1
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Cosialls R, Simó C, Borrós S, Gómez-Vallejo V, Schmidt C, Llop J, Cuenca AB, Casini A. PET Imaging of Self-Assembled 18 F-Labelled Pd 2 L 4 Metallacages for Anticancer Drug Delivery. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202604. [PMID: 36239701 PMCID: PMC10168593 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
To advance the design of self-assembled metallosupramolecular architectures as new generation theranostic agents, the synthesis of 18 F-labelled [Pd2 L4 ]4+ metallacages is reported. Different spectroscopic and bio-analytical methods support the formation of the host-guest cage-cisplatin complex. The biodistribution profiles of one of the cages, alone or encapsulating cisplatin have been studied by PET/CT imaging in healthy mice in vivo, in combination to ICP-MS ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Cosialls
- BISi-Bonds group, Dept. of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institut Químic de Sarrià, URL, Vía Augusta 390, 08017, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Cristina Simó
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo Miramón 182, 20014, San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain.,Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Salvador Borrós
- Grup d'Enginyeria de Materials (GEMAT), Institut Químic de Sarrià,URL, Vía Augusta 390, 08017, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vanessa Gómez-Vallejo
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo Miramón 182, 20014, San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Claudia Schmidt
- Chair of Medicinal and Bioinorganic chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching b. München, Germany
| | - Jordi Llop
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo Miramón 182, 20014, San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Ana B Cuenca
- BISi-Bonds group, Dept. of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institut Químic de Sarrià, URL, Vía Augusta 390, 08017, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Spain
| | - Angela Casini
- Chair of Medicinal and Bioinorganic chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching b. München, Germany.,Munich Data Science Institute, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching b. München, Germany
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2
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Moreno-Alcántar G, Casini A. Bioinorganic supramolecular coordination complexes and their biomedical applications. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:191-202. [PMID: 36345593 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The field of Bioinorganic Supramolecular Chemistry is an emerging research area including metal-based supramolecules resulting from coordination-driven self-assembly (CDSA), whereby metal ions and organic ligands can be easily linked by metal-ligand bonds via Lewis' acid/base interactions. The focus of this 'In a Nutshell' review will be on the family of supramolecular coordination complexes, discrete entities formed by CDSA, which have recently captured widespread attention as a new class of versatile multifunctional materials with broad biological applications including molecular recognition, biosensing, therapy, imaging and drug delivery. Herein, we provide a summary of the state-of-the-art use of these systems in biomedicine, with some selected representative examples, as well as our visions of the challenges and possible directions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angela Casini
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Garching bei München, Germany
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3
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Feng Q, Yang T, Ma L, Li X, Yuan H, Zhang M, Zhang Y, Fan L. Morpholine-Functionalized Multicomponent Metallacage as a Vector for Lysosome-Targeted Cell Imaging. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:38594-38603. [PMID: 35981928 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c11662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Metallacages with suitable cavities and specific functions are promising delivery vectors in biological systems. Herein, we report a morpholine-functionalized metallacage for lysosome-targeted cell imaging. The efficient host-guest interactions between the metallacage and dyes prevent them from aggregation, so their emission in aqueous solutions is well maintained. The fluorescence quantum yield of these host-guest complexes reaches 74.40%. Therefore, the metallacage is further employed as a vector to deliver dyes with different emission colors (blue, green, and red) into lysosomes for targeted imaging. This research affords a type of vector for the delivery of various cargos toward biological applications, which will enrich the usage of metallacages in biomedical engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P. R. China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P. R. China
| | - Tianfeng Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P. R. China
| | - Lingzhi Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Hongye Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yanmin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P. R. China
| | - Lihong Fan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P. R. China
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4
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Zhao J, Zhou Z, Li G, Stang PJ, Yan X. Light-emitting self-assembled metallacages. Natl Sci Rev 2021; 8:nwab045. [PMID: 34691672 PMCID: PMC8288187 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwab045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Coordination-driven self-assembly of metallacages has garnered significant interest because of their 3D layout and cavity-cored nature. The well-defined, highly tunable metallacage structures render them particularly attractive for investigating the properties of luminophores, as well as for inducing novel photophysical characters that enable widespread applications. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in synthetic methodologies for light-emitting metallacages, and highlight some representative applications of these metallacages. In particular, we focus on the favorable photophysical properties—including high luminescence efficiency in various physical states, good modularity in photophysical properties and stimulus responsiveness—that have resulted from incorporating ligands displaying aggregation-induced emission (AIE) into metallacages. These features show that the synergy between carrying out coordination-driven self-assembly and using luminophores with novel photophysical characteristics like AIE could stimulate the development of supramolecular luminophores for applications in fields as diverse as sensing, biomedicine and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhixuan Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Guangfeng Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Peter J Stang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Xuzhou Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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5
