1
|
Solomon G, Landström A, Rotta Loria S, Bolli E, Mezzetti A, Facibeni A, Cattarin S, Mezzi A, Protti S, Kaciulis S, Zavelani-Rossi M, Concina I. Tunable physics through coordination chemistry: formation on oxide surface of Ti and Al chelates with 3-hydroxyflavone capable of electron injection and light emission. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:18489-18501. [PMID: 36421057 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02195a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The optoelectronic features of 3-hydroxyflavone (3HF) self-assembled on the surface of an n-type semiconducting metal oxide (TiO2) and an insulator (Al2O3) are herein investigated. 3HF molecules use the coordinatively unsaturated metal ions present on the oxide surface to form metal complexes, which exhibit different behaviors upon light irradiation, depending on the nature of the metal ion. Specifically, we show that the photoluminescence of the surface species can be modulated according to the chemical properties of the complex (i.e. the binding metal ion), resulting in solid-state emitters in a high quantum yield (about 15%). Furthermore, photoinduced charge injection can be promoted or inhibited, providing a multifunctional hybrid system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Getachew Solomon
- Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden.
| | - Anton Landström
- Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden.
| | - Silvia Rotta Loria
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Eleonora Bolli
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials, ISMN-CNR, 00015 Monterotondo Stazione, Roma, Italy
| | - Alberto Mezzetti
- Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface (LRS), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris 75005, France
| | - Anna Facibeni
- Dipartimento di Energia, Politecnico di Milano, via G. Ponzio 34/3, 20133 Milano, Italy.,IFN-CNR, piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Sandro Cattarin
- Istituto di Chimica della Materia Condensata e di Tecnologie per l'Energia, ICMATE-CNR, C.so Stati Uniti 4, 35127, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessio Mezzi
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials, ISMN-CNR, 00015 Monterotondo Stazione, Roma, Italy
| | - Stefano Protti
- Photogreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 10, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Saulius Kaciulis
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials, ISMN-CNR, 00015 Monterotondo Stazione, Roma, Italy
| | - Margherita Zavelani-Rossi
- Dipartimento di Energia, Politecnico di Milano, via G. Ponzio 34/3, 20133 Milano, Italy.,IFN-CNR, piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Isabella Concina
- Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu J, Goetjen TA, Wang Q, Knapp JG, Wasson MC, Yang Y, Syed ZH, Delferro M, Notestein JM, Farha OK, Hupp JT. MOF-enabled confinement and related effects for chemical catalyst presentation and utilization. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:1045-1097. [PMID: 35005751 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00968k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A defining characteristic of nearly all catalytically functional MOFs is uniform, molecular-scale porosity. MOF pores, linkers and nodes that define them, help regulate reactant and product transport, catalyst siting, catalyst accessibility, catalyst stability, catalyst activity, co-catalyst proximity, composition of the chemical environment at and beyond the catalytic active site, chemical intermediate and transition-state conformations, thermodynamic affinity of molecular guests for MOF interior sites, framework charge and density of charge-compensating ions, pore hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity, pore and channel rigidity vs. flexibility, and other features and properties. Collectively and individually, these properties help define overall catalyst functional behaviour. This review focuses on how porous, catalyst-containing MOFs capitalize on molecular-scale confinement, containment, isolation, environment modulation, energy delivery, and mobility to accomplish desired chemical transformations with potentially superior selectivity or other efficacy, especially in comparison to catalysts in homogeneous solution environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Timothy A Goetjen
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, IL 60208, USA. .,Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Qining Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Julia G Knapp
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Megan C Wasson
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Zoha H Syed
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, IL 60208, USA. .,Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Massimiliano Delferro
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Justin M Notestein
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Omar K Farha
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, IL 60208, USA. .,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Joseph T Hupp
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Song H, Lin Y, Zhang Z, Rao H, Wang W, Fang Y, Pan Z, Zhong X. Improving the Efficiency of Quantum Dot Sensitized Solar Cells beyond 15% via Secondary Deposition. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:4790-4800. [PMID: 33734670 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c01214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Low loading is one of the bottlenecks limiting the performance of quantum dot sensitized solar cells (QDSCs). Although previous QD secondary deposition relying on electrostatic interaction can improve QD loading, due to the introduction of new recombination centers, it is not capable of enhancing the photovoltage and fill factor. Herein, without the introduction of new recombination centers, a convenient QD secondary deposition approach is developed by creating new adsorption sites via the formation of a metal oxyhydroxide layer around QD presensitized photoanodes. MgCl2 solution treated Zn-Cu-In-S-Se (ZCISSe) QD sensitized TiO2 film electrodes have been chosen as a model device to investigate this secondary deposition approach. The experimental results demonstrate that additional 38% of the QDs are immobilized on the photoanode as a single layer. Due to the increased QD loading and concomitant enhanced light-harvesting capacity and reduced charge recombination, not only photocurrent but also photovoltage and fill factor have been remarkably enhanced. The average PCE of resulted ZCISSe QDSCs is boosted to 15.31% (Jsc = 26.52 mA cm-2, Voc = 0.802 V, FF = 0.720), from the original 13.54% (Jsc = 24.23 mA cm-2, Voc = 0.789 V, FF = 0.708). Furthermore, a new certified PCE record of 15.20% has been obtained for liquid-junction QDSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Song
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Lin
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Huashang Rao
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenran Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueping Fang
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenxiao Pan
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhua Zhong
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang D, Huang Q, Shi W, You W, Meyer TJ. Application of Atomic Layer Deposition in Dye-Sensitized Photoelectrosynthesis Cells. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
5
|
Oppelt KT, Sevéry L, Utters M, Tilley SD, Hamm P. Flexible to rigid: IR spectroscopic investigation of a rhenium-tricarbonyl-complex at a buried interface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:4311-4316. [PMID: 33587068 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06546c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This work explores the solid-liquid interface of a rhenium-tricarbonyl complex embedded in a layer of zirconium oxide deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD). Time-resolved and steady state infrared spectroscopy were applied to reveal the correlations between the thickness of the ALD layer and the spectroscopic response of the system. We observed a transition of the molecular environment from flexible to rigid, as well as limitations to ligand exchange and excited state quenching on the embedded complexes, when the ALD layer is roughly of the same height as the molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin T Oppelt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Laurent Sevéry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Mirjam Utters
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - S David Tilley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Peter Hamm
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hossain MA, Khoo KT, Cui X, Poduval GK, Zhang T, Li X, Li WM, Hoex B. Atomic layer deposition enabling higher efficiency solar cells: A review. NANO MATERIALS SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoms.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
7
|
