1
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Wang W, Song S, Jiao N. Late-Stage Halogenation of Complex Substrates with Readily Available Halogenating Reagents. Acc Chem Res 2024. [PMID: 39303309 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.4c00501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusLate-stage halogenation, targeting specific positions in complex substrates, has gained significant attention due to its potential for diversifying and functionalizing complex molecules such as natural products and pharmaceutical intermediates. Utilizing readily available halogenating reagents, such as hydrogen halides (HX), N-halosuccinimides (NXS), and dichloroethane (DCE) reagents for late-stage halogenation shows great promise for expanding the toolbox of synthetic chemists. However, the reactivity of haleniums (X+, X = Cl, Br, I) can be significantly hindered by the presence of various functional groups such as hydroxyl, amine, amide, or carboxylic acid groups. The developed methods of late-stage halogenation often rely on specialized activating reagents and conditions. Recently, our group (among others) has put great efforts into addressing these challenges and unlocking the potential of these readily available HX, NXS, and DCE reagents in complex molecule halogenation. Developing new methodologies, catalyst systems, and reaction conditions further enhanced their utility, enabling the efficient and selective halogenation of intricate substrates.With the long-term goal of achieving selective halogenation of complex molecules, we summarize herein three complementary research topics in our group: (1) Efficient oxidative halogenations: Taking inspiration from naturally occurring enzyme-catalyzed oxidative halogenation reactions, we focused on developing cost-effective oxidative halogenation reactions. We found the combination of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and HX (X = Cl, Br, I) efficient for the oxidative halogenation of aromatic compounds and alkenes. Additionally, we developed electrochemical oxidative halogenation using DCE as a practical chlorinating reagent for chlorination of (hetero)arenes. (2) Halenium reagent activation: Direct electrophilic halogenation using halenium reagents is a reliable method for obtaining organohalides. However, compared to highly reactive reagents, the common and readily available NXS and dihalodimethylhydantoin (DXDMH) demonstrate relatively lower reactivity. Therefore, we focused on developing oxygen-centered Lewis base catalysts such as DMSO, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl (TEMPO) and nitromethane to activate NXS or DXDMH, enabling selective halogenation of bioactive substrates. (3) Halogenation of inert substrates: Some substrates, such as electron-poor arenes and pyridines, are inert toward electrophilic functionalization reactions. We devised several strategies to enhance the reactivity of these molecules. These strategies, characterized by mild reaction conditions, the ready availability and stability of catalysts and reagents, and excellent tolerance for various functional groups, have emerged as versatile protocols for the late-stage aromatic halogenation of drugs, natural products, and peptides. By harnessing the versatility and selectivity of these catalysts and methodologies, synthetic chemists can unlock new possibilities in the synthesis of halogenated compounds, paving the way for the development of novel functional materials and biologically active molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Song Song
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ning Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Shanghai 200032, China
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2
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Luderer SE, Masoudi B, Sarkar A, Grant C, Jaganathan A, Jackson JE, Borhan B. Structure-Enantioselectivity Relationship (SER) Study of Cinchona Alkaloid Chlorocyclization Catalysts. J Org Chem 2024; 89:11921-11929. [PMID: 36795431 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Various structural elements of the Cinchona alkaloid dimers are interrogated to establish a structure-enantioselectivity relationship (SER) in three different halocyclization reactions. SER for chlorocyclizations of a 1,1-disubstituted alkenoic acid, a 1,1-disubstituted alkeneamide, and a trans-1,2-disubstituted alkeneamide showed variable sensitivities to linker rigidity and polarity, aspects of the alkaloid structure, and the presence of two or only one alkaloid side group defining the catalyst pocket. The conformational rigidity of the linker-ether connections was probed via DFT calculations on the methoxylated models, uncovering especially high barriers to ether rotation out of plane in the arene systems that include the pyridazine ring. These linkers are also found in the catalysts with the highest enantioinduction. The diversity of the SER results suggested that the three apparently analogous test reactions may proceed by significantly different mechanisms. Based on these findings, a stripped-down analogue of (DHQD)2PYDZ, termed "(trunc)2PYDZ", was designed, synthesized, and evaluated, showing modest but considerable asymmetric induction in the three test reactions, with the best performance on the 1,1-disubstituted alkeneamide cyclization. This first effort to map out the factors essential to effective stereocontrol and reaction promotion offers guidance for the simplified design and systematic refinement of new, selective organocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Luderer
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Behrad Masoudi
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Aritra Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Calvin Grant
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Arvind Jaganathan
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - James E Jackson
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Babak Borhan
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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3
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Yang X, Gao H, Yan J, Zhou J, Shi L. Intramolecular chaperone-assisted dual-anchoring activation (ICDA): a suitable preorganization for electrophilic halocyclization. Chem Sci 2024; 15:6130-6140. [PMID: 38665529 PMCID: PMC11041335 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00581c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The halocyclization reaction represents one of the most common methodologies for the synthesis of heterocyclic molecules. Many efforts have been made to balance the relationship between structure, reactivity and selectivity, including the design of new electrophilic halogenation reagents and the utilization of activating strategies. However, discovering universal reagents or activating strategies for electrophilic halocyclization remains challenging due to the case-by-case practice for different substrates or different cyclization models. Here we report an intramolecular chaperone-assisted dual-anchoring activation (ICDA) model for electrophilic halocyclization, taking advantage of the non-covalent dual-anchoring orientation as the driving force. This protocol allows a practical, catalyst-free and rapid approach to access seven types of small-sized, medium-sized, and large-sized heterocyclic units and to realize polyene-like domino halocyclizations, as exemplified by nearly 90 examples, including a risk-reducing flow protocol for gram-scale synthesis. DFT studies verify the crucial role of ICDA in affording a suitable preorganization for transition state stabilization and X+ transfer acceleration. The utilization of the ICDA model allows a spatiotemporal adjustment to straightforwardly obtain fast, selective and high-yielding synthetic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihui Yang
- School of Science (Shenzhen), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Haowei Gao
- School of Science (Shenzhen), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Jiale Yan
- School of Science (Shenzhen), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Jia Zhou
- School of Science (Shenzhen), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
- Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Lei Shi
- School of Science (Shenzhen), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
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4
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Choudhary K, Biswas RG, Manna A, Singh VK. Kinetic Resolution of Electron-Deficient Bromohydrins via Copper(II)-Catalyzed C-C Bond Cleavage. J Org Chem 2023; 88:12041-12053. [PMID: 37533192 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a nonenzymatic kinetic resolution (KR) of α,β-unsaturated ketone-derived bromohydrins (up to s = 211) with N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) in the presence of a chiral Cu(II)-Box catalyst via the C-C bond cleavage of the fast reacting enantiomer. A one-pot synthesis-KR approach of the same has also been realized with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee). Both protocols are found to be effective for a variety of substrates, leading to enantioenriched bromohydrins. The synthetic utility of this process has been demonstrated by exploring a new strategy to convert the resolved enantiomer to an optically active epoxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Choudhary
