1
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Pelimanni E, Hautala L, Hans A, Kivimäki A, Kook M, Küstner-Wetekam C, Marder L, Patanen M, Huttula M. Core and Valence Level Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Nanosolvated KCl. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:4750-4759. [PMID: 34034483 PMCID: PMC8279652 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c01539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The solvation of alkali and halide ions in the aqueous environment has been a subject of intense experimental and theoretical research with multidisciplinary interests; yet, a comprehensive molecular-level understanding has still not been obtained. In recent years, electron spectroscopy has been increasingly applied to study the electronic and structural properties of aqueous ions with implications, especially in atmospheric chemistry. In this work, we report core and valence level (Cl 2p, Cl 3p, and K 3p) photoelectron spectra of the common alkali halide, KCl, doped in gas-phase water clusters in the size range of a few hundred water molecules. The results indicate that the electronic structure of these nanosolutions shows a distinct character from that observed at the liquid-vapor interface in liquid microjets and ambient pressure setups. Insights are provided into the unique solvation properties of ions in a nanoaqueous environment, emerging properties of bulk electrolyte solutions with growing cluster size, and sensitivity of the electronic structure to varying solvation configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eetu Pelimanni
- Nano
and Molecular Systems Research Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Lauri Hautala
- Nano
and Molecular Systems Research Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Andreas Hans
- Nano
and Molecular Systems Research Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
- Universität
Kassel, Institut für Physik und CINSaT, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Antti Kivimäki
- Nano
and Molecular Systems Research Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
- MAX
IV Laboratory, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Mati Kook
- Institute
of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwaldi 1, EE-50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Catmarna Küstner-Wetekam
- Universität
Kassel, Institut für Physik und CINSaT, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Lutz Marder
- Universität
Kassel, Institut für Physik und CINSaT, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Minna Patanen
- Nano
and Molecular Systems Research Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Marko Huttula
- Nano
and Molecular Systems Research Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
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2
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Malerz S, Trinter F, Hergenhahn U, Ghrist A, Ali H, Nicolas C, Saak CM, Richter C, Hartweg S, Nahon L, Lee C, Goy C, Neumark DM, Meijer G, Wilkinson I, Winter B, Thürmer S. Low-energy constraints on photoelectron spectra measured from liquid water and aqueous solutions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:8246-8260. [PMID: 33710216 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00430a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report on the effects of electron collision and indirect ionization processes, occurring at photoexcitation and electron kinetic energies well below 30 eV, on the photoemission spectra of liquid water. We show that the nascent photoelectron spectrum and, hence, the inferred electron binding energy can only be accurately determined if electron energies are large enough that cross sections for quasi-elastic scattering processes, such as vibrational excitation, are negligible. Otherwise, quasi-elastic scattering leads to strong, down-to-few-meV kinetic energy scattering losses from the direct photoelectron features, which manifest in severely distorted intrinsic photoelectron peak shapes. The associated cross-over point from predominant (known) electronically inelastic to quasi-elastic scattering seems to arise at surprisingly large electron kinetic energies, of approximately 10-14 eV. Concomitantly, we present evidence for the onset of indirect, autoionization phenomena (occurring via superexcited states) within a few eV of the primary and secondary ionization thresholds. These processes are inferred to compete with the direct ionization channels and primarily produce low-energy photoelectrons at photon and electron impact excitation energies below ∼15 eV. Our results highlight that vibrational inelastic electron scattering processes and neutral photoexcitation and autoionization channels become increasingly important when photon and electron kinetic energies are decreased towards the ionization threshold. Correspondingly, we show that for neat water and aqueous solutions, great care must be taken when quantitatively analyzing photoelectron spectra measured too close to the ionization threshold. Such care is essential for the accurate determination of solvent and solute ionization energies as well as photoelectron branching ratios and peak magnitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Malerz
- Molecular Physics Department, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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3
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Zhang H, Li X, Wang W, Mao B, Han Y, Yu Y, Liu Z. Ambient pressure mapping of resonant Auger spectroscopy at BL02B01 at the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:123108. [PMID: 33379983 DOI: 10.1063/5.0020469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
