1
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Shee U, Sinha D, Mondal S, Rajak KK. Electrochemical water oxidation reaction by dinuclear Re(V) oxo complexes with a 1,4-benzoquinone core via the redox induced electron transfer (RIET) process. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:8254-8263. [PMID: 38656393 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00057a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
We report two dinuclear rhenium(V) oxo complexes 1 and 2 types, [ReV(O)(Cl)3(L2-)ReV(O)(Cl)3][NBu4]2 (1, L2- = dianionic 2,5-dihydroxy 1,4-benzoquinone (DBQ2-)) and (2, L2- = dianionic chloranilic acid (CA2-) ligands), as a homogeneous electrocatalyst for water oxidation reactions in the acetonitrile-water mixture. The evolution of dioxygen gas at the anode was confirmed by a GC-TCD study. In controlled potential electrolysis (CPE), oxidation at 1.30 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) at neutral pH, 1 and 2 afforded 1+ [ReVI(O)(Cl)3(DBQ˙3-)ReVI(O)(Cl)3]- and 2+ [ReVI(O)(Cl)3(CA˙3-)ReVI(O)(Cl)3]- ions, respectively, via the redox induced electron transfer (RIET) process. Electrochemically generated species of 1+ and 2+ could be isolated in dry acetonitrile. 1+ and 2+ ions give strong EPR signals in fluid solution as well as under frozen glass conditions due to the [ReVI(O)(Cl)3(L˙3-)ReVI(O)(Cl)3]- ↔ [ReVI(O)(Cl)3(L2-)ReV(O)(Cl)3]- (where L2- = DBQ2- and CA2-) equilibrium. However, the continuation of the CPE study (1.30 V vs. Ag/AgCl) in the presence of acetonitrile-water mixture oxidised the in situ generated species of 1+ and 2+ to higher valent ReVIO species. These species (1+ and 2+) bound water through the water nucleophilic attack (WNA) to produce peroxide intermediate species of [ReV(OOH)(Cl)3(DBQ2-)ReV(OOH)(Cl)3] (A1) and [ReV(OOH)(Cl)3(CA2-)ReV(OOH)(Cl)3] (A2) for catalysts 1 and 2, respectively. Interestingly, A1 and A2 were authenticated and analysed by ESI mass spectrometry and infrared spectroscopy and were the active precursors of this water oxidation process. The extent of current generation under similar conditions suggested that complex 1 is superior to complex 2 for the water oxidation reaction. Notably, the maximum turnover frequency (TOFmax) of catalysts 1 and 2 were 2.1 and 1.6 s-1 at 0.27 V and 0.24 V over potential, respectively, which is very significant in WOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uday Shee
- Inorganic Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India.
| | - Debopam Sinha
- Inorganic Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India.
- Department of Chemistry, Vijaygarh Jyotish Ray College, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Sandip Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Darjeeling Govt. College, Darjeeling, 734101, India.
| | - Kajal Krishna Rajak
- Inorganic Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India.
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2
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Zhang H, Chen B, Liu T, Brudvig GW, Wang D, Waegele MM. Infrared Spectroscopic Observation of Oxo- and Superoxo-Intermediates in the Water Oxidation Cycle of a Molecular Ir Catalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:878-883. [PMID: 38154046 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Molecular Ir catalysts have emerged as an important class of model catalysts for understanding structure-activity relationships in water oxidation, a reaction that is central to renewable fuel synthesis. Prior efforts have mostly focused on controlling and elucidating the emergence of active species from prepared precursors. However, the development of efficient and stable molecular Ir catalysts also necessitates probing of reaction intermediates. To date, relatively little is known about the key intermediates in the cycles of the molecular Ir catalysts. Herein, we probed the catalytic cycle of a homogeneous Ir catalyst ("blue dimer") at a Au electrode/aqueous electrolyte interface by combining surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (SEIRAS) with phase-sensitive detection (PSD). Cyclic voltammograms (CVs) from 1.4 to 1.7 VRHE (RHE = reversible hydrogen electrode) give rise to a band at ∼818 cm-1, whereas CVs from 1.4 to ≥1.85 VRHE generate an additional band at ∼1146 cm-1. Isotope labeling experiments indicate that the bands at ∼818 and ∼1146 cm-1 are attributable to oxo (IrV═O) and superoxo (IrIV-OO•) moieties, respectively. This study establishes PSD-SEIRAS as a sensitive tool for probing water oxidation cycles at electrode/electrolyte interfaces and demonstrates that the relative abundance of two key intermediates can be tuned by the thermodynamic driving force of the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongna Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Boqiang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Tianying Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Gary W Brudvig
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Dunwei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Matthias M Waegele
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
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3
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Gobbato T, Volpato GA, Sartorel A, Bonchio M. A breath of sunshine: oxygenic photosynthesis by functional molecular architectures. Chem Sci 2023; 14:12402-12429. [PMID: 38020375 PMCID: PMC10646967 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03780k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The conversion of light into chemical energy is the game-changer enabling technology for the energetic transition to renewable and clean solar fuels. The photochemistry of interest includes the overall reductive/oxidative splitting of water into hydrogen and oxygen and alternatives based on the reductive conversion of carbon dioxide or nitrogen, as primary sources of energy-rich products. Devices capable of performing such transformations are based on the integration of three sequential core functions: light absorption, photo-induced charge separation, and the photo-activated breaking/making of molecular bonds via specific catalytic routes. The key to success does not rely simply on the individual components' performance, but on their optimized integration in terms of type, number, geometry, spacing, and linkers dictating the photosynthetic architecture. Natural photosynthesis has evolved along this concept, by integrating each functional component in one specialized "body" (from the Greek word "soma") to enable the conversion of light quanta with high efficiency. Therefore, the natural "quantasome" represents the key paradigm to inspire man-made constructs for artificial photosynthesis. The case study presented in this perspective article deals with the design of artificial photosynthetic systems for water oxidation and oxygen production, engineered as molecular architectures then rendered on electrodic surfaces. Water oxidation to oxygen is indeed the pervasive oxidative reaction used by photosynthetic organisms, as the source of reducing equivalents (electrons and protons) to be delivered for the processing of high-energy products. Considering the vast and abundant supply of water (including seawater) as a renewable source on our planet, this is also a very appealing option for photosynthetic energy devices. We will showcase the progress in the last 15 years (2009-2023) in the strategies for integrating functional building blocks as molecular photosensitizers, multi-redox water oxidation catalysts and semiconductor materials, highlighting how additional components such as redox mediators, hydrophilic/hydrophobic pendants, and protective layers can impact on the overall photosynthetic performance. Emerging directions consider the modular tuning of the multi-component device, in order to target a diversity of photocatalytic oxidations, expanding the scope of the primary electron and proton sources while enhancing the added-value of the oxidation product beyond oxygen: the selective photooxidation of organics combines the green chemistry vision with renewable energy schemes and is expected to explode in coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gobbato
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Giulia Alice Volpato
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Andrea Sartorel
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Marcella Bonchio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
- ITM-CNR Section of Padova, INSTM Unit of Padova via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
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4
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Jenewein KJ, Wang Y, Liu T, McDonald T, Zlatar M, Kulyk N, Benavente Llorente V, Kormányos A, Wang D, Cherevko S. Electrolyte Engineering Stabilizes Photoanodes Decorated with Molecular Catalysts. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202202319. [PMID: 36602840 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202202319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Molecular catalysts are promising oxygen evolution promoters in conjunction with photoanodes for solar water splitting. Maintaining the stability of both photoabsorber and cocatalyst is still a prime challenge, with many efforts tackling this issue through sophisticated material designs. Such approaches often mask the importance of the electrode-electrolyte interface and overlook easily tunable system parameters, such as the electrolyte environment, to improve efficiency. We provide a systematic study on the activity-stability relationship of a prominent Fe2 O3 photoanode modified with Ir molecular catalysts using in situ mass spectroscopy. After gaining detailed insights into the dissolution behavior of the Ir cocatalyst, a comprehensive pH study is conducted to probe the impact of the electrolyte on the performance. An inverse trend in Fe and Ir stability is found, with the best activity-stability synergy obtained at pH 9.7. The results bring awareness to the overall photostability and electrolyte engineering when advancing catalysts for solar water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken J Jenewein
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy IEK-11, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Cauerstrasse 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yuanxing Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, 2609 Beacon St., Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
| | - Tianying Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, 2609 Beacon St., Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
| | - Tara McDonald
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, 2609 Beacon St., Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
| | - Matej Zlatar
