1
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Hess SN, Fürstner A. An Efficient and Scalable "Second Generation" Total Synthesis of the Marine Polyketide Limaol Endowed with Antiparasitic Activity. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401429. [PMID: 38716817 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The cluster of four skipped exo-methylene substituents on the "northern" wing of limaol renders this dinoflagellate-derived marine natural product unique in structural terms. This arguably non-thermodynamic array gains kinetic stability by virtue of populating local conformations which impede isomerization to a partly or fully conjugated polyene. This analysis suggested that the difficulties encountered during the late stages of our first total synthesis of this polyketide had not been caused by an overly fragile character of this unusual substructure; rather, an unfavorable steric microenvironment about the spirotricyclic core was identified as the likely cause. To remedy the issue, the protecting groups on this central fragment were changed; in effect, this amendment allowed all strategic and practical problems to be addressed. As a result, the overall yield over the longest linear sequence was multiplied by a factor of almost five and the material throughput increased more than eighty-fold per run. Key-to-success was a gold-catalyzed spirocyclization reaction; the reasons why a Brønsted acid cocatalyst is needed and the origin of the excellent levels of selectivity were delineated. The change of the protecting groups also allowed for much improved fragment coupling processes; most notably, the sequence of a substrate-controlled carbonyl addition reaction followed by Mitsunobu inversion that had originally been necessary to affix the southern tail to the core could be replaced by a reagent controlled asymmetric allylation. Finally, a much-improved route to the "northern" sector was established by leveraging the power of asymmetric hydrogenation of a 2-pyrone derivative. Limaol was found to combine appreciable antiparasitic activity with very modest cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan N Hess
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470, Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470, Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
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2
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Isak D, Schwartz LA, Schulthoff S, Pérez-Moreno G, Bosch-Navarrete C, González-Pacanowska D, Fürstner A. Collective and Diverted Total Synthesis of the Strasseriolides: A Family of Macrolides Endowed with Potent Antiplasmodial and Antitrypanosomal Activity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202408725. [PMID: 38864359 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202408725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
The strasseriolide macrolides show promising in vitro and in vivo activities against P. falciparum and T. cruzi, the parasites causing malaria and Chagas disease, respectively. However, the as yet poor understanding of structure/activity relationships and the fact that one family member proved systemically toxic for unknown reasons render a more detailed assessment of these potential lead compounds difficult. To help overcome these issues, a collective total synthesis was devised. The key steps consisted of a ring closing alkyne metathesis (RCAM) reaction to forge a common macrocyclic intermediate followed by a hydroxy-directed ruthenium catalyzed trans-hydrostannation of the propargyl alcohol site thus formed. The resulting alkenyltin derivative served as the central node of the synthesis blueprint, which could be elaborated into the natural products themselves as well as into a set of non-natural analogues according to the concept of diverted total synthesis. The recorded biological data confirmed the potency of the compounds and showed the lack of any noticeable cytotoxicity. The "northern" allylic alcohol subunit was recognized as an integral part of the pharmacophore, yet it provides opportunities for chemical modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Isak
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470, Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Leyah A Schwartz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470, Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Saskia Schulthoff
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470, Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Guiomar Pérez-Moreno
- Instituto de Parasitologia y Biomedicina "López-Neyra", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida del Conocimiento 17 18016, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina Bosch-Navarrete
- Instituto de Parasitologia y Biomedicina "López-Neyra", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida del Conocimiento 17 18016, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Dolores González-Pacanowska
- Instituto de Parasitologia y Biomedicina "López-Neyra", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida del Conocimiento 17 18016, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470, Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
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3
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Rütter D, van Gastel M, Leutzsch M, Nöthling N, SantaLucia D, Neese F, Fürstner A. Molybdenum(VI) Nitrido Complexes with Tripodal Silanolate Ligands. Structure and Electronic Character of an Unsymmetrical Dimolybdenum μ-Nitrido Complex Formed by Incomplete Nitrogen Atom Transfer. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:8376-8389. [PMID: 38663089 PMCID: PMC11080062 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
In contrast to a tungsten nitrido complex endowed with a tripodal silanolate ligand framework, which was reported in the literature to be a dimeric species with a metallacyclic core, the corresponding molybdenum nitrides 3 are monomeric entities comprising a regular terminal nitride unit, as proven by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD). Their electronic character is largely determined by the constraints imposed on the metal center by the podand ligand architecture. 95Mo nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and, to a lesser extent, 14N NMR spectroscopy allow these effects to be studied, which become particularly apparent upon comparison with the spectral data of related molybdenum nitrides comprising unrestrained silanolate, alkoxide, or amide ligands. Attempted nitrogen atom transfer from these novel terminal nitrides to [(tBuArN)3Mo] (Ar = 3,5-dimethylphenyl) as the potential acceptor stopped at the stage of unsymmetric dimolybdenum μ-nitrido complex 13a as the first intermediate along the reaction pathway. SC-XRD, NMR, electron paramagnetic resonance, and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy as well as magnetometry in combination with density functional theory allowed a clear picture of the geometric and electronic structure of this mixed-valent species to be drawn. 13a is formally best described as an adduct of the type [(Mo[O])+III-(μN)-III-(Mo[N])+VI], S = 1/2 complex with (Mo[O])+III in the low-spin configuration, whereas related complexes such as [(AdS)3Mo-(μN)-Mo(NtBuAr)3] (19; Ad = 1-adamantyl) have previously been regarded in the literature as mixed-valent Mo+IV/Mo+V species. The spin population at the two Mo centers is uneven and notably larger at the more reduced Mo[O] atom, whereas the only spin present at the (μN) bridge is derived from spin polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rütter
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | | | - Markus Leutzsch
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Nils Nöthling
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Daniel SantaLucia
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Chemische Energiekonversion, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Frank Neese
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
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4
