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Sigmund LM, Ehlert C, Gryn'ova G, Greb L. Stereoinversion of tetrahedral p-block element hydrides. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:194113. [PMID: 35597652 DOI: 10.1063/5.0090267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential energy surfaces of 15 tetrahedral p-block element hydrides were screened on the multireference level. It was addressed whether stereoinversion competes against other reactions, such as reductive H2-elimination or hydride loss, and if so, along which pathway the stereomutation occurs. Importantly, stereoinversion transition structures for the ammonium cation (C4v) and the tetrahydridoborate anion (Cs) were identified for the first time. Revisiting methane's Cs symmetric inversion transition structure with the mHEAT+ protocol revealed an activation enthalpy for stereoinversion, in contrast to all earlier studies, which is 5 kJ mol-1 below the C-H bond dissociation enthalpy. Square planar structures were identified lowest in energy only for the inversion of AlH4 -, but a novel stepwise Cs-inversion was discovered for SiH4 or PH4 +. Overall, the present contribution delineates essentials of the potential energy surfaces of p-block element hydrides, while structure-energy relations offer design principles for the synthetically emerging field of structurally constrained compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas M Sigmund
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christopher Ehlert
- Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies (HITS gGmbH), Schloss-Wolfsbrunnenweg 35, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany and Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR), Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ganna Gryn'ova
- Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies (HITS gGmbH), Schloss-Wolfsbrunnenweg 35, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany and Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR), Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lutz Greb
- Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 34-36, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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2
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Stereomutation in Tetracoordinate Centers via Stabilization of Planar Tetracoordinated Systems. ATOMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atoms9040079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The quest for stabilizing planar forms of tetracoordinate carbon started five decades ago and intends to achieve interconversion between [R]- and [S]-stereoisomers without breaking covalent bonds. Several strategies are successful in making the planar tetracoordinate form a minimum on its potential energy surface. However, the first examples of systems where stereomutation is possible were reported only recently. In this study, the possibility of neutral and dications of simple hydrocarbons (cyclopentane, cyclopentene, spiropentane, and spiropentadiene) and their counterparts with the central carbon atom replaced by elements from groups 13, 14, and 15 are explored using ab initio MP2 calculations. The energy difference between the tetrahedral and planar forms decreases from row II to row III or IV substituents. Additionally, aromaticity involving the delocalization of the lone pair on the central atom appears to help in further stabilizing the planar form compared to the tetrahedral form, especially for the row II substituents. We identified 11 systems where the tetrahedral state is a minimum on the potential energy surface, and the planar form is a transition state corresponding to stereomutation. Interestingly, the planar structures of three systems were found to be minimum, and the corresponding tetrahedral states were transition states. The energy profiles corresponding to such transitions involving both planar and tetrahedral states without the breaking of covalent bonds were examined. The systems showcased in this study and research in this direction are expected to realize molecules that experimentally exhibit stereomutation.
