1
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Osei MK, Mirzaei S, Mirzaei MS, Valles A, Hernández Sánchez R. Reversible dioxygen uptake at [Cu 4] clusters. Chem Sci 2024; 15:5327-5332. [PMID: 38577358 PMCID: PMC10988628 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06390a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Dioxygen binding solely through non-covalent interactions is rare. In living systems, dioxygen transport takes place via iron or copper-containing biological cofactors. Specifically, a reversible covalent interaction is established when O2 binds to the mono or polynuclear metal center. However, O2 stabilization in the absence of covalent bond formation is challenging and rarely observed. Here, we demonstrate a unique example of reversible non-covalent binding of dioxygen within the cavity of a well-defined synthetic all-Cu(i) tetracopper cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasseh Kusi Osei
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University 6100 Main St. Houston Texas USA
| | - Saber Mirzaei
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University 6100 Main St. Houston Texas USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh 219 Parkman Ave. Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15260 USA
| | - M Saeed Mirzaei
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University 6100 Main St. Houston Texas USA
| | - Agustin Valles
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University 6100 Main St. Houston Texas USA
| | - Raúl Hernández Sánchez
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University 6100 Main St. Houston Texas USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh 219 Parkman Ave. Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15260 USA
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2
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Alayoglu P, Chang T, Lorenzo Ocampo MV, Murray LJ, Chen YS, Mankad NP. Metal Site-Specific Electrostatic Field Effects on a Tricopper(I) Cluster Probed by Resonant Diffraction Anomalous Fine Structure (DAFS). Inorg Chem 2023; 62:15267-15276. [PMID: 37651726 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Studies of multinuclear metal complexes are greatly enhanced by resonant diffraction measurements, which probe X-ray absorption profiles of crystallographically independent metal sites within a cluster. In particular, X-ray diffraction anomalous fine structure (DAFS) analysis provides data that can be interpreted akin to site-specific XANES, allowing for differences in metal K-edge resonances to be deconvoluted even for different metal sites within a homometallic system. Despite the prevalence of Cu-containing clusters in biology and energy science, DAFS has yet to be used to analyze multicopper complexes of any type until now. Here, we report an evaluation of trends using a series of strategically chosen Cu(I) and Cu(II) complexes to determine how energy dependencies of anomalous scattering factors are impacted by coordination geometry, ligand shell, cluster nuclearity, and oxidation state. This calibration data is used to analyze a formally tricopper(I) complex that was found by DAFS to be site-differentiated due to the unsymmetrical influence on different Cu sites of the electrostatic field from a proximal K+ cation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Alayoglu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor St., Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Tieyan Chang
- ChemMatCARS, The University of Chicago, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - M Victoria Lorenzo Ocampo
- Center for Catalysis and Florida Center for Heterocyclic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 United States
| | - Leslie J Murray
- Center for Catalysis and Florida Center for Heterocyclic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 United States
| | - Yu-Sheng Chen
- ChemMatCARS, The University of Chicago, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Neal P Mankad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor St., Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
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3
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Kumar Ray A, Paul A. Inept N 2 Activation of Tri-Nuclear Nickel Complex with Labile Sulfur Ligands Facilitates Selective N 2 H 4 Formation in Electrocatalytic Conversion of N 2. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301435. [PMID: 37267469 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Conversion of N2 to the energy vector N2 H4 under benign conditions is highly desirable. However, such N2 fixation processes are extremely rare. It has been recently reported that N2 to N2 H4 conversion can be achieved electrochemically by using a trinuclear [Ni3 (S2 C3 H6 )4 ]2- complex (named as [Ni3 S8 ]2- ). There are hardly any precedents of Nitrogen Reduction Reaction (NRR) by molecular catalysts having Ni and the highly unusual selectivity for N2 H4 over NH3 makes this electrochemical reduction unique. A systematic theoretical study employing calibrated Density Functional Theory to unearth the mechanisms of NRR (4e- /4H+ ) and Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (2e- /2H+ ) was conducted for the aforementioned trinuclear Ni complex. Our findings unravel a curious case of ligand lability working in tandem with metal centers in facilitating this unprecedented electrocatalytic activity. Furthermore, it is shown that the poor N-N bond activation property of Ni is responsible for this unusual selectivity. Additionally, the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER) mechanistic pathways have also been delineated in this report. The mechanistic intricacies thus unearthed in this study may assist in developing more efficient electrocatalysts for N2 H4 production through NRR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Kumar Ray
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A&2B, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Ankan Paul
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A&2B, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
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4
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Ma X, Li M, Lei M. Trinuclear Transition Metal Complexes in Catalytic Reactions. ACTA CHIMICA SINICA 2023. [DOI: 10.6023/a22100425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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5
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Osei MK, Mirzaei S, Bogetti X, Castro E, Rahman MA, Saxena S, Hernández Sánchez R. Synthesis of Square Planar Cu
4
Clusters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202209529. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manasseh Kusi Osei
- Department of Chemistry Rice University 6100 Main St. Houston TX 77005 USA
- Department of Chemistry University of Pittsburgh 219 Parkman Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA
| | - Saber Mirzaei
- Department of Chemistry University of Pittsburgh 219 Parkman Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA
| | - Xiaowei Bogetti
- Department of Chemistry University of Pittsburgh 219 Parkman Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA
| | - Edison Castro
- Department of Chemistry University of Pittsburgh 219 Parkman Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA
| | - Mohammad Azizur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry University of Pittsburgh 219 Parkman Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA
| | - Sunil Saxena
- Department of Chemistry University of Pittsburgh 219 Parkman Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA
| | - Raúl Hernández Sánchez
- Department of Chemistry Rice University 6100 Main St. Houston TX 77005 USA
- Department of Chemistry University of Pittsburgh 219 Parkman Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA
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6
