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Ali A, Stefàno E, De Castro F, Ciccarella G, Rovito G, Marsigliante S, Muscella A, Benedetti M, Fanizzi FP. Synthesis, Characterization, and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Novel Water-Soluble Cationic Platinum(II) Organometallic Complexes with Phenanthroline and Imidazolic Ligands. Chemistry 2024:e202401064. [PMID: 38703115 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Platinum-based chemotherapeutic agents are widely used in the treatment of cancer. However, their effectiveness is limited by severe adverse reactions, drug resistance, and poor water solubility. This study focuses on the synthesis and characterization of new water-soluble cationic monofunctional platinum(II) complexes starting from the [PtCl(η1-C2H4OEt)(phen)] (1, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) precursor, specifically [Pt(NH3)(η1-C2H4OEt)(phen)]Cl (2), [Pt(1-hexyl-1H-imidazole)(η1-C2H4OEt)(phen)]Cl (3), and [Pt(1-hexyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole)(η1-C2H4OEt)(phen)]Cl (4), which deviate from traditional requirements for antitumor activity. These complexes were evaluated for their cytotoxic effects in comparison to cisplatin, using immortalized cervical adenocarcinoma cells (HeLa), human renal carcinoma cells (Caki-1), and normal human renal cells (HK-2). While complex 2 showed minimal effects on the cell lines, complexes 3 and 4 demonstrated higher cytotoxicity than cisplatin. Notably, complex 4 displayed the highest cytotoxicity in both cancer and normal cell lines. However, complex 3 exhibited the highest selectivity for renal tumor cells (Caki-1) among the tested complexes, compared to healthy cells (HK-2). This resulted in a significantly higher selectivity than that of cisplatin and complex 4. Therefore, complex 3 shows potential as a leading candidate for the development of a new generation of platinum-based anticancer drugs, utilizing biocompatible imidazole ligands while demonstrating promising anticancer properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asjad Ali
- University of Salento, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, ITALY
| | - Erika Stefàno
- University of Salento, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, ITALY
| | - Federica De Castro
- University of Salento, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, ITALY
| | - Giuseppe Ciccarella
- University of Salento, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, ITALY
| | - Gianluca Rovito
- University of Salento, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, ITALY
| | - Santo Marsigliante
- University of Salento, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, ITALY
| | - Antonella Muscella
- University of Salento, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, ITALY
| | - Michele Benedetti
- University of Salento, DiSTeBA, Via Monteroni, I-73100, Lecce, ITALY
| | - Francesco P Fanizzi
- University of Salento, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, ITALY
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De Castro F, Stefàno E, Fanizzi FP, Di Corato R, Abdalla P, Luchetti F, Nasoni MG, Rinaldi R, Magnani M, Benedetti M, Antonelli A. Compatibility of Nucleobases Containing Pt(II) Complexes with Red Blood Cells for Possible Drug Delivery Applications. Molecules 2023; 28:6760. [PMID: 37836603 PMCID: PMC10574024 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic advantages of some platinum complexes as major anticancer chemotherapeutic agents and of nucleoside analogue-based compounds as essential antiviral/antitumor drugs are widely recognized. Red blood cells (RBCs) offer a potential new strategy for the targeted release of therapeutic agents due to their biocompatibility, which can protect loaded drugs from inactivation in the blood, thus improving biodistribution. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of loading model nucleobase-containing Pt(II) complexes into human RBCs that were highly stabilized by four N-donors and susceptible to further modification for possible antitumor/antiviral applications. Specifically, platinum-based nucleoside derivatives [PtII(dien)(N7-Guo)]2+, [PtII(dien)(N7-dGuo)]2+, and [PtII(dien)(N7-dGTP)] (dien = diethylenetriamine; Guo = guanosine; dGuo = 2'-deoxy-guanosine; dGTP = 5'-(2'-deoxy)-guanosine-triphosphate) were investigated. These Pt(II) complexes were demonstrated to be stable species suitable for incorporation into RBCs. This result opens avenues for the possible incorporation of other metalated nucleobases analogues, with potential antitumor and/or antiviral activity, into RBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica De Castro
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.D.C.); (E.S.)
| | - Erika Stefàno
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.D.C.); (E.S.)
| | - Francesco Paolo Fanizzi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.D.C.); (E.S.)
