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Schneider F, Höltkemeier L, Floris A, Kantorovich L, Bechstein R, Kühnle A. Impact of long-range attraction on desorption kinetics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:12282-12288. [PMID: 38426875 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05465a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Desorption of molecules from surfaces is widespread both in nature and technology. Despite its omnipresence and conceptual simplicity, fundamental details can be surprisingly complex and are often poorly understood. In many cases, first-order kinetics is assumed, which implies that the adsorbates do not interact with each other and desorption is the rate-limiting process. While this might be a good approximation in some cases, it is far from reality in the case of adsorbates that form ordered structures. Here, we study the desorption of a submonolayer film of 3-nitrophenol from the natural cleavage plane of calcite kept in ultrahigh vacuum. Interestingly, two distinctly different desorption regimes are observed during isothermal desorption monitored by dynamic atomic force microscopy. Initially, at high coverages, the coverage decreases almost linearly in time, indicating a constant desorption rate. Beyond this linear regime, at low coverages, a drastic increase in desorption rate is observed until the surface is completely empty. The transition between these two regimes is associated with a critical island width. We propose an existence of a long-range attractive interaction between the molecules as a possible explanation for the sudden increase in the desorption rate when a critical island width is reached. The herein observed phenomenon of two different desorption regimes is expected to be of general nature when interactions beyond next-neighbour attraction are present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Schneider
- Faculty of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry I, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Lukas Höltkemeier
- Faculty of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry I, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Andrea Floris
- School of Chemistry, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln LN6 7TS, UK
| | - Lev Kantorovich
- Department of Physics, Kings College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Ralf Bechstein
- Faculty of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry I, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Angelika Kühnle
- Faculty of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry I, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
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2
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Preetha Genesh N, Cui D, Dettmann D, MacLean O, Johal TK, Lunchev AV, Grimsdale AC, Rosei F. Selective Self-Assembly and Modification of Herringbone Reconstructions at a Solid-Liquid Interface of Au(111). J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:3057-3062. [PMID: 36946688 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The precise control of molecular self-assembly on surfaces presents many opportunities for the creation of complex nanostructures. Within this endeavor, selective patterning by exploiting molecular interactions at the solid-liquid interface would be a beneficial capability. Using scanning tunneling microscopy at the 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene/Au(111) interface, we observed selective self-assembly of 1,3,5-tris(4-methoxyphenyl)benzene (TMPB) molecules in the face-centered cubic (FCC) regions of Au(111). Density functional theory calculations suggest higher adsorption energy of TMPB molecules at FCC regions, explaining the preference for self-assembly. The molecular coverage is found to increase with the concentration of the applied solution, eventually yielding a full monolayer. Moreover, the adsorption of TMPB molecules induces a concentration-dependent lifting of the herringbone reconstruction, observed as an increase in the area of the FCC regions at higher concentrations. Our results represent a simple and cost-effective selective nanoscale patterning method on Au(111), providing a possible avenue to guide the co-adsorption of other functional molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navathej Preetha Genesh
- Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1P7, Canada
| | - Daling Cui
- Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1P7, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Québec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Dominik Dettmann
- Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1P7, Canada
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Oliver MacLean
- Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1P7, Canada
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130103, People's Republic of China
| | - Tarnjit Kaur Johal
- Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1P7, Canada
| | - Andrey V Lunchev
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Block N4.1, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Andrew C Grimsdale
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Block N4.1, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Federico Rosei
- Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1P7, Canada
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3
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Fang Y, Ivasenko O, Sanz-Matias A, Mali KS, Tahara K, Tobe Y, De Feyter S. Spontaneous and scanning-assisted desorption-adsorption dynamics in porous supramolecular networks at the solution-solid interface. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:4301-4308. [PMID: 36756798 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr06400f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled molecular networks (SAMNs) are formed by the spontaneous assembly of molecules on surfaces. On conductive atomically flat surfaces, and also at the liquid-solid interface, scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) can follow their growth dynamics. Desorption and adsorption dynamics are difficult to probe through the liquid-solid interface. Porous molecular networks are of particular interest because they may act as platforms for sensing and host-guest chemistry. Very little is known though about their stability, particularly in a liquid environment. To this end, we have investigated the desorption/adsorption dynamics of supramolecular porous monolayers of alkoxylated dehydrobenzo[12]annulene (DBA) derivatives at the interface between highly oriented pyrolytic graphite, the substrate, and 1-phenyloctane, the liquid. To trace the dynamics, structurally analogous chiral DBA derivatives were used as marker molecules, which co-assemble with the achiral ones forming the supramolecular network. This approach reveals the time scales of the adsorption/desorption dynamics, the significance of temperature, and the important role of the STM tip in inducing dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Fang
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, PR China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Oleksandr Ivasenko
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, PR China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ana Sanz-Matias
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Kunal S Mali
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Kazukuni Tahara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Yoshito Tobe
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 30030, Taiwan
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan.
