1
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Li T, Mao J, Zhang S, Ma Q, Chen Y, Yuan Y, Jia X. Organic Bases as the Organic Electron Donors (OED) Promoted Reductive Coupling of Diarylhalomethanes: Halogens Controlled Construction of Tetraarylethylenes and Tetraarylethanes. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 39219496 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Using the organic base as the organic electron donors, the reductive coupling of diaryhalomethanes was smoothly achieved under transition-metal-free reaction conditions, giving a series of synthetically important tetraarylethylenes and tetraarylethanes in high yields. The mechanistic study revealed that the organic bases acting as the electron donor initiated the generation of a radical intermediate, realizing the construction of tetraarylethylene and tetraarylethane skeletons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Li
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, China
| | - Jie Mao
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, China
| | - Shuwei Zhang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, China
| | - Qiyuan Ma
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, China
| | - Yuqin Chen
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, China
| | - Yu Yuan
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, China
| | - Xiaodong Jia
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, China
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2
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Koo J, Kim W, Jhun BH, Park S, Song D, You Y, Lee HG. Halogen Atom Transfer-Induced Homolysis of C-F Bonds by the Excited-State Boryl Radical. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:22874-22880. [PMID: 39093360 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c06337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
A novel reactivity toward C-F bond functionalization has been developed, which could be designated as fluorine atom transfer (FAT). A photoexcited state of an N-heterocyclic carbene-ligated boryl radical exhibits a transcendent reactivity, capable of activating chemically inert carbon-fluorine bonds through homolysis. Combined experimental and computational studies suggest that the ligated boryl radical species directly abstracts a fluorine atom from the organofluoride substrates to provide valuable carbon-centered radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jangwoo Koo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Weonjeong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Hak Jhun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Subin Park
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dayoon Song
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmin You
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Geun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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3
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Li T, Sun Z, Zhang S, Ma Q, Chen Y, Yuan Y, Jia X. Single-Electron Reduction of "Push-Pull" C-C Single Bond and Decyanation Using Tertiary Amines as the Organic Electron Donor. J Org Chem 2024; 89:2516-2524. [PMID: 38319086 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Using commercially available tertiary amines as an organic electron donor (OED), the reduction of "push-pull" C-C single bond and reductive decyanation of tetrahydroisoquinolines were realized. These reactions exhibited higher reaction efficiency and better functional group tolerance compared with those of metallic reductants, and the mechanistic study indicated that a radical intermediate was involved in the reduction of the C-C single bond, which provides a new way to the OED-enabled mild reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Li
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zheng Sun
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, Jiangsu, China
- Economic Development Bureau, Jiangsu Hangji Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone, Yangzhou 225111, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuwei Zhang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiyuan Ma
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuqin Chen
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Yuan
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaodong Jia
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, Jiangsu, China
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4
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Tian X, Liu Y, Yakubov S, Schütte J, Chiba S, Barham JP. Photo- and electro-chemical strategies for the activations of strong chemical bonds. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:263-316. [PMID: 38059728 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00581f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The employment of light and/or electricity - alternatively to conventional thermal energy - unlocks new reactivity paradigms as tools for chemical substrate activations. This leads to the development of new synthetic reactions and a vast expansion of chemical spaces. This review summarizes recent developments in photo- and/or electrochemical activation strategies for the functionalization of strong bonds - particularly carbon-heteroatom (C-X) bonds - via: (1) direct photoexcitation by high energy UV light; (2) activation via photoredox catalysis under irradiation with relatively lower energy UVA or blue light; (3) electrochemical reduction; (4) combination of photocatalysis and electrochemistry. Based on the types of the targeted C-X bonds, various transformations ranging from hydrodefunctionalization to cross-coupling are covered with detailed discussions of their reaction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhai Tian
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Yuliang Liu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore.
| | - Shahboz Yakubov
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Jonathan Schütte
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Shunsuke Chiba
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore.
| | - Joshua P Barham
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany.
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5
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Jiang S, Wang W, Mou C, Zou J, Jin Z, Hao G, Chi YR. Facile access to benzofuran derivatives through radical reactions with heteroatom-centered super-electron-donors. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7381. [PMID: 37968279 PMCID: PMC10651860 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43198-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of suitable electron donors is critical to single-electron-transfer (SET) processes. The use of heteroatom-centered anions as super-electron-donors (SEDs) for direct SET reactions has rarely been studied. Here we show that heteroatom anions can be applied as SEDs to initiate radical reactions for facile synthesis of 3-substituted benzofurans. Phosphines, thiols and anilines bearing different substitution patterns work well in this inter-molecular radical coupling reaction and the 3-functionalized benzofuran products bearing heteroatomic functionalities are given in moderate to excellent yields. The reaction mechanism is elucidated via control experiments and computational methods. The afforded products show promising applications in both organic synthesis and pesticide development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichun Jiang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Wei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Chengli Mou
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Juan Zou
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Zhichao Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Gefei Hao
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore.
