1
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Rinshad V, Aggarwal M, Clegg JK, Mukherjee PS. Harnessing a Pd 4 Water-Soluble Molecular Capsule as a Size-Selective Catalyst for Targeted Oxidation of Alkyl Aromatics. JACS AU 2024; 4:3238-3247. [PMID: 39211591 PMCID: PMC11350579 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Molecular hosts with functional cavities can emulate enzymatic behavior through selective encapsulation of substrates, resulting in high chemo-, regio-, and stereoselective product formation. It is still challenging to synthesize enzyme-mimicking hosts that exhibit a narrow substrate scope that relies upon the recognition of substrates based on the molecular size. Herein, we introduce a Pd4 self-assembled water-soluble molecular capsule [M 4 L 2] (MC) that was formed through the self-assembly of a ligand L (4',4‴'-(1,4-phenylene)bis(1',4'-dihydro-[4,2':6',4″-terpyridine]-3',5'-dicarbonitrile)) with the acceptor cis-[(en)Pd(NO3)2] [en = ethane-1,2-diamine] (M). The molecular capsule MC showed size-selective recognition towards xylene isomers. The redox property of MC was explored for efficient and selective oxidation of one of the alkyl groups of m-xylene and p-xylene to their corresponding toluic acids using molecular O2 as an oxidant upon photoirradiation. Employing host-guest chemistry, we demonstrate the homogeneous catalysis of alkyl aromatics to the corresponding monocarboxylic acids in water under mild conditions. Despite homogeneous catalysis, the products were separated from the reaction mixtures by simple filtration/extraction, and the catalyst was reused. The larger analogues of the alkyl aromatics failed to bind within the MC's hydrophobic cavity, resulting in a lower/negligible reaction outcome. The present study represents a facile approach for selective photo-oxidation of xylene isomers to their corresponding toluic acids in an aqueous medium under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valiyakath
Abdul Rinshad
- Department
of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian
Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Medha Aggarwal
- Department
of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian
Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Jack K. Clegg
- School
of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Partha Sarathi Mukherjee
- Department
of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian
Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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2
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Gera R, De P, Singh KK, Jannuzzi SAV, Mohanty A, Velasco L, Kulbir, Kumar P, Marco JF, Nagarajan K, Pecharromán C, Rodríguez-Pascual PM, DeBeer S, Moonshiram D, Gupta SS, Dasgupta J. Trapping an Elusive Fe(IV)-Superoxo Intermediate Inside a Self-Assembled Nanocage in Water at Room Temperature. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:21729-21741. [PMID: 39078020 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c05849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Molecular cavities that mimic natural metalloenzymes have shown the potential to trap elusive reaction intermediates. Here, we demonstrate the formation of a rare yet stable Fe(IV)-superoxo intermediate at room temperature subsequent to dioxygen binding at the Fe(III) site of a (Et4N)2[FeIII(Cl)(bTAML)] complex confined inside the hydrophobic interior of a water-soluble Pd6L412+ nanocage. Using a combination of electron paramagnetic resonance, Mössbauer, Raman/IR vibrational, X-ray absorption, and emission spectroscopies, we demonstrate that the cage-encapsulated complex has a Fe(IV) oxidation state characterized by a stable S = 1/2 spin state and a short Fe-O bond distance of ∼1.70 Å. We find that the O2 reaction in confinement is reversible, while the formed Fe(IV)-superoxo complex readily reacts when presented with substrates having weak C-H bonds, highlighting the lability of the O-O bond. We envision that such optimally trapped high-valent superoxos can show new classes of reactivities catalyzing both oxygen atom transfer and C-H bond activation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Gera
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
- Department of Education in Science and Mathematics, Regional Institute of Education - Mysuru, NCERT, Mysuru 570006, India
| | - Puja De
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Kundan K Singh
- Chemical Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
- Chemistry Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Dharwad 580007, India
| | - Sergio A V Jannuzzi
- Department of Inorganic Spectroscopy, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
| | - Aisworika Mohanty
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Lucia Velasco
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, 3, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Kulbir
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Tirupati 517507, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Tirupati 517507, India
| | - J F Marco
- Instituto de Quimica Fisica Blas Cabrera, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Serrano 119, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Kalaivanan Nagarajan
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Carlos Pecharromán
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, 3, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - P M Rodríguez-Pascual
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, 3, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Department of Inorganic Spectroscopy, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
| | - Dooshaye Moonshiram
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, 3, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Sayam Sen Gupta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Jyotishman Dasgupta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
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3
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Ghosal S, Das A, Roy D, Dasgupta J. Tuning light-driven oxidation of styrene inside water-soluble nanocages. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1810. [PMID: 38418497 PMCID: PMC10902312 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45991-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Selective functionalization of innate sp2 C-H bonds under ambient conditions is a grand synthetic challenge in organic chemistry. Here we combine host-guest charge transfer-based photoredox chemistry with supramolecular nano-confinement to achieve selective carbonylation of styrene by tuning the dioxygen concentration. We observe exclusive photocatalytic formation of benzaldehyde under excess O2 (>1 atm) while Markovnikov addition of water produced acetophenone in deoxygenated condition upon photoexcitation of confined styrene molecules inside a water-soluble cationic nanocage. Further by careful tuning of the nanocage size, electronics, and guest preorganization, we demonstrate rate enhancement of benzaldehyde formation and a complete switchover to the anti-Markovnikov product, 2-phenylethan-1-ol, in the absence of O2. Raman spectroscopy, 2D 1H-1H NMR correlation experiments, and transient absorption spectroscopy establish that the site-selective control on the confined photoredox chemistry originates from an optimal preorganization of styrene molecules inside the cavity. We envision that the demonstrated host-guest charge transfer photoredox paradigm in combination with green atom-transfer reagents will enable a broad range of sp2 carbon-site functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Ghosal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, 1 Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai, 400005, India
| | - Ankita Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, 1 Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai, 400005, India
| | - Debojyoti Roy
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, 1 Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai, 400005, India
| | - Jyotishman Dasgupta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, 1 Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai, 400005, India.