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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4
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Feng YC, Wang X, Yi ZY, Wang YQ, Yan HJ, Wang D. In-situ ECSTM investigation of H2O2 production in cobalt—porphyrin-catalyzed oxygen reduction reaction. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1465-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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5
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Johnson KN, Chilukurib B, Fisherb ZE, Hippsa KW, Mazura U. Role of the Supporting Surface in the Thermodynamics and Cooperativity of Axial Ligand Binding to Metalloporphyrins at Interfaces. CURR ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272826666220209122508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
: Metalloporphyrins have been shown to bind axial ligands in a variety of environments including the vacuum/solid and solution/solid interfaces. Understanding the dynamics of such interactions is a desideratum for the design and implementation of next generation molecular devices which draw inspiration from biological systems to accomplish diverse tasks such as molecular sensing, electron transport, and catalysis to name a few. In this article, we review the current literature of axial ligand coordination to surface-supported porphyrin receptors. We will focus on the coordination process as monitored by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) that can yield qualitative and quantitative information on the dynamics and binding affinity at the single molecule level. In particular, we will address the role of the substrate and intermolecular interactions in influencing cooperative effects (positive or negative) in the binding affinity of adjacent molecules based on experimental evidence and theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen N. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Material Science and Engineering Program, Washington State University, Pullman, 99164-4630, WA, USA
| | - Bhaskar Chilukurib
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, IL, 61790-4160, USA
| | - Zachary E. Fisherb
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, IL, 61790-4160, USA
| | - K. W. Hippsa
- Department of Chemistry and Material Science and Engineering Program, Washington State University, Pullman, 99164-4630, WA, USA
| | - Ursula Mazura
- Department of Chemistry and Material Science and Engineering Program, Washington State University, Pullman, 99164-4630, WA, USA
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6
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Wang X, Wang YQ, Feng YC, Wang D, Wan LJ. Insights into electrocatalysis by scanning tunnelling microscopy. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:5832-5849. [PMID: 34027957 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01078b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanism of electrocatalytic reaction is important for the design and development of highly efficient electrocatalysts for energy technology. Investigating the surface structures of electrocatalysts and the surface processes in electrocatalytic reactions at the atomic and molecular scale is helpful to identify the catalytic role of active sites and further promotes the development of emerging electrocatalysts. Since it was invented, scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) has become a powerful technique to investigate surface topographies and electronic properties at the nanoscale resolution. STM can be operated in diversified environments. Electrochemical STM can be used to investigate the surface processes during electrochemical reactions. Moreover, the critical intermediates in catalysis on catalyst surfaces can be identified by STM at low temperature or ultrahigh vacuum. STM has been extensively utilized in electrocatalysis research, including the structure-activity relationship of electrocatalysts, the distribution of active sites, and surface processes in electrocatalytic reactions. In this review, progress in the application of STM in electrocatalysis is systematically discussed. The construction of model electrocatalysts and electrocatalytic systems are summarized. Then, we present the STM investigation of electrocatalyst structures and surface processes related to electrocatalysis. Challenges and future developments in the field are discussed in the outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu-Qi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ya-Chen Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Li-Jun Wan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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7
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Johnson KN, Hipps KW, Mazur U. Quantifying reversible nitrogenous ligand binding to Co(ii) porphyrin receptors at the solution/solid interface and in solution. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:24226-24235. [PMID: 33084667 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04109b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We present a quantitative study comparing the binding of 4-methoxypyridine, MeOPy, ligand to Co(ii)octaethylporphyrin, CoOEP, at the phenyloctane/HOPG interface and in toluene solution. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) was used to study the ligand binding to the porphyrin receptors adsorbed on graphite. Electronic spectroscopy was employed for examining this process in fluid solution. The on surface coordination reaction was completely reversible and followed a simple Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Ligand affinities (or ΔG) for the binding processes in the two different chemical environments were determined from the respective equilibrium constants. The free energy value of -13.0 ± 0.3 kJ mol-1 for the ligation reaction of MeOPy to CoOEP at the solution/HOPG interface is less negative than the ΔG for cobalt porphyrin complexed to the ligand in solution, -16.8 ± 0.2 kJ mol-1. This result indicates that the MeOPy-CoOEP complex is more stable in solution than on the surface. Additional thermodynamic values for the formation of the surface ligated species (ΔHc = -50 kJ mol-1 and ΔSc = -120 J mol-1) were extracted from temperature dependent STM measurements. Density functional computational methods were also employed to explore the energetics of both the solution and surface reactions. At high concentrations of MeOPy the monolayer was observed to be stripped from the surface. Computational results indicate that this is not because of a reduction in adsorption energy of the MeOPy-CoOEP complex. Nearest neighbor analysis of the MeOPy-CoOEP in the STM images revealed positive cooperative ligand binding behavior. Our studies bring new insights to the general principles of affinity and cooperativity in the ligand-receptor interactions at the solution/solid interface. Future applications of STM will pave the way for new strategies designing highly functional multisite receptor systems for sensing, catalysis, and pharmacological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen N Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science and Engineering Program, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-4630, USA.