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy IEK-11, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Cauerstrasse 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nadiia Kulyk
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy IEK-11, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Cauerstrasse 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Victoria Benavente Llorente
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy IEK-11, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Cauerstrasse 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Attila Kormányos
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy IEK-11, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Cauerstrasse 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Aradi Square 1, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - Dunwei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, 2609 Beacon St., Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
| | - Serhiy Cherevko
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy IEK-11, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Cauerstrasse 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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5
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Li H, Fei M, Troiano JL, Ma L, Yan X, Tieu P, Yuan Y, Zhang Y, Liu T, Pan X, Brudvig GW, Wang D. Selective Methane Oxidation by Heterogenized Iridium Catalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:769-773. [PMID: 36594824 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative methane (CH4) carbonylation promises a direct route to the synthesis of value-added oxygenates such as acetic acid (CH3COOH). Here, we report a strategy to realize oxidative CH4 carbonylation through immobilized Ir complexes on an oxide support. Our immobilization approach not only enables direct CH4 activation but also allows for easy separation and reutilization of the catalyst. Furthermore, we show that a key step, methyl migration, that forms a C-C bond, is sensitive to the electrophilicity of carbonyl, which can be tuned by a gentle reduction to the Ir centers. While the as-prepared catalyst that mainly featured Ir(IV) preferred CH3COOH production, a reduced catalyst featuring predominantly Ir(III) led to a significant increase of CH3OH production at the expense of the reduced yield of CH3COOH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyi Li
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Muchun Fei
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Jennifer L Troiano
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States.,Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, the United States
| | - Lu Ma
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Xingxu Yan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States.,Irvine Materials Research Institute, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Peter Tieu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Yucheng Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Yuhan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Tianying Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Xiaoqing Pan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States.,Irvine Materials Research Institute, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Gary W Brudvig
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States.,Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, the United States
| | - Dunwei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
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6
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Lu Y, Tsegaw YA, Wodyński A, Li L, Beckers H, Kaupp M, Riedel S. Investigation of Molecular Iridium Fluorides IrF
n
(
n
=1–6): A Combined Matrix‐Isolation and Quantum‐Chemical Study. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104005. [PMID: 35181951 PMCID: PMC9310635 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The photo‐initiated defluorination of iridium hexafluoride (IrF6) was investigated in neon and argon matrices at 6 K, and their photoproducts are characterized by IR and UV‐vis spectroscopies as well as quantum‐chemical calculations. The primary photoproducts obtained after irradiation with λ=365 nm are iridium pentafluoride (IrF5) and iridium trifluoride (IrF3), while longer irradiation of the same matrix with λ=278 nm produced iridium tetrafluoride (IrF4) and iridium difluoride (IrF2) by Ir−F bond cleavage or F2 elimination. In addition, IrF5 can be reversed to IrF6 by adding a F atom when exposed to blue‐light (λ=470 nm) irradiation. Laser irradiation (λ=266 nm) of IrF4 also generated IrF6, IrF5, IrF3 and IrF2. Alternatively, molecular binary iridium fluorides IrFn (n=1–6) were produced by co‐deposition of laser‐ablated iridium atoms with elemental fluorine in excess neon and argon matrices under cryogenic conditions. Computational studies up to scalar relativistic CCSD(T)/triple‐ζ level and two‐component quasirelativistic DFT computations including spin‐orbit coupling effects supported the formation of these products and provided detailed insights into their molecular structures by their characteristic Ir−F stretching bands. Compared to the Jahn‐Teller effect, the influence of spin‐orbit coupling dominates in IrF5, leading to a triplet ground state with C4v symmetry, which was spectroscopically detected in solid argon and neon matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lu
- Freie Universität Berlin Institut für Chemie und Biochemie-Anorganische Chemie Fabeckstrasse 34/36 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Yetsedaw A. Tsegaw
- Freie Universität Berlin Institut für Chemie und Biochemie-Anorganische Chemie Fabeckstrasse 34/36 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Artur Wodyński
- Technische Universität Berlin Institut für Chemie Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie Sekr. C7 Strasse des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Lin Li
- Freie Universität Berlin Institut für Chemie und Biochemie-Anorganische Chemie Fabeckstrasse 34/36 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Helmut Beckers
- Freie Universität Berlin Institut für Chemie und Biochemie-Anorganische Chemie Fabeckstrasse 34/36 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Martin Kaupp
- Technische Universität Berlin Institut für Chemie Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie Sekr. C7 Strasse des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Sebastian Riedel
- Freie Universität Berlin Institut für Chemie und Biochemie-Anorganische Chemie Fabeckstrasse 34/36 14195 Berlin Germany
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7
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Hu G, Troiano JL, Tayvah UT, Sharninghausen LS, Sinha SB, Shopov DY, Mercado BQ, Crabtree RH, Brudvig GW. Accessing Molecular Dimeric Ir Water Oxidation Catalysts from Coordination Precursors. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:14349-14356. [PMID: 34478282 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
One ongoing challenge in the field of iridium-based water oxidation catalysts is to develop a molecular precatalyst affording well-defined homogeneous active species for catalysis. Our previous work by using organometallic precatalysts Cp*Ir(pyalk)OH and Ir(pyalk)(CO)2 (pyalk = (2-pyridyl)-2-propanolate) suggested a μ-oxo-bridged Ir dimer as the probable resting state, although the structure of the active species remained elusive. During the activation, the ligands Cp* and CO were found to oxidatively degrade into acetic acid or other products, which coordinate to Ir centers and affect the catalytic reaction. Two related dimers bearing two pyalk ligands on each iridium were crystallized for structural analysis. However, preliminary results indicated that these crystallographically characterized dimers are not active catalysts. In this work, we accessed a mixture of dinuclear iridium species from a coordination precursor, Na[Ir(pyalk)Cl4], and assayed their catalytic activity for oxygen evolution by using NaIO4 as the oxidant. This catalyst showed comparable oxygen-evolution activity to the ones previously reported from organometallic precursors without demanding oxidative activation to remove sacrificial ligands. Future research along this direction is expected to provide insights and design principles toward a well-defined active species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongfang Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States.,Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, 520 West Campus Drive, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Jennifer L Troiano
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States.,Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, 520 West Campus Drive, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Uriel T Tayvah
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States.,Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, 520 West Campus Drive, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Liam S Sharninghausen
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Shashi Bhushan Sinha
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Dimitar Y Shopov
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Brandon Q Mercado
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Robert H Crabtree
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States.,Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, 520 West Campus Drive, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Gary W Brudvig
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States.,Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, 520 West Campus Drive, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
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8
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Bio-Inspired Molecular Catalysts for Water Oxidation. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11091068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The catalytic tetranuclear manganese-calcium-oxo cluster in the photosynthetic reaction center, photosystem II, provides an excellent blueprint for light-driven water oxidation in nature. The water oxidation reaction has attracted intense interest due to its potential as a renewable, clean, and environmentally benign source of energy production. Inspired by the oxygen-evolving complex of photosystem II, a large of number of highly innovative synthetic bio-inspired molecular catalysts are being developed that incorporate relatively cheap and abundant metals such as Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu, as well as Ru and Ir, in their design. In this review, we briefly discuss the historic milestones that have been achieved in the development of transition metal catalysts and focus on a detailed description of recent progress in the field.