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Rayhan G Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462066, India
| | - Abhijit Manna
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Vinod K Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
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5
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De S, Dan AK, Sahu R, Das D. Asymmetric Synthesis of Halocyclized Products by Using Various Catalysts: A State‐of‐the‐Art Review. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soumik De
- NIT Silchar: National Institute of Technology Silchar Department of Chemistry QQ5R+3WM, NIT Road, Fakiratilla 788010 Silchar INDIA
| | - Aritra Kumar Dan
- KIIT School of Biotechnology Department of Biotechnology School Of Biotechnology, KIIT ,Campus 11, Patia 751024 Bhubaneswar INDIA
| | - Raghaba Sahu
- Seoul National University College of Pharmacy College of Pharmacy 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu 08826 KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Debadutta Das
- RITE: Radhakrishna Institute of Technology and Engineering Chemistry Barunai Temple Rd, IDCO-01, IDCO Industrial Estate, Barunei 752057 Khordha INDIA
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6
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilanjana Majumdar
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, P.O. Box 173, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi 110001, India
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7
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Ashtekar KD, Gholami H, Moemeni M, Chakraborty A, Kiiskila L, Ding X, Toma E, Rahn C, Borhan B. A Mechanistically Inspired Halenium Ion Initiated Spiroketalization: Entry to Mono- and Dibromospiroketals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202115173. [PMID: 34881491 PMCID: PMC9254888 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Employing halenium affinity (HalA) as a guiding tool, the weak nucleophilic character of alkyl ketones was modulated by the templating effect of a tethered 2-tetrahydropyranyl(THP)-protected alcohol towards realizing a bromenium ion initiated spiroketalization cascade. Addition of ethanol aided an early termination of the cascade by scavenging the THP group after the halofunctionalization stage, furnishing monobromospiroketals. Alternatively, exclusion of ethanol from the reaction mixture biased the transient oxocarbenium towards α-deprotonation that precedes a second bromofunctionalization event thus, furnishing dibrominated spiroketals. The regio- and stereoselectivity exploited in the current methodology provides a novel and rapid access to the dibrominated spiroketal motifs exhibited by several natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mehdi Moemeni
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 (USA)
| | - Ankush Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 (USA)
| | - Lindsey Kiiskila
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 (USA)
| | - Xinliang Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 (USA)
| | - Edmond Toma
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 (USA)
| | - Christopher Rahn
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 (USA)
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8
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Ashtekar KD, Gholami H, Moemeni M, Chakraborty A, Kiiskila L, Ding X, Toma E, Rahn C, Borhan B. A Mechanistically Inspired Halenium Ion Initiated Spiroketalization: Entry to Mono‐ and Dibromospiroketals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Dilip Ashtekar
- Cancer Biology Institute Yale School of Medicine West Haven Connecticut 06516 USA
| | - Hadi Gholami
- Department of Chemistry Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA
| | - Mehdi Moemeni
- Department of Chemistry Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA
| | - Ankush Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA
| | - Lindsey Kiiskila
- Department of Chemistry Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA
| | - Xinliang Ding
- Department of Chemistry Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA
| | - Edmond Toma
- Department of Chemistry Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA
| | - Christopher Rahn
- Department of Chemistry Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA
| | - Babak Borhan
- Department of Chemistry Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA
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9
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Shukla PM, Bhattacharya A, Pratap A, Pradhan A, Sinha P, Soni T, Maji B. HFIP-promoted halo-carbocyclizations of N- and O-tethered arene–alkene substrates to access all halo (X = Br, I, Cl)-functionalized tetrahydroquinoline and chroman cores. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:8136-8144. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01597h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a HFIP-promoted mild and efficient method for the synthesis of all halo (X = Br, I, Cl)-functionalized tetrahydroquinoline and chroman building blocks is disclosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpendra Mani Shukla
- Department of Chemistry, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak-484886, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Aditya Bhattacharya
- Department of Chemistry, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak-484886, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Aniruddh Pratap
- Department of Chemistry, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak-484886, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Akash Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak-484886, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Puspita Sinha
- Department of Chemistry, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak-484886, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Tanishk Soni
- Department of Chemistry, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak-484886, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Biswajit Maji
- Department of Chemistry, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak-484886, Madhya Pradesh, India
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10
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Brydon SC, da Silva G, O'Hair RAJ, White JM. Experimental and theoretical investigations into the mechanisms of haliranium ion π-ligand exchange reactions with cyclic alkenes in the gas phase. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:25572-25589. [PMID: 34783339 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04494j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Haliranium ions are intermediates often involved in complex cyclisations, where their structure allows for control over stereospecific outcomes. Extending previous studies into their structure and reactivity in the gas phase, this work focuses on the bimolecular reactivity of ethyl bromiranium and iodiranium ions with cyclic alkenes. The products observed via mass spectrometry were broadly attributed to either addition by cyclohexene at the iranium carbon or attack at the heteroatom to undergo associative π-ligand exchange. The model proposed was supported by both kinetic experiments and DFT calculations, where the rate of parent ion consumption proceeded at the collision rate (Br: k2 = 1.25 × 10-9 and I: k2 = 1.28 × 10-9 cm3 molecule-1 s-1) with the subsequent partitioning dependent on the relative stability of the initial intermediates and the relatively large barriers present in the addition pathway. Exploration of the effect of cycloalkene ring strain on the iodiranium ion reactivity was conducted with a series of crossover experiments with 50 : 50 mixtures of either cyclohexene or cis-cyclooctene and styrene, where the outcomes were dependent on the competing ring strain relief gained by reaction with each neutral. The nature of the exchange transition state was determined to be pseudocoarctate following both natural bond orbital (NBO) and anisotropy of the induced current density (ACID) analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel C Brydon
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Gabriel da Silva
- Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Richard A J O'Hair
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Jonathan M White
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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11
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Chan YC, Wang X, Lam YP, Wong J, Tse YLS, Yeung YY. A Catalyst-Controlled Enantiodivergent Bromolactonization. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:12745-12754. [PMID: 34350758 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A catalyst-controlled enantiodivergent bromolactonization of olefinic acids has been developed. Quinine-derived amino-amides bearing the same chiral core but different achiral aryl substituents were used as the catalysts. Switching the methoxy substituent in the aryl amide system from meta- to ortho-position results in a complete switch in asymmetric induction to afford the desired lactone in good enantioselectivity and yield. Mechanistic studies, including chemical experiments and density functional theory calculations, reveal that the differences in steric and electronic effects of the catalyst substituent alter the reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuk-Cheung Chan