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8
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Graphene transistors for real-time monitoring molecular self-assembly dynamics. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4731. [PMID: 32948763 PMCID: PMC7501237 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18604-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mastering the dynamics of molecular assembly on surfaces enables the engineering of predictable structural motifs to bestow programmable properties upon target substrates. Yet, monitoring self-assembly in real time on technologically relevant interfaces between a substrate and a solution is challenging, due to experimental complexity of disentangling interfacial from bulk phenomena. Here, we show that graphene devices can be used as highly sensitive detectors to read out the dynamics of molecular self-assembly at the solid/liquid interface in-situ. Irradiation of a photochromic molecule is used to trigger the formation of a metastable self-assembled adlayer on graphene and the dynamics of this process are monitored by tracking the current in the device over time. In perspective, the electrical readout in graphene devices is a diagnostic and highly sensitive means to resolve molecular ensemble dynamics occurring down to the nanosecond time scale, thereby providing a practical and powerful tool to investigate molecular self-organization in 2D. Molecular self-assembly provides the desired functions to substrates, but investigation and control of its dynamics is challenging for the large area over which it must be detected. Here the authors report the use of graphene field effect devices to monitor with sub-second time resolution the photoinduced supramolecular assembly of a spiropyran derivative on graphene, covering an area of 100 × 100 μm2.
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9
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Ochs O, Martsinovich N, Heckl WM, Lackinger M. Quantifying the Ultraslow Desorption Kinetics of 2,6-Naphthalenedicarboxylic Acid Monolayers at Liquid-Solid Interfaces. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:7320-7326. [PMID: 32787298 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Kinetic effects in monolayer self-assembly at liquid-solid interfaces are not well explored but can provide unique insights. We use variable-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) to quantify the desorption kinetics of 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid (NDA) monolayers at nonanoic acid-graphite interfaces. Quantitative tracking of the decline of molecular coverages by STM between 57.5 and 65.0 °C unveiled single-exponential decays over the course of days. An Arrhenius plot of rate constants derived from fits results in a surprisingly high energy barrier of 208 kJ mol-1 that strongly contrasts with the desorption energy of 16.4 kJ mol-1 with respect to solution as determined from a Born-Haber cycle. This vast discrepancy indicates a high-energy transition state. Expanding these studies to further systems is the key to pinpointing the molecular origin of the remarkably large NDA desorption barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Ochs
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Deutsches Museum, Museumsinsel 1, 80538 Munich, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang M Heckl
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Deutsches Museum, Museumsinsel 1, 80538 Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Lackinger
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Deutsches Museum, Museumsinsel 1, 80538 Munich, Germany
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10
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Mazur U, Hipps KW. Single molecule level studies of reversible ligand binding to metal porphyrins at the solution/solid interface. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424620300049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ligands bind reversibly to metal porphyrins in processes such as molecular recognition, electron transport and catalysis. These chemically relevant processes are ubiquitous in biology and are important in technological applications. In this article, we focus on the current advances in ligand binding to metal porphyrin receptors noncovalently bound at the solution/solid interface. In particular, we restrict ourselves to studies at the single molecule level. Dynamics of the binding/dissociation process can be monitored by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and can yield both qualitative and quantitative information about ligand binding affinity and the energetics that define a particular ligation reaction. Molecular and time dependent imaging can establish whether the process under study is at equilibrium. Ligand-concentration-dependent studies have been used to determine adsorption isotherms and thermodynamic data for processes occurring at the solution/solid interface. In several binding reactions, the solid support acted as an electron-donating fifth coordination site, thereby significantly changing the metal porphyrin receptor’s affinity for exogenous ligands. Supporting calculations provide insight into the metalloporphyrin/support and ligand–metalloporphyrin/support interactions and their energetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Mazur
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science and Engineering Program, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-4630, USA
| | - K. W. Hipps
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science and Engineering Program, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-4630, USA
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11
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Kim Y, Kim Y, Park JY. Restructuring of Porphyrin Networks Driven by Self-Assembled Octanoic Acid Monolayer on Au(111). LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:3792-3797. [PMID: 32202797 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report time-dependent surface restructuring of bicomponent domain structures of 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethyl-21H,23H-porphine (H2OEP) and cobalt(II) 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethyl-21H,23H-porphine (CoOEP) (H2/Co OEP) driven by self-assembled octanoic acid on the surface of Au(111). Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) visualized molecular adsorption/desorption and rearrangement of supramolecular architectures in real-time in a solution of octanoic acid. We found that unique domain structures emerged at an initial state guided by adsorbed octanoic acid on the Au surface. Moreover, the desorption of octanoic acid occurred in solution, leading to the surface restructuring of porphyrin molecular networks. This molecular evidence is well-manifested in the time-dependent phase transitions, monitored by in situ STM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongman Kim
- Department of chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - YoungJae Kim
- Department of chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Young Park
- Department of chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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12