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4
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Wang H, Wang Y, Xu W, Zhang H, Lv J, Wang X, Zheng Z, Zhao Y, Yu L, Yuan Q, Yu L, Zheng B, Gao L. Host-Guest-Interaction Enhanced Nitric Oxide Photo-Generation within a Pillar[5]arene Cavity for Antibacterial Gas Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:54266-54279. [PMID: 37969079 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular macrocycles with intrinsic cavities have been widely explored as containers to fabricate versatile functional materials via specific host-guest recognitions. However, relatively few studies have focused on the modulation of guest reactivity within a macrocyclic cavity. Here, we demonstrate the confinement effect of pillar[5]arene with an electron-rich and precise cavity that can dramatically enhance guest photoactivity and nitric oxide (NO) generation upon visible light irradiation. Mechanism studies reveal that it is achieved through increasing the ground state nitro-aromatic torsion angle, suppressing the intersystem crossing relaxation path of the S1 state, and accelerating the isomerization reaction path of guest molecules. This NO-generating system displays broad-spectrum antibacterial, biofilm inhibition, and dispersal activities. Moreover, it can accelerate the healing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-infected wounds in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Wenhua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Haixin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Jinmeng Lv
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Zhi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Yanxia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Le Yu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Quan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Leixiao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Bo Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Lingyan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
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5
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Hong D, Shi L, Liu X, Ya H, Han X. Photocatalysis in Water-Soluble Supramolecular Metal Organic Complex. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104068. [PMID: 37241809 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
As an emerging subset of organic complexes, metal complexes have garnered considerable attention owing to their outstanding structures, properties, and applications. In this content, metal-organic cages (MOCs) with defined shapes and sizes provide internal spaces to isolate water for guest molecules, which can be selectively captured, isolated, and released to achieve control over chemical reactions. Complex supramolecules are constructed by simulating the self-assembly behavior of the molecules or structures in nature. For this purpose, massive amounts of cavity-containing supramolecules, such as metal-organic cages (MOCs), have been extensively explored for a large variety of reactions with a high degree of reactivity and selectivity. Because sunlight and water are necessary for the process of photosynthesis, water-soluble metal-organic cages (WSMOCs) are ideal platforms for photo-responsive stimulation and photo-mediated transformation by simulating photosynthesis due to their defined sizes, shapes, and high modularization of metal centers and ligands. Therefore, the design and synthesis of WSMOCs with uncommon geometries embedded with functional building units is of immense importance for artificial photo-responsive stimulation and photo-mediated transformation. In this review, we introduce the general synthetic strategies of WSMOCs and their applications in this sparking field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfeng Hong
- College of Food and Drug, Henan Functional Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
| | - Linlin Shi
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xianghui Liu
- College of Food and Drug, Henan Functional Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
| | - Huiyuan Ya
- College of Food and Drug, Henan Functional Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
| | - Xin Han
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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6
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Su Z, Luo Y, Shi J, Feng J, Li X, Zhang J, Su C. Manipulating the Reaction Pathway of CO 2 Photoreduction via the Microenvironment of a Re Molecular Catalyst. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:3208-3215. [PMID: 36971470 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Re molecular complexes incorporated into two metal-organic frameworks were investigated to disclose the host-guest interaction by infrared and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance and to explore the microenvironment around the Re complex by absorption and photoluminescence spectra. ZIF-8 provides a confined space to isolated Re via an electrostatic interaction, while UiO-66 exerts a relaxed space to accessible Re via a coordination interaction. For CO2 two-electron photoreduction to CO, the turnover number of 28.6 in Re@ZIF-8 is 10-fold that of 2.7 in Re@UiO-66. The electron transfer is promoted in Re@ZIF-8 by a local electrostatic field with a cross-space pathway, whereas it is retarded in Re@UiO-66 as the solvation shell surrounding Re. In the following CO2 activation, the charged intermediate species could be stabilized in Re@ZIF-8 by spatial confinement, while Re-triethanolamine adducts prevailed in Re@UiO-66 with the accessibility of the Re complex. This work demonstrates a feasibility of diverting the CO2 activation pathway by the microenvironment of a molecular catalyst in the field of artificial photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifang Su
- School of Chemistry, Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Yucheng Luo
- School of Chemistry, Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianying Shi
- School of Chemistry, Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxin Feng
- School of Chemistry, Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Li
- School of Chemistry, Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinzhong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Chengyong Su
- School of Chemistry, Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, People's Republic of China
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7