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Chung AB, Rappoport D, Ziller JW, Cramer RE, Furche F, Evans WJ. Solid-State End-On to Side-On Isomerization of (N═N) 2- in {[(R 2N) 3Nd] 2N 2} 2- (R = SiMe 3) Connects In Situ Ln III(NR 2) 3/K and Isolated [Ln II(NR 2) 3] 1- Dinitrogen Reduction. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:17064-17074. [PMID: 36074041 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c06716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Examination of the reduction chemistry of Nd(NR2)3 (R = SiMe3) under N2 has provided connections between the in situ Ln(III)-based LnIII(NR2)3/K reductions of N2 that form side-on bound neutral (N=N)2- complexes, [(R2N)2(THF)Ln]2[μ-η2:η2-N2], and the Ln(II)-based [LnII(NR2)3]1- reductions by Sc, Gd, and Tb that form end-on bound (N=N)2- complexes, {[(R2N)3Ln]2[μ-η1:η1-N2]}2-, which are dianions. The reduction of Nd(NR2)3 by KC8 under dinitrogen in Et2O in the presence of 18-crown-6 (18-c-6) forms dark yellow solutions of [K2(18-c-6)3]{[(R2N)3Nd]2N2} at low temperatures that become green as they warm up to -35 °C in a glovebox freezer. Green crystals obtained from the solution turn yellow-brown when cooled below -100 °C, and the yellow-brown compound has an end-on Nd2(μ-η1:η1-N2) structure. The yellow-brown crystals isomerize in the solid state on the diffractometer upon warming, and at -25 °C, the crystals are green and have a side-on Nd2(μ-η2:η2-N2) structure. Collection of X-ray diffraction data at 10 °C intervals from -50 to -90 °C revealed that the isomerization occurs at temperatures below -100 °C. In the presence of tetrahydrofuran (THF), the dianionic {[(R2N)3Nd]2N2}2- system can lose an amide ligand to provide the monoanionic [(R2N)3NdIII(μ-η2:η2-N2)NdIII(NR2)2(THF)]1-, characterized by X-ray crystallography. These data suggest a connection between the in situ Ln(III)/K reductions and Ln(II) reductions that depends on solvent, temperature, the presence of a chelate, and the specific rare-earth metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda B Chung
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Dmitrij Rappoport
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Joseph W Ziller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Roger E Cramer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822-2275, United States
| | - Filipp Furche
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - William J Evans
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
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7
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Osei MK, Mirzaei S, Bogetti X, Castro E, Rahman MA, Saxena S, Hernandez Sanchez R. Synthesis of Square Planar Cu4 Clusters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202209529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manasseh Kusi Osei
- University of Pittsburgh Department of Chemistry 219 Parkman Ave 15260 Pittsburgh UNITED STATES
| | - Saber Mirzaei
- University of Pittsburgh Department of Chemistry 219 Parkman Avenue 15260 Pittsburgh UNITED STATES
| | - Xiaowei Bogetti
- University of Pittsburgh Department of Chemistry 219 Parkman Ave 15260 Pittsburgh UNITED STATES
| | - Edison Castro
- University of Pittsburgh Department of Chemistry 219 Parkman Ave 15260 Pittsburgh UNITED STATES
| | - Mohammad Azizur Rahman
- University of Pittsburgh Department of Chemistry 219 Parkman Ave 15260 Pittsburgh UNITED STATES
| | - Sunil Saxena
- University of Pittsburgh Department of Chemistry 219 Parkman Ave 15260 Pittsburgh UNITED STATES
| | - Raul Hernandez Sanchez
- Rice University Wiess School of Natural Sciences Chemistry 6100 Main St. 77005 Houston UNITED STATES
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8
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Bae DY, Lee G, Lee E. Fixation of Dinitrogen at an Asymmetric Binuclear Titanium Complex. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:12813-12822. [PMID: 34492761 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A new type of dititanium dinitrogen complex supported by a triphenolamine (TPA) ligand is reported. Analysis by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and Raman and NMR spectroscopy reveals different coordination geometries for the two titanium centers. Hence, coordination of TPA and a nitrogen ligand results in trigonal-bipyramidal geometry, while an octahedral titanium center is obtained upon additional coordination of an ethoxide generated upon C-O bond cleavage in a diethyl ether solvent molecule. The titanium complex successfully generates ammonia in the presence of an excess amount of PCy3HI and KC8 in 154% yield (per titanium atom). A titanium complex with a bulkier TPA does not form a dinitrogen complex, and mononuclear titanium dinitrogen complexes were not accessible, presumably because of the high tendency of early transition metals to form binuclear dinitrogen complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Young Bae
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Gunhee Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
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9
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Eaton MC, Catalano VJ, Shearer J, Murray LJ. Dinitrogen Insertion and Cleavage by a Metal-Metal Bonded Tricobalt(I) Cluster. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:5649-5653. [PMID: 33830763 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c01840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Reduction of a tricobalt(II) tri(bromide) cluster supported by a tris(β-diketiminate) cyclophane results in halide loss, ligand compression, and metal-metal bond formation to yield a 48-electron CoI3 cluster, Co3LEt/Me (2). Upon reaction of 2 with dinitrogen, all metal-metal bonds are broken, steric conflicts are relaxed, and dinitrogen is incorporated within the internal cavity to yield a formally (μ3-η1:η2:η1-dinitrogen)tricobalt(I) complex, 3. Broken symmetry DFT calculations (PBE0/def2-tzvp/D3) support an N-N bond order of 2.1 in the bound N2 with the calculated N-N stretching frequency (1743 cm-1) comparable to the experimental value (1752 cm-1). Reduction of 3 under Ar in the presence of Me3SiBr results in N2 scission with tris(trimethylsilyl)amine afforded in good yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary C Eaton
- Center for Catalysis and Florida Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Vincent J Catalano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, United States
| | - Jason Shearer
- Department of Chemistry, Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas 78212, United States
| | - Leslie J Murray
- Center for Catalysis and Florida Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
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10
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Wang Q, Brooks SH, Liu T, Tomson NC. Tuning metal-metal interactions for cooperative small molecule activation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:2839-2853. [PMID: 33624638 PMCID: PMC8274379 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc07721f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cluster complexes have attracted interest for decades due to their promise of drawing analogies to metallic surfaces and metalloenzyme active sites, but only recently have chemists started to develop ligand scaffolds that are specifically designed to support multinuclear transition metal cores. Such ligands not only hold multiple metal centers in close proximity but also allow for fine-tuning of their electronic structures and surrounding steric environments. This Feature Article highlights ligand designs that allow for cooperative small molecule activation at cluster complexes, with a particular focus on complexes that contain metal-metal bonds. Two useful ligand-design elements have emerged from this work: a degree of geometric flexibility, which allows for novel small molecule activation modes, and the use of redox-active ligands to provide electronic flexibility to the cluster core. The authors have incorporated these factors into a unique class of dinucleating macrocycles (nPDI2). Redox-active fragments in nPDI2 mimic the weak-overlap covalent bonding that is characteristic of M-M interactions, and aliphatic linkers in the ligand backbone provide geometric flexibility, allowing for interconversion between a range of geometries as the dinuclear core responds to the requirements of various small molecule substrates. The union of these design elements appears to be a powerful combination for analogizing critical aspects of heterogeneous and metalloenzyme catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuran Wang