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Peng X, Zhao F, Peng Y, Li J, Zeng Q. Dynamic surface-assisted assembly behaviours mediated by external stimuli. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:54-63. [PMID: 31712788 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01847f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular self-assembly behaviors on solid substrates have been widely investigated in the last few decades. Owing to the complexity of interfacial assembly systems, the precise regulation of supramolecular nanostructures is still challenging and waits to be solved. The supramolecular nanostructures are governed by non-covalent bonds, so they can be disrupted and influenced by an external environment. In this review, the dynamic supramolecular nanostructures that are mediated by external stimuli containing guest species, light irradiation, temperature and electric field are discussed in detail. The research studies mentioned in this article are all accomplished by STM, and the effects of these external stimuli on the assembled nanostructures have been elucidated exhaustively here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, China. and Center of Materials Science and Optoelectonics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fengying Zhao
- Jiangxi College of Applied Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China. and Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geo Materials of Ministry of Education, P. R. China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yang Peng
- Jiangxi College of Applied Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China. and Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geo Materials of Ministry of Education, P. R. China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jing Li
- Jiangxi College of Applied Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China. and Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geo Materials of Ministry of Education, P. R. China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qingdao Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, China. and Center of Materials Science and Optoelectonics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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13
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Adachi K, Hirose T, Matsuda K. The polymorphism of porphyrin 2D assemblies at the liquid-graphite interface: the effect of a polar solvent additive and a flexible spacer on the face-on and edge-on type molecular arrangements. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:8836-8839. [PMID: 31157333 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc02579k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembly structures of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-substituted phenyl)porphyrins at the liquid-graphite interface were investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy. We found that the presence of a small amount of a polar solvent, i.e., only 0.5 vol% of octanoic acid in phenyloctane, significantly affected the selective formation of the face-on polymorph over the edge-on one likely due to the solvent-molecule interactions at the 2D interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenya Adachi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
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14
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Anand M, Siahrostami S, Nørskov JK. Exploring the Effect of Gold Support on the Oxygen Reduction Reaction Activity of Metal Porphycenes. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201801408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Megha Anand
- Department of Chemical Engineering SUNCAT Center for Surface Science and CatalysisStanford University Stanford CA-94035 USA
- Department of PhysicsTechnical University of Denmark Kongens Lyngby 2800 Denmark
| | - Samira Siahrostami
- Department of Chemical Engineering SUNCAT Center for Surface Science and CatalysisStanford University Stanford CA-94035 USA
| | - Jens K. Nørskov
- Department of Chemical Engineering SUNCAT Center for Surface Science and CatalysisStanford University Stanford CA-94035 USA
- Department of PhysicsTechnical University of Denmark Kongens Lyngby 2800 Denmark
- SUNCAT Center for Surface Science and CatalysisSLAC National Laboratory Menlo Park CA-94025 USA
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15
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Goronzy DP, Ebrahimi M, Rosei F, Fang Y, De Feyter S, Tait SL, Wang C, Beton PH, Wee ATS, Weiss PS, Perepichka DF. Supramolecular Assemblies on Surfaces: Nanopatterning, Functionality, and Reactivity. ACS NANO 2018; 12:7445-7481. [PMID: 30010321 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b03513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how molecules interact to form large-scale hierarchical structures on surfaces holds promise for building designer nanoscale constructs with defined chemical and physical properties. Here, we describe early advances in this field and highlight upcoming opportunities and challenges. Both direct intermolecular interactions and those that are mediated by coordinated metal centers or substrates are discussed. These interactions can be additive, but they can also interfere with each other, leading to new assemblies in which electrical potentials vary at distances much larger than those of typical chemical interactions. Earlier spectroscopic and surface measurements have provided partial information on such interfacial effects. In the interim, scanning probe microscopies have assumed defining roles in the field of molecular organization on surfaces, delivering deeper understanding of interactions, structures, and local potentials. Self-assembly is a key strategy to form extended structures on surfaces, advancing nanolithography into the chemical dimension and providing simultaneous control at multiple scales. In parallel, the emergence of graphene and the resulting impetus to explore 2D materials have broadened the field, as surface-confined reactions of molecular building blocks provide access to such materials as 2D polymers and graphene nanoribbons. In this Review, we describe recent advances and point out promising directions that will lead to even greater and more robust capabilities to exploit designer surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic P Goronzy
- California NanoSystems Institute , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Maryam Ebrahimi
- INRS Centre for Energy, Materials and Telecommunications , 1650 Boul. Lionel Boulet , Varennes , Quebec J3X 1S2 , Canada
| | - Federico Rosei
- INRS Centre for Energy, Materials and Telecommunications , 1650 Boul. Lionel Boulet , Varennes , Quebec J3X 1S2 , Canada
- Institute for Fundamental and Frontier Science , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054 , P.R. China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Department of Chemistry , McGill University , Montreal H3A 0B8 , Canada
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Department of Chemistry , KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F , Leuven 3001 , Belgium
| | - Steven L Tait
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University , Bloomington , Indiana 47405 , United States
| | - Chen Wang
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Peter H Beton
- School of Physics & Astronomy , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD , United Kingdom