Robb AJ, Miles D, Salpage SR, Watson N, He Q, Wu Q, Hanson K. Role of Metal Ion-Linked Multilayer Thickness and Substrate Porosity in Surface Loading, Diffusion, and Solar Energy Conversion. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:38003-38011. [PMID: 32799530 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c07968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Metal ion-linked multilayers offer an easily prepared and modular architecture for controlling energy and electron transfer events on nanoparticle, metal oxide films. However, unlike with planar electrodes, the mesoporous nature of the films inherently limits both the thickness of the multilayer and subsequent diffusion through the pores. Here, we systematically investigated the role of TiO2 nanoparticle film porosity and metal ion-linked multilayer thickness in surface loading, through-pore diffusion, and overall device performance. The TiO2 porosity was controlled by varying TiO2 sintering times. Molecular multilayer thickness was controlled through assembling ZnII-linked bridging molecules (B = p-terphenyl diphosphonic acid) between the metal oxide and the Ru(bpy)2((4,4'-PO3H2)2bpy)]Cl2 dye (RuP), thus producing TiO2-(Bn)-RuP films. Using attenuated total reflectance infrared absorption and UV-vis spectroscopy, we observed that at least two molecular layers (i.e., TiO2-B2 or TiO2-B1-RuP) could be formed on all films but subsequent loading was dependent on the porosity of the TiO2. Rough estimates indicate that in a film with 34 nm average pore diameter, the maximum multilayer film thickness is on the order of 4.6-6 nm, which decreases with decreasing pore size. These films were then incorporated as the photoanodes in dye-sensitized solar cells with cobalt(II/III)tris(4,4'-di-tert-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine) as a redox mediator. In agreement with the surface-loading studies, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements indicate that mediator diffusion is significantly hindered in films with thicker multilayers and less porous TiO2. Collectively, these results show that care must be taken to balance multilayer thickness, substrate porosity, and size of the mediator in designing and maximizing the performance of new multilayer energy and electron management architectures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex J Robb
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Dalton Miles
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Sahan R Salpage
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Noelle Watson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Qingquan He
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Qiang Wu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida A&M University-Florida State University College of Engineering, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Kenneth Hanson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Materna K, Beiler AM, Thapper A, Ott S, Tian H, Hammarström L. Understanding the Performance of NiO Photocathodes with Alkyl-Derivatized Cobalt Catalysts and a Push-Pull Dye. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:31372-31381. [PMID: 32538612 PMCID: PMC7467559 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c05228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Mesoporous NiO photocathodes containing the push-pull dye PB6 and alkyl-derivatized cobaloxime catalysts were prepared using surface amide couplings and analyzed for photocatalytic proton reduction catalysis. The length of the alkyl linker used to derivatize the cobalt catalysts was found to correlate to the photocurrent with the highest photocurrent observed using shorter alkyl linkers but the lowest one for samples without linker. The alkyl linkers were also helpful in slowing dye-NiO charge recombination. Photoelectrochemical measurements and femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopic measurements suggested electron transfer to the surface-immobilized catalysts occurred; however, H2 evolution was not observed. Based on UV-vis, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements, the cobalt catalyst appeared to be limiting the photocathode performance mainly via cobalt demetallation from the oxime ligand. This study highlights the need for a deeper understanding of the effect of catalyst molecular design on photocathode performance.
Collapse
|
9
|
Robb AJ, Knorr ES, Watson N, Hanson K. Metal ion linked multilayers on mesoporous substrates: Energy/electron transfer, photon upconversion, and more. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.112291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
10
|
|
11
|
James EM, Bennett MT, Bangle RE, Meyer GJ. Electron Localization and Transport in SnO 2/TiO 2 Mesoporous Thin Films: Evidence for a SnO 2/Sn xTi 1-xO 2/TiO 2 Structure. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:12694-12703. [PMID: 31433656 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A study of SnO2/TiO2 core/shell films was undertaken to investigate the influences of shell thickness and post deposition sintering on electron localization and transport properties. Electrochemical reduction of the materials resulted in the appearance of a broad visible-near IR absorbance that provided insights into the electronic state(s) within the core/shell structures. As the shell thickness was increased from 0.5 to 5 nm, evidence for the presence of a SnxTi1-xO2 interfacial state emerged that was physically located between the core and the shell. The lifetime of photoinjected electrons increased with the shell thickness. Electron transport occurred through the SnO2 core; however, when materials with shell thicknesses ≥2 nm were annealed at 450 °C, a new electron transport pathway through the shell was evident. The data indicate that these materials are best described as SnO2/SnxTi1-xO2/TiO2 where electrons preferentially localize in a SnxTi1-xO2 interfacial state and transport through SnO2 and annealed TiO2 (if present). The implications of these results for applications in solar energy conversion are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erica M James
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Marc T Bennett
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Rachel E Bangle
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Gerald J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Shevchenko VP, Nagaev IY, Myasoedov NF. Effect of Processes Occurring in the Presence of Metal Catalysts on the Main Characteristics of the Hydrogen Isotope Labeled Organic Compounds Obtained. RADIOCHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1066362219030019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
13
|
Liu Q, Wang D, Shan B, Sherman BD, Marquard SL, Eberhart MS, Liu M, Li C, Meyer TJ. Light-driven water oxidation by a dye-sensitized photoanode with a chromophore/catalyst assembly on a mesoporous double-shell electrode. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:041727. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5048780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Degao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Bing Shan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Benjamin D. Sherman
- Department of Chemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas 76129, USA
| | - Seth L. Marquard
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Michael S. Eberhart
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Meichuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Chunhui Li
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Zhengzou University, Henan 4500001, China
| | - Thomas J. Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Swierk JR, McCool NS, Röhr JA, Hedström S, Konezny SJ, Nemes CT, Xu P, Batista VS, Mallouk TE, Schmuttenmaer CA. Ultrafast proton-assisted tunneling through ZrO 2 in dye-sensitized SnO 2-core/ZrO 2-shell films. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:7971-7974. [PMID: 29961797 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc04189j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Core-shell architectures are used to modulate injection and recombination in dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cells. Here, we demonstrate that exposing SnO2-core/ZrO2-shell films to acid permits photoinduced electron transfer through ZrO2-shells at least 4 nm thick. A novel mechanism of charge transfer is proposed where protonic defects permit ultrafast trap-assisted tunneling of electrons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John R Swierk
- Department of Chemistry and Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Pace NA, Arias DH, Granger DB, Christensen S, Anthony JE, Johnson JC. Dynamics of singlet fission and electron injection in self-assembled acene monolayers on titanium dioxide. Chem Sci 2018; 9:3004-3013. [PMID: 29732084 PMCID: PMC5915837 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc04688j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We employ a combination of linear spectroscopy, electrochemistry, and transient absorption spectroscopy to characterize the interplay between electron transfer and singlet fission dynamics in polyacene-based dyes attached to nanostructured TiO2. For triisopropyl silylethynyl (TIPS)-pentacene, we find that the singlet fission time constant increases to 6.5 ps on a nanostructured TiO2 surface relative to a thin film time constant of 150 fs, and that triplets do not dissociate after they are formed. In contrast, TIPS-tetracene singlets quickly dissociate in 2 ps at the molecule/TiO2 interface, and this dissociation outcompetes the relatively slow singlet fission process. The addition of an alumina layer slows down electron injection, allowing the formation of triplets from singlet fission in 40 ps. However, the triplets do not inject electrons, which is likely due to a lack of sufficient driving force for triplet dissociation. These results point to the critical balance required between efficient singlet fission and appropriate energetics for interfacial charge transfer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A Pace
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden , CO 80401 , USA .