| | - Riccardo Di Corato
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 73010 Arnesano, Italy;
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (IMM), CNR, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | - Pasant Abdalla
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Urbino Carlo Bo, Via Saffi 2, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (P.A.); (F.L.); (M.G.N.); (M.M.)
| | - Francesca Luchetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Urbino Carlo Bo, Via Saffi 2, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (P.A.); (F.L.); (M.G.N.); (M.M.)
| | - Maria Gemma Nasoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Urbino Carlo Bo, Via Saffi 2, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (P.A.); (F.L.); (M.G.N.); (M.M.)
| | - Rosaria Rinaldi
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (IMM), CNR, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
- Mathematics and Physics “E. De Giorgi” Department, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Mauro Magnani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Urbino Carlo Bo, Via Saffi 2, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (P.A.); (F.L.); (M.G.N.); (M.M.)
| | - Michele Benedetti
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.D.C.); (E.S.)
| | - Antonella Antonelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Urbino Carlo Bo, Via Saffi 2, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (P.A.); (F.L.); (M.G.N.); (M.M.)
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Stefàno E, Cossa LG, De Castro F, De Luca E, Vergaro V, My G, Rovito G, Migoni D, Muscella A, Marsigliante S, Benedetti M, Fanizzi FP. Evaluation of the Antitumor Effects of Platinum-Based [Pt( η1-C 2H 4-OR)(DMSO)(phen)] + (R = Me, Et) Cationic Organometallic Complexes on Chemoresistant Pancreatic Cancer Cell Lines. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2023; 2023:5564624. [PMID: 37727647 PMCID: PMC10506884 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5564624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies with an increasing incidence and a high mortality rate, due to its rapid progression, invasiveness, and resistance to anticancer therapies. In this work, we evaluated the antiproliferative and antimigratory activities of the two organometallic compounds, [Pt(η1-C2H4-OMe)(DMSO)(phen)]Cl (1) and [Pt(η1-C2H4-OEt)(DMSO)(phen)]Cl (2), on three human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell lines with different sensitivity to cisplatin (Mia PaCa-2, PANC-1, and YAPC). The two cationic analogues showed superimposable antiproliferative effects on the tested cells, without significant differences depending on alkyl chain length (Me or Et). On the other hand, they demonstrated to be more effective than cisplatin, especially on YAPC cancer cells. For the interesting cytotoxic activity observed on YAPC, further biological assays were performed, on this cancer cell line, to evaluate the apoptotic and antimetastatic properties of the considered platinum compounds (1 and 2). The cytotoxicity of 1 and 2 compounds appeared to be related to their intracellular accumulation, which was much faster than that of cisplatin. Both 1 and 2 compounds significantly induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, with a high accumulation of sub-G1 phase cells, compared to cisplatin. Moreover, phenanthroline-containing complexes caused a rapid loss of mitochondria membrane potential, ΔΨM, if compared to cisplatin, probably due to their cationic and lipophilic properties. On 3D tumor spheroids, 1 and 2 significantly reduced migrated area more than cisplatin, confirming an antimetastatic ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Stefàno
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Luca Giulio Cossa
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Federica De Castro
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Erik De Luca
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Viviana Vergaro
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Giulia My
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Gianluca Rovito
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Danilo Migoni
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Antonella Muscella
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Santo Marsigliante
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Michele Benedetti
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Fanizzi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
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De Castro F, Stefàno E, De Luca E, Benedetti M, Fanizzi FP. Platinum-Nucleos(t)ide Compounds as Possible Antimetabolites for Antitumor/Antiviral Therapy: Properties and Perspectives. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030941. [PMID: 36986802 PMCID: PMC10058173 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleoside analogues (NAs) are a family of compounds which include a variety of purine and pyrimidine derivatives, widely used as anticancer and antiviral agents. For their ability to compete with physiological nucleosides, NAs act as antimetabolites exerting their activity by interfering with the synthesis of nucleic acids. Much progress in the comprehension of their molecular mechanisms has been made, including providing new strategies for potentiating anticancer/antiviral activity. Among these strategies, new platinum-NAs showing a good potential to improve the therapeutic indices of NAs have been synthesized and studied. This short review aims to describe the properties and future perspectives of platinum-NAs, proposing these complexes as a new class of antimetabolites.