| | - Andrew T S Wee
- Department of Physics , National University of Singapore , 117542 Singapore
| | - Paul S Weiss
- California NanoSystems Institute , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Dmitrii F Perepichka
- California NanoSystems Institute , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
- Department of Chemistry , McGill University , Montreal H3A 0B8 , Canada
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16
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Kim Y, Doh WH, Kim J, Park JY. In Situ Observations of UV-Induced Restructuring of Self-Assembled Porphyrin Monolayer on Liquid/Au(111) Interface at Molecular Level. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:6003-6009. [PMID: 29726687 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Porphyrin-derived molecules have received much attention for use in solar energy conversion devices, such as artificial leaves and dye-sensitized solar cells. Because of their technological importance, a molecular-level understanding of the mechanism for supramolecular structure formation in a liquid, as well as their stability under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, is important. Here, we observed the self-assembled structure of free-base, copper(II), and nickel(II) octaethylporphyrin formed on Au(111) in a dodecane solution using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). As evident in the STM images, the self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of these three porphyrins on the Au(111) surface showed hexagonal close-packed structures when in dodecane solution. Under UV irradiation (λ = 365 nm), the porphyrin molecules in the SAM or the dodecane solution move extensively and form new porphyrin clusters on the Au sites that have a high degree of freedom. Consequently, the Au(111) surface was covered with disordered porphyrin clusters. However, we found that the porphyrin molecules decomposed under UV irradiation at 254 nm. Molecular-scale observation of the morphological evolution of the porphyrin SAM under UV irradiation can provide a fundamental understanding of the degradation processes of porphyrin-based energy conversion devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongman Kim
- Graduate School of Energy, Environment, Water, and Sustainability (EEWS) , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Won Hui Doh
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongjin Kim
- Graduate School of Energy, Environment, Water, and Sustainability (EEWS) , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Young Park
- Graduate School of Energy, Environment, Water, and Sustainability (EEWS) , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
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17
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Frath D, Yokoyama S, Hirose T, Matsuda K. Photoresponsive supramolecular self-assemblies at the liquid/solid interface. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C: PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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18
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Teyssandier J, Feyter SD, Mali KS. Host-guest chemistry in two-dimensional supramolecular networks. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 52:11465-11487. [PMID: 27709179 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc05256h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nanoporous supramolecular networks physisorbed on solid surfaces have been extensively used to immobilize a variety of guest molecules. Host-guest chemistry in such two-dimensional (2D) porous networks is a rapidly expanding field due to potential applications in separation technology, catalysis and nanoscale patterning. Diverse structural topologies with high crystallinity have been obtained to capture molecular guests of different sizes and shapes. A range of non-covalent forces such as hydrogen bonds, van der Waals interactions, coordinate bonds have been employed to assemble the host networks. Recent years have witnessed a surge in the activity in this field with the implementation of rational design strategies for realizing controlled and selective guest capture. In this feature article, we review the development in the field of surface-supported host-guest chemistry as studied by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Typical host-guest architectures studied on solid surfaces, both under ambient conditions at the solution-solid interface as well as those formed at the ultrahigh vacuum (UHV)-solid interface, are described. We focus on isoreticular host networks, hosts functionalized pores and dynamic host-guest systems that respond to external stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Teyssandier
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Kunal S Mali
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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19
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Hipps KW, Mazur U. Kinetic and Thermodynamic Control in Porphyrin and Phthalocyanine Self-Assembled Monolayers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:3-17. [PMID: 28929771 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Porphyrins and phthalocyanines are ubiquitous in modern science and technology. Their stability, redox properties, and photoresponse make them candidates for numerous applications. Many of these applications rely on thin films, and these are critically dependent on the first monolayer. In this article, we focus on noncovalently bound self-assembled monolayers of porphyrins and phthalocyanines at the solution-solid interface with special emphasis on the kinetic and thermodynamic processes that define the films and their reaction chemistry. We first discuss the difference between film-formation kinetics and desorption kinetics from fully formed films. We then present evidence that many of these monolayers are controlled by adsorption kinetics and are not in thermodynamic equilibrium. Measurement of the solution-solid interface desorption energy by scanning tunneling microscopy is discussed, and data is presented for cobalt, nickel, and free base octaethylporphyrin. The activation energy for the desorption of these compounds into phenyloctane is about half of the computed desorption energy in vacuum, and this is discussed in terms of the role of the solvent. Preexponential factors are very low compared to desorption into vacuum, and this is attributed to a reduction in the entropy of activation due to the participation of solvent in the transition state. An example of the use of relative desorption kinetics to create a new binary surface structure is given. It is suggested that this is a synthesis route that may have been missed because of the large difference in solution concentrations required to drive binary film formation. Attention then turns to the axial reaction chemistry of metalloporphyrins and metallophthalocyanines supported on conducting surfaces. We show several examples of chemistry unique to the supported complexes: cases where the metal binds ligands more readily and cases where the substrate induces ligand loss. Understanding this new axial coordination chemistry is of great importance in catalysis, sensing, and the growth of 3D materials from a self-assembled template.