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xinyan Wang
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying-Pong Lam
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jonathan Wong
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying-Lung Steve Tse
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying-Yeung Yeung
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
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12
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Guria S, Daniliuc CG, Hennecke U. Brønsted Acid‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Iodocycloetherification Enabled by Triphenylphosphine Selenide Cocatalysis. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Guria
- Organic Chemistry Research Group (ORGC) Department of Chemistry and Department of Bioengineering Sciences Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) Pleinlaan 2 1050 Brussel Belgium
| | | | - Ulrich Hennecke
- Organic Chemistry Research Group (ORGC) Department of Chemistry and Department of Bioengineering Sciences Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) Pleinlaan 2 1050 Brussel Belgium
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13
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Wang W, Li X, Yang X, Ai L, Gong Z, Jiao N, Song S. Oxoammonium salts are catalysing efficient and selective halogenation of olefins, alkynes and aromatics. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3873. [PMID: 34162859 PMCID: PMC8222362 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24174-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrophilic halogenation reactions have been a reliable approach to accessing organohalides. During the past decades, various catalytic systems have been developed for the activation of haleniums. However, there is still a short of effective catalysts, which could cover various halogenation reactions and broad scope of unsaturated compounds. Herein, TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine nitroxide) and its derivatives are disclosed as active catalysts for electrophilic halogenation of olefins, alkynes, and aromatics. These catalysts are stable, readily available, and reactive enough to activate haleniums including Br+, I+ and even Cl+ reagents. This catalytic system is applicable to various halogenations including haloarylation of olefins or dibromination of alkynes, which were rarely realized in previous Lewis base catalysis or Lewis acid catalysis. The high catalytic ability is attributed to a synergistic activation model of electrophilic halogenating reagents, where the carbonyl group and the halogen atom are both activated by present TEMPO catalysis. Organohalides are widely used as synthetic precursors and target products, but for various halogenation reactions there is a need for effective catalysts to activate commercially available haleniums. Here, the authors report that TEMPO and its derivatives are active catalysts for electrophilic halogenation of olefins, alkynes and aromatics, under mild reaction conditions and with good functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lingsheng Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwen Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Song Song
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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14
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Ren LQ, He YS, Yang YT, Li ZF, Xue ZY, Li QH, Liu TL. Chlorocyclization/cycloreversion of allylic alcohols to vinyl chlorides. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01218e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Unprecedented chlorination of allylic alcohols: a simple mix-and-go procedure for the cyclization/cycloreversion of secondary and tertiary allylic alcohols with chloronium ions under mild conditions and practical access to remote carbonyl vinyl chlorides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Qing Ren
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yu-Shuai He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yu-Ting Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zhao-Feng Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Xue
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-dyeing & Finishing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Qing-Hua Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Tang-Lin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
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15
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Qi C, Force G, Gandon V, Lebœuf D. Hexafluoroisopropanol‐Promoted Haloamidation and Halolactonization of Unactivated Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:946-953. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenxiao Qi
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO) CNRS UMR 8182 Université Paris-Saclay 91405 Orsay France
| | - Guillaume Force
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO) CNRS UMR 8182 Université Paris-Saclay 91405 Orsay France
| | - Vincent Gandon
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO) CNRS UMR 8182 Université Paris-Saclay 91405 Orsay France
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire (LCM), CNRS UMR 9168 Ecole Polytechnique Institut Polytechnique de Paris 91128 Palaiseau France
| | - David Lebœuf
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS) CNRS UMR 7006 Université de Strasbourg 67000 Strasbourg France
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16
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Qi C, Force G, Gandon V, Lebœuf D. Hexafluoroisopropanol‐Promoted Haloamidation and Halolactonization of Unactivated Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenxiao Qi
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO) CNRS UMR 8182 Université Paris-Saclay 91405 Orsay France
| | - Guillaume Force
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO) CNRS UMR 8182 Université Paris-Saclay 91405 Orsay France
| | - Vincent Gandon
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO) CNRS UMR 8182 Université Paris-Saclay 91405 Orsay France
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire (LCM), CNRS UMR 9168 Ecole Polytechnique Institut Polytechnique de Paris 91128 Palaiseau France
| | - David Lebœuf
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS) CNRS UMR 7006 Université de Strasbourg 67000 Strasbourg France
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17
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Arai T, Horigane K, Suzuki TK, Itoh R, Yamanaka M. Catalytic Asymmetric Iodoesterification of Simple Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202003886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takayoshi Arai
- Soft Molecular Activation Research Center (SMARC) Chiba Iodine Research Innovation Center (CIRIC) Molecular Chirality Research Center (MCRC) Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Chiba University 1-33 Yayoi, Inage Chiba 263-8522 Japan
| | - Kodai Horigane
- Soft Molecular Activation Research Center (SMARC) Chiba Iodine Research Innovation Center (CIRIC) Molecular Chirality Research Center (MCRC) Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Chiba University 1-33 Yayoi, Inage Chiba 263-8522 Japan
| | - Takumi K. Suzuki
- Soft Molecular Activation Research Center (SMARC) Chiba Iodine Research Innovation Center (CIRIC) Molecular Chirality Research Center (MCRC) Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Chiba University 1-33 Yayoi, Inage Chiba 263-8522 Japan
| | - Ryosuke Itoh
- Department of Chemistry Research Center for Smart Molecules Rikkyo University 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku Tokyo 171-8588 Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamanaka
- Department of Chemistry Research Center for Smart Molecules Rikkyo University 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku Tokyo 171-8588 Japan
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18
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Tang PT, Shao YX, Wang LN, Wei Y, Li M, Zhang NJ, Luo XP, Ke Z, Liu YJ, Zeng MH. Synthesis of seven-membered lactones by regioselective and stereoselective iodolactonization of electron-deficient olefins. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:6680-6683. [PMID: 32412017 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc10080f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A regio- and stereoselective iodolactonization of internal electron-deficient olefinic acids has been reported, which provides a straightforward access to a series of multi-functionalized seven-membered lactones containing two consecutive chiral centers. The ester substituents on the olefins played a key role in achieving high regioselectivity. This result was proved through experiments and DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan-Ting Tang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China.