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
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11
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Xie H, Finnegan TJ, Liyana Gunawardana VW, Pavlović RZ, Moore CE, Badjić JD. A Hexapodal Capsule for the Recognition of Anions. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:3874-3880. [PMID: 33656878 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c12329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Han Xie
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Tyler J. Finnegan
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Vageesha W. Liyana Gunawardana
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Radoslav Z. Pavlović
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Curtis E. Moore
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Jovica D. Badjić
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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12
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Kuriyama S, Nishibayashi Y. Development of catalytic nitrogen fixation using transition metal complexes not relevant to nitrogenases. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.131986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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13
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Kamaal S, Usman M, Afzal M, Alarifi A, Ali A, Das R, Lama P, Ahmad M. A new copper(II)-based layered coordination polymer: Crystal structure, topology, QTAIM analysis, experimental and theoretical magnetic properties based on DFT combined with broken-symmetry formalism (BS-DFT). Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2020.114881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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14
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Eaton MC, Knight BJ, Brahmi R, Ferreira RB, Catalano VJ, Rheingold AL, Ghiviriga I, Murray LJ. Synthetic Factors Governing Access to Tris(β-diketimine) Cyclophanes versus Tripodal Tri-β-aminoenones. J Org Chem 2020; 85:13579-13588. [PMID: 33107735 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tris(β-diketimine) cyclophanes are an important ligand class for investigating cooperative multimetallic interactions of bioinorganic clusters. Discussed herein are the synthetic factors governing access to tris(β-diketimine) cyclophanes versus tripodal tri-β-aminoenones. Cyclophanes bearing Me, Et, and MeO cap substituents and β-Me, Et, or Ph arm substituents are obtained, and a modified condensation method produced α-Me β-Me cyclophane. These operationally simple procedures produce the ligands in gram quantities and in 22-94% yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary C Eaton
- Center for Catalysis and Florida Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Brian J Knight
- Center for Catalysis and Florida Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Robin Brahmi
- Center for Catalysis and Florida Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Ricardo B Ferreira
- Center for Catalysis and Florida Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Vincent J Catalano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, United States
| | - Arnold L Rheingold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Ion Ghiviriga
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Leslie J Murray
- Center for Catalysis and Florida Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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15
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Casey KC, Appiah JK, Robinson JR. Low-Symmetry β-Diketimine Aryloxide Rare-Earth Complexes: Flexible, Reactive, and Selective. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:14827-14837. [PMID: 32986427 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis, characterization, and reactivity of a new low-symmetry β-diketimine featuring a pendant amino(methyl)phenol donor and its corresponding heteroleptic rare-earth (RE) complexes. This includes the first structurally characterized examples of alcoholysis and insertion from an isolated REIII amide in a β-diketimine framework. The flexible methylene linkage leads to REIII complexes with tunable dynamic solution behavior that defines their stoichiometric and catalytic reactivity. The addition of a strong neutral donor ligand, tricyclohexylphosphine oxide, suppresses a prevalent catalyst degradation pathway (base-promoted elimination) and dramatically enhances the catalyst performance in the stereospecific ring-opening polymerization of rac-β-butyrolactone. Our results further demonstrate the importance of ligand reorganization in the stoichiometric and catalytic activity of REIII ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry C Casey
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, 324 Brook Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Jude K Appiah
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, 324 Brook Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Jerome R Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, 324 Brook Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
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16
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Saha P, Amanullah S, Dey A. Electrocatalytic Reduction of Nitrogen to Hydrazine Using a Trinuclear Nickel Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:17312-17317. [PMID: 33006899 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c08785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Activation and reduction of N2 have been a major challenge to chemists and the focus since now has mostly been on the synthesis of NH3. Alternatively, reduction of N2 to hydrazine is desirable because hydrazine is an excellent energy vector that can release the stored energy very conveniently without the need for catalysts. To date, only one molecular catalyst has been reported to be able to reduce N2 to hydrazine chemically. A trinuclear T-shaped nickel thiolate molecular complex has been designed to activate dinitrogen. The electrochemically generated all Ni(I) state of this molecule can reduce N2 in the presence of PhOH as a proton donor. Hydrazine is detected as the only nitrogen-containing product of the reaction, along with gaseous H2. The complex reported here is selective for the 4e-/4H+ reduction of nitrogen to hydrazine with a minor overpotential of ∼300 mV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramita Saha
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Sk Amanullah
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Abhishek Dey
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, West Bengal, India
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17
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Shoshani MM, Agapie T. Ligand architecture for triangular metal complexes: a high oxidation state Ni 3 cluster with proximal metal arrangement. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:11279-11282. [PMID: 32832943 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc03816d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new multidentate tetraanionic ligand platform for supporting trinuclear transition metal clusters has been developed. Two trisphenoxide phosphinimide ligands bind three Ni centers in a triangular arrangement. The phosphinimide donors bridge in μ3 fashion and the phenoxides complete a pseudo-square planar coordination sphere around each metal center. Electrochemical studies reveal two pseudo-reversible oxidation events at notably low potentials (-0.80 V and +0.05 V). The one electron oxidized species was characterized structurally, and it is assigned as a NiIII-containing cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manar M Shoshani
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.
| | - Theodor Agapie
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.
