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Ali A, Stefàno E, De Castro F, Ciccarella G, Rovito G, Marsigliante S, Muscella A, Benedetti M, Fanizzi FP. Synthesis, Characterization, and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Novel Water-Soluble Cationic Platinum(II) Organometallic Complexes with Phenanthroline and Imidazolic Ligands. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401064. [PMID: 38703115 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Platinum-based chemotherapeutic agents are widely used in the treatment of cancer. However, their effectiveness is limited by severe adverse reactions, drug resistance, and poor water solubility. This study focuses on the synthesis and characterization of new water-soluble cationic monofunctional platinum(II) complexes starting from the [PtCl(η1-C2H4OEt)(phen)] (1, phen=1,10-phenanthroline) precursor, specifically [Pt(NH3)(η1-C2H4OEt)(phen)]Cl (2), [Pt(1-hexyl-1H-imidazole)(η1-C2H4OEt)(phen)]Cl (3), and [Pt(1-hexyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole)(η1-C2H4OEt)(phen)]Cl (4), which deviate from traditional requirements for antitumor activity. These complexes were evaluated for their cytotoxic effects in comparison to cisplatin, using immortalized cervical adenocarcinoma cells (HeLa), human renal carcinoma cells (Caki-1), and normal human renal cells (HK-2). While complex 2 showed minimal effects on the cell lines, complexes 3 and 4 demonstrated higher cytotoxicity than cisplatin. Notably, complex 4 displayed the highest cytotoxicity in both cancer and normal cell lines. However, complex 3 exhibited the highest selectivity for renal tumor cells (Caki-1) among the tested complexes, compared to healthy cells (HK-2). This resulted in a significantly higher selectivity than that of cisplatin and complex 4. Therefore, complex 3 shows potential as a leading candidate for the development of a new generation of platinum-based anticancer drugs, utilizing biocompatible imidazole ligands while demonstrating promising anticancer properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asjad Ali
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Erika Stefàno
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Federica De Castro
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ciccarella
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Gianluca Rovito
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Santo Marsigliante
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Antonella Muscella
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Michele Benedetti
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Fanizzi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100, Lecce, Italy
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2
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Tagari EV, Sifnaiou E, Tsolis T, Garoufis A. The Influence of the Auxiliary Ligand in Monofunctional Pt(II) Anticancer Complexes on the DNA Backbone. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6526. [PMID: 38928230 PMCID: PMC11203703 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Monofunctional platinum complexes offer a promising alternative to cisplatin in cancer chemotherapy, showing a unique mechanism of action. Their ability to induce minor helix distortions effectively inhibits DNA transcription. In our study, we synthesized and characterized three monofunctional Pt(II) complexes with the general formula [Pt(en)(L)Cl]NO3, where en = ethylenediamine, and L = pyridine (py), 2-methylpyridine (2-mepy), and 2-phenylpyridine (2-phpy). The hydrolysis rates of [Pt(en)(py)Cl]NO3 (1) and [Pt(en)(2-mepy)Cl]NO3 (2) decrease with the bulkiness of the auxiliary ligand with k(1) = 2.28 ± 0.15 × 10-4 s-1 and k(2) = 8.69 ± 0.98 × 10-5 s-1 at 298 K. The complex [Pt(en)(2-phpy)Cl]Cl (3) demonstrated distinct behavior. Upon hydrolysis, an equilibrium (Keq = 0.385 mM) between the complexes [Pt(en)(2-phpy)Cl]+ and [Pt(en)(2-phpy-H+)]+ was observed with no evidence (NMR or HR-ESI-MS) for the presence of the aquated complex [Pt(en)(2-phpy)(H2O)]2+. Despite the kinetic similarities between phenanthriplatin and (2), complexes (1) and (2) exhibit minimal activity against A549 lung cancer cell line (IC50 > 100 μΜ), whereas complex (3) exhibits notable cytotoxicity (IC50 = 41.11 ± 2.1 μΜ). In examining the DNA binding of (1) and (2) to the DNA model guanosine (guo), we validated their binding through guoN7, which led to an increased population of the C3'-endo sugar conformation, as expected. However, we observed that the rapid transition 2E (C2'-endo) ↔ 3E (C3'-endo), in the case of [Pt(en)(py)(guo)](NO3)2 ([1-guo]), slows down in the case of [Pt(en)(2-mepy)(guo)](NO3)2 ([2-guo]), resulting in separate signals for the two conformers in the 1H NMR spectra. This phenomenon arises from the steric hindrance between the methyl group of pyridine and the sugar moiety of guanosine. Notably, this hindrance is absent in [2-(9-MeG)] (9-MeG = 9-methylguanine), probably due to the absence of a bulky sugar unit in 9-MeG. In the case of (3), where the bulkiness of the substitution on the pyridine is further increased by a phenyl group, we observed a notable proximity between 9-MeGH8 and the phenyl ring of 2-phpy. Considering that only (3) exhibited good cytotoxicity against the A549 cancer cell line, it is suggested that auxiliary ligands, L, with an extended aromatic system and proper orientation in complexes of the type cis-[Pt(en)(L)Cl]NO3, may enhance the cytotoxic activity of such complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evanthia-Vasiliki Tagari
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (E.-V.T.); (E.S.); (T.T.)
| | - Evangelia Sifnaiou
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (E.-V.T.); (E.S.); (T.T.)
| | - Theodoros Tsolis
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (E.-V.T.); (E.S.); (T.T.)
| | - Achilleas Garoufis
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (E.-V.T.); (E.S.); (T.T.)
- Institute of Materials Science and Computing, University Research Centre of Ioannina (URCI), 45110 Ioannina, Greece
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3
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He X, Yu J, Yin R, Huang Y, Zhang P, Xiao C, Chen X. An AIEgen and Iodine Double-Ornamented Platinum(II) Complex for Bimodal Imaging-Guided Chemo-Photodynamic Combination Therapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2309894. [PMID: 38308168 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Real-time biodistribution monitoring and enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of platinum(II)-based anticancer drugs are urgently required to elevate their clinical performance. Herein, a tetraphenylethene derivative (TP) with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties and an iodine atom are selected as ligands to endow platinum (II) complex TP-Pt-I with real-time in vivo self-tracking ability by fluorescence (FL) and computerized tomography (CT) imaging, and improved anticancer efficacy by the combination of chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy. Especially, benefiting from the formation of a donor-acceptor-donor structure between the AIE photosensitizer TP and Pt-I moiety, the heavy atom effects of Pt and I, and the presence of I, TP-Pt-I displayed red-shifted absorption and emission wavelengths, enhanced ROS generation efficiency, and improved CT imaging capacity compared with the pristine TP and the control agent TP-Pt-Cl. As a result, the enhanced intratumoral accumulation of TP-Pt-I loaded nanoparticles is readily revealed by dual-modal FL and CT imaging with high contrast. Meanwhile, the TP-Pt-I nanoparticles show significantly improved tumor growth-inhibiting effects on an MCF-7 xenograft murine model by combining the chemotherapeutic effects of platinum(II) and the photodynamic effects of TP. This self-tracking therapeutic complex thus provides a new strategy for improving the therapeutic outcomes of platinum(II)-based anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xidong He
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Renyong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yubin Huang
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P.R. China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Chunsheng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Xuesi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
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4
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O’Dowd PD, Guerrero AS, Alley KR, Pigg HC, O’Neill F, Meiller J, Hobbs C, Rodrigues DA, Twamley B, O’Sullivan F, DeRose VJ, Griffith DM. Click-Capable Phenanthriplatin Derivatives as Tools to Study Pt(II)-Induced Nucleolar Stress. ACS Chem Biol 2024; 19:875-885. [PMID: 38483263 PMCID: PMC11040607 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
It is well established that oxaliplatin, one of the three Pt(II) anticancer drugs approved worldwide, and phenanthriplatin, an important preclinical monofunctional Pt(II) anticancer drug, possess a different mode of action from that of cisplatin and carboplatin, namely, the induction of nucleolar stress. The exact mechanisms that lead to Pt-induced nucleolar stress are, however, still poorly understood. As such, studies aimed at better understanding the biological targets of both oxaliplatin and phenanthriplatin are urgently needed to expand our understanding of Pt-induced nucleolar stress and guide the future design of Pt chemotherapeutics. One approach that has seen great success in the past is the use of Pt-click complexes to study the biological targets of Pt drugs. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of the first examples of click-capable phenanthriplatin complexes. Furthermore, through monitoring the relocalization of nucleolar proteins, RNA transcription levels, and DNA damage repair biomarker γH2AX, and by investigating their in vitro cytotoxicity, we show that these complexes successfully mimic the cellular responses observed for phenanthriplatin treatment in the same experiments. The click-capable phenanthriplatin derivatives described here expand the existing library of Pt-click complexes. Significantly they are suitable for studying nucleolar stress mechanisms and further elucidating the biological targets of Pt complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D. O’Dowd
- Department
of Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons
in Ireland, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
- SSPC, The Science Foundation Ireland Research
Centre for
Pharmaceuticals, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Andres S. Guerrero
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Katelyn R. Alley
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Hannah C. Pigg
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Fiona O’Neill
- Life
Science Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin D09 V209, Ireland
| | - Justine Meiller
- Life
Science Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin D09 V209, Ireland
| | - Chloe Hobbs
- Department
of Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons
in Ireland, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Daniel A. Rodrigues
- Department
of Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons
in Ireland, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Brendan Twamley
- Department
of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Finbarr O’Sullivan
- Life
Science Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin D09 V209, Ireland
| | - Victoria J. DeRose
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Darren M. Griffith
- Department
of Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons
in Ireland, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
- SSPC, The Science Foundation Ireland Research
Centre for
Pharmaceuticals, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
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5
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Gao S, Hou P, Oh J, Wang D, Greenberg MM. Molecular Mechanism of RNA Polymerase II Transcriptional Mutagenesis by the Epimerizable DNA Lesion, Fapy·dG. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:6274-6282. [PMID: 38393762 PMCID: PMC10932878 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Oxidative DNA lesions cause significant detrimental effects on a living species. Two major DNA lesions resulting from dG oxidation, 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OxodGuo) and formamidopyrimidine (Fapy·dG), are produced from a common chemical intermediate. Fapy·dG is formed in comparable yields under oxygen-deficient conditions. Replicative bypass of Fapy·dG in human cells is more mutagenic than that of 8-OxodGuo. Despite the biological importance of transcriptional mutagenesis, there are no reports of the effects of Fapy·dG on RNA polymerase II (Pol II) activity. Here we perform comprehensive kinetic studies to investigate the impact of Fapy·dG on three key transcriptional fidelity checkpoint steps by Pol II: insertion, extension, and proofreading steps. The ratios of error-free versus error-prone incorporation opposite Fapy·dG are significantly reduced in comparison with undamaged dG. Similarly, Fapy·dG:A mispair is extended with comparable efficiency as that of the error-free, Fapy·dG:C base pair. The α- and β-configurational isomers of Fapy·dG have distinct effects on Pol II insertion and extension. Pol II can preferentially cleave error-prone products by proofreading. To further understand the structural basis of transcription processing of Fapy·dG, five different structures were solved, including Fapy·dG template-loading state (apo), error-free cytidine triphosphate (CTP) binding state (prechemistry), error-prone ATP binding state (prechemistry), error-free Fapy·dG:C product state (postchemistry), and error-prone Fapy·dG:A product state (postchemistry), revealing distinctive nucleotide binding and product states. Taken together, our study provides a comprehensive mechanistic framework for better understanding how Fapy·dG lesions impact transcription and subsequent pathological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijun Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Peini Hou