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Zhang H, Xie F, Yuan XY, Dai XT, Tian YF, Sun MM, Yu SQ, Cai JY, Sun B, Zhang WC, Shan CL. Discovery of a nitroaromatic nannocystin with potent in vivo anticancer activity against colorectal cancer by targeting AKT1. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:1044-1059. [PMID: 38326625 PMCID: PMC11053100 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-024-01231-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of targeted chemotherapeutic agents against colorectal cancer (CRC), one of the most common cancers with a high mortality rate, is in a constant need. Nannocystins are a family of myxobacterial secondary metabolites featuring a 21-membered depsipeptide ring. The in vitro anti-CRC activity of natural and synthetic nannocystins was well documented, but little is known about their in vivo efficacy and if positive, the underlying mechanism of action. In this study we synthesized a nitroaromatic nannocystin through improved preparation of a key fragment, and characterized its in vitro activity and in vivo efficacy against CRC. We first described the total synthesis of compounds 2-4 featuring Heck macrocyclization to forge their 21-membered macrocycle. In a panel of 7 cancer cell lines from different tissues, compound 4 inhibited the cell viability with IC values of 1-6 nM. In particular, compound 4 (1, 2, 4 nM) inhibited the proliferation of CRC cell lines (HCT8, HCT116 and LoVo) in both concentration and time dependent manners. Furthermore, compound 4 concentration-dependently inhibited the colony formation and migration of CRC cell lines. Moreover, compound 4 induced cell cycle arrest at sub-G1 phase, apoptosis and cellular senescence in CRC cell lines. In three patient-derived CRC organoids, compound 4 inhibited the PDO with IC values of 3.68, 28.93 and 11.81 nM, respectively. In a patient-derived xenograft mouse model, injection of compound 4 (4, 8 mg/kg, i.p.) every other day for 12 times dose-dependently inhibited the tumor growth without significant change in body weight. We conducted RNA-sequencing, molecular docking and cellular thermal shift assay to elucidate the anti-CRC mechanisms of compound 4, and revealed that it exerted its anti-CRC effect at least in part by targeting AKT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300353, China
| | - Fei Xie
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300353, China
| | - Xiao-Ya Yuan
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300353, China
| | - Xin-Tong Dai
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300353, China
| | - Yun-Feng Tian
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300353, China
| | - Ming-Ming Sun
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300353, China
| | - Si-Qi Yu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300353, China
| | - Jia-You Cai
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300353, China
| | - Bin Sun
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300353, China
| | - Wei-Cheng Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300353, China.
| | - Chang-Liang Shan
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300353, China.
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5
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Sutro JL, Fürstner A. Total Synthesis of the Allenic Macrolide (+)-Archangiumide. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:2345-2350. [PMID: 38241031 PMCID: PMC10835656 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Archangiumide is the first known macrolide natural product comprising an endocyclic allene. For the ring strain that this linear substructure might entail, it was planned to unveil the allene at a very late stage of the projected total synthesis; in actual fact, this was achieved as the last step of the longest linear sequence by using an otherwise globally deprotected substrate. This unconventional timing was made possible by a gold catalyzed rearrangement of a macrocyclic propargyl benzyl ether derivative that uses a -PMB group as latent hydride source to unveil the signature cycloallene; the protecting group therefore gains a strategic role beyond its mere safeguarding function. Although the gold catalyzed reaction per se is stereoablative, the macrocyclic frame of the target was found to impose high selectivity and a stereoconvergent character on the transformation. The required substrate was formed by ring closing alkyne metathesis (RCAM) with the aid of a new air-stable molybdenum alkylidyne catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack L. Sutro
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
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6
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Abonia R, Insuasty D, Laali KK. Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Propargyl Derivatives, and Their Application as Synthetic Intermediates and Building Blocks. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083379. [PMID: 37110613 PMCID: PMC10146578 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The propargyl group is a highly versatile moiety whose introduction into small-molecule building blocks opens up new synthetic pathways for further elaboration. The last decade has witnessed remarkable progress in both the synthesis of propargylation agents and their application in the synthesis and functionalization of more elaborate/complex building blocks and intermediates. The goal of this review is to highlight these exciting advances and to underscore their impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Abonia
- Research Group of Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, Universidad del Valle, Cali A.A. 25360, Colombia
| | - Daniel Insuasty
- Grupo de Investigación en Química y Biología, Departamento de Química y Biología, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla 081007, Atlántico, Colombia
| | - Kenneth K Laali
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Florida, 1 UNF Drive, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
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7
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Zachmann R, Yahata K, Holzheimer M, Jarret M, Wirtz C, Fürstner A. Total Syntheses of Nominal and Actual Prorocentin. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:2584-2595. [PMID: 36652728 PMCID: PMC9896551 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The dinoflagellate-derived polyether prorocentin is a co-metabolite of the archetypical serine/threonine phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid. Whereas a structural relationship cannot be missed and a biosynthetic link was proposed, it is currently unknown whether there is any parallel in the bioactivity profile of these natural products. However, it was insinuated in the past that the structure assigned to prorocentin might need to be revised. Indeed, re-examination of the published spectra cast doubts as to the constitution of the fused/spirotricyclic BCD-ring system in the core. To clarify this issue, a flexible synthesis blueprint was devised that allowed us to obtain the originally proposed structure as well as the most plausible amended structure. The key to success was late-stage gold-catalyzed spirocyclization reactions that furnished the isomeric central segments with excellent selectivity. The lexicon of catalytic transformations used to make the required cyclization precursors comprised a titanium-mediated ester methylenation/metathesis cascade, a rare example of a gold-catalyzed allylic substitution, and chain extensions via organocatalytic asymmetric aldehyde propargylation. A wing sector to be attached to the isomeric cores was obtained by Krische allylation, followed by a superbly selective cobalt-catalyzed oxidative cyclization of the resulting di-unsaturated alcohol with the formation of a 2,5-trans-disubstituted tetrahydrofuran; the remaining terminal alkene was elaborated into an appropriate handle for fragment coupling by platinum-catalyzed asymmetric diboration/oxidation. The assembly of the different building blocks to the envisaged isomeric target compounds proved that the structure of prorocentin needs to be revised as disclosed herein.