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9
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Geer AM, Liu C, Musgrave CB, Webber C, Johnson G, Zhou H, Sun CJ, Dickie DA, Goddard WA, Zhang S, Gunnoe TB. Noncovalent Immobilization of Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl Iridium Complexes on Ordered Mesoporous Carbon for Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation. SMALL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202100037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ana M. Geer
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia Charlottesville VA 22904 USA
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia Charlottesville VA 22904 USA
| | - Charles B. Musgrave
- Materials and Process Simulation Center Department of Chemistry California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Christopher Webber
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia Charlottesville VA 22904 USA
| | - Grayson Johnson
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia Charlottesville VA 22904 USA
| | - Hua Zhou
- Advanced Photon Source Argonne National Laboratory Lemont IL 60439 USA
| | - Cheng-Jun Sun
- Advanced Photon Source Argonne National Laboratory Lemont IL 60439 USA
| | - Diane A. Dickie
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia Charlottesville VA 22904 USA
| | - William A. Goddard
- Materials and Process Simulation Center Department of Chemistry California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Sen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia Charlottesville VA 22904 USA
| | - T. Brent Gunnoe
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia Charlottesville VA 22904 USA
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10
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Luo SXL, Liu RY, Lee S, Swager TM. Electrocatalytic Isoxazoline-Nanocarbon Metal Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:10441-10453. [PMID: 34213315 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of new carbon-nanomaterial-based metal chelates that enable effective electronic coupling to electrocatalytic transition metals. In particular, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and few-layered graphene (FLG) were covalently functionalized by a microwave-assisted cycloaddition with nitrile oxides to form metal-binding isoxazoline functional groups with high densities. The covalent attachment was evidenced by Raman spectroscopy, and the chemical identity of the surface functional groups was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). The functional carbon nanomaterials effectively chelate precious metals Ir(III), Pt(II), and Ru(III), as well as earth-abundant metals such as Ni(II), to afford materials with metal contents as high as 3.0 atom %. The molecularly dispersed nature of the catalysts was confirmed by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (STEM-EDS) elemental mapping. The interplay between the chelate structure on the graphene surface and its metal binding ability has also been investigated by a combination of experimental and computational studies. The defined ligands on the graphene surfaces enable the formation of structurally precise heterogeneous molecular catalysts. The direct attachment of the isoxazoline functional group on the graphene surfaces provides strong electronic coupling between the chelated metal species and the conductive carbon nanomaterial support. We demonstrate that the metal-chelated carbon nanomaterials are effective heterogeneous catalysts in the oxygen evolution reaction with low overpotentials and tunable catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Xiong Lennon Luo
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Richard Y Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sungsik Lee
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Timothy M Swager
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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11
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Cubane Ru4(CO)8 cluster containing 4 pyridine-methanol ligands as a highly efficient photoelectrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction from water. J Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.121769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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12
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Dobereiner GE, Hazari N, Schley ND. Pioneers and Influencers in Organometallic Chemistry: Professor Robert Crabtree’s Storied Career via an Unusual Journey to the Ivy League. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Graham E. Dobereiner
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Nilay Hazari
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, Unites States
| | - Nathan D. Schley
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
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13
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Mazloomi Z, Margalef J, Gil-Sepulcre M, Romero N, Albrecht M, Llobet A, Sala X, Pàmies O, Diéguez M. Effect of Ligand Chelation and Sacrificial Oxidant on the Integrity of Triazole-Based Carbene Iridium Water Oxidation Catalysts. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:12337-12347. [PMID: 32813508 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report the effect of replacing the pyridine group in the chelating trz Ir-water oxidation catalysts by a benzoxazole and a thiazole moiety. We have also evaluated if the presence of bidentate ligands is crucial for high activities and to avoid the decomposition into undesired heterogeneous layers. The catalytic performance of these benzoxazole/thiazole-triazolidene Ir-complexes in water oxidation was studied at variable pH using either CAN (pH = 1) or NaIO4 (pH = 5.6 and 7). Electrocatalytic experiments indicated that while CAN-mediated water oxidation led to catalyst heterogeneization irrespective of the triazolylidene substituent, periodate as sacrificial oxidant preserved a homogeneously active species. Repetitive additions of sacrificial oxidant indicates higher integrity of the Ir-complex with a thiazole-substituted triazolylidene compared to ligands featuring a benzoxazole as chelating donor or no chelating group at all. Rigid chelation of the thiazole group was also established from stability measurements under highly acidic, oxidizing, and high ionic strength conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Mazloomi
- Departament de Quı́mica Fı́sica i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo, 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jessica Margalef
- Departament de Quı́mica Fı́sica i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo, 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Marcos Gil-Sepulcre
- Departament de Quı́mica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-BIST), Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Nuria Romero
- Departament de Quı́mica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martin Albrecht
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Antoni Llobet
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-BIST), Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Xavier Sala
- Departament de Quı́mica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar Pàmies
- Departament de Quı́mica Fı́sica i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo, 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Diéguez
- Departament de Quı́mica Fı́sica i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo, 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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14
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van Dijk B, Rodriguez GM, Wu L, Hofmann JP, Macchioni A, Hetterscheid DGH. The Influence of the Ligand in the Iridium Mediated Electrocatalyic Water Oxidation. ACS Catal 2020; 10:4398-4410. [PMID: 32280560 PMCID: PMC7137537 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c00531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Electrochemical
water oxidation is the bottleneck of electrolyzers
as even the best catalysts, iridium and ruthenium oxides, have to
operate at significant overpotentials. Previously, the position of
a hydroxyl on a series of hydroxylpicolinate ligands was found to
significantly influence the activity of molecular iridium catalysts
in sacrificial oxidant driven water oxidation. In this study, these
catalysts were tested under electrochemical conditions and benchmarked
to several other known molecular iridium catalysts under the exact
same conditions. This allowed us to compare these catalysts directly
and observe whether structure–activity relationships would
prevail under electrochemical conditions. Using both electrochemical
quartz crystal microbalance experiments and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,
we found that all studied iridium complexes form an iridium deposit
on the electrode with binding energies ranging from 62.4 to 62.7 eV
for the major Ir 4f7/2 species. These do not match the
binding energies found for the parent complexes, which have a broader
binding energy range from 61.7 to 62.7 eV and show a clear relationship
to the electronegativity induced by the ligands. Moreover, all catalysts
performed the electrochemical water oxidation in the same order of
magnitude as the maximum currents ranged from 0.2 to 0.6 mA cm–2 once more without clear structure–activity
relationships. In addition, by employing 1H NMR spectroscopy
we found evidence for Cp* breakdown products such as acetate. Electrodeposited
iridium oxide from ligand free [Ir(OH)6]2– or a colloidal iridium oxide nanoparticles solution produces currents
almost 2 orders of magnitude higher with a maximum current of 11 mA
cm–2. Also, this deposited material contains, apart
from an Ir 4f7/2 species at 62.4 eV, an Ir species at 63.6
eV, which is not observed for any deposit formed by the molecular
complexes. Thus, the electrodeposited material of the complexes cannot
be directly linked to bulk iridium oxide. Small IrOx clusters
containing few Ir atoms with partially incorporated ligand residues
are the most likely option for the catalytically active electrodeposit.