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6
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Antoni PW, Golz C, Hansmann MM. Organic Four-Electron Redox Systems Based on Bipyridine and Phenanthroline Carbene Architectures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203064. [PMID: 35298870 PMCID: PMC9325510 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Novel organic redox systems that display multistage redox behaviour are highly sought-after for a series of applications such as organic batteries or electrochromic materials. Here we describe a simple strategy to transfer well-known two-electron redox active bipyridine and phenanthroline architectures into novel strongly reducing four-electron redox systems featuring fully reversible redox events with up to five stable oxidation states. We give spectroscopic and structural insight into the changes involved in the redox-events and present characterization data on all isolated oxidation states. The redox-systems feature strong UV/Vis/NIR polyelectrochromic properties such as distinct strong NIR absorptions in the mixed valence states. Two-electron charge-discharge cycling studies indicate high electrochemical stability at strongly negative potentials, rendering the new redox architectures promising lead structures for multi-electron anolyte materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick W. Antoni
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische BiologieTechnische Universität DortmundOtto-Hahn-Str.644227DortmundGermany
| | - Christopher Golz
- Georg-August Universität GöttingenInstitut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieTammannstr. 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Max M. Hansmann
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische BiologieTechnische Universität DortmundOtto-Hahn-Str.644227DortmundGermany
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7
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Antoni PW, Golz C, Hansmann MM. Organic Four‐Electron Redox Systems Based on Bipyridine and Phenanthroline Carbene Architectures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick W. Antoni
- TU Dortmund: Technische Universitat Dortmund Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie GERMANY
| | - Christopher Golz
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen: Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie GERMANY
| | - Max M. Hansmann
- TU Dortmund: Technische Universitat Dortmund Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie Otto-Hahn Str.6 44227 Dortmund GERMANY
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8
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Mandigma MJP, Žurauskas J, MacGregor CI, Edwards LJ, Shahin A, d'Heureuse L, Yip P, Birch DJS, Gruber T, Heilmann J, John MP, Barham JP. An organophotocatalytic late-stage N-CH 3 oxidation of trialkylamines to N-formamides with O 2 in continuous flow. Chem Sci 2022; 13:1912-1924. [PMID: 35308839 PMCID: PMC8849051 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05840a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We report an organophotocatalytic, N-CH3-selective oxidation of trialkylamines in continuous flow. Based on the 9,10-dicyanoanthracene (DCA) core, a new catalyst (DCAS) was designed with solubilizing groups for flow processing. This allowed O2 to be harnessed as a sustainable oxidant for late-stage photocatalytic N-CH3 oxidations of complex natural products and active pharmaceutical ingredients bearing functional groups not tolerated by previous methods. The organophotocatalytic gas-liquid flow process affords cleaner reactions than in batch mode, in short residence times of 13.5 min and productivities of up to 0.65 g per day. Spectroscopic and computational mechanistic studies showed that catalyst derivatization not only enhanced solubility of the new catalyst compared to poorly-soluble DCA, but profoundly diverted the photocatalytic mechanism from singlet electron transfer (SET) reductive quenching with amines toward energy transfer (EnT) with O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark John P Mandigma
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Jonas Žurauskas
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Callum I MacGregor
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage SG1 2NY UK
| | - Lee J Edwards
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage SG1 2NY UK
| | - Ahmed Shahin
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Germany
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University 13518 Benha Egypt
| | - Ludwig d'Heureuse
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Philip Yip
- Department of Physics, SUPA, University of Strathclyde 107 Rottenrow East Glasgow G4 0NG UK
| | - David J S Birch
- Department of Physics, SUPA, University of Strathclyde 107 Rottenrow East Glasgow G4 0NG UK
| | - Thomas Gruber
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Jörg Heilmann
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Matthew P John
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage SG1 2NY UK
| | - Joshua P Barham
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Germany
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9
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Ivanov KS, Riesebeck T, Skolyapova A, Liakisheva I, Kazantsev MS, Sonina AA, Peshkov RY, Mostovich EA. P 2O 5-Promoted Cyclization of Di[aryl(hetaryl)methyl] Malonic Acids as a Pathway to Fused Spiro[4.4]nonane-1,6-Diones. J Org Chem 2022; 87:2456-2469. [PMID: 35166542 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Conventional spiro-linked conjugated materials are attractive for organic optoelectronic applications due to the unique combination of their optical and electronic properties. However, spiro-linked conjugated materials with conjugation extension directed along the main axis of the molecule are still only rare examples among the vast number of spiro-linked conjugated materials. Herein, the synthesis, leading to π-extended spiro-linked conjugated materials─spiro[4.4]nonane-1,6-diones and spiro[5.5]undecane-1,7-diones─has been developed and optimized. The proposed design concept starts from readily available malonic esters and contains several steps: double alkylation of malonic ester with bromomethylaryl(hetaryl)s; conversion of a malonic ester into the corresponding malonic acid; electrophilic spirocyclization of the latter into the annulated spiro[4.4]nonane-1,6-dione or spiro[5.5]undecane-1,7-dione in the presence of phosphorus pentoxide. On the basis of these insights, the developed method yielded spiro-linked conjugated cores fused with benzene, thiophene, and naphthalene, decorated with active halogen atoms. The structures of the synthesized spirocycles were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Benzene fused spiro[4.4]nonane-1,6-dione decorated with bromine atoms was transformed into V-shape phenylene-thiophene co-oligomer type spirodimers via Stille coupling. The spiro-bis(4-n-dodecylphenyl)-2,2'-bithiophene derivative possessed high photoluminescence properties in both solution and solid state with a photoluminescence quantum yield (PL QY) of 38%.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tim Riesebeck
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | | | - Irina Liakisheva
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Maxim S Kazantsev
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.,N. N. Vorozhtzov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, Lavrent'ev Ave, 9, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Alina A Sonina
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.,N. N. Vorozhtzov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, Lavrent'ev Ave, 9, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Roman Yu Peshkov
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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10