| | - You-Xiang Shao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, PCFM Lab, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Liang-Neng Wang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China.
| | - Yi Wei
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China.
| | - Ming Li
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China.
| | - Ni-Juan Zhang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China.
| | - Xiao-Peng Luo
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China.
| | - Zhuofeng Ke
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, PCFM Lab, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yue-Jin Liu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China.
| | - Ming-Hua Zeng
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China. and Department Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China.
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19
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Arai T, Horigane K, Suzuki TK, Itoh R, Yamanaka M. Catalytic Asymmetric Iodoesterification of Simple Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:12680-12683. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202003886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takayoshi Arai
- Soft Molecular Activation Research Center (SMARC) Chiba Iodine Research Innovation Center (CIRIC) Molecular Chirality Research Center (MCRC) Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Chiba University 1-33 Yayoi, Inage Chiba 263-8522 Japan
| | - Kodai Horigane
- Soft Molecular Activation Research Center (SMARC) Chiba Iodine Research Innovation Center (CIRIC) Molecular Chirality Research Center (MCRC) Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Chiba University 1-33 Yayoi, Inage Chiba 263-8522 Japan
| | - Takumi K. Suzuki
- Soft Molecular Activation Research Center (SMARC) Chiba Iodine Research Innovation Center (CIRIC) Molecular Chirality Research Center (MCRC) Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Chiba University 1-33 Yayoi, Inage Chiba 263-8522 Japan
| | - Ryosuke Itoh
- Department of Chemistry Research Center for Smart Molecules Rikkyo University 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku Tokyo 171-8588 Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamanaka
- Department of Chemistry Research Center for Smart Molecules Rikkyo University 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku Tokyo 171-8588 Japan
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20
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Yousefi R, Sarkar A, Ashtekar KD, Whitehead DC, Kakeshpour T, Holmes D, Reed P, Jackson JE, Borhan B. Mechanistic Insights into the Origin of Stereoselectivity in an Asymmetric Chlorolactonization Catalyzed by (DHQD) 2PHAL. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:7179-7189. [PMID: 32202109 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Electrophilic halofunctionalization reactions have undergone a resurgence sparked by recent discoveries in the field of catalytic asymmetric halocyclizations. To build mechanistic understanding of these asymmetric transformations, a toolbox of analytical methods has been deployed, addressing the roles of catalyst, electrophile (halenium donor), and nucleophile in determining rates and stereopreferences. The test reaction, (DHQD)2PHAL-catalyzed chlorocyclization of 4-arylpent-4-enoic acid with 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin (DCDMH), is revealed to be first order in catalyst and chlorenium ion donor and zero order in alkenoic acid substrate under synthetically relevant conditions. The simplest interpretation is that rapid substrate-catalyst binding precedes rate-limiting chlorenium attack, controlling the face selectivity of both chlorine attack and lactone closure. ROESY and DFT studies, aided by crystal structures of carboxylic acids bound by the catalyst, point to a plausible resting state of the catalyst-substrate complex predisposed for asymmetric chlorolactonization. As revealed by our earlier labeling studies, these findings suggest modes of binding in the (DHQD)2PHAL chiral pocket that explain the system's remarkable control over rate- and enantioselection-determining events. Though a comprehensive modeling analysis is beyond the scope of the present work, quantum chemical analysis of the fragments' interactions and candidate reaction paths point to a one-step concerted process, with the nucleophile playing a critical role in activating the olefin for concomitant electrophilic attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roozbeh Yousefi
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Aritra Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Kumar Dilip Ashtekar
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Daniel C Whitehead
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Tayeb Kakeshpour
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Daniel Holmes
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Paul Reed
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - James E Jackson
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Babak Borhan
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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21
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Jiang W, Zhou J, Ma AJ, Li D, Ma YY, Zhao DG, Hou SH, Lin JB, Zhang SY. A dienamine-mediated deconjugative addition/cyclization cascade of γ,γ-disubstituted enals with carboxylic acid-activated enones: a rapid access to highly functionalized γ-lactones. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo01367a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
An aminocatalytic deconjugative addition/cyclization cascade of γ,γ-disubstituted enals with carboxylic acid-activated enones was realized, giving rise to highly functionalized γ-lactones with excellent enantioselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute
- Wuyi University
- Jiangmen 529020
- China
| | - Jia Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- China
| | - Ai-Jun Ma
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute
- Wuyi University
- Jiangmen 529020
- China
| | - Dongli Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute
- Wuyi University
- Jiangmen 529020
- China
| | - Yan-Yan Ma
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute
- Wuyi University
- Jiangmen 529020
- China
| | - Deng-Gao Zhao
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute
- Wuyi University
- Jiangmen 529020
- China
| | - Si-Hua Hou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- China
| | - Jun-Bing Lin
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yan'an University
- Yan'an 716000
- China
| | - Shu-Yu Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute
- Wuyi University
- Jiangmen 529020
- China
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22
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Wedek V, Van Lommel R, Daniliuc CG, De Proft F, Hennecke U. Organokatalytische, enantioselektive Dichlorierung unfunktionalisierter Alkene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201901777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Volker Wedek
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstr. 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Ruben Van Lommel
- General Chemistry Research GroupDepartment of ChemistryVrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) Pleinlaan 2 1050 Brussels Belgien
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstr. 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Frank De Proft
- General Chemistry Research GroupDepartment of ChemistryVrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) Pleinlaan 2 1050 Brussels Belgien
| | - Ulrich Hennecke
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstr. 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
- Organic Chemistry Research GroupDepartment of Chemistry and Department of Bioengineering SciencesVrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) Pleinlaan 2 1050 Brussels Belgien
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23
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Wedek V, Van Lommel R, Daniliuc CG, De Proft F, Hennecke U. Organocatalytic, Enantioselective Dichlorination of Unfunctionalized Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:9239-9243. [PMID: 31012510 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201901777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The use of a new class of unsymmetrical cinchona-alkaloid-based, phthalazine-bridged organocatalysts enabled the highly enantioselective dichlorination of unfunctionalized alkenes. In combination with the electrophilic chlorinating agent 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin (DCDMH) and triethylsilyl chloride (TES-Cl) as the source of nucleophilic chloride, 1-aryl-2-alkyl alkenes were dichlorinated with enantioselectivities of up to 94:6 er. Initial mechanistic investigations suggest that no free chlorine is formed, and by replacement of the chloride by fluoride, enantioselective chlorofluorinations of alkenes are possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Wedek
