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Marx A, Betz K. The Structural Basis for Processing of Unnatural Base Pairs by DNA Polymerases. Chemistry 2020; 26:3446-3463. [PMID: 31544987 PMCID: PMC7155079 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Unnatural base pairs (UBPs) greatly increase the diversity of DNA and RNA, furthering their broad range of molecular biological and biotechnological approaches. Different candidates have been developed whereby alternative hydrogen-bonding patterns and hydrophobic and packing interactions have turned out to be the most promising base-pairing concepts to date. The key in many applications is the highly efficient and selective acceptance of artificial base pairs by DNA polymerases, which enables amplification of the modified DNA. In this Review, computational as well as experimental studies that were performed to characterize the pairing behavior of UBPs in free duplex DNA or bound to the active site of KlenTaq DNA polymerase are highlighted. The structural studies, on the one hand, elucidate how base pairs lacking hydrogen bonds are accepted by these enzymes and, on the other hand, highlight the influence of one or several consecutive UBPs on the structure of a DNA double helix. Understanding these concepts facilitates optimization of future UBPs for the manifold fields of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Marx
- Department of ChemistryKonstanz Research School Chemical BiologyUniversity of KonstanzUniversitätsstrasse 1078464KonstanzGermany
| | - Karin Betz
- Department of ChemistryKonstanz Research School Chemical BiologyUniversity of KonstanzUniversitätsstrasse 1078464KonstanzGermany
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2
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Matsumoto K, Saito-Tarashima N, Wada T, Yonaha O, Minakawa N. Synthesis and properties of oligonucleotides containing a 2,6-diamino-3-deazapurine:furanopyrimidine base pair. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 41:943-960. [PMID: 31994434 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2019.1694687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Furanopyrimidine (FPy) and 2,6-diamino-3-deazapurine (DC3Pu) nucleosides with the ability to interact in DDD and AAA H-bonding patterns, respectively, were prepared. The N-1 pKa value of the DC3Pu nucleoside was estimated to be 6.4, which is due to the lack of a nitrogen atom at the 3-position, suggesting that DC3Pu acts as a base interacting in a DDD H-bonding pattern under near physiological conditions. As DC3Pu and FPy are expected to form a thermally stable DDD:AAA type of base pair in an oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) duplex, they were incorporated into ODNs, and the Tm value of the ODN duplex was determined. However, the ODN duplex containing a DC3Pu:FPy pair has a lower thermal stability than that containing a G:C pair does, although its thermal stability is equal to that of an ODN duplex with an A:T pair even under acidic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | | | - Tomoya Wada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Orie Yonaha
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Noriaki Minakawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
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3
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Johnson A, Karimi A, Luedtke NW. Enzymatic Incorporation of a Coumarin–Guanine Base Pair. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:16839-16843. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201910059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Johnson
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Ashkan Karimi
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Nathan W. Luedtke
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
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4
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Johnson A, Karimi A, Luedtke NW. Enzymatic Incorporation of a Coumarin–Guanine Base Pair. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201910059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Johnson
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Ashkan Karimi
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Nathan W. Luedtke
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
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5
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Abstract
In this review, we have summarized the research effort into the development of unnatural base pairs beyond standard Watson-Crick (WC) base pairs for synthetic biology. Prior to introducing our research results, we present investigations by four outstanding groups in the field. Their research results demonstrate the importance of shape complementarity and stacking ability as well as hydrogen-bonding (H-bonding) patterns for unnatural base pairs. On the basis of this research background, we developed unnatural base pairs consisting of imidazo[5',4':4.5]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines and 1,8-naphthyridines, i.e., Im : Na pairs. Since Im bases are recognized as ring-expanded purines and Na bases are recognized as ring-expanded pyrimidines, Im : Na pairs are expected to satisfy the criteria of shape complementarity and enhanced stacking ability. In addition, these pairs have four non-canonical H-bonds. Because of these preferable properties, ImNN : NaOO, one of the Im : Na pairs, is recognized as a complementary base pair in not only single nucleotide insertion, but also the PCR.