Our results emphasize that structure–activity relationships
obtained with sacrificial oxidants do not necessarily translate to
electrochemical conditions. Furthermore, other factors, such as electrodeposition
and catalyst degradation, play a major role in the electrochemically
driven water oxidation and should thus be considered when optimizing
molecular catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bas van Dijk
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gabriel Menendez Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology and CIRCC, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Longfei Wu
- Laboratory for Inorganic Materials and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jan P. Hofmann
- Laboratory for Inorganic Materials and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Alceo Macchioni
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology and CIRCC, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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15
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Olivares M, van der Ham CJM, Mdluli V, Schmidtendorf M, Müller‐Bunz H, Verhoeven TWGM, Li M, Niemantsverdriet JW(H, Hetterscheid DGH, Bernhard S, Albrecht M. Relevance of Chemical vs. Electrochemical Oxidation of Tunable Carbene Iridium Complexes for Catalytic Water Oxidation. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Olivares
- Departement für Chemie und Biochemie Universität Bern Freiestrasse 3, CH ‐3012 Bern Switzerland
- School of Chemistry University College Dublin Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
| | | | - Velabo Mdluli
- Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University 15213 Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
| | | | - Helge Müller‐Bunz
- School of Chemistry University College Dublin Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Tiny W. G. M. Verhoeven
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Mo Li
- Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University 15213 Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
| | | | | | - Stefan Bernhard
- Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University 15213 Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
| | - Martin Albrecht
- Departement für Chemie und Biochemie Universität Bern Freiestrasse 3, CH ‐3012 Bern Switzerland
- School of Chemistry University College Dublin Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
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16
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Volpe A, Tubaro C, Natali M, Sartorel A, Brudvig GW, Bonchio M. Light-Driven Water Oxidation with the Ir-blue Catalyst and the Ru(bpy) 32+/S 2O 82- Cycle: Photogeneration of Active Dimers, Electron-Transfer Kinetics, and Light Synchronization for Oxygen Evolution with High Quantum Efficiency. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:16537-16545. [PMID: 31774669 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Light-driven water oxidation is achieved with the Ru(bpy)32+/S2O82- cycle employing the highly active Ir-blue water oxidation catalyst, namely, an IrIV,IV2(pyalc)2 μ-oxo-dimer [pyalc = 2-(2'-pyridyl)-2-propanoate]. Ir-blue is readily formed by stepwise oxidation of the monomeric Ir(III) precursor 1 by the photogenerated Ru(bpy)33+, with a quantum yield ϕ of up to 0.10. Transient absorption spectroscopy and kinetic evidence point to a stepwise mechanism, where the primary event occurs via a fast photoinduced electron transfer from 1 to Ru(bpy)33+, leading to the Ir(IV) monomer I1 (k1 ∼ 108 M-1 s-1). The competent Ir-blue catalyst is then obtained from I1 upon photooxidative loss of the Cp* ligand and dimerization. The Ir-blue catalyst is active in the Ru(bpy)32+/S2O82- light-driven water oxidation cycle, where it undergoes two fast photoinduced electron transfers to Ru(bpy)33+ [with kIr-blue = (3.00 ± 0.02) × 108 M-1 s-1 for the primary event, outperforming iridium oxide nanoparticles by ca. 2 orders of magnitude], leading to a IrV,V2 steady-state intermediate involved in O-O bond formation. The quantum yield for oxygen evolution depends on the photon flux, showing a saturation regime and reaching an impressive value of ϕ(O2) = 0.32 ± 0.01 (corresponding to a quantum efficiency of 64 ± 2%) at low irradiation intensity. This result highlights the key requirement of orchestrating the rate of the photochemical events with dark catalytic turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Volpe
- Department of Chemical Sciences , University of Padova , via Marzolo 1 , 35131 Padova , Italy
| | - Cristina Tubaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences , University of Padova , via Marzolo 1 , 35131 Padova , Italy
| | - Mirco Natali
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Ferrara and Centro Interuniversitario per la Conversione Chimica dell'Energia Solare (SolarChem) , sez. di Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46 , 44121 Ferrara , Italy
| | - Andrea Sartorel
- Department of Chemical Sciences , University of Padova , via Marzolo 1 , 35131 Padova , Italy
| | - Gary W Brudvig
- Department of Chemistry , Yale University , 225 Prospect Street , New Haven , Connecticut 06520-8107 , United States
| | - Marcella Bonchio
- Department of Chemical Sciences , University of Padova , via Marzolo 1 , 35131 Padova , Italy
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17
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Singer Hobbs M, Sackville EV, Smith AJ, Edler KJ, Hintermair U. In Situ Monitoring of Nanoparticle Formation during Iridium‐Catalysed Oxygen Evolution by Real‐Time Small Angle X‐Ray Scattering. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201901268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maya Singer Hobbs
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical TechnologiesUniversity of Bath Claverton Down Bath BA2 7AY United Kingdom
| | - Emma V. Sackville
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical TechnologiesUniversity of Bath Claverton Down Bath BA2 7AY United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Smith
- Diamond Light Source, Diamond House Harwell Science and Innovation Campus Harwell, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE United Kingdom
| | - Karen J. Edler
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Bath Claverton Down Bath BA2 7AY United Kingdom
| | - Ulrich Hintermair
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical TechnologiesUniversity of Bath Claverton Down Bath BA2 7AY United Kingdom
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18
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Watabe S, Tanahashi Y, Hirahara M, Yamazaki H, Takahashi K, Mohamed EA, Tsubonouchi Y, Zahran ZN, Saito K, Yui T, Yagi M. Critical Hammett Electron-Donating Ability of Substituent Groups for Efficient Water Oxidation Catalysis by Mononuclear Ruthenium Aquo Complexes. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:12716-12723. [PMID: 31549813 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[Ru(Rtpy)(bpy)(H2O)]2+ (1R; bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, and Rtpy = 2,2':6',2″-terpyridine derivatives) complexes with a variety of 4'-substituent groups on Rtpy were synthesized and characterized to reveal the effects of substituents on their structures, physicochemical properties, and catalytic activities for water oxidation. The geometric structures of 1R are not considerably influenced by the electron-donating ability of the 4'-substituent groups on Rtpy. Similar multistep proton-coupled electron transfer reactions were observed for 1R, and the redox potentials for each oxidation step tended to decrease with an increase in the electron-donating ability of the substituent, which is explained by the increased electron density on the Ru center by electron-donating groups, stabilizing the positive charge that builds up upon oxidation. This is consistent with the red-shift of the absorption bands around 480 nm assigned to the metal-to-ligand charge transfer transition for 1R due to the increased d orbital energy level of the Ru center. The turnover frequency (kO2) of 1R for water oxidation catalysis, however, depended greatly on the Rtpy ligands, varying from 0.05 × 10-2 to 44 × 10-2 s-1 (as the highest kO2 was observed for R = ethoxy) by a factor of 880. A critical electron-donating ability of the 4'-substituent groups with a narrow range of Hammett constants (σp = -0.27 to -0.24) found for the highest kO2 values is valuable for understanding the great difficulty in the search for efficient water oxidation catalysts. On another front, the kO2 values increased with a decrease in the redox potentials of RuIV═O/RuV═O for 1R, indicating that the potential of formation of RuV═O species for 1R is crucial for water oxidation catalysis under the employed conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Watabe
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering , Niigata University , 8050 Ikarashi-2 , Niigata 950-2181 , Japan
| | - Yuki Tanahashi
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering , Niigata University , 8050 Ikarashi-2 , Niigata 950-2181 , Japan
| | - Masanari Hirahara
- Department of Applied Chemistry , National Defense Academy of Japan , Hashirimizu 1-10-20 , Yokosuka , Kanagawa 239-8686 , Japan
| | - Hirosato Yamazaki
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering , Niigata University , 8050 Ikarashi-2 , Niigata 950-2181 , Japan
| | - Kosuke Takahashi
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering , Niigata University , 8050 Ikarashi-2 , Niigata 950-2181 , Japan
| | - Eman A Mohamed
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering , Niigata University , 8050 Ikarashi-2 , Niigata 950-2181 , Japan
| | - Yuta Tsubonouchi
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering , Niigata University , 8050 Ikarashi-2 , Niigata 950-2181 , Japan
| | - Zaki N Zahran
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering , Niigata University , 8050 Ikarashi-2 , Niigata 950-2181 , Japan
| | - Kenji Saito
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering , Niigata University , 8050 Ikarashi-2 , Niigata 950-2181 , Japan
| | - Tatsuto Yui
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering , Niigata University , 8050 Ikarashi-2 , Niigata 950-2181 , Japan
| | - Masayuki Yagi
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering , Niigata University , 8050 Ikarashi-2 , Niigata 950-2181 , Japan
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19
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Li P, Liu JB, Han S, Deng W, Yao ZJ. Half-sandwich Ir (III) and Rh (III) complexes as catalysts for water oxidation with double-site. Appl Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; Shanghai Institute of Technology; Shanghai 201418 China
| | - Jin-Bao Liu
- Department of Science and Technology; Shanghai Urban Construction Vocational College; Shanghai 201415 China
| | - Sheng Han
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; Shanghai Institute of Technology; Shanghai 201418 China
| | - Wei Deng
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; Shanghai Institute of Technology; Shanghai 201418 China
| | - Zi-Jian Yao
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; Shanghai Institute of Technology; Shanghai 201418 China
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210023 China
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20
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Poli I, Hintermair U, Regue M, Kumar S, Sackville EV, Baker J, Watson TM, Eslava S, Cameron PJ. Graphite-protected CsPbBr 3 perovskite photoanodes functionalised with water oxidation catalyst for oxygen evolution in water. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2097. [PMID: 31068590 PMCID: PMC6506520 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10124-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal-halide perovskites have been widely investigated in the photovoltaic sector due to their promising optoelectronic properties and inexpensive fabrication techniques based on solution processing. Here we report the development of inorganic CsPbBr3-based photoanodes for direct photoelectrochemical oxygen evolution from aqueous electrolytes. We use a commercial thermal graphite sheet and a mesoporous carbon scaffold to encapsulate CsPbBr3 as an inexpensive and efficient protection strategy. We achieve a record stability of 30 h in aqueous electrolyte under constant simulated solar illumination, with currents above 2 mA cm-2 at 1.23 VRHE. We further demonstrate the versatility of our approach by grafting a molecular Ir-based water oxidation catalyst on the electrolyte-facing surface of the sealing graphite sheet, which cathodically shifts the onset potential of the composite photoanode due to accelerated charge transfer. These results suggest an efficient route to develop stable halide perovskite based electrodes for photoelectrochemical solar fuel generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Poli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Ulrich Hintermair