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Zhao Z, Liu M, Zhou K, Guo L, Shen Y, Lu D, Hong X, Bao Z, Yang Q, Ren Q, Schreiner PR, Zhang Z. Visible-Light-Induced Phenoxyl Radical-based Metal-Organic Framework for Selective Photooxidation of Sulfides. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:6982-6989. [PMID: 36715584 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c21304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Phenoxyl radicals originating from phenols through oxidation or photoinduction are relatively stable and exhibit mild oxidative activity, which endows them with the potential for photocatalysis. Herein, a stable and recyclable metal-organic framework Zr-MOF-OH constructed of a binaphthol derivative ligand has been synthesized and functions as an efficient heterogeneous photocatalyst. Zr-MOF-OH shows fairly good catalytic activity and substrate compatibility toward the selective oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides under visible light irradiation. Such irradiation of Zr-MOF-OH converts the phenolic hydroxyl groups of the binaphthol derivative ligand to phenoxyl radicals through excited state intramolecular proton transfer, and the excited state photocatalyst triggers the single-electron oxidation of the sulfide. No reactive oxygen species are produced in the photocatalytic process, and triplet O2 directly participates in the reaction, endowing Zr-MOF-OH with wide substrate compatibility and high selectivity, which also proposes a promising pathway for the direct activation of substrates via phenoxyl radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghua Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, Quzhou 324000, P. R. China
| | - Mingjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, Quzhou 324000, P. R. China
| | - Kai Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, Quzhou 324000, P. R. China
| | - Lidong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, Quzhou 324000, P. R. China
| | - Yajing Shen
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, Quzhou 324000, P. R. China
| | - Dan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Xin Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Zongbi Bao
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, Quzhou 324000, P. R. China
| | - Qiwei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, Quzhou 324000, P. R. China
| | - Qilong Ren
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, Quzhou 324000, P. R. China
| | - Peter R Schreiner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, Quzhou 324000, P. R. China
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8
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Ham R, Nielsen CJ, Pullen S, Reek JNH. Supramolecular Coordination Cages for Artificial Photosynthesis and Synthetic Photocatalysis. Chem Rev 2023; 123:5225-5261. [PMID: 36662702 PMCID: PMC10176487 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Because sunlight is the most abundant energy source on earth, it has huge potential for practical applications ranging from sustainable energy supply to light driven chemistry. From a chemical perspective, excited states generated by light make thermodynamically uphill reactions possible, which forms the basis for energy storage into fuels. In addition, with light, open-shell species can be generated which open up new reaction pathways in organic synthesis. Crucial are photosensitizers, which absorb light and transfer energy to substrates by various mechanisms, processes that highly depend on the distance between the molecules involved. Supramolecular coordination cages are well studied and synthetically accessible reaction vessels with single cavities for guest binding, ensuring close proximity of different components. Due to high modularity of their size, shape, and the nature of metal centers and ligands, cages are ideal platforms to exploit preorganization in photocatalysis. Herein we focus on the application of supramolecular cages for photocatalysis in artificial photosynthesis and in organic photo(redox) catalysis. Finally, a brief overview of immobilization strategies for supramolecular cages provides tools for implementing cages into devices. This review provides inspiration for future design of photocatalytic supramolecular host-guest systems and their application in producing solar fuels and complex organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rens Ham
- Homogeneous and Supramolecular Catalysis, Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XHAmsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Jasslie Nielsen
- Homogeneous and Supramolecular Catalysis, Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XHAmsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sonja Pullen
- Homogeneous and Supramolecular Catalysis, Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XHAmsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joost N H Reek
- Homogeneous and Supramolecular Catalysis, Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XHAmsterdam, The Netherlands
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9
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Paul S, Voora VK, Dasgupta J. Excited state dynamics of a spontaneously generated TTF radical cation inside a water-soluble nanocage. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:18635-18644. [PMID: 35896104 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01916g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular cavities have been traditionally used to stabilize reactive redox intermediates. Recently with the success of multiple new photoredox catalytic strategies that use supramolecular cages, there is a growing demand for photogeneration strategies of diverse reactive intermediates inside confined spaces, which will drive enzyme-like catalysis in real time. Here we report the excited state dynamics of a redox-active TTF radical cation and its corresponding dimethyl-derivative DiMeTTF inside a confined supramolecular cavity. We prepare the radical cation by spontaneous oxidation of neutral TTF upon incarceration inside a water-soluble nanocage Pd6L412+, and characterize it with a combination of resonance Raman and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Using broadband transient absorption spectroscopy, we demonstrate that the confined native TTF radical cation and its dimethyl derivative upon photoexcitation rapidly de-excite to form the hot ground state, thereby inhibiting further oxidation to a TTF+2 dication. We discuss our results in the context of excited state crossings of the radical cation potentials as well as modifying the cage energetics to generate a stable dication. Our work has important implications for the usage of such radical cations for photoactivated catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunandita Paul
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India.
| | - Vamsee K Voora
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India.
| | - Jyotishman Dasgupta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India.