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6
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Design of a fused triazolyl 2-quinolinone unnatural nucleoside via tandem CuAAC-Ullmann coupling reaction and study of photophysical property. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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7
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Bag SS, Talukdar S, Das SK, Pradhan MK, Mukherjee S. Donor/acceptor chromophores-decorated triazolyl unnatural nucleosides: synthesis, photophysical properties and study of interaction with BSA. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:5088-108. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00500d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We report the syntheses and photophysical properties of some triazolyl donor/acceptor unnatural nucleosides and studies on the interaction of one of the fluorescent nucleosides with BSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhendu Sekhar Bag
- Bio-organic Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati-781039
- India
| | - Sangita Talukdar
- Bio-organic Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati-781039
- India
| | - Suman Kalyan Das
- Bio-organic Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati-781039
- India
| | - Manoj Kumar Pradhan
- Bio-organic Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati-781039
- India
| | - Soumen Mukherjee
- Bio-organic Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati-781039
- India
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8
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Tarashima N, Komatsu Y, Furukawa K, Minakawa N. Faithful PCR Amplification of an Unnatural Base-Pair Analogue with Four Hydrogen Bonds. Chemistry 2015; 21:10688-95. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201501484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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9
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Shirato W, Chiba J, Inouye M. A firmly hybridizable, DNA-like architecture with DAD/ADA- and ADD/DAA-type nonnatural base pairs as an extracellular genetic candidate. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:7043-6. [PMID: 25806487 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc09486g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We describe artificial DNA molecules exclusively consisting of four types of alkynyl C-nucleotides with nonnatural bases. The artificial DNA exhibited almost the same characteristics as natural DNA, such as in regard to the stepwise duplex and triplex formation and the right-handed higher-order structure with an antiparallel alignment fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Shirato
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
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10
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Tanaka Y, Kondo J, Sychrovský V, Šebera J, Dairaku T, Saneyoshi H, Urata H, Torigoe H, Ono A. Structures, physicochemical properties, and applications of T–HgII–T, C–AgI–C, and other metallo-base-pairs. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:17343-60. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc02693h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In this feature article, recent progress and future perspectives of metal-mediated base-pairs such as T–Hg(ii)–T and C–Ag(i)–C are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Tanaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Tokushima Bunri University
- Tokushima
- Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Jiro Kondo
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Sophia University
- Chiyoda-ku
- Japan
| | - Vladimír Sychrovský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
- Praha 6
- Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Šebera
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
- Praha 6
- Czech Republic
- Institute of Physics
| | - Takenori Dairaku
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Tohoku University
- Sendai
- Japan
| | - Hisao Saneyoshi
- Department of Material & Life Chemistry
- Kanagawa University
- Yokohama
- Japan
| | - Hidehito Urata
- Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Takatsuki
- Japan
| | - Hidetaka Torigoe
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Tokyo University of Science
- Shinjuku-ku
- Japan
| | - Akira Ono
- Department of Material & Life Chemistry
- Kanagawa University
- Yokohama
- Japan
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11
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Du ML, Hu CY, Wang LF, Li C, Han YY, Gan X, Chen Y, Mu WH, Huang ML, Fu WF. New members of fluorescent 1,8-naphthyridine-based BF2 compounds: selective binding of BF2 with terminal bidentate N^N^O and N^C^O groups and tunable spectroscopy properties. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:13924-31. [PMID: 25111133 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt01735h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Intensely luminescent 1,8-naphthyridine-BF2 complexes 1-9 containing terminal bidentate N^N^O and/or N^C^O groups are synthesized and structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, (1)H and (19)F NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Complexes 1-4 are synthesized from 2-acetamino-1,8-naphthyridine derivatives by a facile route. Selective bonding modes and the chemical stability of complexes 5 and 6 obtained by reacting BF3·Et2O with 1,8-naphthyridine derivatives bearing dual-functional groups (N^C^O and N^N^O) are investigated by crystal structure analysis and time-dependent density functional theory calculations. The products containing a BF2 core bound to a N^C^O chelating group are energetically favorable and can expand the range of derivatives by substitution at the 2-position. In this regard, a free -NH2 group at the 2-position of complex 7 obtained from 5 can be functionalized under a variety of pH conditions to generate complexes 8 and 9, which bear flexible coordination arms that can be used to recognize certain transition metals. The photophysical properties of the complexes are examined in solution and solid state at room temperature. Compared with those of the starting naphthyridine-based compounds, the naphthyridine-BF2 complexes display desirable light-absorbing properties and intense solution and solid-state emission with large Stokes shifts. Complex 4 in solution exhibited an emission quantum yield of 0.98. In complexes 5-9, the binding sites for the BF2 core change from N^N^O to N^C^O, which leads to red shifts of absorption and emission, excellent chemical stability and high emission quantum yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ling Du
- College of Chemistry and Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, P.R. China.