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Juntaek Oh
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Regulatory Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Wang
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Marc M Greenberg
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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6
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Chang C, Zhou G, Gao Y. In crystallo observation of active site dynamics and transient metal ion binding within DNA polymerases. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2023; 10:034702. [PMID: 37333512 PMCID: PMC10275647 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
DNA polymerases are the enzymatic catalysts that synthesize DNA during DNA replication and repair. Kinetic studies and x-ray crystallography have uncovered the overall kinetic pathway and led to a two-metal-ion dependent catalytic mechanism. Diffusion-based time-resolved crystallography has permitted the visualization of the catalytic reaction at atomic resolution and made it possible to capture transient events and metal ion binding that have eluded static polymerase structures. This review discusses past static structures and recent time-resolved structures that emphasize the crucial importance of primer alignment and different metal ions binding during catalysis and substrate discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yang Gao
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:. Tel.: +1 (713) 348-2619
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7
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Duan T, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Lu X, Ma L, Sun B, Zhang FL. Visible light-induced direct and metal-free synthesis of phenanthridines from biphenylaldehyde and inorganic ammonium salts. Tetrahedron Lett 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2023.154476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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8
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Villamizar–Mogotocoro A, Kouznetsov VV. Simple and efficient microwave-assisted synthesis of new N-biphenyl cinnamamides/3-arylpropanamides and C6-substituted phenanthridines. Tetrahedron Lett 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2023.154461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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9
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Porębska D, Orzeł Ł, Rutkowska-Żbik D, Stochel G, van Eldik R. Synthesis and characterization of cyanocobalamin conjugates with Pt(II) complexes towards potential therapeutic applications. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2022.116230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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10
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Li X, Cao G, Liu X, Tang TS, Guo C, Liu H. Polymerases and DNA Repair in Neurons: Implications in Neuronal Survival and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:852002. [PMID: 35846567 PMCID: PMC9279898 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.852002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Most of the neurodegenerative diseases and aging are associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) or other intracellular damaging agents that challenge the genome integrity of the neurons. As most of the mature neurons stay in G0/G1 phase, replication-uncoupled DNA repair pathways including BER, NER, SSBR, and NHEJ, are pivotal, efficient, and economic mechanisms to maintain genomic stability without reactivating cell cycle. In these progresses, polymerases are prominent, not only because they are responsible for both sensing and repairing damages, but also for their more diversified roles depending on the cell cycle phase and damage types. In this review, we summarized recent knowledge on the structural and biochemical properties of distinct polymerases, including DNA and RNA polymerases, which are known to be expressed and active in nervous system; the biological relevance of these polymerases and their interactors with neuronal degeneration would be most graphically illustrated by the neurological abnormalities observed in patients with hereditary diseases associated with defects in DNA repair; furthermore, the vicious cycle of the trinucleotide repeat (TNR) and impaired DNA repair pathway is also discussed. Unraveling the mechanisms and contextual basis of the role of the polymerases in DNA damage response and repair will promote our understanding about how long-lived postmitotic cells cope with DNA lesions, and why disrupted DNA repair contributes to disease origin, despite the diversity of mutations in genes. This knowledge may lead to new insight into the development of targeted intervention for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Li
- Nano-Biotechnology Key Lab of Hebei Province, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Xiaoling Li
| | - Guanghui Cao
- Nano-Biotechnology Key Lab of Hebei Province, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Xiaokang Liu
- Nano-Biotechnology Key Lab of Hebei Province, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Tie-Shan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Caixia Guo
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Caixia Guo
| | - Hongmei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China
- Hongmei Liu
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11
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Liu B, Wu J, Geerts M, Markovitch O, Pappas CG, Liu K, Otto S. Out-of-Equilibrium Self-Replication Allows Selection for Dynamic Kinetic Stability in a System of Competing Replicators. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202117605. [PMID: 35179808 PMCID: PMC9314957 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202117605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Among the key characteristics of living systems are their ability to self‐replicate and the fact that they exist in an open system away from equilibrium. Herein, we show how the outcome of the competition between two self‐replicators, differing in size and building block composition, is different depending on whether the experiments are conducted in a closed vial or in an open and out‐of‐equilibrium replication–destruction regime. In the closed system, the slower replicator eventually prevails over the faster competitor. In a replication‐destruction regime, implemented through a flow system, the outcome of the competition is reversed and the faster replicator dominates. The interpretation of the experimental observations is supported by a mass‐action‐kinetics model. These results represent one of the few experimental manifestations of selection among competing self‐replicators based on dynamic kinetic stability and pave the way towards Darwinian evolution of abiotic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Juntian Wu
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Geerts
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Omer Markovitch
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Origins Center, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Charalampos G Pappas
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kai Liu
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sijbren Otto
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
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12
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Oh J, Jia T, Xu J, Chong J, Dervan PB, Wang D. RNA polymerase II trapped on a molecular treadmill: Structural basis of persistent transcriptional arrest by a minor groove DNA binder. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2114065119. [PMID: 35022237 PMCID: PMC8784135 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2114065119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Elongating RNA polymerase II (Pol II) can be paused or arrested by a variety of obstacles. These obstacles include DNA lesions, DNA-binding proteins, and small molecules. Hairpin pyrrole-imidazole (Py-Im) polyamides bind to the minor groove of DNA in a sequence-specific manner and induce strong transcriptional arrest. Remarkably, this Py-Im-induced Pol II transcriptional arrest is persistent and cannot be rescued by transcription factor TFIIS. In contrast, TFIIS can effectively rescue the transcriptional arrest induced by a nucleosome barrier. The structural basis of Py-Im-induced transcriptional arrest and why TFIIS cannot rescue this arrest remain elusive. Here we determined the X-ray crystal structures of four distinct Pol II elongation complexes (Pol II ECs) in complex with hairpin Py-Im polyamides as well as of the hairpin Py-Im polyamides-dsDNA complex. We observed that the Py-Im oligomer directly interacts with RNA Pol II residues, introduces compression of the downstream DNA duplex, prevents Pol II forward translocation, and induces Pol II backtracking. These results, together with biochemical studies, provide structural insight into the molecular mechanism by which Py-Im blocks transcription. Our structural study reveals why TFIIS fails to promote Pol II bypass of Py-Im-induced transcriptional arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntaek Oh
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Tiezheng Jia
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Jun Xu
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Jenny Chong
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Peter B Dervan
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125;
| | - Dong Wang
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093;
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
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13
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Agapov A, Olina A, Kulbachinskiy A. OUP accepted manuscript. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:3018-3041. [PMID: 35323981 PMCID: PMC8989532 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular DNA is continuously transcribed into RNA by multisubunit RNA polymerases (RNAPs). The continuity of transcription can be disrupted by DNA lesions that arise from the activities of cellular enzymes, reactions with endogenous and exogenous chemicals or irradiation. Here, we review available data on translesion RNA synthesis by multisubunit RNAPs from various domains of life, define common principles and variations in DNA damage sensing by RNAP, and consider existing controversies in the field of translesion transcription. Depending on the type of DNA lesion, it may be correctly bypassed by RNAP, or lead to transcriptional mutagenesis, or result in transcription stalling. Various lesions can affect the loading of the templating base into the active site of RNAP, or interfere with nucleotide binding and incorporation into RNA, or impair RNAP translocation. Stalled RNAP acts as a sensor of DNA damage during transcription-coupled repair. The outcome of DNA lesion recognition by RNAP depends on the interplay between multiple transcription and repair factors, which can stimulate RNAP bypass or increase RNAP stalling, and plays the central role in maintaining the DNA integrity. Unveiling the mechanisms of translesion transcription in various systems is thus instrumental for understanding molecular pathways underlying gene regulation and genome stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksei Agapov
- Correspondence may also be addressed to Aleksei Agapov. Tel: +7 499 196 0015; Fax: +7 499 196 0015;
| | - Anna Olina
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute” Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - Andrey Kulbachinskiy
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +7 499 196 0015; Fax: +7 499 196 0015;
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14
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Natarajan P, Chuskit D, Priya, Manjeet. 9,10‐Phenanthrenedione‐Catalyzed, Visible‐Light‐Promoted Radical Intramolecular Cyclization of N‐Biarylglycine Esters: One‐Pot synthesis of Phenanthridine‐6‐Carboxylates. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Palani Natarajan
- Department of Chemistry & Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry Panjab University Chandigarh 160014 India
| | - Deachen Chuskit
- Department of Chemistry & Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry Panjab University Chandigarh 160014 India
| | - Priya
- Department of Chemistry & Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry Panjab University Chandigarh 160014 India
| | - Manjeet
- Department of Chemistry Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology Hisar Haryana India
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15
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Research progress of azido-containing Pt(IV) antitumor compounds. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 227:113927. [PMID: 34695775 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a long-known incurable disease, and the medical use of cisplatin has been a significant discovery. However, the side-effects of cisplatin necessitate the development of new and improved drug. Therefore, in this study, we focused on the photoactivatable Pt(IV) compounds Pt[(X1)(X2)(Y1)(Y2)(N3)2], which have a completely novel mechanism of action. Pt(IV) can efficiently overcome the side-effects of cisplatin and other drugs. Here, we have demonstrated, summarized and discussed the effects and mechanism of these compounds. Compared to the relevant articles in the literature, we have provided a more detailed introduction and a made comprehensive classification of these compounds. We believe that our results can effectively provide a reference for the development of these drugs.