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Miriam Regue
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Emma V Sackville
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Jenny Baker
- SPECIFIC, Swansea University Bay Campus, Fabian Way, Swansea, SA1 8EN, UK
| | - Trystan M Watson
- SPECIFIC, Swansea University Bay Campus, Fabian Way, Swansea, SA1 8EN, UK
| | - Salvador Eslava
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Petra J Cameron
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
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21
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Zahran ZN, Tsubonouchi Y, Mohamed EA, Yagi M. Recent Advances in the Development of Molecular Catalyst-Based Anodes for Water Oxidation toward Artificial Photosynthesis. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:1775-1793. [PMID: 30793506 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201802795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic water oxidation represents a bottleneck for developing artificial photosynthetic systems that store solar energy as renewable fuels. A variety of molecular water oxidation catalysts (WOCs) have been reported over the last two decades. In view of their applications in artificial photosynthesis devices, it is essential to immobilize molecular catalysts onto the surfaces of conducting/semiconducting supports for fabricating efficient and stable water oxidation anodes/photoanodes. Molecular WOC-based anodes are essential for developing photovoltaic artificial photosynthesis devices and, moreover, the performance of molecular WOC on anodes will provide important insight into designing extended molecular WOC-based photoanodes for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation. This Review concerns recent progress in the development of molecular WOC-based anodes over the last two decades and looks at the prospects for using such anodes in artificial photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaki N Zahran
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Niigata, 9050-2181, Japan
- Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Yuta Tsubonouchi
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Niigata, 9050-2181, Japan
| | - Eman A Mohamed
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Niigata, 9050-2181, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yagi
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Niigata, 9050-2181, Japan
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22
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Abstract
The presence of single-electron transfer (SET) steps in water oxidation processes catalyzed by first-row transition metal complexes has been recently recognized, but the computational characterization of this type of process is not trivial. We report a systematic theoretical study based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations on the reactivity of a specific copper complex active in water oxidation that reacts through two consecutive single-electron transfers. Both inner-sphere (through transition state location) and outer-sphere (through Marcus theory) mechanisms are analyzed. The first electron transfer is found to operate through outer-sphere, and the second one through inner-sphere. The current work proposes a scheme for the systematic study of single-electron transfer in water oxidation catalysis and beyond.
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23
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N,N,O Pincer Ligand with a Deprotonatable Site That Promotes Redox‐Leveling, High Mn Oxidation States, and a Mn
2
O
2
Dimer Competent for Catalytic Oxygen Evolution. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201801343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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24
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Wang JW, Liu WJ, Zhong DC, Lu TB. Nickel complexes as molecular catalysts for water splitting and CO2 reduction. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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25
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Bartlett SA, Sackville EV, Gibson EK, Celorrio V, Wells PP, Nachtegaal M, Sheehan SW, Hintermair U. Evidence for tetranuclear bis-μ-oxo cubane species in molecular iridium-based water oxidation catalysts from XAS analysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:7832-7835. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc02088h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Latest EXAFS results suggest a ‘dimer-of-dimers’ as the dominant resting state of Ir-pyalk WOCs in aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emma V. Sackville
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies
- University of Bath
- Bath BA2 7AY
- UK
| | - Emma K. Gibson
- Diamond Light Source
- Harwell Science and Innovation Campus
- UK
- School of Chemistry
- University of Glasgow
| | | | - Peter P. Wells
- Diamond Light Source
- Harwell Science and Innovation Campus
- UK
- School of Chemistry
- University of Southampton
| | | | | | - Ulrich Hintermair
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies
- University of Bath
- Bath BA2 7AY
- UK
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26
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Huang Z, Zhang M, Lin H, Ding S, Dong B, Liu D, Wang H, Dai F, Sun D. Comparison of two water oxidation electrocatalysts by copper or zinc supermolecule complexes based on porphyrin ligand. RSC Adv 2018; 8:40054-40059. [PMID: 35558199 PMCID: PMC9091322 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra08338j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on the 5,10,15,20-tetra(cyanophenyl)porphyrin (CNTCPP) ligand, two supermolecule complexes formulated as [Cu(CNTCPP)]·2DMF (Cu-CNTCPP) and [Zn(CNTCPP)] (Zn-CNTCPP) have been synthesized and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Cu-CNTCPP features a 0 dimensional (0D) supramoleculer structure, whereas Zn-CNTCPP is a 2D structure. With coordination unsaturated points, Cu-CNTCPP exhibits electrocatalytic activity toward oxygen evolution reaction (OER) with low potential in 1.0 M KOH, generating a current density of 10 mA cm-2 at an potential of 1.66 V vs. RHE, which means it an efficient electrocatalytic material for OER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaodi Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao Shandong 266580 People's Republic of China
| | - Meixi Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao Shandong 266580 People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao Shandong 266580 People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Ding
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao Shandong 266580 People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Dong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao Shandong 266580 People's Republic of China
| | - Di Liu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology Qingdao Shandong 266590 People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
| | - Fangna Dai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao Shandong 266580 People's Republic of China
| | - Daofeng Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao Shandong 266580 People's Republic of China
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27
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Sackville EV, Marken F, Hintermair U. Electrochemical and Kinetic Insights into Molecular Water Oxidation Catalysts Derived from Cp*Ir(pyridine-alkoxide) Complexes. ChemCatChem 2018; 10:4280-4291. [PMID: 31007774 PMCID: PMC6470865 DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201800916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We report the solution-phase electrochemistry of seven half-sandwich iridium(III) complexes with varying pyridine-alkoxide ligands to quantify electronic ligand effects that translate to their activity in catalytic water oxidation. Our results unify some previously reported electrochemical data of Cp*Ir complexes by showing how the solution speciation determines the electrochemical response: cationic complexes show over 1 V higher redox potentials that their neutral forms in a distinct demonstration of charge accumulation effects relevant to water oxidation. Building on previous work that analysed the activation behaviour of our pyalk-ligated Cp*Ir complexes 1-7, we assess their catalytic oxygen evolution activity with sodium periodate (NaIO4) and ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) in water and aqueous tBuOH solution. Mechanistic studies including H/D kinetic isotope effects and reaction progress kinetic analysis (RPKA) of oxygen evolution point to a dimer-monomer equilibrium of the IrIV resting state preceding a proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) in the turnover-limiting step (TLS). Finally, true electrochemically driven water oxidation is demonstrated for all catalysts, revealing surprising trends in activity that do not correlate with those obtained using chemical oxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma V. Sackville
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical TechnologiesUniversity of BathClaverton DownBathBA2 7AYUnited Kingdom
| | - Frank Marken
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BathClaverton DownBathBA2 7AYUnited Kingdom
| | - Ulrich Hintermair
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical TechnologiesUniversity of BathClaverton DownBathBA2 7AYUnited Kingdom
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28
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Design of Molecular Water Oxidation Catalysts Stabilized by Ultrathin Inorganic Overlayers—Is Active Site Protection Necessary? INORGANICS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics6040105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Anchored molecular catalysts provide a good step towards bridging the gap between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. However, applications in an aqueous environment pose a serious challenge to anchoring groups in terms of stability. Ultrathin overlayers embedding these catalysts on the surface using atomic layer deposition (ALD) are an elegant solution to tackle the anchoring group instability. The propensity of ALD precursors to react with water leads to the question whether molecules containing aqua ligands, such as most water oxidation complexes, can be protected without side reactions and deactivation during the deposition process. We synthesized two iridium and two ruthenium-based water oxidation catalysts, which contained an aqua ligand (Ir–OH2 and Ru–OH2) or a chloride (Ir–Cl and Ru–Cl) that served as a protecting group for the former. Using a ligand exchange reaction on the anchored and partially embedded Ru–Cl, the optimal overlayer thickness was determined to be 1.6 nm. An electrochemical test of the protected catalysts on meso-ITO showed different behaviors for the Ru and the Ir catalysts. The former showed no onset difference between protected and non-protected versions, but limited stability. Ir–Cl displayed excellent stability, whilst the unprotected catalyst Ir–OH2 showed a later initial onset. Self-regeneration of the catalytic activity of Ir–OH2 under operating conditions was observed. We propose chloride ligands as generally applicable protecting groups for catalysts that are to be stabilized on surfaces using ALD.