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Colorado , Boulder , CO 80309 , USA
| | - Dylan H Arias
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden , CO 80401 , USA .
| | - Devin B Granger
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kentucky , Lexington , KY 40506 , USA
| | | | - John E Anthony
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kentucky , Lexington , KY 40506 , USA
| | - Justin C Johnson
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden , CO 80401 , USA .
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Dana J, Maiti S, Tripathi VS, Ghosh HN. Direct Correlation of Excitonics with Efficiency in a Core-Shell Quantum Dot Solar Cell. Chemistry 2018; 24:2418-2425. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jayanta Dana
- Radiation and Photochemistry Division; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre; Mumbai 400085 India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute; Anushakti Nagar Mumbai 400094 India
| | - Sourav Maiti
- Radiation and Photochemistry Division; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre; Mumbai 400085 India
- Department of Chemistry; Savitribai Phule Pune University; Ganeshkhind Pune 411007 India
| | - Vaidehi S. Tripathi
- Radiation and Photochemistry Division; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre; Mumbai 400085 India
| | - Hirendra N. Ghosh
- Radiation and Photochemistry Division; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre; Mumbai 400085 India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute; Anushakti Nagar Mumbai 400094 India
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology; Mohali Punjab 160062 India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ghobadi TGU, Ghobadi A, Ozbay E, Karadas F. Strategies for Plasmonic Hot-Electron-Driven Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201700165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Turkan Gamze Ulusoy Ghobadi
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center; Bilkent University; Ankara 06800 Turkey
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology; Bilkent University; Ankara 06800 Turkey
- Department of Energy Engineering; Faculty of Engineering; Ankara University; Ankara 06830 Turkey
| | - Amir Ghobadi
- NANOTAM- Nanotechnology Research Center; Bilkent University; Ankara 06800 Turkey
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering; Bilkent University; Ankara 06800 Turkey
| | - Ekmel Ozbay
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center; Bilkent University; Ankara 06800 Turkey
- NANOTAM- Nanotechnology Research Center; Bilkent University; Ankara 06800 Turkey
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering; Bilkent University; Ankara 06800 Turkey
- Department of Physics; Bilkent University; Ankara 06800 Turkey
| | - Ferdi Karadas
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center; Bilkent University; Ankara 06800 Turkey
- Department of Chemistry; Bilkent University; Ankara 06800 Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang D, Farnum BH, Sheridan MV, Marquard SL, Sherman BD, Meyer TJ. Inner Layer Control of Performance in a Dye-Sensitized Photoelectrosynthesis Cell. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:33533-33538. [PMID: 28244735 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Interfacial charge transfer and core-shell structures play important roles in dye-sensitized photoelectrosynthesis cells (DSPEC) for water splitting into H2 and O2. An important element in the design of the photoanode in these devices is a core/shell structure which controls local electron transfer dynamics. Here, we introduce a new element, an internal layer of Al2O3 lying between the Sb:SnO2/TiO2 layers in a core/shell electrode which can improve photocurrents by up to 300%. In these structures, the results of photocurrent, transient absorption, and linear scan voltammetry measurements point to an important role for the Al2O3 layer in controlling internal electron transfer within the core/shell structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Degao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Byron H Farnum
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Matthew V Sheridan
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Seth L Marquard
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Benjamin D Sherman
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Thomas J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hoffeditz WL, Pellin MJ, Farha OK, Hupp JT. Determining the Conduction Band-Edge Potential of Solar-Cell-Relevant Nb 2O 5 Fabricated by Atomic Layer Deposition. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:9298-9306. [PMID: 28499092 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b00683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Often key to boosting photovoltages in photoelectrochemical and related solar-energy-conversion devices is the preferential slowing of rates of charge recombination-especially recombination at semiconductor/solution, semiconductor/polymer, or semiconductor/perovskite interfaces. In devices featuring TiO2 as the semiconducting component, a common approach to slowing recombination is to install an ultrathin metal oxide barrier layer or trap-passivating layer atop the semiconductor, with the needed layer often being formed via atomic layer deposition (ALD). A particularly promising barrier layer material is Nb2O5. Its conduction-band-edge potential ECB is low enough that charge injection from an adsorbed molecular, polymeric, or solid-state light absorber and into the semiconductor can still occur, but high enough that charge recombination is inhibited. While a few measurements of ECB have been reported for conventionally synthesized, bulk Nb2O5, none have been described for ALD-fabricated versions. Here, we specifically determine the conduction-band-edge energy of ALD-fabricated Nb2O5 relative to that of TiO2. We find that, while the value for ALD-Nb2O5 is indeed higher than that for TiO2, the difference is less than anticipated based on measurements of conventionally synthesized Nb2O5 and is dependent on the thermal history of the material. The implications of the findings for optimization of competing interfacial rate processes, and therefore photovoltages, are briefly discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William L Hoffeditz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Michael J Pellin
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Material Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Omar K Farha
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Joseph T Hupp
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Material Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Shevchenko VP, Nagaev IY, Andreeva LA, Myasoedov NF. Tritium-labeled 5-oxo-Pro-Arg-Pro. DOKLADY CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0012500817040061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
21
|