During the past few decades, resonant Auger spectroscopy (RAS) has presented some advantages in elucidating the electronic structure of free molecules, liquids, and solids. To further extend the application of RAS in complex in situ environments, the ambient pressure system should be developed to characterize the gas-solid and liquid-solid interfaces. In this paper, we describe the design and performance of an ambient pressure mapping of resonant Auger spectroscopy (mRAS) system newly developed at BL02B01 at the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility. This system is unique in that the ambient pressure soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy (sXAS) can be measured in Auger electron yield with kinetic energy (KE) resolved. We can obtain a mapping of the resonant Auger spectroscopy (mRAS) in the near ambient pressure environment. This approach provides an additional dimension of information along the KE of Auger electrons to reveal details of the valence and unoccupied states at the vicinity of the absorption edge. Complementary to the photoemission spectroscopy that probes the core levels, in situ two-dimension mRAS characterization is useful in studying the electronic structure of complex interfaces of gas-solid and liquid-solid under realistic operating conditions. We herein present the in situ oxidation of Cu(111) in the ambient oxygen environment as demonstration of the mRAS capability. Specifically, resolving the Auger features gives valuable clues to the molecular level understanding of chemical bonding and the evolution of orbital hybridization. In addition, the mRAS results of spatial resolution and mbar range gas pressure are shown and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Xiaobao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Baohua Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Yong Han
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yi Yu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
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4
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Fogarty RM, Palgrave RG, Bourne RA, Handrup K, Villar-Garcia IJ, Payne DJ, Hunt PA, Lovelock KRJ. Electron spectroscopy of ionic liquids: experimental identification of atomic orbital contributions to valence electronic structure. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:18893-18910. [PMID: 31441923 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02200g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The atomic contributions to valence electronic structure for 37 ionic liquids (ILs) are identified using a combination of variable photon energy XPS, resonant Auger electron spectroscopy (RAES) and a subtraction method. The ILs studied include a diverse range of cationic and anionic structural moieties. We introduce a new parameter for ILs, the energy difference between the energies of the cationic and anionic highest occupied fragment orbitals (HOFOs), which we use to identify the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO). The anion gave rise to the HOMO for 25 of the 37 ILs studied here. For 10 of the ILs, the energies of the cationic and anionic HOFOs were the same (within experimental error); therefore, it could not be determined whether the HOMO was from the cation or the anion. For two of the ILs, the HOMO was from the cation and not from the anion; consequently it is energetically more favourable to remove an electron from the cation than the anion for these two ILs. In addition, we used a combination of area normalisation and subtraction of XP spectra to produce what are effectively XP spectra for individual ions; this was achieved for 10 cations and 14 anions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Richard A Bourne
- Institute of Process Research and Development, Schools of Chemistry and Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, UK
| | | | | | - David J Payne
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, UK
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5
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Yin Z, Inhester L, Thekku Veedu S, Quevedo W, Pietzsch A, Wernet P, Groenhof G, Föhlisch A, Grubmüller H, Techert S. Cationic and Anionic Impact on the Electronic Structure of Liquid Water. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:3759-3764. [PMID: 28742347 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydration shells around ions are crucial for many fundamental biological and chemical processes. Their local physicochemical properties are quite different from those of bulk water and hard to probe experimentally. We address this problem by combining soft X-ray spectroscopy using a liquid jet and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations together with ab initio electronic structure calculations to elucidate the water-ion interaction in a MgCl2 solution at the molecular level. Our results reveal that salt ions mainly affect the electronic properties of water molecules in close vicinity and that the oxygen K-edge X-ray emission spectrum of water molecules in the first solvation shell differs significantly from that of bulk water. Ion-specific effects are identified by fingerprint features in the water X-ray emission spectra. While Mg2+ ions cause a bathochromic shift of the water lone pair orbital, the 3p orbital of the Cl- ions causes an additional peak in the water emission spectrum at around 528 eV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Yin
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY , Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry , Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ludger Inhester
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY , Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science , Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sreevidya Thekku Veedu
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY , Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry , Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wilson Quevedo
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin GmbH , Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Annette Pietzsch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin GmbH , Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Philippe Wernet
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin GmbH , Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerrit Groenhof
- University of Jyväskylä , P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Alexander Föhlisch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin GmbH , Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- University of Potsdam , Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Helmut Grubmüller
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry , Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Simone Techert
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY , Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry , Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- University of Göttingen , Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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6
