1
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Arroyo-Currás N. Beyond the Gold-Thiol Paradigm: Exploring Alternative Interfaces for Electrochemical Nucleic Acid-Based Sensing. ACS Sens 2024; 9:2228-2236. [PMID: 38661283 PMCID: PMC11129698 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Nucleic acid-based electrochemical sensors (NBEs) use oligonucleotides as affinity reagents for the detection of a variety of targets, ranging from small-molecule therapeutics to whole viruses. Because of their versatility in molecular sensing, NBEs are being developed broadly for diagnostic and biomedical research applications. Benchmark NBEs are fabricated via self-assembly of thiol-based monolayers on gold. Although robust for rapid prototyping, thiol monolayers suffer from limitations in terms of stability under voltage modulation and in the face of competitive ligands such as thiolated molecules naturally occurring in biofluids. Additionally, gold cannot be deployed as an NBE substrate for all biomedical applications, such as in cases where molecular measurements coupled to real-time, under-the-sensor tissue imaging is needed. Seeking to overcome these limitations, the field of NBEs is pursuing alternative ligands and electrode surfaces. In this perspective, I discuss new interface fabrication strategies that have successfully achieved NBE sensing, or that have the potential to allow NBE sensing on conductive surfaces other than gold. I hope this perspective will provide the reader with a fresh view of how future NBE interfaces could be constructed and will serve as inspiration for the pursuit of collaborative developments in the field of NBEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Netzahualcóyotl Arroyo-Currás
- Department of Pharmacology
and Molecular
Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School
of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
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2
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Yu M, Sui PF, Tang YF, Zhang T, Liu S, Fu XZ, Luo JL, Liu S. Visualizing Electrochemical CO 2 Conversion via the Emerging Scanning Electrochemical Microscope: Fundamentals, Applications and Perspectives. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2301778. [PMID: 38741551 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
With the rapid development and maturity of electrochemical CO2 conversion involving cathodic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) and anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER), conventional ex situ characterizations gradually fall behind in detecting real-time products distribution, tracking intermediates, and monitoring structural evolution, etc. Nevertheless, advanced in situ techniques, with intriguing merits like good reproducibility, facile operability, high sensitivity, and short response time, can realize in situ detection and recording of dynamic data, and observe materials structural evolution in real time. As an emerging visual technique, scanning electrochemical microscope (SECM) presents local electrochemical signals on various materials surface through capturing micro-current caused by reactants oxidation and reduction. Importantly, SECM holds particular potentials in visualizing reactive intermediates at active sites and obtaining instantaneous morphology evolution images to reveal the intrinsic reactivity of active sites. Therefore, this review focuses on SECM fundamentals and its specific applications toward CO2RR and OER, mainly including electrochemical behavior observation on local regions of various materials, target products and onset potentials identification in real-time, reaction pathways clarification, reaction kinetics exploration under steady-state conditions, electroactive materials screening and multi-techniques coupling for a joint utilization. This review undoubtedly provides a leading guidance to extend various SECM applications to other energy-related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mulin Yu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - Peng-Fei Sui
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Yu-Feng Tang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - Xian-Zhu Fu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Jing-Li Luo
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Subiao Liu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
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3
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Yeo J, Kim K, Kwak SJ, Kim MS, Yang JH, Lee WB, Kim Y, Chae J, Chang J. Probing Local pH Change during Electrode Oxidation of TEMPO Derivative: Implication of Redox-Induced Acidity Alternation by Imidazolium-Linker Functional Groups. Anal Chem 2024; 96:5537-5545. [PMID: 38545995 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The chemical degradation of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO)-based aqueous energy storage and catalytic systems is pH sensitive. Herein, we voltammetrically monitor the local pH (pHlocal) at a Pt ultramicroelectrode (UME) upon electro-oxidation of imidazolium-linker functionalized TEMPO and show that its decrease is associated with the greater acidity of the cationic (oxidized) rather than radical (reduced) form of TEMPO. The protons that drive the decrease in pH arise from hydrolysis of the conjugated imidazolium-linker functional group of 4-[2-(N-methylimidazolium)acetoxy]-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl chloride (MIMAcO-T), which was studied in comparison with 4-hydroxyl-TEMPO (4-OH-T). Voltammetric hysteresis is observed during the electrode oxidation of 4-OH-T and MIMAcO-T at a Pt UME in an unbuffered aqueous solution. The hysteresis arises from the pH-dependent formation and dissolution of Pt oxides, which interact with pHlocal in the vicinity of the UME. We find that electrogenerated MIMAcO-T+ significantly influences pHlocal, whereas 4-OH-T+ does not. Finite element analysis reveals that the thermodynamic and kinetic acid-base properties of MIMAcO-T+ are much more favorable than those of its reduced counterpart. Imidazolium-linker functionalized TEMPO molecules comprising different linking groups were also investigated. Reduced TEMPO molecules with carbonyl linkers behave as weak acids, whereas those with alkyl ether linkers do not. However, oxidized TEMPO+ molecules with alkyl ether linkers exhibit more facile acid-base kinetics than those with carbonyl ones. Density functional theory calculations confirm that OH- adduct formation on the imidazolium-linker functional group of TEMPO is responsible for the difference in the acid-base properties of the reduced and oxidized forms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kyungmi Kim
- Sungshin Women's University, Seoul 01133, Republic of Korea
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology Europe, Campus E7 1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Seung Jae Kwak
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Song Kim
- Sungshin Women's University, Seoul 01133, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hoon Yang
- Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Bo Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - YongJoo Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghyun Chae
- Sungshin Women's University, Seoul 01133, Republic of Korea
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4
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Dominique NL, Chandran A, Jensen IM, Jenkins DM, Camden JP. Unmasking the Electrochemical Stability of N-Heterocyclic Carbene Monolayers on Gold. Chemistry 2023:e202303681. [PMID: 38116819 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) monolayers are transforming electrocatalysis and biosensor design via their increased performance and stability. Despite their increasing use in electrochemical systems, the integrity of the NHC monolayer during voltage perturbations remains largely unknown. Herein, we deploy surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) to measure the stability of two model NHCs on gold in ambient conditions as a function of applied potential and under continuous voltammetric interrogation. Our results illustrate that NHC monolayers exhibit electrochemical stability over a wide voltage window (-1 V to 0.5 V vs Ag|AgCl), but they are found to degrade at strongly reducing (< -1 V) or oxidizing (>0.5 V) potentials. We also address NHC monolayer stability under continuous voltammetric interrogation between 0.2 V and -0.5 V, a commonly used voltage window for sensing, showing they are stable for up to 43 hours. However, we additionally find that modifications of the backbone NHC structure can lead to significantly shorter operational lifetimes. While these results highlight the potential of NHC architectures for electrode functionalization, they also reveal potential pitfalls that have not been fully appreciated in electrochemical applications of NHCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel L Dominique