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12
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Nomura Y, Kashiwagi S, Sato K, Matsuda A. Selective Transcription of an Unnatural Naphthyridine:Imidazopyridopyrimidine Base Pair Containing Four Hydrogen Bonds with T7 RNA Polymerase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201406402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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13
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Nomura Y, Kashiwagi S, Sato K, Matsuda A. Selective transcription of an unnatural naphthyridine:imidazopyridopyrimidine base pair containing four hydrogen bonds with T7 RNA polymerase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:12844-8. [PMID: 25251031 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201406402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The naphthyridine:imidazopyridopyrimidine base pair is the first base pair containing four hydrogen bonds that can be replicated selectively and efficiently by the use of DNA polymerases. Herein we describe the synthesis of naphthyridine-C-ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate (rNaTP) and transcription reactions catalyzed by T7 RNA polymerase with rNaTP and template DNA containing imidazopyridopyrimidine. The transcription reaction was also applied to a longer transcript containing part of the human c-Ha-Ras gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusaku Nomura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812 (Japan)
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14
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Li Z, Liu X, Zhao W, Wang S, Zhou W, Wei L, Yu M. Naked-Eye Detection of C1–C4 Alcohols Based on Ground-State Intramolecular Proton Transfer. Anal Chem 2014; 86:2521-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ac403550t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanxian Li
- The College
of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xingjiang Liu
- The College
of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Wanying Zhao
- The College
of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- The College
of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Wan Zhou
- The College
of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Liuhe Wei
- The College
of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Mingming Yu
- The College
of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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15
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Betz K, Malyshev DA, Lavergne T, Welte W, Diederichs K, Romesberg FE, Marx A. Structural insights into DNA replication without hydrogen bonds. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:18637-43. [PMID: 24283923 PMCID: PMC3982147 DOI: 10.1021/ja409609j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The genetic alphabet is composed of two base pairs, and the development of a third, unnatural base pair would increase the genetic and chemical potential of DNA. d5SICS-dNaM is one of the most efficiently replicated unnatural base pairs identified to date, but its pairing is mediated by only hydrophobic and packing forces, and in free duplex DNA it forms a cross-strand intercalated structure that makes its efficient replication difficult to understand. Recent studies of the KlenTaq DNA polymerase revealed that the insertion of d5SICSTP opposite dNaM proceeds via a mutually induced-fit mechanism, where the presence of the triphosphate induces the polymerase to form the catalytically competent closed structure, which in turn induces the pairing nucleotides of the developing unnatural base pair to adopt a planar Watson-Crick-like structure. To understand the remaining steps of replication, we now report the characterization of the prechemistry complexes corresponding to the insertion of dNaMTP opposite d5SICS, as well as multiple postchemistry complexes in which the already formed unnatural base pair is positioned at the postinsertion site. Unlike with the insertion of d5SICSTP opposite dNaM, addition of dNaMTP does not fully induce the formation of the catalytically competent closed state. The data also reveal that once synthesized and translocated to the postinsertion position, the unnatural nucleobases again intercalate. Two modes of intercalation are observed, depending on the nature of the flanking nucleotides, and are each stabilized by different interactions with the polymerase, and each appear to reduce the affinity with which the next correct triphosphate binds. Thus, continued primer extension is limited by deintercalation and rearrangements with the polymerase active site that are required to populate the catalytically active, triphosphate bound conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Betz
- Departments of Chemistry and Biology, Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, D-78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Denis A. Malyshev
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California, 92037
| | - Thomas Lavergne
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California, 92037
| | - Wolfram Welte
- Departments of Chemistry and Biology, Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, D-78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Kay Diederichs
- Departments of Chemistry and Biology, Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, D-78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Floyd E. Romesberg
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California, 92037
| | - Andreas Marx
- Departments of Chemistry and Biology, Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, D-78464 Konstanz, Germany