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8
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Lu D, Yang X, Guan W, Yin SF, Kambe N, Qiu R. Copper-Catalyzed Regioselective Iodoformylation of Terminal Alkynes to Access Versatile Electrophiles ( E)-β-Iodo-α,β-Unsaturated Aldehydes. Org Lett 2022; 24:6993-6998. [PMID: 36122178 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we describe a method for synthesizing (E)-β-iodo-α,β-unsaturated aldehydes via the iodoformylation of terminal alkynes with TMSCF3 and NaI. This synthetic method uses inexpensive and easy-to-handle chemical feedstocks and employs a commercially available CuI catalyst. It can transform a broad range of terminal alkynes into bis-electrophile (E)-β-iodo-α,β-unsaturated aldehydes with excellent chemoselectivity, regioselectivity, and stereoselectivity. Moreover, it was demonstrated that this protocol has abundant organic reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Xiaogang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Wenjian Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Shuang-Feng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Nobuaki Kambe
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China.,Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Renhua Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
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9
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Abstract
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The marine natural
product scabrolide A was obtained by isomerization
of the vinylogous 1,4-diketone entity of nominal scabrolide B as the
purported pivot point of the biosynthesis of these polycyclic norcembranoids.
Despite the success of this maneuver, the latter compound itself turned
out not to be identical with the natural product of that name. The
key steps en route to the carbocyclic core of these targets were a
[2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement of an allylic sulfur ylide to forge
the overcrowded C12–C13 bond, an RCM reaction to close the
congested central six-membered ring, and a hydroxy-directed epoxidation/epoxide
opening/isomerization sequence to set the “umpoled”
1,4-dicarbonyl motif and the correct angular configuration at C12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanchao Meng
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
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10
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Späth G, Fürstner A. Total Synthesis of Mycinamicin IV as Integral Part of a Collective Approach to Macrolide Antibiotics. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202104400. [PMID: 34910333 PMCID: PMC9305142 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The total synthesis of the 16‐membered macrolide mycinamicin IV is outlined, which complements our previously disclosed, largely catalysis‐based route to the aglycone. This work must also be seen in the context of our recent conquest of aldgamycin N, a related antibiotic featuring a similar core but a distinctly different functionalization pattern. Taken together, these projects prove that the underlying blueprint is integrative and hence qualifies for a collective approach to this prominent class of natural products. In both cases, the final glycosylation phase mandated close attention and was accomplished only after robust de novo syntheses of the (di)deoxy sugars of the desosamine, chalcose, mycinose and aldgarose types had been established. Systematic screening of the glycosidation promoter was also critically important for success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Späth
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Organometallic Chemistry, 45470, Mülheim/Ruhr, GERMANY
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut fur Kohlenforschung, Organometallic Chemistry, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim/Ruhr, GERMANY
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11
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Abstract
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For numerous enabling features and strategic virtues, contemporary
alkyne metathesis is increasingly recognized as a formidable synthetic
tool. Central to this development was the remarkable evolution of
the catalysts during the past decades. Molybdenum alkylidynes carrying
(tripodal) silanolate ligands currently set the standards; their functional
group compatibility is exceptional, even though they comprise an early
transition metal in its highest oxidation state. Their performance
is manifested in case studies in the realm of dynamic covalent chemistry,
advanced applications to solid-phase synthesis, a revival of transannular
reactions, and the assembly of complex target molecules at sites,
which one may not intuitively trace back to an acetylenic ancestor.
In parallel with these innovations in material science and organic
synthesis, new insights into the mode of action of the most advanced
catalysts were gained by computational means and the use of unconventional
analytical tools such as 95Mo and 183W NMR spectroscopy.