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN-46556, United States
| | - Aruna Chandran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN-46556, United States
| | - Isabel M Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN-37996
| | - David M Jenkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN-37996
| | - Jon P Camden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN-46556, United States
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5
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Strange L, Li X, Wornyo E, Ashaduzzaman M, Pan S. Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy for Chemical Imaging and Understanding Redox Activities of Battery Materials. CHEMICAL & BIOMEDICAL IMAGING 2023; 1:110-120. [PMID: 37235187 PMCID: PMC10208357 DOI: 10.1021/cbmi.3c00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Improving the charge storage capacity and lifetime and charging/discharging efficiency of battery systems is essential for large-scale applications such as long-term grid storage and long-range automobiles. While there have been substantial improvements over the past decades, further fundamental research would help provide insights into improving the cost effectiveness of such systems. For example, it is critical to understand the redox activities of cathode and anode electrode materials and stability and the formation mechanism and roles of the solid-electrolyte interface (SEI) that forms at the electrode surface upon an external potential bias. The SEI plays a critical role in preventing electrolyte decay while still allowing charges to flow through the system while serving as a charge transfer barrier. While surface analytical techniques such as X-ray photoelectron (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) provide invaluable information on anode chemical composition, crystalline structure, and morphology, they are often performed ex situ, which can induce changes to the SEI layer after it is removed from the electrolyte. While there have been efforts to combine these techniques using pseudo-in situ approaches via vacuum-compatible devices and inert atmosphere chambers connected to glove boxes, there is still a need for true in situ techniques to obtain results with improved accuracy and precision. Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) is an in situ scanning probe technique that can be combined with optical spectroscopy techniques such as Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopy methods to gain insights into the electronic changes of a material as a function of applied bias. This Review will highlight the potential of SECM and recent reports on combining spectroscopic measurements with SECM to gain insights into the SEI layer formation and redox activities of other battery electrode materials. These insights provide invaluable information for improving the performance of charge storage devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyndi
E. Strange
- Pacific
Northwest National Laboratory, Energy and Environment Directorate, 902 Battelle Blvd., Richland, Washington 99352, United States of America
| | - Xiao Li
- The
University of Alabama, Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, 250
Hackberry Lane, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 99354, United
States of America
| | - Eric Wornyo
- The
University of Alabama, Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, 250
Hackberry Lane, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 99354, United
States of America
| | - Md Ashaduzzaman
- The
University of Alabama, Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, 250
Hackberry Lane, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 99354, United
States of America
| | - Shanlin Pan
- The
University of Alabama, Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, 250
Hackberry Lane, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 99354, United
States of America
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6
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Santana Santos C, Jaato BN, Sanjuán I, Schuhmann W, Andronescu C. Operando Scanning Electrochemical Probe Microscopy during Electrocatalysis. Chem Rev 2023; 123:4972-5019. [PMID: 36972701 PMCID: PMC10168669 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Scanning electrochemical probe microscopy (SEPM) techniques can disclose the local electrochemical reactivity of interfaces in single-entity and sub-entity studies. Operando SEPM measurements consist of using a SEPM tip to investigate the performance of electrocatalysts, while the reactivity of the interface is simultaneously modulated. This powerful combination can correlate electrochemical activity with changes in surface properties, e.g., topography and structure, as well as provide insight into reaction mechanisms. The focus of this review is to reveal the recent progress in local SEPM measurements of the catalytic activity of a surface toward the reduction and evolution of O2 and H2 and electrochemical conversion of CO2. The capabilities of SEPMs are showcased, and the possibility of coupling other techniques to SEPMs is presented. Emphasis is given to scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM), electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (EC-STM), and scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Santana Santos
- Analytical Chemistry - Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Bright Nsolebna Jaato
- Technical Chemistry III, Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen Carl-Benz-Straße 199, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Ignacio Sanjuán
- Technical Chemistry III, Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen Carl-Benz-Straße 199, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry - Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Corina Andronescu
- Technical Chemistry III, Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen Carl-Benz-Straße 199, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
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7
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Clark V, Pellitero MA, Arroyo-Currás N. Explaining the Decay of Nucleic Acid-Based Sensors under Continuous Voltammetric Interrogation. Anal Chem 2023; 95:4974-4983. [PMID: 36881708 PMCID: PMC10035425 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid-based electrochemical sensors (NBEs) can support continuous and highly selective molecular monitoring in biological fluids, both in vitro and in vivo, via affinity-based interactions. Such interactions afford a sensing versatility that is not supported by strategies that depend on target-specific reactivity. Thus, NBEs have significantly expanded the scope of molecules that can be monitored continuously in biological systems. However, the technology is limited by the lability of the thiol-based monolayers employed for sensor fabrication. Seeking to understand the main drivers of monolayer degradation, we studied four possible mechanisms of NBE decay: (i) passive desorption of monolayer elements in undisturbed sensors, (ii) voltage-induced desorption under continuous voltammetric interrogation, (iii) competitive displacement by thiolated molecules naturally present in biofluids like serum, and (iv) protein binding. Our results indicate that voltage-induced desorption of monolayer elements is the main mechanism by which NBEs decay in phosphate-buffered saline. This degradation can be overcome by using a voltage window contained between -0.2 and 0.2 V vs Ag|AgCl, reported for the first time in this work, where electrochemical oxygen reduction and surface gold oxidation cannot occur. This result underscores the need for chemically stable redox reporters with more positive reduction potentials than the benchmark methylene blue and the ability to cycle thousands of times between redox states to support continuous sensing for long periods. Additionally, in biofluids, the rate of sensor decay is further accelerated by the presence of thiolated small molecules like cysteine and glutathione, which can competitively displace monolayer elements even in the absence of voltage-induced damage. We hope that this work will serve as a framework to inspire future development of novel sensor interfaces aiming to eliminate the mechanisms of signal decay in NBEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Clark
- Chemistry-Biology
Interface Program, Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts & Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Miguel Aller Pellitero