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18
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Singh D, Buratto WR, Torres JF, Murray LJ. Activation of Dinitrogen by Polynuclear Metal Complexes. Chem Rev 2020; 120:5517-5581. [PMID: 32364373 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Activation of dinitrogen plays an important role in daily anthropogenic life, and the processes by which this fixation occurs have been a longstanding and significant research focus within the community. One of the major fields of dinitrogen activation research is the use of multimetallic compounds to reduce and/or activate N2 into a more useful nitrogen-atom source, such as ammonia. Here we report a comprehensive review of multimetallic-dinitrogen complexes and their utility toward N2 activation, beginning with the d-block metals from Group 4 to Group 11, then extending to Group 13 (which is exclusively populated by B complexes), and finally the rare-earth and actinide species. The review considers all polynuclear metal aggregates containing two or more metal centers in which dinitrogen is coordinated or activated (i.e., partial or complete cleavage of the N2 triple bond in the observed product). Our survey includes complexes in which mononuclear N2 complexes are used as building blocks to generate homo- or heteromultimetallic dinitrogen species, which allow one to evaluate the potential of heterometallic species for dinitrogen activation. We highlight some of the common trends throughout the periodic table, such as the differences between coordination modes as it relates to N2 activation and potential functionalization and the effect of polarizing the bridging N2 ligand by employing different metal ions of differing Lewis acidities. By providing this comprehensive treatment of polynuclear metal dinitrogen species, this Review aims to outline the past and provide potential future directions for continued research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devender Singh
- Center for Catalysis, and Florida Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - William R Buratto
- Center for Catalysis, and Florida Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Juan F Torres
- Center for Catalysis, and Florida Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Leslie J Murray
- Center for Catalysis, and Florida Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
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19
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Eaton MC, Knight BJ, Catalano VJ, Murray LJ. Evaluating Metal Ion Identity on Catalytic Silylation of Dinitrogen Using a Series of Trimetallic Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020; 2020:1519-1524. [PMID: 33071629 DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201901335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We report catalytic silylation of dinitrogen to tris(trimethylsilyl)amine by a series of trinuclear first row transition metal complexes (M = Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) housed in our tris(β-diketiminate) cyclophane (L 3- ). Yields are expectedly dependent on metal ion type ranging from 14 to 199 equiv NH4 +/complex after protonolysis for the Mn to Co congeners, respectively. For the series of complexes, the number of turnovers trend observed is Co > Fe > Cr > Ni > Mn, consistent with prior reports of greater efficacy of Co over Fe in other ligand systems for this reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary C Eaton
- Center for Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200 (USA)
| | - Brian J Knight
- Center for Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200 (USA)
| | | | - Leslie J Murray
- Center for Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200 (USA)
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20
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Liu T, Gau MR, Tomson NC. Mimicking the Constrained Geometry of a Nitrogen-Fixation Intermediate. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:8142-8146. [PMID: 32203663 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Both biological and industrial nitrogen reduction catalysts activate N2 at multinuclear binding sites with constrained Fe-Fe distances. This contrasts with molecular diiron systems, which routinely form linear N2 bridges to minimize steric interactions. Model compounds that capture the salient geometric features of N2 binding by the nitrogenase enzymes and Mittasch catalysts would contribute to understanding their high N2-reduction activity. It is shown in the present study that use of a geometrically flexible, dinucleating macrocycle allows for the formation of a bridging N2 ligand with an unusual Fe-CtN2-Fe angle of 150° (CtN2 = centroid of N2), a geometry that approximates the α-N2 binding mode on Fe(111) surfaces that precedes N2 bond cleavage. The cavity size of the macrocycle prevents the formation of a linear Fe-N2-Fe unit and leads to orbital interactions that are distinct from those available to the linear configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianchang Liu
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Michael R Gau
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Neil C Tomson
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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21
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Structural, Spectroscopic, and Chemical Bonding Analysis of Zn(II) Complex [Zn(sal)](H2O): Combined Experimental and Theoretical (NBO, QTAIM, and ELF) Investigation. CRYSTALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst10040259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Zn(II) complex of salen-like scaffold [Zn(sal)](H2O) was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV–Vis, and 1H-NMR spectroscopic techniques. The structure of complex was confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. In the complex, Zn (II) was placed in the inner N2O2 compartment of the salen scaffold in square planar geometry and crystallized in the monoclinic space group P21/n. DFT and TDDFT calculations were performed to reproduce the experimentally observed structural and spectroscopic (IR and UV–vis) findings. The bonding of the Zn(II) framework in the [Zn(sal)](H2O) complex was explored in depth. The theoretical approaches employed were perturbation theory within the context of the natural bond orbital (NBO) framework, and quantum theory of atoms in molecule (QTAIM) and electron localization function (ELF) analysis. The study begins by delineating the difference between the NBO and QTAIM approaches. This paper thus exhibits the supportive nature of NBO theory and QTAIM in discussion of the bonding in the [Zn(sal)](H2O) complex, when both the methodologies are used in combination.
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22
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Carsch KM, DiMucci IM, Iovan DA, Li A, Zheng SL, Titus CJ, Lee SJ, Irwin KD, Nordlund D, Lancaster KM, Betley TA. Synthesis of a copper-supported triplet nitrene complex pertinent to copper-catalyzed amination. Science 2020; 365:1138-1143. [PMID: 31515388 DOI: 10.1126/science.aax4423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Terminal copper-nitrenoid complexes have inspired interest in their fundamental bonding structures as well as their putative intermediacy in catalytic nitrene-transfer reactions. Here, we report that aryl azides react with a copper(I) dinitrogen complex bearing a sterically encumbered dipyrrin ligand to produce terminal copper nitrene complexes with near-linear, short copper-nitrenoid bonds [1.745(2) to 1.759(2) angstroms]. X-ray absorption spectroscopy and quantum chemistry calculations reveal a predominantly triplet nitrene adduct bound to copper(I), as opposed to copper(II) or copper(III) assignments, indicating the absence of a copper-nitrogen multiple-bond character. Employing electron-deficient aryl azides renders the copper nitrene species competent for alkane amination and alkene aziridination, lending further credence to the intermediacy of this species in proposed nitrene-transfer mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurtis M Carsch
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ida M DiMucci
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Diana A Iovan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alex Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Shao-Liang Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Charles J Titus
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sang Jun Lee
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Kent D Irwin
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Dennis Nordlund
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Kyle M Lancaster
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - Theodore A Betley
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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23