The remaining shortcomings, gaps, and desiderata in the field are
also critically assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
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12
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Siu YM, Roane J, Krische MJ. Total Synthesis of Leiodermatolide A via Transfer Hydrogenative Allylation, Crotylation, and Propargylation: Polyketide Construction beyond Discrete Allyl- or Allenylmetal Reagents. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:10590-10595. [PMID: 34237219 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c06062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The total synthesis of leiodermatolide A was accomplished in 13 steps (LLS). Transfer hydrogenative variants of three carbonyl additions that traditionally rely on premetalated reagents (allylation, crotylation, and propargylation) are deployed together in one total synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuk-Ming Siu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - James Roane
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Michael J Krische
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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13
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Lam NYS, Stockdale TP, Anketell MJ, Paterson I. Conquering peaks and illuminating depths: developing stereocontrolled organic reactions to unlock nature's macrolide treasure trove. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:3171-3189. [PMID: 33666631 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00442e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The structural complexity and biological importance of macrolide natural products has inspired the development of innovative strategies for their chemical synthesis. With their dense stereochemical content, high level of oxygenation and macrocyclic cores, we viewed the efficient total synthesis of these valuable compounds as an aspirational driver towards developing robust methods and strategies for their construction. Starting out from the initial development of our versatile asymmetric aldol methodology, this personal perspective reflects on an adventurous journey, with all its trials, tribulations and serendipitous discoveries, across the total synthesis, in our group, of a representative selection of six macrolide natural products of marine and terrestrial origin - swinholide A, spongistatin 1, spirastrellolide A, leiodermatolide, chivosazole F and actinoallolide A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Y S Lam
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
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14
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Mi J, Huo S, Zeng Y, Meng L, Li X. Control of the Regioselectivity of Alkyne Hydrostannylation by Tuning the Metal Pair of Heterobimetallic Catalysts: A Theoretical Study. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- JinHui Mi
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Key Laboratory of Inorganic and Nano-Materials, Hebei Normal University, Road East of 2nd Ring South, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
- National Experimental Chemistry Teaching Center, Hebei Normal University, Road East of 2nd Ring South, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Suhong Huo
- School of Safety Supervision, North China Institute of Science and Technology, Langfang 065201, P. R. China
| | - Yanli Zeng
- National Experimental Chemistry Teaching Center, Hebei Normal University, Road East of 2nd Ring South, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Lingpeng Meng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Key Laboratory of Inorganic and Nano-Materials, Hebei Normal University, Road East of 2nd Ring South, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Key Laboratory of Inorganic and Nano-Materials, Hebei Normal University, Road East of 2nd Ring South, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
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15
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Abstract
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A nonthermodynamic array of four skipped methylene substituents on the hydrophobic tail
renders limaol, a C40-polyketide of marine origin, unique in structural terms. This
conspicuous segment was assembled by a two-directional approach and finally coupled to
the polyether domain by an allyl/alkenyl Stille reaction under neutral conditions. The
core region itself was prepared via a 3,3′-dibromo-BINOL-catalyzed asymmetric
propargylation, a gold-catalyzed spirocyclization, and introduction of the southern
sector via substrate-controlled allylation as the key steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan N Hess
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Xiaobin Mo
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Conny Wirtz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
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16
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Schulthoff S, Hamilton JY, Heinrich M, Kwon Y, Wirtz C, Fürstner A. The Formosalides: Structure Determination by Total Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:446-454. [PMID: 32946141 PMCID: PMC7821135 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Total synthesis allowed the constitution of the cytotoxic marine macrolides of the formosalide family to be confirmed and their previously unknown stereostructure to be assigned with confidence. The underlying blueprint was inherently modular to ensure that each conceivable isomer could be reached. This flexibility derived from the use of strictly catalyst controlled transformations to set the stereocenters, except for the anomeric position, which is under thermodynamic control; as an extra safety measure, all stereogenic centers were set prior to ring closure to preclude any interference of the conformation adopted by the macrolactone rings of the different diastereomers. Late-stage macrocyclization by ring-closing alkyne metathesis was followed by a platinum-catalyzed transannular 6-exo-dig hydroalkoxylation/ketalization to craft the polycyclic frame. The side chain featuring a very labile unsaturation pattern was finally attached to the core by Stille coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marc Heinrich
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung45470Mülheim/RuhrGermany
| | - Yonghoon Kwon
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung45470Mülheim/RuhrGermany
| | - Conny Wirtz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung45470Mülheim/RuhrGermany
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung45470Mülheim/RuhrGermany
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17
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Schulthoff S, Hamilton JY, Heinrich M, Kwon Y, Wirtz C, Fürstner A. The Formosalides: Structure Determination by Total Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marc Heinrich
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
| | - Yonghoon Kwon
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
| | - Conny Wirtz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
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18
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Frydrych M, Sztorch B, Brząkalski D, Pakuła D, Frąckowiak D, Majchrzak M, Marciniec B. New Functionalized Borasilsesquioxanes Obtained via Metathetical Transformation of 4‐Vinylphenylborasilsesquioxanes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miłosz Frydrych
- Faculty of Chemistry Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8 61‐614 Poznań Poland
| | - Bogna Sztorch
- Centre for Advanced Technologies Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10 61‐614 Poznań Poland
| | - Dariusz Brząkalski
- Faculty of Chemistry Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8 61‐614 Poznań Poland
| | - Daria Pakuła