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Affiliation(s)
- K W Hipps
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science & Engineering Program, Washington State University , Pullman, Washington 99163-4630, United States
| | - Ursula Mazur
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science & Engineering Program, Washington State University , Pullman, Washington 99163-4630, United States
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20
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Kikkawa Y, Tsuzuki S, Kashiwada A, Hiratani K. Self-assembled 2D patterns of structural isomers in isobutenyl compounds revealed by STM at solid/liquid interface. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Amabilino DB, Tait SL. Complex molecular surfaces and interfaces: concluding remarks. Faraday Discuss 2017; 204:487-502. [PMID: 29028066 DOI: 10.1039/c7fd90075a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper is derived from our concluding remarks presentation and the ensuing conversations at the Faraday Discussions meeting on Complex Molecular Surfaces and Interfaces, Sheffield, UK, 24th-26th July 2017. This meeting was comprised of sessions on understanding the interaction of molecules with surfaces and their subsequent organisation, reactivity or properties from both experimental and theoretical perspectives. This paper attempts to put these presentations in the wider context and focuses on topics that were debated during the meeting and where we feel that opportunities lie for the future development of this interdisciplinary research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Amabilino
- School of Chemistry, The University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD Nottingham, UK.
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22
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Guo Z, Yu P, Sun K, Wang W, Wei Y, Li Z. Two-Dimensional Crystallization of Rylene Diimide Based n-Type Semiconductors Tuned by the Dimensions of the Aromatic Core at the Liquid-Solid Interface. Chem Asian J 2017; 12:1104-1110. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201700271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zongxia Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education Department; School of Polymer Science and Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology (QUST); Qingdao 266042 P. R. China
| | - Ping Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education Department; School of Polymer Science and Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology (QUST); Qingdao 266042 P. R. China
| | - Kai Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS); Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Wenpin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education Department; School of Polymer Science and Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology (QUST); Qingdao 266042 P. R. China
| | - Yuhan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education Department; School of Polymer Science and Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology (QUST); Qingdao 266042 P. R. China
| | - Zhibo Li
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education Department; School of Polymer Science and Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology (QUST); Qingdao 266042 P. R. China
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23
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Velpula G, Takeda T, Adisoejoso J, Inukai K, Tahara K, Mali KS, Tobe Y, De Feyter S. On the formation of concentric 2D multicomponent assemblies at the solution–solid interface. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:1108-1111. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc09188a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We report on the design and fabrication of a four-component supramolecular network consisting of three concentric shells around a central guest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangamallaiah Velpula
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics
- Department of Chemistry
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven
- B-3001 Leuven
- Belgium
| | - Takashi Takeda
- Division of Frontier Materials Science
- Graduate School of Engineering Science
- Osaka University
- Toyonaka
- Japan
| | - Jinne Adisoejoso
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics
- Department of Chemistry
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven
- B-3001 Leuven
- Belgium
| | - Koji Inukai
- Division of Frontier Materials Science
- Graduate School of Engineering Science
- Osaka University
- Toyonaka
- Japan
| | - Kazukuni Tahara
- Division of Frontier Materials Science
- Graduate School of Engineering Science
- Osaka University
- Toyonaka
- Japan
| | - Kunal S. Mali
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics
- Department of Chemistry
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven
- B-3001 Leuven
- Belgium
| | - Yoshito Tobe
- Division of Frontier Materials Science
- Graduate School of Engineering Science
- Osaka University
- Toyonaka
- Japan
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics
- Department of Chemistry
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven
- B-3001 Leuven
- Belgium
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24
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Mali KS, Pearce N, De Feyter S, Champness NR. Frontiers of supramolecular chemistry at solid surfaces. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:2520-2542. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00113d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular chemistry on solid surfaces represents an exciting field of research that continues to develop in new and unexpected directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal S. Mali
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics
- Department of Chemistry
- KU Leuven – University of Leuven
- B3001 Leuven
- Belgium
| | | | - Steven De Feyter
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics
- Department of Chemistry
- KU Leuven – University of Leuven
- B3001 Leuven
- Belgium
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25
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Guo Z, Yu P, Sun K, Lei S, Yi Y, Li Z. Role of halogen⋯halogen interactions in the 2D crystallization of n-semiconductors at the liquid–solid interface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:31540-31544. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp06027k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The impact of X⋯X interactions on the 2D crystallization of perylene-based n-semiconductors at the liquid–solid interface was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongxia Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education Department; School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology (QUST)
- Qingdao
- P. R. China
| | - Ping Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education Department; School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology (QUST)