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Ruben Van Lommel
- General Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Constantin G Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Frank De Proft
- General Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ulrich Hennecke
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 40, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Organic Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry and Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
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24
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Yousefi R, Struble TJ, Payne JL, Vishe M, Schley ND, Johnston JN. Catalytic, Enantioselective Synthesis of Cyclic Carbamates from Dialkyl Amines by CO 2-Capture: Discovery, Development, and Mechanism. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 141:618-625. [PMID: 30582326 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b11793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic carbamates are a common feature of small-molecule therapeutics, offering a constrained hydrogen bond acceptor that is both polar and sterically small. Methods for their preparation most often focus first on amino alcohol synthesis and then reaction with phosgene or its equivalent. This report describes an enantioselective synthesis of cyclic carbamates in which carbon dioxide engages an unsaturated basic amine, facilitated by a bifunctional organocatalyst designed to stabilize a carbamic acid intermediate while activating it toward subsequent enantioselective carbon-oxygen bond formation. Six-membered cyclic carbamates are prepared in good yield with high levels of enantioselection, as constrained 1,3-amino alcohols featuring a chiral tertiary alcohol carbon. Spectroscopic analysis (NMR, DOSY) of various substrate-reagent combinations provides insight into the dominant species under the reaction conditions. Two peculiar requirements were identified to achieve highest consistency: a "Goldilocks" amount of water and the use of a noncrystalline form of the ligand. These atypical features of the final protocol notwithstanding, a diverse range of products could be prepared. Their functionalizations illustrate the versatility of the carbamates as precursors to enantioenriched small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roozbeh Yousefi
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , Tennessee 37235 , United States
| | - Thomas J Struble
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , Tennessee 37235 , United States
| | - Jenna L Payne
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , Tennessee 37235 , United States
| | - Mahesh Vishe
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , Tennessee 37235 , United States
| | - Nathan D Schley
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , Tennessee 37235 , United States
| | - Jeffrey N Johnston
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , Tennessee 37235 , United States
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25
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Nishikawa Y, Hamamoto Y, Satoh R, Akada N, Kajita S, Nomoto M, Miyata M, Nakamura M, Matsubara C, Hara O. Enantioselective Bromolactonization of Trisubstituted Olefinic Acids Catalyzed by Chiral Pyridyl Phosphoramides. Chemistry 2018; 24:18880-18885. [PMID: 30230634 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Enantioselective bromolactonization of trisubstituted olefinic acids producing synthetically useful chiral lactones with two contiguous asymmetric centers has remained mainly unexplored except for the 6-exo cyclization mode. In this work, the 5-exo- and 6-endo modes of bromocyclization of trisubstituted olefinic acids were enabled for the first time using N-bromosuccinimide and a pyridyl phosphoramide catalyst. The utility of the resulting bromolactones was demonstrated by transformations harnessing reactive alkyl bromide moieties without losing stereochemical information. Optimization studies and control experiments revealed that the basicity of pyridine moieties and presence of N-H protons in the phosphoramide species strongly affected both the reactivity and enantioselectivity parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Nishikawa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 468-8503, Japan
| | - Yuhta Hamamoto
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 468-8503, Japan
| | - Rika Satoh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 468-8503, Japan
| | - Naho Akada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 468-8503, Japan
| | - Shuhei Kajita
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 468-8503, Japan
| | - Marina Nomoto
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 468-8503, Japan
| | - Megumi Miyata
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 468-8503, Japan
| | - Madoka Nakamura
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 468-8503, Japan
| | - Chinatsu Matsubara
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 468-8503, Japan
| | - Osamu Hara
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 468-8503, Japan
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26
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Enantioselective intermolecular iodoacetalization of enol ethers catalyzed by chiral Co(III)-complex-templated Brønsted acids. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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27
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Cao YM, Lentz D, Christmann M. Synthesis of Enantioenriched Bromohydrins via Divergent Reactions of Racemic Intermediates from Anchimeric Oxygen Borrowing. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:10677-10681. [PMID: 30099869 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b06432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We report a chiral phosphoric acid catalyzed bromocyclization/regiodivergent reaction of racemic intermediates sequence, which is enabled by anchimeric oxygen borrowing. Different types of alkenes are applicable, and both enantiomers of the bromohydrin products were obtained in generally excellent yields and enantioselectivities. In addition, an example of enantioconvergent synthesis from the two isomeric products is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ming Cao
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Freie Universität Berlin , Takustraße 3 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Dieter Lentz
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Freie Universität Berlin , Takustraße 3 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Mathias Christmann
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Freie Universität Berlin , Takustraße 3 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
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28
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Klosowski DW, Hethcox JC, Paull DH, Fang C, Donald JR, Shugrue CR, Pansick AD, Martin SF. Enantioselective Halolactonization Reactions using BINOL-Derived Bifunctional Catalysts: Methodology, Diversification, and Applications. J Org Chem 2018; 83:5954-5968. [PMID: 29717607 PMCID: PMC5984189 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A general protocol is described for inducing enantioselective halolactonizations of unsaturated carboxylic acids using novel bifunctional organic catalysts derived from a chiral binaphthalene scaffold. Bromo- and iodolactonization reactions of diversely substituted, unsaturated carboxylic acids proceed with high degrees of enantioselectivity, regioselectivity, and diastereoselectivity. Notably, these BINOL-derived catalysts are the first to induce the bromo- and iodolactonizations of 5-alkyl-4( Z)-olefinic acids via 5- exo mode cyclizations to give lactones in which new carbon-halogen bonds are created at a stereogenic center with high diastereo- and enantioselectivities. Iodolactonizations of 6-substituted-5( Z)-olefinic acids also occur via 6- exo cyclizations to provide δ-lactones with excellent enantioselectivities. Several notable applications of this halolactonization methodology were developed for desymmetrization, kinetic resolution, and epoxidation of Z-alkenes. The utility of these reactions is demonstrated by their application to a synthesis of precursors of the F-ring subunit of kibdelone C and to the shortest catalytic, enantioselective synthesis of (+)-disparlure reported to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W. Klosowski
