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Ilyina IV, Patrusheva OS, Goltsova VV, Christopher KM, Gatilov YV, Sidorenko AY, Agabekov VE, Salakhutdinov NF, Alabugin IV, Volcho KP. Unusual Cascade Reactions of 8-Acetoxy-6-hydroxymethyllimonene with Salicylic Aldehydes: Diverse Oxygen Heterocycles from Common Precursors. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 39083794 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Chiral oxygen-containing heterocyclic compounds are of great interest for the development of pharmaceuticals. Monoterpenes and their derivatives are naturally abundant precursors of novel synthetic chiral oxygen-containing heterocyclic compounds. In this study, acid catalyzed reactions of salicylic aldehydes with (-)-8-acetoxy-6-hydroxymethyllimonene, readily accessible from α-pinene, leads to the formation of chiral polycyclic products of various structural types. Three of the six isolated chiral heterocyclic products obtained from salicylic aldehyde contain previously unknown polycyclic ring types. Having carried out the reaction in the presence of Brønsted or Lewis acids (Amberlyst 15, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, trifluoroacetic acid and boron trifluoride etherate) or aluminosilicates (montmorillonite K10, halloysite nanotubes), we found that the nature of products depends on the catalyst as well as the reaction conditions (reaction time, reactant ratio, presence or absence of solvent). Detailed mechanistic insight on the complex cascade reactions for product formation is provided with extensive experimental and quantum mechanical computational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina V Ilyina
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Avenue, 9, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Oksana S Patrusheva
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Avenue, 9, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Victoria V Goltsova
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Avenue, 9, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Kimberley M Christopher
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Yuri V Gatilov
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Avenue, 9, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Alexander Yu Sidorenko
- Institute of Chemistry of New Materials of National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Skaryna Str, 36, Minsk 220141, Belarus
| | - Vladimir E Agabekov
- Institute of Chemistry of New Materials of National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Skaryna Str, 36, Minsk 220141, Belarus
| | - Nariman F Salakhutdinov
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Avenue, 9, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Igor V Alabugin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Konstantin P Volcho
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Avenue, 9, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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2
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Watanabe A, Hikone Y, Nagatomo M, Inoue M. Conversion of Phorbol into Des-D-Ring Tricycle and Crotonianoid B via Peroxidation Reaction. Org Lett 2024; 26:4335-4339. [PMID: 38738923 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Phorbol (1) has a tetracyclic ABCD-ring and is readily isolable from a natural source. We previously synthesized 1 and 16 structurally related natural products using common ABC-ring intermediate 2. Here we report a new synthetic route to 2 using 1 as a starting material. Key features of the synthesis are chemoselective removal of the D-ring via cyclopropane opening, peroxidation, and retro-aldol reactions. The high utility of the peroxidation was further demonstrated in the first synthesis of crotonianoid B (9).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumu Watanabe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuto Hikone
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masanori Nagatomo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masayuki Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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3
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Huo T, Zhao X, Cheng Z, Wei J, Zhu M, Dou X, Jiao N. Late-stage modification of bioactive compounds: Improving druggability through efficient molecular editing. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:1030-1076. [PMID: 38487004 PMCID: PMC10935128 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Synthetic chemistry plays an indispensable role in drug discovery, contributing to hit compounds identification, lead compounds optimization, candidate drugs preparation, and so on. As Nobel Prize laureate James Black emphasized, "the most fruitful basis for the discovery of a new drug is to start with an old drug"1. Late-stage modification or functionalization of drugs, natural products and bioactive compounds have garnered significant interest due to its ability to introduce diverse elements into bioactive compounds promptly. Such modifications alter the chemical space and physiochemical properties of these compounds, ultimately influencing their potency and druggability. To enrich a toolbox of chemical modification methods for drug discovery, this review focuses on the incorporation of halogen, oxygen, and nitrogen-the ubiquitous elements in pharmacophore components of the marketed drugs-through late-stage modification in recent two decades, and discusses the state and challenges faced in these fields. We also emphasize that increasing cooperation between chemists and pharmacists may be conducive to the rapid discovery of new activities of the functionalized molecules. Ultimately, we hope this review would serve as a valuable resource, facilitating the application of late-stage modification in the construction of novel molecules and inspiring innovative concepts for designing and building new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongyu Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xinyi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zengrui Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jialiang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Minghui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaodong Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ning Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing 102206, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
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4
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Abstract
Verruculogens are rare fumitremorgin alkaloids that contain a highly unusual eight-membered endoperoxide. In this paper, we report a concise chemoenzymatic synthesis of 13-oxoverruculogen using enzymatic C-H peroxidation and rhodium-catalyzed C-C bond activation reactions to install the eight-membered endoperoxide and the pentacyclic core of the natural product, respectively. Our strategy involves the use of 13-epi-fumitremorgin B as a substrate analog for endoperoxidation by verruculogen synthase, FtmOx1. The resulting product, 13-epi-verruculogen, is the first unnatural endoperoxide generated by FtmOx1 and is used in the first synthesis of 13-oxoverruculogen. This strategy enables a 10-step synthesis of this natural product from commercially available starting materials and illustrates a hybrid approach utilizing biocatalytic and transition-metal-catalyzed reactions to access challenging alkaloid architectures. Moreover, this work demonstrates the use of native enzyme promiscuity as a viable strategy for the chemoenzymatic synthesis of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- Brandeis University, Edison-Lecks Laboratory, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Brandon Singh
- Brandeis University, Edison-Lecks Laboratory, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Gabriel Cohen
- Brandeis University, Edison-Lecks Laboratory, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Chi P Ting
- Brandeis University, Edison-Lecks Laboratory, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
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Wang DM, She LQ, Yuan H, Wu Y, Tang Y, Wang P. Ligand-Enabled Ni II -Catalyzed Hydroxylarylation of Alkenes with Molecular Oxygen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202304573. [PMID: 37431727 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202304573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
The use of molecular oxygen as the terminal oxidant in transition metal catalyzed oxidative process is an appealing and challenging task in organic synthetic chemistry. Here, we report a Ni-catalyzed hydroxylarylation of unactivated alkenes enabled by a β-diketone ligand with high efficiency and excellent regioselectivity employing molecular oxygen as the oxidant and hydroxyl source. This reaction features mild conditions, broad substrate scope and incredible heterocycle compatibility, providing a variety of β-hydroxylamides, γ-hydroxylamides, β-aminoalcohols, γ-aminoalcohols, and 1,3-diols in high yields. The synthetic value of this methodology was demonstrated by the efficient synthesis of two bioactive compounds, (±)-3'-methoxyl citreochlorol and tea catechin metabolites M4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao-Ming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
- Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Lu, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
| | - Li-Qin She
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Hao Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yichen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
- Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Lu, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou, 310024, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Energy Regulation Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
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Makhmudiyarova NN, Ishmukhametova IR, Tyumkina TV, Mescheryakova ES, Dzhemileva L, D'yakonov V, Terent'ev AO, Dzhemilev UM. Multicomponent Assembly of Bicyclic Aza-peroxides Catalyzed by Samarium Complexes and Their Cytotoxic Activity. J Org Chem 2023; 88:11473-11485. [PMID: 37557189 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
An original strategy toward bridged tetraoxazaspirobicycloalkanes was developed. The synthesis is based on a three-component condensation-cyclization reaction of primary arylamines with 1,1'-peroxybis (1-hydroperoxycycloalkanes) and pentane-1,5-dial catalyzed by Sm(NO3)3·6H2O. The structures and conformations of the products were determined by X-ray diffraction analysis and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. High cytotoxic activity and biological potential toward ferroptosis induction were found for the synthesized bicyclic aza-peroxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya N Makhmudiyarova
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 141 prospekt Oktyabrya, 450075 Ufa, Russian Federation
| | - Irina R Ishmukhametova
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 141 prospekt Oktyabrya, 450075 Ufa, Russian Federation
| | - Tatyana V Tyumkina
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 141 prospekt Oktyabrya, 450075 Ufa, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina S Mescheryakova
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 141 prospekt Oktyabrya, 450075 Ufa, Russian Federation
| | - Lilya Dzhemileva
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, 47, Leninsky prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir D'yakonov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, 47, Leninsky prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander O Terent'ev
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, 47, Leninsky prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Usein M Dzhemilev
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, 47, Leninsky prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
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7
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Wu X, Gannett CN, Liu J, Zeng R, Novaes LFT, Wang H, Abruña HD, Lin S. Intercepting Hydrogen Evolution with Hydrogen-Atom Transfer: Electron-Initiated Hydrofunctionalization of Alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:17783-17791. [PMID: 36137298 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen-atom transfer mediated by earth-abundant transition-metal hydrides (M-Hs) has emerged as a powerful tool in organic synthesis. Current methods to generate M-Hs most frequently rely on oxidatively initiated hydride transfer. Herein, we report a reductive approach to generate Co-H, which allows for canonical hydrogen evolution reactions to be intercepted by hydrogen-atom transfer to an alkene. Electroanalytical and spectroscopic studies provided mechanistic insights into the formation and reactivity of Co-H, which enabled the development of two new alkene hydrofunctionalization reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Cara N Gannett
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Jinjian Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Rui Zeng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Luiz F T Novaes
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Hongsen Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Héctor D Abruña
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Song Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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8
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Herbort JH, Bednar TN, Chen AD, RajanBabu TV, Nagib DA. γ C-H Functionalization of Amines via Triple H-Atom Transfer of a Vinyl Sulfonyl Radical Chaperone. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:13366-13373. [PMID: 35820104 PMCID: PMC9405708 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A selective, remote desaturation has been developed to rapidly access homoallyl amines from their aliphatic precursors. The strategy employs a triple H-atom transfer (HAT) cascade, entailing (i) cobalt-catalyzed metal-HAT (MHAT), (ii) carbon-to-carbon 1,6-HAT, and (iii) Co-H regeneration via MHAT. A new class of sulfonyl radical chaperone (to rapidly access and direct remote, radical reactivity) enables remote desaturation of diverse amines, amino acids, and peptides with excellent site-, chemo-, and regioselectivity. The key, enabling C-to-C HAT step in this cascade was computationally designed to satisfy both thermodynamic (bond strength) and kinetic (polarity) requirements, and it has been probed via regioselectivity, isomerization, and competition experiments. We have also interrupted this radical transfer dehydrogenation to achieve γ-selective C-Cl, C-CN, and C-N bond formations.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H Herbort
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Taylor N Bednar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Andrew D Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - T V RajanBabu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - David A Nagib
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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9
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Lusi RF, Perea MA, Sarpong R. C-C Bond Cleavage of α-Pinene Derivatives Prepared from Carvone as a General Strategy for Complex Molecule Synthesis. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:746-758. [PMID: 35170951 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of complex molecules (e.g., biologically active secondary metabolites) remains an important pursuit in chemical synthesis. By virtue of their sophisticated architectures, complex natural products inspire total synthesis campaigns that can lead to completely new ways of building molecules. In the twentieth century, one such paradigm which emerged was the use of naturally occurring "chiral pool terpenes" as starting materials for total synthesis. These inexpensive and naturally abundant molecules provide an easily accessed source of enantioenriched material for the enantiospecific preparation of natural products. The most common applications of chiral pool terpenes are in syntheses where their structure can, entirely or largely, be superimposed directly onto a portion of the target structure. Less straightforward uses, where the structure of the starting chiral pool terpene is not immediately evident in the structure of the target, can be more challenging to implement. Nevertheless, these "nonintuitive" approaches illustrate the ultimate promise of chiral pool-based strategies: that any single chiral pool terpene could be applied to syntheses of an indefinite number of structurally diverse complex synthetic targets.By definition, such strategies require carefully orchestrated sequences of C-C bond forming and C-C cleaving reactions which result in remodeling of the terpene architecture. The combination of traditional rearrangement chemistry and transition-metal-catalyzed C-C cleavage methods, the latter of which were primarily developed in the early twenty-first century, provide a rich and powerful toolbox for implementing this remodeling approach. In this Account, we detail our efforts to use a variety of C-C cleavage tactics in the skeletal remodeling of carvone, a chiral pool terpene. This skeletal remodeling strategy enabled the reorganization of the carvone scaffold into synthetic intermediates with a variety of carboskeletons, which we, then, leveraged for the total syntheses of structurally disparate terpene natural products.We begin by describing our initial investigations into various, mechanistically distinct C-C cleavage processes involving cyclobutanols synthesized from carvone. These initial studies showcased how electrophile-mediated semipinacol rearrangements of these cyclobutanols can lead to [2.2.1]bicyclic intermediates, and how Rh- and Pd-catalyzed C-C cleavage can lead to a variety of densely functionalized cyclohexenes pertinent to natural product synthesis. We, then, present several total syntheses using these synthetic intermediates, beginning with the bridged, polycyclic sesquiterpenoid longiborneol, which was synthesized from a carvone-derived [2.2.1]bicycle following a key semipinacol rearrangement. Next, we discuss how several members of the macrocyclic phomactin family were synthesized from a cyclohexene derivative prepared through a Rh-catalyzed C-C cleavage reaction. Finally, we describe our synthesis of the marine diterpene xishacorene B, which was prepared using a key Pd-catalyzed C-C cleavage/cross-coupling that facilitated the assembly of the core [3.3.1]bicycle that is resident in the natural product structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert F. Lusi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Melecio A. Perea
