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Rajput SS, Raghuvanshi N, Banana T, Yadav P, Alam MM. Why does the orientation of azulene affect the two-photon activity of a porphyrinoid-azulene system? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:15611-15619. [PMID: 38758026 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00438h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Attaching a dipolar molecule in a symmetric system induces a major change in the electronic structure, which may be reflected as the enhancement of the optical and charge-transfer properties of the combined system as compared to the pristine ones. Furthermore, the orientation of the dipolar molecule may also affect the said properties. This idea is explored in this work by taking porphyrinoid molecules as the pristine systems. We attached azulene, a dipolar molecule, at various positions of five porphyrinoid cores and studied the effect on charge-transfer and one- and two-photon absorption properties using the state-of-the-art RICC2 method. The attachment of azulene produces two major effects - firstly it introduces asymmetry in the system and, secondly, being dipolar, it makes the resultant molecule dipolar/quadrupolar. Porphyrin, N-confused porphyrin, sub-porphyrin, sapphyrin, and hexaphyrin are used as core porphyrinoid systems. The change in charge-transfer has been studied using the orbital analysis and charge-transfer distance parameter for the first five singlet states of the systems. The effect of orientation of azulene on the said properties is also explored. The insights gained from our observations are explored further at the dipole and transition dipole moment levels using a three-state model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Singh Rajput
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai, Durg, Chhattisgarh-491001, India.
| | - Nikita Raghuvanshi
- Centre for Basic Sciences, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
- School of Studies in Chemistry, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, India
| | - Tejendra Banana
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai, Durg, Chhattisgarh-491001, India.
| | - Pooja Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai, Durg, Chhattisgarh-491001, India.
| | - Md Mehboob Alam
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai, Durg, Chhattisgarh-491001, India.
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2
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Valiev RR, Kurten T, Valiulina LI, Ketkov SY, Cherepanov VN, Dimitrova M, Sundholm D. Magnetically induced ring currents in metallocenothiaporphyrins. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:1666-1674. [PMID: 34981802 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04779e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The magnetically induced current-density susceptibility tensor (CDT) of the lowest singlet and triplet states of the metallocenothiaporphyrins, where the metal is V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Mo, Tc, Ru, or Rh, have been studied with the gauge-including magnetically induced currents (GIMIC) method. The compounds containing V, Mn, Co, Tc or Rh were studied as cations because the neutral molecules have an odd number of electrons. The calculations show that the aromatic nature of most of the studied molecules follows the Hückel and Baird rules of aromaticity. CDT calculations on the high-spin states of the neutral metallocenothiaporphyrins with V, Mn, Co, Tc or Rh also shows that these molecules follow a unified extended Hückel and Baird aromaticity orbital-count rule stating that molecules with an odd number of occupied conjugated valence orbitals are aromatic, whereas molecules with an even number of occupied conjugated orbitals are antiaromatic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashid R Valiev
- Department of Optics and Spectroscopy, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Theo Kurten
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Lenara I Valiulina
- Department of Optics and Spectroscopy, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Sergey Yu Ketkov
- Laboratory of Structures of Organometallic and Coordination Compounds, G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry RAS, 49 Tropinin St., Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - Viktor N Cherepanov
- Department of Optics and Spectroscopy, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Maria Dimitrova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Dage Sundholm
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
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3
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Desmedt E, Woller T, Teunissen JL, De Vleeschouwer F, Alonso M. Fine-Tuning of Nonlinear Optical Contrasts of Hexaphyrin-Based Molecular Switches Using Inverse Design. Front Chem 2021; 9:786036. [PMID: 34926405 PMCID: PMC8677951 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.786036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the search for new nonlinear optical (NLO) switching devices, expanded porphyrins have emerged as ideal candidates thanks to their tunable chemical and photophysical properties. Introducing meso-substituents to these macrocycles is a successful strategy to enhance the NLO contrasts. Despite its potential, the influence of meso-substitution on their structural and geometrical properties has been scarcely investigated. In this work, we pursue to grasp the underlying pivotal concepts for the fine-tuning of the NLO contrasts of hexaphyrin-based molecular switches, with a particular focus on the first hyperpolarizability related to the hyper-Rayleigh scattering (βHRS). Building further on these concepts, we also aim to develop a rational design protocol. Starting from the (un)substituted hexaphyrins with various π-conjugation topologies and redox states, structure-property relationships are established linking aromaticity, photophysical properties and βHRS responses. Ultimately, inverse molecular design using the best-first search algorithm is applied on the most favorable switches with the aim to further explore the combinatorial chemical compound space of meso-substituted hexaphyrins in search of high-contrast NLO switches. Two definitions of the figure-of-merit of the switch performance were used as target objectives in the optimization problem. Several meso-substitution patterns and their underlying characteristics are identified, uncovering molecular symmetry and the electronic nature of the substituents as the key players for fine-tuning the βHRS values and NLO contrasts of hexaphyrin-based switches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline Desmedt
- General Chemistry - Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC), Department of Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tatiana Woller
- General Chemistry - Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC), Department of Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jos L Teunissen
- General Chemistry - Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC), Department of Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Freija De Vleeschouwer
- General Chemistry - Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC), Department of Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mercedes Alonso
- General Chemistry - Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC), Department of Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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4
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Kim J, Oh J, Osuka A, Kim D. Porphyrinoids, a unique platform for exploring excited-state aromaticity. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 51:268-292. [PMID: 34879124 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00742d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Recently, Baird (anti)aromaticity has been referred to as a description of excited-state (anti)aromaticity. With the term of Baird's rule, recent studies have intensively verified that the Hückel aromatic [4n + 2]π (or antiaromatic [4n]π) molecules in the ground state are reversed to give Baird aromatic [4n]π (or Baird antiaromatic [4n + 2]π) molecules in the excited states. Since the Hückel (anti)aromaticity has great influence on the molecular properties and reaction mechanisms, the Baird (anti)aromaticity has been expected to act as a dominant factor in governing excited-state properties and processes, which has attracted intensive scientific investigations for the verification of the concept of reversed aromaticity in the excited states. In this scientific endeavor, porphyrinoids have recently played leading roles in the demonstration of the aromaticity reversal in the excited states and its conceptual development. The distinct structural and electronic nature of porphyhrinoids depending on their (anti)aromaticity allow the direct observation of excited-state aromaticity reversal, Baird's rule. The explicit experimental demonstration with porphyrinoids has contributed greatly to its conceptual development and application in novel functional organic materials. Based on the significant role of porphyrinoids in the field of excited-state aromaticity, this review provides an overview of the experimental verification of the reversal concept of excited-state aromaticity by porphyrinoids and the recent progress on its conceptual application in novel functional molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinseok Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Juwon Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si 31538, Korea.