- Faculty of Chemistry Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8 61‐614 Poznań Poland
| | - Dawid Frąckowiak
- Centre for Advanced Technologies Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10 61‐614 Poznań Poland
| | - Mariusz Majchrzak
- Faculty of Chemistry Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8 61‐614 Poznań Poland
| | - Bogdan Marciniec
- Faculty of Chemistry Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8 61‐614 Poznań Poland
- Centre for Advanced Technologies Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10 61‐614 Poznań Poland
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19
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Hubert P, Seibel E, Beemelmanns C, Campagne J, Figueiredo RM. Stereoselective Construction of (
E,Z
)‐1,3‐Dienes and Its Application in Natural Product Synthesis. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Hubert
- ICGM Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM Montpellier France
| | - Elena Seibel
- Hans-Knöll-Institute (HKI) Beutenbergstrasse 11a 07745 Jena Germany
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20
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Kelly AM, Chen PJ, Klubnick J, Blair DJ, Burke MD. A Mild Method for Making MIDA Boronates. Org Lett 2020; 22:9408-9414. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aidan M. Kelly
- Roger Adams Laboratory, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 S, Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Peng-Jui Chen
- Roger Adams Laboratory, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 S, Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jenna Klubnick
- Roger Adams Laboratory, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 S, Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Daniel J. Blair
- Roger Adams Laboratory, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 S, Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Martin D. Burke
- Roger Adams Laboratory, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 S, Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, 807 South Wright Street, Urbana, Illinois 61820, United States
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Dr., Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 405 North Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 S Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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21
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Hillenbrand J, Leutzsch M, Yiannakas E, Gordon CP, Wille C, Nöthling N, Copéret C, Fürstner A. "Canopy Catalysts" for Alkyne Metathesis: Molybdenum Alkylidyne Complexes with a Tripodal Ligand Framework. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:11279-11294. [PMID: 32463684 PMCID: PMC7322728 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c04742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
![]()
A new family of structurally well-defined
molybdenum alkylidyne
catalysts for alkyne metathesis, which is distinguished by a tripodal
trisilanolate ligand architecture, is presented. Complexes of type 1 combine the virtues of previous generations of silanolate-based
catalysts with a significantly improved functional group tolerance.
They are easy to prepare on scale; the modularity of the ligand synthesis
allows the steric and electronic properties to be fine-tuned and hence
the application profile of the catalysts to be optimized. This opportunity
is manifested in the development of catalyst 1f, which
is as reactive as the best ancestors but exhibits an unrivaled scope.
The new catalysts work well in the presence of unprotected alcohols
and various other protic groups. The chelate effect entails even a
certain stability toward water, which marks a big leap forward in
metal alkylidyne chemistry in general. At the same time, they tolerate
many donor sites, including basic nitrogen and numerous heterocycles.
This aspect is substantiated by applications to polyfunctional (natural)
products. A combined spectroscopic, crystallographic, and computational
study provides insights into structure and electronic character of
complexes of type 1. Particularly informative are a density
functional theory (DFT)-based chemical shift tensor analysis of the
alkylidyne carbon atom and 95Mo NMR spectroscopy; this
analytical tool had been rarely used in organometallic chemistry before
but turns out to be a sensitive probe that deserves more attention.
The data show that the podand ligands render a Mo-alkylidyne a priori
more electrophilic than analogous monodentate triarylsilanols; proper
ligand tuning, however, allows the Lewis acidity as well as the steric
demand about the central atom to be adjusted to the point that excellent
performance of the catalyst is ensured.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Markus Leutzsch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Ektoras Yiannakas
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Christopher P Gordon
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Wille
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Nils Nöthling
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Christophe Copéret
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
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22
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Heinrich M, Murphy JJ, Ilg MK, Letort A, Flasz JT, Philipps P, Fürstner A. Chagosensine: A Riddle Wrapped in a Mystery Inside an Enigma. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:6409-6422. [PMID: 32142305 PMCID: PMC7307910 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The marine macrolide chagosensine is supposedly distinguished by a (Z,Z)-configured 1,3-chlorodiene contained within a highly strained 16-membered lactone ring, which also incorporates two trans-2,5-disubstituted tetrahydrofuran (THF) rings; this array is unique. After our initial synthesis campaign had shown that the originally proposed structure is incorrect, the published data set was critically revisited to identify potential mis-assignments. The "northern" THF ring and the anti-configured diol in the "southern" sector both seemed to be sites of concern, thus making it plausible that a panel of eight diastereomeric chagosensine-like compounds would allow the puzzle to be solved. To meet the challenge, the preparation of the required building blocks was optimized, and a convergent strategy for their assembly was developed. A key role was played by the cobalt-catalyzed oxidative cyclization of alken-5-ol derivatives ("Mukaiyama cyclization"), which is shown to be exquisitely chemoselective for terminal alkenes, leaving even terminal alkynes (and other sites of unsaturation) untouched. Likewise, a palladium-catalyzed alkyne alkoxycarbonylation reaction with formation of an α-methylene-γ-lactone proved instrumental, which had not found application in natural product synthesis before. Further enabling steps were a nickel-catalyzed "Tamaru-type" homocrotylation, stereodivergent aldehyde homologations, radical hydroindation, and palladium-catalyzed alkyne-1,2-bis-stannation. The different building blocks were assembled in a serial fashion to give the idiosyncratic chlorodienes by an unprecedented site-selective Stille coupling followed by copper-mediated tin/chlorine exchange. The macrolactones were closed under forcing Yamaguchi conditions, and the resulting products were elaborated into the targeted compound library. Yet, only one of the eight diastereomers turned out to be stable in the solvent mixture that had been used to analyze the natural product; all other isomers were prone to ring opening and/or ring expansion. In addition to this stability issue, our self-consistent data set suggests that chagosensine has almost certainly little to do with the structure originally proposed by the isolation team.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marina K. Ilg
- Max-Planck-Institut für