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Richmond Sarpong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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10
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Selective synthesis of iminodioxaspirononanes and diazaspirononanes using formic acid-activated Mn(III) oxidation of N1,N3-disubstitued malonamides with 1,1-diarylethenes. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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11
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Bao R, Zhang H, Tang Y. Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Products: A Journey To Learn, To Mimic, and To Be Better. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:3720-3733. [PMID: 34549936 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Total synthesis of natural products has been one of the most exciting and dynamic areas in synthetic organic chemistry. Nowadays, the major challenge in this field is not whether a given target of interest can be synthesized but how to make it with commendable efficiency and practicality. To meet this grand challenge, a wise way is to learn from Mother Nature who is recognized for her superb capability of forging complicated and sometimes beyond-imagination molecules in her own delicate way. Indeed, since Sir Robert Robinson published his groundbreaking synthesis of tropinone in 1917, biomimetic synthesis of natural products, a process of imitating nature's way to make molecules, has evolved into one of the most popular research directions in organic synthesis.Our group has been engaging in biomimetic synthesis of natural products in the past decade. During this time, we have come to realize that the successful implementation of a biomimetic synthesis entails the orchestrated combination of bioinspiration and rational design. On the one hand, we prefer to utilize some elegant bioinspired transformations (e.g., Diels-Alder dimerization, 6π-electrocyclization, and [2 + 2]-photocycloaddition) as the key steps of our synthesis, which enable rapid construction of the core skeletons of the chased targets with high efficiency; on the other hand, various powerful reactions (e.g., dyotropic rearrangement of β-lactone, tandem aldol condensation/Grob fragmentation reaction, and organocatalytic asymmetric Mukaiyama-Michael addition) are rationally designed by us, which allow for facile access to the requisite precursors for attempting biomimetic transformations. In some cases, the proposed biomimetic transformation may fail to give a satisfactory result in practice, and thus we opt to develop creative tactics (e.g., hydrogen atom transfer-triggered vinyl cyclobutane ring opening/oxygen insertion/cyclization cascade) that can meet the challenge. Guided by this synthesis concept, we have achieved the total syntheses of multiple families of natural products of great importance in both chemistry and biology, representatives of which include xanthanolides, cytochalasans, and plakortin-type polyketides. Of note, most of these targets could be accessed in a concise, efficient, and scalable manner, which paves the way for further exploration of their biological functions and medicinal potential. Moreover, owing to their biomimetic nature, our syntheses provide valuable information for deciphering the underlying biosynthetic pathways of the chased targets, which could not be attained by other synthetic modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyang Bao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Haoyu Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yefeng Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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12
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Alabugin IV, Kuhn L, Medvedev MG, Krivoshchapov NV, Vil' VA, Yaremenko IA, Mehaffy P, Yarie M, Terent'ev AO, Zolfigol MA. Stereoelectronic power of oxygen in control of chemical reactivity: the anomeric effect is not alone. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:10253-10345. [PMID: 34263287 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00386k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although carbon is the central element of organic chemistry, oxygen is the central element of stereoelectronic control in organic chemistry. Generally, a molecule with a C-O bond has both a strong donor (a lone pair) and a strong acceptor (e.g., a σ*C-O orbital), a combination that provides opportunities to influence chemical transformations at both ends of the electron demand spectrum. Oxygen is a stereoelectronic chameleon that adapts to the varying situations in radical, cationic, anionic, and metal-mediated transformations. Arguably, the most historically important stereoelectronic effect is the anomeric effect (AE), i.e., the axial preference of acceptor groups at the anomeric position of sugars. Although AE is generally attributed to hyperconjugative interactions of σ-acceptors with a lone pair at oxygen (negative hyperconjugation), recent literature reports suggested alternative explanations. In this context, it is timely to evaluate the fundamental connections between the AE and a broad variety of O-functional groups. Such connections illustrate the general role of hyperconjugation with oxygen lone pairs in reactivity. Lessons from the AE can be used as the conceptual framework for organizing disjointed observations into a logical body of knowledge. In contrast, neglect of hyperconjugation can be deeply misleading as it removes the stereoelectronic cornerstone on which, as we show in this review, the chemistry of organic oxygen functionalities is largely based. As negative hyperconjugation releases the "underutilized" stereoelectronic power of unshared electrons (the lone pairs) for the stabilization of a developing positive charge, the role of orbital interactions increases when the electronic demand is high and molecules distort from their equilibrium geometries. From this perspective, hyperconjugative anomeric interactions play a unique role in guiding reaction design. In this manuscript, we discuss the reactivity of organic O-functionalities, outline variations in the possible hyperconjugative patterns, and showcase the vast implications of AE for the structure and reactivity. On our journey through a variety of O-containing organic functional groups, from textbook to exotic, we will illustrate how this knowledge can predict chemical reactivity and unlock new useful synthetic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor V Alabugin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
| | - Leah Kuhn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
| | - Michael G Medvedev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.,A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilova St., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Nikolai V Krivoshchapov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1 (3), Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Vera A Vil'
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Ivan A Yaremenko
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Patricia Mehaffy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
| | - Meysam Yarie
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan 65167, Iran
| | - Alexander O Terent'ev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Mohammad Ali Zolfigol
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan 65167, Iran
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13
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Peralta-Neel Z, Woerpel KA. Hydroperoxidations of Alkenes using Cobalt Picolinate Catalysts. Org Lett 2021; 23:5002-5006. [PMID: 34125543 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Hydroperoxides were synthesized in one step from various alkenes using Co(pic)2 as the catalyst with molecular oxygen and tetramethyldisiloxane (TMDSO). The hydration product could be obtained using a modified catalyst, Co(3-mepic)2, with molecular oxygen and phenylsilane. Formation of hydroperoxides occurred through a rapid Co-O bond metathesis of a peroxycobalt compound with isopropanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulema Peralta-Neel
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - K A Woerpel
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
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14
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Chong C, Zhang Q, Ke J, Zhang H, Yang X, Wang B, Ding W, Lu Z. Total Synthesis of Anti‐Cancer Meroterpenoids Dysideanone B and Dysiherbol A and Structural Reassignment of Dysiherbol A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanke Chong
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology College of Pharmacy Nankai University 38 Tongyan Rd Tianjin 300350 China