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10
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Ramamurthy V, Sen P, Elles CG. Ultrafast Excited State Dynamics of Spatially Confined Organic Molecules. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:4681-4699. [PMID: 35786917 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c03276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This Feature Article highlights the role of spatial confinement in controlling the fundamental behavior of molecules. Select examples illustrate the value of using space as a tool to control and understand excited-state dynamics through a combination of ultrafast spectroscopy and conventional steady-state methods. Molecules of interest were confined within a closed molecular capsule, derived from a cavitand known as octa acid (OA), whose internal void space is sufficient to accommodate molecules as long as tetracene and as wide as pyrene. The free space, i.e., the space that is left following the occupation of the guest within the host, is shown to play a significant role in altering the behavior of guest molecules in the excited state. The results reported here suggest that in addition to weak interactions that are commonly emphasized in supramolecular chemistry, the extent of empty space (i.e., the remaining void space within the capsule) is important in controlling the excited-state behavior of confined molecules on ultrafast time scales. For example, the role of free space in controlling the excited-state dynamics of guest molecules is highlighted by probing the cis-trans isomerization of stilbenes and azobenzenes within the OA capsule. Isomerization of both types of molecule are slowed when they are confined within a small space, with encapsulated azobenzenes taking a different reaction pathway compared to that in solution upon excitation to S2. In addition to steric constraints, confinement of reactive molecules in a small space helps to override the need for diffusion to bring the reactants together, thus enabling the measurement of processes that occur faster than the time scale for diffusion. The advantages of reducing free space and confining reactive molecules are illustrated by recording unprecedented excimer emission from anthracene and by measuring ultrafast electron transfer rates across the organic molecular wall. By monitoring the translational motion of anthracene pairs in a restricted space, it has been possible to document the pathway undertaken by excited anthracene from inception to the formation of the excimer on the excited-state surface. Similarly, ultrafast electron transfer experiments pursued here have established that the process is not hindered by a molecular wall. Apparently, the electron can cross the OA capsule wall provided the donor and acceptor are in close proximity. Measurements on the ultrafast time scale provide crucial insights for each of the examples presented here, emphasizing the value of both "space" and "time" in controlling and understanding the dynamics of excited molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pratik Sen
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, UP 208 016, India
| | - Christopher G Elles
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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11
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Si C, Liu F, Yan X, Xu J, Niu G, Han Q. Designing a Polyoxometalate-Incorporated Metal-Organic Framework for Reduction of Nitroarenes to Anilines by Sequential Proton-Coupled Electron Transfers. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:5335-5342. [PMID: 35290043 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Developing new photocatalysts for reduction of nitroarenes to anilines under mild conditions is very significant. Herein, a new polyoxometalate-based metal-organic framework (POMOF), {[Co(H2O)]2[Co2(H2O)6(TPT)][Co(TPT)PW11O39]}·3H2O·TPT (namely, CoW-TPT, TPT = 2,4,6-tri(4-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine), was prepared by incorporating Co(II)-substituted Keggin-type anions [PCoW11O39]5- and a photosensitizer (TPT) into a framework. In this structure, the direct coordination bond between [PCoW11O39]5- and TPT ligand and π···π interactions between TPT molecules are beneficial for the separation and migration of photogenerated carriers, thus improving the photocatalytic activity of CoW-TPT. The combination of both photosensitizer TPT and the electron-storable component [PCoW11O39]5- in a cooperative photocatalysis fashion is conducive to the photocatalytic multielectron reduction of nitroarenes. CoW-TPT provided a high conversion of 94.71% in the photocatalytic reduction of nitroarenes to anilines utilizing triethanolamine as the proton source and electron donor by sequential proton-coupled electron transfers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Si
- Henan Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
| | - Fan Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomei Yan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
| | - Jiangbo Xu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
| | - Guiqin Niu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
| | - Qiuxia Han
- Henan Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
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12
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Huang B, Mao L, Shi X, Yang HB. Recent advances and perspectives on supramolecular radical cages. Chem Sci 2021; 12:13648-13663. [PMID: 34760150 PMCID: PMC8549795 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01618k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Supramolecular radical chemistry has been emerging as a cutting-edge interdisciplinary field of traditional supramolecular chemistry and radical chemistry in recent years. The purpose of such a fundamental research field is to combine traditional supramolecular chemistry and radical chemistry together, and take the benefit of both to eventually create new molecules and materials. Recently, supramolecular radical cages have been becoming one of the most frontier and challenging research focuses in the field of supramolecular chemistry. In this Perspective, we give a brief introduction to organic radical chemistry, supramolecular chemistry, and the emerging supramolecular radical chemistry along with their history and application. Subsequently, we turn to the main part of this topic: supramolecular radical cages. The design and synthesis of supramolecular cages consisting of redox-active building blocks and radical centres are summarized. The host-guest interactions between supramolecular (radical) cages and organic radicals are also surveyed. Some interesting properties and applications of supramolecular radical cages such as their unique spin-spin interactions and intriguing confinement effects in radical-mediated/catalyzed reactions are comprehensively discussed and highlighted in the main text. The purpose of this Perspective is to help students and researchers understand the development of supramolecular radical cages, and potentially to stimulate innovation and creativity and infuse new energy into the fields of traditional supramolecular chemistry and radical chemistry as well as supramolecular radical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University 3663 N. Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
| | - Lijun Mao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University 3663 N. Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
| | - Xueliang Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University 3663 N. Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
| | - Hai-Bo Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University 3663 N. Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
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13