Kohlenforschung, D-45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Aurélien Letort
- Max-Planck-Institut für
Kohlenforschung, D-45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Jakub T. Flasz
- Max-Planck-Institut für
Kohlenforschung, D-45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Petra Philipps
- Max-Planck-Institut für
Kohlenforschung, D-45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für
Kohlenforschung, D-45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
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23
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Saptal VB, Wang R, Park S. Recent advances in transition metal-free catalytic hydroelementation (E = B, Si, Ge, and Sn) of alkynes. RSC Adv 2020; 10:43539-43565. [PMID: 35519696 PMCID: PMC9058465 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07768b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This review describes the recent advances in the transition metal-free hydroelementation of alkynes with various metalloid hydrides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitthal B. Saptal
- Department of Chemistry
- Guangdong Technion Israel Institute of Technology
- China
| | - Ruibin Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Guangdong Technion Israel Institute of Technology
- China
| | - Sehoon Park
- Department of Chemistry
- Guangdong Technion Israel Institute of Technology
- China
- Technion-Israel Institute of Technology
- 32000 Haifa
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24
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Kalay E, Cetin S, Kolemen S, Metin Ö. A facile synthesis of mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride supported palladium nanoparticles as highly effective and reusable catalysts for Stille coupling reactions under mild conditions. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj00546k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports a facile one-pot synthesis of mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride (mpg-CN) supported Pd NPs, denoted as mpg-CN/Pd, as highly efficient catalysts for Stille C–C coupling reactions under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erbay Kalay
- Deparment of Chemistry
- College of Sciences
- Koç University
- 34450 Istanbul
- Turkey
| | - Sultan Cetin
- Deparment of Chemistry
- College of Sciences
- Koç University
- 34450 Istanbul
- Turkey
| | - Safacan Kolemen
- Deparment of Chemistry
- College of Sciences
- Koç University
- 34450 Istanbul
- Turkey
| | - Önder Metin
- Deparment of Chemistry
- College of Sciences
- Koç University
- 34450 Istanbul
- Turkey
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25
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26
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Kayumov M, Zhao J, Mirzaakhmedov S, Wang D, Zhang A. Synthesis of Arylstannanes via Palladium‐Catalyzed Decarbonylative Coupling of Aroyl Fluorides. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Muzaffar Kayumov
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM)Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 People's Republic of China
| | - Jian‐Nan Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM)Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 People's Republic of China
- School of Life Science and TechnologyShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 People's Republic of China
| | - Sharafitdin Mirzaakhmedov
- Institute of Bioorganic chemistryAcademy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan Tashkent 100125 Uzbekistan
| | - Dong‐Yu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM)Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 People's Republic of China
| | - Ao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM)Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 People's Republic of China
- School of Life Science and TechnologyShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 People's Republic of China
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27
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Hernandez LW, Sarlah D. Empowering Synthesis of Complex Natural Products. Chemistry 2019; 25:13248-13270. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas W. Hernandez
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 600 South Mathews Avenue 270 RAL, Box 107-5 Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - David Sarlah
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 600 South Mathews Avenue 270 RAL, Box 107-5 Urbana IL 61801 USA
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28
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Sakamoto K, Hakamata A, Iwasaki A, Suenaga K, Tsuda M, Fuwa H. Total Synthesis, Stereochemical Revision, and Biological Assessment of Iriomoteolide-2a. Chemistry 2019; 25:8528-8542. [PMID: 30882926 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Iriomoteolide-2a is a marine macrolide metabolite isolated from a cultured broth of the benthic dinoflagellate Amphidinium sp. HYA024 strain. This naturally occurring substance was reported to show remarkable cytotoxic activity against human cancer cell lines HeLa and DG-75 and in vivo antitumor activity against murine leukemia P388 cell line. Herein, the total synthesis, stereochemical revision, and biological assessment of iriomoteolide-2a are reported in detail. Total synthesis of the proposed structure 1 of iriomoteolide-2a featured a late-stage convergent assembly of three components by a Suzuki-Miyaura coupling, an esterification, and a ring-closing metathesis. However, the NMR data of synthetic 1 were not identical to those of the natural product. Careful analysis of the NMR data of the authentic material and synthesis/NMR analysis of appropriately designed model compounds led to consideration of four possible stereoisomers 2-5 as candidates for the correct structure. Accordingly, total syntheses of 2-5 were achieved by taking advantage of the convergent strategy, and comparison of the NMR spectra of synthetic 2-5 with those of the natural product led to the conclusion that 5 shows the correct relative configuration of iriomoteolide-2a. The absolute configuration of this natural product was finally established through chiral HPLC analysis of synthetic 5/ent-5 with the authentic sample. The antiproliferative activity of the synthetic compounds was assessed against HeLa and A549 cells to show that, in contrast to expectation, synthetic 5 and ent-5 were only marginally active in these cell lines. This work clearly underscores the vital role of total synthesis in the establishment of the structure and biological activity of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Sakamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8551, Japan.,Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hakamata
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Arihiro Iwasaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Kiyotake Suenaga
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Masashi Tsuda
- Center for Advanced Marine Core Research and Department of, Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8502, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Fuwa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8551, Japan
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29
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Wang X, Wang Z, Liu L, Asanuma Y, Nishihara Y. Nickel-Catalyzed Decarbonylative Stannylation of Acyl Fluorides under Ligand-Free Conditions. Molecules 2019; 24:E1671. [PMID: 31035405 PMCID: PMC6539589 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nickel-catalyzed decarbonylative stannylation of acyl fluorides under ligand-free conditions was disclosed. A variety of aromatic acyl fluorides are capable of reacting with silylstannanes in the presence of cesium fluoride. A one-pot decarbonylative stannylation/Migita-Kosugi-Stille reaction of benzoyl fluoride, giving rise to the direct formation of the corresponding cross-coupled products, further demonstrated the synthetic utility of the present method. This newly developed methodology with a good functional-group compatibility via C-F bond cleavage and C-Sn bond formation under nickel catalysis opens a new area for the functionalization of acyl fluorides in terms of carbon-heteroatom bond formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Wang