| | - Qunlong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology College of Pharmacy Nankai University 38 Tongyan Rd Tianjin 300350 China
| | - Jia Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology College of Pharmacy Nankai University 38 Tongyan Rd Tianjin 300350 China
| | - Haiming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology College of Pharmacy Nankai University 38 Tongyan Rd Tianjin 300350 China
| | - Xudong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology College of Pharmacy Nankai University 38 Tongyan Rd Tianjin 300350 China
| | - Bingjian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology College of Pharmacy Nankai University 38 Tongyan Rd Tianjin 300350 China
| | - Wei Ding
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics Nankai University 156 Third Rd Tianjin 300052 China
| | - Zhaoyong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology College of Pharmacy Nankai University 38 Tongyan Rd Tianjin 300350 China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines China Pharmaceutical University 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 China
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15
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Chong C, Zhang Q, Ke J, Zhang H, Yang X, Wang B, Ding W, Lu Z. Total Synthesis of Anti-Cancer Meroterpenoids Dysideanone B and Dysiherbol A and Structural Reassignment of Dysiherbol A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:13807-13813. [PMID: 33847042 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The first total synthesis of marine anti-cancer meroterpenoids dysideanone B and dysiherbol A have been accomplished in a divergent way. The synthetic route features: 1) a site and stereoselective α-position alkylation of a Wieland-Miescher ketone derivative with a bulky benzyl bromide to join the terpene and aromatic moieties together and set the stage for subsequent cyclization reactions; 2) an intramolecular radical cyclization to construct the 6/6/6/6-tetracycle of dysideanone B and an intramolecular Heck reaction to forge the 6/6/5/6-fused core structure of dysiherbol A. A late-stage introduction of the ethoxy group in dysideanone B reveals that this group might come from the solvent ethanol. The structure of dysiherbol A has been revised based on our chemical total synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanke Chong
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Rd, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Qunlong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Rd, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Jia Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Rd, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Haiming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Rd, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Xudong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Rd, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Bingjian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Rd, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Wei Ding
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Nankai University, 156 Third Rd, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Zhaoyong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Rd, Tianjin, 300350, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
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16
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Luo X, Wang Y, Xie X, Su T, Chen J, Qin Z, Ji H. Catalytic Ozonation of Cinnamaldehyde to Benzaldehyde over Ca(OH)
2. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202100786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangxi University 100 Daxue Dong Rd. Nanning Guangxi 530004 P. R. China
| | - Yiyuan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangxi University 100 Daxue Dong Rd. Nanning Guangxi 530004 P. R. China
| | - Xinling Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangxi University 100 Daxue Dong Rd. Nanning Guangxi 530004 P. R. China
| | - Tongming Su
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangxi University 100 Daxue Dong Rd. Nanning Guangxi 530004 P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Chen
- School of Resources Environment and Materials Guangxi University 100 Daxue Dong Rd. Nanning Guangxi 530004 P. R. China
| | - Zuzeng Qin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangxi University 100 Daxue Dong Rd. Nanning Guangxi 530004 P. R. China
| | - Hongbing Ji
- Fine Chemical Industry Research Institute School of Chemistry Sun Yat-sen University 135, Xingang Xi Road Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
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17
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Bhunia A, Bergander K, Daniliuc CG, Studer A. Fe‐Catalyzed Anaerobic Mukaiyama‐Type Hydration of Alkenes using Nitroarenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202015740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anup Bhunia
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfalische Wilhelms-Universität Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Klaus Bergander
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfalische Wilhelms-Universität Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | | | - Armido Studer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfalische Wilhelms-Universität Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
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18
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Bhunia A, Bergander K, Daniliuc CG, Studer A. Fe-Catalyzed Anaerobic Mukaiyama-Type Hydration of Alkenes using Nitroarenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:8313-8320. [PMID: 33476093 PMCID: PMC8049001 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202015740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hydration of alkenes using first row transition metals (Fe, Co, Mn) under oxygen atmosphere (Mukaiyama-type hydration) is highly practical for alkene functionalization in complex synthesis. Different hydration protocols have been developed, however, control of the stereoselectivity remains a challenge. Herein, highly diastereoselective Fe-catalyzed anaerobic Markovnikov-selective hydration of alkenes using nitroarenes as oxygenation reagents is reported. The nitro moiety is not well explored in radical chemistry and nitroarenes are known to suppress free radical processes. Our findings show the potential of cheap nitroarenes as oxygen donors in radical transformations. Secondary and tertiary alcohols were prepared with excellent Markovnikov-selectivity. The method features large functional group tolerance and is also applicable for late-stage chemical functionalization. The anaerobic protocol outperforms existing hydration methodology in terms of reaction efficiency and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Bhunia
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfalische Wilhelms-UniversitätCorrensstraße 4048149MünsterGermany
| | - Klaus Bergander
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfalische Wilhelms-UniversitätCorrensstraße 4048149MünsterGermany
| | | | - Armido Studer
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfalische Wilhelms-UniversitätCorrensstraße 4048149MünsterGermany
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19
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Xuan J, Haelsig KT, Sheremet M, Machicao PA, Maimone TJ. Evolution of a Synthetic Strategy for Complex Polypyrrole Alkaloids: Total Syntheses of Curvulamine and Curindolizine. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:2970-2983. [PMID: 33570388 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c13465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Structurally unprecedented antibacterial alkaloids containing multiple electron-rich pyrrole units have recently been isolated from Curvularia sp. and Bipolaris maydis fungi. This article documents the evolution of a synthetic program aimed at accessing the flagship metabolites curvulamine and curindolizine which are presumably a dimer and trimer of a C10N biosynthetic building block, respectively. Starting with curvulamine, we detail several strategies to merge two simple, bioinspired fragments, which while ultimately unsuccessful, led us toward a pyrroloazepinone building block-based strategy and an improved synthesis of this 10π-aromatic heterocycle. A two-step annulation process was then designed to forge a conserved tetracyclic bis-pyrrole architecture and advanced into a variety of late-stage intermediates; unfortunately, however, a failed decarboxylation thwarted the total synthesis of curvulamine. By tailoring our annulation precursors, success was ultimately found through the use of a cyanohydrin nucleophile which enabled a 10-step total synthesis of curvulamine. Attempts were then made to realize a biomimetic coupling of curvulamine with an additional C10N fragment to arrive at curindolizine, the most complex family member. Although unproductive, we developed a 14-step total synthesis of this alkaloid through an abiotic coupling approach. Throughout this work, effort was made to harness and exploit the innate reactivity of the pyrrole nucleus, an objective which has uncovered many interesting findings in the chemistry of this reactive heterocycle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Thomas J Maimone