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Schmidt M, Esser B. Cavity-promotion by pillar[5]arenes expedites organic photoredox-catalysed reductive dehalogenations. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:9582-9585. [PMID: 34546245 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03221f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The efficiency of the photo-induced electron transfer in photoredox catalysis is limited by the diffusional collision of the excited catalyst and the substrate. We herein present cavity-bound photoredox catalysts, which preassociate the substrates, leading to significantly shortened reaction times. A pillar[5]arene serves as the cavity and phenothiazine as a catalyst in the reductive dehalogenation of aliphatic bromides as a proof of concept reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Schmidt
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Birgit Esser
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany. .,Freiburg Materials Research Center, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
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14
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Lin HY, Zhou LY, Xu L. Photocatalysis in Supramolecular Fluorescent Metallacycles and Metallacages. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:3805-3816. [PMID: 34529337 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The utilization of photocatalytic techniques for achieving light-to-fuel conversion is a promising way to ease the shortage of energy and degradation of the ecological environment. Fluorescent metallacycles and metallacages have drawn considerable attention and have been used in widespread fields due to easy preparation and their abundant functionality including photocatalysis. This review covers recent advances in photocatalysis in discrete supramolecular fluorescent metallacycles and metallacages. The developments in the utilization of the metallacycles skeletons and the effect of fluorescence-resonance energy transfer for photocatalysis are discussed. Furthermore, the use of the ligands decorated by organic chromophores or redox metal sites in metallacages as photocatalysts and their ability to encapsulate appropriate catalytic cofactors for photocatalysis are summarized. For the sake of brevity, macrocycles and cages with inorganic coordination complexes such as ruthenium complexes and iridium complexes are not included in this minireview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yu Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
| | - Le-Yong Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
| | - Lin Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
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15
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Gera R, Dasgupta J. Photochemistry using a host-guest charge transfer paradigm: DMABN as a dynamical probe of ground and excited states. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:9280-9284. [PMID: 33885087 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00370d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photoexciting charge transfer (CT) transitions arising from host-guest interactions in a confined environment can efficiently yield kinetically trapped radicals. In order to predispose these photogenerated radicals for diffusion limited reactions it becomes imperative to understand the nature of the host-guest CT interactions in the ground and excited states. Here we probe the heterogeneity of guest orientations and the ensuing excited state charge transfer dynamics of an electron-rich molecular probe N,N-dimethylaminobenzonitrile (DMABN) incarcerated inside an electron deficient water-soluble cationic Pd6L412+ nanohost. Using a combination of 1H-NMR, resonance Raman spectrosocopy, and pump-probe spectroscopy we highlight the necessary challenges that need to be addressed in order to use molecular cages as photocatalytic reaction vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Gera
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, 40000, India.
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16
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Uchikura T, Oshima M, Kawasaki M, Takahashi K, Iwasawa N. Supramolecular Photocatalysis by Utilizing the Host-Guest Charge-Transfer Interaction: Visible-Light-Induced Generation of Triplet Anthracenes for [4+2] Cycloaddition Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:7403-7408. [PMID: 32043287 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201916732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular photocatalysis via charge-transfer excitation of a host-guest complex was developed by use of the macrocyclic boronic ester [2+2]BTH-F containing highly electron-deficient difluorobenzothiadiazole moieties. In the presence of a catalytic amount of [2+2]BTH-F , the triplet excited state of anthracene was generated from the charge-transfer excited state of anthracene@[2+2]BTH-F by visible-light irradiation, and cycloaddition of the excited anthracene with several dienes and alkenes proceeded in a [4+2] manner in high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiro Uchikura
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan.,Present address: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, 171-8588, Japan
| | - Mari Oshima
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
| | - Minami Kawasaki
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
| | - Kohei Takahashi
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
| | - Nobuharu Iwasawa
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
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17
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Uchikura T, Oshima M, Kawasaki M, Takahashi K, Iwasawa N. Supramolecular Photocatalysis by Utilizing the Host–Guest Charge‐Transfer Interaction: Visible‐Light‐Induced Generation of Triplet Anthracenes for [4+2] Cycloaddition Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201916732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiro Uchikura
- Department of ChemistryTokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
- Present address: Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceGakushuin University, Mejiro, Toshima-ku Tokyo 171-8588 Japan
| | - Mari Oshima
- Department of ChemistryTokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
| | - Minami Kawasaki
- Department of ChemistryTokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
| | - Kohei Takahashi
- Department of ChemistryTokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
| | - Nobuharu Iwasawa
- Department of ChemistryTokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
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18
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Spicer RL, Stergiou AD, Young TA, Duarte F, Symes MD, Lusby PJ. Host–Guest-Induced Electron Transfer Triggers Radical-Cation Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:2134-2139. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L. Spicer
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K
| | - Athanasios D. Stergiou
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K
| | - Tom A. Young
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Fernanda Duarte
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Mark D. Symes
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K
| | - Paul J. Lusby
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K
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19
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Tang S, Ruan H, Feng R, Zhao Y, Tan G, Zhang L, Wang X. Tunable Reduction of 2,4,6‐Tri(4‐pyridyl)‐1,3,5‐Triazine: From Radical Anion to Diradical Dianion to Radical Metal–Organic Framework. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:18224-18229. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201910468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuxuan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Huapeng Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Rui Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Gengwen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Li Zhang