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Li Liu
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Yuya Asanuma
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Yasushi Nishihara
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
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30
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31
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Meng Z, Fürstner A. Total Synthesis of (−)-Sinulariadiolide. A Transannular Approach. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 141:805-809. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b12185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanchao Meng
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
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32
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Wölfl B, Mata G, Fürstner A. Total Synthesis of Callyspongiolide, Part 2: The Ynoate Metathesis/
cis
‐Reduction Strategy. Chemistry 2018; 25:255-259. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Wölfl
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
| | - Guillaume Mata
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
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33
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Mata G, Wölfl B, Fürstner A. Synthesis and Molecular Editing of Callyspongiolide, Part 1: The Alkyne Metathesis/
trans
‐Reduction Strategy. Chemistry 2018; 25:246-254. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Mata
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
| | - Bernhard Wölfl
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
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34
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Karier P, Ungeheuer F, Ahlers A, Anderl F, Wille C, Fürstner A. Metathesis at an Implausible Site: A Formal Total Synthesis of Rhizoxin D. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 58:248-253. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201812096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pol Karier
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
| | - Felix Ungeheuer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
| | - Andreas Ahlers
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
| | - Felix Anderl
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
| | - Christian Wille
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
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35
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Karier P, Ungeheuer F, Ahlers A, Anderl F, Wille C, Fürstner A. Metathesis at an Implausible Site: A Formal Total Synthesis of Rhizoxin D. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201812096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pol Karier
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
| | - Felix Ungeheuer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
| | - Andreas Ahlers
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
| | - Felix Anderl
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
| | - Christian Wille
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
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36
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Fürstner A. trans-Hydrogenation, gem-Hydrogenation, and trans-Hydrometalation of Alkynes: An Interim Report on an Unorthodox Reactivity Paradigm. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 141:11-24. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b09782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, D-45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
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37
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Lian C, Yue G, Zhang H, Wei L, Liu D, Liu S, Fang H, Qiu D. Synthesis of arylstannanes by palladium-catalyzed desulfitative coupling reaction of sodium arylsulfinates with distannanes. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.09.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Heinrich M, Murphy JJ, Ilg MK, Letort A, Flasz J, Philipps P, Fürstner A. Total Synthesis of Putative Chagosensine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:13575-13581. [PMID: 30152031 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201808937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The marine macrolide chagosensine is the only natural product known to date that embodies a Z,Z-configured chloro-1,3-diene unit. This distinguishing substructure was prepared by a sequence of palladium-catalyzed 1,2-distannation of an alkyne precursor, regioselective Stille cross-coupling at the terminus of the resulting bisstannyl alkene with an elaborated alkenyl iodide, followed by chloro-destannation of the remaining internal site. The preparation of the required substrates centered on cobalt-catalyzed oxidative cyclization reactions of hydroxylated olefin precursors, which allowed the 2,5-trans-disubstituted tetrahydrofuran rings, embedded into each building block, to be formed with excellent selectivity. The highly strained macrolactone could ultimately be closed under forcing Yamaguchi conditions. Comparison of the spectral data of the synthetic sample with those of authentic chagosensine methyl ester confirmed that the structure of this intriguing compound has been mis-assigned by the isolation team.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Heinrich
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470, Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - John J Murphy
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470, Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Marina K Ilg
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470, Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Aurélien Letort
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470, Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Jakub Flasz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470, Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Petra Philipps
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470, Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470, Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
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40
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Zhuo CX, Fürstner A. Catalysis-Based Total Syntheses of Pateamine A and DMDA-Pat A. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:10514-10523. [PMID: 30056701 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b05094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The marine natural product pateamine A (1) and its somewhat simplified designer analogue DMDA-Pat A (2) (DMDA = desmethyl-desamino) are potently cytotoxic compounds; most notably, 2 had previously been found to exhibit a promising differential in vivo activity in xenograft melanoma models, even though the ubiquitous eukaryotic initiation factor 4A (eIF4A) constitutes its primary biological target. In addition, 1 had also been identified as a possible lead in the quest for medication against cachexia, an often lethal muscle wasting syndrome affecting many immunocompromised or cancer patients. The short supply of these macrodiolides, however, rendered a more detailed biological assessment difficult. Therefore, a new synthetic approach to 1 and 2 has been devised, which centers on an unorthodox strategy for the formation of the highly isomerization-prone but essential Z, E-configured dienoate substructure embedded into the macrocyclic core. This motif was encoded in the form of a 2-pyrone ring and unveiled only immediately before macrocyclization by an unconventional iron-catalyzed ring opening/cross-coupling reaction, in which the enol ester entity of the pyrone gains the role of a leaving group. Since the required precursor was readily available by gold catalysis, this strategy rendered the overall sequence short, robust, and scalable. A surprisingly easy protecting group management together with a much improved end game for the formation of the trienyl side chain via a modern Stille coupling protocol also helped to make the chosen route practical. Change of a single building block allowed the synthesis to be redirected from the natural lead compound 1 toward its almost equipotent analogue 2. Isolation and reactivity profiling of pyrone tricarbonyliron complexes provide mechanistic information as well as insights into the likely origins of the observed chemoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Xiang Zhuo