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Tian X, Karl TA, Reiter S, Yakubov S, de Vivie‐Riedle R, König B, Barham JP. Electro-mediated PhotoRedox Catalysis for Selective C(sp 3 )-O Cleavages of Phosphinated Alcohols to Carbanions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:20817-20825. [PMID: 34165861 PMCID: PMC8518744 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202105895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We report a novel example of electro-mediated photoredox catalysis (e-PRC) in the reductive cleavage of C(sp3 )-O bonds of phosphinated alcohols to alkyl carbanions. As well as deoxygenations, olefinations are reported which are E-selective and can be made Z-selective in a tandem reduction/photosensitization process where both steps are photoelectrochemically promoted. Spectroscopy, computation, and catalyst structural variations reveal that our new naphthalene monoimide-type catalyst allows for an intimate dispersive precomplexation of its radical anion form with the phosphinate substrate, facilitating a reactivity-determining C(sp3 )-O cleavage. Surprisingly and in contrast to previously reported photoexcited radical anion chemistries, our conditions tolerate aryl chlorides/bromides and do not give rise to Birch-type reductions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhai Tian
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of RegensburgUniversitätsstr. 3193053RegensburgGermany
| | - Tobias A. Karl
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of RegensburgUniversitätsstr. 3193053RegensburgGermany
| | | | - Shahboz Yakubov
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of RegensburgUniversitätsstr. 3193053RegensburgGermany
| | | | - Burkhard König
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of RegensburgUniversitätsstr. 3193053RegensburgGermany
| | - Joshua P. Barham
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of RegensburgUniversitätsstr. 3193053RegensburgGermany
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11
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Zhao Y, Rollet M, Charles L, Canard G, Gigmes D, Vanelle P, Broggi J. Switching from Single to Simultaneous Free‐Radical and Anionic Polymerization with Enamine‐Based Organic Electron Donors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202106733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Zhao
- Aix Marseille Univ CNRS Institut de Chimie Radicalaire (ICR) 13013 Marseille France
| | - Marion Rollet
- Aix Marseille Univ CNRS Institut de Chimie Radicalaire (ICR) 13013 Marseille France
| | - Laurence Charles
- Aix Marseille Univ CNRS Institut de Chimie Radicalaire (ICR) 13013 Marseille France
| | - Gabriel Canard
- Aix Marseille Univ CNRS Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM) 13288 Marseille France
| | - Didier Gigmes
- Aix Marseille Univ CNRS Institut de Chimie Radicalaire (ICR) 13013 Marseille France
| | - Patrice Vanelle
- Aix Marseille Univ CNRS Institut de Chimie Radicalaire (ICR) 13013 Marseille France
| | - Julie Broggi
- Aix Marseille Univ CNRS Institut de Chimie Radicalaire (ICR) 13013 Marseille France
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12
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Tian X, Karl TA, Reiter S, Yakubov S, Vivie‐Riedle R, König B, Barham JP. Electro‐mediated PhotoRedox Catalysis for Selective C(sp
3
)–O Cleavages of Phosphinated Alcohols to Carbanions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202105895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xianhai Tian
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Regensburg Universitätsstr. 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Tobias A. Karl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Regensburg Universitätsstr. 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | | | - Shahboz Yakubov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Regensburg Universitätsstr. 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | | | - Burkhard König
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Regensburg Universitätsstr. 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Joshua P. Barham
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Regensburg Universitätsstr. 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
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13
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Zhao Y, Rollet M, Charles L, Canard G, Gigmes D, Vanelle P, Broggi J. Switching from Single to Simultaneous Free-Radical and Anionic Polymerization with Enamine-Based Organic Electron Donors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:19389-19396. [PMID: 34157792 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Although most monomers can polymerize through different propagation pathways, polymerization-initiating systems that can switch from one mode to another are rare. In this study, we demonstrate that enamine-based organic electron donors (OEDs) constitute the first systems able to initiate either free-radical or anionic polymerization under simple, mild, and safe conditions. While direct electron-transfer reduction of monomers by OEDs results in the initiation of anionic chain-growth polymerization, introduction of a competing oxidant with a higher reduction potential than the monomer switches the former anionic propagation to a clean radical-propagation process. The benefit of this dual-mode activator is highlighted in the synthesis of an interpenetrating polymer network through simultaneous initiation of radical and anionic propagation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Zhao
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire (ICR), 13013, Marseille, France
| | - Marion Rollet
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire (ICR), 13013, Marseille, France
| | - Laurence Charles
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire (ICR), 13013, Marseille, France
| | - Gabriel Canard
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), 13288, Marseille, France
| | - Didier Gigmes
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire (ICR), 13013, Marseille, France
| | - Patrice Vanelle
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire (ICR), 13013, Marseille, France
| | - Julie Broggi
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire (ICR), 13013, Marseille, France
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14
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Frenette BL, Arsenault N, Walker SL, Decken A, Dyker CA. Bis(Iminophosphorano)-Substituted Pyridinium Ions and their Corresponding Bispyridinylidene Organic Electron Donors. Chemistry 2021; 27:8528-8536. [PMID: 33834560 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Optimized synthetic procedures for pyridinium ions featuring iminophosphorano (-N=PR3 ; R=Ph, Cy) π-donor substituents in the 2- and 4- positions are described. Crystallographic and theoretical studies reveal that the strongly donating substituents severely polarize the π-electrons of the pyridyl ring at the expense of aromaticity. Moreover, the pyridinium ions are readily deprotonated to generate powerful bispyridinylidene (BPY) organic electron donors. Electrochemical studies show exceptionally low redox potentials for the two-electron BPY/BPY2+ couples, ranging from -1.71 V vs the saturated calomel electrode for 3PhPh (with four Ph3 P=N- groups) to -1.85 V for 3CyCy (with four Cy3 P=N- groups). These new compounds represent the most reducing neutral organic electron donors (OEDs) currently known. Some preliminary reductions involving 3CyCy showed enhanced capability owing to its low redox potential, such as the thermally activated reduction of an aryl chloride, but purification challenges were often encountered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon L Frenette
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Nadine Arsenault
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Sarah L Walker
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Andreas Decken
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - C Adam Dyker
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3, Canada
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15