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Stefàno E, De Castro F, De Luca E, Muscella A, Marsigliante S, Benedetti M, Fanizzi FP. Synthesis and Comparative Evaluation of the Cytotoxic Activity of Cationic Organometallic Complexes of the Type [Pt(η1-CH2-CH2-OR)(DMSO)(phen)]+ (R = Me, Et, Pr, Bu). Inorganica Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2022.121321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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Stefàno E, Muscella A, Benedetti M, De Castro F, Fanizzi FP, Marsigliante S. Antitumor and antimigration effects of a new Pt compound on neuroblastoma cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 202:115124. [PMID: 35688179 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Among the new Pt complexes with anticancer properties, phenanthroline derivatives have aroused great interest due to their different mode of action compared to cisplatin. We previously examined cytotoxic effects of a new Pt(II)-complex containing 1,10-phenantroline (phen), [Pt(η1-C2H4OMe)(DMSO)(phen)]Cl, in a panel of eight human cancer cell lines, and showed that it exerted the greatest cytotoxic effect in the neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line. In this study, the antiproliferative and antimetastatic potential of [Pt(η1-C2H4OMe)(DMSO)(phen)]+ (in short Pt-EtOMeSOphen) was investigated in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y, SK-N-SH and SK-N-BE(2) cells. Pt-EtOMeSOphen provoked the early signs of apoptosis induction (cleavage of PARP and activation of caspases-9 and -7); it also increased the level of proapoptotic Bax protein whereas it decreased the level of the antiapoptotic Bcl-2 protein. The effects of Pt-EtOMeSOphen on migration and invasion processes were also evaluated. A decrease of cell migration/invasion by Pt-EtOMeSOphen was observed through 2D and 3D in vitro assays. Pt-EtOMeSOphen was found to exert its actions by decreasing MMP-9 and MMP-2 expressions and activities. Pt-EtOMeSOphen provoked the phosphorylation of both ERK1/2 and p38 MAPKs. All the effects of Pt-EtOMeSOphen on SH-SY5Y cell vitality, migration and metalloproteases activities described here were due to the activation of p38 MAPK since pharmacological p38 MAPK inhibition or small interfering RNAs to p38 MAPK mRNA blocked such effects. Results suggest that Pt-EtOMeSOphen inhibits neuroblastoma cancer cells survival, motility, and invasion. This could lead to the reduction of neuroblastoma metastatic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Stefàno
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, Centro Ecotekne, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Antonella Muscella
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, Centro Ecotekne, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Michele Benedetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, Centro Ecotekne, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Federica De Castro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, Centro Ecotekne, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Fanizzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, Centro Ecotekne, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Santo Marsigliante
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, Centro Ecotekne, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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Muscella A, Stefàno E, Calabriso N, De Pascali SA, Fanizzi FP, Marsigliante S. Role of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling in a Pt(II)-resistant human breast cancer cell line. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 192:114702. [PMID: 34324869 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Platinum complexes are currently used for breast cancer therapy, but, as with other drug classes, a series of intrinsic and acquired resistance mechanisms hinder their efficacy. To better understand the mechanisms underlying platinum complexes resistance in breast cancer, we generated a [Pt(O,O'-acac)(γ-acac)(DMS)]-resistant MCF-7, denoted as [Pt(acac)2]R. [Pt(O,O'-acac)(γ-acac)(DMS)] was chosen as previous works showed that it has distinct mechanisms of action from cisplatin, especially with regard to cellular targets. [Pt(acac)2]R cells are characterized by increased proliferation rates and aggressiveness with higher PKC-δ, BCL-2, MMP-9 and EGFR protein expressions and also by increased expression of various genes covering cell cycle regulation, invasion, survival, and hormone receptors. These [Pt(acac)2]R cells also displayed high levels of activated signaling kinases Src, AKT and ERK/2. [Pt(acac)2]R cells incubated with [Pt(O,O'-acac)(γ-acac)(DMS)], showed a relevant EGFR activation due to PKC-δ and Src phosphorylation that provoked proliferation and survival through MERK1/2/ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt pathways. In addition, EGFR shuttled from the plasma membrane to the nucleus maybe acting as co-transcriptional factor. The data suggest that growth and survival of resistant cells rely upon a remarkable increase in EGFR level which, in collaboration with an enhanced role of PKC-δ and Src kinases support [Pt(acac)2]R cell. It could therefore be assumed that combination treatments targeting both EGFR and PKC-δ/Src can improve therapy for breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Muscella