- Center of Materials Science and EngineeringGuangxi University of Science and Technology Liuzhou 545006 China
| | - Xinping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
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20
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Tang S, Ruan H, Feng R, Zhao Y, Tan G, Zhang L, Wang X. Tunable Reduction of 2,4,6‐Tri(4‐pyridyl)‐1,3,5‐Triazine: From Radical Anion to Diradical Dianion to Radical Metal–Organic Framework. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201910468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuxuan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Huapeng Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Rui Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Gengwen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Li Zhang
- Center of Materials Science and EngineeringGuangxi University of Science and Technology Liuzhou 545006 China
| | - Xinping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
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21
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Zhang H, Lee J, Brewster JT, Chi X, Lynch VM, Sessler JL. Cation-based Structural Tuning of Pyridine Dipyrrolate Cages and Morphological Control over Their Self-assembly. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:4749-4755. [PMID: 30813734 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b01042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Different pyridine dipyrrolate cages including cage-based dimers and polymers may be fabricated in a controlled manner from the same two starting materials, namely, an angular ligand 1 and Zn(acac)2, by changing the counter cation source. With tetrabutylammonium (TBA+) and dimethyl viologen (DMV2+), Cage-3 and Cage-5 are produced. In these cages, two ligands act as bridges and serve to connect together two cage subunits to produce higher order ensembles. In Cage-3 and Cage-5, the TBA+ and DMV2+ counter cations lie outside the cavities of the respective cages. This stands in contrast to what is seen with a previously reported system, Cage-1, wherein dimethylammonium (DMA+) counter cations reside within the cage cavity. When the counter cations are tetraethylammonium (TEA+) and bis(cyclopentadienyl) cobalt(III) (Cp2Co+), polymeric cage materials, PC-1 and PC-2, are formed, respectively. The counter cations thus serve not only to balance charge but also to tune the structural features as a whole. The organic cations used in the present study also act to modulate the further assembly of individual cages. The present cation-based tuning emerges as a new method for a fine-tuning of the multidimensional morphology of self-assembled inorganic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huacheng Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi 710049 , China.,Department of Chemistry , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712-1224 , United States
| | - Juhoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712-1224 , United States
| | - James T Brewster
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712-1224 , United States
| | - Xiaodong Chi
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712-1224 , United States
| | - Vincent M Lynch
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712-1224 , United States
| | - Jonathan L Sessler
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712-1224 , United States.,Institute for Supramolecular and Catalytic Chemistry , Shanghai University , Shanghai 200444 , China
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22
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Gera R, Meloni SL, Anna JM. Unraveling Confined Dynamics of Guests Trapped in Self-Assembled Pd 6L 4 Nanocages by Ultrafast Mid-IR Polarization-Dependent Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:413-418. [PMID: 30630311 PMCID: PMC6536308 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b03485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled coordination cages form host-guest complexes through weak noncovalent interactions. Knowledge of how these weak interactions affect the structure, reactivity, and dynamics of guest molecules is important to further the design principles of current systems and optimize their specific functions. We apply ultrafast mid-IR polarization-dependent pump-probe spectroscopy to probe the effects of two Pd6L4 self-assembled nanocages on the properties and dynamics of fluxional group-VIII metal carbonyl guest molecules. We find that the interactions between the Pd6L4 nanocages and guest molecules act to alter the ultrafast dynamics of the guests, restricting rotational diffusional motion and decreasing the vibrational lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jessica M. Anna
- Corresponding Author: To whom correspondence should be addressed:
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23
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Das A, Mandal I, Venkatramani R, Dasgupta J. Ultrafast photoactivation of C─H bonds inside water-soluble nanocages. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaav4806. [PMID: 30801018 PMCID: PMC6386559 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav4806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Light energy absorbed by molecules can be harnessed to activate chemical bonds with extraordinary speed. However, excitation energy redistribution within various molecular degrees of freedom prohibits bond-selective chemistry. Inspired by enzymes, we devised a new photocatalytic scheme that preorganizes and polarizes target chemical bonds inside water-soluble cationic nanocavities to engineer selective functionalization. Specifically, we present a route to photoactivate weakly polarized sp3 C─H bonds in water via host-guest charge transfer and control its reactivity with aerial O2. Electron-rich aromatic hydrocarbons self-organize inside redox complementary supramolecular cavities to form photoactivatable host-guest charge transfer complexes in water. An ultrafast C─H bond cleavage within ~10 to 400 ps is triggered by visible-light excitation, through a cage-assisted and solvent water-assisted proton-coupled electron transfer reaction. The confinement prolongs the lifetime of the carbon-centered radical to enable a facile yet selective reaction with molecular O2 leading to photocatalytic turnover of oxidized products in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Imon Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Ravindra Venkatramani
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Jyotishman Dasgupta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
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24
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Zhao L, Jing X, Li X, Guo X, Zeng L, He C, Duan C. Catalytic properties of chemical transformation within the confined pockets of Werner-type capsules. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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25
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Dey A, Dana J, Aute S, Das A, Ghosh HN. Hydrogen bond assisted photoinduced intramolecular electron transfer and proton coupled electron transfer in an ultrafast time domain using a ruthenium-anthraquinone dyad. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:2430-2441. [DOI: 10.1039/c9pp00135b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PCET kinetics for the formation of charge-separated states was explored by using femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. Hydrogen bonding between water and the reduced anthraquinone accounted for thermodynamic and kinetic stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananta Dey
- CSIR-Central salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute
- Bhavnagar 364002
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- Ghaziabad – 201002