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Lin HY, Zhou LY, Xu L. Photocatalysis in Supramolecular Fluorescent Metallacycles and Metallacages. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:3805-3816. [PMID: 34529337 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The utilization of photocatalytic techniques for achieving light-to-fuel conversion is a promising way to ease the shortage of energy and degradation of the ecological environment. Fluorescent metallacycles and metallacages have drawn considerable attention and have been used in widespread fields due to easy preparation and their abundant functionality including photocatalysis. This review covers recent advances in photocatalysis in discrete supramolecular fluorescent metallacycles and metallacages. The developments in the utilization of the metallacycles skeletons and the effect of fluorescence-resonance energy transfer for photocatalysis are discussed. Furthermore, the use of the ligands decorated by organic chromophores or redox metal sites in metallacages as photocatalysts and their ability to encapsulate appropriate catalytic cofactors for photocatalysis are summarized. For the sake of brevity, macrocycles and cages with inorganic coordination complexes such as ruthenium complexes and iridium complexes are not included in this minireview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yu Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
| | - Le-Yong Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
| | - Lin Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
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6
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Mu C, Zhang Z, Hou Y, Liu H, Ma L, Li X, Ling S, He G, Zhang M. Tetraphenylethylene-Based Multicomponent Emissive Metallacages as Solid-State Fluorescent Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:12293-12297. [PMID: 33724636 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The construction of solid-state fluorescent materials with high quantum yield and good processability is of vital importance in the preparation of organic light-emitting devices. Herein, a series of tetraphenylethylene (TPE)-based multicomponent emissive metallacages are prepared by the coordination-driven self-assembly of tetra-(4-pyridylphenyl)ethylene, cis-Pt(PEt3 )2 (OTf)2 and tetracarboxylic ligands. These metallacages exhibit good emission both in solution and in the solid state because the coordination bonds and aggregation restrict the molecular motions of TPE synergistically, which suppresses the non-radiative decay of these metallacages. Impressively, one of the metallacages achieves very high fluorescence quantum yield (ΦF =88.46 %) in the solid state, which is further used as the coatings of a blue LED bulb to achieve white-light emission. The study not only provides a general method to the preparation of TPE-based metallacages but also explores their applications as solid-state fluorescent materials, which will promote the future design and applications of metallacages as useful emissive devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Mu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Zeyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yali Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Haifei Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Lingzhi Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Sanliang Ling
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Gang He
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
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7
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Yu JG, Sun LY, Wang C, Li Y, Han YF. Coordination-Induced Emission from Tetraphenylethylene Units and Their Applications. Chemistry 2021; 27:1556-1575. [PMID: 32588928 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Thanks to the potential of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) phenomena, improved stabilities, and the good selectivity and sensitivity of the chemical responses exhibited by the products, coordination-driven self-assembly with tetraphenylethylene (TPE) units has recently received much attention and has been widely investigated for application in chemical sensors, cell imaging agents, light-harvesting systems, and others. Several reviews have emerged on the topics of AIE chemistry and aggregation-induced emission luminogen (AIEgen)-based supramolecular assembles, however, there is still a distinct lack of full overviews of emission enhancement from the viewpoint of metal-coordination effects. Thus, this minireview offers recent advances that have been made in the design and application of TPE-based metallacycles, metallacages, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and coordination polymers (CPs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Gang Yu
- College of Chemical and Material Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou, 324000, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
| | - Li-Ying Sun
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
| | - Chong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Feng Han
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
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8
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Zhu H, Li Q, Shi B, Ge F, Liu Y, Mao Z, Zhu H, Wang S, Yu G, Huang F, Stang PJ. Dual-Emissive Platinum(II) Metallacage with a Sensitive Oxygen Response for Imaging of Hypoxia and Imaging-Guided Chemotherapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:20208-20214. [PMID: 32710650 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202009442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Imaging of hypoxia in vivo helps with accurate cancer diagnosis and evaluation of therapeutic outcomes. A PtII metallacage with oxygen-responsive red phosphorescence and steady fluorescence for in vivo hypoxia imaging and chemotherapy is reported. The therapeutic agent and diagnostic probe were integrated into the metallacage through heteroligation-directed self-assembly. Nanoformulation by encapsulating the metallacage into nanoparticles greatly enhanced its stability the in physiological environment, rendering biomedical applications feasible. Apart from enhanced red phosphorescence upon hypoxia, the ratio between red and blue emissions, which only varies with intracellular oxygen level, provides a more precise standard for hypoxia imaging and detection. Moreover, in vivo explorations demonstrate the promising potential applications of the metallacage-loaded nanoparticles as theranostic agents for tumor hypoxia imaging and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huangtianzhi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Qi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Bingbing Shi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Fujing Ge