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, 826 Latimer Hall, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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20
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Patel OPS, Beteck RM, Legoabe LJ. Exploration of artemisinin derivatives and synthetic peroxides in antimalarial drug discovery research. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 213:113193. [PMID: 33508479 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is a life-threatening infectious disease caused by protozoal parasites belonging to the genus Plasmodium. It caused an estimated 405,000 deaths and 228 million malaria cases globally in 2018 as per the World Malaria Report released by World Health Organization (WHO) in 2019. Artemisinin (ART), a "Nobel medicine" and its derivatives have proven potential application in antimalarial drug discovery programs. In this review, antimalarial activity of the most active artemisinin derivatives modified at C-10/C-11/C-16/C-6 positions and synthetic peroxides (endoperoxides, 1,2,4-trioxolanes, 1,2,4-trioxanes, and 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes) are systematically summarized. The developmental trend of ART derivatives, and cyclic peroxides along with their antimalarial activity and how the activity is affected by structural variations on different sites of the compounds are discussed. This compilation would be very useful towards scaffold hopping aimed at avoiding the unnecessary complexity in cyclic peroxides, and ultimately act as a handy resource for the development of potential chemotherapeutics against Plasmodium species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Om P S Patel
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.
| | - Richard M Beteck
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Lesetja J Legoabe
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.
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21
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Çolak N, Karayel A, Buldurun K, Turan N. SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, THERMAL, X-RAY, AND DFT ANALYSES OF 6-TERT-BUTYL 3-ETHYL 2-[(3-METHOXY/5-BROMO)-2-HYDROXY
AND (3-NITRO/3-METHOXY)BENZYLIDENEAMINO]-
4,5-DIHYDROTHIENO[2,3-C]PYRIDINE-3,6(7H)-DICARBOXYLATE. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476621010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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22
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Wu J, Ma Z. Metal-hydride hydrogen atom transfer (MHAT) reactions in natural product synthesis. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01139a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Functionalization of olefins has been an important transformation in synthetic chemistry. This review will focus on the natural product synthesis employing the MHAT reaction as the key strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Wu
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road-381, Guangzhou 510641, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Ma
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road-381, Guangzhou 510641, People's Republic of China
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23
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Heravi MM, Momeni T, Zadsirjan V, Mohammadi L. Application of The Dess-Martin Oxidation in Total Synthesis of Natural Products. Curr Org Synth 2020; 18:125-196. [PMID: 32940184 DOI: 10.2174/1570179417666200917102634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dess-Martin periodinane (DMP), a commercially available chemical, is frequently utilized as a mild oxidative agent for the selective oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols to their corresponding aldehydes and ketones, respectively. DMP shows several merits over other common oxidative agents such as chromiumand DMSO-based oxidants; thus, it is habitually employed in the total synthesis of natural products. In this review, we try to underscore the applications of DMP as an effective oxidant in an appropriate step (steps) in the multi-step total synthesis of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid M Heravi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University, POBox 1993891176, Vanak, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tayebe Momeni
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University, POBox 1993891176, Vanak, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahideh Zadsirjan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University, POBox 1993891176, Vanak, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Mohammadi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University, POBox 1993891176, Vanak, Tehran, Iran
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24
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Ebisawa K, Izumi K, Ooka Y, Kato H, Kanazawa S, Komatsu S, Nishi E, Shigehisa H. Catalyst- and Silane-Controlled Enantioselective Hydrofunctionalization of Alkenes by Cobalt-Catalyzed Hydrogen Atom Transfer and Radical-Polar Crossover. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:13481-13490. [PMID: 32648757 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c05017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The catalytic enantioselective synthesis of tetrahydrofurans, which are found in the structures of many biologically active natural products, via a transition-metal-catalyzed hydrogen atom transfer (TM-HAT) and radical-polar crossover (RPC) mechanism is described herein. Hydroalkoxylation of nonconjugated alkenes proceeded efficiently with excellent enantioselectivity (up to 94% ee) using a suitable chiral cobalt catalyst, N-fluoro-2,4,6-collidinium tetrafluoroborate, and diethylsilane. Surprisingly, the absolute configuration of the product was highly dependent on the steric hindrance of the silane. Slow addition of the silane, the dioxygen effect on the solvent, thermal dependence, and DFT calculation results supported the unprecedented scenario of two competing selective mechanisms. For the less-hindered diethylsilane, a high concentration of diffused carbon-centered radicals invoked diastereoenrichment of an alkylcobalt(III) intermediate by a radical chain reaction, which eventually determined the absolute configuration of the product. On the other hand, a more hindered silane resulted in less opportunity for a radical chain reaction, instead facilitating enantioselective kinetic resolution during the late-stage nucleophilic displacement of the alkylcobalt(IV) intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kousuke Ebisawa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shinmachi Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan
| | - Kana Izumi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shinmachi Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan
| | - Yuka Ooka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shinmachi Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kato
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shinmachi Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan
| | - Sayori Kanazawa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shinmachi Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan
| | - Sayura Komatsu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shinmachi Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan
| | - Eriko Nishi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shinmachi Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shigehisa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shinmachi Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan
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25
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Harmange Magnani CS, Thach DQ, Haelsig KT, Maimone TJ. Syntheses of Complex Terpenes from Simple Polyprenyl Precursors. Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:949-961. [PMID: 32202757 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