Hoffeditz WL, Son HJ, Pellin MJ, Farha OK, Hupp JT. Engendering Long-Term Air and Light Stability of a TiO 2-Supported Porphyrinic Dye via Atomic Layer Deposition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:34863-34869. [PMID: 27935694 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b10844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Organic and porphyrin-based chromophores are prevalent in liquid-junction photovoltaic and photocatalytic solar-cell chemistry; however, their long-term air and light instability may limit their practicality in real world technologies. Here, we describe the protection of a zinc porphyrin dye, adsorbed on nanoparticulate TiO2, from air and light degradation by a protective coating of alumina grown with a previously developed post-treatment atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique. The protective Al2O3 ALD layer is deposited using dimethylaluminum isopropoxide as an Al source; in contrast to the ubiquitous ALD precursor trimethylaluminum, dimethylaluminum isopropoxide does not degrade the zinc porphyrin dye, as confirmed by UV-vis measurements. The growth of this protective ALD layer around the dye can be monitored by an in-reactor quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). Furthermore, greater than 80% of porphyrin light absorption is retained over ∼1 month of exposure to air and light when the protective coating is present, whereas almost complete loss of porphyrin absorption is observed in less than 2 days in the absence of the ALD protective layer. Applying the Al2O3 post-treatment technique to the TiO2-adsorbed dye allows the dye to remain in electronic contact with both the semiconductor surface and a surrounding electrolyte solution, the combination of which makes this technique promising for numerous other electrochemical photovoltaic and photocatalytic applications, especially those involving the dye-sensitized evolution of oxygen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William L Hoffeditz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Ho-Jin Son
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Michael J Pellin
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Material Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Omar K Farha
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Joseph T Hupp
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Material Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Gish MK, Lapides AM, Brennaman MK, Templeton JL, Meyer TJ, Papanikolas JM. Ultrafast Recombination Dynamics in Dye-Sensitized SnO 2/TiO 2 Core/Shell Films. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:5297-5301. [PMID: 27973875 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b02388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Interfacial dynamics are investigated in SnO2/TiO2 core/shell films derivatized with a Ru(II)-polypyridyl chromophore ([RuII(bpy)2(4,4'-(PO3H2)2bpy)]2+, RuP) using transient absorption methods. Electron injection from the chromophore into the TiO2 shell occurs within a few picoseconds after photoexcitation. Loss of the oxidized dye through recombination occurs across time scales spanning 10 orders of magnitude. The majority (60%) of charge recombination events occur shortly after injection (τ = 220 ps), while a small fraction (≤20%) of the oxidized chromophores persists for milliseconds. The lifetime of long-lived charge-separated states (CSS) depends exponentially on shell thickness, suggesting that the injected electrons reside in the SnO2 core and must tunnel through the TiO2 shell to recombine with oxidized dyes. While the core/shell architecture extends the lifetime in a small fraction of the CSS, making water oxidation possible, the subnanosecond recombination process has profound implications for the overall efficiencies of dye-sensitized photoelectrosynthesis cells (DSPECs).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa K Gish
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Alexander M Lapides
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - M Kyle Brennaman
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Joseph L Templeton
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Thomas J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - John M Papanikolas
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Çimen Y, Peters AW, Avila JR, Hoffeditz WL, Goswami S, Farha OK, Hupp JT. Atomic Layer Deposition of Ultrathin Nickel Sulfide Films and Preliminary Assessment of Their Performance as Hydrogen Evolution Catalysts. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:12005-12012. [PMID: 27933878 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b02699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal sulfides show great promise for applications ranging from catalysis to electrocatalysis to photovoltaics due to their high stability and conductivity. Nickel sulfide, particularly known for its ability to electrochemically reduce protons to hydrogen gas nearly as efficiently as expensive noble metals, can be challenging to produce with certain surface site compositions or morphologies, e.g., conformal thin films. To this end, we employed atomic layer deposition (ALD), a preeminent method to fabricate uniform and conformal films, to construct thin films of nickel sulfide (NiSx) using bis(N,N'-di-tert-butylacetamidinato)nickel(II) (Ni(amd)2) vapor and hydrogen sulfide gas. Effects of experimental conditions such as pulse and purge times and temperature on the growth of NiSx were investigated. These revealed a wide temperature range, 125-225 °C, over which self-limiting NiSx growth can be observed. In situ quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) studies revealed conventional linear growth behavior for NiSx films, with a growth rate of 9.3 ng/cm2 per cycle being obtained. The ALD-synthesized films were characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods. To assess the electrocatalyitic activity of NiSx for evolution of molecular hydrogen, films were grown on conductive-glass supports. Overpotentials at a current density of 10 mA/cm2 were recorded in both acidic and pH 7 phosphate buffer aqueous reaction media and found to be 440 and 576 mV, respectively, with very low NiSx loading. These results hint at the promise of ALD-grown NiSx materials as water-compatible electrocatalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Çimen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Anadolu University , 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | | - Omar K Farha
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wang W, Du J, Ren Z, Peng W, Pan Z, Zhong X. Improving Loading Amount and Performance of Quantum Dot-Sensitized Solar Cells through Metal Salt Solutions Treatment on Photoanode. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:31006-31015. [PMID: 27797169 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b11122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Increasing QD loading amount on photoanode and suppressing charge recombination are prerequisite for high-efficiency quantum dot-sensitized solar cells (QDSCs). Herein, a facile technique for enhancing the loading amount of QDs on photoanode and therefore improving the photovoltaic performance of the resultant cell devices is developed by pipetting metal salt aqueous solutions on TiO2 film electrode and then evaporating at elevated temperature. The effect of different metal salt solutions was investigated, and experimental results indicated that the isoelectric point (IEP) of metal ions influenced the loading amount of QDs and consequently the photovoltaic performance of the resultant cell devices. The influence of anions was also investigated, and the results indicated that anions of strong acid made no difference, while acetate anion hampered the performance of solar cells. Infrared spectroscopy confirmed the formation of oxyhydroxides, whose behavior was responsible for QD loading amount and thus solar cell performance. Suppressed charge recombination based on Mg2+ treatment under optimal conditions was confirmed by impedance spectroscopy as well as transient photovoltage decay measurement. Combined with high-QD loading amount and retarded charge recombination, the champion cell based on Mg2+ treatment exhibited an efficiency of 9.73% (Jsc = 27.28 mA/cm2, Voc = 0.609 V, FF = 0.585) under AM 1.5 G full 1 sun irradiation. The obtained efficiency was one of the best performances for liquid-junction QDSCs, which exhibited a 10% improvement over the untreated cells with the highest efficiency of 8.85%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenran Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jun Du
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhenwei Ren