| | - Jayanta Dana
- Radiation & Photochemistry Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai – 400085
- India
| | - Sunil Aute
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- Ghaziabad – 201002
- India
- dCSIR National chemical Laboratory
- Pune
| | - Amitava Das
- CSIR-Central salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute
- Bhavnagar 364002
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- Ghaziabad – 201002
| | - Hirendra N. Ghosh
- Radiation & Photochemistry Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai – 400085
- India
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology
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26
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Oldacre AN, Pointer CA, Martin SM, Kemmerer A, Young ER. Anthracene-based azo dyes for photo-induced proton-coupled electron transfer. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:5874-5877. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc01206k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report a new donor–acceptor system for photo-induced proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) that leverages an azo linkage as the proton-sensitive component and anthracene as a photo-trigger.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Amanda Kemmerer
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences
- Cedar Crest College
- Allentown
- USA
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27
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Cullen W, Metherell AJ, Wragg AB, Taylor CGP, Williams NH, Ward MD. Catalysis in a Cationic Coordination Cage Using a Cavity-Bound Guest and Surface-Bound Anions: Inhibition, Activation, and Autocatalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:2821-2828. [PMID: 29412665 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b11334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The Kemp elimination (reaction of benzisoxazole with base to give 2-cyanophenolate) is catalyzed in the cavity of a cubic M8L12 coordination cage because of a combination of (i) benzisoxazole binding in the cage cavity driven by the hydrophobic effect, and (ii) accumulation of hydroxide ions around the 16+ cage surface driven by ion-pairing. Here we show how reaction of the cavity-bound guest is modified by the presence of other anions which can also accumulate around the cage surface and displace hydroxide, inhibiting catalysis of the cage-based reaction. Addition of chloride or fluoride inhibits the reaction with hydroxide to the extent that a new autocatalytic pathway becomes apparent, resulting in a sigmoidal reaction profile. In this pathway the product 2-cyanophenolate itself accumulates around the cationic cage surface, acting as the base for the next reaction cycle. The affinity of different anions for the cage surface is therefore 2-cyanophenolate (generating autocatalysis) > chloride > fluoride (which both inhibit the reaction with hydroxide but cannot deprotonate the benzisoxazole guest) > hydroxide (default reaction pathway). The presence of this autocatalytic pathway demonstrates that a reaction of a cavity-bound guest can be induced with different anions around the cage surface in a controllable way; this was confirmed by adding different phenolates to the reaction, which accelerate the Kemp elimination to different extents depending on their basicity. This represents a significant step toward the goal of using the cage as a catalyst for bimolecular reactions between a cavity-bound guest and anions accumulated around the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Cullen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield , Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | | | - Ashley B Wragg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield , Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | | | | | - Michael D Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield , Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K.,Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
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28
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Tan C, Jiao J, Li Z, Liu Y, Han X, Cui Y. Design and Assembly of a Chiral Metallosalen-Based Octahedral Coordination Cage for Supramolecular Asymmetric Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:2085-2090. [PMID: 29278285 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201711310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular containers featuring both high catalytic activity and high enantioselectivity represent a design challenge of practical importance. Herein, it is demonstrated that a chiral octahedral coordination cage can be constructed by using twelve enantiopure Mn(salen)-derived dicarboxylic acids as linear linkers and six Zn4 -p-tert-butylsulfonylcalix[4]arene clusters as tetravalent four-connected vertices. The porous cage features a large hydrophobic cavity (≈3944 Å3 ) decorated with catalytically active metallosalen species and is shown to be an efficient and recyclable asymmetric catalyst for the oxidative kinetic resolution of racemic secondary alcohols and the epoxidation of olefins with up to >99 % enantiomeric excess. The cage architecture not only prevents intermolecular deactivation and stabilizes the Mn(salen) catalysts but also encapsulates substrates and concentrates reactants in the cavity, resulting in enhanced reactivity and enantioselectivity relative to the free metallosalen catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Tan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Jiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P.R. China
| | - Zijian Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P.R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P.R. China
| | - Xing Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P.R. China
| | - Yong Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P.R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, P.R. China
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29
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Tan C, Jiao J, Li Z, Liu Y, Han X, Cui Y. Design and Assembly of a Chiral Metallosalen-Based Octahedral Coordination Cage for Supramolecular Asymmetric Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201711310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Tan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200240 P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Jiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200240 P.R. China
| | - Zijian Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200240 P.R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200240 P.R. China
| | - Xing Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200240 P.R. China
| | - Yong Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200240 P.R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tianjin 300072 P.R. China
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30
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Piper JR, Cletheroe L, Taylor CGP, Metherell AJ, Weinstein JA, Sazanovich IV, Ward MD. Photoinduced energy- and electron-transfer from a photoactive coordination cage to bound guests. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:408-411. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc09298e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The array of naphthyl chromophores in a self-assembled cage can effect photoinduced energy- or electron-transfer to guests in the central cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerico R. Piper
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Sheffield
- Sheffield S3 7HF
- UK
| | - Lewis Cletheroe
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Sheffield
- Sheffield S3 7HF
- UK
| | | | | | | | - Igor V. Sazanovich
- Central Laser Facility
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
- Oxfordshire OX11 0QX
- UK
| | - Michael D. Ward