- Departamento
de Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Oviedo, Av. Julián Clavería 8, Oviedo 33006, Spain
- Instituto
de Investigación Sanitaria Del Principado de Asturias, Avenida de Roma, Oviedo 33011, Spain
- Department
of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Netzahualcóyotl Arroyo-Currás
- Chemistry-Biology
Interface Program, Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts & Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Department
of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
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8
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Aryldiazonium reduction mechanism deciphered by scanning electrochemical microscopy through an EC’ process. Electrochim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2023.142028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
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9
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Chen H, Tian L, Sun X, Ma R, Zhang M. New Horizons for Estimating the Time Since Deposition of Fingermarks: Combining Label-Free Physical Visualization and Electrochemical Characterization. Anal Chem 2023; 95:889-897. [PMID: 36537841 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The time since deposition (TSD) of latent fingermarks (LFMs) serves as "witnesses" for crime scene reconstructions. Nevertheless, existing TSD prediction approaches focused on either physical or chemical aging parameters leading to inaccurate estimation. A novel label-free protocol has been developed, where both physical ridge patterns and lipid oxide (LipOx) degradation kinetics are realized using optical microscopy and scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) and combined for TSD prediction. Specifically, the surface interrogation (SI)-SECM titration was utilized to monitor the LipOx degradation in LFM arrays aligned by hole array masks, through which we derived the LipOx degradation function. After establishing the relationship between several titration parameters and titrated area by experimental and numerical simulation methods, the titrated area could be reasonably estimated and subsequently used to calculate the surface coverage of LipOx. Results demonstrated that the tip transient revealed the LipOx coverage of deposited LFMs. Notably, LipOx coverage was found to increase during the first day and then decrease over time, whose degradation rate was susceptible to light. Thus, TSD candidates of an LFM could be limited to two values through the established function. Due to the nonmonotonic trend of LipOx aging, a physical parameter "the gray value ratio (GVR) of furrows to ridges" was proposed to exclude irrelevant TSD through support vector machine (SVM) classification. Ultimately, we predicted TSDs of seven LFMs with estimation errors of 2.2-26.8%. Overall, our strategy, with the outperformed capability of gleaning physical and electrochemical information on LFMs, can provide a truly label-free way of studying LFMs and hold great promise for multidimensional fingerprint information analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Beijing100083, China
| | - Lu Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Beijing100083, China
| | - Xiangyu Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Beijing100083, China
| | - Rongliang Ma
- Ministry of Public Security, Institute of Forensic Science, Beijing100038, China
| | - Meiqin Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Beijing100083, China
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10
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Stinson WDH, Brayton KM, Ardo S, Talin AA, Esposito DV. Quantifying the Influence of Defects on Selectivity of Electrodes Encapsulated by Nanoscopic Silicon Oxide Overlayers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:55480-55490. [PMID: 36473158 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c13646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Encapsulation of electrocatalysts and photocatalysts with semipermeable nanoscopic oxide overlayers that exhibit selective transport properties is an attractive approach to achieve high redox selectivity. However, defects within the overlayers─such as pinholes, cracks, or particle inclusions─may facilitate local high rates of parasitic reactions by creating pathways for facile transport of undesired reactants to exposed active sites. Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) is an attractive method to determine the influence of defects on macroscopic performance metrics thanks to its ability to measure the relative rates of competing electrochemical reactions with high spatial resolution over the electrode. Here, we report the use of SECM to determine the influence of overlayer defects on the selectivity of silicon oxide (SiOx) encapsulated platinum thin-film electrocatalysts operated under conditions where two competing reactions─the hydrogen evolution and Fe(III) reduction reactions─can occur. After an SECM methodology is described to determine spatially resolved selectivity, representative selectivity maps are correlated with the location of defects that are characterized by optical, electron, and atomic force microscopies. This analysis reveals that certain types of defects in the oxide overlayer are responsible for ∼60-90% of the partial current density toward the undesired Fe(III) reduction reaction. By correcting for defect contributions to Fe(III) reduction rates, true Fe(III) permeability values for the SiOx overlayers were determined to be over an order of magnitude lower than permeabilities determined from analyses that ignore the presence of defects. Finally, different types of defects were studied revealing that defect morphology can have varying influence on both redox selectivity and calculated permeability. This work highlights the need for spatially resolved measurements to evaluate the performance of oxide-encapsulated catalysts and understand their performance limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D H Stinson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia Electrochemical Engineering Center, Lenfest Center for Sustainable Energy, Columbia University in the City of New York, New York, New York10027, United States
| | - Kelly M Brayton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia Electrochemical Engineering Center, Lenfest Center for Sustainable Energy, Columbia University in the City of New York, New York, New York10027, United States
| | - Shane Ardo
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California92697, United States
| | - A Alec Talin
- Materials Physics Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California94550, United States
| | - Daniel V Esposito
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia Electrochemical Engineering Center, Lenfest Center for Sustainable Energy, Columbia University in the City of New York, New York, New York10027, United States
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11
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Zhao Z, Martino N, Tagliabue L, Minguzzi A, Vertova A. Facile preparation of robust and multipurpose microelectrodes based on injected epoxy resin. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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12
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Fang C, Li J, Feng Z, Li X, Cheng M, Qiao Y, Hu W. Spatiotemporal Mapping of Extracellular Electron Transfer Flux in a Microbial Fuel Cell Using an Oblique Incident Reflectivity Difference Technique. Anal Chem 2022; 94:10841-10849. [PMID: 35863931 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular electron transfer (EET) is a critical process involved in microbial fuel cells. Spatially resolved mapping of EET flux is of essential significance due to the inevitable spatial inhomogeneity over the bacteria/electrode interface. In this work, EET flux of a typical bioanode constructed by inhabiting Shewanella putrefaciens CN32 on a porous polyaniline (PANI) film was successfully mapped using a newly established oblique incident reflectivity difference (OIRD) technique. In the open-circuit state, the PANI film was reduced by the electrons released from the bacteria via the EET process, and the resultant redox state change of PANI was sensitively imaged by OIRD in a real-time and noninvasive manner. Due to the strong correlation between the EET flux and OIRD signal, the OIRD differential image represents spatially resolved EET flux, and the in situ OIRD signal reveals the dynamic behavior during the EET process, thus providing important spatiotemporal information complementary to the bulky electrochemical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxiang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Junying Li