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
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5
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Urbańska K, Farinone M, Pawlicki M. Changes in porphyrin’s conjugation based on synthetic and post-synthetic modifications. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2019-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Porphyrins or more broadly defined porphyrinoids are the structures where the extended π-cloud can be significantly modified by several factors. The broad range of introduced structural motifs has shown a possibility of modification of conjugation by a controlled synthetic approach, leading to expected optical or magnetic behaviour, and also by post-synthetic modifications (i.e. redox or protonation/deprotonation), Both approaches lead to noticeab changes in observed properties but also open a potential for further utilization. Thus, this already constituted big family of macrocyclic structures with specific highly extended π-delocalization shows a significant contribution in several fields from fundamental studies, leading to understanding behaviour of skeletons like that with a substantial influence on biological studies and material science. The presented material focuses on the most significant examples of modifications of porphyrinoids skeleton leading to drastic changes in optical response and magnetic properties. Through the presentation, the focus will be placed on the changes leading to the most red-shifted transition as the parameter indicating extending the π-delocalization. Significantly different magnetic character will be also discussed based on the switching between aromatic/antiaromatic character assigned to macrocyclic structures that will be included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Urbańska
- Wydział Chemii , Uniwersytet Wrocławski , F. Joliot-Curie 14 , 50-383 Wrocław , Poland
| | - Marco Farinone
- Wydział Chemii , Uniwersytet Wrocławski , F. Joliot-Curie 14 , 50-383 Wrocław , Poland
| | - Miłosz Pawlicki
- Wydział Chemii , Uniwersytet Wrocławski , F. Joliot-Curie 14 , 50-383 Wrocław , Poland
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6
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Pascal S, David S, Andraud C, Maury O. Near-infrared dyes for two-photon absorption in the short-wavelength infrared: strategies towards optical power limiting. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:6613-6658. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01221a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The recent advances in the field of two-photon absorbing chromophores in the short-wavelength infrared spectral range (SWIR 1100–2500 nm) are summarized, highlighting the development of optical power limiting devices in this spectral range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Pascal
- Univ. Lyon
- ENS Lyon
- CNRS UMR 5182
- Laboratoire de Chimie
- 69364 Lyon
| | - Sylvain David
- Univ. Lyon
- ENS Lyon
- CNRS UMR 5182
- Laboratoire de Chimie
- 69364 Lyon
| | - Chantal Andraud
- Univ. Lyon
- ENS Lyon
- CNRS UMR 5182
- Laboratoire de Chimie
- 69364 Lyon
| | - Olivier Maury
- Univ. Lyon
- ENS Lyon
- CNRS UMR 5182
- Laboratoire de Chimie
- 69364 Lyon
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7
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Kim J, Kim G, Kim D. The relationship between photophysical properties and aromaticity/antiaromaticity of various expanded porphyrins — a Hans Fischer Career Award paper. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424620300074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Understanding aromaticity is crucial for predicting the molecular properties and reactivity of cyclic [Formula: see text]-conjugated systems. In this review, representative reports on the evaluation of aromaticity via spectroscopic methods in various expanded porphyrin systems are presented. The relationship between the photophysical properties and distinct aromatic characteristics in Hückel aromatic compounds was revealed through notable spectroscopic features exhibited by aromatic expanded porphyrins. Furthermore, modulating the molecular conformation and chemical environment enabled us to distinguish unique Möbius aromatic molecules successfully. These findings provide insight into the elemental molecular properties and aromaticity in expanded porphyrin systems and their potential real-world applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinseok Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Gakhyun Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
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8
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Pino-Rios R, Cárdenas-Jirón G, Tiznado W. Local and macrocyclic (anti)aromaticity of porphyrinoids revealed by the topology of the induced magnetic field. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:21267-21274. [PMID: 32935691 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03272g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The aromaticity in porphyrinoids results from the π conjugation through two different annular perimeters: the macrocyclic ring and the local heterocyclic rings appended to it. Analyses, based on aromatic stabilization energies (ASE), indicate that the local circuits (6π) are responsible for the significant aromatic stabilization of these systems. This local aromaticity can be coupled with the one from 4n + 2π macrocyclic circuit. It can either compensate for the destabilization due to a 4n π macrocyclic circuit, or be the only source of aromatic stabilization in porphyrinoids with macrocycles without π-conjugated bonds. This "multifaceted" aromatic character of porphyrinoids makes it challenging to analyze their aromaticity using magnetic descriptors because of the intricate interaction of local versus macro-cyclic circulation. In this contribution, we show that the analysis of the bifurcation of the induced magnetic field, Bind, allows clear identification and quantification of both local, and macrocyclic aromaticity, in a representative group of porphyrinioids. In porphyrin, bifurcation values accurately predict the local and macrocyclic contribution rate to overall aromatic stabilization determined by ASE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Pino-Rios
- Laboratorio de Química teórica, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 3363, Santiago, Estación Central, Región Metropolitana, Chile.