From structure elucidation and biogenesis to synthetic methodology and total synthesis, terpene natural products have profoundly influenced the development of organic chemistry. Moreover, their myriad functional attributes range from fragrance to pharmaceuticals and have had great societal impact. Ruzicka's formulation of the "biogenetic isoprene rule," a Nobel Prize winning discovery now over 80 years old, allowed for identification of higher order terpene (aka "isoprenoid") structures from simple five-carbon isoprene fragments. Notably, the isoprene rule still holds pedagogical value to students of organic chemistry today. Our laboratory has completed syntheses of over two dozen terpene and meroterpene structures to date, and the isoprene rule has served as a key pattern recognition tool for our synthetic planning purposes. At the strategic level, great opportunity exists in finding unique and synthetically simplifying ways to connect the formal C5 isoprene fragments embedded in terpenes. Biomimetic cationic polyene cyclizations represent the earliest incarnation of this idea, which has facilitated expedient routes to certain terpene polycycle classes. Nonetheless, a large swath of terpene chemical space remains inaccessible using this approach.In this Account, we describe strategic insight into our endeavors in terpene synthesis published over the last five years. We show how biosynthetic understanding, combined with a desire to utilize abundant and inexpensive [C5]n building blocks, has led to efficient, abiotic syntheses of multiple complex terpenes with disparate ring systems. Informed by nature, but unconstrained by its processes, our synthetic assembly exploits chemical reactivity across diverse reaction types-including radical, anionic, pericyclic, and metal-mediated transformations.First, we detail an eight-step synthesis of the cembrane diterpene chatancin from dihydrofarnesal using a bioinspired-but not -mimetic-cycloaddition. Next, we describe the assembly of the antimalarial cardamom peroxide using a polyoxygenation cascade to fuse multiple units of molecular oxygen onto a dimeric skeleton. This three-to-four-step synthesis arises from (-)-myrtenal, an inexpensive pinene oxidation product. We then show how a radical cyclization cascade can forge the hallmark cyclooctane ring system of the complex sesterterpene 6-epi-ophiobolin N from two simple polyprenyl precursors, (-)-linalool and farnesol. To access the related, more complex metabolite 6-epi-ophiobolin A, we exploited the plasticity of our synthetic route and found that use of geraniol (C10) rather than farnesol (C15) gave us the flexibility needed to address the additional oxidation found in this congener. Following this work, we describe two strategies to access several guaianolide sesquiterpenes. Retrosynthetic disconnection to monoterpenes, carvone or (-)-linalool, coupled with a powerful allylation strategy allowed us to address guaianolides with disparate stereochemical motifs. Finally, we examine a semisynthetic approach to the illicium sesquiterpenes from the abundant 15-carbon feedstock terpene (+)-cedrol using an abiotic ring shift and multiple C-H oxidation reactions inspired by a postulated biosynthesis of this natural product class.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danny Q. Thach
- Department of Chemistry, University of California—Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Karl T. Haelsig
- Department of Chemistry, University of California—Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Thomas J. Maimone
- Department of Chemistry, University of California—Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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26
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Shao H, Gao X, Wang Z, Gao Z, Zhao Y. Divergent Biomimetic Total Syntheses of Ganocins A–C, Ganocochlearins C and D, and Cochlearol T. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202000677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry & School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi Normal University 620 West Chang'an Ave Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Xiaonan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry & School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi Normal University 620 West Chang'an Ave Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Zhong‐Tian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry & School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi Normal University 620 West Chang'an Ave Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Ziwei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry & School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi Normal University 620 West Chang'an Ave Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Yu‐Ming Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry & School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi Normal University 620 West Chang'an Ave Xi'an 710119 China
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27
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Shao H, Gao X, Wang Z, Gao Z, Zhao Y. Divergent Biomimetic Total Syntheses of Ganocins A–C, Ganocochlearins C and D, and Cochlearol T. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:7419-7424. [PMID: 32096300 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202000677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry & School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi Normal University 620 West Chang'an Ave Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Xiaonan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry & School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi Normal University 620 West Chang'an Ave Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Zhong‐Tian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry & School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi Normal University 620 West Chang'an Ave Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Ziwei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry & School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi Normal University 620 West Chang'an Ave Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Yu‐Ming Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry & School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi Normal University 620 West Chang'an Ave Xi'an 710119 China
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28
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Bao J, Tian H, Yang P, Deng J, Gui J. Modular Synthesis of Functionalized Butenolides by Oxidative Furan Fragmentation. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajing Bao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances; Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Hailong Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances; Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Peicheng Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances; Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Jiachen Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances; Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Jinghan Gui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances; Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
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29
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Kühlborn J, Groß J, Opatz T. Making natural products from renewable feedstocks: back to the roots? Nat Prod Rep 2020; 37:380-424. [DOI: 10.1039/c9np00040b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the utilization of biomass-derived building blocks in the total synthesis of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Kühlborn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Johannes Gutenberg University
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Jonathan Groß
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Johannes Gutenberg University
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Till Opatz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Johannes Gutenberg University
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
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30
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Huang Z, Ji X, Lumb JP. Total Synthesis of ( S, S)-Tetramethylmagnolamine via Aerobic Desymmetrization. Org Lett 2019; 21:9194-9197. [PMID: 31682131 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We describe a concise synthesis of the pseudodimeric tetrahydroisoqunoline alkaloid (S,S)-tetramethylmagnolamine by a catalytic aerobic desymmetrization of phenols. Desymmetrization reactions increase molecular complexity with high levels of efficiency, but those that do so by aerobic oxidation are uncommon. Our conditions employ molecular oxygen as an oxygen atom transfer agent and a formal acceptor of hydrogen, enabling two mechanistically distinct aromatic C-H oxygenation reactions with high degrees of selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Huang
- Department of Chemistry , McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke Street West , Montreal , QC H3A 0B8 , Canada
| | - Xiang Ji
- Department of Chemistry , McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke Street West , Montreal , QC H3A 0B8 , Canada
| | - Jean-Philip Lumb
- Department of Chemistry , McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke Street West , Montreal , QC H3A 0B8 , Canada
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31
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Hu X, Musacchio AJ, Shen X, Tao Y, Maimone TJ. Allylative Approaches to the Synthesis of Complex Guaianolide Sesquiterpenes from Apiaceae and Asteraceae. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:14904-14915. [PMID: 31448610 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b08001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