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - J. Caleb Hethcox
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712
| | | | | | | | | | - Andrew D. Pansick
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - Stephen F. Martin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712
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29
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Knowe MT, Danneman MW, Sun S, Pink M, Johnston JN. Biomimetic Desymmetrization of a Carboxylic Acid. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:1998-2001. [PMID: 29400455 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b12185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The enantioselective desymmetrization of carboxylic acids by chiral Brønsted base catalysis is reported, leading to bridged bicyclic lactones with up to 94% ee. Crystallographic analysis of a substrate-catalyst complex suggests an origin of stereocontrol, reminiscent of functional Brønsted bases in biological settings, and enabled reaction optimization. The products contain an all-carbon quaternary stereocenter and can be derivatized to functionalized cyclopentanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Knowe
- Department of Chemistry & Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1822, United States
| | - Michael W Danneman
- Department of Chemistry & Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1822, United States
| | - Sarah Sun
- Department of Chemistry & Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1822, United States
| | - Maren Pink
- Indiana University Molecular Structure Center , Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Jeffrey N Johnston
- Department of Chemistry & Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1822, United States
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30
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Salehi Marzijarani N, Yousefi R, Jaganathan A, Ashtekar KD, Jackson JE, Borhan B. Absolute and relative facial selectivities in organocatalytic asymmetric chlorocyclization reactions. Chem Sci 2018; 9:2898-2908. [PMID: 29719676 PMCID: PMC5896375 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc04430e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
For four related 1,1-disubstituted olefins, (DHQD)2PHAL-catalyzed asymmetric chlorocyclization delivers Cl+ uniformly to one π face, but cyclizes with strong but differing net syn vs. anti addition.
Though (DHQD)2PHAL-catalyzed chlorocyclizations of 1,1-disubstituted olefins show useful (and in some cases, reversible) asymmetric induction, stereochemically complete descriptions of these alkene additions have remained largely unknown. Herein, based on a combination of NMR, derivative, isotope labeling, and computational studies, we present detailed stereochemical analyses of chlorocyclizations of nucleophile-tethered 1,1-disubstituted styryl systems. The selectivities of the two asymmetric bond-forming processes, namely electrophilic chlorine attack and nucleophilic ring closure, are thus mapped out independently. Under the established optimal conditions, four related chlorocyclizations were subjected to this analysis. All showed a strong preference for Cl+ delivery from the same face of the alkene. However, depending on reaction conditions and substrate identity (carboxylic acid, amide or carbamate), the internal nucleophiles may close with a strong net preference for either syn or anti addition relative to the Cl atom. Studies of both uncatalyzed and (DHQD)2PHAL-catalyzed processes place new boundary conditions on the role of the catalyst in these reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roozbeh Yousefi
- Department of Chemistry , Michigan State University , East Lansing , Michigan 48824 , USA . ;
| | - Arvind Jaganathan
- Dow AgroSciences LLC , 9330 Zionsville Road , Indianapolis , IN 46268 , USA
| | - Kumar Dilip Ashtekar
- Department of Chemistry , Michigan State University , East Lansing , Michigan 48824 , USA . ;
| | - James E Jackson
- Department of Chemistry , Michigan State University , East Lansing , Michigan 48824 , USA . ;
| | - Babak Borhan
- Department of Chemistry , Michigan State University , East Lansing , Michigan 48824 , USA . ;
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31
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Yu SN, Li YL, Deng J. Enantioselective Synthesis of 2-Bromomethyl Indolines via BINAP(S)-Catalyzed Bromoaminocyclization of Allyl Aniline. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201700106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Nan Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 People's Republic of China
| | - Yin-Long Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Innovative Drug Research Centre; Chongqing University; 55 Daxuecheng South Road, Shapingba Chongqing 401331 People's Republic of China
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32
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Yang H, Fan GT, Zhou L, Chen J. Enantioselective Chloro-O-cyclization of UnsaturatedN-Tosylcarbamates. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201601328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science; Northwest University; Xi'an 710127 People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Tao Fan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science; Northwest University; Xi'an 710127 People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science; Northwest University; Xi'an 710127 People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science; Northwest University; Xi'an 710127 People's Republic of China
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33
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Soltanzadeh B, Jaganathan A, Yi Y, Yi H, Staples RJ, Borhan B. Highly Regio- and Enantioselective Vicinal Dihalogenation of Allyl Amides. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:2132-2135. [PMID: 28112919 PMCID: PMC7790169 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b09203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We report a highly regio-, diastereo- and enantioselective vicinal dihalogenation of allyl amides. E- and Z-alkenes with both aryl and alkyl substituents were compatible with this chemistry. This is the result of exquisite catalyst controlled regioselectivity enabling use of electronically unbiased substrates. The reaction employs commercially available catalysts and halenium sources along with cheap inorganic halide salts to affect this transformation. A preliminary effort to extend this chemistry to heterodihalogenation is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bardia Soltanzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Arvind Jaganathan
- Dow Agrosciences LLC, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, United States
| | - Yi Yi
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Hajoon Yi
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Richard J. Staples
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Babak Borhan
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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34
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Griffin JD, Cavanaugh CL, Nicewicz DA. Reversing the Regioselectivity of Halofunctionalization Reactions through Cooperative Photoredox and Copper Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:2097-2100. [PMID: 28105772 PMCID: PMC5512862 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201610722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Halofunctionalization of alkenes is a classical method for olefin difunctionalization. It gives rise to adducts which are found in many natural products and biologically active molecules, and offers a synthetic handle for further manipulation. Classically, this reaction is performed with an electrophilic halogen source and leads to regioselective formation of the halofunctionalized adducts. Herein, we demonstrate a reversal of the native regioselectivity for alkene halofunctionalization through the use of an acridinium photooxidant in conjunction with a copper cocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy D Griffin
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3290, USA
| | - Cortney L Cavanaugh
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3290, USA
| | - David A Nicewicz
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3290, USA
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35