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Zhihao Feng
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Min Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Yan Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Weihua Hu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
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13
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Modern applications of scanning electrochemical microscopy in the analysis of electrocatalytic surface reactions. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(21)63948-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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14
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McKenzie ECR, Hosseini S, Petro AGC, Rudman KK, Gerroll BHR, Mubarak MS, Baker LA, Little RD. Versatile Tools for Understanding Electrosynthetic Mechanisms. Chem Rev 2021; 122:3292-3335. [PMID: 34919393 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Electrosynthesis is a popular, green alternative to traditional organic methods. Understanding the mechanisms is not trivial yet is necessary to optimize reaction processes. To this end, a multitude of analytical tools is available to identify and quantitate reaction products and intermediates. The first portion of this review serves as a guide that underscores electrosynthesis fundamentals, including instrumentation, electrode selection, impacts of electrolyte and solvent, cell configuration, and methods of electrosynthesis. Next, the broad base of analytical techniques that aid in mechanism elucidation are covered in detail. These methods are divided into electrochemical, spectroscopic, chromatographic, microscopic, and computational. Technique selection is dependent on predicted reaction pathways and electrogenerated intermediates. Often, a combination of techniques must be utilized to ensure accuracy of the proposed model. To conclude, future prospects that aim to enhance the field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric C R McKenzie
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Seyyedamirhossein Hosseini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Ana G Couto Petro
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Kelly K Rudman
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Benjamin H R Gerroll
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | | | - Lane A Baker
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - R Daniel Little
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Building 232, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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15
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Lee W, Lee T, Kim S, Bae S, Yoon J, Cho K. Descriptive Role of Pt/PtO x Ratio on the Selective Chlorine Evolution Reaction under Polarity Reversal as Studied by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:34093-34101. [PMID: 34270208 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c06187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated competing chlorine evolution reaction (ClER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) on Pt electrodes under variable polarity reversal intervals (±16.7 mA cm-2, 30-600 s) in the context of distinctive roles of Pt(0) and PtOx on the surface in dilute (0.1 M) NaCl solutions. The substrate generation/tip collection mode of scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) quantified the current efficiency (CE) of ClER with a large tip-to-substrate distance (>500 μm) to avoid intervention of bubbles and spatial variations. Surface interrogation SECM using [Ru(NH3)6]2+/3+ coupled with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) identified the Pt4+-enriched surface of PtOx with a bilayer structure to give more efficient regeneration of Pt(0) under the shorter reversal interval. The in situ SECM complemented bulk electrolysis and XPS to demonstrate that ClER on Pt(0) and OER on PtOx primarily determine the CE of ClER, in agreement with a kinetic model. The descriptive role of surface Pt/PtOx ratio rationalized the enhanced selectivity for ClER upon the polarity switching, being independent on a scaling relationship. The current reversal (not allowed to IrO2 electrodes) also alleviated calcareous scale deposit in the electrolyte with hardness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woonghee Lee
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Teayoung Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Process, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Kim
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungho Bae
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeyong Yoon
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Process, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Korea Environment Institute, 370 Sicheong-daero, Sejong 30147, Republic of Korea
| | - Kangwoo Cho
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology (I-CREATE), Yonsei University International Campus, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
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16
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Chen J, Chen H, Yu T, Li R, Wang Y, Shao Z, Song S. Recent Advances in the Understanding of the Surface Reconstruction of Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysts and Materials Development. ELECTROCHEM ENERGY R 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s41918-021-00104-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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17
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Jin Z, Bard AJ. Surface Interrogation of Electrodeposited MnO
x
and CaMnO
3
Perovskites by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy: Probing Active Sites and Kinetics for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202008052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyu Jin
- Center for Electrochemistry, Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas 78712 USA
| | - Allen J. Bard
- Center for Electrochemistry, Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas 78712 USA
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18
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Yang Y, Xiong Y, Zeng R, Lu X, Krumov M, Huang X, Xu W, Wang H, DiSalvo FJ, Brock JD, Muller DA, Abruña HD. Operando Methods in Electrocatalysis. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c04789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Yin Xiong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Rui Zeng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Xinyao Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Mihail Krumov
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Xin Huang
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS), Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Weixuan Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Hongsen Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Francis J. DiSalvo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Joel. D. Brock
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS), Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - David A. Muller
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Héctor D. Abruña
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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19
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Li J, Triana CA, Wan W, Adiyeri Saseendran DP, Zhao Y, Balaghi SE, Heidari S, Patzke GR. Molecular and heterogeneous water oxidation catalysts: recent progress and joint perspectives. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:2444-2485. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00978d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The recent synthetic and mechanistic progress in molecular and heterogeneous water oxidation catalysts highlights the new, overarching strategies for knowledge transfer and unifying design concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Li
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Zurich
- CH-8057 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - C. A. Triana
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Zurich
- CH-8057 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - W. Wan
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Zurich
- CH-8057 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | | | - Y. Zhao
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Zurich
- CH-8057 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - S. E. Balaghi
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Zurich
- CH-8057 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - S. Heidari