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Jeyachandran YL, Meyer F, Benkert A, Bär M, Blum M, Yang W, Reinert F, Heske C, Weinhardt L, Zharnikov M. Investigation of the Ionic Hydration in Aqueous Salt Solutions by Soft X-ray Emission Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:7687-95. [PMID: 27442708 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b03952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the molecular structure of the hydration shells and their impact on the hydrogen bond (HB) network of water in aqueous salt solutions is a fundamentally important and technically relevant question. In the present work, such hydration effects were studied for a series of representative salt solutions (NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, MgCl2, and KBr) by soft X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) and resonant inelastic soft X-ray scattering (RIXS). The oxygen K-edge XES spectra could be described with three components, attributed to initial state HB configurations in pure water, water molecules that have undergone an ultrafast dissociation initiated by the X-ray excitation, and water molecules in contact with salt ions. The behavior of the individual components, as well as the spectral shape of the latter component, has been analyzed in detail. In view of the role of ions in such effects as protein denaturation (i.e., the Hofmeister series), we discuss the ion-specific nature of the hydration shells and find that the results point to a predominant role of anions as compared to cations. Furthermore, we observe a concentration-dependent suppression of ultrafast dissociation in all salt solutions, associated with a significant distortion of intact HB configurations of water molecules facilitating such a dissociation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y L Jeyachandran
- Angewandte Physikalische Chemie, Universität Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F Meyer
- Experimentelle Physik VII, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - A Benkert
- Experimentelle Physik VII, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation (IPS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Hermann-v.-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - M Bär
- Renewable Energy, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany.,Institute für Physik und Chemie, Brandenburgische Technische Universität Cottbus-Senftenberg , Platz der Deutschen Einheit 1, 03046 Cottbus, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV) , 4505 Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154-4003, United States
| | - M Blum
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV) , 4505 Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154-4003, United States
| | - W Yang
- Advanced Light Source (ALS), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - F Reinert
- Experimentelle Physik VII, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - C Heske
- Institute for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation (IPS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Hermann-v.-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV) , 4505 Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154-4003, United States.,Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Engesserstrasse 18/20, 76028 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - L Weinhardt
- Institute for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation (IPS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Hermann-v.-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV) , 4505 Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154-4003, United States.,Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Engesserstrasse 18/20, 76028 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Zharnikov
- Angewandte Physikalische Chemie, Universität Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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7
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Gaiduk AP, Govoni M, Seidel R, Skone JH, Winter B, Galli G. Photoelectron Spectra of Aqueous Solutions from First Principles. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:6912-5. [PMID: 27105336 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We present a combined computational and experimental study of the photoelectron spectrum of a simple aqueous solution of NaCl. Measurements were conducted on microjets, and first-principles calculations were performed using hybrid functionals and many-body perturbation theory at the G0W0 level, starting with wave functions computed in ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. We show excellent agreement between theory and experiments for the positions of both the solute and solvent excitation energies on an absolute energy scale and for peak intensities. The best comparison was obtained using wave functions obtained with dielectric-dependent self-consistent and range-separated hybrid functionals. Our computational protocol opens the way to accurate, predictive calculations of the electronic properties of electrolytes, of interest to a variety of energy problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex P Gaiduk
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Marco Govoni
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Robert Seidel
- Methods for Material Development, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie , D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonathan H Skone
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Bernd Winter
- Methods for Material Development, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie , D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Giulia Galli
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
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8
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Seidel R, Atak K, Thürmer S, Aziz EF, Winter B. Ti3+ Aqueous Solution: Hybridization and Electronic Relaxation Probed by State-Dependent Electron Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b03337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Seidel
- Institute
of Methods for Material Development, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Albert-Einstein-Strasse