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Yuezhou Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Zhengwei Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Hong Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University and Tianjin Engineering Center of Micro-Nano Biomaterials and Detection-Treatment Technology, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Guocan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Feihe Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China.,Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Peter J Stang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
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9
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Casini A, Crowley JD. Editorial: Supramolecular Metal-Based Entities for Biomedical and Biological Applications. Front Chem 2019; 7:293. [PMID: 31080795 PMCID: PMC6497750 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Casini
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - James D Crowley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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10
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Woods B, Wenzel MN, Williams T, Thomas SR, Jenkins RL, Casini A. Exo-Functionalized Metallacages as Host-Guest Systems for the Anticancer Drug Cisplatin. Front Chem 2019; 7:68. [PMID: 30834242 PMCID: PMC6387950 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the framework of designing new self-assembled metallosupramolecular architectures for drug delivery, seven [Pd2L4]4+ metallacages (L = 2,6-bis(pyridine-3-ylethynyl)pyridine) featuring different groups in exo-position, selected to enhance the cage solubility in aqueous environment, were synthesized. Thus, carboxylic acids, sugars, and PEG groups were tethered to the bispyridyl ligands directly or via disulfide bond formation, as well as via click chemistry. The ligands and respective cages were characterized by different methods, including NMR spectroscopy and high-resolution electrospray mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS). While the two ligands featuring carboxylic acid-functionalized groups showed improved solubility in water, the other ligands were soluble only in organic solvents. Unfortunately, all the respective self-assembled cages were also insoluble in water. Afterwards, the encapsulation properties of the anticancer drug cisplatin in selected [Pd2L4]X4 cages (X =NO 3 - ,BF 4 - ) were studied by 1H, 1H DOSY, and 195Pt NMR spectroscopy. The effect of the counter ions as well as of the polarity of the solvent in the drug encapsulation process were also investigated, and provided useful information on the host-guest properties of these experimental drug delivery systems. Our results provide further experimental support for previous studies that suggest the desolvation of guests from surrounding solvent molecules and the resulting solvent rearrangement may actually be the primary driving force for determining guest binding affinities in metallacages, in the absence of specific functional group interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Angela Casini
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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11
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Liu Y, Shi B, Wang H, Shangguan L, Li Z, Zhang M, Huang F. Construction of Metallacage-Cored Supramolecular Gel by Hierarchical Self-Assembly of Metal Coordination and Pillar[5]arene-Based Host-Guest Recognition. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1800655. [PMID: 30318827 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a Pd2 L4 metallacage 2•([BF4 ]- )4 with four pillar[5]arene units is first prepared and characterized by 1D multinuclear NMR (1 H, 11 B, and 19 F NMR), 2D 1 H-1 H correlation spectra, 1 H-13 C heteronuclear single quantum coherence, and diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy, and electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. By the introduction of a ditopic guest molecule 3 into a chloroform solution of 2•([BF4 ]- )4 , a supramolecular polymer network gel is successfully constructed based on the metal coordination interactions and host-guest recognition between the pillar[5]arene units of 2•([BF4 ]- )4 and neutral ditopic guest molecule 3. The temperature and pH responsivenesses of the supramolecular gel are studied, which are further employed for the controlled release of different cargos. As a demonstration, emodin and methylene blue are trapped in the cavities of the metallacage and in the pores of the supramolecular gel, respectively. Methylene blue is first released along with the gel-sol transition while emodin is then released by the further addition of acid to destroy the metallacage. This study explores the use of metallacage-cored supramolecular network gels for sequential controlled release and contributes to the development of smart and adaptive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuezhou Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Bingbing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Hu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Liqing Shangguan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Zhengtao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Feihe Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
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12
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Shi Y, Sánchez-Molina I, Cao C, Cook TR, Stang PJ. Synthesis and photophysical studies of self-assembled multicomponent supramolecular coordination prisms bearing porphyrin faces. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:9390-5. [PMID: 24979805 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1408905111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multicomponent self-assembly, wherein two unique donor precursors are combined with a single metal acceptor instead of the more common two-component assembly, can be achieved by selecting Lewis-basic sites and metal nodes that select for heteroligated coordination spheres. Platinum(II) ions show a thermodynamic preference for mixed pyridyl/carboxylate coordination environments and are thus suitable for such designs. The use of three or more unique building blocks increases the structural complexity of supramolecules. Herein, we describe the synthesis and characterization of rectangular prismatic supramolecular coordination complexes (SCCs) with two faces occupied by porphyrin molecules, motivated by the search for new multichromophore complexes with promising light-harvesting properties. These prisms are obtained from the self-assembly of a 90° Pt(II) acceptor with a meso-substituted tetrapyridylporphyrin (TPyP) and dicarboxylate ligands. The generality of this self-assembly reaction is demonstrated using five dicarboxylate ligands, two based on a rigid central phenyl ring and three alkyl-spaced variants, to form a total of five free-base and five Zn-metallated porphyrin prisms. All 10 SCCs are characterized by (31)P and (1)H multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, confirming the structure of each self-assembly and the stoichiometry of formation. The photophysical properties of the resulting SCCs were investigated revealing that the absorption and emission properties of the free-base and metallated porphyrin prisms preserve the spectral features associated with free TPyP.
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