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Sheffield
- Sheffield S3 7HF
- UK
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31
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Leenders SHAM, Becker R, Kumpulainen T, de Bruin B, Sawada T, Kato T, Fujita M, Reek JNH. Selective Co-Encapsulation Inside an M 6 L 4 Cage. Chemistry 2016; 22:15468-15474. [PMID: 27624751 PMCID: PMC5096245 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
There is broad interest in molecular encapsulation as such systems can be utilized to stabilize guests, facilitate reactions inside a cavity, or give rise to energy-transfer processes in a confined space. Detailed understanding of encapsulation events is required to facilitate functional molecular encapsulation. In this contribution, it is demonstrated that Ir and Rh-Cp-type metal complexes can be encapsulated inside a self-assembled M6 L4 metallocage only in the presence of an aromatic compound as a second guest. The individual guests are not encapsulated, suggesting that only the pair of guests can fill the void of the cage. Hence, selective co-encapsulation is observed. This principle is demonstrated by co-encapsulation of a variety of combinations of metal complexes and aromatic guests, leading to several ternary complexes. These experiments demonstrate that the efficiency of formation of the ternary complexes depends on the individual components. Moreover, selective exchange of the components is possible, leading to formation of the most favorable complex. Besides the obvious size effect, a charge-transfer interaction may also contribute to this effect. Charge-transfer bands are clearly observed by UV/Vis spectrophotometry. A change in the oxidation potential of the encapsulated electron donor also leads to a shift in the charge-transfer energy bands. As expected, metal complexes with a higher oxidation potential give rise to a higher charge-transfer energy and a larger hypsochromic shift in the UV/Vis spectrum. These subtle energy differences may potentially be used to control the binding and reactivity of the complexes bound in a confined space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan H A M Leenders
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - René Becker
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tatu Kumpulainen
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bas de Bruin
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tomohisa Sawada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Taito Kato
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Makoto Fujita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Joost N H Reek
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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32
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Verma S, Aute S, Das A, Ghosh HN. Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer in a Hydrogen-Bonded Charge-Transfer Complex. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:10780-10785. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b06032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Verma
- Radiation
and Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Sunil Aute
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
| | - Amitava Das
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar 364002, India
| | - Hirendra N. Ghosh
- Radiation
and Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
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33
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Yang L, Jing X, He C, Chang Z, Duan C. Redox-Active M8L6Cubic Hosts with Tetraphenylethylene Faces Encapsulate Organic Dyes for Light-Driven H2Production. Chemistry 2016; 22:18107-18114. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116023 P. R. China
| | - Xu Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116023 P. R. China
| | - Cheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116023 P. R. China
| | - Zhiduo Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116023 P. R. China
| | - Chunying Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116023 P. R. China
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34
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Zhang Y, Legrand YM, van der Lee A, Barboiu M. Ligand- and Metal-Driven Selection of Flexible Adaptive Dynamic Host Receptors. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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35
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Goyal P, Schwerdtfeger CA, Soudackov AV, Hammes-Schiffer S. Proton Quantization and Vibrational Relaxation in Nonadiabatic Dynamics of Photoinduced Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer in a Solvated Phenol-Amine Complex. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:2407-17. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b12015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Puja Goyal
- Department of Chemistry, 600 South Mathews Avenue, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Christine A. Schwerdtfeger
- Department of Chemistry, 600 South Mathews Avenue, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Alexander V. Soudackov
- Department of Chemistry, 600 South Mathews Avenue, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Sharon Hammes-Schiffer
- Department of Chemistry, 600 South Mathews Avenue, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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36
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Goyal P, Hammes-Schiffer S. Role of Solvent Dynamics in Photoinduced Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer in a Phenol-Amine Complex in Solution. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:3515-3520. [PMID: 26275870 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b01475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Photoinduced proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) plays an essential role in a wide range of energy conversion processes. Previous experiments on a phenol-amine complex in solution provided evidence of an electron-proton transfer (EPT) excited state characterized by both intramolecular charge transfer and proton transfer from the phenol to the amine. Herein we analyze hundreds of surface hopping trajectories to investigate the role of solvent dynamics following photoexcitation to the EPT state. This solvent dynamics leads to a significant decrease in the energy gap between the ground and EPT states, thereby facilitating decay to the ground state, and generates an electrostatic environment conducive to proton transfer on the EPT state. In addition to solvent reorganization, the geometrical properties at the hydrogen-bonding interface must be suitable to allow proton transfer. These mechanistic insights elucidate the underlying fundamental physical principles of photoinduced PCET processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Goyal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Sharon Hammes-Schiffer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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37
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Bright Fluorescence and Host-Guest Sensing with a Nanoscale M4L6Tetrahedron Accessed by Self-Assembly of Zinc-Imine Chelate Vertices and Perylene Bisimide Edges. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201501670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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38
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Frischmann PD, Kunz V, Würthner F. Bright Fluorescence and Host-Guest Sensing with a Nanoscale M4L6Tetrahedron Accessed by Self-Assembly of Zinc-Imine Chelate Vertices and Perylene Bisimide Edges. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:7285-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201501670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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