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Cha J, Kwon H, Song H, Lee E. Dinitrogen activation by a penta-pyridyl molybdenum complex. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:12945-12949. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02692a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A new dinitrogen (N2) molybdenum(0) complex supported exclusively by pyridine ligands was synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongmin Cha
- Department of Chemistry
- Pohang University of Science and Technology
- 37673 Pohang
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunchul Kwon
- Department of Chemistry
- Pohang University of Science and Technology
- 37673 Pohang
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hayoung Song
- Department of Chemistry
- Pohang University of Science and Technology
- 37673 Pohang
- Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsung Lee
- Department of Chemistry
- Pohang University of Science and Technology
- 37673 Pohang
- Republic of Korea
- Division of Advanced Materials Science
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24
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Cheng X, Li ZY, Mou LH, Ren Y, Liu QY, Ding XL, He SG. Side-on-End-on Coordination of Dinitrogen on a Polynuclear Vanadium Nitride Cluster Anion [V 5 N 5 ] . Chemistry 2019; 25:16523-16527. [PMID: 31637740 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The side-on-end-on coordination of N2 can be very important to activate and functionalize this very stable molecule. However, such coordination has rarely been reported. This study reports a gas-phase species (a polynuclear vanadium nitride cluster anion [V5 N5 ]- ) that can capture N2 efficiently (12 %), and the quantum chemistry modelling suggests an unusual side-on-end-on coordination. The cluster anions were generated by laser ablation and the reaction with N2 has been characterized by mass spectrometry, photoelectron imaging spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations. The back-donation interactions between the localized d-d bonding orbitals on the low-coordinated dual metal (V) sites and the antibonding π* orbitals of N2 are the driving forces to adsorb N2 with a high binding energy (about 2.0 eV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (P. R. China), Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research, Education Centre of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,School of Mathematics and Physics, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (P. R. China), Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research, Education Centre of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Li-Hui Mou
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (P. R. China), Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research, Education Centre of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yi Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (P. R. China), Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research, Education Centre of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (P. R. China), Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research, Education Centre of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xun-Lei Ding
- School of Mathematics and Physics, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Gui He
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (P. R. China), Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research, Education Centre of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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25
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Zhang S, Wang Q, Thierer LM, Weberg AB, Gau MR, Carroll PJ, Tomson NC. Tuning Metal-Metal Interactions through Reversible Ligand Folding in a Series of Dinuclear Iron Complexes. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:12234-12244. [PMID: 31448589 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A dinucleating macrocyclic ligand with two redox-active, pyridyldiimine components was shown to undergo reversible ligand folding to accommodate various substitution patterns, metal ion spin states, and degrees of Fe-Fe bonding within the cluster. An unfolded-ligand geometry with a rectangular Fe2(μ-Cl)2 core and an Fe-Fe distance of 3.3262(5) Å served as a direct precursor to two different folded-ligand complexes. Chemical reduction in the presence of PPh3 resulted in a diamagnetic, folded ligand complex with an Fe-Fe bonding interaction (dFe-Fe = 2.7096(17) Å) between two intermediate spin (SFe = 1) Fe(II) centers. Ligand folding was also induced through anion exchange on the unfolded-ligand species, producing a complex with three PhS- ligands and a temperature-dependent Fe-Fe distance. In this latter example, the weak ligand field of the thiolate ligands led to a product with weakly coupled, high-spin Fe(II) ions (SFe = 2; J = -50.1 cm-1) that form a bonding interaction in the ground state and a nonbonding interaction in the excited state(s), as determined by SQUID magnetometry and variable temperature crystallography. Finally, both folded-ligand complexes were shown to reform an unfolded-ligand geometry through convergent syntheses of a complex with an Fe-Fe bonded Fe2(μ-SPh)2 core (dFe-Fe = 2.7320(11) Å). Experimentally validated DFT calculations were used to investigate the electronic structures of all species as a way to understand the origin of Fe-Fe bonding interactions, the extent of ligand reduction, and the nature of the spin systems that result from multiple, weakly interacting spin centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoguang Zhang
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Qiuran Wang
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Laura M Thierer
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Alexander B Weberg
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Michael R Gau
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Patrick J Carroll
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Neil C Tomson
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
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26
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Dunn PL, Chatterjee S, MacMillan SN, Pearce AJ, Lancaster KM, Tonks IA. The 4-Electron Cleavage of a N═N Double Bond by a Trimetallic TiNi2 Complex. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:11762-11772. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter L. Dunn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota—Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Sudipta Chatterjee
- Baker Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Samantha N. MacMillan
- Baker Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Adam J. Pearce
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota—Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Kyle M. Lancaster
- Baker Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Ian A. Tonks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota—Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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27
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Hong DH, Knight BJ, Catalano VJ, Murray LJ. Isolation of chloride- and hydride-bridged tri-iron and -zinc clusters in a tris(β-oxo-δ-diimine) cyclophane ligand. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:9570-9575. [PMID: 31012886 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt00799g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A cyclophane ligand (H6L) bearing three β-oxo-δ-diimine arms and the corresponding tri-iron and -zinc complexes in which the metal ions are bridged by either chlorides, viz. Fe3Cl3(H3L) (1) and Zn3Cl3(H3L) (2), or hydrides, viz. Fe3H3(H3L) (3), Zn3H3(H3L) (4), were synthesized and characterized. 1 adopts a chair-shaped C3v-symmetric [Fe3(μ-Cl)3]3+ cluster wherein only one hemisphere of the ligand is metallated and the other three ketoimine sites remain protonated as evidenced by single crystal X-ray diffraction and vibrational and NMR spectroscopic analyses. 3 and 4 were synthesized by substitution of the bridging chlorides in 1 and 2 using KBEt3H and are accessed with retention of the three protonated ketoimine sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Ho Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200, USA.
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28
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Bhutto SM, Holland PL. Dinitrogen Activation and Functionalization using β-Diketiminate Iron Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019; 2019:1861-1869. [PMID: 31213945 DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Iron catalysts are adept at breaking the N-N bond of N2, as exemplified by the iron-catalyzed Haber-Bosch process and the iron-containing clusters at the active sites of nitrogenase enzymes. This Minireview summarizes recent work that has identified a well-characterized set of multi-iron complexes that are capable of breaking and functionalizing N2, and are amenable to detailed mechanistic studies. We discuss the redox balancing, the potential intermediates during N2 activation, the variation of alkali metal reductant, the reversibility of N2 cleavage, and the formation of N-H and N-C bonds from N2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel M Bhutto