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Hasegawa E, Nakamura S, Oomori K, Tanaka T, Iwamoto H, Wakamatsu K. Competitive Desulfonylative Reduction and Oxidation of α-Sulfonylketones Promoted by Photoinduced Electron Transfer with 2-Hydroxyaryl-1,3-dimethylbenzimidazolines under Air. J Org Chem 2021; 86:2556-2569. [PMID: 33492136 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Desulfonylation reactions of α-sulfonylketones promoted by photoinduced electron transfer with 2-hydroxyarylbenzimidazolines (BIH-ArOH) were investigated. Under aerobic conditions, photoexcited 2-hydroxynaphthylbenzimidazoline (BIH-NapOH) promotes competitive reduction (forming alkylketones) and oxidation (producing α-hydroxyketones) of sulfonylketones through pathways involving the intermediacy of α-ketoalkyl radicals. The results of an examination of the effects of solvents, radical trapping reagents, substituents of sulfonylketones, and a variety of hydroxyaryl- and aryl-benzimidazolines (BIH-ArOH and BIH-Ar) suggest that the oxidation products are produced by dissociation of α-ketoalkyl radicals from the initially formed solvent-caged radical ion pairs followed by reaction with molecular oxygen. In addition, the observations indicate that the reduction products are generated by proton or hydrogen atom transfer in solvent-caged radical ion pairs derived from benzimidazolines and sulfonylketones. The results also suggest that arylsulfinate anions arising by carbon-sulfur bond cleavage of sulfonylketone radical anions act as reductants in the oxidation pathway to convert initially formed α-hydroperoxyketones to α-hydroxyketones. Finally, density functional theory calculations were performed to explore the structures and properties of radical ions of sulfonylketones as well as BIH-NapOH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eietsu Hasegawa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Shyota Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Kazuki Oomori
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Hajime Iwamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Kan Wakamatsu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridaicho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-0005, Japan
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16
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Tintori G, Fall A, Assani N, Zhao Y, Bergé-Lefranc D, Redon S, Vanelle P, Broggi J. Generation of powerful organic electron donors by water-assisted decarboxylation of benzimidazolium carboxylates. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01488e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In situ and easy generation of organic electron donors from water-activation of carboxylate precursors allows OED-promoted intermolecular radical addition reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Tintori
- Aix Marseille Univ
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie Radicalaire ICR
- Faculté de Pharmacie
- 13005 Marseille
| | - Arona Fall
- Aix Marseille Univ
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie Radicalaire ICR
- Faculté de Pharmacie
- 13005 Marseille
| | - Nadhrata Assani
- Aix Marseille Univ
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie Radicalaire ICR
- Faculté de Pharmacie
- 13005 Marseille
| | - Yuxi Zhao
- Aix Marseille Univ
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie Radicalaire ICR
- Faculté de Pharmacie
- 13005 Marseille
| | | | - Sébastien Redon
- Aix Marseille Univ
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie Radicalaire ICR
- Faculté de Pharmacie
- 13005 Marseille
| | - Patrice Vanelle
- Aix Marseille Univ
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie Radicalaire ICR
- Faculté de Pharmacie
- 13005 Marseille
| | - Julie Broggi
- Aix Marseille Univ
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie Radicalaire ICR
- Faculté de Pharmacie
- 13005 Marseille
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17
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Richard NA, Khor CK, Hetherington SM, Mills SL, Decken A, Dyker CA. Iminophosphorano-Substituted Bispyridinylidenes: Redox Potentials and Substituent Constants from Tolman Electronic Parameters. Chemistry 2020; 26:17371-17375. [PMID: 33022780 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bispyridinylidenes (BPYs) have emerged as an important class of neutral organic electron donors, with redox potentials that vary widely with choice of substituent. Methods to predict the effect of substitution on the redox potential are therefore highly desirable. Here we show that the redox potential of BPYs featuring iminophosphorano substituents (R3 P=N-), which represent the most reducing class of BPYs, can be predicted based on the well-known Tolman electronic parameter (TEP) for the respective phosphine fragment (R3 P). Moreover, building on earlier work relating redox potentials to Hammett-type substituent constants, it is now possible to quantitatively predict σp + values for iminophosphorano substituents from TEP values. These results provide a path for precisely tailoring redox potentials of iminophosphorano-substituted BPYs, but also give quantitative descriptors for how these highly versatile iminophosphorano substituents can impact the properties of any molecular scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Richard
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Chun Keat Khor
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Sydney M Hetherington
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Scott L Mills
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Andreas Decken
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - C Adam Dyker
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3, Canada
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18
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Glaser F, Larsen CB, Kerzig C, Wenger OS. Aryl dechlorination and defluorination with an organic super-photoreductant. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2020; 19:1035-1041. [PMID: 32588869 DOI: 10.1039/d0pp00127a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Direct excitation of the commercially available super-electron donor tetrakis(dimethylamino)ethylene (TDAE) with light-emitting diodes at 440 or 390 nm provides a stoichiometric reductant that is able to reduce aryl chlorides and fluorides. The method is very simple and requires only TDAE, substrate, and solvent at room temperature. The photoactive excited state of TDAE has a lifetime of 17.3 ns in cyclohexane at room temperature and an oxidation potential of ca.-3.4 V vs. SCE. This makes TDAE one of the strongest photoreductants able to operate on the basis of single excitation with visible photons. Direct substrate activation occurs in benzene, but acetone is reduced by photoexcited TDAE and substrate reduction takes place by a previously unexplored solvent radical anion mechanism. Our work shows that solvent can have a leveling effect on the photochemically available redox power, reminiscent of the pH-leveling effect that solvent has in acid-base chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Glaser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christopher B Larsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Kerzig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver S Wenger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.
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19
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Cui Y, Xiang L, Wang J, Li C, Hao W, Ye Q. Storage and release of two electrons from an electron-rich carbon-carbon bond: boron mediated reversible coupling of DMAP and 9-azajulolidine. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:6794-6797. [PMID: 32432259 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc01575j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This manuscript describes the preparation of [{(dpp-bian)BBr}Li(DME)3] (2, dpp-bian = 1,2-bis[(2,6-diisopropylphenyl) imino]acenaphthene) and [{(dpp-bian)BL}+Br-] (5, L = DMAP; 6, L = 9-azajulolidine). The 4,4-coupling of DMAP and 2,2-coupling of 9-azajulolidine can be achieved either by the reaction of 2 with L, or by one-electron reduction of borenium cations 5 and 6. Oxidation of 3 and 4 leads to C-C cleavage and regeneration of 5 and 6. All new compounds have been structurally characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunshu Cui
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055 Shenzhen, P. R. China.