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung , D-45470 Mülheim/Ruhr , Germany
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung , D-45470 Mülheim/Ruhr , Germany
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41
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Anderl F, Größl S, Wirtz C, Fürstner A. Total Synthesis of Belizentrin Methyl Ester: Report on a Likely Conquest. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201805125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Anderl
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
| | - Sylvester Größl
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
| | - Conny Wirtz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
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42
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Anderl F, Größl S, Wirtz C, Fürstner A. Total Synthesis of Belizentrin Methyl Ester: Report on a Likely Conquest. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:10712-10717. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201805125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Anderl
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
| | - Sylvester Größl
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
| | - Conny Wirtz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
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43
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Heravi MM, Mohammadkhani L. Recent applications of Stille reaction in total synthesis of natural products: An update. J Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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44
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Reiss A, Maier ME. Synthesis of a Leiodermatolide Analogue with a Dienyl Side Chain. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Reiss
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Martin E. Maier
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
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Yue H, Zhu C, Rueping M. Catalytic Ester to Stannane Functional Group Interconversion via Decarbonylative Cross-Coupling of Methyl Esters. Org Lett 2018; 20:385-388. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huifeng Yue
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Chen Zhu
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Magnus Rueping
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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46
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Meng Z, Souillart L, Monks B, Huwyler N, Herrmann J, Müller R, Fürstner A. A “Motif-Oriented” Total Synthesis of Nannocystin Ax. Preparation and Biological Assessment of Analogues. J Org Chem 2017; 83:6977-6994. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanchao Meng
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, D-45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | | | - Brendan Monks
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, D-45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Nikolas Huwyler
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, D-45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Jennifer Herrmann
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, D-45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
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47
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Roane J, Wippich J, Ramgren SD, Krische MJ. Synthesis of the C(1)-C(13) Fragment of Leiodermatolide via Hydrogen-Mediated C-C Bond Formation. Org Lett 2017; 19:6634-6637. [PMID: 29168383 PMCID: PMC5732063 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The C(1)-C(13) fragment of the antimitotic marine macrolide leiodermatolide is prepared in seven steps via hydrogenative and transfer-hydrogenative reductive C-C couplings. A hydrogen-mediated reductive coupling of acetylene with a Roche-type aldehyde is used to construct C(7)-C(13). A 2-propanol-mediated reductive coupling of allyl acetate with (E)-2-methylbut-2-enal at a low loading of iridium (1 mol %) is used to construct C(1)-C(6), which is converted to an allylsilane using Oestereich's copper-catalyzed allylic substitution of Si-Zn reagents. The union of the C(1)-C(6) and C(7)-C(13) fragments is achieved via stereoselective Sakurai allylation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stephen D. Ramgren
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Michael J. Krische
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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48
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García-Niño W, Estrada-Muñiz E, Valverde M, Reyes-Chilpa R, Vega L. Cytogenetic effects of Jacareubin from Calophyllum brasiliense on human peripheral blood mononucleated cells in vitro and on mouse polychromatic erythrocytes in vivo. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 335:6-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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49
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Challenges and discoveries in the total synthesis of complex polyketide natural products. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2017; 71:215-233. [DOI: 10.1038/ja.2017.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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50
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Marine Sponge Natural Products with Anticancer Potential: An Updated Review. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15100310. [PMID: 29027954 PMCID: PMC5666418 DOI: 10.3390/md15100310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the huge investment into research and the significant effort and advances made in the search for new anticancer drugs in recent decades, cancer cure and treatment continue to be a formidable challenge. Many sources, including plants, animals, and minerals, have been explored in the oncological field because of the possibility of identifying novel molecular therapeutics. Marine sponges are a prolific source of secondary metabolites, a number of which showed intriguing tumor chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic properties. Recently, Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs derived from marine sponges have been shown to reduce metastatic breast cancer, malignant lymphoma, and Hodgkin's disease. The chemopreventive and potential anticancer activity of marine sponge-derived compounds could be explained by multiple cellular and molecular mechanisms, including DNA protection, cell-cycle modulation, apoptosis, and anti-inflammatory activities as well as their ability to chemosensitize cancer cells to traditional antiblastic chemotherapy. The present article aims to depict the multiple mechanisms involved in the chemopreventive and therapeutic effects of marine sponges and critically explore the limitations and challenges associated with the development of marine sponge-based anticancer strategy.
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