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Winnacker M, Kool ET. Artificial genetic sets composed of size-expanded base pairs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:12498-508. [PMID: 24249550 PMCID: PMC5497059 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201305267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We describe in this Minireview the synthesis, properties, and applications of artificial genetic sets built from base pairs that are larger than the natural Watson-Crick architecture. Such designed systems are being explored by several research groups to investigate basic chemical questions regarding the functions of the genetic information storage systems and thus of the origin and evolution of life. For example, is the terrestrial DNA structure the only viable one, or can other architectures function as well? Working outside the constraints of purine-pyrimidine geometry provides more chemical flexibility in design, and the added size confers useful properties such as high binding affinity and helix stability as well as fluorescence. These features are useful for the investigation of fundamental biochemical questions as well as in the development of new biotechnological, biomedical, and nanostructural tools and methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Winnacker
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 (USA)
| | - Eric T. Kool
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 (USA)
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Winnacker M, Kool ET. Künstliche genetische Systeme bestehend aus vergrößerten Basenpaaren. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201305267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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18
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Li L, Degardin M, Lavergne T, Malyshev DA, Dhami K, Ordoukhanian P, Romesberg FE. Natural-like replication of an unnatural base pair for the expansion of the genetic alphabet and biotechnology applications. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 136:826-9. [PMID: 24152106 DOI: 10.1021/ja408814g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
We synthesized a panel of unnatural base pairs whose pairing depends on hydrophobic and packing forces and identify dTPT3-dNaM, which is PCR amplified with a natural base pair-like efficiency and fidelity. In addition, the dTPT3 scaffold is uniquely tolerant of attaching a propargyl amine linker, resulting in the dTPT3(PA)-dNaM pair, which is amplified only slightly less well. The identification of dTPT3 represents significant progress toward developing an unnatural base pair for the in vivo expansion of an organism's genetic alphabet and for a variety of in vitro biotechnology applications where it is used to site-specifically label amplified DNA, and it also demonstrates for the first time that hydrophobic and packing forces are sufficient to mediate natural-like replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjun Li
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Center for Protein and Nucleic Acid Research, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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19
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Pinheiro VB, Loakes D, Holliger P. Synthetic polymers and their potential as genetic materials. Bioessays 2012; 35:113-22. [PMID: 23281109 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201200135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
DNA and RNA are the only known natural genetic materials. Systematic modification of each of their chemical building blocks (nucleobase, sugar, and phosphate) has enabled the study of the key properties that make those nucleic acids genetic materials. All three moieties contribute to replication and, significantly, all three moieties can be replaced by synthetic analogs without loss of function. Synthetic nucleic acid polymers capable of storing and propagating information not only expand the central dogma, but also highlight that DNA and RNA are not unique chemical solutions for genetic information storage. By considering replication as a question of information transfer, we propose that any polymer that can be replicated could serve as a genetic material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor B Pinheiro
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK.
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20
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Tarashima N, Higuchi Y, Komatsu Y, Minakawa N. A practical post-modification synthesis of oligodeoxynucleotides containing 4,7-diaminoimidazo[5',4':4,5]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine nucleoside. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:7095-100. [PMID: 23142321 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Revised: 09/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We describe herein the practical post-modification synthesis of oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) containing 4,7-diaminoimidazo[5',4':4,5]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine nucleoside (ImN(N)). Since the ImN(N) nucleoside unit possessing tribenzoyl groups on its exocyclic amino groups as the protecting group was quite unstable under acidic conditions, cleavage of its glycosidic linkage in ODN has been suggested throughout the conditions of solid-phase synthesis. As an alternative approach, we investigated a post-modification synthesis of the desired ODNs containing the ImN(N) unit. Starting with protected 4-amino-7-chloro-1-(2-deoxy-β-D-ribofuranosyl)imidazo[5',4':4,5]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivative 1, conversion into the corresponding phosphoramidite unit was examined. The p-bromobenzoyl group (p-BrBz) was the best protecting group of 4-amino group of 1 to give the phosphoramidite unit 9 for the post-modification synthesis. After carrying out the ODN synthesis linked to the controlled pore glass (CPG) support, the support was treated with ammonium hydroxide at 55 °C to remove the protecting groups, detach the ODN form the CPG support, and convert the 7-chloro group into a desired amino group. As a result, the desired ODNs containing ImN(N) were obtained in good yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Tarashima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokushima, Shomachi 1-78-1, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