| | - Gloria Cárdenas-Jirón
- Laboratorio de Química teórica, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 3363, Santiago, Estación Central, Región Metropolitana, Chile.
| | - William Tiznado
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello (UNAB), Av. República 275, Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile.
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Li C, Li Q, Shao J, Tong Z, Ishida M, Baryshnikov G, Ågren H, Furuta H, Xie Y. Expanded N-Confused Phlorin: A Platform for a Multiply Fused Polycyclic Ring System via Oxidation within the Macrocycle. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:17195-17205. [PMID: 32985886 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Novel interrupted π-conjugated macrocycles derived from expanded porphyrinoids were synthesized, and their unique reactivity was investigated in this work. The specific porphyrin analogs, so-called phlorins and isoporphyrins, possess a meso-sp3 methylene moiety, showing inner 3NH and 1NH pyrrolic cores, respectively, and extended near-infrared (NIR) absorption. Expanded N-confused pentapyrrolic phlorin analog 1 bears an interrupted cyclic π-conjugated system that is featured by a distinct higher HOMO and a lower LUMO. Oxidation of 1 allowed structural transformations through the expanded isoporphyrin-like species 2. One of the representative products is a spiro-carbon-bridged multiply N-fused product 3 comprising a fused [5.6.5.7.6.5]-hexacyclic ring obtained by oxidation with 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzoquinone. When magic blue was used as the oxidant, an aromatic N-confused pentaphyrin 4 was obtained via migration of one of the meso-phenyl groups to the β-position of the neighboring pyrrolic ring. By employing the flexible cavity of 1 for metal coordination, Pd(II) complexation occurred with a specific meso oxygenation to give a bimetallic complex 5. In contrast to the rich oxidation reactions, reduction of 1 with NaBH4 resulted in the regioselective nucleophilic hydrogen substitution reaction at the para position of one of the meso-C6F5 groups. These results provide a practical approach for synthesizing novel interrupted or aromatic π-conjugated frameworks showing NIR absorptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjie Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qizhao Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiewei Shao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhangfa Tong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Resource Processing and Process Intensification Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Masatoshi Ishida
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, and Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Glib Baryshnikov
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, Biology School of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
| | - Hans Ågren
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, Biology School of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
| | - Hiroyuki Furuta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, and Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yongshu Xie
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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10
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Mori D, Yoneda T, Suzuki M, Hoshino T, Neya S. Deprotection of a benzyl unit induces a 22π aromatic macrocycle of 3-oxypyripentaphyrin(0.1.1.1.0) with strong NIR absorption. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:5334-5338. [PMID: 32608449 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01213k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report aromaticity switching from a 6π pyridine ring to a 22π macrocyclic ring of 3-oxypyripentaphyrin(0.1.1.1.0). This system has potential applications in photodynamic therapy owing to macrocyclic aromaticity being selectively induced by protecting group removal and strong absorption bands produced in the NIR region especially in methanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Mori
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Tomoki Yoneda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan and Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8 Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Masaaki Suzuki
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, 1060, Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Tyuji Hoshino
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Saburo Neya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
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11
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Isar P, Ravikanth M. Dibenzoylbenzodipyrroles: Key Precursors for the Synthesis of Fused meso-Aryl Sapphyrins. J Org Chem 2020; 85:7287-7296. [PMID: 32403925 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A simple strategy has been developed for the synthesis of α,α'-dibenzoylbenzodipyrroles, which are key synthons for the synthesis of fused porphyrinoids. α,α'-Dibenzoylbenzodipyrroles were characterized by high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), NMR, and X-ray crystallography. To show the use of α,α'-dibenzoylbenzodipyrrole, we synthesized five different fused meso-aryl sapphyrins under acid-catalyzed reaction conditions. α,α'-Dibenzoylbenzodipyrrole was reduced to diol and condensed with five different tripyrranes such as aza, oxa, thia, selena, and telluratripyrranes under mild acid-catalyzed conditions to afford fused meso-aryl sapphyrins in 15-18% yields. One-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) NMR studies revealed that in fused sapphyrins, the furan ring in oxabenzosapphyrin and the pyrrole ring in benzosapphyrin, which are present opposite to the benzodipyrrole moiety, attained ring inversion (inverted sapphyrins), whereas the selenophene ring in selenabenzosapphyrin and the tellurophene ring in tellurabenzosapphyrin did not show ring inversion (normal sapphyrins). However, thiabenzosapphyrin exhibits both normal and inverted conformations in different ratios. All fused sapphyrins showed typical aromatic absorption features; however, the absorption features of normal fused sapphyrins are different from the inverted fused sapphyrins. Redox studies indicate that normal fused sapphyrins are difficult to oxidize but easier to reduce compared to inverted fused sapphyrins. Density functional theory (DFT) studies support the experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prosenjit Isar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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Das M, Chitranshi S, Murugavel M, Adinarayana B, Suresh CH, Srinivasan A. Isosmaragdyrin with an N 3C 2 core: stabilization of Rh(i) and organo-Pt(ii) complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:3551-3554. [PMID: 32104842 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc00214c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Isosmaragdyrin with an N3C2 core is successfully achieved by introducing a 2,6-di-m-phenylpyridine unit. The core is utilized to stabilize the Rh(i) ion in the N-Rh(i)-N bonding mode and the Pt(ii) ion in the (N^C)N fashion to form an unsymmetrical pincer-type organometallic complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mainak Das
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI, Bhubaneswar-752050, Odisha, India.