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3
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Mn-corrolazine-based 2D-nanocatalytic material with single Mn atoms for catalytic oxidation of alkane to alcohol. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(20)63707-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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4
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Zhang C, Tian Z, Jia W. Elusive Magnetic Compounds Originated from Planar Tetracoordinate Silicon, a Theoretical Prediction. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:843-847. [PMID: 33444026 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c10544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A family of novel compounds with planar tetracoordinate silicon (ptSi) supported by B-heterocyclic carbenes (BHCs) have been theoretically investigated. The lowest energy molecules (a3, b3, and c3) with single ptSi are a triplet. We further designed 1D and 2D compounds with multi-ptSi atoms by condensation of a3 along latitudinal (m) and longitudinal (n) directions. The lowest energy 1D compounds prefer to be zigzag conformation along the m direction. The lowest energy 2D compounds (m,n) (m ≥ n) are zigzag conformation along both m and n directions. The total spin quantum number (S) of the lowest energy compounds with ptSi is equal to the number of ptSi. Thus, the compounds with ptSi stabilized by BHCs are magnetic. The singly occupied molecular orbitals (SOMOs) of such compounds are mainly the linear combination of the 3p orbitals of ptSi, indicating that the magnetism of the compounds originates from ptSi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congjie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Zeqiong Tian
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Wenhong Jia
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
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5
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Raghunathan S, Yadav K, Rojisha VC, Jaganade T, Prathyusha V, Bikkina S, Lourderaj U, Priyakumar UD. Transition between [R]- and [S]-stereoisomers without bond breaking. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:14983-14991. [PMID: 32588839 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02918a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The fifty-year old proposal of a nondissociative racemization reaction of a tetracoordinated tetrahedral center from one enantiomer to another via a planar transition state by Hoffmann and coworkers has been explored by many research groups over the past five decades. A number of stable molecules with planar tetracoordinated and higher-coordinated centers have been designed and experimentally realized; however, there has not been a single example of a molecular system that can possibly undergo such racemization. Here we show examples of molecular species that undergo inversion of stereochemistry around tetrahedral centers (Si, Al- and P+) either via a planar transition state or an intermediate state using quantum mechanical, ab initio quasi-classical dynamics calculations, and Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics (BOMD) simulations. This work is expected to provide potential leads for future studies on this fundamental phenomenon in chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shampa Raghunathan
- Center for Computational Natural Sciences and Bioinformatics International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad 500 032, India.
| | - Komal Yadav
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar, HBNI, P.O. Jatani, Khordha 752050, India.
| | - V C Rojisha
- Center for Computational Natural Sciences and Bioinformatics International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad 500 032, India.
| | - Tanashree Jaganade
- Center for Computational Natural Sciences and Bioinformatics International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad 500 032, India.
| | - V Prathyusha
- Center for Computational Natural Sciences and Bioinformatics International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad 500 032, India.
| | - Swetha Bikkina
- Center for Computational Natural Sciences and Bioinformatics International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad 500 032, India.
| | - Upakarasamy Lourderaj
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar, HBNI, P.O. Jatani, Khordha 752050, India.
| | - U Deva Priyakumar
- Center for Computational Natural Sciences and Bioinformatics International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad 500 032, India.
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6
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Beryllium and boron decoration form planar tetracoordinate carbon strips at the edge of BCN nanoribbons result in energy gap opposite variation and third-order nonlinear optical response improvement. Chem Phys Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2017.07.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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7
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Zhang C, Ma D, Yang S, Liang J. Theoretical Investigation of Promising Molecules for Obtaining Complexes with Planar Tetracoordinate Carbon. ACS OMEGA 2016; 1:620-625. [PMID: 31457151 PMCID: PMC6640768 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.6b00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We have theoretically investigated the stability, chemical bonding, and coordination ability of the 2-Me-2-borabicyclo[1.1.0]but-1(3)-ene (2-Me-2BB) molecule using density functional theory and ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations. Calculated results indicated that 2-Me-2BB is both thermodynamically and kinetically stable. The C=C bonds in 2-Me-2BB contain a π bond and a charge shift (CS) bond, different from those in 1-Me-borirene and cyclopropylene. Moreover, 2-Me-2BB can be a σ donor, leading to the formation of TM(2-Me-2BB)L n complexes containing planar tetracoordinate carbon (ptC) with transition metals (TM = Sc-Cu), in which the lone electron pair of 2-Me-2BB results from its ionic resonance form. The lengths and Wiberg bond indices of the TM-ptC bond in TM(2-Me-2BB)L n (TM = Sc-Cu) reveal that 2-Me-2BB can be a ligand similar to N-heterocyclic carbene. Therefore, 2-Me-2BB and its derivatives are promising molecules to obtain complexes with ptC. The natural charges on TM atoms in TM(2-Me-2BB)L n (TM = Sc-Cu) complexes range from -0.97 to 1.54e, indicating that such complexes with ptC might have potential applications in catalytic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congjie Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of
Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi
Normal University, Changan
South Road 199, Xi’an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Dongxia Ma
- Key
Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of
Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi
Normal University, Changan
South Road 199, Xi’an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Shaoni Yang
- Key
Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of
Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi
Normal University, Changan
South Road 199, Xi’an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Jinxia Liang
- Guizhou
Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Nano-Material Science, Guizhou Education University, 115 Gaoxin Road, Wudang District, Guiyang 550018, P. R. China
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8
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Wang Y, Li F, Li Y, Chen Z. Semi-metallic Be5C2 monolayer global minimum with quasi-planar pentacoordinate carbons and negative Poisson's ratio. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11488. [PMID: 27139572 PMCID: PMC4857406 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Designing new materials with novel topological properties and reduced dimensionality is always desirable for material innovation. Here we report the design of a two-dimensional material, namely Be5C2 monolayer on the basis of density functional theory computations. In Be5C2 monolayer, each carbon atom binds with five beryllium atoms in almost the same plane, forming a quasi-planar pentacoordinate carbon moiety. Be5C2 monolayer appears to have good stability as revealed by its moderate cohesive energy, positive phonon modes and high melting point. It is the lowest-energy structure with the Be5C2 stoichiometry in two-dimensional space and therefore holds some promise to be realized experimentally. Be5C2 monolayer is a gapless semiconductor with a Dirac-like point in the band structure and also has an unusual negative Poisson's ratio. If synthesized, Be5C2 monolayer may find applications in electronics and mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Feng Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Yafei Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Zhongfang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Functional Nanomaterials, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, USA
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9
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Zhao XF, Li H, Yuan CX, Li YQ, Wu YB, Wang ZX. Linear, planar, and tubular molecular structures constructed by double planar tetracoordinate carbon D2hC2(BeH)4 species via hydrogen-bridged -BeH2Be- bonds. J Comput Chem 2016. [PMID: 26202851 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.24018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
This computational study identifies the rhombic D2hC2 (BeH)4 (2a) to be a species featuring double planar tetracoordinate carbons (ptCs). Aromaticity and the peripheral BeBeBeBe bonding around CC core contribute to the stabilization of the ptC structure. Although the ptC structure is not a global minimum, its high kinetic stability and its distinct feature of having a bonded C2 core from having two separated carbon atoms in the global minimum and other low-lying minima could make the ptC structure to be preferred if the carbon source is dominated by C2 species. The electron deficiency of the BeH group allows the ptC species to serve as building blocks to construct large/nanostructures, such as linear chains, planar sheets, and tubes, via intermolecular hydrogen-bridged bonds (HBBs). Formation of one HBB bond releases more than 30.0 kcal/mol of energy, implying the highly exothermic formation processes and the possibility to synthesize these nano-size structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Feng Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Education Ministry, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Haixia Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Cai-Xia Yuan
- The Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Education Ministry, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Qin Li
- The Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Education Ministry, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Bo Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Education Ministry, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
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10
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Zhao XF, Yuan CX, Wang X, Li JJ, Wu YB, Wang X. Computational design of organometallic oligomers featuring 1,3-metal-carbon bonding and planar tetracoordinate carbon atoms. J Comput Chem 2016; 37:296-303. [PMID: 26399226 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.24185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory computations (B3LYP) have been used to explore the chemistry of titanium-aromatic carbon "edge complexes" with 1,3-metal-carbon (1,3-MC) bonding between Ti and planar tetracoordinate Cβ . The titanium-coordinated, end-capping chlorides are replaced with OH or SH groups to afford two series of difunctional monomers that can undergo condensation to form oxide- and sulfide-bridged oligomers. The sulfide-linked oligomers have less molecular strain and are more exergonic than the corresponding oxide-linked oligomers. The HOMO-LUMO gap of the oligomers varies with their composition and decreases with growing oligomer chain. This theoretical study is intended to enrich 1,3-MC bonding and