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Prov. le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - E Stefàno
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Prov. le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - N Calabriso
- National Research Council (CNR), Campus Ecotekne, Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), University of Salento, Via Prov le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - S A De Pascali
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Prov. le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - F P Fanizzi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Prov. le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - S Marsigliante
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Prov. le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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Trapani A, Corbo F, Agrimi G, Ditaranto N, Cioffi N, Perna F, Quivelli A, Stefàno E, Lunetti P, Muscella A, Marsigliante S, Cricenti A, Luce M, Mormile C, Cataldo A, Bellucci S. Oxidized Alginate Dopamine Conjugate: In Vitro Characterization for Nose-to-Brain Delivery Application. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:3495. [PMID: 34201634 PMCID: PMC8269503 DOI: 10.3390/ma14133495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The blood-brain barrier (BBB) bypass of dopamine (DA) is still a challenge for supplying it to the neurons of Substantia Nigra mainly affected by Parkinson disease. DA prodrugs have been studied to cross the BBB, overcoming the limitations of DA hydrophilicity. Therefore, the aim of this work is the synthesis and preliminary characterization of an oxidized alginate-dopamine (AlgOX-DA) conjugate conceived for DA nose-to-brain delivery. METHODS A Schiff base was designed to connect oxidized polymeric backbone to DA and both AlgOX and AlgOX-DA were characterized in terms of Raman, XPS, FT-IR, and 1H- NMR spectroscopies, as well as in vitro mucoadhesive and release tests. RESULTS Data demonstrated that AlgOX-DA was the most mucoadhesive material among the tested ones and it released the neurotransmitter in simulated nasal fluid and in low amounts in phosphate buffer saline. Results also demonstrated the capability of scanning near-field optical microscopy to study the structural and fluorescence properties of AlgOX, fluorescently labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate microstructures. Interestingly, in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line up to 100 μg/mL, no toxic effect was derived from AlgOX and AlgOX-DA in 24 h. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the in vitro performances of AlgOX and AlgOX-DA conjugates seem to encourage further ex vivo and in vivo studies in view of nose-to-brain administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Trapani
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, I-70125 Bari, Italy; (F.C.); (F.P.); (A.Q.)
| | - Filomena Corbo
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, I-70125 Bari, Italy; (F.C.); (F.P.); (A.Q.)
| | - Gennaro Agrimi
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, I-70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Nicoletta Ditaranto
- Dipartimento di Chimica and CSGI-Bari Unit, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, I-70125 Bari, Italy; (N.D.); (N.C.)
| | - Nicola Cioffi
- Dipartimento di Chimica and CSGI-Bari Unit, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, I-70125 Bari, Italy; (N.D.); (N.C.)
| | - Filippo Perna
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, I-70125 Bari, Italy; (F.C.); (F.P.); (A.Q.)
| | - Andrea Quivelli
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, I-70125 Bari, Italy; (F.C.); (F.P.); (A.Q.)
- Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Erika Stefàno
- Dipartimento Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali, University of Salento, I-73100 Lecce, Italy; (E.S.); (P.L.); (A.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Paola Lunetti
- Dipartimento Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali, University of Salento, I-73100 Lecce, Italy; (E.S.); (P.L.); (A.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Antonella Muscella
- Dipartimento Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali, University of Salento, I-73100 Lecce, Italy; (E.S.); (P.L.); (A.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Santo Marsigliante
- Dipartimento Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali, University of Salento, I-73100 Lecce, Italy; (E.S.); (P.L.); (A.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Antonio Cricenti
- ISM-CNR, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (M.L.)
| | - Marco Luce
- ISM-CNR, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (M.L.)
| | - Cristina Mormile
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare-Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 54, Frascati, I-00044 Rome, Italy; (C.M.); (A.C.)
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, I-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonino Cataldo
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare-Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 54, Frascati, I-00044 Rome, Italy; (C.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Stefano Bellucci
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare-Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 54, Frascati, I-00044 Rome, Italy; (C.M.); (A.C.)