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13
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Pino-Rios R, Cárdenas-Jirón G. Effect of the meso/beta halogenation in the photoelectronic properties and aromaticity of expanded porphyrins. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.112052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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14
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Wei W, Li W, Xia BH, Zhang HX, Bai FQ. Theoretical investigations of the aromaticity, stability and photophysical behaviors for expanded porphyrins. Chem Phys Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2019.04.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Woller T, Geerlings P, De Proft F, Champagne B, Alonso M. Aromaticity as a Guiding Concept for Spectroscopic Features and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Porphyrinoids. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23061333. [PMID: 29865191 PMCID: PMC6100263 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With their versatile molecular topology and aromaticity, porphyrinoid systems combine remarkable chemistry with interesting photophysical properties and nonlinear optical properties. Hence, the field of application of porphyrinoids is very broad ranging from near-infrared dyes to opto-electronic materials. From previous experimental studies, aromaticity emerges as an important concept in determining the photophysical properties and two-photon absorption cross sections of porphyrinoids. Despite a considerable number of studies on porphyrinoids, few investigate the relationship between aromaticity, UV/vis absorption spectra and nonlinear properties. To assess such structure-property relationships, we performed a computational study focusing on a series of Hückel porphyrinoids to: (i) assess their (anti)aromatic character; (ii) determine the fingerprints of aromaticity on the UV/vis spectra; (iii) evaluate the role of aromaticity on the NLO properties. Using an extensive set of aromaticity descriptors based on energetic, magnetic, structural, reactivity and electronic criteria, the aromaticity of [4n+2] π-electron porphyrinoids was evidenced as was the antiaromaticity for [4n] π-electron systems. In agreement with previous studies, the absorption spectra of aromatic systems display more intense B and Q bands in comparison to their antiaromatic homologues. The nature of these absorption bands was analyzed in detail in terms of polarization, intensity, splitting and composition. Finally, quantities such as the average polarizability and its anisotropy were found to be larger in aromatic systems, whereas first and second hyperpolarizability are influenced by the interplay between aromaticity, planarity and molecular symmetry. To conclude, aromaticity dictates the photophysical properties in porphyrinoids, whereas it is not the only factor determining the magnitude of NLO properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Woller
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Paul Geerlings
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Frank De Proft
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Benoît Champagne
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique, Unité de Chimie Physique Théorique et Structurale, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium.
| | - Mercedes Alonso
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
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16
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Valiev RR, Benkyi I, Konyshev YV, Fliegl H, Sundholm D. Computational Studies of Aromatic and Photophysical Properties of Expanded Porphyrins. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:4756-4767. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b02311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rashid R. Valiev
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, A.I. Virtanens plats 1, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Optics and Spectroscopy, Tomsk State University, 36, Lenin Avenue, 634050 Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Isaac Benkyi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, A.I. Virtanens plats 1, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yuri V. Konyshev
- Department of Optics and Spectroscopy, Tomsk State University, 36, Lenin Avenue, 634050 Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Heike Fliegl
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O.