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29
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Zhao Y, Yan X, Yang KR, Cao S, Dong Q, Thorne JE, Materna KL, Zhu S, Pan X, Flytzani-Stephanopoulos M, Brudvig GW, Batista VS, Wang D. End-On Bound Iridium Dinuclear Heterogeneous Catalysts on WO 3 for Solar Water Oxidation. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2018; 4:1166-1172. [PMID: 30276249 PMCID: PMC6161057 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.8b00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous catalysts with atomically defined active centers hold great promise for high-performance applications. Among them, catalysts featuring active moieties with more than one metal atom are important for chemical reactions that require synergistic effects but are rarer than single atom catalysts (SACs). The difficulty in synthesizing such catalysts has been a key challenge. Recent progress in preparing dinuclear heterogeneous catalysts (DHCs) from homogeneous molecular precursors has provided an effective route to address this challenge. Nevertheless, only side-on bound DHCs, where both metal atoms are affixed to the supporting substrate, have been reported. The competing end-on binding mode, where only one metal atom is attached to the substrate and the other metal atom is dangling, has been missing. Here, we report the first observation that end-on binding is indeed possible for Ir DHCs supported on WO3. Unambiguous evidence supporting the binding mode was obtained by in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy and high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy. Density functional theory calculations provide additional support for the binding mode, as well as insights into how end-on bound DHCs may be beneficial for solar water oxidation reactions. The results have important implications for future studies of highly effective heterogeneous catalysts for complex chemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhao
- Department
of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center,
Boston College, Chestnut
Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Xingxu Yan
- Department of Chemical
Engineering and Materials Science and Department of Physics
and Astronomy, University of California
- Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Ke R. Yang
- Yale
Energy Sciences Institute and Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Sufeng Cao
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Qi Dong
- Department
of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center,
Boston College, Chestnut
Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - James E. Thorne
- Department
of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center,
Boston College, Chestnut
Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Kelly L. Materna
- Yale
Energy Sciences Institute and Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Shasha Zhu
- Department
of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center,
Boston College, Chestnut
Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Xiaoqing Pan
- Department of Chemical
Engineering and Materials Science and Department of Physics
and Astronomy, University of California
- Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | | | - Gary W. Brudvig
- Yale
Energy Sciences Institute and Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Victor S. Batista
- Yale
Energy Sciences Institute and Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Dunwei Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center,
Boston College, Chestnut
Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
- E-mail:
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30
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Revisiting O–O Bond Formation through Outer‐Sphere Water Molecules versus Bimolecular Mechanisms in Water‐Oxidation Catalysis (WOC) by Cp*Ir Based Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201800500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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31
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Siddiqi G, Luo Z, Xie Y, Pan Z, Zhu Q, Röhr JA, Cha JJ, Hu S. Stable Water Oxidation in Acid Using Manganese-Modified TiO 2 Protective Coatings. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:18805-18815. [PMID: 29668253 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b05323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Accomplishing acid-stable water oxidation is a critical matter for achieving both long-lasting water-splitting devices and other fuel-forming electro- and photocatalytic processes. Because water oxidation releases protons into the local electrolytic environment, it becomes increasingly acidic during device operation, which leads to corrosion of the photoactive component and hence loss in device performance and lifetime. In this work, we show that thin films of manganese-modified titania, (Ti,Mn)O x, topped with an iridium catalyst, can be used in a coating stabilization scheme for acid-stable water oxidation. We achieved a device lifetime of more than 100 h in pH = 0 acid. We successfully grew (Ti,Mn)O x coatings with uniform elemental distributions over a wide range of manganese compositions using atomic layer deposition (ALD), and using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, we show that (Ti,Mn)O x films grown in this manner give rise to closer-to-valence-band Fermi levels, which can be further tuned with annealing. In contrast to the normally n-type or intrinsic TiO2 coatings, annealed (Ti,Mn)O x films can make direct charge transfer to a Fe(CN)63-/4- redox couple dissolved in aqueous electrolytes. Using the Fe(CN)63-/4- redox, we further demonstrated anodic charge transfer through the (Ti,Mn)O x films to high work function metals, such as iridium and gold, which is not previously possible with ALD-grown TiO2. We correlated changes in the crystallinity (amorphous to rutile TiO2) and oxidation state (2+ to 3+) of the annealed (Ti,Mn)O x films to their hole conductivity and electrochemical stability in acid. Finally, by combining (Ti,Mn)O x coatings with iridium, an acid-stable water-oxidation anode, using acid-sensitive conductive fluorine-doped tin oxides, was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georges Siddiqi
- Energy Sciences Institute , Yale University , 810 West Campus Drive , West Haven , Connecticut 06516 , United States
| | - Zhenya Luo
- Energy Sciences Institute , Yale University , 810 West Campus Drive , West Haven , Connecticut 06516 , United States
| | - Yujun Xie
- Energy Sciences Institute , Yale University , 810 West Campus Drive , West Haven , Connecticut 06516 , United States
| | - Zhenhua Pan
- Energy Sciences Institute , Yale University , 810 West Campus Drive , West Haven , Connecticut 06516 , United States
| | - Qianhong Zhu
- Energy Sciences Institute , Yale University , 810 West Campus Drive , West Haven , Connecticut 06516 , United States
| | - Jason A Röhr
- Energy Sciences Institute , Yale University , 810 West Campus Drive , West Haven , Connecticut 06516 , United States
| | - Judy J Cha
- Energy Sciences Institute , Yale University , 810 West Campus Drive , West Haven , Connecticut 06516 , United States
| | - Shu Hu
- Energy Sciences Institute , Yale University , 810 West Campus Drive , West Haven , Connecticut 06516 , United States
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32
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Jiang X, Li J, Yang B, Wei XZ, Dong BW, Kao Y, Huang MY, Tung CH, Wu LZ. A Bio-inspired Cu4
O4
Cubane: Effective Molecular Catalysts for Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation in Aqueous Solution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201803944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials; Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry; The Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- School of Future Technologies; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials; Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry; The Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- School of Future Technologies; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Bing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials; Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry; The Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- School of Future Technologies; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Zhu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials; Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry; The Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- School of Future Technologies; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Bo-Wei Dong
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Peking University; Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Yi Kao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Peking University; Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Mao-Yong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials; Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry; The Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- School of Future Technologies; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials; Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry; The Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- School of Future Technologies; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Li-Zhu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials; Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry; The Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- School of Future Technologies; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
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33
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Jiang X, Li J, Yang B, Wei XZ, Dong BW, Kao Y, Huang MY, Tung CH, Wu LZ. A Bio-inspired Cu4
O4
Cubane: Effective Molecular Catalysts for Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation in Aqueous Solution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:7850-7854. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201803944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials; Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry; The Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- School of Future Technologies; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials; Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry; The Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- School of Future Technologies; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Bing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials; Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry; The Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- School of Future Technologies; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Zhu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials; Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry; The Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- School of Future Technologies; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Bo-Wei Dong
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Peking University; Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Yi Kao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Peking University; Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Mao-Yong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials; Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry; The Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- School of Future Technologies; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials; Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry; The Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- School of Future Technologies; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Li-Zhu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials; Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry; The Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- School of Future Technologies; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