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wenxiang Peng
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhenxiao Pan
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xinhua Zhong
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237, China
- College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University , 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Du G, Mantia FL. Coupling the Charging Current and the Electron-Transfer Process: The Effect on Impedance Spectra. ChemElectroChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201600533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Du
- Energiespeicher- und Energiewandlersysteme; Universität Bremen; D-28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Fabio La Mantia
- Energiespeicher- und Energiewandlersysteme; Universität Bremen; D-28359 Bremen Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kamire RJ, Majewski MB, Hoffeditz WL, Phelan BT, Farha OK, Hupp JT, Wasielewski MR. Photodriven hydrogen evolution by molecular catalysts using Al 2O 3-protected perylene-3,4-dicarboximide on NiO electrodes. Chem Sci 2016; 8:541-549. [PMID: 28616134 PMCID: PMC5458681 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc02477g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodriven charge transfer dynamics are described for an atomic layer deposition-stabilized, organic dye-sensitized photocathode architecture that produces hydrogen.
The design of efficient hydrogen-evolving photocathodes for dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cells (DSPECs) requires the incorporation of molecular light absorbing chromophores that are capable of delivering reducing equivalents to molecular proton reduction catalysts at rates exceeding those of charge recombination events. Here, we report the functionalization and kinetic analysis of a nanostructured NiO electrode with a modified perylene-3,4-dicarboximide chromophore (PMI) that is stabilized against degradation by atomic layer deposition (ALD) of thick insulating Al2O3 layers. Following photoinduced charge injection into NiO in high yield, films with Al2O3 layers demonstrate longer charge separated lifetimes as characterized via femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy and photoelectrochemical techniques. The photoelectrochemical behavior of the electrodes in the presence of Co(ii) and Ni(ii) molecular proton reduction catalysts is examined, revealing reduction of both catalysts. Under prolonged irradiation, evolved H2 is directly observed by gas chromatography supporting the applicability of PMI embedded in Al2O3 as a photocathode architecture in DSPECs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Kamire
- Department of Chemistry and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center , Northwestern University , Evanston , IL 60208-3113 , USA .
| | - Marek B Majewski
- Department of Chemistry and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center , Northwestern University , Evanston , IL 60208-3113 , USA .
| | - William L Hoffeditz
- Department of Chemistry and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center , Northwestern University , Evanston , IL 60208-3113 , USA .
| | - Brian T Phelan
- Department of Chemistry and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center , Northwestern University , Evanston , IL 60208-3113 , USA .
| | - Omar K Farha
- Department of Chemistry and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center , Northwestern University , Evanston , IL 60208-3113 , USA .
| | - Joseph T Hupp
- Department of Chemistry and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center , Northwestern University , Evanston , IL 60208-3113 , USA .
| | - Michael R Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center , Northwestern University , Evanston , IL 60208-3113 , USA .
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
McCool NS, Swierk JR, Nemes CT, Schmuttenmaer CA, Mallouk TE. Dynamics of Electron Injection in SnO2/TiO2 Core/Shell Electrodes for Water-Splitting Dye-Sensitized Photoelectrochemical Cells. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:2930-4. [PMID: 27414977 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b01528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Water-splitting dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cells (WS-DSPECs) rely on photoinduced charge separation at a dye/semiconductor interface to supply electrons and holes for water splitting. To improve the efficiency of charge separation and reduce charge recombination in these devices, it is possible to use core/shell structures in which photoinduced electron transfer occurs stepwise through a series of progressively more positive acceptor states. Here, we use steady-state emission studies and time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy to follow the dynamics of electron injection from a photoexcited ruthenium polypyridyl dye as a function of the TiO2 shell thickness on SnO2 nanoparticles. Electron injection proceeds directly into the SnO2 core when the thickness of the TiO2 shell is less than 5 Å. For thicker shells, electrons are injected into the TiO2 shell and trapped, and are then released into the SnO2 core on a time scale of hundreds of picoseconds. As the TiO2 shell increases in thickness, the probability of electron trapping in nonmobile states within the shell increases. Conduction band electrons in the TiO2 shell and the SnO2 core can be differentiated on the basis of their mobility. These observations help explain the observation of an optimum shell thickness for core/shell water-splitting electrodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - John R Swierk
- Department of Chemistry and Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University , 225 Prospect Street, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Coleen T Nemes
- Department of Chemistry and Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University , 225 Prospect Street, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Charles A Schmuttenmaer
- Department of Chemistry and Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University , 225 Prospect Street, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
A Heterojunction Design of Single Layer Hole Tunneling ZnO Passivation Wrapping around TiO2Nanowires for Superior Photocatalytic Performance. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30587. [PMID: 27464476 PMCID: PMC4964577 DOI: 10.1038/srep30587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanostructured hybrid heterojunctions have been studied widely for photocatalytic applications due to their superior optical and structural properties. In this work, the impact of angstrom thick atomic layer deposited (ALD) ZnO shell layer on photocatalytic activity (PCA) of hydrothermal grown single crystalline TiO2 nanowires (NWs) is systematically explored. We showed that a single cycle of ALD ZnO layer wrapped around TiO2 NWs, considerably boosts the PCA of the heterostructure. Subsequent cycles, however, gradually hinder the photocatalytic activity (PCA) of the TiO2 NWs. Various structural, optical, and transient characterizations are employed to scrutinize this unprecedented change. We show that a single atomic layer of ZnO shell not only increases light harvesting capability of the heterostructure via extension of the absorption toward visible wavelengths, but also mitigates recombination probability of carriers through reduction of surface defects density and introduction of proper charge separation along the core-shell interface. Furthermore, the ultrathin ZnO shell layer allows a strong contribution of the core (TiO2) valence band holes through tunneling across the ultrathin interface. All mechanisms responsible for this enhanced PCA of heterostructure are elucidated and corresponding models are proposed.