planar tetracoordinate carbon chemistry and provide interesting ideas to experimentalists. Organometallic complexes with the TiE2 (E = OH and SH) decoration on the edge of aromatic hydrocarbons have been computationally designed, which feature 1,3-metal-carbon (1,3-MC) bonding between titanium and planar tetracoordinate β-carbon. Condensation of these difunctional monomers by eliminating small molecules (H2O and H2S) produce chain-like oligomers. The HOMO-LUMO gaps of the oligomers decreases with growing oligomer chain, a trend that suggests possible semiconductor properties for oligomers with longer chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Feng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Education Ministry, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Cai-Xia Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Education Ministry, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, People's Republic of China.,Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, 80217
| | - Xiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Education Ministry, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Jia Li
- Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Education Ministry, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Bo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Education Ministry, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, People's Republic of China.,Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, 80217
| | - Xiaotai Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, 80217
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11
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Sui JJ, Xu J, Ding YH. A template for a planar tetracoordinate heavier group 14 atom: a global study of C2Si2X(q) (X = C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb; q = +1, 0, -1). Dalton Trans 2016; 45:56-60. [PMID: 26605837 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt03989d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Through a global isomeric study, we computationally identified the first structural template C2Si2X that could encompass a planar tetracoordinate X for all the heavier group 14 elements X in the 0, +1 or -1 charge state. We thus significantly expanded the traditional 16/17/18ve rules to 19/20/21ve for ptX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-jing Sui
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing Xu
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yi-hong Ding
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Yang LM, Ganz E, Chen Z, Wang ZX, Schleyer PVR. Vier Jahrzehnte Chemie der planar hyperkoordinierten Verbindungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201410407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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13
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Yang LM, Ganz E, Chen Z, Wang ZX, Schleyer PVR. Four Decades of the Chemistry of Planar Hypercoordinate Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:9468-501. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201410407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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14
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Zhao H, Zhang C. Theoretical study of group 6 metallacyclic complexes with planar tetracoordinate carbon. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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15
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Yang LM, Popov IA, Boldyrev AI, Heine T, Frauenheim T, Ganz E. Post-anti-van't Hoff-Le Bel motif in atomically thin germanium–copper alloy film. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:17545-51. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp02827b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We predict a novel planar hypercoordinate Cu2Ge material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ming Yang
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science
- University of Bremen
- Bremen
- Germany
- School of Engineering and Science
| | - Ivan A. Popov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Utah State University
- Logan
- USA
| | | | - Thomas Heine
- School of Engineering and Science
- Jacobs University Bremen
- 28759 Bremen
- Germany
| | - Thomas Frauenheim
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science
- University of Bremen
- Bremen
- Germany
| | - Eric Ganz
- Department of Physics
- University of Minnesota
- Minneapolis
- USA
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16
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Li Y, Liao Y, Schleyer PVR, Chen Z. Al₂C monolayer: the planar tetracoordinate carbon global minimum. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:10784-10791. [PMID: 25102440 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr01972e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by our theoretical finding that C₂Al₆(2-) has a planar D₂h minimum with two planar tetracoordinate carbons (ptCs), we computationally designed a new two-dimensional (2D) inorganic material, an Al₂C monolayer. All carbons in this monolayer are ptC's, stabilized inductively by binding to four electropositive Al atoms in the same plane. The Al₂C monolayer is semiconducting with an indirect minimum band gap and a slightly larger direct band gap. Good persistence of the Al₂C monolayer is indicated by its moderate cohesive energy, the absence of imaginary modes in its phonon spectrum, and the high melting point predicted by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Moreover, a particle-swarm optimization (PSO) global minimum search found the Al₂C monolayer to be the lowest-energy 2D structure compared to other Al₂C alternatives. Dividing the Al₂C monolayer results in one-dimensional (1D) Al₂C nanoribbons, which are computed to have quite rich characteristics such as direct or indirect band gaps with various values, depending on the direction of the division and the resulting edge configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Functional Nanomaterials, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, PR 00931, USA.