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34
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Shopov DY, Sharninghausen LS, Sinha SB, Mercado BQ, Balcells D, Brudvig GW, Crabtree RH. A Dinuclear Iridium(V,V) Oxo-Bridged Complex Characterized Using a Bulk Electrolysis Technique for Crystallizing Highly Oxidizing Compounds. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:5684-5691. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitar Y. Shopov
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Liam S. Sharninghausen
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Shashi Bhushan Sinha
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Brandon Q. Mercado
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - David Balcells
- Hylleraas Center for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Gary W. Brudvig
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Robert H. Crabtree
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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35
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Lin J, Kang P, Liang X, Ma B, Ding Y. Homogeneous electrocatalytic water oxidation catalyzed by a mononuclear nickel complex. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.11.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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36
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Sackville EV, Kociok-Köhn G, Hintermair U. Ligand Tuning in Pyridine-Alkoxide Ligated Cp*IrIII Oxidation Catalysts. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emma V. Sackville
- Centre
for Sustainable Chemical Technologies, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2
7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriele Kociok-Köhn
- Chemical
Characterisation and Analysis Facility, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2
7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Ulrich Hintermair
- Centre
for Sustainable Chemical Technologies, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2
7AY, United Kingdom
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37
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Sinha SB, Shopov DY, Sharninghausen LS, Stein CJ, Mercado BQ, Balcells D, Pedersen TB, Reiher M, Brudvig GW, Crabtree RH. Redox Activity of Oxo-Bridged Iridium Dimers in an N,O-Donor Environment: Characterization of Remarkably Stable Ir(IV,V) Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2017. [PMID: 28648068 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b04874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Chemical and electrochemical oxidation or reduction of our recently reported Ir(IV,IV) mono-μ-oxo dimers results in the formation of fully characterized Ir(IV,V) and Ir(III,III) complexes. The Ir(IV,V) dimers are unprecedented and exhibit remarkable stability under ambient conditions. This stability and modest reduction potential of 0.99 V vs NHE is in part attributed to complete charge delocalization across both Ir centers. Trends in crystallographic bond lengths and angles shed light on the structural changes accompanying oxidation and reduction. The similarity of these mono-μ-oxo dimers to our Ir "blue solution" water-oxidation catalyst gives insight into potential reactive intermediates of this structurally elusive catalyst. Additionally, a highly reactive material, proposed to be a Ir(V,V) μ-oxo species, is formed on electrochemical oxidation of the Ir(IV,V) complex in organic solvents at 1.9 V vs NHE. Spectroelectrochemistry shows reversible conversion between the Ir(IV,V) and proposed Ir(V,V) species without any degradation, highlighting the exceptional oxidation resistance of the 2-(2-pyridinyl)-2-propanolate (pyalk) ligand and robustness of these dimers. The Ir(III,III), Ir(IV,IV) and Ir(IV,V) redox states have been computationally studied both with DFT and multiconfigurational calculations. The calculations support the stability of these complexes and provide further insight into their electronic structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi Bhushan Sinha
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University , 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Dimitar Y Shopov
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University , 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Liam S Sharninghausen
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University , 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Christopher J Stein
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Brandon Q Mercado
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University , 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - David Balcells
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (CTCC), Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo , P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Bondo Pedersen
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (CTCC), Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo , P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Markus Reiher
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gary W Brudvig
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University , 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Robert H Crabtree
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University , 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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38
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39
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Wang J, Huang H, Lu T. Homogeneous Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation by a Rigid Macrocyclic Copper(II) Complex. CHINESE J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201600669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou Guangdong 510275 China
| | - Haihua Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou Guangdong 510275 China
| | - Tongbu Lu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou Guangdong 510275 China
- Institute for New Energy Materials & Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science & Engineering; Tianjin University of Technology; Tianjin 300384 China
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40
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Michaelos TK, Shopov DY, Sinha SB, Sharninghausen LS, Fisher KJ, Lant HMC, Crabtree RH, Brudvig GW. A Pyridine Alkoxide Chelate Ligand That Promotes Both Unusually High Oxidation States and Water-Oxidation Catalysis. Acc Chem Res 2017; 50:952-959. [PMID: 28272869 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Water-oxidation catalysis is a critical bottleneck in the direct generation of solar fuels by artificial photosynthesis. Catalytic oxidation of difficult substrates such as water requires harsh conditions, so the ligand must be designed both to stabilize high oxidation states of the metal center and to strenuously resist ligand degradation. Typical ligand choices either lack sufficient electron donor power or fail to stand up to the oxidizing conditions. Our research on Ir-based water-oxidation catalysts (WOCs) has led us to identify a ligand, 2-(2'-pyridyl)-2-propanoate or "pyalk", that fulfills these requirements. Work with a family of Cp*Ir(chelate)Cl complexes had indicated that the pyalk-containing precursor gave the most robust WOC, which was still molecular in nature but lost the Cp* fragment by oxidative degradation. In trying to characterize the resulting active "blue solution" WOC, we were able to identify a diiridium(IV)-mono-μ-oxo core but were stymied by the extensive geometrical isomerism and coordinative variability. By moving to a family of monomeric complexes [IrIII/IV(pyalk)3] and [IrIII/IV(pyalk)2Cl2], we were able to better understand the original WOC and identify the special properties of the ligand. In this Account, we cover some results using the pyalk ligand and indicate the main features that make it particularly suitable as a ligand for oxidation catalysis. The alkoxide group of pyalk allows for proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) and its strong σ- and π-donor power strongly favors attainment of exceptionally high oxidation states. The aromatic pyridine ring with its methyl-protected benzylic position provides strong binding and degradation resistance during catalytic turnover. Furthermore, the ligand has two additional benefits: broad solubility in aqueous and nonaqueous solvents and an anisotropic ligand field that enhances the geometry-dependent redox properties of its complexes. After discussion of the general properties, we highlight the specific complexes studied in more detail. In the iridium work, the isolated mononuclear complexes showed easily accessible Ir(III/IV) redox couples, in some cases with the Ir(IV) state being indefinitely stable in water. We were able to rationalize the unusual geometry-dependent redox properties of the various isomers on the basis of ligand-field effects. Even more striking was the isolation and full characterization of a stable Rh(IV) state, for which prior examples were very reactive and poorly characterized. Importantly, we were able to convert monomeric Ir complexes to [Cl(pyalk)2IrIV-O-IrIVCl(pyalk)2] derivatives that help model the "blue solution" properties and provide groundwork for rational synthesis of active, well-defined WOCs. More recent work has moved toward the study of first-row transition metal complexes. Manganese-based studies have highlighted the importance of the chelate effect for labile metals, leading to the synthesis of pincer-type pyalk derivatives. Beyond water oxidation, we believe the pyalk ligand and its derivatives will also prove useful in other oxidative transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thoe K. Michaelos
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225
Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Dimitar Y. Shopov
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225
Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Shashi Bhushan Sinha
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225
Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Liam S. Sharninghausen
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225
Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Katherine J. Fisher
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225
Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Hannah M. C. Lant
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225
Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Robert H. Crabtree
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225
Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Gary W. Brudvig
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225
Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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41
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Bullock RM, Das AK, Appel AM. Surface Immobilization of Molecular Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion. Chemistry 2017; 23:7626-7641. [PMID: 28178367 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Electrocatalysts are critically important for a secure energy future, as they facilitate the conversion between electrical and chemical energy. Molecular catalysts offer precise control of structure that enables understanding of structure-reactivity relationships, which can be difficult to achieve with heterogeneous catalysts. Molecular electrocatalysts can be immobilized on surfaces by covalent bonds or through non-covalent interactions. Advantages of surface immobilization include the need for less catalyst, avoidance of bimolecular decomposition pathways, and easier determination of catalyst lifetime. This Minireview highlights surface immobilization of molecular electrocatalysts for reduction of O2 , oxidation of H2 O, production of H2 , and reduction of CO2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- R Morris Bullock