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20
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Ortiz Zacarías NV, van Veldhoven JPD, den Hollander LS, Dogan B, Openy J, Hsiao YY, Lenselink EB, Heitman LH, IJzerman AP. Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Triazolopyrimidinone Derivatives as Noncompetitive, Intracellular Antagonists for CC Chemokine Receptors 2 and 5. J Med Chem 2019; 62:11035-11053. [PMID: 31742400 PMCID: PMC6935887 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
![]()
CC chemokine receptors 2 (CCR2) and 5 (CCR5) are involved
in many
inflammatory diseases; however, most CCR2 and CCR5 clinical candidates
have been unsuccessful. (Pre)clinical evidence suggests that dual
CCR2/CCR5 inhibition might be more effective in the treatment of such
multifactorial diseases. In this regard, the highly conserved intracellular
binding site in chemokine receptors provides a new avenue for the
design of multitarget ligands. In this study, we synthesized and evaluated
the biological activity of a series of triazolopyrimidinone
derivatives in CCR2 and CCR5. Radioligand binding assays first showed
that they bind to the intracellular site of CCR2, and in combination
with functional assays on CCR5, we explored structure–affinity/activity
relationships in both receptors. Although most compounds were CCR2-selective, 39 and 43 inhibited β-arrestin recruitment
in CCR5 with high potency. Moreover, these compounds displayed an
insurmountable mechanism of inhibition in both receptors, which holds
promise for improved efficacy in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V Ortiz Zacarías
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research , Leiden University , P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Jacobus P D van Veldhoven
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research , Leiden University , P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Lisa S den Hollander
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research , Leiden University , P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Burak Dogan
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research , Leiden University , P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Joseph Openy
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research , Leiden University , P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Ya-Yun Hsiao
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research , Leiden University , P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Eelke B Lenselink
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research , Leiden University , P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Laura H Heitman
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research , Leiden University , P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan P IJzerman
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research , Leiden University , P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden , The Netherlands
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21
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Beddoe RH, Andrews KG, Magné V, Cuthbertson JD, Saska J, Shannon-Little AL, Shanahan SE, Sneddon HF, Denton RM. Redox-neutral organocatalytic Mitsunobu reactions. Science 2019; 365:910-914. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aax3353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Nucleophilic substitution reactions of alcohols are among the most fundamental and strategically important transformations in organic chemistry. For over half a century, these reactions have been achieved by using stoichiometric, and often hazardous, reagents to activate the otherwise unreactive alcohols. Here, we demonstrate that a specially designed phosphine oxide promotes nucleophilic substitution reactions of primary and secondary alcohols in a redox-neutral catalysis manifold that produces water as the sole by-product. The scope of the catalytic coupling process encompasses a range of acidic pronucleophiles that allow stereospecific construction of carbon-oxygen and carbon-nitrogen bonds.
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22
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Rohrbach S, Shah RS, Tuttle T, Murphy JA. Neutral Organic Super Electron Donors Made Catalytic. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:11454-11458. [PMID: 31222953 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201905814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neutral organic super electron donors (SEDs) display impressive reducing power but, until now, it has not been possible to use them catalytically in radical chain reactions. This is because, following electron transfer, these donors form persistent radical cations that trap substrate-derived radicals. This paper unlocks a conceptually new approach to super electron donors that overcomes this issue, leading to the first catalytic neutral organic super electron donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Rohrbach
- Dept. of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Rushabh S Shah
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Tell Tuttle
- Dept. of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - John A Murphy
- Dept. of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
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23
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Rohrbach S, Shah RS, Tuttle T, Murphy JA. Neutral Organic Super Electron Donors Made Catalytic. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201905814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Rohrbach
- Dept. of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Rushabh S. Shah
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage SG1 2NY UK
| | - Tell Tuttle
- Dept. of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - John A. Murphy
- Dept. of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL UK
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24
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Tang S, Zhang X, Sun J, Niu D, Chruma JJ. 2-Azaallyl Anions, 2-Azaallyl Cations, 2-Azaallyl Radicals, and Azomethine Ylides. Chem Rev 2018; 118:10393-10457. [PMID: 30302999 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This review covers the use of 2-azaallyl anions, 2-azaallyl cations, and 2-azaallyl radicals in organic synthesis up through June 2018. Particular attention is paid to both foundational studies and recent advances over the past decade involving semistabilized and nonstabilized 2-azaallyl anions as key intermediates in various carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bond-forming processes. Both transition-metal-catalyzed and transition-metal-free transformations are covered. Azomethine ylides, which have received significant attention elsewhere, are discussed briefly with the primary focus on critical comparisons with 2-azaallyl anions in regard to generation and use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojian Tang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology (MOE), College of Chemistry, Sino-British Materials Research Institute, College of Physical Sciences & Technology, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan 610064 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology (MOE), College of Chemistry, Sino-British Materials Research Institute, College of Physical Sciences & Technology, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan 610064 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayue Sun
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology (MOE), College of Chemistry, Sino-British Materials Research Institute, College of Physical Sciences & Technology, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan 610064 , People's Republic of China
| | - Dawen Niu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology (MOE), College of Chemistry, Sino-British Materials Research Institute, College of Physical Sciences & Technology, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan 610064 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jason J Chruma
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology (MOE), College of Chemistry, Sino-British Materials Research Institute, College of Physical Sciences & Technology, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan 610064 , People's Republic of China
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25
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Lei Y, Yang J, Qi R, Wang S, Wang R, Xu Z. Arylation of benzyl amines with aromatic nitriles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:11881-11884. [PMID: 30283923 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc06408c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In the past years, the activations of aromatic nitriles for radical arylations under photoirradiation have been developed. We here report the first example of radical arylations using aromatic nitriles without the assistance of photoirradiation. Importantly, with this method, the direct arylation of C(sp3)-H in benzyl amines provided a practical method for the synthesis of diarylmethylamines without the use of precious transition metal catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Lei
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, The Institute of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Ju Yang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, The Institute of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Rupeng Qi
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, The Institute of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Shan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, The Institute of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, The Institute of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Zhaoqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, The Institute of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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26
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Reduction of nitroarenes, azoarenes and hydrazine derivatives by an organic super electron donor. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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27
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Martin JD, Dyker CA. Facile preparation and isolation of neutral organic electron donors based on 4-dimethylaminopyridine. CAN J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2017-0526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A number of new neutral bis-2-(4-dimethylamino)pyridinylidene electron donors featuring N-akyl groups of varying lengths (propyl, butyl, hexyl, dodecyl) have been prepared from 4-dimethylaminopyridine by means of a simple two-step procedure. Each derivative could be isolated in high yield and could be stored indefinitely under inert atmosphere. The electron donors were chemically oxidized to the corresponding bipyridinium ions, and all compounds were characterized by NMR spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. As an emerging class of electron transfer agents, the availability of the isolated neutral bispyridinylidenes should be beneficial for cases that are incompatible with generating the electron donor in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien D. Martin
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick, P.O. Box 4400, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick, P.O. Box 4400, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - C. Adam Dyker
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick, P.O. Box 4400, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick, P.O. Box 4400, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada
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28
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Peng L, Li Z, Yin G. Photochemical Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive Migratory Cross-Coupling of Alkyl Bromides with Aryl Bromides. Org Lett 2018; 20:1880-1883. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Long Peng
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China
| | - Zheqi Li
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China
| | - Guoyin Yin
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China
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29
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Zhang L, Jiao L. Super electron donors derived from diboron. Chem Sci 2018; 9:2711-2722. [PMID: 29732055 PMCID: PMC5911971 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc00008e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-electron transfer is an important process in organic chemistry, in which a single-electron reductant (electron donor) acts as a key component. Compared with metal-based electron donors, organic electron donors have some unique advantages, such as tunable reduction ability and mild reaction conditions. The development of novel organic electron donors with good reduction ability together with ease of preparation is in high demand. Based on the pyridine-catalyzed radical borylation reaction developed in our laboratory, we have discovered that, the reaction system consisting of a diboron(4) compound, methoxide and a pyridine derivative could smoothly produce super electron donors in situ. Two boryl-pyridine based species, the major one being a trans-2H,2'H-[2,2'-bipyridine]-1,1'-diide borate complex and the minor one being a pyridine radical anion-borate complex, were observed and carefully characterized. These complexes were found to be organic super electron donors unprecedented in literature, and their formation mechanisms were studied by DFT calculations. The diboron/methoxide/pyridine system enables the preparation of organic super electron donors from easily accessible starting materials under mild conditions, which has the potential to be a general and practical single-electron reducing agent in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS) , Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 10084 , China .