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16
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Hernández‐Ruiz R, Rubio‐Presa R, Suárez‐Pantiga S, Pedrosa MR, Fernández‐Rodríguez MA, Tapia MJ, Sanz R. Mo-Catalyzed One-Pot Synthesis of N-Polyheterocycles from Nitroarenes and Glycols with Recycling of the Waste Reduction Byproduct. Substituent-Tuned Photophysical Properties. Chemistry 2021; 27:13613-13623. [PMID: 34288167 PMCID: PMC8518888 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A catalytic domino reduction-imine formation-intramolecular cyclization-oxidation for the general synthesis of a wide variety of biologically relevant N-polyheterocycles, such as quinoxaline- and quinoline-fused derivatives, and phenanthridines, is reported. A simple, easily available, and environmentally friendly dioxomolybdenum(VI) complex has proven to be a highly efficient and versatile catalyst for transforming a broad range of starting nitroarenes involving several redox processes. Not only is this a sustainable, step-economical as well as air- and moisture-tolerant method, but also it is worth highlighting that the waste byproduct generated in the first step of the sequence is recycled and incorporated in the final target molecule, improving the overall synthetic efficiency. Moreover, selected indoloquinoxalines have been photophysically characterized in cyclohexane and toluene with exceptional fluorescence quantum yields above 0.7 for the alkyl derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Hernández‐Ruiz
- Departamento de QuímicaFacultad de CienciasUniversidad de BurgosPza. Misael Bañuelos s/n09001-BurgosSpain
| | - Rubén Rubio‐Presa
- Departamento de QuímicaFacultad de CienciasUniversidad de BurgosPza. Misael Bañuelos s/n09001-BurgosSpain
| | - Samuel Suárez‐Pantiga
- Departamento de QuímicaFacultad de CienciasUniversidad de BurgosPza. Misael Bañuelos s/n09001-BurgosSpain
| | - María R. Pedrosa
- Departamento de QuímicaFacultad de CienciasUniversidad de BurgosPza. Misael Bañuelos s/n09001-BurgosSpain
| | - Manuel A. Fernández‐Rodríguez
- Departamento de QuímicaFacultad de CienciasUniversidad de BurgosPza. Misael Bañuelos s/n09001-BurgosSpain
- Current address: Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química InorgánicaCampus Científico-TecnológicoFacultad de FarmaciaUniversidad de AlcaláAutovía A-II, Km 33.128805-Alcalá de HenaresMadridSpain
| | - M. José Tapia
- Departamento de QuímicaFacultad de CienciasUniversidad de BurgosPza. Misael Bañuelos s/n09001-BurgosSpain
| | - Roberto Sanz
- Departamento de QuímicaFacultad de CienciasUniversidad de BurgosPza. Misael Bañuelos s/n09001-BurgosSpain
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17
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Veclani D, Tolazzi M, Cerón-Carrasco JP, Melchior A. Intercalation Ability of Novel Monofunctional Platinum Anticancer Drugs: A Key Step in Their Biological Action. J Chem Inf Model 2021; 61:4391-4399. [PMID: 34156233 PMCID: PMC8479807 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.1c00430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Phenanthriplatin
(PtPPH) is a monovalent platinum(II)-based complex
with a large cytotoxicity against cancer cells. Although the aqua-activated
drug has been assumed to be the precursor for DNA damage, it is still
under debate whether the way in which that metallodrug attacks to
DNA is dominated by a direct binding to a guanine base or rather by
an intercalated intermediate product. Aiming to capture the mechanism
of action of PtPPH, the present contribution used theoretical tools
to systematically assess the sequence of all possible mechanisms on
drug activation and reactivity, for example, hydrolysis, intercalation,
and covalent damage to DNA. Ab initio quantum mechanical
(QM) methods, hybrid QM/QM′ schemes, and independent gradient
model approaches are implemented in an unbiased protocol. The performed
simulations show that the cascade of reactions is articulated in three
well-defined stages: (i) an early and fast intercalation of the complex
between the DNA bases, (ii) a subsequent hydrolysis reaction that
leads to the aqua-activated form, and (iii) a final formation of the
covalent bond between PtPPH and DNA at a guanine site. The permanent
damage to DNA is consequently driven by that latter bond to DNA but
with a simultaneous π–π intercalation of the phenanthridine
into nucleobases. The impact of the DNA sequence and the lateral backbone
was also discussed to provide a more complete picture of the forces
that anchor the drug into the double helix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Veclani
- Dipartimento Politecnico di Ingegneria e Architettura (DPIA), Laboratori di Chimica, Università di Udine, via delle Scienze 99, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Marilena Tolazzi
- Dipartimento Politecnico di Ingegneria e Architettura (DPIA), Laboratori di Chimica, Università di Udine, via delle Scienze 99, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - José P Cerón-Carrasco
- Reconocimiento y Encapsulación Molecular, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM). Campus de los Jerónimos, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Andrea Melchior
- Dipartimento Politecnico di Ingegneria e Architettura (DPIA), Laboratori di Chimica, Università di Udine, via delle Scienze 99, 33100 Udine, Italy
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18
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Köberle B, Schoch S. Platinum Complexes in Colorectal Cancer and Other Solid Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092073. [PMID: 33922989 PMCID: PMC8123298 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cisplatin is successfully used for the treatment of various solid cancers. Unfortunately, it shows no activity in colorectal cancer. The resistance phenotype of colorectal cancer cells is mainly caused by alterations in p53-controlled DNA damage signaling and/or defects in the cellular mismatch repair pathway. Improvement of platinum-based chemotherapy in cisplatin-unresponsive cancers, such as colorectal cancer, might be achieved by newly designed cisplatin analogues, which retain activity in unresponsive tumor cells. Moreover, a combination of cisplatin with biochemical modulators of DNA damage signaling might sensitize cisplatin-resistant tumor cells to the drug, thus providing another strategy to improve cancer therapy. Abstract Cisplatin is one of the most commonly used drugs for the treatment of various solid neoplasms, including testicular, lung, ovarian, head and neck, and bladder cancers. Unfortunately, the therapeutic efficacy of cisplatin against colorectal cancer is poor. Various mechanisms appear to contribute to cisplatin resistance in cancer cells, including reduced drug accumulation, enhanced drug detoxification, modulation of DNA repair mechanisms, and finally alterations in cisplatin DNA damage signaling preventing apoptosis in cancer cells. Regarding colorectal cancer, defects in mismatch repair and altered p53-mediated DNA damage signaling are the main factors controlling the resistance phenotype. In particular, p53 inactivation appears to be associated with chemoresistance and poor prognosis. To overcome resistance in cancers, several strategies can be envisaged. Improved cisplatin analogues, which retain activity in resistant cancer, might be applied. Targeting p53-mediated DNA damage signaling provides another therapeutic strategy to circumvent cisplatin resistance. This review provides an overview on the DNA repair pathways involved in the processing of cisplatin damage and will describe signal transduction from cisplatin DNA lesions, with special attention given to colorectal cancer cells. Furthermore, examples for improved platinum compounds and biochemical modulators of cisplatin DNA damage signaling will be presented in the context of colon cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate Köberle
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Adenauerring 20a, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sarah Schoch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Scheelevägen 2, 223 81 Lund, Sweden
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19
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Scoditti S, Dabbish E, Sicilia E. Is the cytotoxic activity of phenanthriplatin dependent on the specific size of the phenanthridine ligand π system? J Inorg Biochem 2021; 219:111447. [PMID: 33798829 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The monofunctional Pt(II) drug phenanthriplatin is a leading preclinical anticancer drug, whose main characteristic is the presence of the extended aromatic system of the phenanthridine ligand, which allows intercalation. Intercalation, in turn, induces DNA unwinding and facilitates DNA binding. Aiming at verifying to what extent the peculiar cytotoxic activity of phenanthriplatin depends on the specific size of the aromatic system, two phenanthriplatin derivatives have been designed increasing the number of the rings in the N-heterocyclic ligand, and their reactivity has been computationally investigated. Both quantum mechanical DFT computations and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have been employed to investigate some of the aspects that are considered important for the activity of Pt(II) monofunctional complexes. In particular, the substitution of the chlorido ligand with water, subsequent interaction of the aquated complexes with guanine as a model, eventual deactivation by the model N-acetyl methionine as well as intercalation into, binding to and distortion of DNA have been examined. The outcomes of such analysis have been compared with the analogous ones for the phenanthriplatin complex in order to highlight how the addition of one more ring to the phenanthridine ligand and, eventually, its identity influence the reactivity and, consequently, the cytotoxic profile of the complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Scoditti
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, Università della Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Eslam Dabbish
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, Università della Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Emilia Sicilia
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, Università della Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy.