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21
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Li L, Li J, Wang H, Zhang H, Fu W. Reactions of Naphthyridines with Aldehydes: Novel Derivatives with Red-Fluorescence Emissions and Two-Photon Absorptions. CHINESE J CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201200175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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22
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Funai T, Miyazaki Y, Aotani M, Yamaguchi E, Nakagawa O, Wada SI, Torigoe H, Ono A, Urata H. AgI Ion Mediated Formation of a C-A Mispair by DNA Polymerases. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201109191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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23
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Funai T, Miyazaki Y, Aotani M, Yamaguchi E, Nakagawa O, Wada SI, Torigoe H, Ono A, Urata H. AgI Ion Mediated Formation of a C-A Mispair by DNA Polymerases. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:6464-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201109191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Revised: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Synthesis, structures and spectroscopic properties of new 1,2-bis[2-(4-methyl-7-acetylamino-1,8-naphthyridine)]ethylene ligand and its binuclear copper(I) complexes. Inorganica Chim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2011.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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25
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Blas JR, Huertas O, Tabares C, Sumpter BG, Fuentes-Cabrera M, Orozco M, Ordejón P, Luque FJ. Structural, Dynamical, and Electronic Transport Properties of Modified DNA Duplexes Containing Size-Expanded Nucleobases. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:11344-54. [DOI: 10.1021/jp205122c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- José Ramón Blas
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Almansa 14, Albacete, 02006, Spain
| | - Oscar Huertas
- Departament de Fisicoquímica and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avgda. Diagonal 643, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Carolina Tabares
- Centre d’Investigació en Nanociència i Nanotecnologia-CIN2 (CSIC-ICN), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Bobby G. Sumpter
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and Computer Science and Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 37831-6494, USA
| | - Miguel Fuentes-Cabrera
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and Computer Science and Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 37831-6494, USA
| | - Modesto Orozco
- Molecular Modeling and Bioinformatics Unit, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica, Barcelona Scientific Park, Josep Samitier 1-6, 08028 barcelona, Spain; Department of Life Sciences, Barcelona Supercomputing Centre, Jordi Girona 29, 08034 barcelona, Spain; Departament de Bioquímica, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avgda Diagonal 647, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Pablo Ordejón
- Centre d’Investigació en Nanociència i Nanotecnologia-CIN2 (CSIC-ICN), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - F. Javier Luque
- Departament de Fisicoquímica and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avgda. Diagonal 643, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
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Kuramoto K, Tarashima N, Hirama Y, Kikuchi Y, Minakawa N, Matsuda A. New imidazopyridopyrimidine:naphthyridine base-pairing motif, ImN(N):NaO(O), consisting of a DAAD:ADDA hydrogen bonding pattern, markedly stabilize DNA duplexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:10818-20. [PMID: 21863185 DOI: 10.1039/c1cc13805g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The new imidazopyridopyrimidine:naphthyridine base-pairing motifs, ImO(O):NaN(N) and ImN(N):NaO(O), were designed. Among the base pairs examined, DNA duplexes containing ImN(N):NaO(O) pair(s) consisting of a DAAD:ADDA hydrogen bonding pattern (D = donor, A = acceptor) were markedly stabilized thermally and thermodynamically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyuki Kuramoto
- Fuculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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Ośmiałowski B, Kolehmainen E, Kauppinen R, Kowalska M. Tuning the hydrogen-bonding strength in 2,6-bis(cycloalkylcarbonylamino)pyridine assemblies by variable flexibility. Association constants measured by hydrogen-bonded vs. non-hydrogen-bonded protons. Supramol Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2011.575470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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28