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Muscella A, Stefàno E, De Bellis L, Nutricati E, Negro C, Marsigliante S. Antitumor and antimigration effects of Salvia clandestina L. extract on osteosarcoma cells. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2021; 1500:34-47. [PMID: 33960434 PMCID: PMC8518948 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Salvia clandestina L. is a wild perennial species present in the Salento area of Italy. Here, we examined the in vitro effects of an aqueous extract of S. clandestina L. on the MG-63 osteosarcoma cell line. The extract reduced osteosarcoma cell viability mainly by way of apoptosis, as we observed (1) upregulation of gene and protein expression of p53, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21WAF1 and p27Kip1 , and proapoptotic BAX; (2) activation of caspases; and (3) induction of a sub-G1 peak in the cell cycle. The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) JNK1/2 and p38 are activated and involved in the intracellular effects of the S. clandestina extract, as preincubation with the JNK1/2 inhibitor SP600125 or the p38 inhibitor SB203580 significantly decreased S. clandestina extract-induced cytotoxicity and inhibited increase in p53, p21WAF1 , p27Kip1 , and BAX. SP600125 also inhibited mRNA levels for all the aforementioned proteins, while SB203580 only affected p53 mRNA. Furthermore, S. clandestina extract treatment counteracted epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, inhibited cell migration, and decreased the expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinase MMP2. In addition, S. clandestina extract enhanced the cytotoxic activity of cisplatin on MG-63 cells through downregulation of the Akt/PKB protein kinase. We conclude that S. clandestina extract may be a novel agent for osteosarcoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Muscella
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Erika Stefàno
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Luigi De Bellis
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Eliana Nutricati
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Carmine Negro
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Santo Marsigliante
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
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Muscella A, Stefàno E, Marsigliante S. The effects of training on hormonal concentrations and physical performance of football referees. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14740. [PMID: 33932110 PMCID: PMC8087984 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
As no study has explored the impact of physical stress on hypothalamic‐pituitary‐gonadal axis hormones over a long period, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of the football season period on plasma cortisol and testosterone concentrations and referee's physical performances. Physical tests and plasma cortisol and testosterone concentrations were assayed before the beginning of the training period, just after the training period, at the middle of the season, and at the end of the season, in 29 male football referees and 30 healthy control subjects. Results showed significant differences in hormone concentrations at the four‐time points evaluated. Plasma cortisol increased during the first training period from 15.8 ± 3.8 to 21.7 ± 5.1 µg/dl (p < 0.001), then decreased during the season and at the end of it was 18.7 ± 2.4 µg/dl. Before the beginning of the training period, plasma testosterone concentration was 386.1 ± 58.8 ng/dl; after the training period, it increased to 572.2 ± 88.1 ng/dl (p < 0.001) and then returned to baseline levels at the end of the season. Between the start of the training period and the end of the season, significant differences were observed in physical performances of referees. Plasma cortisol and testosterone levels significantly (p < 0.0001 for both) correlated with Yo‐Yo intermittent recovery test level 1 (YYIRT1) and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) at the end of the training period. In the middle season, plasma testosterone concentration only significantly (p < 0.0001) correlated with YYIRT1 and VO2max. These data underline the importance of set up training protocols that present the prospective to favor positive physiological adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Muscella
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Erika Stefàno
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Santo Marsigliante
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
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De Castro F, Stefàno E, Migoni D, Iaconisi GN, Muscella A, Marsigliante S, Benedetti M, Fanizzi FP. Synthesis and Evaluation of the Cytotoxic Activity of Water-Soluble Cationic Organometallic Complexes of the Type [Pt(η 1-C 2H 4OMe)(L)(Phen)] + (L = NH 3, DMSO; Phen = 1,10-Phenanthroline). Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:642. [PMID: 33946459 PMCID: PMC8147149 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Starting from the [PtCl(η1-C2H4OMe)(phen)] (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, 1) platinum(II) precursor, we synthesized and characterized by multinuclear NMR new [Pt(η1-C2H4OMe)(L)(phen)]+ (L = NH3, 2; DMSO, 3) complexes. These organometallic species, potentially able to interact with cell membrane organic cation transporters (OCT), violating some of the classical rules for antitumor activity of cisplatin analogues, were evaluated for their cytotoxicity. Interestingly, despite both complexes 2 and 3 resulting in greater cell uptake than cisplatin in selected tumor cell lines, only 3 showed comparable or higher antitumor activity. General low cytotoxicity of complex 2 in the tested cell lines (SH-SY5Y, SK-OV-3, Hep-G2, Caco-2, HeLa, MCF-7, MG-63, ZL-65) appeared to depend on its stability towards solvolysis in neutral water, as assessed by NMR monitoring. Differently, the [Pt(η1-C2H4OMe)(DMSO)(phen)]+ (3) complex was easily hydrolyzed in neutral water, resulting in a comparable or higher cytotoxicity in cancer cells with respect to cisplatin. Further, both IC50 values and the uptake profiles of the active complex appeared quite different in the used cell lines, suggesting the occurrence of diversified biological effects. Nevertheless, further studies on the metabolism of complex 3 should be performed before planning its possible use in tissue- and tumor-specific drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Michele Benedetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, Centro Ecotekne, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.D.C.); (E.S.); (D.M.); (G.N.I.); (A.M.); (S.M.); (F.P.F.)