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20
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Absolonová M, Melounková L, Vinklárek J, Honzíček J, Dostál L, Mrózek O. Cyclopentadienyl-Based Anticancer Drugs: Improvement of Cytotoxic Activity through Functionalisation of the π Ligand. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:1804-1812. [PMID: 33635596 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cytotoxic complexes containing molybdenum are widely studied as a potential substitution for commercially used drugs that often suffer from pronounced side effects and cellular resistance. Compounds of the type [(η5 -Cp')Mo(CO)2 (N,N L)][BF4 ], where Cp is cyclopentadienyl and N,N L is a bidentate ligand, are well known for their strong anticancer activity. It is a generally accepted paradigm that the nature of the coordinated N,N L ligand has a major impact on the cytotoxicity. In this study, a series of new functionalised Cp complexes of molybdenum was synthesised from derivatised fulvenes as π-ligand precursors. Indeed, the coordination sphere's modulation by various N,N-chelating ligands afforded species active toward leukemic cell line MOLT-4 with IC50 values depending on the character of the N,N-chelator used. However, following study clearly showed that functionalisation of the Cp ring with an amine moiety considerably improved cytotoxicity. These results are of crucial importance for the future design of highly active cytotoxic drugs, as modification of cyclopentadienyl is believed to have a minor effect on biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Absolonová
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Melounková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 53210, Pardubice, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Šimkova 870, 500 01, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jaromír Vinklárek
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Honzíček
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Macromolecular Materials, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Dostál
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Mrózek
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
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21
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Monofunctional Platinum(II) Anticancer Agents. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14020133. [PMID: 33562293 PMCID: PMC7915149 DOI: 10.3390/ph14020133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Platinum-based anticancer drugs represented by cisplatin play important roles in the treatment of various solid tumors. However, their applications are largely compromised by drug resistance and side effects. Much effort has been made to circumvent the drug resistance and general toxicity of these drugs. Among multifarious designs, monofunctional platinum(II) complexes with a general formula of [Pt(3A)Cl]+ (A: Ammonia or amine) stand out as a class of "non-traditional" anticancer agents hopeful to overcome the defects of current platinum drugs. This review aims to summarize the development of monofunctional platinum(II) complexes in recent years. They are classified into four categories: fluorescent complexes, photoactive complexes, targeted complexes, and miscellaneous complexes. The intention behind the designs is either to visualize the cellular distribution, or to reduce the side effects, or to improve the tumor selectivity, or inhibit the cancer cells through non-DNA targets. The information provided by this review may inspire researchers to conceive more innovative complexes with potent efficacy to shake off the drawbacks of platinum anticancer drugs.
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22
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Monroe JD, Moolani SA, Irihamye EN, Speed JS, Gibert Y, Smith ME. RNA-Seq Analysis of Cisplatin and the Monofunctional Platinum(II) Complex, Phenanthriplatin, in A549 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and IMR90 Lung Fibroblast Cell Lines. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122637. [PMID: 33302475 PMCID: PMC7764052 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenanthriplatin is a new monofunctional platinum(II) complex that binds only one strand of DNA and acts by blocking gene transcription, but its effect on gene regulation has not been characterized relative to the traditional platinum-based complex, cisplatin. A549 non-small cell lung cancer and IMR90 lung fibroblast cells were treated with cisplatin, phenanthriplatin, or a control and then their RNA transcripts were subjected to next generation sequencing analysis. DESeq2 and CuffDiff2 were used to identify up- and downregulated genes and Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes databases were used to identify pathways and functions. We found that phenanthriplatin may regulate the genes GPRC5a, TFF1, and TNFRSF10D, which act through p53 to control apoptosis, differently or to a greater extent than cisplatin, and that it, unlike cisplatin, could upregulate ATP5MD, a gene which signals through the Wnt/β catenin pathway. Furthermore, phenanthriplatin caused unique or enhanced effects compared to cisplatin on genes regulating the cytoskeleton, cell migration, and proliferation, e.g., AGAP1, DIAPH2, GDF15, and THSD1 (p < 0.05; q < 0.05). Phenanthriplatin may modulate some oncogenes differently than cisplatin potentially leading to improved clinical outcome, but this monofunctional complex should be carefully matched with cancer gene data to be successfully applied in chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry D. Monroe
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; (J.D.M.); (Y.G.)
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101-1080, USA; (S.A.M.); (E.N.I.)
| | - Satya A. Moolani
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101-1080, USA; (S.A.M.); (E.N.I.)
- Program in Cognitive Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-7063, USA
| | - Elvin N. Irihamye
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101-1080, USA; (S.A.M.); (E.N.I.)
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN 47405-2204, USA
| | - Joshua S. Speed
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA;
| | - Yann Gibert
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; (J.D.M.); (Y.G.)
| | - Michael E. Smith
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101-1080, USA; (S.A.M.); (E.N.I.)
- Correspondence:
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23
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Oh J, Xu J, Chong J, Wang D. Molecular basis of transcriptional pausing, stalling, and transcription-coupled repair initiation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2020; 1864:194659. [PMID: 33271312 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2020.194659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II (Pol II) is constantly challenged by numerous types of obstacles that lead to transcriptional pausing or stalling. These obstacles include DNA lesions, DNA epigenetic modifications, DNA binding proteins, and non-B form DNA structures. In particular, lesion-induced prolonged transcriptional blockage or stalling leads to genome instability, cellular dysfunction, and cell death. Transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER) pathway is the first line of defense that detects and repairs these transcription-blocking DNA lesions. In this review, we will first summarize the recent research progress toward understanding the molecular basis of transcriptional pausing and stalling by different kinds of obstacles. We will then discuss new insights into Pol II-mediated lesion recognition and the roles of CSB in TC-NER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntaek Oh
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Jun Xu
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Jenny Chong
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Dong Wang
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States.
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24
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RNA polymerase II stalls on oxidative DNA damage via a torsion-latch mechanism involving lone pair-π and CH-π interactions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:9338-9348. [PMID: 32284409 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1919904117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidation of guanine generates several types of DNA lesions, such as 8-oxoguanine (8OG), 5-guanidinohydantoin (Gh), and spiroiminodihydantoin (Sp). These guanine-derived oxidative DNA lesions interfere with both replication and transcription. However, the molecular mechanism of transcription processing of Gh and Sp remains unknown. In this study, by combining biochemical and structural analysis, we revealed distinct transcriptional processing of these chemically related oxidized lesions: 8OG allows both error-free and error-prone bypass, whereas Gh or Sp causes strong stalling and only allows slow error-prone incorporation of purines. Our structural studies provide snapshots of how polymerase II (Pol II) is stalled by a nonbulky Gh lesion in a stepwise manner, including the initial lesion encounter, ATP binding, ATP incorporation, jammed translocation, and arrested states. We show that while Gh can form hydrogen bonds with adenosine monophosphate (AMP) during incorporation, this base pair hydrogen bonding is not sufficient to hold an ATP substrate in the addition site and is not stable during Pol II translocation after the chemistry step. Intriguingly, we reveal a unique structural reconfiguration of the Gh lesion in which the hydantoin ring rotates ∼90° and is perpendicular to the upstream base pair planes. The perpendicular hydantoin ring of Gh is stabilized by noncanonical lone pair-π and CH-π interactions, as well as hydrogen bonds. As a result, the Gh lesion, as a functional mimic of a 1,2-intrastrand crosslink, occupies canonical -1 and +1 template positions and compromises the loading of the downstream template base. Furthermore, we suggest Gh and Sp lesions are potential targets of transcription-coupled repair.