Collapse
|
29
|
Zhang P, Tachikawa T, Fujitsuka M, Majima T. Atomic Layer Deposition-Confined Nonstoichiometric TiO2 Nanocrystals with Tunneling Effects for Solar Driven Hydrogen Evolution. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:1173-1179. [PMID: 26963920 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ti(3+) self-doped TiO2 nanocrystals (TNCs) confined with controllable atomic layer deposition (ALD) amorphous layers were developed to provide a novel model of metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) photocatalysts for hydrogen generation in the ultraviolet to near-infrared region. Photoexcitation of optimized MIS nanostructures consisting of a metal cocatalyst (Pt), electron tunneling layer (ALD TiO2), and photoactive nonstoichiometric core (Ti(3+)-doped TNC) exhibited efficient hydrogen generation (52 μmol h(-1)·g(-1)), good reusability (16 h), and long-term stability (>7 d). The charge-transfer dynamics were examined using transient absorption spectroscopy to clarify the relationship between the photocatalytic activity and the tunneling effect. Our strategies highlight defect engineering in fabricating MIS photocatalysts with improved charge separation and tailored solar energy conversion properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University , Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Takashi Tachikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University , 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) , 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Mamoru Fujitsuka
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University , Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Majima
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University , Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Singh R, Bapat R, Qin L, Feng H, Polshettiwar V. Atomic Layer Deposited (ALD) TiO2 on Fibrous Nano-Silica (KCC-1) for Photocatalysis: Nanoparticle Formation and Size Quantization Effect. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rustam Singh
- Nanocatalysis Laboratories
(NanoCat), Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Rudheer Bapat
- Nanocatalysis Laboratories
(NanoCat), Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Lijun Qin
- Laboratory of Material Surface Engineering and Nanofabrication, Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi’an 710065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Feng
- Laboratory of Material Surface Engineering and Nanofabrication, Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi’an 710065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Vivek Polshettiwar
- Nanocatalysis Laboratories
(NanoCat), Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai 400005, India
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Flynn CJ, McCullough SM, Oh E, Li L, Mercado CC, Farnum BH, Li W, Donley CL, You W, Nozik AJ, McBride JR, Meyer TJ, Kanai Y, Cahoon JF. Site-Selective Passivation of Defects in NiO Solar Photocathodes by Targeted Atomic Deposition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:4754-4761. [PMID: 26821265 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b01090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
For nanomaterials, surface chemistry can dictate fundamental material properties, including charge-carrier lifetimes, doping levels, and electrical mobilities. In devices, surface defects are usually the key limiting factor for performance, particularly in solar-energy applications. Here, we develop a strategy to uniformly and selectively passivate defect sites in semiconductor nanomaterials using a vapor-phase process termed targeted atomic deposition (TAD). Because defects often consist of atomic vacancies and dangling bonds with heightened reactivity, we observe-for the widely used p-type cathode nickel oxide-that a volatile precursor such as trimethylaluminum can undergo a kinetically limited selective reaction with these sites. The TAD process eliminates all measurable defects in NiO, leading to a nearly 3-fold improvement in the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells. Our results suggest that TAD could be implemented with a range of vapor-phase precursors and be developed into a general strategy to passivate defects in zero-, one-, and two-dimensional nanomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cory J Flynn
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Shannon M McCullough
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - EunBi Oh
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Lesheng Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Candy C Mercado
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309-0027, United States
| | - Byron H Farnum
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Wentao Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Carrie L Donley
- Chapel Hill Analytical and Nanofabrication Laboratory (CHANL), Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3216, United States
| | - Wei You
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Arthur J Nozik
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309-0027, United States
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory , 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - James R McBride
- Vanderbilt Institute of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Thomas J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Yosuke Kanai
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - James F Cahoon
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ogunsolu OO, Wang JC, Hanson K. Inhibiting Interfacial Recombination Events in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells using Self-Assembled Bilayers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:27730-27734. [PMID: 26619360 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b08581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The rate and efficiency of electron transfer events at the semiconductor-dye-electrolyte interface is of critical importance to the overall performance of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and dye-sensitized photoelectrosynthesis cells. In this work, we introduce self-assembled bilayers composed of a metal oxide electrode, bridging molecules, linking ions, and dye as an effective strategy to manipulate interfacial electron transfer events at the photoanode of DSSCs. Spectroelectrochemical measurements including current-voltage, incident photon-to-current efficiency, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy are used to quantify interfacial electron transfer and transport events with respect to the length of the bridging molecules. The general trend in increased lifetime and diffusion length in TiO2 as well as an increase in open circuit voltage with bridge length indicate that the bilayer is an effective strategy in inhibiting the TiO2(e(-)) to redox mediator recombination events. However, the increased separation between the dye and the semiconductor also reduces the electron injection rate resulting in a decrease in photocurrent as the bridge length increases. The observed enhancement in open circuit voltages are far outweighed by the significant decrease in photocurrent and thus overall device performance decreases with increasing bridge length.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omotola O Ogunsolu
- Materials Science and Engineering, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Jamie C Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Kenneth Hanson