- Qingdao
- P. R. China
| | - Kai Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS); Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Shengbin Lei
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- P. R. China
| | - Yuanping Yi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS); Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Zhibo Li
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education Department; School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology (QUST)
- Qingdao
- P. R. China
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26
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Nandi G, Chilukuri B, Hipps KW, Mazur U. Surface directed reversible imidazole ligation to nickel(ii) octaethylporphyrin at the solution/solid interface: a single molecule level study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:20819-29. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp04454a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
STM and DFT calculations are used to study the reversible binding of imidazole to NiOEP supported on HOPG in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goutam Nandi
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science and Engineering Program
- Washington State University
- Pullman
- USA
| | - Bhaskar Chilukuri
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science and Engineering Program
- Washington State University
- Pullman
- USA
| | - K. W. Hipps
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science and Engineering Program
- Washington State University
- Pullman
- USA
| | - Ursula Mazur
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science and Engineering Program
- Washington State University
- Pullman
- USA
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27
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Reimers JR, Ford MJ, Goerigk L. Problems, successes and challenges for the application of dispersion-corrected density-functional theory combined with dispersion-based implicit solvent models to large-scale hydrophobic self-assembly and polymorphism. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2015.1066504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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28
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Reimers JR, Panduwinata D, Visser J, Chin Y, Tang C, Goerigk L, Ford MJ, Sintic M, Sum TJ, Coenen MJJ, Hendriksen BLM, Elemans JAAW, Hush NS, Crossley MJ. A priori calculations of the free energy of formation from solution of polymorphic self-assembled monolayers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E6101-10. [PMID: 26512115 PMCID: PMC4653194 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1516984112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern quantum chemical electronic structure methods typically applied to localized chemical bonding are developed to predict atomic structures and free energies for meso-tetraalkylporphyrin self-assembled monolayer (SAM) polymorph formation from organic solution on highly ordered pyrolytic graphite surfaces. Large polymorph-dependent dispersion-induced substrate-molecule interactions (e.g., -100 kcal mol(-1) to -150 kcal mol(-1) for tetratrisdecylporphyrin) are found to drive SAM formation, opposed nearly completely by large polymorph-dependent dispersion-induced solvent interactions (70-110 kcal mol(-1)) and entropy effects (25-40 kcal mol(-1) at 298 K) favoring dissolution. Dielectric continuum models of the solvent are used, facilitating consideration of many possible SAM polymorphs, along with quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical and dispersion-corrected density functional theory calculations. These predict and interpret newly measured and existing high-resolution scanning tunnelling microscopy images of SAM structure, rationalizing polymorph formation conditions. A wide range of molecular condensed matter properties at room temperature now appear suitable for prediction and analysis using electronic structure calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R Reimers
- International Centre for Quantum and Molecular Structure, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, The University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia;
| | - Dwi Panduwinata
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Johan Visser
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Yiing Chin
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Chunguang Tang
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Lars Goerigk
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Michael J Ford
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, The University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Maxine Sintic
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Tze-Jing Sum
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Michiel J J Coenen
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bas L M Hendriksen
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes A A W Elemans
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Noel S Hush
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Biomolecular Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Maxwell J Crossley
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
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29
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Mazur U, Hipps KW. Kinetic and thermodynamic processes of organic species at the solution-solid interface: the view through an STM. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:4737-49. [PMID: 25634141 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc09840d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A focused review is presented on the evolution of our understanding of the kinetic and thermodynamic factors that play a critical role in the formation of well ordered organic adlayers at the solution-solid interface. While the current state of knowledge is in the very early stages, it is now clear that assumptions of kinetic or thermodynamic control are dangerous and require careful confirmation. Equilibrium processes at the solution-solid interface are being described by evolving thermodynamic models that utilize concepts from the thermodynamics of micelles. A surface adsorption version of the Born-Haber cycle is helping to extract the thermodynamic functions of state associated with equilibrium structures, but only a very few systems have been so analyzed. The kinetics of surface phase transformation, especially for polymorphic phases is in an early qualitative stage. Adsorption and desorption kinetics are just starting to be measured. The study of kinetics and thermodynamics for organic self-assembly at the solution-solid interface is experiencing very exciting and rapid growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Mazur
- Chemistry Department and Materials Science and Engineering Program, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4630, USA.