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect St, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Patrick L Holland
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect St, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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29
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Yin J, Li J, Wang GX, Yin ZB, Zhang WX, Xi Z. Dinitrogen Functionalization Affording Chromium Hydrazido Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:4241-4247. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b00822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianhao Yin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular
Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jiapeng Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular
Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Gao-Xiang Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular
Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhu-Bao Yin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular
Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular
Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhenfeng Xi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular
Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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30
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Abstract
Multimetallic cofactors supported by weak-field donors frequently function as reaction centers in metalloproteins, and many of these cofactors catalyze small molecule activation (e.g., N2, O2, CO2) with prominent roles in geochemical element cycles or detoxification. Notable examples include the iron-molybdenum cofactor of the molybdenum-dependent nitrogenases, which catalyze N2 fixation, and the NiFe4S4 cluster and the Mo(O)SCu site in various carbon monoxide dehydrogenases. The prevailing proposed reaction mechanisms for these multimetallic cofactors relies on a cooperative pathway, in which the oxidation state changes are distributed over the aggregate coupled with orbital overlap between the substrate and more than one metal ion within the cluster. Such cooperativity has also been proposed for chemical transformations at the surfaces of heterogeneous catalysts. However, the design details that afford cooperative effects and allow such reactivity to be harnessed effectively in homogeneous synthetic systems remain unclear. Relatedly, hydride donors ligated to these metal cluster cofactors are suggested as precursors to the state that reacts with substrates; here too, however, the reactivity of hydride-decorated clusters supported by weak-field ligands is underexplored. Inspired by the reactivity potential of multimetallic assemblies evidenced in biological systems, approaches to design, synthesize, and evaluate reactivity of polynuclear metal compounds have been actively explored. In a similar vein to the templating function afforded by enzyme active sites, a carefully engineered organic ligand can be employed to control metal nuclearity of the complex and the local coordination environment of each metal center. This Account presents our efforts within this field, beginning with ligand design considerations followed by a survey of observed small molecule activation by trimetallic cyclophanates. We highlight the distinct reactivity outcomes accessed by multimetallic compounds as compared to aggregates that assemble in reaction mixtures from monometallic precursors. Contributing to the opportunity for programmed cooperativity in these designed multimetallic compounds, the cyclophane also dictates the orientation of substrate binding and metal-substrate interactions, which has a prominent influence on reactivity. For example, the dinitrogen-tricopper(I) cyclophanate reacts with dioxygen with markedly different results as compared to monocopper compounds. As an unexpected outcome, one series of tricopper compounds were discovered to be competent catalysts for carbon dioxide reduction to oxalate-a formally one-electron process-hinting at an inherently broader reaction scope for weak-field clusters at lowering the barrier for one-electron pathways as well as multielectron redox transformations. Further reflecting the role of the ligand in tuning reactivity, the trimetallic trihydride cluster compounds, [M3(μ-H)3]3+ (M = FeII, CoII, ZnII), demonstrate substrate specificity for CO2 over various other unsaturated molecules and surprising stability toward water. This series reflects the role of the local environment of a shallow ligand pocket to control substrate access. Summed together, the systems described here evidence the anticipated cooperative reactivity accessed in designed multimetallic species vs self-assembled monometallic systems (e.g., O2 activation and O atom transfer) as well as control of substrate access by seemingly subtle structural effects. Indeed, future efforts aim to interrogate the limits of cooperativity in these systems as well as the role of ligand dynamics and sterics on reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo B. Ferreira
- Center for Catalysis and Florida Center for Heterocyclic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Leslie J. Murray
- Center for Catalysis and Florida Center for Heterocyclic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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31
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Affiliation(s)
- Ionel Haiduc
- Facultatea de Chimie, Universitatea Babeş-Bolyai, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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32
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Sánchez RH, Betley TA. Thermally Persistent High-Spin Ground States in Octahedral Iron Clusters. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:16792-16806. [PMID: 30403845 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b10181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chemical oxidation and reduction of the all-ferrous (HL)2Fe6 in THF affords isostructural, coordinatively unsaturated clusters of the type [(HL)2Fe6] n: [(HL)2Fe6][BArF24] (1, n = +1; where [BArF24]- = tetrakis[(3,5-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate), [Bu4N][(HL)2Fe6] (2a, n = -1), [P][(HL)2Fe6] (2b, n = -1; where [P]+ = tributyl(1,3-dioxolan-2-ylmethyl)phosphonium), and [Bu4N]2[(HL)2Fe6] (3, n = -2). Each member of the redox-transfer series was characterized by zero-field 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy, near-infrared spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray crystallography, and magnetometry. Redox-directed trends are observed when comparing the structural metrics within the [Fe6] core. The metal octahedron [Fe6] decreases marginally in volume as the molecular reduction state increases as gauged by the Fe-Feavg distance varying from 2.608(11) Å ( n = +1) to 2.573(3) ( n = -2). In contrast, the mean Fe-N distances and ∠Fe-N-Fe angles correlate linearly with the [Fe6] oxidation level, or alternatively, the changes observed within the local Fe-N4 coordination planes vary linearly with the aggregate spin ground state. In general, as the spin ground state ( S) increases, the Fe-N(H)avg distances also increase. The structural metric perturbations within the [Fe6] core and measured spin ground states were rationalized extending the previously proposed molecular orbital diagram derived for (HL)2Fe6. Chemical reduction of the (HL)2Fe6 cluster results in an abrupt increase in spin ground state from S = 6 for the all-ferrous cluster, to S = 19/2 in the monoanionic 2b and S = 11 for the dianionic 3. The observation of asymmetric intervalence charge transfer bands in 3 provides further evidence of the fully delocalized ground state observed by 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy for all species examined (1-3). For each of the clusters examined within the electron-transfer series, the observed spin ground states thermally persist to 300 K. In particular, the S = 11 in dianionic 3 and S = 19/2 in the monoanionic 2b represent the highest spin ground states isolated up to room temperature known to date. The increase in spin ground state results from population of the antibonding orbital band comprised of the Fe-N σ* interactions. As such, the thermally persistent ground states arise from population of the resultant single spin manifolds in accordance with Hund's rules. The large spin ground states, indicative of strong ferromagnetic electronic alignment of the valence electrons, result from strong direct exchange electronic coupling mediated by Fe-Fe orbital overlap within the [Fe6] cores, equivalent to a strong double exchange magnetic coupling B for 3 that was calculated to be 309 cm-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Hernández Sánchez
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Harvard University , 12 Oxford Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
| | - Theodore A Betley
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Harvard University , 12 Oxford Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