- Materials Science and Engineering, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wang D, Chen H, Chang G, Lin X, Zhang Y, Aldalbahi A, Peng C, Wang J, Fan C. Uniform Doping of Titanium in Hematite Nanorods for Efficient Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:14072-8. [PMID: 26052922 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b03298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Doping elements in hematite nanostructures is a promising approach to improve the photoelectrochemical (PEC) water-splitting performance of hematite photoanodes. However, uniform doping with precise control on doping amount and morphology is the major challenge for quantitatively investigating the PEC water-splitting enhancement. Here, we report on the design and synthesis of uniform titanium (Ti)-doped hematite nanorods with precise control of the Ti amount and morphology for highly effective PEC water splitting using an atomic layer deposition assisted solid-state diffusion method. We found that Ti doping promoted band bending and increased the carrier density as well as the surface state. Remarkably, these uniformly doped hematite nanorods exhibited high PEC performance with a pronounced photocurrent density of 2.28 mA/cm(2) at 1.23 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and 4.18 mA/cm(2) at 1.70 V vs RHE, respectively. Furthermore, as-prepared Ti-doping hematite nanorods performed excellent repeatability and durability; over 80% of the as-fabricated photoanodes reproduced the steady photocurrent density of 1.9-2.2 mA/cm(2) at 1.23 V vs RHE at least 3 h in a strong alkaline electrolyte solution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Degao Wang
- †Division of Physical Biology, and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Huaican Chen
- †Division of Physical Biology, and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Guoliang Chang
- †Division of Physical Biology, and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- †Division of Physical Biology, and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Yuying Zhang
- †Division of Physical Biology, and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Ali Aldalbahi
- ‡Chemistry Department, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Cheng Peng
- †Division of Physical Biology, and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Jianqiang Wang
- †Division of Physical Biology, and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Chunhai Fan
- †Division of Physical Biology, and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Sun Z, Liang M, Chen J. Kinetics of Iodine-Free Redox Shuttles in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: Interfacial Recombination and Dye Regeneration. Acc Chem Res 2015; 48:1541-50. [PMID: 26001106 DOI: 10.1021/ar500337g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) have gained widespread attentions owing to their low production cost, tunable optical response, and high light-to-electricity conversion. In DSCs, the performance of redox mediators with iodide/triiodide or iodine-free redox couples is vital to internal quantum efficiency. For a long time, iodide/triiodide based electrolytes are the most widely used mediators because of their desirable kinetics. Recently, exciting progress has been made with respect to iodine-free metallorganic and pure organic redox shuttles. Their tunable redox potential and diverse electron transfer behaviors enable the rational screening of electrolyte composition for enhancing the light-to-electricity conversion efficiency of DSCs toward the Shockley-Queisser limit. In this Account, we emphasize on current knowledge of two distinct but interrelated interfacial processes (electron recombination and dye regeneration), particularly for DSCs with iodine-free redox couples. We show that a deeper understanding of electron transfer kinetics of the alternative redox couples is fundamental to develop rational strategies for cell optimization. Compared with iodine electrolyte, iodine-free metallorganic redox couples such as iron, cobalt, and nickel complexes display much faster electron transfer kinetics in dye regeneration and interfacial recombination. Evidently, rapid regeneration enables the employment of more positive metal complex for attaining a higher photovoltage. However, severe recombination reactions have to be well controlled by using several effective surface treatments such as the addition of Brönsted bases and atomic layer deposition. Although these methods offer different pathways in surface passivation, a trade-off between charge injection efficiency and electron diffusion length is always observed. It follows that an appropriate LUMO level of sensitizer is essential to ensure efficient electron injection at the passivated TiO2 surface. Apart from fast recombination behavior, bulky metal complexes suffer from inefficient charge transport. Thus, the combination of thinner TiO2 film and sensitizers with high mole extinction coefficient has been employed for both enhancing diffusion-limited current and maintaining light-harvesting efficiency. Unlike metal complexes, most of organic sulfur redox couples in DSCs exhibit slow recombination kinetics. This allows the use of thicker TiO2 film to achieve an optimized light harvesting. However, the concomitant sluggish behavior of dye regeneration requires the use of sensitizers with more positive HOMO level, which is beneficial to efficient regeneration. Moreover, lower level of TiO2 band edge in DSCs based on organic sulfur mediators hinders the achievement of desirable photovoltage, spurring future explorations on this class of redox mediator. Based on the comparison of electron transfer behavior between iodine-free metallorganic complexes and pure organic redox couples, we aim to provide a comprehensive Account of the intriguing interfacial processes in iodine-free DSCs as the key scientific point is linked with the kinetics of interfacial reactions. This demonstrates the advantages as well as disadvantages of each class of iodine-free electrolyte and should shed light on to judicious selection of the energy levels for redox mediators, sensitizers, and the conduction band of TiO2 for DSCs. The knowledge of the reaction kinetics in DSCs should be also beneficial to the interface engineering on recent developed perovskite cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Sun
- Key
Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (KLAEMC) (Ministry
of Education) and State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry,
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mao Liang
- Key
Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (KLAEMC) (Ministry
of Education) and State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry,
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Chen
- Key
Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (KLAEMC) (Ministry
of Education) and State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry,
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zhao K, Pan Z, Mora-Seró I, Cánovas E, Wang H, Song Y, Gong X, Wang J, Bonn M, Bisquert J, Zhong X. Boosting power conversion efficiencies of quantum-dot-sensitized solar cells beyond 8% by recombination control. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:5602-9. [PMID: 25860792 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b01946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 338] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
At present, quantum-dot-sensitized solar cells (QDSCs) still exhibit moderate power conversion efficiency (with record efficiency of 6-7%), limited primarily by charge recombination. Therefore, suppressing recombination processes is a mandatory requirement to boost the performance of QDSCs. Herein, we demonstrate the ability of a novel sequential inorganic ZnS/SiO2 double layer treatment onto the QD-sensitized photoanode for strongly inhibiting interfacial recombination processes in QDSCs while providing improved cell stability. Theoretical modeling and impedance spectroscopy reveal that the combined ZnS/SiO2 treatment reduces interfacial recombination and increases charge collection efficiency when compared with conventional ZnS treatment alone. In line with those results, subpicosecond THz spectroscopy demonstrates that while QD to TiO2 electron-transfer rates and yields are insensitive to inorganic photoanode overcoating, back recombination at the oxide surface is strongly suppressed by subsequent inorganic treatments. By exploiting this approach, CdSe(x)Te(1-x) QDSCs exhibit a certified record efficiency of 8.21% (8.55% for a champion cell), an improvement of 20% over the previous record high efficiency of 6.8%, together with an additional beneficial effect of improved cell stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhao
- †Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhenxiao Pan
- †Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Iván Mora-Seró
- ‡Photovoltaic, Optoelectronic Devices Group, Department de Física, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castelló, Spain