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30
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Li M, den Boer D, Iavicoli P, Adisoejoso J, Uji-i H, Van der Auweraer M, Amabilino DB, Elemans JAAW, De Feyter S. Tip-Induced Chemical Manipulation of Metal Porphyrins at a Liquid/Solid Interface. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:17418-21. [DOI: 10.1021/ja510930z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Division
of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KU Leuven−University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan
200-F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- CAS
Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety,
Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Duncan den Boer
- Division
of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KU Leuven−University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan
200-F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg
135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Patrizia Iavicoli
- Institut
de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Campus Universitari, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jinne Adisoejoso
- Division
of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KU Leuven−University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan
200-F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hiroshi Uji-i
- Division
of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KU Leuven−University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan
200-F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mark Van der Auweraer
- Division
of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KU Leuven−University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan
200-F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - David B. Amabilino
- Institut
de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Campus Universitari, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Johannes A. A. W. Elemans
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg
135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Division
of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KU Leuven−University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan
200-F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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31
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Cui K, Schlütter F, Ivasenko O, Kivala M, Schwab MG, Lee SL, Mertens SFL, Tahara K, Tobe Y, Müllen K, Mali KS, De Feyter S. Multicomponent self-assembly with a shape-persistent N-heterotriangulene macrocycle on Au(111). Chemistry 2014; 21:1652-9. [PMID: 25413370 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Multicomponent network formation by using a shape-persistent macrocycle (MC6) at the interface between an organic liquid and Au(111) surface is demonstrated. MC6 serves as a versatile building block that can be coadsorbed with a variety of organic molecules based on different types of noncovalent interactions at the liquid-solid interface. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) reveals the formation of crystalline bicomponent networks upon codeposition of MC6 with aromatic molecules, such as fullerene (C60) and coronene. Tetracyanoquinodimethane, on the other hand, was found to induce disorder into the MC6 networks by adsorbing on the rim of the macrocycle. Immobilization of MC6 itself was studied in two different noncovalently assembled host networks. MC6 assumed a rather passive role as a guest and simply occupied the host cavities in one network, whereas it induced a structural transition in the other. Finally, the central cavity of MC6 was used to capture C60 in a complex three-component system. Precise immobilization of organic molecules at discrete locations within multicomponent networks, as demonstrated here, constitutes an important step towards bottom-up fabrication of functional surface-based nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Cui
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven (Belgium)
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32
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Jahanbekam A, Mazur U, Hipps KW. A new variable temperature solution-solid interface scanning tunneling microscope. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2014; 85:103701. [PMID: 25362397 DOI: 10.1063/1.4896475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present a new solution-solid (SS) interface scanning tunneling microscope design that enables imaging at high temperatures with low thermal drift and with volatile solvents. In this new design, distinct from the conventional designs, the entire microscope is surrounded in a controlled-temperature and controlled-atmosphere chamber. This allows users to take measurements at high temperatures while minimizing thermal drift. By incorporating an open solution reservoir in the chamber, solvent evaporation from the sample is minimized; allowing users to use volatile solvents for temperature dependent studies at high temperatures. The new design enables the user to image at the SS interface with some volatile solvents for long periods of time (>24 h). An increase in the nonlinearity of the piezoelectric scanner in the lateral direction as a function of temperature is addressed. A temperature dependent study of cobalt(II) octaethylporphyrin (CoOEP) at the toluene/Au(111) interface has been performed with this instrument. It is demonstrated that the lattice parameters remain constant within experimental error from 24 °C to 75 °C. Similar quality images were obtained over the entire temperature range. We report the unit cell of CoOEP at the toluene/Au(111) interface (based on two molecules per unit cell) to be A = (1.36 ± 0.04) nm, B = (2.51 ± 0.04) nm, and α = 97° ± 2°.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolreza Jahanbekam
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science and Engineering Program, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-4630, USA
| | - Ursula Mazur
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science and Engineering Program, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-4630, USA
| | - K W Hipps
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science and Engineering Program, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-4630, USA
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33
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Coenen MJJ, Khoury T, Crossley MJ, Hendriksen BLM, Elemans JAAW, Speller S. Nanostructuring of Self-Assembled Porphyrin Networks at a Solid/Liquid Interface: Local Manipulation under Global Control. Chemphyschem 2014; 15:3484-8. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201402449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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34
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Lee SL, Yuan Z, Chen L, Mali KS, Müllen K, De Feyter S. Flow-Assisted 2D Polymorph Selection: Stabilizing Metastable Monolayers at the Liquid–Solid Interface. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:7595-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ja503466p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shern-Long Lee
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department
of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Zhongyi Yuan
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Long Chen
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Kunal S. Mali
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department
of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Steven De Feyter
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department
of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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35
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Chilukuri B, Mazur U, Hipps KW. Effect of dispersion on surface interactions of cobalt(ii) octaethylporphyrin monolayer on Au(111) and HOPG(0001) substrates: a comparative first principles study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:14096-107. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp01762e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Implication of dispersion interactions on geometric, adsorption and electronic properties of porphyrin monolayer on conductive surfaces using density functional theory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ursula Mazur
- Department of Chemistry
- Washington State University
- Pullman, USA
| | - K. W. Hipps
- Department of Chemistry
- Washington State University
- Pullman, USA
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36
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Lensen D, Habets T, Elemans JAAW. Dynamic rearrangement of bilayers of porphyrin hetero-dimers at a solid/liquid interface. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:7291-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc02963a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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