15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kaan Atak
- Institute
of Methods for Material Development, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Albert-Einstein-Strasse
15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Thürmer
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Emad F. Aziz
- Institute
of Methods for Material Development, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Albert-Einstein-Strasse
15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14159 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Winter
- Institute
of Methods for Material Development, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Albert-Einstein-Strasse
15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
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9
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10
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Kothe A, Wilke M, Moguilevski A, Engel N, Winter B, Kiyan IY, Aziz EF. Charge transfer to solvent dynamics in iodide aqueous solution studied at ionization threshold. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:1918-24. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp02482f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The population of charge-transfer-to-solvent states in iodide aqueous solution can undergo via non-resonant multiphoton electronic excitation above the vacuum level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kothe
- Joint Laboratory for Ultrafast Dynamics in Solutions and at Interfaces (JULiq)
- Institute of Methods for Material Development
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin
- D-12489 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Martin Wilke
- Joint Laboratory for Ultrafast Dynamics in Solutions and at Interfaces (JULiq)
- Institute of Methods for Material Development
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin
- D-12489 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Alexandre Moguilevski
- Joint Laboratory for Ultrafast Dynamics in Solutions and at Interfaces (JULiq)
- Institute of Methods for Material Development
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin
- D-12489 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Nicholas Engel
- Joint Laboratory for Ultrafast Dynamics in Solutions and at Interfaces (JULiq)
- Institute of Methods for Material Development
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin
- D-12489 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Bernd Winter
- Joint Laboratory for Ultrafast Dynamics in Solutions and at Interfaces (JULiq)
- Institute of Methods for Material Development
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin
- D-12489 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Igor Yu. Kiyan
- Joint Laboratory for Ultrafast Dynamics in Solutions and at Interfaces (JULiq)
- Institute of Methods for Material Development
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin
- D-12489 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Emad F. Aziz
- Joint Laboratory for Ultrafast Dynamics in Solutions and at Interfaces (JULiq)
- Institute of Methods for Material Development
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin
- D-12489 Berlin
- Germany
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11
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Ritze HH, Lübcke A. Comment on “Charge transfer to solvent dynamics in iodide aqueous solution studied at ionization threshold” by A. Kothe, M. Wilke, A. Moguilevski, N. Engel, B. Winter, I. Y. Kiyan and E. F. Aziz, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2015, 17, 1918. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:18193-4; discussion 18195. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp00346f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We critically discuss recent results about CTTS dynamics in aqueous iodide solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Hermann Ritze
- Max-Born-Institut für nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie
- 12489 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Andrea Lübcke
- Max-Born-Institut für nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie
- 12489 Berlin
- Germany
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12
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Kothe A, Wilke M, Moguilevski A, Engel N, Winter B, Kiyan IY, Aziz EF. Reply to the ‘Comment on “Charge Transfer to Solvent Dynamics in Iodide Aqueous Solution Studied at Ionization Threshold”’ by A. Lübcke and H.-H. Ritze, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2015, 17, DOI: 10.1039/C5CP00346F. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp01804h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Following multiphoton excitation above the vacuum threshold, the charge transfer dynamics involves the population of a transient intermediate state, |t〉.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kothe
- Joint Laboratory for Ultrafast Dynamics in Solutions and at Interfaces (JULiq)
- Institute of Methods for Material Development
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin
- D-12489 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Martin Wilke
- Joint Laboratory for Ultrafast Dynamics in Solutions and at Interfaces (JULiq)
- Institute of Methods for Material Development
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin
- D-12489 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Alexandre Moguilevski
- Joint Laboratory for Ultrafast Dynamics in Solutions and at Interfaces (JULiq)
- Institute of Methods for Material Development
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin
- D-12489 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Nicholas Engel
- Joint Laboratory for Ultrafast Dynamics in Solutions and at Interfaces (JULiq)
- Institute of Methods for Material Development
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin
- D-12489 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Bernd Winter
- Joint Laboratory for Ultrafast Dynamics in Solutions and at Interfaces (JULiq)
- Institute of Methods for Material Development
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin
- D-12489 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Igor Yu. Kiyan
- Joint Laboratory for Ultrafast Dynamics in Solutions and at Interfaces (JULiq)
- Institute of Methods for Material Development