| | - Enrique Cánovas
- ¶Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hai Wang
- ¶Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.,∥Graduate School Material Science in Mainz, University of Mainz, Staudingerweg 9, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ya Song
- †Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xueqing Gong
- †Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jin Wang
- †Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Mischa Bonn
- ¶Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Juan Bisquert
- ‡Photovoltaic, Optoelectronic Devices Group, Department de Física, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castelló, Spain.,§Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22254, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xinhua Zhong
- †Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Son HJ, Kim CH, Kim DW, Jeong NC, Prasittichai C, Luo L, Wu J, Farha OK, Wasielewski MR, Hupp JT. Post-assembly atomic layer deposition of ultrathin metal-oxide coatings enhances the performance of an organic dye-sensitized solar cell by suppressing dye aggregation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:5150-5159. [PMID: 25695408 DOI: 10.1021/am507405b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Dye aggregation and concomitant reduction of dye excited-state lifetimes and electron-injection yields constitute a significant mechanism for diminution of light-to-electrical energy conversion efficiencies in many dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). For TiO2-based DSCs prepared with an archetypal donor-acceptor organic dye, (E)-2-cyano-3-(5'-(5''-(p-(diphenylamino)phenyl)-thiophen-2''-yl)thiophen-2'-yl)acrylic acid (OrgD), we find, in part via ultrafast spectroscopy measurements, that postdye-adsorption atomic layer deposition (ALD) of ultrathin layers of either TiO2 or Al2O3 effectively reverses residual aggregation. Notably, the ALD treatment is significantly more effective than the widely used aggregation-inhibiting coadsorbent, chenodeoxycholic acid. Primarily because of reversal of OrgD aggregation, and resulting improved injection yields, ALD post-treatment engenders a 30+% increase in overall energy conversion efficiency. A secondary contributor to increased currents and efficiencies is an ALD-induced attenuation of the rate of interception of injected electrons, resulting in slightly more efficient charge collection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Jin Son
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Schrauben JN, Zhao Y, Mercado C, Dron PI, Ryerson JL, Michl J, Zhu K, Johnson JC. Photocurrent enhanced by singlet fission in a dye-sensitized solar cell. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:2286-2293. [PMID: 25607825 DOI: 10.1021/am506329v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Investigations of singlet fission have accelerated recently because of its potential utility in solar photoconversion, although only a few reports definitively identify the role of singlet fission in a complete solar cell. Evidence of the influence of singlet fission in a dye-sensitized solar cell using 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran (DPIBF, 1) as the sensitizer is reported here. Self-assembly of the blue-absorbing 1 with co-adsorbed oxidation products on mesoporous TiO2 yields a cell with a peak internal quantum efficiency of ∼70% and a power conversion efficiency of ∼1.1%. Introducing a ZrO2 spacer layer of thickness varying from 2 to 20 Å modulates the short-circuit photocurrent such that it is initially reduced as thickness increases but 1 with 10-15 Å of added ZrO2. This rise can be explained as being due to a reduced rate of injection of electrons from the S1 state of 1 such that singlet fission, known to occur with a 30 ps time constant in polycrystalline films, has the opportunity to proceed efficiently and produce two T1 states per absorbed photon that can subsequently inject electrons into TiO2. Transient spectroscopy and kinetic simulations confirm this novel mode of dye-sensitized solar cell operation and its potential utility for enhanced solar photoconversion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joel N Schrauben
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory , 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Chen S, Shen S, Liu G, Qi Y, Zhang F, Li C. Interface Engineering of a CoOx/Ta3N5Photocatalyst for Unprecedented Water Oxidation Performance under Visible-Light-Irradiation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201409906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
39
|
Chen S, Shen S, Liu G, Qi Y, Zhang F, Li C. Interface Engineering of a CoOx/Ta3N5Photocatalyst for Unprecedented Water Oxidation Performance under Visible-Light-Irradiation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:3047-51. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201409906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
40
|
Zheng Z, Tachikawa T, Majima T. Plasmon-induced spatial electron transfer between single Au nanorods and ALD-coated TiO2: dependence on TiO2 thickness. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:14373-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc05898h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The interfacial electron transfer between single Au nanorods and TiO2 coated by ALD was investigated by single-particle photoluminescence measurements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoke Zheng
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN)
- Osaka University
- Ibaraki
- Japan
| | - Takashi Tachikawa
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Kobe University
- Kobe 657-8501
- Japan
| | - Tetsuro Majima
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN)
- Osaka University
- Ibaraki
- Japan
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Williams VO, DeMarco EJ, Katz MJ, Libera JA, Riha SC, Kim DW, Avila JR, Martinson ABF, Elam JW, Pellin MJ, Farha OK, Hupp JT. Fabrication of transparent-conducting-oxide-coated inverse opals as mesostructured architectures for electrocatalysis applications: a case study with NiO. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:12290-12294. [PMID: 25033088 DOI: 10.1021/am501910n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Highly ordered, and conductive inverse opal arrays were made with silica and subsequently coated with tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) via atomic layer deposition (ALD). We demonstrate the utility of the resulting mesostructured electrodes by further coating them with nickel oxide via ALD. The NiO-coated arrays are capable of efficiently electrochemically evolving oxygen from water. These modular, crack-free, transparent, high surface area, and conducting structures show promise for many applications including electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, and dye-sensitized solar cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vennesa O Williams
- Department of Chemistry and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research Center (ANSER), Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Alibabaei L, Farnum BH, Kalanyan B, Brennaman MK, Losego MD, Parsons GN, Meyer TJ. Atomic layer deposition of TiO2 on mesoporous nanoITO: conductive core-shell photoanodes for dye-sensitized solar cells. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:3255-3261. [PMID: 24846703 DOI: 10.1021/nl5006433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Core-shell structures consisting of thin shells of conformal TiO2 deposited on high surface area, conductive Sn-doped In2O3 nanoparticle. Mesoscopic films were synthesized by atomic layer deposition and studied for application in dye-sensitized solar cells. Results obtained with the N719 dye show that short-circuit current densities, open-circuit voltages, and back electron transfer lifetimes all increased with increasing TiO2 shell thickness up to 1.8-2.4 nm and then decline as the thickness was increased further. At higher shell thicknesses, back electron transfer to -Ru(III) is increasingly competitive with transport to the nanoITO core resulting in decreased device efficiencies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Alibabaei
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|