| | - Lei Jiao
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS) , Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 10084 , China .
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30
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Tintori G, Nabokoff P, Buhaibeh R, Bergé-Lefranc D, Redon S, Broggi J, Vanelle P. Base-Free Generation of Organic Electron Donors from Air-Stable Precursors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:3148-3153. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201713079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Tintori
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS; Institut de Chimie Radicalaire ICR; Faculté de Pharmacie; Marseille France
| | - Pierre Nabokoff
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS; Institut de Chimie Radicalaire ICR; Faculté de Pharmacie; Marseille France
| | - Ruqaya Buhaibeh
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS; Institut de Chimie Radicalaire ICR; Faculté de Pharmacie; Marseille France
| | - David Bergé-Lefranc
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD; Laboratoire IMBE UMR 7263; Faculté de Pharmacie; Marseille France
| | - Sébastien Redon
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS; Institut de Chimie Radicalaire ICR; Faculté de Pharmacie; Marseille France
| | - Julie Broggi
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS; Institut de Chimie Radicalaire ICR; Faculté de Pharmacie; Marseille France
| | - Patrice Vanelle
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS; Institut de Chimie Radicalaire ICR; Faculté de Pharmacie; Marseille France
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31
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Tintori G, Nabokoff P, Buhaibeh R, Bergé-Lefranc D, Redon S, Broggi J, Vanelle P. Base-Free Generation of Organic Electron Donors from Air-Stable Precursors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201713079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Tintori
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS; Institut de Chimie Radicalaire ICR; Faculté de Pharmacie; Marseille France
| | - Pierre Nabokoff
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS; Institut de Chimie Radicalaire ICR; Faculté de Pharmacie; Marseille France
| | - Ruqaya Buhaibeh
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS; Institut de Chimie Radicalaire ICR; Faculté de Pharmacie; Marseille France
| | - David Bergé-Lefranc
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD; Laboratoire IMBE UMR 7263; Faculté de Pharmacie; Marseille France
| | - Sébastien Redon
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS; Institut de Chimie Radicalaire ICR; Faculté de Pharmacie; Marseille France
| | - Julie Broggi
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS; Institut de Chimie Radicalaire ICR; Faculté de Pharmacie; Marseille France
| | - Patrice Vanelle
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS; Institut de Chimie Radicalaire ICR; Faculté de Pharmacie; Marseille France
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32
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Cumine F, Zhou S, Tuttle T, Murphy JA. A study of diketopiperazines as electron-donor initiators in transition metal-free haloarene-arene coupling. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 15:3324-3336. [PMID: 28362016 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00036g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Several diketopiperazines have been shown to promote carbon-carbon coupling between benzene and aryl halides in the presence of potassium tert-butoxide and without the assistance of a transition metal catalyst. The structure of the diketopiperazine has an influence on its reductive potential and can help to promote the coupling of the more challenging aryl bromides with benzene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florimond Cumine
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K.