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17
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Li Y, Liao Y, Chen Z. Be
2
C Monolayer with Quasi‐Planar Hexacoordinate Carbons: A Global Minimum Structure. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:7248-52. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201403833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023 (China)
| | - Yunlong Liao
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Functional Nanomaterials, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, San Juan, PR 00931 (USA)
| | - Zhongfang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Functional Nanomaterials, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, San Juan, PR 00931 (USA)
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Dai J, Wu X, Yang J, Zeng XC. AlxC Monolayer Sheets: Two-Dimensional Networks with Planar Tetracoordinate Carbon and Potential Applications as Donor Materials in Solar Cell. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:2058-65. [PMID: 26270493 DOI: 10.1021/jz500674e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We perform a global search of the most stable structures of 2D stoichiometric AlxC (x = 1/3, 1, 2, and 3) monolayer sheets. In the most stable 2D planar AlC network, every carbon atom is tetracoordinated. In addition to the structure of AlC, structures of the most stable Al2C and Al3C monolayer sheets are also predicted for the first time. AlC and Al2C monolayers are semiconducting, while Al3C monolayer is metallic. In particular, Al2C monolayer possesses a bandgap of 1.05 eV (based on HSE06 calculation), a value suitable for photovoltaic applications. Moreover, three Al2C/WSe2, Al2C/MoTe2, and AlC/ZnO van der Waals heterobilayers are investigated, and their power conversion efficiencies are estimated to be in the range of 12-18%. The near-perfect match in lattice constants between the Al2C monolayer and PdO (100) surface suggests strong likelihood of experimental realization of the Al2C monolayer on the PdO (100) substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Dai
- †Department of Chemistry and Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 536 Hamilton Hall, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- ‡CAS Key Lab of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Hefei National Lab for Physical Science at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 JinZhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jinlong Yang
- §Department of Chemical Physics and Hefei National Lab for Physical Science at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 JinZhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xiao Cheng Zeng
- †Department of Chemistry and Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 536 Hamilton Hall, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
- §Department of Chemical Physics and Hefei National Lab for Physical Science at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 JinZhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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19
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Li Y, Liao Y, Chen Z. Be
2
C Monolayer with Quasi‐Planar Hexacoordinate Carbons: A Global Minimum Structure. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201403833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023 (China)
| | - Yunlong Liao
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Functional Nanomaterials, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, San Juan, PR 00931 (USA)
| | - Zhongfang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Functional Nanomaterials, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, San Juan, PR 00931 (USA)
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Li F, Jiang DE, Chen Z. Computational quest for spherical C12B68 fullerenes with “magic” π-electrons and quasi-planar tetra-coordinated carbon. J Mol Model 2014; 20:2085. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-014-2085-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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22
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Edge decorated SiC nanoribbons with metal: Coexistence of planar tetracoordinate carbon and silicon. Chem Phys Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2013.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Theoretical studies on the pentaatomic planar tetracoordinate carbon molecules CGa3Si and CGa3Si−. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2012.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Wu YB, Li ZX, Pu XH, Wang ZX. Computational design of linear, flat, and tubular nanomolecules using planar tetracoordinate carbon C2Al4 units. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2012.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Wu YB, Duan Y, Lu G, Lu HG, Yang P, Schleyer PVR, Merino G, Islas R, Wang ZX. D3h CN3Be3+ and CO3Li3+: viable planar hexacoordinate carbon prototypes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:14760-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp41822c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Cui ZH, Contreras M, Ding YH, Merino G. Planar Tetracoordinate Carbon versus Planar Tetracoordinate Boron: The Case of CB4 and Its Cation. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:13228-31. [DOI: 10.1021/ja203682a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-hua Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Maryel Contreras
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n, 36050 Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Yi-hong Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gabriel Merino
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n, 36050 Guanajuato, Mexico
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Xiao B, Ding YH, Sun CC. Beryllium and boron decoration forms planar tetracoordinate carbon strips at the edge of graphene nanoribbons. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:2732-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp01498b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Li Y, Li F, Zhou Z, Chen Z. SiC2 Silagraphene and Its One-Dimensional Derivatives: Where Planar Tetracoordinate Silicon Happens. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 133:900-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ja107711m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Li
