electrochemical investigation of two calix[6]arene wheels decorated with three naphthyl groups anchored to either the upper or lower rim of the phenylureido calixarene platform. We found that the naphthyl units interact mutually and with the calixarene skeleton in a different fashion in the two compounds, which thus exhibit a markedly distinct photophysical behavior. For both hosts, the inclusion of a 4,4'-bipyridinium guest activates energy- and/or electron-transfer processes that lead to non-trivial luminescence changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Orlandini
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di ParmaParco Area delle Scienze 17A43124ParmaItaly
| | - Giulio Ragazzon
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”and Interuniversity Center for the Chemical Conversion of Solar EnergyBologna UnitUniversità di BolognaVia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly
| | - Valeria Zanichelli
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di ParmaParco Area delle Scienze 17A43124ParmaItaly
| | - Lorenzo Degli Esposti
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”and Interuniversity Center for the Chemical Conversion of Solar EnergyBologna UnitUniversità di BolognaVia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly
| | - Massimo Baroncini
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”and Interuniversity Center for the Chemical Conversion of Solar EnergyBologna UnitUniversità di BolognaVia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly
| | - Serena Silvi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”and Interuniversity Center for the Chemical Conversion of Solar EnergyBologna UnitUniversità di BolognaVia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly
| | - Margherita Venturi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”and Interuniversity Center for the Chemical Conversion of Solar EnergyBologna UnitUniversità di BolognaVia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly
| | - Alberto Credi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentariUniversità di Bolognaviale Fanin 5040127BolognaItaly
| | - Andrea Secchi
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di ParmaParco Area delle Scienze 17A43124ParmaItaly
| | - Arturo Arduini
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di ParmaParco Area delle Scienze 17A43124ParmaItaly
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48
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Orlandini G, Groppi J, Secchi A, Arduini A, Kilburn JD. Electrochemical Response of the Threading/de-threading Process of Calix[6]arene-based Pseudorotaxanes Anchored on Glassy Carbon Electrodes. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.12.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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49
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Orlandini G, Ragazzon G, Zanichelli V, Secchi A, Silvi S, Venturi M, Arduini A, Credi A. Covalent capture of oriented calix[6]arene rotaxanes by a metal-free active template approach. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:6172-6174. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc02859h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A rotaxane with predetermined orientation of its nonsymmetric components is obtained by a rim-selective active template effect exerted by a calix[6]arene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Orlandini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale
- Università di Parma
- I-43124 Parma
- Italy
| | - Giulio Ragazzon
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”
- Università di Bologna
- 40126 Bologna
- Italy
| | - Valeria Zanichelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale
- Università di Parma
- I-43124 Parma
- Italy
| | - Andrea Secchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale
- Università di Parma
- I-43124 Parma
- Italy
| | - Serena Silvi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”
- Università di Bologna
- 40126 Bologna
- Italy
| | - Margherita Venturi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”
- Università di Bologna
- 40126 Bologna
- Italy
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività
| | - Arturo Arduini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale
- Università di Parma
- I-43124 Parma
- Italy
| | - Alberto Credi
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche
- 40129 Bologna
- Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari
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50
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Moerkerke S, Malytskyi V, Marcélis L, Wouters J, Jabin I. Selective recognition of quaternary ammonium ions and zwitterions by using a biomimetic bis-calix[6]arene-based receptor. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:8967-8974. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02031g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A biomimetic bis-calix[6]arene binds cationic and zwitterionic species with a high selectivity for carbamylcholine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Moerkerke
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)
- B-1050 Brussels
- Belgium
| | - Volodymyr Malytskyi
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)
- B-1050 Brussels
- Belgium
| | - Lionel Marcélis
- Engineering of Molecular NanoSystems
- Ecole polytechnique de Bruxelles
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)
- B-1050 Brussels
- Belgium
| | - Johan Wouters
- Département de Chimie
- Université de Namur (UNamur)
- B-5000 Namur
- Belgium
| | - Ivan Jabin
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)
- B-1050 Brussels
- Belgium
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