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McSkimming A, Suess DLM. Selective Synthesis of Site-Differentiated Fe 4S 4 and Fe 6S 6 Clusters. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:14904-14912. [PMID: 30418746 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Obtaining rational control over the structure and nuclearity of metalloclusters is an ongoing challenge in synthetic Fe-S cluster chemistry. We report a new family of tridentate imidazolin-2-imine ligands L(NImR)3 that can bind [Fe4S4]2+ or [Fe6S6]3+ clusters, depending on the steric profile of the ligand and the reaction stoichiometry. A high-yielding synthetic route to L(NImR)3 ligands (where R is the imidazolyl N substituents) from trianiline and 2-chloroimidazolium precursors is described. For L(NImMe)3 (tris(1,3,5-(3-( N, N-dimethyl-4,5-diphenylimidazolin-2-imino)phenylmethyl))benzene), metalation with 1 equiv of [Ph4P]2[Fe4S4Cl4] and 3 equiv of NaBPh4 furnishes a mixture of products, but adjusting the stoichiometry to 1.5 equiv of [Ph4P]2[Fe4S4Cl4] provides (L(NImMe)3)Fe6S6Cl6 in high yield. Formation of an [Fe6S6]3+ cluster using L(NImTol)3 (tris(1,3,5-(3-( N, N-bis(4-methylphenyl)-4,5-diphenylimidazolin-2-imino)phenylmethyl))benzene) is not observed; instead, the [Fe4S4]2+ cluster [(L(NImTol)3)(Fe4S4Cl)][BPh4] is cleanly generated when 1 equiv of [Ph4P]2[Fe4S4Cl4] is employed. The selectivity for cluster nuclearity is rationalized by the orientation of the imidazolyl rings whereby long N-imidazolyl substituents preclude formation of [Fe6S6]3+ clusters but not [Fe4S4]2+ clusters. Thus, the structure and nuclearity of L(NImR)3-bound Fe-S clusters may be selectively controlled through rational modification the ligand's substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex McSkimming
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Daniel L M Suess
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
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Cook BJ, Di Francesco GN, Ferreira RB, Lukens JT, Silberstein KE, Keegan BC, Catalano VJ, Lancaster KM, Shearer J, Murray LJ. Chalcogen Impact on Covalency within Molecular [Cu 3(μ 3-E)] 3+ Clusters (E = O, S, Se): A Synthetic, Spectroscopic, and Computational Study. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:11382-11392. [PMID: 30160943 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of the tricopper(I)-dinitrogen tris(β-diketiminate) cyclophane, Cu3(N2)L, with O-atom-transfer reagents or elemental Se affords the oxido-bridged tricopper complex Cu3(μ3-O)L (2) or the corresponding Cu3(μ3-Se)L (4), respectively. For 2 and 4, incorporation of the bridging chalcogen donor was supported by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) data. Cu L2,3-edge X-ray absorption data quantify 49.5% Cu 3d character in the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of 2, with Cu 3d participation decreasing to 33.0% in 4 and 40.8% in the related sulfide cluster Cu3(μ3-S)L (3). Multiedge XAS and UV/visible/near-IR spectra are employed to benchmark density functional theory calculations, which describe the copper-chalcogen interactions as highly covalent across the series of [Cu3(μ-E)]3+ clusters. This result highlights that the metal-ligand covalency is not reserved for more formally oxidized metal centers (i.e., CuIII + O2- vs CuII + O-) but rather is a significant contributor even at more typical ligand-field cases (i.e., Cu3II/II/I + E2-). This bonding is reminiscent of that observed in p-block elements rather than in early-transition-metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Cook
- Center for Catalysis and Florida Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32611-7200 , United States
| | - Gianna N Di Francesco
- Center for Catalysis and Florida Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32611-7200 , United States
| | - Ricardo B Ferreira
- Center for Catalysis and Florida Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32611-7200 , United States
| | - James T Lukens
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - Katharine E Silberstein
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - Brenna C Keegan
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nevada, Reno , Reno , Nevada 89557 , United States
| | - Vincent J Catalano
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nevada, Reno , Reno , Nevada 89557 , United States
| | - Kyle M Lancaster
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - Jason Shearer
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nevada, Reno , Reno , Nevada 89557 , United States
| | - Leslie J Murray
- Center for Catalysis and Florida Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32611-7200 , United States
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Cook BJ, Di Francesco GN, Kieber-Emmons MT, Murray LJ. A Tricopper(I) Complex Competent for O Atom Transfer, C–H Bond Activation, and Multiple O2 Activation Steps. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:11361-11368. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian J. Cook
- Center for Catalysis and Florida Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Gianna N. Di Francesco
- Center for Catalysis and Florida Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | | | - Leslie J. Murray
- Center for Catalysis and Florida Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
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Shoshani MM, Liu J, Johnson SA. Mechanistic Insight into H/D Exchange by a Pentanuclear Ni–H Cluster and Synthesis and Characterization of Structural Analogues of Potential Intermediates. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manar M. Shoshani
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Sunset Avenue 401, Windsor, ON, N9B
3P4, Canada
| | - Junyang Liu
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Sunset Avenue 401, Windsor, ON, N9B
3P4, Canada
| | - Samuel A. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Sunset Avenue 401, Windsor, ON, N9B
3P4, Canada
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Shoshani MM, Beck R, Wang X, McLaughlin MJ, Johnson SA. Synthesis of Surface-Analogue Square-Planar Tetranuclear Nickel Hydride Clusters and Bonding to μ4-NR, -O and -BH Ligands. Inorg Chem 2017; 57:2438-2446. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manar M. Shoshani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Sunset Avenue 401, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Robert Beck
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Sunset Avenue 401, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Matthew J. McLaughlin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Sunset Avenue 401, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Samuel A. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Sunset Avenue 401, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
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Anderton KJ, Ermert DM, Quintero PA, Turvey MW, Fataftah MS, Abboud KA, Meisel MW, Čižmár E, Murray LJ. Correlating Bridging Ligand with Properties of Ligand-Templated [Mn II3X 3] 3+ Clusters (X = Br -, Cl -, H -, MeO -). Inorg Chem 2017; 56:12012-12022. [PMID: 28920698 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Polynuclear manganese compounds have garnered interest as mimics and models of the water oxidizing complex (WOC) in photosystem II and as single molecule magnets. Molecular systems in which composition can be correlated to physical phenomena, such as magnetic exchange interactions, remain few primarily because of synthetic limitations. Here, we report the synthesis of a family of trimanganese(II) complexes of the type Mn3X3L (X = Cl-, H-, and MeO-) where L3- is a tris(β-diketiminate) cyclophane. The tri(chloride) complex (2) is structurally similar to the reported tri(bromide) complex (1) with the Mn3X3 core having a ladder-like arrangement of alternating M-X rungs, whereas the tri(μ-hydride) (3) and tri(μ-methoxide) (4) complexes contain planar hexagonal cores. The hydride and methoxide complexes are synthesized in good yield (48% and 56%) starting with the bromide complex employing a metathesis-like strategy. Compounds 2-4 were characterized by combustion analysis, X-ray crystallography, X-band EPR spectroscopy, SQUID magnetometry, and infrared and UV-visible spectroscopy. Magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate that the Mn3 clusters in 2-4 are antiferromagnetically coupled, and the spin ground state of the compounds (S = 3/2 (1, 2) or S = 1/2 (3, 4)) is correlated to the identity of the bridging ligand and structural arrangement of the Mn3X3 core (X = Br, Cl, H, OCH3). Electrochemical experiments on isobutyronitrile solutions of 3 and 4 display broad irreversible oxidations centered at 0.30 V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Anderton
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis and Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - David M Ermert
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis and Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Pedro A Quintero