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25
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Dabbish E, Russo N, Sicilia E. Rationalization of the Superior Anticancer Activity of Phenanthriplatin: An In‐Depth Computational Exploration. Chemistry 2019; 26:259-268. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eslam Dabbish
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies Università della Calabria Ponte P. Bucci Cubo 14c 87035 Arcavacata di Rende CS Italy
| | - Nino Russo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies Università della Calabria Ponte P. Bucci Cubo 14c 87035 Arcavacata di Rende CS Italy
| | - Emilia Sicilia
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies Università della Calabria Ponte P. Bucci Cubo 14c 87035 Arcavacata di Rende CS Italy
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26
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Maiti D, Halder A, De Sarkar S. Base‐Promoted Aerobic Oxidation/Homolytic Aromatic Substitution Cascade toward the Synthesis of Phenanthridines. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201900995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemical SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur – 741246, West Bengal India
| | - Atreyee Halder
- Department of Chemical SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur – 741246, West Bengal India
| | - Suman De Sarkar
- Department of Chemical SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur – 741246, West Bengal India
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Guo Y, He Y, Wu S, Zhang S, Song D, Zhu Z, Guo Z, Wang X. Enhancing Cytotoxicity of a Monofunctional Platinum Complex via a Dual-DNA-Damage Approach. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:13150-13160. [PMID: 31539237 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is an attractive cellular target for anticancer agents in addition to nuclear DNA (nDNA). The cationic platinum(II) complex cis-[Pt(NP)(NH3)2Cl]NO3 (PtNP, NP = N-(2-ethylpyridine)-1,8-naphthalimide) bearing the DNA-intercalating moiety NP was designed. The structure of PtNP was fully characterized by single-crystal X-ray crystallography, NMR, and HRMS. PtNP is superior to cisplatin in both in vitro and in vivo anticancer activities with low systemic toxicity. The interaction of PtNP with CT-DNA demonstrated that PtNP could effectively bind to DNA through both covalent and noncovalent double binding modes. In addition to causing significant damage to nDNA and remarkable inhibition to DNA damage repair, PtNP also distributed in mitochondria, inducing mtDNA damage and affecting the downstream transcriptional level of mitochondrion-encoded genes. In addition, PtNP disturbed the physiological processes of mitochondria by reducing the mitochondrial membrane potential and promoting the generation of reactive oxygen species. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that PtNP induced apoptosis via mitochondrial pathways by upregulating Bax and Puma and downregulating Bcl-2 proteins, leading to the release of cytochrome c and activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9. As a dual-DNA-damage agent, PtNP is able to improve the anticancer activity by damaging both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, thus providing a new anticancer mechanism of action for the naphthalimide monofunctional platinum(II) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yafeng He
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , People's Republic of China
| | - Shengde Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , People's Republic of China
| | - Shuren Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , People's Republic of China
| | - Dongfan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zijian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , People's Republic of China
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Monofunctional platinum(II) compounds and nucleolar stress: is phenanthriplatin unique? J Biol Inorg Chem 2019; 24:899-908. [PMID: 31494760 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-019-01707-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Platinum anticancer therapeutics are widely used in a variety of chemotherapy regimens. Recent work has revealed that the cytotoxicity of oxaliplatin and phenanthriplatin is through induction of ribosome biogenesis stress pathways, differentiating them from cisplatin and other compounds that mainly work through DNA damage response mechanisms. To probe the structure-activity relationships in phenanthriplatin's ability to cause nucleolar stress, a series of monofunctional platinum(II) compounds differing in ring number, size and orientation was tested by nucleophosmin (NPM1) relocalization assays using A549 cells. Phenanthriplatin was found to be unique among these compounds in inducing NPM1 relocalization. To decipher underlying reasons, computational predictions of steric bulk, platinum(II) compound surface length and hydrophobicity were performed for all compounds. Of the monofunctional platinum(II) compounds tested, phenanthriplatin has the highest calculated hydrophobicity and volume but does not exhibit the largest distance from platinum(II) to the surface. Thus, spatial orientation and/or hydrophobicity caused by the presence of a third aromatic ring may be significant factors in the ability of phenanthriplatin to cause nucleolar stress.
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29
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Oh J, Xu J, Chong J, Wang D. Structural and biochemical analysis of DNA lesion-induced RNA polymerase II arrest. Methods 2019; 159-160:29-34. [PMID: 30797902 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2019.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription, catalyzed by RNA polymerase II (Pol II) in eukaryotes, is the first step in gene expression. RNA Pol II is a 12-subunit enzyme complex regulated by many different transcription factors during transcription initiation, elongation, and termination. During elongation, Pol II encounters various types of obstacles that can cause transcriptional pausing and arrest. Through decades of research on transcriptional pausing, it is widely known that Pol II can distinguish between different types of obstacles by its active site. A major class of obstacles is DNA lesions. While some DNA lesions can cause transient transcriptional pausing, which can be bypassed by Pol II itself or with the help from other elongation factors, bulky DNA damage can cause prolonged transcriptional pausing and arrest, which signals for transcription coupled repair. Using biochemical and structural biology approaches, the outcomes of many different types of DNA lesions, DNA modifications, and DNA binding molecules to transcription were studied. In this mini review, we will describe the in vitro transcription assays with Pol II to investigate the impacts of various DNA lesions on transcriptional outcomes and the crystallization method of lesion-arrested Pol II complex. These methods can provide a general platform for the structural and biochemical analysis of Pol II transcriptional pausing and bypass mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntaek Oh
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Jun Xu
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Jenny Chong
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Dong Wang
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States.
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30
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Almaqwashi AA, Zhou W, Naufer MN, Riddell IA, Yilmaz ÖH, Lippard SJ, Williams MC. DNA Intercalation Facilitates Efficient DNA-Targeted Covalent Binding of Phenanthriplatin. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:1537-1545. [PMID: 30599508 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b10252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Phenanthriplatin, a monofunctional anticancer agent derived from cisplatin, shows significantly more rapid DNA covalent-binding activity compared to its parent complex. To understand the underlying molecular mechanism, we used single-molecule studies with optical tweezers to probe the kinetics of DNA-phenanthriplatin binding as well as DNA binding to several control complexes. The time-dependent extensions of single λ-DNA molecules were monitored at constant applied forces and compound concentrations, followed by rinsing with a compound-free solution. DNA-phenanthriplatin association consisted of fast and reversible DNA lengthening with time constant τ ≈ 10 s, followed by slow and irreversible DNA elongation that reached equilibrium in ∼30 min. In contrast, only reversible fast DNA elongation occured for its stereoisomer trans-phenanthriplatin, suggesting that the distinct two-rate kinetics of phenanthriplatin is sensitive to the geometric conformation of the complex. Furthermore, no DNA unwinding was observed for pyriplatin, in which the phenanthridine ligand of phenanthriplatin is replaced by the smaller pyridine molecule, indicating that the size of the aromatic group is responsible for the rapid DNA elongation. These findings suggest that the mechanism of binding of phenanthriplatin to DNA involves rapid, partial intercalation of the phenanthridine ring followed by slower substitution of the adjacent chloride ligand by, most likely, the N7 atom of a purine base. The cis isomer affords the proper stereochemistry at the metal center to facilitate essentially irreversible DNA covalent binding, a geometric advantage not afforded by trans-phenanthriplatin. This study demonstrates that reversible DNA intercalation provides a robust transition state that is efficiently converted to an irreversible DNA-Pt bound state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Almaqwashi
- Physics Department , King Abdulaziz University , Rabigh 21911 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Wen Zhou
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States.,David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - M Nabuan Naufer
- Department of Physics , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Imogen A Riddell
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , The University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL , United Kingdom
| | - Ömer H Yilmaz
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Stephen J Lippard
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States.,David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Mark C Williams
- Department of Physics , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
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Raza MK, Gautam S, Howlader P, Bhattacharyya A, Kondaiah P, Chakravarty AR. Pyriplatin-Boron-Dipyrromethene Conjugates for Imaging and Mitochondria-Targeted Photodynamic Therapy. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:14374-14385. [PMID: 30376306 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Monofunctional pyriplatin analogues cis-[Pt(NH3)2(L)Cl](NO3) (1-3) having boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) pendants (L) with 1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-8-(4-pyridyl)-4,4'-difluoroboradiazaindacene moieties were designed and synthesized, and their photocytotoxic properties were studied. The Pt-BODIPY conjugates displayed an absorption band within 505-550 nm and a green emissive band near 535 nm in 1% DMSO/DMEM (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium) buffer. Complex cis-[Pt(NH3)2(4-Me-py)Cl](NO3) (4) was used as a control for determining the structural aspects by X-ray crystallography. The mono- and diiodinated BODIPY complexes 2 and 3 showed generation of singlet oxygen on light activation as evidenced from the 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran (DPBF) titration experiments. The cytotoxicity of the BODIPY complexes was tested against A549 (human lung cancer), MCF-7 (human breast cancer), and HaCaT (human skin keratinocyte) cells in dark and visible light (400-700 nm, 10 J cm-2). While complexes 2 and 3 showed excellent photocytotoxicity (IC50 ≈ 0.05 μM), they remained essentially nontoxic in the dark (IC50 > 100 μM). The emissive bands of 1 and 2 were used for cellular imaging by confocal microscopy study, which showed their mitochondrial localization. This was further supported by platinum estimation from isolated mitochondria and mitochondrial depolarization through a JC-1 assay. The photomediated apoptotic cell death was evidenced from flow cytometric assays, annexin-V/FITC-PI (fluorescein isothiocyanate-propidium iodide) and cell cycle arrest in sub-G1 and G2/M phases. The complexes bind to 9-ethylguanine as a model nucleobase to form monoadducts. A mechanistic study on DNA photocleavage activity using pUC19 DNA showed singlet oxygen as the reactive oxygen species (ROS). The combination of photodynamic therapy with DNA cross-linking property enhanced the anticancer potential of the monofunctional BODIPY-conjugates of pyriplatins.