- Institute of New Energy Material Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metal and Molecule Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Fengyu Li
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Functional Nanomaterials, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan 00931, Puerto Rico
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Institute of New Energy Material Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metal and Molecule Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhongfang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Functional Nanomaterials, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan 00931, Puerto Rico
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Guo J, Li S. Planar Tetracoordinate Carbon Atoms in M
4
C Square Sheets (M = Ni, Pd, and Pt) Sandwiched between the Large π‐Coordinating Ligands [C
8
H
8
]
2–
and [C
9
H
9
]
–. Eur J Inorg Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201000620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin‐Chang Guo
- Institute of Molecular Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, P. R. China
- Institute of Material Sciences, Xinzhou Teachers University, Xinzhou 034000, Shanxi, P. R. China
| | - Si‐Dian Li
- Institute of Molecular Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, P. R. China
- Institute of Material Sciences, Xinzhou Teachers University, Xinzhou 034000, Shanxi, P. R. China
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Wu YB, Jiang JL, Zhang RW, Wang ZX. Computationally designed families of flat, tubular, and cage molecules assembled with "starbenzene" building blocks through hydrogen-bridge bonds. Chemistry 2010; 16:1271-80. [PMID: 19950333 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200901983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Using density functional calculations, we demonstrate that the planarity of the nonclassical planar tetracoordinate carbon (ptC) arrangement can be utilized to construct new families of flat, tubular, and cage molecules which are geometrically akin to graphenes, carbon nanotubes, and fullerenes but have fundamentally different chemical bonds. These molecules are assembled with a single type of hexagonal blocks called starbenzene (D(6h) C(6)Be(6)H(6)) through hydrogen-bridge bonds that have an average bonding energy of 25.4-33.1 kcal mol(-1). Starbenzene is an aromatic molecule with six pi electrons, but its carbon atoms prefer ptC arrangements rather than the planar trigonal sp(2) arrangements like those in benzene. Various stability assessments indicate their excellent stabilities for experimental realization. For example, one starbenzene unit in an infinite two-dimensional molecular sheet lies on average 154.1 kcal mol(-1) below three isolated linear C(2)Be(2)H(2) (global minimum) monomers. This value is close to the energy lowering of 157.4 kcal mol(-1) of benzene relative to three acetylene molecules. The ptC bonding in starbenzene can be extended to give new series of starlike monocyclic aromatic molecules (D(4h) C(4)Be(4)H(4)(2-), D(5h) C(5)Be(5)H(5)(-), D(6h) C(6)Be(6)H(6), D(7h) C(7)Be(7)H(7)(+), D(8h) C(8)Be(8)H(8)(2-), and D(9h) C(9)Be(9)H(9)(-)), known as starenes. The starene isomers with classical trigonal carbon sp(2) bonding are all less stable than the corresponding starlike starenes. Similarly, lithiated C(5)Be(5)H(5) can be assembled into a C(60)-like molecule. The chemical bonding involved in the title molecules includes aromaticity, ptC arrangements, hydrogen-bridge bonds, ionic bonds, and covalent bonds, which, along with their unique geometric features, may result in new applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Bo Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Zhang C, Wang P, Liang J, Jia W, Cao Z. Theoretical study on a family of organic molecules with planar tetracoordinate carbon. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2009.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Cui ZH, Shao CB, Gao SM, Ding YH. Pentaatomic planar tetracoordinate carbon molecules [XCAl3]q [(X,q) = (B,−2), (C,−1), (N,0)] with C–X multiple bonding. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:13637-45. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp00296h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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ZHANG C, JIA W, CAO Z. Fullerene[51] with Quasi-planar Tetracoordinate Carbons and Its Derivatives. CHINESE J CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.200990148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Wu YB, Lu HG, Li SD, Wang ZX. Simplest Neutral Singlet C2E4 (E = Al, Ga, In, and Tl) Global Minima with Double Planar Tetracoordinate Carbons: Equivalence of C2 Moieties in C2E4 to Carbon Centers in CAl42− and CAl5+. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:3395-402. [DOI: 10.1021/jp8099187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Bo Wu
- Institute of Molecular Science, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Education Ministry, Shanxi University, Taiuan, 030006, Shanxi, People's Republic of China and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Gang Lu
- Institute of Molecular Science, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Education Ministry, Shanxi University, Taiuan, 030006, Shanxi, People's Republic of China and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Dian Li
- Institute of Molecular Science, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Education Ministry, Shanxi University, Taiuan, 030006, Shanxi, People's Republic of China and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Wang
- Institute of Molecular Science, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Education Ministry, Shanxi University, Taiuan, 030006, Shanxi, People's Republic of China and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
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