Box 1033, Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Dage Sundholm
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, A.I. Virtanens plats 1, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Centre for Advanced Study at the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, Drammensveien 78, N-0271 Oslo, Norway
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17
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Stuyver T, Perrin M, Geerlings P, De Proft F, Alonso M. Conductance Switching in Expanded Porphyrins through Aromaticity and Topology Changes. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:1313-1326. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b09464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thijs Stuyver
- Department
of General Chemistry (ALGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mickael Perrin
- Kavli
Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg
1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Paul Geerlings
- Department
of General Chemistry (ALGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frank De Proft
- Department
of General Chemistry (ALGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mercedes Alonso
- Department
of General Chemistry (ALGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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18
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Shan W, Desbois N, Blondeau-Patissier V, Naitana ML, Quesneau V, Rousselin Y, Gros CP, Ou Z, Kadish KM. Synthesis, Characterization, and Electrochemistry of Open-Chain Pentapyrroles and Sapphyrins with Highly Electron-Withdrawing meso
-Tetraaryl Substituents. Chemistry 2017; 23:12833-12844. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Shan
- Department of Chemistry; University of Houston; Houston Texas 77204-5003 USA
| | - Nicolas Desbois
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté; ICMUB (UMR UB-CNRS 6302); 9, Avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870 21078 Dijon Cedex France
| | - Virginie Blondeau-Patissier
- Department Time-Frequency; Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Institut FEMTO-ST (UMR CNRS 6174); 26, Chemin de l'épitaphe 25030 Besançon Cedex France
| | - Mario L. Naitana
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté; ICMUB (UMR UB-CNRS 6302); 9, Avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870 21078 Dijon Cedex France
| | - Valentin Quesneau
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté; ICMUB (UMR UB-CNRS 6302); 9, Avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870 21078 Dijon Cedex France
| | - Yoann Rousselin
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté; ICMUB (UMR UB-CNRS 6302); 9, Avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870 21078 Dijon Cedex France
| | - Claude P. Gros
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté; ICMUB (UMR UB-CNRS 6302); 9, Avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870 21078 Dijon Cedex France
| | - Zhongping Ou
- Department of Chemistry; University of Houston; Houston Texas 77204-5003 USA
| | - Karl M. Kadish
- Department of Chemistry; University of Houston; Houston Texas 77204-5003 USA
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19
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Wang X, Bai FQ, Liu Y, Wang Y, Zhang HX, Lin Z. A Computational Way To Achieve More Effective Candidates for Photodynamic Therapy. J Chem Inf Model 2017; 57:1089-1100. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.7b00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- International
Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, Institute
of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Fu-Quan Bai
- International
Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, Institute
of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
- Department
of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Yingtao Liu
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Yu Wang
- International
Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, Institute
of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Hong-Xing Zhang
- International
Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, Institute
of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Zhenyang Lin
- Department
of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
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20
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Chatterjee T, Srinivasan A, Ravikanth M, Chandrashekar TK. Smaragdyrins and Sapphyrins Analogues. Chem Rev 2016; 117:3329-3376. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamal Chatterjee
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - A. Srinivasan
- School
of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar 752050, Odisha, India
| | | | - Tavarakere K. Chandrashekar
- School
of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar 752050, Odisha, India
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21
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Sung YM, Oh J, Cha WY, Kim W, Lim JM, Yoon MC, Kim D. Control and Switching of Aromaticity in Various All-Aza-Expanded Porphyrins: Spectroscopic and Theoretical Analyses. Chem Rev 2016; 117:2257-2312. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Young Mo Sung
- Spectroscopy
Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department
of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, South Korea
| | - Juwon Oh
- Spectroscopy
Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department
of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, South Korea
| | - Won-Young Cha
- Spectroscopy
Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department
of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, South Korea
| | - Woojae Kim
- Spectroscopy
Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department
of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, South Korea
| | - Jong Min Lim
- Spectroscopy
Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department
of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, South Korea
- Physical
and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Min-Chul Yoon
- Spectroscopy
Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department
of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, South Korea
- Manufacturing
Engineering Team, Memory Manufacturing Operation Center, Samsung Electronics, Samsungjeonja-ro 1, Hwasung-si, Gyeonggi-do 18448, South Korea
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy
Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department
of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, South Korea
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22
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Abstract
The use of cyclic polyene perimeter-model approaches, such as Gouterman's four-orbital model and Michl's perimeter model, to analyze trends in the electronic structures and optical properties of expanded, contracted, and isomeric porphyrins is described with an emphasis on the use of magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectroscopy to validate the results of TD-DFT calculations. Trends in the electronic structures and optical properties of isomeric porphyrins are examined by comparing the properties of porphycenes, corrphycenes, hemiporphycenes, isoporphycenes, N-confused and neoconfused porphyrins, and norroles, whereas those of ring-contracted porphyrins are examined by comparing the properties of subporphyrins, triphyrins, and vacataporphyrins. The ring-expanded compounds that are examined include cyclo[n]pyrroles, [22]pentaphyrins(1.1.1.1.1), sapphyrins, smaragdyrins, isosmaragdyrins, orangarins, ozaphyrins, [26]hexaphyrins(1.1.1.1.1.1), rubyrins, rosarins, amethyrins, isoamethyrins, bronzaphyrins, and doubly N-confused hexaphyrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Mack
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University , Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