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32
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Structural basis of DNA lesion recognition for eukaryotic transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair. DNA Repair (Amst) 2018; 71:43-55. [PMID: 30174298 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER) is a pathway that removes DNA lesions capable of blocking RNA polymerase II (Pol II) transcription from the template strand. This process is initiated by lesion-arrested Pol II and the recruitment of Cockayne Syndrome B protein (CSB). In this review, we will focus on the lesion recognition steps of eukaryotic TC-NER and summarize the recent research progress toward understanding the structural basis of Pol II-mediated lesion recognition and Pol II-CSB interactions. We will discuss the roles of CSB in both TC-NER initiation and transcription elongation. Finally, we propose an updated model of tripartite lesion recognition and verification for TC-NER in which CSB ensures Pol II-mediated recognition of DNA lesions for TC-NER.
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33
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Hucke A, Park GY, Bauer OB, Beyer G, Köppen C, Zeeh D, Wehe CA, Sperling M, Schröter R, Kantauskaitè M, Hagos Y, Karst U, Lippard SJ, Ciarimboli G. Interaction of the New Monofunctional Anticancer Agent Phenanthriplatin With Transporters for Organic Cations. Front Chem 2018; 6:180. [PMID: 29888219 PMCID: PMC5982655 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer treatment with platinum compounds is an important achievement of modern chemotherapy. However, despite the beneficial effects, the clinical impact of these agents is hampered by the development of drug resistance as well as dose-limiting side effects. The efficacy but also side effects of platinum complexes can be mediated by uptake through plasma membrane transporters. In the kidneys, plasma membrane transporters are involved in their secretion into the urine. Renal secretion is accomplished by uptake from the blood into the proximal tubules cells, followed by excretion into the urine. The uptake process is mediated mainly by organic cation transporters (OCT), which are expressed in the basolateral domain of the plasma membrane facing the blood. The excretion of platinum into the urine is mediated by exchange with protons via multidrug and toxin extrusion proteins (MATE) expressed in the apical domain of plasma membrane. Recently, the monofunctional, cationic platinum agent phenanthriplatin, which is able to escape common cellular resistance mechanisms, has been synthesized and investigated. In the present study, the interaction of phenanthriplatin with transporters for organic cations has been evaluated. Phenanthriplatin is a high affinity substrate for OCT2, but has a lower apparent affinity for MATEs. The presence of these transporters increased cytotoxicity of phenanthriplatin. Therefore, phenanthriplatin may be especially effective in the treatment of cancers that express OCTs, such as colon cancer cells. However, the interaction of phenanthriplatin with OCTs suggests that its use as chemotherapeutic agent may be complicated by OCT-mediated toxicity. Unlike cisplatin, phenanthriplatin interacts with high specificity with hMATE1 and hMATE2K in addition to hOCT2. This interaction may facilitate its efflux from the cells and thereby decrease overall efficacy and/or toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hucke
- Experimental Nephrology, Medical Clinic D, University Hospital, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ga Young Park
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Oliver B Bauer
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Georg Beyer
- Experimental Nephrology, Medical Clinic D, University Hospital, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christina Köppen
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Dorothea Zeeh
- Experimental Nephrology, Medical Clinic D, University Hospital, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christoph A Wehe
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Sperling
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,European Virtual Institute for Speciation Analysis, Münster, Germany
| | - Rita Schröter
- Experimental Nephrology, Medical Clinic D, University Hospital, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Marta Kantauskaitè
- Experimental Nephrology, Medical Clinic D, University Hospital, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Uwe Karst
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Stephen J Lippard
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Giuliano Ciarimboli
- Experimental Nephrology, Medical Clinic D, University Hospital, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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34
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Zhou W, Almeqdadi M, Xifaras ME, Riddell IA, Yilmaz ÖH, Lippard SJ. The effect of geometric isomerism on the anticancer activity of the monofunctional platinum complex trans-[Pt(NH 3) 2(phenanthridine)Cl]NO 3. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:2788-2791. [PMID: 29484327 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc00393a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A trans-DDP based monofunctional phenanthridine Pt(ii) complex was synthesized and characterized. Its anticancer activity was studied in vitro on a panel of human cancer cell lines and mouse intestinal cancer organoids. This complex displays significant antitumor properties, with a different spectrum of activity than that of classic bifunctional cross-linking agents like cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. and The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Tehcnology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Mohammad Almeqdadi
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Tehcnology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Michael E Xifaras
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Tehcnology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Imogen A Riddell
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Ömer H Yilmaz
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Tehcnology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Stephen J Lippard
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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35
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Wang W, Walmacq C, Chong J, Kashlev M, Wang D. Structural basis of transcriptional stalling and bypass of abasic DNA lesion by RNA polymerase II. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E2538-E2545. [PMID: 29487211 PMCID: PMC5856558 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1722050115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abasic sites are among the most abundant DNA lesions and interfere with DNA replication and transcription, but the mechanism of their action on transcription remains unknown. Here we applied a combined structural and biochemical approach for a comprehensive investigation of how RNA polymerase II (Pol II) processes an abasic site, leading to slow bypass of lesion. Encounter of Pol II with an abasic site involves two consecutive slow steps: insertion of adenine opposite a noninstructive abasic site (the A-rule), followed by extension of the 3'-rAMP with the next cognate nucleotide. Further studies provided structural insights into the A-rule: ATP is slowly incorporated into RNA in the absence of template guidance. Our structure revealed that ATP is bound to the Pol II active site, whereas the abasic site is located at an intermediate state above the Bridge Helix, a conserved structural motif that is cirtical for Pol II activity. The next extension step occurs in a template-dependent manner where a cognate substrate is incorporated, despite at a much slower rate compared with nondamaged template. During the extension step, neither the cognate substrate nor the template base is located at the canonical position, providing a structural explanation as to why this step is as slow as the insertion step. Taken together, our studies provide a comprehensive understanding of Pol II stalling and bypass of the abasic site in the DNA template.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Celine Walmacq
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Jenny Chong
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Mikhail Kashlev
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Dong Wang
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093;
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
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36
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Gabano E, Perin E, Fielden C, Platts JA, Gallina A, Rangone B, Ravera M. How to obtain Pt(iv) complexes suitable for conjugation to nanovectors from the oxidation of [PtCl(terpyridine)] . Dalton Trans 2018; 46:10246-10254. [PMID: 28737785 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01706e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxidation of [Pt(II)Cl(terpy)]+ (terpy = 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine) has been attempted with several oxidizing agents and under different experimental conditions in order to obtain a Pt(iv) complex suitable for the conjugation to nanovectors to be used in drug delivery targeting for anticancer therapy. The best compromise in terms of yield and purity of the final complex was obtained by microwave-assisted reaction at 70 °C in 50% aqueous H2O2 for 2 h. Under these conditions the quantitative formation of [Pt(IV)Cl(OH)2(terpy)]+ was observed. The subsequent synthetic steps were, (i) functionalization of [Pt(IV)Cl(OH)2(terpy)]+ in the axial position with succinic anhydride to obtain [Pt(IV)Cl(OH)(succinato)(terpy)]+ and (ii) reaction of the latter with nonporous silica nanoparticles (SNPs) with an external shell containing primary amino groups to obtain a nanovector able to transport the Pt(iv) antitumor prodrug in the form of a conjugate Pt-SNP. Finally, the antiproliferative activity and cell accumulation of [Pt(II)Cl(terpy)]+, [Pt(IV)Cl(OH)2(terpy)]+, and the Pt-SNP conjugate were measured on three cancer cell lines. Despite highly effective accumulation of Pt-SNP in cells, a modest increase in activity was observed with respect to the molecular species. Further experiments showed that the Pt-SNP conjugate can release [Pt(II)Cl(terpy)]+ upon reduction, but this metabolite may undergo hydrolysis, and the resulting aquo complex could coordinate once again the free amino groups of the SNPs. In the resulting tetraamine form, the Pt(ii) complex conjugated to the SNPs cannot completely perform its antiproliferative activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gabano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
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37
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Teng B, Han Y, Zhang X, Xiao H, Yu C, Li H, Cheng Z, Jin D, Wong KL, Ma P, Lin J. Phenanthriplatin(iv) conjugated multifunctional up-converting nanoparticles for drug delivery and biomedical imaging. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:5059-5068. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tb01034j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Platinum-based drugs cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin are widely used in the clinical treatment of cancer.