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33
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Mandal D, Dolai R, Chrysochos N, Kalita P, Kumar R, Dhara D, Maiti A, Narayanan RS, Rajaraman G, Schulzke C, Chandrasekhar V, Jana A. Stepwise Reversible Oxidation of N-Peralkyl-Substituted NHC–CAAC Derived Triazaalkenes: Isolation of Radical Cations and Dications. Org Lett 2017; 19:5605-5608. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b02721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Debdeep Mandal
- TIFR Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences Hyderabad, 21, Brundavan Colony, Narsingi, Hyderabad 500075, India
| | - Ramapada Dolai
- TIFR Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences Hyderabad, 21, Brundavan Colony, Narsingi, Hyderabad 500075, India
| | - Nicolas Chrysochos
- Institut
für Biochemie, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt Universität Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 4, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Pankaj Kalita
- School
of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhimpur-Padampur, Jatni, Khurda, Bhubaneswar 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Ravi Kumar
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Debabrata Dhara
- TIFR Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences Hyderabad, 21, Brundavan Colony, Narsingi, Hyderabad 500075, India
| | - Avijit Maiti
- TIFR Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences Hyderabad, 21, Brundavan Colony, Narsingi, Hyderabad 500075, India
| | | | - Gopalan Rajaraman
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Carola Schulzke
- Institut
für Biochemie, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt Universität Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 4, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Vadapalli Chandrasekhar
- TIFR Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences Hyderabad, 21, Brundavan Colony, Narsingi, Hyderabad 500075, India
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Anukul Jana
- TIFR Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences Hyderabad, 21, Brundavan Colony, Narsingi, Hyderabad 500075, India
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34
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Smith AJ, Young A, Rohrbach S, O'Connor EF, Allison M, Wang HS, Poole DL, Tuttle T, Murphy JA. Electron-Transfer and Hydride-Transfer Pathways in the Stoltz-Grubbs Reducing System (KOtBu/Et3SiH). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201707914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Smith
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; University of Strathclyde; 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Allan Young
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; University of Strathclyde; 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Simon Rohrbach
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; University of Strathclyde; 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Erin F. O'Connor
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; University of Strathclyde; 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Mark Allison
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; University of Strathclyde; 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Hong-Shuang Wang
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; University of Strathclyde; 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Darren L. Poole
- Flexible Discovery Unit; GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre; Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage SG1 2NY UK
| | - Tell Tuttle
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; University of Strathclyde; 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - John A. Murphy
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; University of Strathclyde; 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL UK
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35
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Smith AJ, Young A, Rohrbach S, O'Connor EF, Allison M, Wang HS, Poole DL, Tuttle T, Murphy JA. Electron-Transfer and Hydride-Transfer Pathways in the Stoltz-Grubbs Reducing System (KOtBu/Et 3 SiH). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:13747-13751. [PMID: 28892585 PMCID: PMC5656899 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201707914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies by Stoltz, Grubbs et al. have shown that triethylsilane and potassium tert-butoxide react to form a highly attractive and versatile system that shows (reversible) silylation of arenes and heteroarenes as well as reductive cleavage of C-O bonds in aryl ethers and C-S bonds in aryl thioethers. Their extensive mechanistic studies indicate a complex network of reactions with a number of possible intermediates and mechanisms, but their reactions likely feature silyl radicals undergoing addition reactions and SH 2 reactions. This paper focuses on the same system, but through computational and experimental studies, reports complementary facets of its chemistry based on a) single-electron transfer (SET), and b) hydride delivery reactions to arenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Smith
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Allan Young
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Simon Rohrbach
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Erin F O'Connor
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Mark Allison
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Hong-Shuang Wang
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Darren L Poole
- Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Tell Tuttle
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - John A Murphy
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
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36
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Su Y, Li Y, Ganguly R, Kinjo R. Crystalline boron-linked tetraaminoethylene radical cations. Chem Sci 2017; 8:7419-7423. [PMID: 29163893 PMCID: PMC5674142 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc03528d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Boron-linked tetraaminoethylene radical cations has been isolated.
Single-electron oxidation of neutral boryl-linked tetraaminoethylene derivatives 4 led to the formation of radical cations 4˙+, which have been isolated and fully characterized. X-ray diffraction analysis, EPR spectroscopy, and computational studies revealed that the unpaired electron is delocalized over the B2N4C2 skeleton and the spin density mainly resides on the carbon and boron atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanting Su
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry , School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , Nanyang Link 21 , Singapore 637371 .
| | - Yongxin Li
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry , School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , Nanyang Link 21 , Singapore 637371 .
| | - Rakesh Ganguly
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry , School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , Nanyang Link 21 , Singapore 637371 .
| | - Rei Kinjo
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry , School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , Nanyang Link 21 , Singapore 637371 .
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37
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Melaimi M, Jazzar R, Soleilhavoup M, Bertrand G. Cyclische Alkylaminocarbene (CAACs): Neues von guten Bekannten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201702148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohand Melaimi
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory, UMI 3555, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
| | - Rodolphe Jazzar
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory, UMI 3555, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
| | - Michèle Soleilhavoup
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory, UMI 3555, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
| | - Guy Bertrand
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory, UMI 3555, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
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38
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Melaimi M, Jazzar R, Soleilhavoup M, Bertrand G. Cyclic (Alkyl)(amino)carbenes (CAACs): Recent Developments. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:10046-10068. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201702148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 507] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohand Melaimi
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory, UMI 3555, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
| | - Rodolphe Jazzar
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory, UMI 3555, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
| | - Michèle Soleilhavoup
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory, UMI 3555, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
| | - Guy Bertrand
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory, UMI 3555, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
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39
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Mattalia JMR. The reductive decyanation reaction: an overview and recent developments. Beilstein J Org Chem 2017; 13:267-284. [PMID: 28326136 PMCID: PMC5331330 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.13.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This review presents an overview of the reductive decyanation reaction with a special interest for recent developments. This transformation allows synthetic chemists to take advantages of the nitrile functional group before its removal. Mechanistic details and applications to organic synthesis are provided.
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40
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Munz D, Chu J, Melaimi M, Bertrand G. NHC‐CAAC Heterodimers with Three Stable Oxidation States. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201607537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Munz
- Joint UCSD-CNRS Research Chemistry Laboratory (UMI 3555) Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
| | - Jiaxiang Chu
- Joint UCSD-CNRS Research Chemistry Laboratory (UMI 3555) Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
| | - Mohand Melaimi
- Joint UCSD-CNRS Research Chemistry Laboratory (UMI 3555) Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
| | - Guy Bertrand
- Joint UCSD-CNRS Research Chemistry Laboratory (UMI 3555) Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
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41
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Munz D, Chu J, Melaimi M, Bertrand G. NHC‐CAAC Heterodimers with Three Stable Oxidation States. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:12886-90. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201607537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Munz
- Joint UCSD-CNRS Research Chemistry Laboratory (UMI 3555) Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
| | - Jiaxiang Chu
- Joint UCSD-CNRS Research Chemistry Laboratory (UMI 3555) Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
| | - Mohand Melaimi
- Joint UCSD-CNRS Research Chemistry Laboratory (UMI 3555) Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
| | - Guy Bertrand
- Joint UCSD-CNRS Research Chemistry Laboratory (UMI 3555) Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
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42
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43
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Walton JC. Synthetic Strategies for 5- and 6-Membered Ring Azaheterocycles Facilitated by Iminyl Radicals. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21050660. [PMID: 27213311 PMCID: PMC6273063 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21050660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The totality of chemical space is so immense that only a small fraction can ever be explored. Computational searching has indicated that bioactivity is associated with a comparatively small number of ring-containing structures. Pyrrole, indole, pyridine, quinoline, quinazoline and related 6-membered ring-containing aza-arenes figure prominently. This review focuses on the search for fast, efficient and environmentally friendly preparative methods for these rings with specific emphasis on iminyl radical-mediated procedures. Oxime derivatives, particularly oxime esters and oxime ethers, are attractive precursors for these radicals. Their use is described in conventional thermolytic, microwave-assisted and UV-vis based preparative procedures. Photoredox-catalyzed protocols involving designer oxime ethers are also covered. Choice can be made amongst these synthetic strategies for a wide variety of 5- and 6-membered ring heterocycles including phenanthridine and related aza-arenes. Applications to selected natural products and bioactive molecules, including trispheridine, vasconine, luotonin A and rutaecarpine, are included.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Walton
- University of St. Andrews, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK.