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Gan X, Chi SM, Mu WH, Yao JC, Quan L, Li C, Bian ZY, Chen Y, Fu WF. Cu(I) and Pb(II) complexes containing new tris(7-naphthyridyl)methane derivatives: synthesis, structures, spectroscopy and geometric conversion. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:7365-74. [PMID: 21681325 DOI: 10.1039/c0dt01747g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two novel facial-capping tris-naphthyridyl compounds, 2-chloro-5-methyl-7-((2,4-dimethyl-1,8-naphthyridin-7(1H)-ylidene)(2,4-dimethyl-1,8-naphthyridin-7-yl))methyl-1,8-naphthyridine (L(1)) and 2-chloro-7-((2-methyl-1,8-naphthyridin-7(1H)-ylidene)(2-methyl-1,8-naphthyridin-7-yl))methyl-1,8-naphthyridine (L(2)), as well as their Cu(i) and Pb(ii) complexes, [CuL(a)(PPh(3))]BF(4) (1) (PPh(3) = triphenylphosphine, L(a) = bis(2,4-dimethyl-1,8-naphthyridin-7-yl)(2-chloro-5-methyl-1,8-naphthyridin-7-yl)methane), [CuL(b)(PPh(3))]BF(4) (2) (L(b) = bis(2-methyl-1,8-naphthyridin-7-yl)(2-chloro-1,8-naphthyridin-7-yl)methane), [Pb(OL(a))(NO(3))(2)] (3) (OL(a) = bis(2,4-dimethyl-1,8-naphthyridin-7-yl)(2-chloro-5-methyl-1,8-naphthyridin-7-yl)methanol) and [Pb(L(b))(2)][Pb(CH(3)OH)(NO(3))(4)] (4), have been synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis, MS, NMR and elemental analysis. The structural investigations revealed that the transfer of the H-atom at the central carbon to an adjacent naphthyridine-N atom affords L(1) and L(2) possessing large conjugated architectures, and the central carbon atoms adopt the sp(2) hybridized bonding mode. The reversible hydrogen transfer and a geometric configuration conversion from sp(2) to sp(3) of the central carbon atom were observed when Pb(II) and Cu(I) were coordinated to L(1) or L(2). The molecular energy changes accompanying the hydrogen migration and titration of H(+) to different receptor-N at L(1) were calculated by density functional theory (DFT) at the SCRF-B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level in a CH(2)Cl(2) solution, and the observed lowest-energy absorption and emission for L(1) and L(2) can be tentatively assigned to an intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) transition in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Gan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650092, PR China
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29
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Kimoto M, Cox RS, Hirao I. Unnatural base pair systems for sensing and diagnostic applications. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2011; 11:321-31. [PMID: 21463241 DOI: 10.1586/erm.11.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Expansion of the genetic alphabet by an unnatural base pair system provides a platform for the site-specific, enzymatic incorporation of extra, functional components into nucleic acids. Recently, several unnatural base pairs that exhibit high fidelity and efficiency in PCR have been developed. Functional groups of interest, such as fluorescent dyes, can be linked to the unnatural bases, and the modified base substrates are site-specifically incorporated into nucleic acids by polymerases. Furthermore, unique unnatural base pairs between fluorophore and quencher base analogs have been developed for imaging PCR amplification and as molecular beacons. Here, we describe the recent progress in the development of unnatural base pairs that function in PCR amplification and their applications as sensing and diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Kimoto
- RIKEN Systems and Structural Biology Center (SSBC), Yokohama, Japan
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30
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Wojciechowski F, Leumann CJ. Alternative DNA base-pairs: from efforts to expand the genetic code to potential material applications. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 40:5669-79. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cs15027h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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31
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Synthesis and characterization of oligodeoxynucleotides containing a novel tetraazabenzo[cd]azulene:naphthyridine base pair. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 19:352-8. [PMID: 21129979 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Revised: 11/05/2010] [Accepted: 11/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and thermal stability of oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) containing 4-amino-2,3,5,6-tetraazabenzo[cd]azulen-7-one nucleosides 5 (BaO(N)) with the aim of developing new base pairing motif is described. The tricyclic nucleoside 5 was prepared starting with the 7-deaza-7-iodopurine derivative 1 via a palladium catalyzed cross-coupling reaction with methyl acrylate, followed by an intramolecular cyclization. The resulting nucleoside was incorporated into ODNs, and the base pairing property of the BaO(N):NaN(O) (2-amino-7-hydroxy-1,8-naphthyridine nucleoside) pair in the duplex was evaluated by a thermal denaturation study. The melting temperature (T(m)) of the duplex containing the BaO(N):NaN(O) pair showed a higher value than that of the duplexes containing the adenine:thymine (A:T) and the guanine:cytosine (G:C) pairs, however it was lower than that of the ImO(N):NaN(O) (ImO(N)=7-amino-imidazo[5',4':4,5]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(5H)-one nucleoside) pair. A temperature-dependent (1)H NMR study revealed that the H-bonding ability of BaO(N) was lower than that of ImO(N), which would explain why the BaO(N):NaN(O) pair was less thermally stable than the ImO(N):NaN(O) pair.