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Muscella A, Stefàno E, Di Maglie A, Marsigliante S. Referees' physical performance over a soccer season. Sport Sci Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-020-00655-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Abstract
Blood lipoproteins are formed by various amounts of cholesterol (C), triglycerides (TGs), phospholipids, and apolipoproteins (Apos). ApoA1 is the major structural protein of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), accounting for ~70% of HDL protein, and mediates many of the antiatherogenic functions of HDL. Conversely, ApoB is the predominant low-density lipoprotein (LDL) Apo and is an indicator of circulating LDL, associated with higher coronary heart disease (CHD) risk. Thus, the ratio of ApoB to ApoA1 (ApoB/ApoA1) is used as a surrogate marker of the risk of CHD related to lipoproteins. Elevated or abnormal levels of lipids and/or lipoproteins in the blood are a significant CHD risk factor, and several studies support the idea that aerobic exercise decreases CHD risk by partially lowering serum TG and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and increasing HDL-C levels. Exercise also exerts an effect on HDL-C maturation and composition and on reverse C transport from peripheral cells to the liver to favor its catabolism and excretion. This process prevents atherosclerosis, and several studies showed that exercise training increases heart lipid metabolism and protects against cardiovascular disease. In these and other ways, it more and more appears that regular exercise, nutrition, and strategies to modulate lipid profile should be viewed as an integrated whole. The purpose of this review is to assess the effects of endurance training on the nontraditional lipid biomarkers, including ApoB, ApoA1, and ApoB/ApoA1, in CHD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Muscella
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali, Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Erika Stefàno
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali, Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Santo Marsigliante
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali, Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
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Muscella A, Vetrugno C, Spedicato M, Stefàno E, Marsigliante S. The effects of training on hormonal concentrations in young soccer players. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:20685-20693. [PMID: 30993700 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
To test the hypothesis that football training would be accompanied by physiological adaptations and hormonal changes, we analyzed the effects of a whole football season on physical fitness and hormonal concentrations in youth football players. Male football players (n = 29, age 16.51 ± 0.7 years) in a regional professional league and male healthy control subjects (n = 30, age 17.1 ± 1 years) participated to the study. Blood cortisol, testosterone, and growth hormone (hGH) concentrations were assayed before the beginning of the training period (T0), just after the training period (T1), at the middle of the season (T2), and at the end of the season (T3). In each period physical tests and anthropometric measurements were also performed. Results showed significant differences in basal values of cortisol, testosterone, and growth hormone (hGH) in the four time points evaluated (P < 0.01). In addition, the concentrations of hGH were higher in the soccer players group than in control subjects (P < 0.001). Between the start of the training period and the end of the football season significant differences were observed in the anthropometric characteristics and in the physical form of the football players. Furthermore, the hormonal status was significantly correlated with the indicators of the lower limb power (squat-jump [SqJ], and counter-movement-jump [CMJ]) and those of aerobic performance (Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1 (YYIRT1) and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max )).These data underscore the importance of establishing training protocols that present the potential to promote positive adaptations without, at the same time, provoking overtraining of young players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Muscella
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali (Di.S.Te.B.A.), Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Carla Vetrugno
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali (Di.S.Te.B.A.), Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Mirko Spedicato
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali (Di.S.Te.B.A.), Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Erika Stefàno
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali (Di.S.Te.B.A.), Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Santo Marsigliante
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali (Di.S.Te.B.A.), Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
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