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin
- D-12489 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Emad F. Aziz
- Joint Laboratory for Ultrafast Dynamics in Solutions and at Interfaces (JULiq)
- Institute of Methods for Material Development
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin
- D-12489 Berlin
- Germany
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13
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Jeyachandran YL, Meyer F, Nagarajan S, Benkert A, Bär M, Blum M, Yang W, Reinert F, Heske C, Weinhardt L, Zharnikov M. Ion-Solvation-Induced Molecular Reorganization in Liquid Water Probed by Resonant Inelastic Soft X-ray Scattering. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:4143-4148. [PMID: 26278946 DOI: 10.1021/jz502186a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The molecular structure of liquid water is susceptible to changes upon admixture of salts due to ionic solvation, which provides the basis of many chemical and biochemical processes. Here we demonstrate how the local electronic structure of aqueous potassium chloride (KCl) solutions can be studied by resonant inelastic soft X-ray scattering (RIXS) to monitor the effects of the ion solvation on the hydrogen-bond (HB) network of liquid water. Significant changes in the oxygen K-edge emission spectra are observed with increasing KCl concentration. These changes can be attributed to modifications in the proton dynamics, caused by a specific coordination structure around the salt ions. Analysis of the spectator decay spectra reveals a spectral signature that could be characteristic of this structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yekkoni L Jeyachandran
- †Angewandte Physikalische Chemie, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Meyer
- ‡Experimentelle Physik VII, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sankaranarayanan Nagarajan
- †Angewandte Physikalische Chemie, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Benkert
- ‡Experimentelle Physik VII, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- §Institute for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-v.-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Marcus Bär
- ∥Solar Energy Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
- ⊥Institut für Physik und Chemie, Brandenburgische Technische Universität Cottbus-Senftenberg, Platz der Deutschen Einheit 1, 03046 Cottbus, Germany
- #Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV), 4505 Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154-4003, United States
| | - Monika Blum
- #Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV), 4505 Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154-4003, United States
| | - Wanli Yang
- ∇Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Friedrich Reinert
- ‡Experimentelle Physik VII, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Clemens Heske
- §Institute for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-v.-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- #Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV), 4505 Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154-4003, United States
- ○ANKA Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-v.-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- ◆Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 18/20, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Lothar Weinhardt
- §Institute for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-v.-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- #Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV), 4505 Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154-4003, United States
- ○ANKA Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-v.-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- ◆Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 18/20, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Michael Zharnikov
- †Angewandte Physikalische Chemie, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Partanen L, Mikkelä MH, Huttula M, Tchaplyguine M, Zhang C, Andersson T, Björneholm O. Solvation at nanoscale: Alkali-halides in water clusters. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:044301. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4775586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Lange KM, Aziz EF. Electronic structure of ions and molecules in solution: a view from modern soft X-ray spectroscopies. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:6840-59. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs00008g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Golnak R, Atak K, Suljoti E, Hodeck KF, Lange KM, Soldatov MA, Engel N, Aziz EF. Local electronic structure of aqueous zinc acetate: oxygen K-edge X-ray absorption and emission spectroscopy on micro-jets. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:8046-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp50686j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Ottosson N, Öhrwall G, Björneholm O. Ultrafast charge delocalization dynamics in aqueous electrolytes: New insights from Auger electron spectroscopy. Chem Phys Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2012.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Lange KM, Kothe A, Aziz EF. Chemistry in solution: recent techniques and applications using soft X-ray spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:5331-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp24028a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Thürmer S, Seidel R, Eberhardt W, Bradforth SE, Winter B. Ultrafast Hybridization Screening in Fe3+ Aqueous Solution. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:12528-35. [DOI: 10.1021/ja200268b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Thürmer
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, and BESSY, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Seidel
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, and BESSY, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Eberhardt
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, and BESSY, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephen E. Bradforth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Bernd Winter
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, and BESSY, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