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Zurich
- CH-8057 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - G. R. Patzke
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Zurich
- CH-8057 Zurich
- Switzerland
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20
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Limani N, Boudet A, Blanchard N, Jousselme B, Cornut R. Local probe investigation of electrocatalytic activity. Chem Sci 2020; 12:71-98. [PMID: 34163583 PMCID: PMC8178752 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04319b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As the world energy crisis remains a long-term challenge, development and access to renewable energy sources are crucial for a sustainable modern society. Electrochemical energy conversion devices are a promising option for green energy supply, although the challenge associated with electrocatalysis have caused increasing complexity in the materials and systems, demanding further research and insights. In this field, scanning probe microscopy (SPM) represents a specific source of knowledge and understanding. Thus, our aim is to present recent findings on electrocatalysts for electrolysers and fuel cells, acquired mainly through scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) and other related scanning probe techniques. This review begins with an introduction to the principles of several SPM techniques and then proceeds to the research done on various energy-related reactions, by emphasizing the progress on non-noble electrocatalytic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Limani
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, LICSEN Gif-sur-Yvette 91191 France
| | - A Boudet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, LICSEN Gif-sur-Yvette 91191 France
| | - N Blanchard
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, LICSEN Gif-sur-Yvette 91191 France
| | - B Jousselme
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, LICSEN Gif-sur-Yvette 91191 France
| | - R Cornut
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, LICSEN Gif-sur-Yvette 91191 France
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21
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Jin Z, Bard AJ. Surface Interrogation of Electrodeposited MnO x and CaMnO 3 Perovskites by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy: Probing Active Sites and Kinetics for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:794-799. [PMID: 32939974 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Surface interrogation scanning electrochemical microscopy (SI-SECM) of two electrodeposited manganese-based electrocatalysts, amorphous MnOx and perovskite CaMnO3 , was used to investigate the manganese oxidation state relating to the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) under neutral conditions. The results indicate the amounts of MnIII and MnIV species in MnOx and CaMnO3 depend on potential. A MnV species was identified in both structures during the OER. Time-delay titration of MnV further revealed that MnOx produced two types of active sites with different OER reaction rates: k'fast (MnOx )=1.21 s-1 and k'slow (MnOx )=0.24 s-1 . In contrast, CaMnO3 perovskites in which the MnV species formed at a less positive potential than that in MnOx , displayed only one kinetic behavior with a faster reaction rate of 1.72 s-1 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyu Jin
- Center for Electrochemistry, Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
| | - Allen J Bard
- Center for Electrochemistry, Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
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22
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Jantz DT, Seuferling TE, Leonard KC. Numerical Deconvolution of Surface Interrogation Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Experiments on Platinum During Hydrogen Evolution. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202001082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dylan T. Jantz
- Center for Environmentally Beneficial Catalysis Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering The University of Kansas Lawrence KS USA
| | - Tess E. Seuferling
- Center for Environmentally Beneficial Catalysis Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering The University of Kansas Lawrence KS USA
| | - Kevin C. Leonard
- Center for Environmentally Beneficial Catalysis Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering The University of Kansas Lawrence KS USA
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23
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Simultaneous, multiplex quantification of protease activities using a gold microelectrode array. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 165:112330. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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24
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25
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Li L, Zhong C, Feng B, Chen N, Dai J, Bin Lu H, Hu W. Optical imaging of the potential distribution at transparent electrode/solution interfaces. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:4531-4534. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc01500h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Optical monitoring of the electrode potential and imaging of its distribution on transparent electrodes are achieved by using OIRD technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials
- School of Materials & Energy
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- China
| | - Changyin Zhong
- Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials
- School of Materials & Energy
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- China
| | - Bomin Feng
- Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials
- School of Materials & Energy
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- China
| | - Nan Chen
- Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials
- School of Materials & Energy
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- China
| | - Jun Dai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Hui Bin Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Weihua Hu
- Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials
- School of Materials & Energy
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- China
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26
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Ma Y, Shinde PS, Li X, Pan S. High-Throughput Screening and Surface Interrogation Studies of Au-Modified Hematite Photoanodes by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy for Solar Water Splitting. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:17257-17268. [PMID: 31656900 PMCID: PMC6811860 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Au-modified hematite photoanode was screened for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation by the scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) technique with a scanning probe of the optical fiber for visible light irradiation of the photoanode substrate. The Au-modified hematite exhibited an enhancement in the photocurrent up to 3% (at. %), and the performance drop was observed with 4-10% (at. %) of Au modification. Subsequently, pristine and Au-modified hematite thin-film photoanodes were fabricated by the spin-coating method to confirm the results of SECM. The PEC response confirms that 3% (at. %) of Au is the optimum concentration to provide the best enhancement of PEC water oxidation with a ∼6-fold increase compared to the pristine hematite sample. Direct Au oxidation, charge recombination, and strong light absorption by Au are responsible for the decrease in PEC performance when the Au percentage is above 3%. The pristine and Au-modified hematite materials were also characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Au was found to exist in the form of embedded metallic nanoparticles in the modified hematite. Mott-Schottky analysis of the bulk samples confirms an improvement in charge carrier density for the Au-modified hematite. Additionally, there was little plasmonic enhancement as evidenced by UV-vis spectroscopy, with a minimal contribution toward photoactivity. Surface interrogation SECM quantitatively probed the reactive surface states (RSSs) such as OH• formed on hematite and Au-modified hematite surfaces during water oxidation. The coverage of RSSs was found to increase with the substrate potential. The interrogated charge under the dark condition for the 3% Au-modified hematite sample is higher than the pristine hematite sample because of the enhanced electronic conductivity of the hematite film.