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Hirama Y, Abe H, Minakawa N, Matsuda A. Synthesis and properties of a novel nucleoside derivative possessing a 2,3,5,6-tetraazabenzo[cd]azulene skeleton. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.08.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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33
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Li HJ, Fu WF, Li L, Gan X, Mu WH, Chen WQ, Duan XM, Song HB. Intense One- and Two-Photon Excited Fluorescent Bis(BF2) Core Complex Containing a 1,8-Naphthyridine Derivative. Org Lett 2010; 12:2924-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol1003725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huifang-Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Peking 100190, P.R. China, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, P.R. China, and Department of Chemistry, The State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Fu Fu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Peking 100190, P.R. China, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, P.R. China, and Department of Chemistry, The State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Peking 100190, P.R. China, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, P.R. China, and Department of Chemistry, The State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Xin Gan
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Peking 100190, P.R. China, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, P.R. China, and Department of Chemistry, The State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Hua Mu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Peking 100190, P.R. China, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, P.R. China, and Department of Chemistry, The State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Qiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Peking 100190, P.R. China, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, P.R. China, and Department of Chemistry, The State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Xuan-Ming Duan
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Peking 100190, P.R. China, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, P.R. China, and Department of Chemistry, The State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Bin Song
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Peking 100190, P.R. China, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, P.R. China, and Department of Chemistry, The State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
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Lu H, Krueger AT, Gao J, Liu H, Kool ET. Toward a designed genetic system with biochemical function: polymerase synthesis of single and multiple size-expanded DNA base pairs. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:2704-10. [PMID: 20407680 DOI: 10.1039/c002766a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of alternative architectures for genetic information-encoding systems offers the possibility of new biotechnological tools as well as basic insights into the function of the natural system. In order to examine the potential of benzo-expanded DNA (xDNA) to encode and transfer biochemical information, we carried out a study of the processing of single xDNA pairs by DNA Polymerase I Klenow fragment (Kf, an A-family sterically rigid enzyme) and by the Sulfolobus solfataricus polymerase Dpo4 (a flexible Y-family polymerase). Steady-state kinetics were measured and compared for enzymatic synthesis of the four correct xDNA pairs and twelve mismatched pairs, by incorporation of dNTPs opposite single xDNA bases. Results showed that, like Kf, Dpo4 in most cases selected the correctly paired partner for each xDNA base, but with efficiency lowered by the enlarged pair size. We also evaluated kinetics for extension by these polymerases beyond xDNA pairs and mismatches, and for exonuclease editing by the Klenow exo+ polymerase. Interestingly, the two enzymes were markedly different: Dpo4 extended pairs with relatively high efficiencies (within 18-200-fold of natural DNA), whereas Kf essentially failed at extension. The favorable extension by Dpo4 was tested further by stepwise synthesis of up to four successive xDNA pairs on an xDNA template.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haige Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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35
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Fu WF, Jia LF, Mu WH, Gan X, Zhang JB, Liu PH, Cao QY, Zhang GJ, Quan L, Lv XJ, Xu QQ. Synthesis, Characterization, Photoinduced Isomerization, and Spectroscopic Properties of Vinyl-1,8-naphthyridine Derivatives and Their Copper(I) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2010; 49:4524-33. [PMID: 20408579 DOI: 10.1021/ic100094y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Fu Fu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Peking 100190, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, China
| | - Lin-Fang Jia
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Peking 100190, China
| | - Wei-Hua Mu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, China
| | - Xin Gan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, China
| | - Jia-Bing Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, China
| | - Ping-Hua Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, China
| | - Qian-Yong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Peking 100190, China
| | - Gui-Ju Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Peking 100190, China
| | - Li Quan
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Peking 100190, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Lv
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Peking 100190, China
| | - Quan-Qing Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, China