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Atanu K Das
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Aaron M Appel
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
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42
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Funes-Ardoiz I, Garrido-Barros P, Llobet A, Maseras F. Single Electron Transfer Steps in Water Oxidation Catalysis. Redefining the Mechanistic Scenario. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b03253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Funes-Ardoiz
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avgda. Països Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Pablo Garrido-Barros
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avgda. Països Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament
de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus Sescelades, C/Marcel.lí Domingo, s/n, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Antoni Llobet
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avgda. Països Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament
de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Feliu Maseras
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avgda. Països Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament
de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
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Shopov DY, Rudshteyn B, Campos J, Vinyard DJ, Batista VS, Brudvig GW, Crabtree RH. A full set of iridium(iv) pyridine-alkoxide stereoisomers: highly geometry-dependent redox properties. Chem Sci 2017; 8:1642-1652. [PMID: 28451293 PMCID: PMC5364517 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc03758e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We introduce and characterize the complete set of possible isomers of IrIV(pyalk)2Cl2 (pyalk = 2-(pyridin-2-yl)propan-2-oate), providing valuable insights on the properties of Ir(iv) species. The pyridine alkoxide ligand strongly stabilizes high oxidation states, essential to accessing the catalytically relevant Ir(iv) state, and results in robust complexes that can be handled under ambient conditions, even permitting chromatographic separation. The redox properties are isomer-dependent, spanning a 300 mV range, rationalized with ligand-field theory and DFT calculations. The reported complexes exhibit very high kinetic inertness against isomerization, despite highly disparate predicted thermodynamic stabilities, presenting a unique opportunity to study all five possible isomeric complexes with the same ligand set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitar Y Shopov
- Department of Chemistry , Yale University , 225 Prospect St. , New Haven , CT 06520 , United States
| | - Benjamin Rudshteyn
- Department of Chemistry , Yale University , 225 Prospect St. , New Haven , CT 06520 , United States
- Energy Sciences Institute , Yale University , 520 West Campus Dr. , West Haven , CT 06516 , United States
| | - Jesús Campos
- Department of Chemistry , Yale University , 225 Prospect St. , New Haven , CT 06520 , United States
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ) , Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) , Universidad de Sevilla and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) , Avenida Américo Vespucio 49 , 41092 Sevilla , Spain
| | - David J Vinyard
- Department of Chemistry , Yale University , 225 Prospect St. , New Haven , CT 06520 , United States
- Department of Biological Sciences , Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge , LA 70803 , USA
| | - Victor S Batista
- Department of Chemistry , Yale University , 225 Prospect St. , New Haven , CT 06520 , United States
- Energy Sciences Institute , Yale University , 520 West Campus Dr. , West Haven , CT 06516 , United States
| | - Gary W Brudvig
- Department of Chemistry , Yale University , 225 Prospect St. , New Haven , CT 06520 , United States
- Energy Sciences Institute , Yale University , 520 West Campus Dr. , West Haven , CT 06516 , United States
| | - Robert H Crabtree
- Department of Chemistry , Yale University , 225 Prospect St. , New Haven , CT 06520 , United States
- Energy Sciences Institute , Yale University , 520 West Campus Dr. , West Haven , CT 06516 , United States
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Daniel Q, Ambre RB, Zhang B, Philippe B, Chen H, Li F, Fan K, Ahmadi S, Rensmo H, Sun L. Re-Investigation of Cobalt Porphyrin for Electrochemical Water Oxidation on FTO Surface: Formation of CoOx as Active Species. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b01815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Daniel
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ram B. Ambre
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Biaobiao Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bertrand Philippe
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hong Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fusheng Li
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ke Fan
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sareh Ahmadi
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Håkan Rensmo
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Licheng Sun
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, DUT-KTH Joint Education and Research
Center on Molecular Devices, Dalian University of Technology (DUT), 116024 Dalian, China
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45
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Shopov DY, Sharninghausen LS, Sinha SB, Borowski JE, Mercado BQ, Brudvig GW, Crabtree RH. Synthesis of pyridine-alkoxide ligands for formation of polynuclear complexes. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj01845b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel polydentate N,O-donor ligands strongly favour formation of polynuclear complexes.
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46
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Zhang S, Wang H, Li M, Han J, Inagaki S, Liu X. Enhanced durability of an iridium-bipyridine complex embedded into organosilica nanotubes for water oxidation. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:9369-9374. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt02026k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Robust bipyridine-incorporated organosilica nanotubes were used to fabricate heterogeneous iridium-bipyridine catalysts, which showed enhanced durability in the water oxidation reaction, benefiting from the stable nanotube structures as well as the isolated active sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Hua Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Mei Li
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Jinyu Han
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | | | - Xiao Liu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
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47
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Hetterscheid DGH. In operando studies on the electrochemical oxidation of water mediated by molecular catalysts. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:10622-10631. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc04944g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This feature article describes on-line studies regarding the water oxidation reaction mediated by molecular catalysts.
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48
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Wang JW, Hou C, Huang HH, Liu WJ, Ke ZF, Lu TB. Further insight into the electrocatalytic water oxidation by macrocyclic nickel(ii) complexes: the influence of steric effect on catalytic activity. Catal Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cy01527e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Macrocyclic nickel(ii) complexes with axially oriented methyl groups can impose a steric effect on the axial position of the in situ formed NiIII center, which results in higher NiIII/II oxidation potentials and suppresses the axial coordination of phosphate anions with the NiIII center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Wei Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
| | - Cheng Hou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
| | - Hai-Hua Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
| | - Wen-Ju Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
| | - Zhuo-Feng Ke
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
| | - Tong-Bu Lu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
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49
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Sharninghausen LS, Sinha SB, Shopov DY, Choi B, Mercado BQ, Roy X, Balcells D, Brudvig GW, Crabtree RH. High Oxidation State Iridium Mono-μ-oxo Dimers Related to Water Oxidation Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:15917-15926. [PMID: 27960326 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b07716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The highly active iridium "blue solution" chemical and electrochemical water oxidation catalyst obtained from Cp*IrL(OH) precursors (L = 2-pyridyl-2-propanoate) has been difficult to characterize as no crystal structure can be obtained because of the multiplicity of geometrical isomers present. Other data suggest complete loss of the Cp* ligand and the formation of a LIr-O-IrL unit. We have now developed a route to a series of well-defined Ir(IV,IV) mono-μ-oxo dimers, containing the closely related L2Ir-O-IrL2 unit. Unlike the catalyst, these model compounds are separable by silica gel chromatography and readily form single crystals. We report three stereoisomers with the formula ClL2Ir-O-IrL2Cl, which are fully characterized, including by X-ray crystallography, and are compared to the "blue solution". To the best of our knowledge, these species represent the first examples of structurally characterized dinuclear μ-oxo Ir(IV,IV) compounds without metal-carbon bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam S Sharninghausen
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Shashi Bhushan Sinha
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Dimitar Y Shopov
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Bonnie Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University , New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Brandon Q Mercado
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Xavier Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University , New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - David Balcells
- Centre of Excellence in Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo , N-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Gary W Brudvig
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Robert H Crabtree
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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50
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Yuan H, Lunt RR, Thompson JI, Ofoli RY. Electrodeposition of Ni/Ni(OH)2Catalytic Films for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Produced by using Cyclic Voltammetry. ChemElectroChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201600572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yuan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Michigan State University, 2100 Engineering Building; 428 S. Shaw Lane East Lansing MI 48824 USA
| | - Richard R. Lunt
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Michigan State University, 2100 Engineering Building; 428 S. Shaw Lane East Lansing MI 48824 USA
| | - Joseph I. Thompson
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Michigan State University, 2100 Engineering Building; 428 S. Shaw Lane East Lansing MI 48824 USA
| | - Robert Y. Ofoli
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Michigan State University, 2100 Engineering Building; 428 S. Shaw Lane East Lansing MI 48824 USA
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