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27
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Peiris CR, Vogel YB, Le Brun AP, Aragonès AC, Coote ML, Díez-Pérez I, Ciampi S, Darwish N. Metal-Single-Molecule-Semiconductor Junctions Formed by a Radical Reaction Bridging Gold and Silicon Electrodes. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:14788-14797. [PMID: 31455076 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b07125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Here we report molecular films terminated with diazonium salts moieties at both ends which enables single-molecule contacts between gold and silicon electrodes at open circuit via a radical reaction. We show that the kinetics of film grafting is crystal-facet dependent, being more favorable on ⟨111⟩ than on ⟨100⟩, a finding that adds control over surface chemistry during the device fabrication. The impact of this spontaneous chemistry in single-molecule electronics is demonstrated using STM-break junction approaches by forming metal-single-molecule-semiconductor junctions between silicon and gold source and drain, electrodes. Au-C and Si-C molecule-electrode contacts result in single-molecule wires that are mechanically stable, with an average lifetime at room temperature of 1.1 s, which is 30-400% higher than that reported for conventional molecular junctions formed between gold electrodes using thiol and amine contact groups. The high stability enabled measuring current-voltage properties during the lifetime of the molecular junction. We show that current rectification, which is intrinsic to metal-semiconductor junctions, can be controlled when a single-molecule bridges the gap in the junction. The system changes from being a current rectifier in the absence of a molecular bridge to an ohmic contact when a single molecule is covalently bonded to both silicon and gold electrodes. This study paves the way for the merging of the fields of single-molecule and silicon electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandramalika R Peiris
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin Institute of Functional molecules and Interfaces , Curtin University , Bentley , Western Australia 6102 , Australia
| | - Yan B Vogel
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin Institute of Functional molecules and Interfaces , Curtin University , Bentley , Western Australia 6102 , Australia
| | - Anton P Le Brun
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering , Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization (ANSTO) , Lucas Heights , New South Wales 2234 , Australia
| | - Albert C Aragonès
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural & Mathematical Sciences , King's College London , Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street , London SE1 1DB , United Kingdom
| | - Michelle L Coote
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Research School of Chemistry , Australian National University , Canberra , Australian Capital Territory 2601 , Australia
| | - Ismael Díez-Pérez
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural & Mathematical Sciences , King's College London , Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street , London SE1 1DB , United Kingdom
| | - Simone Ciampi
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin Institute of Functional molecules and Interfaces , Curtin University , Bentley , Western Australia 6102 , Australia
| | - Nadim Darwish
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin Institute of Functional molecules and Interfaces , Curtin University , Bentley , Western Australia 6102 , Australia
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28
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Counihan MJ, Setwipatanachai W, Rodríguez‐López J. Interrogating the Surface Intermediates and Water Oxidation Products of Boron‐Doped Diamond Electrodes with Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy. ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201900659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Counihan
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana Illinois 61801 Untied States
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR)
| | - Worapol Setwipatanachai
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana Illinois 61801 Untied States
| | - Joaquín Rodríguez‐López
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana Illinois 61801 Untied States
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR)
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology
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29
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Iffelsberger C, Raith T, Vatsyayan P, Vyskočil V, Matysik FM. Detection and imaging of reactive oxygen species associated with the electrochemical oxygen evolution by hydrodynamic scanning electrochemical microscopy. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.05.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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30
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Advances and Perspectives in Chemical Imaging in Cellular Environments Using Electrochemical Methods. CHEMOSENSORS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors6020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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31
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Kim JY, Ahn HS, Bard AJ. Surface Interrogation Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy for a Photoelectrochemical Reaction: Water Oxidation on a Hematite Surface. Anal Chem 2018; 90:3045-3049. [PMID: 29392942 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
To understand the pathway of a photoelectrochemical (PEC) reaction, quantitative knowledge of reaction intermediates is important. We describe here surface interrogation scanning electrochemical microscopy for this purpose (PEC SI-SECM), where a light pulse to a photoactive semiconductor film at a given potential generates intermediates that are then analyzed by a tip generated titrant at known times after the light pulse. The improvements were demonstrated for photoelectrochemical water oxidation (oxygen evolution) reaction on a hematite surface. The density of photoactive sites, proposed to be Fe4+ species, on a hematite surface was successfully quantified, and the photoelectrochemical water oxidation reaction dynamics were elucidated by time-dependent redox titration experiments. The new configuration of PEC SI-SECM should find expanded usage to understand and investigate more complicated PEC reactions with other materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Young Kim
- Center for Electrochemistry, Department of Chemistry , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States.,Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology , 141 Gajeong-ro , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun S Ahn
- Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro , Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
| | - Allen J Bard
- Center for Electrochemistry, Department of Chemistry , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
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32
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Krumov MR, Simpson BH, Counihan MJ, Rodríguez-López J. In Situ Quantification of Surface Intermediates and Correlation to Discharge Products on Hematite Photoanodes Using a Combined Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Approach. Anal Chem 2018; 90:3050-3057. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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33
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Bhat MA, Nioradze N, Kim J, Amemiya S, Bard AJ. In Situ Detection of the Adsorbed Fe(II) Intermediate and the Mechanism of Magnetite Electrodeposition by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:15891-15899. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b08835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin A. Bhat
- Center
for Electrochemistry, Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Nikoloz Nioradze
- The
R. Agladze Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi 0179, Georgia
| | - Jiyeon Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Shigeru Amemiya
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Allen J. Bard
- Center
for Electrochemistry, Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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34