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Ferrand Y, Kendhale A, Garric J, Kauffmann B, Huc I. Parallel and Antiparallel Triple Helices of Naphthyridine Oligoamides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200906401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Ferrand Y, Kendhale A, Garric J, Kauffmann B, Huc I. Parallel and Antiparallel Triple Helices of Naphthyridine Oligoamides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:1778-81. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200906401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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38
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Lu H, Lynch SR, Lee AHF, Kool ET. Structure and replication of yDNA: a novel genetic set widened by benzo-homologation. Chembiochem 2009; 10:2530-8. [PMID: 19780073 PMCID: PMC2982676 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200900434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In a functioning genetic system, the information-encoding molecule must form a regular self-complementary complex (for example, the base-paired double helix of DNA) and it must be able to encode information and pass it on to new generations. Here we study a benzo-widened DNA-like molecule (yDNA) as a candidate for an alternative genetic set, and we explicitly test these two structural and functional requirements. The solution structure of a 10 bp yDNA duplex is measured by using 2D-NMR methods for a simple sequence composed of T-yA/yA-T pairs. The data confirm an antiparallel, right-handed, hydrogen-bonded helix resembling B-DNA but with a wider diameter and enlarged base-pair size. In addition to this, the abilities of two different polymerase enzymes (Klenow fragment of DNA pol I (Kf) and the repair enzyme Dpo4) to synthesize and extend the yDNA pairs T-yA, A-yT, and G-yC are measured by steady-state kinetics studies. Not surprisingly, insertion of complementary bases opposite yDNA bases is inefficient due to the larger base-pair size. We find that correct pairing occurs in several cases by both enzymes, but that common and relatively efficient mispairing involving T-yT and T-yC pairs interferes with fully correct formation and extension of pairs by these polymerases. Interestingly, the data show that extension of the large pairs is considerably more efficient with the flexible repair enzyme (Dpo4) than with the more rigid Kf enzyme. The results shed light on the properties of yDNA as a candidate for an alternative genetic information-encoding molecule and as a tool for application in basic science and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haige Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305-5080 (USA), Fax: (+1)650-725-0259,
| | - Stephen R. Lynch
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305-5080 (USA), Fax: (+1)650-725-0259,
| | - Alex H. F. Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305-5080 (USA), Fax: (+1)650-725-0259,
| | - Eric T. Kool
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305-5080 (USA), Fax: (+1)650-725-0259,
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Hocek
- Department of Chemistry, WestChem, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom, and Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Gilead & IOCB Research Center, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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40
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Ogata S, Takahashi M, Minakawa N, Matsuda A. Unnatural imidazopyridopyrimidine:naphthyridine base pairs: selective incorporation and extension reaction by Deep Vent (exo- ) DNA polymerase. Nucleic Acids Res 2009; 37:5602-9. [PMID: 19628664 PMCID: PMC2761277 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkp611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In our previous communication we reported the enzymatic recognition of unnatural imidazopyridopyrimidine:naphthyridine (Im:Na) base pairs, i.e. ImO(N):NaN(O) and ImN(O):NaO(N), using the Klenow fragment exo(-) [KF (exo(-))]. We describe herein the successful results of (i) improved enzymatic recognition for ImN(O):NaO(N) base pairs and (ii) further primer extension reactions after the Im:Na base pairs by Deep Vent DNA polymerase exo(-) [Deep Vent (exo(-))]. Since KF (exo(-)) did not catalyze primer extension reactions after the Im:Na base pair, we carried out a screening of DNA polymerases to promote the primer extension reaction as well as to improve the selectivity of base pair recognition. As a result, a family B DNA polymerase, especially Deep Vent (exo(-)), seemed most promising for this purpose. In the ImO(N):NaN(O) base pair, incorporation of NaN(O)TP against ImO(N) in the template was preferable to that of the natural dNTPs, while incorporation of dATP as well as dGTP competed with that of ImO(N)TP when NaN(O) was placed in the template. Thus, the selectivity of base pair recognition by Deep Vent (exo(-)) was less than that by KF (exo(-)) in the case of the ImO(N):NaN(O) base pair. On the other hand, incorporation of NaO(N)TP against ImN(O) in the template and that of ImN(O)TP against NaO(N) were both quite selective. Thus, the selectivity of base pair recognition was improved by Deep Vent (exo(-)) in the ImN(O):NaO(N) base pair. Moreover, this enzyme catalyzed further primer extension reactions after the ImN(O):NaO(N) base pair to afford a faithful replicate, which was confirmed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry as well as the kinetics data for extension fidelity next to the ImN(O):NaO(N) base pair. The results presented in this paper revealed that the ImN(O):NaO(N) base pair might be a third base pair beyond the Watson-Crick base pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Ogata
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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