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23
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The Rise of Near-Infrared Emitters: Organic Dyes, Porphyrinoids, and Transition Metal Complexes. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2016; 374:47. [DOI: 10.1007/s41061-016-0048-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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24
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Woller T, Contreras-García J, Geerlings P, De Proft F, Alonso M. Understanding the molecular switching properties of octaphyrins. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:11885-900. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp07413d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Triggering Hückel–Möbius topological and aromaticity switches in octaphyrins by protonation and redox reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Woller
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC)
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)
- 1050 Brussels
- Belgium
| | - J. Contreras-García
- Sorbonne Universités
- UPMC Univ Paris 06
- UMR 7616
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique
- Paris
| | - P. Geerlings
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC)
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)
- 1050 Brussels
- Belgium
| | - Frank De Proft
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC)
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)
- 1050 Brussels
- Belgium
| | - M. Alonso
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC)
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)
- 1050 Brussels
- Belgium
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25
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Alonso M, Pinter B, Geerlings P, De Proft F. Metalated Hexaphyrins: From Understanding to Rational Design. Chemistry 2015; 21:17631-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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26
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Kaur T, Khan TK, Ravikanth M. Multi-Expanded Porphyrin Assemblies on Cyclophosphazene Scaffolds. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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27
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Figueira F, Farinha AS, Tomé AC, Cavaleiro JA, Almeida Paz FA, Tomé JP. Synthesis of hexaphyrins and N-fused pentaphyrins bearing pyridin-4-ylsulfanyl groups. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2014. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424614500606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In recent years much attention has been devoted to expanded macrocyclic chemistry. Nevertheless, while several advancements were achieved in the synthesis of novel expanded porphyrin architectures, not much has been developed in the functionalization of these macrocycles. This report shows the selective replacement of the p-fluorine atoms of meso-pentakis(pentafluorophenyl) N-fused [22]pentaphyrin and meso-hexakis(pentafluorophenyl) [26]hexaphyrin with 4-mercaptopyridine moieties, thus increasing their potential as ligands for coordination chemistry and catalysis or electronic transfer applications striving new synthetic methodologies and a new set of specific applications for this type of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávio Figueira
- QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - Augusto C. Tomé
- QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - José A.S. Cavaleiro
- QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - João P.C. Tomé
- QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Ghent University, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
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28
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Sarma T, Anusha PT, Pabbathi A, Venugopal Rao S, Panda PK. Naphthobipyrrole-Derived Sapphyrins: Rational Synthesis, Characterization, Nonlinear Optical Properties, and Excited-State Dynamics. Chemistry 2014; 20:15561-70. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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29
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Karthik G, Srinivasan A, Chandrashekar TK. meso-Aryl Core-Modified Fused Sapphyrins: Syntheses and Structural Diversity. Org Lett 2014; 16:3472-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol501395t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ganesan Karthik
- School
of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Institute of Physics Campus, Sainik School P.O. Bhubaneswar 751 005, Odisha, India
| | - A. Srinivasan
- School
of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Institute of Physics Campus, Sainik School P.O. Bhubaneswar 751 005, Odisha, India
| | - Tavarekere K. Chandrashekar
- School
of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Institute of Physics Campus, Sainik School P.O. Bhubaneswar 751 005, Odisha, India
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30
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Swamy PCA, Mukherjee S, Thilagar P. Dual Binding Site Assisted Chromogenic and Fluorogenic Recognition and Discrimination of Fluoride and Cyanide by a Peripherally Borylated Metalloporphyrin: Overcoming Anion Interference in Organoboron Based Sensors. Anal Chem 2014; 86:3616-24. [DOI: 10.1021/ac500230p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Chinna Ayya Swamy
- Department of Inorganic and
Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560 012, India
| | - Sanjoy Mukherjee
- Department of Inorganic and
Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560 012, India
| | - Pakkirisamy Thilagar
- Department of Inorganic and
Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560 012, India
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31
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Alonso M, Geerlings P, . De Proft F. Exploring the structure–aromaticity relationship in Hückel and Möbius N-fused pentaphyrins using DFT. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:14396-407. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp55509g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Fine-tuning of the molecular topology and macrocyclic aromaticity of N-fused pentaphyrins by changing the number of π electrons and meso-substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Alonso
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC)
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)
- 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - P. Geerlings
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC)
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)
- 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - F . De Proft
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC)
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)
- 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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32
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Xie Y, Wei P, Li X, Hong T, Zhang K, Furuta H. Macrocycle Contraction and Expansion of a Dihydrosapphyrin Isomer. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:19119-22. [DOI: 10.1021/ja4112644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongshu Xie
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Pingchun Wei
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Xin Li
- Department
of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tao Hong
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Hiroyuki Furuta
- Center
for Molecular Systems, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate
School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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33