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38
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Mechanism of DNA alkylation-induced transcriptional stalling, lesion bypass, and mutagenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E7082-E7091. [PMID: 28784758 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1708748114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkylated DNA lesions, induced by both exogenous chemical agents and endogenous metabolites, interfere with the efficiency and accuracy of DNA replication and transcription. However, the molecular mechanisms of DNA alkylation-induced transcriptional stalling and mutagenesis remain unknown. In this study, we systematically investigated how RNA polymerase II (pol II) recognizes and bypasses regioisomeric O2-, N3-, and O4-ethylthymidine (O2-, N3-, and O4-EtdT) lesions. We observed distinct pol II stalling profiles for the three regioisomeric EtdT lesions. Intriguingly, pol II stalling at O2-EtdT and N3-EtdT sites is exacerbated by TFIIS-stimulated proofreading activity. Assessment for the impact of the EtdT lesions on individual fidelity checkpoints provided further mechanistic insights, where the transcriptional lesion bypass routes for the three EtdT lesions are controlled by distinct fidelity checkpoints. The error-free transcriptional lesion bypass route is strongly favored for the minor-groove O2-EtdT lesion. In contrast, a dominant error-prone route stemming from GMP misincorporation was observed for the major-groove O4-EtdT lesion. For the N3-EtdT lesion that disrupts base pairing, multiple transcriptional lesion bypass routes were found. Importantly, the results from the present in vitro transcriptional studies are well correlated with in vivo transcriptional mutagenesis analysis. Finally, we identified a minor-groove-sensing motif from pol II (termed Pro-Gate loop). The Pro-Gate loop faces toward the minor groove of RNA:DNA hybrid and is involved in modulating the translocation of minor-groove alkylated DNA template after nucleotide incorporation opposite the lesion. Taken together, this work provides important mechanistic insights into transcriptional stalling, lesion bypass, and mutagenesis of alkylated DNA lesions.
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39
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Qin QP, Qin JL, Chen M, Li YL, Meng T, Zhou J, Liang H, Chen ZF. Chiral platinum (II)-4-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)- formamide oxo-aporphine (FOA) complexes promote tumor cells apoptosis by directly targeting G-quadruplex DNA in vitro and in vivo. Oncotarget 2017; 8:61982-61997. [PMID: 28977920 PMCID: PMC5617480 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Three platinum(II) complexes, 4 (LC-004), 5 (LC-005), and 6 (LC-006), with the chiral FOA ligands R/S-(±)-FOA (1), R-(+)-FOA (2) and S-(–)-FOA (3), respectively, were synthesized and characterized. As potential anti-tumor agents, these complexes show higher cytotoxicity to BEL-7404 cells than the HL-7702 normal cells. They are potential telomerase inhibitors that target c-myc and human telomeric G-quadruplex DNA. Compared to complexes 4 and 5, 6 exhibited higher binding affinities towards telomeric, c-myc G-quadruplex DNA and caspase-3/9, thereby inducing senescence and apoptosis to a greater extent in tumor cells. Moreover, our in vivo studies showed that complex 6 can effectively inhibit tumor growth in the BEL-7404 and BEL-7402 xenograft mouse models and is less toxic than 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin. The effective inhibition of tumor growth is attributed to its interactions with 53BP1, TRF1, c-myc, TRF2, and hTERT. Thus, complex 6 can serve as a novel lead compound and a potential drug candidate for anticancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Pin Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Jiao-Lan Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Lan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Ting Meng
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Hong Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
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40
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New Pt-NNSO core anticancer agents: Structural optimization and investigation of their anticancer activity. J Inorg Biochem 2017; 170:34-45. [PMID: 28214754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of new platinum Pt(II) compounds possessing a bidentate leaving ligand modified from oxaliplatin has been synthesized, with one of the oxygen ligating atom substituted for a sulphur atom (resulting in a Pt-NNSO coordination core structure). The general structures are R,R-diaminocyclohexane (DACH)-Pt-(methylthio)acetic acid (K4) and DACH-Pt-(thiophenylacetic acid) (K4 derivatives). Substitution of an electron donating or withdrawing group at the ortho or para position on the phenyl ring of K4 derivatives was found to affect the complexes' stability, reactivity with the biological molecules (5'-guanosine monophosphate (5'-GMP) and L-methionine (L-Met)) and anticancer activity. 1H NMR experiments demonstrated that Pt-NNSO complexes formed a mixture of mono- and diadduct with 5'-GMP in various ratios, which are different from the classical Pt drugs (forming mainly diadduct). In addition, all of the K4 derivatives with improved lipophilicity are less deactivated by L-Met in comparison to cisplatin (CDDP) and oxaliplatin. Biological assessments showed that all Pt-NNSO complexes are less toxic than CDDP in normal porcine kidney cells and are minimally affected by drug resistance. Some of the new compounds also displayed comparable anticancer activity to CDDP or better than carboplatin in a few cancer cell lines. The lower reactivity of the Pt-NNSO compounds than CDDP towards thiol molecules, presumably leading to less efflux in resistant cancer cells, and the ability to inhibit autophagy were believed to allow the new compounds to be less affected by Pt resistance.
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41
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Kahwajy N, Nematollahi A, Kim RR, Church WB, Wheate NJ. Comparative macrocycle binding of the anticancer drug phenanthriplatin by cucurbit[n]urils, β-cyclodextrin and para-sulfonatocalix[4]arene: a 1H NMR and molecular modelling study. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-017-0694-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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42
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Zhang C, Li T, Wang L, Rao Y. Synthesis of diverse heterocycles via one-pot cascade cross-dehydrogenative-coupling (CDC)/cyclization reaction. Org Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6qo00522e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A cascade Cross-Dehydrogenative-Coupling (CDC)/cyclization methodology has been developed for the synthesis of diverse scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Tianlei Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing
- China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences
| | - Liguo Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Yu Rao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing
- China
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43
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Liu X, Qing Z, Cheng P, Zheng X, Zeng J, Xie H. Metal-Free Photoredox Catalyzed Cyclization of O-(2,4-Dinitrophenyl)oximes to Phenanthridines. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21121690. [PMID: 27941654 PMCID: PMC6273968 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21121690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A metal-free visible-light photoredox-catalyzed intermolecular cyclization reaction of O-2,4-dinitrophenyl oximes to phenanthridines was developed. In this study, the organic dye eosin Y and i-Pr2NEt were used as photocatalyst and terminal reductant, respectively. The oxime substrates were transformed into iminyl radical intermediates by single-electron reduction, which then underwent intermolecular homolytic aromatic substitution (HAS) reactions to give phenanthridine derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiubin Liu
- National and Provincial Union Engineering Research Center for the Veterinary Herbal Medicine Resources and Initiative, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanicals Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Zhixing Qing
- National and Provincial Union Engineering Research Center for the Veterinary Herbal Medicine Resources and Initiative, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanicals Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Pi Cheng
- National and Provincial Union Engineering Research Center for the Veterinary Herbal Medicine Resources and Initiative, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanicals Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Xinyu Zheng
- National and Provincial Union Engineering Research Center for the Veterinary Herbal Medicine Resources and Initiative, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Jianguo Zeng
- National and Provincial Union Engineering Research Center for the Veterinary Herbal Medicine Resources and Initiative, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanicals Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Hongqi Xie
- National and Provincial Union Engineering Research Center for the Veterinary Herbal Medicine Resources and Initiative, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanicals Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
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44
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Nosova YN, Foteeva LS, Zenin IV, Fetisov TI, Kirsanov KI, Yakubovskaya MG, Antonenko TA, Tafeenko VA, Aslanov LA, Lobas AA, Gorshkov MV, Galanski M, Keppler BK, Timerbaev AR, Milaeva ER, Nazarov AA. Enhancing the Cytotoxic Activity of Anticancer PtIVComplexes by Introduction of Lonidamine as an Axial Ligand. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201600857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yulia N. Nosova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University; Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Fine Organic Synthesis; Leninskie Gory 1/3 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Lidia S. Foteeva
- Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry; Kosygin St. 19 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Ilia V. Zenin
- Lomonosov Moscow State University; Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Fine Organic Synthesis; Leninskie Gory 1/3 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Timur I. Fetisov
- Blokhin Cancer Research Center RAMS; Kashirskoye Shosse 24 115478 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Kirill I. Kirsanov
- Blokhin Cancer Research Center RAMS; Kashirskoye Shosse 24 115478 Moscow Russian Federation
| | | | - Taisya A. Antonenko
- Lomonosov Moscow State University; Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Fine Organic Synthesis; Leninskie Gory 1/3 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Viktor A. Tafeenko
- Lomonosov Moscow State University; Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Fine Organic Synthesis; Leninskie Gory 1/3 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Leonid A. Aslanov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University; Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Fine Organic Synthesis; Leninskie Gory 1/3 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Anna A. Lobas
- Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics; Russian Academy of Sciences; Leninsky Pr. 38, Bld. 2 119334 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail V. Gorshkov
- Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics; Russian Academy of Sciences; Leninsky Pr. 38, Bld. 2 119334 Moscow Russian Federation
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University); Institutskiy per. 9 141700 Dolgoprudny Russian Federation
| | - Markus Galanski