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44
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Broggi J, Rollet M, Clément JL, Canard G, Terme T, Gigmes D, Vanelle P. Polymerization Initiated by Organic Electron Donors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:5994-9. [PMID: 27061743 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201600327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Polymerization reactions with organic electron donors (OED) as initiators are presented herein. The metal-free polymerization of various activated alkene and cyclic ester monomers was performed in short reaction times, under mild conditions, with small amounts of organic reducing agents, and without the need for co-initiators or activation by photochemical, electrochemical, or other methods. Hence, OED initiators enabled the development of an efficient, rapid, room-temperature process that meets the technical standards expected for industrial processes, such as energy savings, cost-effectiveness and safety. Mechanistic investigations support an electron-transfer initiation pathway that leads to the reduction of the monomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Broggi
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, 13013, Marseille, France. .,Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LPCR (ICR), 13005, Marseille, France.
| | - Marion Rollet
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, 13013, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CROPS (ICR), 13013, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Louis Clément
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, 13013, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CROPS (ICR), 13013, Marseille, France
| | - Gabriel Canard
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CINaM UMR 7325, 13009, Marseille, France
| | - Thierry Terme
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, 13013, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LPCR (ICR), 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Didier Gigmes
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, 13013, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CROPS (ICR), 13013, Marseille, France
| | - Patrice Vanelle
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, 13013, Marseille, France. .,Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LPCR (ICR), 13005, Marseille, France.
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45
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Broggi J, Rollet M, Clément J, Canard G, Terme T, Gigmes D, Vanelle P. Polymerization Initiated by Organic Electron Donors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201600327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Broggi
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273 13013 Marseille France
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LPCR (ICR) 13005 Marseille France
| | - Marion Rollet
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273 13013 Marseille France
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CROPS (ICR) 13013 Marseille France
| | - Jean‐Louis Clément
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273 13013 Marseille France
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CROPS (ICR) 13013 Marseille France
| | - Gabriel Canard
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CINaM UMR 7325 13009 Marseille France
| | - Thierry Terme
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273 13013 Marseille France
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LPCR (ICR) 13005 Marseille France
| | - Didier Gigmes
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273 13013 Marseille France
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CROPS (ICR) 13013 Marseille France
| | - Patrice Vanelle
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273 13013 Marseille France
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LPCR (ICR) 13005 Marseille France
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46
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Paulsen MH, Engqvist M, Ausbacher D, Strøm MB, Bayer A. Efficient and scalable synthesis of α,α-disubstituted β-amino amides. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:7570-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01219a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A scalable synthesis of α,α-disubstituted β-amino amides comprising the chemoselective reduction of a nitrile group in presence of amides and aryl halides is described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Magnus Engqvist
- Department of Chemistry
- UiT – The Arctic University of Norway
- NO-9037 Tromsø
- Norway
| | - Dominik Ausbacher
- Department of Pharmacy
- UiT – The Arctic University of Norway
- NO-9037 Tromsø
- Norway
| | - Morten Bøhmer Strøm
- Department of Pharmacy
- UiT – The Arctic University of Norway
- NO-9037 Tromsø
- Norway
| | - Annette Bayer
- Department of Chemistry
- UiT – The Arctic University of Norway
- NO-9037 Tromsø
- Norway
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47
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Reddy MD, Watkins EB. Palladium-Catalyzed Direct Arylation of C(sp3)–H Bonds of α-Cyano Aliphatic Amides. J Org Chem 2015; 80:11447-59. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b02138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Damoder Reddy
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Union University, Jackson, Tennessee 38305, United States
| | - E. Blake Watkins
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Union University, Jackson, Tennessee 38305, United States
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48
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An improved solvent-free system for the microwave-assisted decarboxylation of malonate derivatives based on the use of imidazole. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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49
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Hanson SS, Doni E, Traboulsee KT, Coulthard G, Murphy JA, Dyker CA. Pushing the Limits of Neutral Organic Electron Donors: A Tetra(iminophosphorano)-Substituted Bispyridinylidene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201505378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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50
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Hanson SS, Doni E, Traboulsee KT, Coulthard G, Murphy JA, Dyker CA. Pushing the limits of neutral organic electron donors: a tetra(iminophosphorano)-substituted bispyridinylidene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [PMID: 26213345 PMCID: PMC4581462 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201505378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
A new ground-state organic electron donor has been prepared that features four strongly π-donating iminophosphorano substituents on a bispyridinylidene skeleton. Cyclic voltammetry reveals a record redox potential of −1.70 V vs. saturated calomel electrode (SCE) for the couple involving the neutral organic donor and its dication. This highly reducing organic compound can be isolated (44 %) or more conveniently generated in situ by a deprotonation reaction involving its readily prepared pyridinium ion precursor. This donor is able to reduce a variety of aryl halides, and, owing to its redox potential, was found to be the first organic donor to be effective in the thermally induced reductive S–N bond cleavage of N,N-dialkylsulfonamides, and reductive hydrodecyanation of malonitriles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel S Hanson
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3 (Canada)
| | - Eswararao Doni
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL (UK)
| | - Kyle T Traboulsee
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3 (Canada)
| | - Graeme Coulthard
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL (UK)
| | - John A Murphy
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL (UK).
| | - C Adam Dyker
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3 (Canada).
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