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Griffin JD, Cavanaugh CL, Nicewicz DA. Reversing the Regioselectivity of Halofunctionalization Reactions through Cooperative Photoredox and Copper Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201610722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy D. Griffin
- Department of Chemistry; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill NC 27599-3290 USA
| | - Cortney L. Cavanaugh
- Department of Chemistry; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill NC 27599-3290 USA
| | - David A. Nicewicz
- Department of Chemistry; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill NC 27599-3290 USA
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36
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Li J, Li Z, Zhang X, Xu B, Shi Y. Catalytic enantioselective bromohydroxylation of aryl olefins with flexible functionalities. Org Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6qo00636a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A highly enantioselective bromohydroxylation of aryl olefins with flexible functionalities has been achieved with (DHQD)2PHAL as a catalyst and H2O as a nucleophile, giving a variety of optically active bromohydrins with up to 98% ee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Zequan Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Xun Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Bing Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Yian Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
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37
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Wilking M, Daniliuc CG, Hennecke U. Monomeric Cinchona Alkaloid-Based Catalysts for Highly Enantioselective Bromolactonisation of Alkynes. Chemistry 2016; 22:18601-18607. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wilking
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Correnstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Correnstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Ulrich Hennecke
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Correnstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
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38
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Denmark SE, Ryabchuk P, Burk MT, Gilbert BB. Toward Catalytic, Enantioselective Chlorolactonization of 1,2-Disubstituted Styrenyl Carboxylic Acids. J Org Chem 2016; 81:10411-10423. [PMID: 27555101 PMCID: PMC5100718 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
An investigation into the use of Lewis base catalysis for the enantioselective chlorolactonization of 1,2-disubstituted alkenoic acids is described. Two mechanistically distinct reaction pathways for catalytic chlorolactonization have been identified. Mechanistic investigation revealed that tertiary amines predominately operate as Brønsted rather than Lewis bases. Two potential modes of activation have been identified that involve donation of electron density of the carboxylate to the C═C bond as well hydrogen bonding to the chlorinating agent. Sulfur- and selenium-based additives operate under Lewis base catalysis; however, due to the instability of the intermediate benzylic chloriranium ion, chlorolactonization suffers from low chemo-, diastereo-, and enantioselectivities. Independent generation of the benzylic chloriranium ion shows that it is in equilibrium with an open cation, which leads to low specificities in the nucleophilic capture of the intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pavel Ryabchuk
- Department
of Chemistry University of Illinois 600 South Mathews Avenue Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Matthew T. Burk
- Department
of Chemistry University of Illinois 600 South Mathews Avenue Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Bradley B. Gilbert
- Department
of Chemistry University of Illinois 600 South Mathews Avenue Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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39
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Ashtekar KD, Vetticatt M, Yousefi R, Jackson JE, Borhan B. Nucleophile-Assisted Alkene Activation: Olefins Alone Are Often Incompetent. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:8114-9. [PMID: 27284808 PMCID: PMC5340197 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b02877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Emerging work on organocatalytic enantioselective halocyclizations naturally draws on conditions where both new bonds must be formed under delicate control, the reaction regime where the concerted nature of the AdE3 mechanism is of greatest importance. Without assistance, many simple alkene substrates react slowly or not at all with conventional halenium donors under synthetically relevant reaction conditions. As demonstrated earlier by Shilov, Cambie, Williams, Fahey, and others, alkenes can undergo a concerted AdE3-type reaction via nucleophile participation, which sets the configuration of the newly created stereocenters at both ends in one step. Herein, we explore the modulation of alkene reactivity and halocyclization rates by nucleophile proximity and basicity, through detailed analyses of starting material spectroscopy, addition stereopreferences, isotope effects, and nucleophile-alkene interactions, all obtained in a context directly relevant to synthesis reaction conditions. The findings build on the prior work by highlighting the reactivity spectrum of halocyclizations from stepwise to concerted, and suggest strategies for design of new reactions. Alkene reactivity is seen to span the range from the often overgeneralized "sophomore textbook" image of stepwise electrophilic attack on the alkene and subsequent nucleophilic bond formation, to the nucleophile-assisted alkene activation (NAAA) cases where electron donation from the nucleophilic addition partner activates the alkene for electrophilic attack. By highlighting the factors that control reactivity across this range, this study suggests opportunities to explain and control stereo-, regio-, and organocatalytic chemistry in this important class of alkene additions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Dilip Ashtekar
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Mathew Vetticatt
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Roozbeh Yousefi
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - James E. Jackson
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Babak Borhan
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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40
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Pan H, Huang H, Liu W, Tian H, Shi Y. Phosphine Oxide-Sc(OTf)3 Catalyzed Highly Regio- and Enantioselective Bromoaminocyclization of (E)-Cinnamyl Tosylcarbamates. An Approach to a Class of Synthetically Versatile Functionalized Molecules. Org Lett 2016; 18:896-9. [PMID: 26894481 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b03459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A highly regio- and enantioselective bromoaminocyclization of (E)-cinnamyl tosylcarbamates catalyzed by a chiral phosphine oxide-Sc(OTf)3 complex is described. A wide variety of optically active aryl 5-bromo-1,3-oxazinan-2-ones can be obtained with high yield and enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Pan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hu Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Weigang Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hua Tian
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yian Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China.,Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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41
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Tandem superelectrophilic activation for the regioselective chlorofluorination of recalcitrant allylic amines. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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42
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Huang WS, Chen L, Zheng ZJ, Yang KF, Xu Z, Cui YM, Xu LW. Catalytic asymmetric bromochlorination of aromatic allylic alcohols promoted by multifunctional Schiff base ligands. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:7927-32. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01306f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aromatic bromochloroalcohols with two bromide/chloride-linked carbon-stereogenic centers were obtained in moderate to excellent regio- and enantioselectivities as well as good yields and chemoselectivities in the catalytic asymmetric bromochlorination of allylic alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Sheng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education
- Hangzhou Normal University