With hundreds of unique members isolated to date, guaianolide lactones represent a particularly prolific class of terpene natural products. Given their extensive documented therapeutic properties and fascinating chemical structures, these metabolites have captivated the synthetic chemistry community for many decades. As a result of divergent biosynthetic pathways, which produce a wide array of stereochemical and oxidative permutations, a unifying synthetic pathway to this broad family of natural products is challenging. Herein we document the evolution of a chiral-pool-based synthetic program aimed at accessing an assortment of guaianolides, particularly those from the plant family Apiaceae as well as Asteraceae, members of which possess distinct chemical substructures and necessitate deviating synthetic platforms. An initial route employing the linear monoterpene linalool generated a lower oxidation state guaianolide but was not compatible with the majority of family members. A double-allylation disconnection using a carvone-derived fragment was then developed to access first an Asteraceae-type guaianolide and then various Apiaceae congeners. Finally, using these findings in conjunction with a tandem polyoxygenation cascade, we developed a pathway to highly oxygenated nortrilobolide. A variety of interesting observations in metal-mediated aldehyde allylation and alkene polyoxygenation are reported and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Thomas J Maimone
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Berkeley , 826 Latimer Hall , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
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32
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Gur’eva YA, Slepukhin PA, Kuchin AV. Palladium (II) complexes based on bidentate chiral Schiff base and amine ligands derived from (−)-myrtenal: Synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity in Suzuki reaction. Inorganica Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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33
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34
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Godfrey NA, Schatz DJ, Pronin SV. Twelve-Step Asymmetric Synthesis of (-)-Nodulisporic Acid C. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:12770-12774. [PMID: 30261724 PMCID: PMC6791361 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b09965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A short, enantioselective synthesis of (-)-nodulisporic acid C is described. The route features two highly diastereoselective polycyclizations en route to the terpenoid core and the indenopyran fragment and a highly convergent assembly of a challenging indole moiety. Application of this chemistry allows for a 12-step synthesis of the target indoloterpenoid from commercially available material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A. Godfrey
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Devon J. Schatz
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Sergey V. Pronin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
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35
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Blümel M, Nagasawa S, Blackford K, Hare SR, Tantillo DJ, Sarpong R. Rearrangement of Hydroxylated Pinene Derivatives to Fenchone-Type Frameworks: Computational Evidence for Dynamically-Controlled Selectivity. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:9291-9298. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b05804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Blümel
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Shota Nagasawa
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Katherine Blackford
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Stephanie R. Hare
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Dean J. Tantillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Richmond Sarpong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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36
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Hu X, Lim P, Fairhurst RM, Maimone TJ. Synthesis and Study of the Antimalarial Cardamom Peroxide. Tetrahedron 2018; 74:3358-3369. [PMID: 30319159 PMCID: PMC6181145 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A full account of our previously disclosed synthesis of the monoterpene dimer cardamom peroxide is reported. Inspired by hypotheses regarding the potential biosynthetic origins of this natural product, several unproductive routes are also reported. The chemical reactivity of this structurally unique metabolite in the presence of iron(II) sources is also reported as is its antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum clinical isolates from several Cambodian provinces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xirui Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA)
| | - Pharath Lim
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD (USA)
- National Center for Parasitology, Entomology, and Malaria Control, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Rick M Fairhurst
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD (USA)
| | - Thomas J Maimone
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA)
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37
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Li Q, Zhao K, Peuronen A, Rissanen K, Enders D, Tang Y. Enantioselective Total Syntheses of (+)-Hippolachnin A, (+)-Gracilioether A, (−)-Gracilioether E, and (−)-Gracilioether F. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:1937-1944. [PMID: 29314833 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b12903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingong Li
- The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Comprehensive AIDS Research Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kun Zhao
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Anssi Peuronen
- Department
of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla, 40014 JYU Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Kari Rissanen
- Department
of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla, 40014 JYU Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Dieter Enders
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Yefeng Tang
- The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Comprehensive AIDS Research Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center for Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy
and Cancer Center, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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38
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Qi J, Zheng J, Cui S. Facile synthesis of carbo- and heterocycles via Fe(iii)-catalyzed alkene hydrofunctionalization. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo00817a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A facile synthesis of carbo- and heterocycles via Fe(iii)-catalyzed alkene hydrofunctionalization has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifeng Qi
- Institute of Drug Discovery and Design
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University
- China
| | - Jing Zheng
- School of Resources Environmental & Chemical Engineering
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330031
- China
| | - Sunliang Cui
- Institute of Drug Discovery and Design
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University
- China
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39
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Plesniak MP, Huang HM, Procter DJ. Radical cascade reactions triggered by single electron transfer. Nat Rev Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1038/s41570-017-0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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40
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Brill ZG, Condakes ML, Ting CP, Maimone TJ. Navigating the Chiral Pool in the Total Synthesis of Complex Terpene Natural Products. Chem Rev 2017; 117:11753-11795. [PMID: 28293944 PMCID: PMC5638449 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The pool of abundant chiral terpene building blocks (i.e., "chiral pool terpenes") has long served as a starting point for the chemical synthesis of complex natural products, including many terpenes themselves. As inexpensive and versatile starting materials, such compounds continue to influence modern synthetic chemistry. This review highlights 21st century terpene total syntheses which themselves use small, terpene-derived materials as building blocks. An outlook to the future of research in this area is highlighted as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary G. Brill
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Matthew L. Condakes
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Chi P. Ting
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Thomas J. Maimone
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
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41
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Zweig JE, Kim DE, Newhouse TR. Methods Utilizing First-Row Transition Metals in Natural Product Total Synthesis. Chem Rev 2017; 117:11680-11752. [PMID: 28525261 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