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; University of Vienna; Waehringer Str. 42 1019 Vienna Austria
| | - Bernhard K. Keppler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; University of Vienna; Waehringer Str. 42 1019 Vienna Austria
| | - Andrei R. Timerbaev
- Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry; Kosygin St. 19 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Elena R. Milaeva
- Lomonosov Moscow State University; Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Fine Organic Synthesis; Leninskie Gory 1/3 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Alexey A. Nazarov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University; Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Fine Organic Synthesis; Leninskie Gory 1/3 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
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45
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Riddell IA, Agama K, Park GY, Pommier Y, Lippard SJ. Phenanthriplatin Acts As a Covalent Poison of Topoisomerase II Cleavage Complexes. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:2996-3001. [PMID: 27648475 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Drugs capable of trapping topoisomerase II (Top2), an essential enzyme that cleaves DNA to remove naturally occurring knots and tangles, can serve as potent anticancer agents. The monofunctional platinum agent phenanthriplatin, cis-[Pt(NH3)2(phenanthridine)Cl](NO3), is shown here to trap Top2 in addition to its known modes of inhibition of DNA and RNA polymerases. Its potency therefore combines diverse modes of action by which phenanthriplatin kills cancer cells. The observation that phenanthriplatin can act as a Top2 poison highlights opportunities to design nonclassical platinum anticancer agents with this novel mechanism of action. Such complexes have the potential to overcome current limitations with chemotherapy, such as resistance, and to provide treatment options for cancers that do not respond well to classical agents. Covalent DNA-platinum lesions implicated in Top2 poisoning are distinctive from those generated by known therapeutic topoisomerase poisons, which typically exert their action by reversible binding at the interface of Top2-DNA cleavage complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imogen A. Riddell
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Keli Agama
- Developmental
Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center
for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Ga Young Park
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yves Pommier
- Developmental
Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center
for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Stephen J. Lippard
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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46
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RNA polymerase II senses obstruction in the DNA minor groove via a conserved sensor motif. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:12426-12431. [PMID: 27791148 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1612745113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA polymerase II (pol II) encounters numerous barriers during transcription elongation, including DNA strand breaks, DNA lesions, and nucleosomes. Pyrrole-imidazole (Py-Im) polyamides bind to the minor groove of DNA with programmable sequence specificity and high affinity. Previous studies suggest that Py-Im polyamides can prevent transcription factor binding, as well as interfere with pol II transcription elongation. However, the mechanism of pol II inhibition by Py-Im polyamides is unclear. Here we investigate the mechanism of how these minor-groove binders affect pol II transcription elongation. In the presence of site-specifically bound Py-Im polyamides, we find that the pol II elongation complex becomes arrested immediately upstream of the targeted DNA sequence, and is not rescued by transcription factor IIS, which is in contrast to pol II blockage by a nucleosome barrier. Further analysis reveals that two conserved pol II residues in the Switch 1 region contribute to pol II stalling. Our study suggests this motif in pol II can sense the structural changes of the DNA minor groove and can be considered a "minor groove sensor." Prolonged interference of transcription elongation by sequence-specific minor groove binders may present opportunities to target transcription addiction for cancer therapy.
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47
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Polyanionic Biopolymers for the Delivery of Pt(II) Cationic Antiproliferative Complexes. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2016; 2016:2380540. [PMID: 27774043 PMCID: PMC5059510 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2380540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenanthriplatin, that is, (SP-4-3)-diamminechlorido(phenanthridine)platinum(II) nitrate, an effective antitumor cationic Pt(II) complex, was loaded on negatively charged dextran sulfate (DS) as a model vector for drug delivery via electrostatic interactions. The free complex and the corresponding conjugate with DS were tested on two standard human tumor cell lines, namely, ovarian A2780 and colon HCT 116, and on several malignant pleural mesothelioma cell lines (namely, epithelioid BR95, mixed/biphasic MG06, sarcomatoid MM98, and sarcomatoid cisplatin-resistant MM98R). The in vitro results suggest that the conjugate releases the active metabolite phenanthriplatin with a biphasic fashion. In these experimental conditions, the conjugate is slightly less active than free phenanthriplatin; but both exhibited antiproliferative potency higher than the reference metallodrug cisplatin and were able to overcome the acquired cisplatin chemoresistance in MM98R cells.
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48
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Xu Y, Chen Y, Li W, Xie Q, Shao L. Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Phenanthridines by Radical Insertion/Cyclization of Biphenyl Isocyanides. J Org Chem 2016; 81:8426-35. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Xu
- School
of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Zhangjiang Hi-tech
Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yiyi Chen
- School
of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Zhangjiang Hi-tech
Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wei Li
- School
of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Zhangjiang Hi-tech
Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qiong Xie
- School
of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Zhangjiang Hi-tech
Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Liming Shao
- School
of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Zhangjiang Hi-tech
Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
- Shanghai Center for Drug Discovery & Development, 826 Zhangheng Road, Zhangjiang Hi-tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
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49
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Benedetti M, Romano A, De Castro F, Girelli CR, Antonucci D, Migoni D, Verri T, Fanizzi FP. N7-platinated ribonucleotides are not incorporated by RNA polymerases. New perspectives for a rational design of platinum antitumor drugs. J Inorg Biochem 2016; 163:143-146. [PMID: 27421694 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we assessed the capacity of RNA polymerases to use platinated ribonucleotides as substrates for RNA synthesis by testing the incorporation of the model compound [Pt(dien)(N7-5'-GTP)] (dien=diethylenetriamine; GTP=5'-guanosine triphosphate) into a natural RNA sequence. The yield of in vitro transcription operated by T7 RNA polymerase, on the LacZ (Escherichia coli gene encoding for β-galactosidase) sequence, decreases progressively with decreasing the concentration of natural GTP, in favor of the platinated nucleotide, [Pt(dien)(N7-5'-GTP)]. Comparison of the T7 RNA polymerase transcription activities for [Pt(dien)(N7-5'-GTP)] compound incorporation reaction test, with respect to the effect of a decreasing concentration of natural GTP, showed no major differences. A specific inhibitory effect of compound [Pt(dien)(N7-5'-GTP)] (which may pair the complementary base on the DNA strand, without being incorporated in the RNA by the T7 RNA polymerase) was evidenced. Our findings therefore suggest that RNA polymerases, unlike DNA polymerases, are unable to incorporate N7-platinated nucleotides into newly synthesized nucleic acids. In this respect, specifically designed N7-platinated nucleotides based compounds could be used in alternative to the classical platinum based drugs. This approach may offer a possible strategy to target specifically DNA, without affecting RNA, and is potentially able to better modulate pharmacological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Benedetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Romano
- Neuropathology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology and Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Federica De Castro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Chiara R Girelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Daniela Antonucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Danilo Migoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Tiziano Verri
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Francesco P Fanizzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy.
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50
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Riddell IA, Johnstone TC, Park GY, Lippard SJ. Nucleotide Binding Preference of the Monofunctional Platinum Anticancer-Agent Phenanthriplatin. Chemistry 2016; 22:7574-81. [PMID: 27111128 PMCID: PMC4884344 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The monofunctional platinum anticancer agent phenanthriplatin generates covalent adducts with the purine bases guanine and adenine. Preferential nucleotide binding was investigated by using a polymerase stop assay and linear DNA amplification with a 163-base pair DNA double helix. Similarly to cisplatin, phenanthriplatin forms the majority of adducts at guanosine residues, but significant differences in both the number and position of platination sites emerge when comparing results for the two complexes. Notably, the monofunctional complex generates a greater number of polymerase-halting lesions at adenosine residues than does cisplatin. Studies with 9-methyladenine reveal that, under abiological conditions, phenanthriplatin binds to the N(1) or N(7) position of 9-methyladenine in approximately equimolar amounts. By contrast, comparable reactions with 9-methylguanine afforded only the N(7) -bound species. Both of the 9-methyladenine linkage isomers (N(1) and N(7) ) exist as two diastereomeric species, arising from hindered rotation of the aromatic ligands about their respective platinum-nitrogen bonds. Eyring analysis of rate constants extracted from variable-temperature NMR spectroscopic data revealed that the activation energies for ligand rotation in the N(1) -bound platinum complex and the N(7) -linkage isomers are comparable. Finally, a kinetic analysis indicated that phenanthriplatin reacts more rapidly, by a factor of eight, with 9-methylguanine than with 9-methyladenine, suggesting that the distribution of lesions formed on double-stranded DNA is kinetically controlled. In addition, implications for the potent anticancer activity of phenanthriplatin are discussed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imogen A Riddell
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139-4307, USA
| | - Timothy C Johnstone
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139-4307, USA
| | - Ga Young Park
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139-4307, USA
| | - Stephen J Lippard
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139-4307, USA.
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