- Hangzhou 311121
- P. R. China
| | - Li Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education
- Hangzhou Normal University
- Hangzhou 311121
- P. R. China
| | - Zhan-Jiang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education
- Hangzhou Normal University
- Hangzhou 311121
- P. R. China
| | - Ke-Fang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education
- Hangzhou Normal University
- Hangzhou 311121
- P. R. China
| | - Zheng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education
- Hangzhou Normal University
- Hangzhou 311121
- P. R. China
| | - Yu-Ming Cui
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education
- Hangzhou Normal University
- Hangzhou 311121
- P. R. China
| | - Li-Wen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education
- Hangzhou Normal University
- Hangzhou 311121
- P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
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43
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Cresswell AJ, Eey STC, Denmark SE. Catalytic, Stereoselective Dihalogenation of Alkenes: Challenges and Opportunities. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:15642-82. [PMID: 26630449 PMCID: PMC5072131 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201507152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Although recent years have witnessed significant advances in the development of catalytic, enantioselective halofunctionalizations of alkenes, the related dihalogenation of olefins to afford enantioenriched vicinal dihalide products remains comparatively underdeveloped. However, the growing number of complex natural products bearing halogen atoms at stereogenic centers has underscored this critical gap in the synthetic chemist's arsenal. This Review highlights the selectivity challenges inherent in the design of enantioselective dihalogenation processes, and formulates a mechanism-based classification of alkene dihalogenations, including those that may circumvent the "classical" haliranium (or alkene-dihalogen π-complex) intermediates. A variety of metal and main group halide reagents that have been used for the dichlorination or dibromination of alkenes are discussed, and the proposed mechanisms of these transformations are critically evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stanley T-C Eey
- Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, A*STAR, Singapore 138667 (Singapore)
| | - Scott E Denmark
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 (USA) http://www.scs.illinois.edu/denmark.
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44
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Katalytische stereoselektive Dihalogenierung von Alkenen: Herausforderungen und Chancen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201507152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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45
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Li Z, Shi Y. Chiral Phosphine Oxide-Sc(OTf)3 Complex Catalyzed Enantioselective Bromoaminocyclization of 2-Benzofuranylmethyl N-Tosylcarbamates. Approach to a Novel Class of Optically Active Spiro Compounds. Org Lett 2015; 17:5752-5. [PMID: 26571147 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b02817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
An efficient enantioselective bromoaminocyclization of 2-benzofuranylmethyl N-tosylcarbamates catalyzed by a chiral phosphine oxide-Sc(OTf)(3) complex is described. A wide variety of optically active spiro benzofuran oxazolidinones can be obtained with high enantioselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zequan Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yian Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China.,State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Center for Multimolecular Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China.,Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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46
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Soltanzadeh B, Jaganathan A, Staples RJ, Borhan B. Highly Stereoselective Intermolecular Haloetherification and Haloesterification of Allyl Amides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:9517-22. [PMID: 26110812 PMCID: PMC4874786 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201502341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
An organocatalytic and highly regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselective intermolecular haloetherification and haloesterification reaction of allyl amides is reported. A variety of alkene substituents and substitution patterns are compatible with this chemistry. Notably, electronically unbiased alkene substrates exhibit exquisite regio- and diastereoselectivity for the title transformation. We also demonstrate that the same catalytic system can be used in both chlorination and bromination reactions of allyl amides with a variety of nucleophiles with little or no modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bardia Soltanzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, E. Lansing, MI 48824 (USA)
| | - Arvind Jaganathan
- Engineering and Process Sciences, Core R&D, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI 48674 (USA)
| | - Richard J Staples
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, E. Lansing, MI 48824 (USA)
| | - Babak Borhan
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, E. Lansing, MI 48824 (USA).
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47
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Liu W, Pan H, Tian H, Shi Y. Enantioselective 6-exo-Bromoaminocyclization of Homoallylic N-Tosylcarbamates Catalyzed by a Novel Monophosphine-Sc(OTf)3 Complex. Org Lett 2015; 17:3956-9. [PMID: 26186576 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b01779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A highly enantioselective 6-exo-bromoaminocyclization of (E)-homoallylic N-tosylcarbamates catalyzed by a novel monophosphine-Sc(OTf)3 complex is described, giving a wide variety of optically active oxazinanones with high enantioselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weigang Liu
- †Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hongjie Pan
- †Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hua Tian
- †Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yian Shi
- †Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,‡State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Center for Multimolecular Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.,§Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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48
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Soltanzadeh B, Jaganathan A, Staples RJ, Borhan B. Highly Stereoselective Intermolecular Haloetherification and Haloesterification of Allyl Amides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201502341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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49
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Vara BA, Struble TJ, Wang W, Dobish MC, Johnston JN. Enantioselective small molecule synthesis by carbon dioxide fixation using a dual Brønsted acid/base organocatalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:7302-5. [PMID: 26039818 PMCID: PMC4708058 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b04425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide exhibits many of the qualities of an ideal reagent: it is nontoxic, plentiful, and inexpensive. Unlike other gaseous reagents, however, it has found limited use in enantioselective synthesis. Moreover, unprecedented is a tool that merges one of the simplest biological approaches to catalysis-Brønsted acid/base activation-with this abundant reagent. We describe a metal-free small molecule catalyst that achieves the three component reaction between a homoallylic alcohol, carbon dioxide, and an electrophilic source of iodine. Cyclic carbonates are formed enantioselectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon A. Vara
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235
| | - Thomas J. Struble
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235
| | - Mark C. Dobish
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235
| | - Jeffrey N. Johnston
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235
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50
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Campbell ML, Rackley SA, Giambalvo LN, Whitehead DC. Vanadium (V) oxide mediated bromolactonization of alkenoic acids. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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