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Wang A, Fang Y, Yu W, Long L, Song Y, Zhao W, Cifuentes MP, Humphrey MG, Zhang C. Allyloxyporphyrin-Functionalized Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes: Synthesis by Radical Polymerization and Enhanced Optical-Limiting Properties. Chem Asian J 2013; 9:639-48. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201301379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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34
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Ou Z, Meng D, Yuan M, Huang W, Fang Y, Kadish KM. Deprotonation reactions and electrochemistry of substituted open-chain pentapyrroles and sapphyrins in basic nonaqueous media. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:13646-57. [PMID: 24070157 DOI: 10.1021/jp408905a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical properties of three open-chain pentapyrroles and the corresponding sapphyrins were examined in pyridine containing 0.1 M tetra-n-butylammonium perchlorate and dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) or benzonitrile (PhCN) containing tetra-n-butylammonium hydroxide (TBAOH). The investigated compounds are represented as (Ar)4PPyH3 and (Ar)4SH3, where Ar is a F(-) or Cl(-) substituted phenyl group, PPy is a trianion of the open-chain pentapyrrole, and S is a trianion of the sapphyrin. The pentapyrroles, (Ar)4PPyH3, undergo two reversible one-electron reductions in pyridine, while the structurally related sapphyrins exhibit four reductions in this solvent, the first two of which are irreversible due to coupled chemical reactions following the electron transfers. Both series of neutral compounds could be deprotonated in CH2Cl2 or PhCN by addition of TBAOH to solution, and the progress of these reactions was monitored as a function of the base concentration by cyclic voltammetry and UV-vis spectroscopy. The neutral pentapyrroles were spectroscopically shown to undergo a loss of two protons in a single step to generate the [(Ar)4PPyH](2-) dianion while the sapphyrins could only be monodeprotonated, leading to formation of the [(Ar)4SH2](-) monoanion under the same solution conditions. The deprotonation constants were measured for each series of compounds in benzonitrile, and oxidation-reduction mechanisms are examined as a function of the solution 'basicity'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongping Ou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212013, China
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35
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Wang A, Fang Y, Long L, Song Y, Yu W, Zhao W, Cifuentes MP, Humphrey MG, Zhang C. Facile synthesis and enhanced nonlinear optical properties of porphyrin-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Chemistry 2013; 19:14159-70. [PMID: 24038312 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201302477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Two multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-based nanohybrids, MWCNT-ZnTPP and MWCNT-TPP (TPP=5-[4-{2-(4-formylphenoxy)- ethyloxy}phenyl]-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin, ZnTPP=5-[4-{(4-formylphenyl)ethynyl}phenyl]-10,15,20-triphenylporphinatozinc(II)), were prepared directly from pristine MWCNTs through 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions. Covalent attachment of the porphyrins to the surfaces of the MWCNTs was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet/visible absorption, fluorescence, Raman, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, elemental analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Attachment of the porphyrin moieties to the surface of the MWCNTs significantly improves the solubility and ease of processing of these MWCNT-porphyrin composite materials. Z-scan studies reveal that these MWCNT-porphyrin nanohybrids exhibit enhanced nonlinear optical properties under both nanosecond and picosecond laser pulses at λ=532 nm in comparison with free MWCNTs and the free porphyrin chromophores, whereas superior optical limiting performance was displayed by MWCNT-porphyrin composite materials rather than MWCNTs/ZnTPP and MWCNTs/TPP blends, which is consistent with a remarkable accumulation effect as a result of the covalent linkage between the porphyrin and the MWCNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijian Wang
- China-Australia Joint Research Center for Functional Molecular Materials, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122 (P.R. China), Fax: (+86) 510-85917763; China-Australia Joint Research Center for Functional Molecular Materials, Scientific Research Academy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013 (P.R. China), Fax: (+86) 511-88797815
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36
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Guru Prasad L, Krishnakumar V, Nagalakshmi R. Growth and characterization of semi-organic nonlinear optical crystal: sodium 2,4-dinitrophenolate monohydrate. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 110:377-382. [PMID: 23583872 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Sodium 2,4-dinitrophenolate monohydrate salt has been synthesized and the crystals have been grown in aqueous solution by slow evaporation solution growth technique. Grown crystal was confirmed by powder XRD studies. Functional groups presented in the grown crystal were identified and their vibrational properties were studied by recording FTIR spectrum. Thermal stability of the grown crystal was deliberated by recording TGA/DTA. Existence of the ionic form in the crystal was confirmed and the energy gap of the crystal was also calculated by analyzing UV-VIS-NIR spectrum. Second harmonic frequency generation was examined by Kurtz and Perry powder test and it reveals that the relative conversion efficiency was 2.5 times greater than the urea. Theoretical first order hyperpolarizability value was calculated for the optimized structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Guru Prasad
- Department of Physics, Periyar University, Salem 636 011, India
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Yuan M, Ou Z, Fang Y, Huang S, Xue Z, Lu G, Kadish KM. Synthesis, Characterization, Protonation Reactions, and Electrochemistry of Substituted Open-Chain Pentapyrroles and Sapphyrins in Nonaqueous Media. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:6664-73. [DOI: 10.1021/ic4006955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang
212013, China
| | - Zhongping Ou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang
212013, China
| | - Yuanyuan Fang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston,
Texas 77204-5003, United
States
| | - Shi Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang
212013, China
| | - Zhaoli Xue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang
212013, China
| | - Guifen Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang
212013, China
| | - Karl M. Kadish
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston,
Texas 77204-5003, United
States
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Alonso M, Geerlings P, De Proft F. Conformational Control in [22]- and [24]Pentaphyrins(1.1.1.1.1) by Meso Substituents and their N-Fusion Reaction. J Org Chem 2013; 78:4419-31. [DOI: 10.1021/jo4003823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Alonso
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels,
Belgium
| | - Paul Geerlings
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels,
Belgium
| | - Frank De Proft
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels,
Belgium
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39
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Gu Y, Yan B. Lanthanide‐Functionalized SBA‐15 Mesoporous Hybrids – Ultraviolet‐Visible Excitation and Visible–NIR Emission. Eur J Inorg Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201300142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan‐Jing Gu
- Department of Chemistry, Tongji University, State Key Lab of Water Pollution and Resource Reuse, Siping Road 1239, Shanghai 200092, China, Fax: +86‐21‐65981097, http://chemweb.tongji.edu.cn/Teachers/Details/a896a4d1‐497f‐4dc1‐8248‐cea04b236e34