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The solvent shell structure of aqueous iodide: X-ray absorption spectroscopy and classical, hybrid QM/MM and full quantum molecular dynamics simulations. Chem Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2010.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Ottosson N, Vácha R, Aziz EF, Pokapanich W, Eberhardt W, Svensson S, Ohrwall G, Jungwirth P, Björneholm O, Winter B. Large variations in the propensity of aqueous oxychlorine anions for the solution/vapor interface. J Chem Phys 2009; 131:124706. [PMID: 19791911 DOI: 10.1063/1.3236805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Core-level photoelectron spectroscopy measurements have been performed of aqueous solutions of NaCl codissolved with NaClO(n) (n=1-4). Each species has a distinct Cl 2p electron binding energy, which can be exploited for depth-profiling experiments to study the competition between Cl(-) and ClO(n)(-) anions for residing in the outermost layers of the solution/vapor interface. Strongest propensity for the surface is observed for n=4 (perchlorate), followed by n=3 (chlorate), n=2 (chlorite), n=0 (chloride), and n=1 (hypochlorite). Molecular dynamics simulations rationalize the greatest surface propensity of the most oxidized anions in terms of their larger size and polarizability. The anomalous behavior of hypochlorite, being less surface-active than chloride, although it is both larger and more polarizable, is suggested to arise from the charge asymmetry over the anion, increasing its efficiency for bulk solvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Ottosson
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, Uppsala University, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Vig AL, Haldrup K, Enevoldsen N, Thilsted AH, Eriksen J, Kristensen A, Feidenhans'l R, Nielsen MM. Windowless microfluidic platform based on capillary burst valves for high intensity x-ray measurements. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2009; 80:115114. [PMID: 19947764 DOI: 10.1063/1.3262498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We propose and describe a microfluidic system for high intensity x-ray measurements. The required open access to a microfluidic channel is provided by an out-of-plane capillary burst valve (CBV). The functionality of the out-of-plane CBV is characterized with respect to the diameter of the windowless access hole, ranging from 10 to 130 microm. Maximum driving pressures from 22 to 280 mbar corresponding to refresh rates of the exposed sample from 300 Hz to 54 kHz is demonstrated. The microfluidic system is tested at beamline ID09b at the ESRF synchrotron radiation facility in Grenoble, and x-ray scattering measurements are shown to be feasible and to require only very limited amounts of sample, <1 ml/h of measurements without recapturing of sample. With small adjustments of the present chip design, scattering angles up to 30 degrees can be achieved without shadowing effects and integration on-chip mixing and spectroscopy appears straightforward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asger Laurberg Vig
- Department of Micro and Nanotechnology, DTU Nanotech, Technical University of Denmark, Building 345east, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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Galamba N, Mata RA, Cabral BJC. Electronic Excitation of Cl− in Liquid Water and at the Surface of a Cluster: A Sequential Born−Oppenheimer Molecular Dynamics/Quantum Mechanics Approach. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:14684-90. [DOI: 10.1021/jp904687k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Galamba
- Grupo de Física Matemática da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Gama Pinto 2, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal, and Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ricardo A. Mata
- Grupo de Física Matemática da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Gama Pinto 2, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal, and Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Benedito J. Costa Cabral
- Grupo de Física Matemática da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Gama Pinto 2, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal, and Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
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Pokapanich W, Bergersen H, Bradeanu IL, Marinho RRT, Lindblad A, Legendre S, Rosso A, Svensson S, Björneholm O, Tchaplyguine M, Ohrwall G, Kryzhevoi NV, Cederbaum LS. Auger electron spectroscopy as a probe of the solution of aqueous ions. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:7264-71. [PMID: 19432425 DOI: 10.1021/ja8096866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aqueous potassium chloride has been studied by synchrotron-radiation excited core-level photoelectron and Auger electron spectroscopy. In the Auger spectrum of the potassium ion, the main feature comprises the final states where two outer valence holes are localized on potassium. This spectrum exhibits also another feature at a higher kinetic energy which is related to final states where outer valence holes reside on different subunits. Through ab initio calculations for microsolvated clusters, these subunits have been assigned as potassium ions and the surrounding water molecules. The situation is more complicated in the Auger spectrum of the chloride anion. One-center and multicenter final states are present here as well but overlap energetically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wandared Pokapanich
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 530, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
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Brown MA, Faubel M, Winter B. X-Ray photo- and resonant Auger-electron spectroscopy studies of liquid water and aqueous solutions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b803023p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Aziz EF, Ottosson N, Faubel M, Hertel IV, Winter B. Interaction between liquid water and hydroxide revealed by core-hole de-excitation. Nature 2008; 455:89-91. [DOI: 10.1038/nature07252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2007] [Accepted: 07/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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