- Department of Physics and the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Mackenzie W Turvey
- Department of Physics and the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Majed S Fataftah
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Khalil A Abboud
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis and Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Mark W Meisel
- Department of Physics and the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Erik Čižmár
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University , 04154 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Leslie J Murray
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis and Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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Shoshani MM, Johnson SA. Cooperative carbon-atom abstraction from alkenes in the core of a pentanuclear nickel cluster. Nat Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Keener M, Peterson M, Hernández Sánchez R, Oswald VF, Wu G, Ménard G. Towards Catalytic Ammonia Oxidation to Dinitrogen: A Synthetic Cycle by Using a Simple Manganese Complex. Chemistry 2017; 23:11479-11484. [PMID: 28688116 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Oxidation of the nucleophilic nitride, (salen)Mn≡N (1) with stoichiometric [Ar3 N][X] initiated a nitride coupling reaction to N2 , a major step toward catalytic ammonia oxidation (salen=N,N'-bis(salicylidene)-ethylenediamine dianion; Ar=p-bromophenyl; X=[SbCl6 ]- or [B(C6 F5 )4 ]- ). N2 production was confirmed by mass spectral analysis of the isotopomer, 1-15 N, and the gas quantified. The metal products of oxidation were the reduced MnIII dimers, [(salen)MnCl]2 (2) or [(salen)Mn(OEt2 )]2 [B(C6 F5 )4 ]2 (3) for X=[SbCl6 ]- or [B(C6 F5 )4 ]- , respectively. The mechanism of nitride coupling was probed to distinguish a nitridyl from a nucleophilic/electrophilic coupling sequence. During these studies, a rare mixed-valent MnV /MnIII bridging nitride, [(salen)MnV (μ-N)MnIII (salen)][B(C6 F5 )4 ] (4), was isolated, and its oxidation-state assignment was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies, perpendicular and parallel-mode EPR and UV/Vis/NIR spectroscopies, as well as superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometry. We found that 4 could subsequently be oxidized to 3. Furthermore, in view of generating a catalytic system, 2 can be re-oxidized to 1 in the presence of NH3 and NaOCl closing a pseudo-catalytic "synthetic" cycle. Together, the reduction of 1→2 followed by oxidation of 2→1 yield a genuine synthetic cycle for NH3 oxidation, paving the way to the development of a fully catalytic system by using abundant metal catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Keener
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, 93106, USA
| | - Madeline Peterson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, 93106, USA
| | | | - Victoria F Oswald
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1102 Natural Science II, Irvine, California, 92697, USA
| | - Guang Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, 93106, USA
| | - Gabriel Ménard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, 93106, USA
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Beattie JW, SantaLucia DJ, White DS, Groysman S. Oxalate-templated synthesis of di-zinc macrocycles. Inorganica Chim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2016.02.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Quist DA, Diaz DE, Liu JJ, Karlin KD. Activation of dioxygen by copper metalloproteins and insights from model complexes. J Biol Inorg Chem 2017; 22:253-288. [PMID: 27921179 PMCID: PMC5600896 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-016-1415-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nature uses dioxygen as a key oxidant in the transformation of biomolecules. Among the enzymes that are utilized for these reactions are copper-containing metalloenzymes, which are responsible for important biological functions such as the regulation of neurotransmitters, dioxygen transport, and cellular respiration. Enzymatic and model system studies work in tandem in order to gain an understanding of the fundamental reductive activation of dioxygen by copper complexes. This review covers the most recent advancements in the structures, spectroscopy, and reaction mechanisms for dioxygen-activating copper proteins and relevant synthetic models thereof. An emphasis has also been placed on cofactor biogenesis, a fundamentally important process whereby biomolecules are post-translationally modified by the pro-enzyme active site to generate cofactors which are essential for the catalytic enzymatic reaction. Significant questions remaining in copper-ion-mediated O2-activation in copper proteins are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Quist
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Daniel E Diaz
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Kenneth D Karlin
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.
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Phanopoulos A, Leung AHM, Yow S, Palomas D, White AJP, Hellgardt K, Horton A, Crimmin MR. Binuclear β-diketiminate complexes of copper(i). Dalton Trans 2017; 46:2081-2090. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt04246e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of a series of dinucleating bis(β-diketiminate) pro-ligands with mesitylcopper in the presence and absence of mono and diphosphines has allowed the isolation of a new series of dicopper(i) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shuhui Yow
- Department of Chemistry
- Imperial College London
- London
- UK
| | - David Palomas
- Department of Chemistry
- Imperial College London
- London
- UK
| | | | - Klaus Hellgardt
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Imperial College London
- London
- UK
| | - Andrew Horton
- PTI/DX Emerging Technologies
- Shell Global Solutions International B.V
- 1030 BN Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
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Ermert DM, Gordon JB, Abboud KA, Murray LJ. Synthesis of Trinuclear Tin(II), Germanium(II), and Aluminum(III) Cyclophane Complexes. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David M. Ermert
- Center
for Catalysis, Department
of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Jesse B. Gordon
- Center
for Catalysis, Department
of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Khalil A. Abboud
- Center
for Catalysis, Department
of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Leslie J. Murray
- Center
for Catalysis, Department
of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
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Zhang S, Fallah H, Gardner EJ, Kundu S, Bertke JA, Cundari TR, Warren TH. A Dinitrogen Dicopper(I) Complex via a Mixed‐Valence Dicopper Hydride. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:9927-31. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201603970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry Georgetown University Box 571227 Washington DC 20057-1227 USA
| | - Hengameh Fallah
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling (CASCaM) University of North Texas Denton TX 76203 USA
| | - Evan J. Gardner
- Department of Chemistry Georgetown University Box 571227 Washington DC 20057-1227 USA
| | - Subrata Kundu
- Department of Chemistry Georgetown University Box 571227 Washington DC 20057-1227 USA
| | - Jeffery A. Bertke
- Department of Chemistry Georgetown University Box 571227 Washington DC 20057-1227 USA
| | - Thomas R. Cundari
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling (CASCaM) University of North Texas Denton TX 76203 USA
| | - Timothy H. Warren
- Department of Chemistry Georgetown University Box 571227 Washington DC 20057-1227 USA
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Zhang S, Fallah H, Gardner EJ, Kundu S, Bertke JA, Cundari TR, Warren TH. A Dinitrogen Dicopper(I) Complex via a Mixed‐Valence Dicopper Hydride. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201603970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry Georgetown University Box 571227 Washington DC 20057-1227 USA
| | - Hengameh Fallah
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling (CASCaM) University of North Texas Denton TX 76203 USA
| | - Evan J. Gardner
- Department of Chemistry Georgetown University Box 571227 Washington DC 20057-1227 USA
| | - Subrata Kundu
- Department of Chemistry Georgetown University Box 571227 Washington DC 20057-1227 USA
| | - Jeffery A. Bertke
- Department of Chemistry Georgetown University Box 571227 Washington DC 20057-1227 USA
| | - Thomas R. Cundari
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling (CASCaM) University of North Texas Denton TX 76203 USA
| | - Timothy H. Warren
- Department of Chemistry Georgetown University Box 571227 Washington DC 20057-1227 USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Fryzuk
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia , Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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