First-row transition-metal-mediated reactions constitute an important and growing area of research due to the low cost, low toxicity, and exceptional synthetic versatility of these metals. Currently, there is considerable effort to replace existing precious-metal-catalyzed reactions with first-row analogs. More importantly, there are a plethora of unique transformations mediated by first-row metals, which have no classical second- or third-row counterpart. Herein, the application of first-row metal-mediated methods to the total synthesis of natural products is discussed. This Review is intended to highlight strategic uses of these metals to realize efficient syntheses and highlight the future potential of these reagents and catalysts in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua E Zweig
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University , 275 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Daria E Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University , 275 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Timothy R Newhouse
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University , 275 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
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42
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Shen Y, Huang B, Zheng J, Lin C, Liu Y, Cui S. Csp-Csp 3 Bond Formation via Iron(III)-Promoted Hydroalkynylation of Unactivated Alkenes. Org Lett 2017; 19:1744-1747. [PMID: 28353346 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b00499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
An iron(III)-promoted hydroalkynylation of unactivated alkenes toward Csp-Csp3 bond formation has been developed. Various alkenes, including mono-, di-, and trisubstituted alkenes, could all smoothly convert to structural diversified alkynes in this chemoselective protocol. Additionally, the scalability was unraveled and the further divergent transformations of products were conducted to demonstrate the synthetic utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyong Shen
- Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Zheng
- Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chen Lin
- Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sunliang Cui
- Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
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43
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Abstract
This review defines symmetric molecules from a synthetic perspective and shows various strategies that take advantage of molecular symmetry to construct them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ju Bai
- Department of Chemistry
- Stanford University
- Stanford
- USA
| | - Xiqing Wang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou
- China
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44
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Abstract
Some recent examples of conceptually different bioinspired total syntheses of complex terpenoids are presented that highlight the numerous benefits of pursuing bioinspired strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric L. Hugelshofer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich
- 81377 Munich
- Germany
| | - Thomas Magauer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich
- 81377 Munich
- Germany
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45
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Yan M, Lo JC, Edwards JT, Baran PS. Radicals: Reactive Intermediates with Translational Potential. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:12692-12714. [PMID: 27631602 PMCID: PMC5054485 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b08856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 667] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This Perspective illustrates the defining characteristics of free radical chemistry, beginning with its rich and storied history. Studies from our laboratory are discussed along with recent developments emanating from others in this burgeoning area. The practicality and chemoselectivity of radical reactions enable rapid access to molecules of relevance to drug discovery, agrochemistry, material science, and other disciplines. Thus, these reactive intermediates possess inherent translational potential, as they can be widely used to expedite scientific endeavors for the betterment of humankind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yan
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Julian C. Lo
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Jacob T. Edwards
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Phil S. Baran
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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46
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Crossley SWM, Obradors C, Martinez RM, Shenvi RA. Mn-, Fe-, and Co-Catalyzed Radical Hydrofunctionalizations of Olefins. Chem Rev 2016; 116:8912-9000. [PMID: 27461578 PMCID: PMC5872827 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 608] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cofactor-mimetic aerobic oxidation has conceptually merged with catalysis of syngas reactions to form a wide range of Markovnikov-selective olefin radical hydrofunctionalizations. We cover the development of the field and review contributions to reaction invention, mechanism, and application to complex molecule synthesis. We also provide a mechanistic framework for understanding this compendium of radical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven W M Crossley
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Carla Obradors
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Ruben M Martinez
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Ryan A Shenvi
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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47
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Yaremenko IA, Vil’ VA, Demchuk DV, Terent’ev AO. Rearrangements of organic peroxides and related processes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2016; 12:1647-748. [PMID: 27559418 PMCID: PMC4979652 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This review is the first to collate and summarize main data on named and unnamed rearrangement reactions of peroxides. It should be noted, that in the chemistry of peroxides two types of processes are considered under the term rearrangements. These are conventional rearrangements occurring with the retention of the molecular weight and transformations of one of the peroxide moieties after O-O-bond cleavage. Detailed information about the Baeyer-Villiger, Criegee, Hock, Kornblum-DeLaMare, Dakin, Elbs, Schenck, Smith, Wieland, and Story reactions is given. Unnamed rearrangements of organic peroxides and related processes are also analyzed. The rearrangements and related processes of important natural and synthetic peroxides are discussed separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan A Yaremenko
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Vera A Vil’
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Demchuk
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Alexander O Terent’ev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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48
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Shigehisa H, Ano T, Honma H, Ebisawa K, Hiroya K. Co-Catalyzed Hydroarylation of Unactivated Olefins. Org Lett 2016; 18:3622-5. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b01662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Shigehisa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, 1-1-20, Shinmachi, Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan
| | - Takuya Ano
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, 1-1-20, Shinmachi, Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Honma
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, 1-1-20, Shinmachi, Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan
| | - Kousuke Ebisawa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, 1-1-20, Shinmachi, Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan
| | - Kou Hiroya
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, 1-1-20, Shinmachi, Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan
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49
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Zielińska-Błajet M, Rewucki P, Walenczak S. Sulfur-containing derivatives from (1R)-(−)-myrtenal designed as chiral ligands. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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50
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Shen Y, Qi J, Mao Z, Cui S. Fe-Catalyzed Hydroalkylation of Olefins with para-Quinone Methides. Org Lett 2016; 18:2722-5. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b01173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yangyong Shen
- Institute
of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jifeng Qi
- Institute
of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Zhenjun Mao
- Institute
of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Sunliang Cui
- Institute
of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
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