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Papaderakis A, Tsiplakides D, Balomenou S, Sotiropoulos S. Probing the hydrogen adsorption affinity of Pt and Ir by surface interrogation scanning electrochemical microscopy (SI-SECM). Electrochem commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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35
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Ahn HS, Bard AJ. Assessment of the Stability and Operability of Cobalt Phosphide Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen Evolution. Anal Chem 2017; 89:8574-8579. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun S. Ahn
- Department
of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Allen J. Bard
- Center
for Electrochemistry, Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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36
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Anderson MJ, Crooks RM. Microfluidic Surface Titrations of Electroactive Thin Films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:7053-7061. [PMID: 28665618 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b01542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report the use of microfluidic surface titrations (MSTs) for studying electroactive self-assembled monolayers (eSAMs) and other thin films. The technique of MST utilizes a microfluidic generation-collection dual channel electrode (DCE) configuration to quantify the charge associated with electroactive thin films that might or might not be in direct contact with an electrode surface. This technique allows for quantitative measurement of surface coverages, Γ, as low as 30 pmol cm-2 for electrodeposited Cu thin films. Additionally, we show that it is possible to quantify Γ for ferrocene (Fc)-terminated alkylthiols in mixed-monolayer eSAMs. Interestingly, MSTs sometimes reveal a two-fold higher eSAM concentration compared to direct electrochemical measurements. This finding suggests that in these instances not all the constituent Fc-moieties of the eSAM are in sufficiently close proximity to the surface to be addressable via direct electrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan J Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin , 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Richard M Crooks
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin , 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
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Han D, Crouch GM, Fu K, Zaino Iii LP, Bohn PW. Single-molecule spectroelectrochemical cross-correlation during redox cycling in recessed dual ring electrode zero-mode waveguides. Chem Sci 2017; 8:5345-5355. [PMID: 28970913 PMCID: PMC5609146 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc02250f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of zero-mode waveguides (ZMW) to guide light into subwavelength-diameter nanoapertures has been exploited for studying electron transfer dynamics in zeptoliter-volume nanopores under single-molecule occupancy conditions. In this work, we report the spectroelectrochemical detection of individual molecules of the redox-active, fluorogenic molecule flavin mononucleotide (FMN) freely diffusing in solution. Our approach is based on an array of nanopore-confined recessed dual ring electrodes, wherein repeated reduction and oxidation of a single molecule at two closely spaced annular working electrodes yields amplified electrochemical signals. We have articulated these structures with an optically transparent bottom, so that the nanopores are bifunctional, exhibiting both nanophotonic and nanoelectrochemical behaviors allowing the coupling between electron transfer and fluorescence dynamics to be studied under redox cycling conditions. We also investigated the electric field intensity in electrochemical ZMWs (E-ZMW) through finite-element simulations, and the amplification of fluorescence by redox cycling agrees well with predictions based on optical confinement effects inside the E-ZMW. Proof-of-principle experiments are conducted showing that electrochemical and fluorescence signals may be correlated to reveal single molecule fluctuations in the array population. Cross-correlation of single molecule fluctuations in amperometric response and single photon emission provides unequivocal evidence of single molecule sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghoon Han
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , IN 46556 , USA . ; ; Tel: +1 574 631 1849
| | - Garrison M Crouch
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , IN 46556 , USA . ; ; Tel: +1 574 631 1849
| | - Kaiyu Fu
- Departmemt of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , IN 46556 , USA
| | - Lawrence P Zaino Iii
- Departmemt of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , IN 46556 , USA
| | - Paul W Bohn
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , IN 46556 , USA . ; ; Tel: +1 574 631 1849.,Departmemt of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , IN 46556 , USA
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Liang Z, Ahn HS, Bard AJ. A Study of the Mechanism of the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction on Nickel by Surface Interrogation Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:4854-4858. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxing Liang
- Center
for Electrochemistry, Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Hyun S. Ahn
- Department
of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Allen J. Bard
- Center
for Electrochemistry, Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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Iffelsberger C, Vatsyayan P, Matysik FM. Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy with Forced Convection Introduced by High-Precision Stirring. Anal Chem 2017; 89:1658-1664. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Iffelsberger
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry,
Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Preety Vatsyayan
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry,
Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Frank-Michael Matysik
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry,
Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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40
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Haensch M, Behnken J, Balboa L, Dyck A, Wittstock G. Redox titration of gold and platinum surface oxides at porous microelectrodes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:22915-22925. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp04589a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cavity-microelectrodes were used to investigate surface oxides on supported platinum nanoparticles and nanoporous gold with the surface interrogation mode of scanning electrochemical microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Haensch
- Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg
- Institute of Chemistry
- Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9-11
- 26129 Oldenburg
- Germany
| | - Julian Behnken
- Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg
- Institute of Chemistry
- Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9-11
- 26129 Oldenburg
- Germany
| | - Luis Balboa
- Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg
- Institute of Chemistry
- Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9-11
- 26129 Oldenburg
- Germany
| | - Alexander Dyck
- DLR Institute of Networked Energy Systems
- Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 15
- 26129 Oldenburg
- Germany
| | - Gunther Wittstock
- Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg
- Institute of Chemistry
- Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9-11
- 26129 Oldenburg
- Germany
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41
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Qian Q, Yang Y, Shao H. Solid electrolyte interphase formation by propylene carbonate reduction for lithium anode. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:28772-28780. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp04839d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The reduction of PC occurs in two potential stages which was explored by scanning electrochemical microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinlai Qian
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- P. R. China
| | - Yifu Yang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- P. R. China
| | - Huixia Shao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- P. R. China