| | - Bing Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Tongji University, State Key Lab of Water Pollution and Resource Reuse, Siping Road 1239, Shanghai 200092, China, Fax: +86‐21‐65981097, http://chemweb.tongji.edu.cn/Teachers/Details/a896a4d1‐497f‐4dc1‐8248‐cea04b236e34
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40
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Swavey S, Eder A. Enhanced O2 electrocatalysis by a highly conjugated cobalt(II) porphyrin. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2012.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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41
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Guo L, Fu L, Ferreira RA, Carlos LD, Yan B. Photofunctional hybrid silica microspheres covalently functionalized with metalloporphyrins. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2012.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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42
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Lim JM, Gupta I, Furuta H, Kim D. Comparative photophysics of sapphyrin derivatives: effects of confused and fused pyrrole rings. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424611003719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the photophysical properties of [22] π-conjugated pentapyrrolic systems, sapphyrin, N-confused and N-fused sapphyrins, with a particular focus on the effects of confused and fused pyrrole rings on their electronic structures using steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopic methods, two-photon absorption cross-section (σ(2)) measurements and quantum mechanical calculations. The absorption spectra of N-confused and N-fused sapphyrins exhibit relatively red-shifted features compared to sapphyrin. In parallel with these spectral features, the reduced HOMO–LUMO gaps were observed in going from sapphyrin to N-fused sapphyrin. In the analysis of the anisotropy of the induced current density (AICD), N-confused and N-fused sapphyrins show that extra π-electrons in confused and fused pyrrole rings contribute to the extension of their π-conjugation pathways. Slightly larger twophoton absorption cross-section values of N-confused and N-fused sapphyrins (3250 and 3900 GM) than that of sapphyrin (2900 GM) also reflect an enhanced π-conjugation effect due to bicyclic and endocyclic extensions in π-conjugation pathways, respectively. The excited singlet and triplet state lifetimes of N-confused sapphyrin were determined to be 60 ps and 1 μs, respectively, due to conformational change and acceleration of nonradiative decay processes, being in a sharp contrast with those of sapphyrin (2.4 ns and 13 μs, respectively). In the case of N-fused sapphyrin, very short singlet excited-state lifetime of 5 ps was detected probably due to the excited-state NH-tautomerization process which enhances nonradiative decay processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Min Lim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Iti Gupta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Furuta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
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43
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Malakalapalli RR, Mangalampalli R. Synthesis of functionalized core-modified sapphyrins and covalently linked porphyrin–sapphyrin dyads. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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44
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Theoretical study on electronic spectrum properties of group 12 bis-metal (II) complexes of [26]hexaphyrin(1.1.1.1.1.1). COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2011.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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45
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Roznyatovskiy VV, Lim JM, Lynch VM, Lee BS, Kim D, Sessler JL. π-Extension in Expanded Porphyrins: Cyclo[4]naphthobipyrrole. Org Lett 2011; 13:5620-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol2023449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir V. Roznyatovskiy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station A5300, Austin, Texas, 78712, United States, and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, South Korea
| | - Jong Min Lim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station A5300, Austin, Texas, 78712, United States, and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, South Korea
| | - Vincent M. Lynch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station A5300, Austin, Texas, 78712, United States, and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, South Korea
| | - Byung Sun Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station A5300, Austin, Texas, 78712, United States, and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, South Korea
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station A5300, Austin, Texas, 78712, United States, and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, South Korea
| | - Jonathan L. Sessler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station A5300, Austin, Texas, 78712, United States, and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, South Korea
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46
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Venugopal Rao S, Shuvan Prashant T, Swain D, Sarma T, Panda PK, Tewari SP. Two-photon and three-photon absorption in dinaphthoporphycenes. Chem Phys Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2011.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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47
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Xu HJ, Mack J, Descalzo AB, Shen Z, Kobayashi N, You XZ, Rurack K. meso-Aryl Phenanthroporphyrins: Synthesis and Spectroscopic Properties. Chemistry 2011; 17:8965-83. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2010] [Revised: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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48
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Abstract
Aromaticity is a key concept in chemistry, dating back to Faraday's discovery of benzene in 1825 and Kekulé's famous alternating-double-bond structure of 1865. In 1858, the Möbius strip was discovered by Möbius and Listing. The Hückel rules for predicting aromaticity, stating that [4n + 2] π electrons result in an aromatic system, work for planar molecules. Although molecules with Möbius geometry are not found in nature, chemists have tried to synthesize such molecules since the first theoretical prediction by Heilbronner in 1964 and the prediction of Möbius aromaticity for suitable compounds with [4n] π electrons. However, Möbius-aromatic molecules have proved difficult to synthesize, and sometimes even to identify. Here we summarize recent contributions of several research groups that have succeeded in synthesizing Möbius-type molecules. The results of this survey lead us to suggest that the generation of Möbius topologies in expanded porphyrins is easier than hitherto appreciated.
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49
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Stępień M, Sprutta N, Latos-Grażyński L. Figure-Eight-Strukturen, Möbius-Bänder und mehr: Konformation und Aromatizität von Porphyrinoiden. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201003353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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50
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Stępień M, Sprutta N, Latos-Grażyński L. Figure Eights, Möbius Bands, and More: Conformation and Aromaticity of Porphyrinoids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:4288-340. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201003353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 368] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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