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42
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Martin ET, McGuire CM, Mubarak MS, Peters DG. Electroreductive Remediation of Halogenated Environmental Pollutants. Chem Rev 2016; 116:15198-15234. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Erin T. Martin
- Department
of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Caitlyn M. McGuire
- Department
of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | | | - Dennis G. Peters
- Department
of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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43
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Takahashi Y, Kumatani A, Shiku H, Matsue T. Scanning Probe Microscopy for Nanoscale Electrochemical Imaging. Anal Chem 2016; 89:342-357. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasufumi Takahashi
- Division
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
- Precursory
Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Akichika Kumatani
- Advanced
Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- Graduate
School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shiku
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Matsue
- Advanced
Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- Graduate
School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
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Gossage ZT, Simpson BH, Schorr NB, Rodríguez-López J. Soft Surfaces for Fast Characterization and Positioning of Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Nanoelectrode Tips. Anal Chem 2016; 88:9897-9901. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary T. Gossage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 58 Roger Adams Laboratory, 600 South
Matthews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Burton H. Simpson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 58 Roger Adams Laboratory, 600 South
Matthews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Noah B. Schorr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 58 Roger Adams Laboratory, 600 South
Matthews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Joaquín Rodríguez-López
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 58 Roger Adams Laboratory, 600 South
Matthews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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Abstract
The shape-dependent activity of gold nanoparticles (AuNP) was studied by testing them as electrocatalysts for the notoriously slow non-enzymatic oxidation of glucose in neutral solutions. The AuNP of spherical and irregular (including polyhedral) morphologies were synthesized and attached to glassy carbon electrodes with chitosan. Voltammetric and mass spectrometric studies showed that the irregular AuNP were more catalytically active toward the oxidation of glucose to gluconic acid. No obvious differences between both morphologies were found based on their X-ray diffraction patterns and HRTEM images suggesting that the crystallographic orientation alone did not account for their catalytic properties. While both morphologies contain the (111) crystallographic planes that are catalytic toward glucose oxidation, the better activity of irregular AuNP was ascribed to a higher surface density of incipient gold oxide acting as a fast redox mediator for glucose oxidation. Supporting this, the AuNP of both morphologies oxidized glucose after their anodic activation, although not to the same extent. The amperometric (0.30 V) determination of glucose at electrodes made of irregular AuNP yielded a wide linear calibration plot (0.20-110 mM; R2, 0.998), sensitivity of 66 μA M-1 cm-2, limit of detection of 100 μM (S/N, 3), and a response time below 5 s. The advantage of low-cost irregular AuNP over macro gold is that they are catalytic toward glucose oxidation without any need for prior activation.
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Hui J, Zhou X, Bhargava R, Chinderle A, Zhang J, Rodríguez-López J. Kinetic Modulation of Outer-Sphere Electron Transfer Reactions on Graphene Electrode with a Sub-surface Metal Substrate. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.06.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ahn HS, Bard AJ. Electrochemical Surface Interrogation of a MoS2 Hydrogen-Evolving Catalyst: In Situ Determination of the Surface Hydride Coverage and the Hydrogen Evolution Kinetics. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:2748-2752. [PMID: 27383727 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b01276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) on an electrodeposited a-MoS2 electrode was investigated by a surface-selective electrochemical titration technique by application of surface interrogation scanning electrochemical microscopy. In a mildly acidic (pH 4.6) environment, the saturated surface hydride coverage of MoS2 was determined to be 31%, much higher than that expected for a crystalline nanoparticle. The HER rate constant of a surface molybdenum atom was measured for the first time in situ to be 3.8 s(-1) at a 600 mV overpotential. At high Mo-H coverages, a change in the nature of the active sites was observed upon consumption of Mo-H by HER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun S Ahn
- Center for Electrochemistry, Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Allen J Bard
- Center for Electrochemistry, Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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48
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Zheng Q, Yang Y, Yan Y, Yu Y, Liu Y, Gao W, Ding K, Shao H. The long-range effect induced by untying hydrogen bonds for single cell test using SECM. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.04.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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49
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Romo AIB, Abreu DS, de F. Paulo T, Carepo MSP, Sousa EHS, Lemus L, Aliaga C, Batista AA, Nascimento OR, Abruña HD, Diógenes ICN. Hydroxyl Radical Generation and DNA Nuclease Activity: A Mechanistic Study Based on a Surface-Immobilized Copper Thioether Clip-Phen Derivative. Chemistry 2016; 22:10081-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adolfo I. B. Romo
- Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica; Universidade Federal do Ceará; Cx. Postal 6021 Fortaleza, CE 60451-970 Brasil
| | - Dieric S. Abreu
- Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica; Universidade Federal do Ceará; Cx. Postal 6021 Fortaleza, CE 60451-970 Brasil
| | - Tércio de F. Paulo
- Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica; Universidade Federal do Ceará; Cx. Postal 6021 Fortaleza, CE 60451-970 Brasil
| | - Marta S. P. Carepo
- Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica; Universidade Federal do Ceará; Cx. Postal 6021 Fortaleza, CE 60451-970 Brasil
| | - Eduardo H. S. Sousa
- Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica; Universidade Federal do Ceará; Cx. Postal 6021 Fortaleza, CE 60451-970 Brasil
| | - Luis Lemus
- Facultad de Química y Biología; Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Alameda 3363, Estación Central; Santiago Chile
| | - Carolina Aliaga
- Facultad de Química y Biología; Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Alameda 3363, Estación Central; Santiago Chile
- Centro para el Desarrollo de la Nanociencia y la Nanotecnología; CEDENNA; Santiago Chile
| | - Alzir A. Batista
- Departamento de Química; Universidade Federal de São Carlos; CP 676, CEP 13565-905 São Carlos, SP Brazil
| | - Otaciro R. Nascimento
- Departamento de Física e Informática; Instituto de Física de São Carlos; Universidade de São Paulo; CP 369, CEP 13560-970 São Carlos, SP Brazil
| | - Héctor D. Abruña
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Cornell University; Ithaca NY 14853-1301 USA
| | - Izaura C. N. Diógenes
- Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica; Universidade Federal do Ceará; Cx. Postal 6021 Fortaleza, CE 60451-970 Brasil
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50
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Barforoush JM, McDonald TD, Desai TA, Widrig D, Bayer C, Brown MK, Cummings LC, Leonard KC. Intelligent Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Tip and Substrate Control Utilizing Fuzzy Logic. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.12.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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