1
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Paul V, Pandhi S, Mahato DK, Agarwal A, Tripathi AD. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) and its copolymer nanocarrier application in cancer treatment: An overview and challenges. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134201. [PMID: 39069052 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
In the modern era, nanomedicine has developed novel drug-delivery strategies to improve chemotherapy. Nanotechnological-based treatment approaches for cancer through targeted tumour drug delivery and stimulus-responsive tumour microenvironment have gained tremendous success in oncology. The application of building block materials of these nanomedicines plays a vital role in cancer remediation. Despite successful application in various medical treatments, nanocarriers' lack of biodegradability and biocompatibility makes their use in a clinical context difficult. In addition, the preparation of current drug delivery systems is a major constraint. The current cancer treatment methods aim to destroy diseased tissue, frequently with the use of radiation and chemotherapy. These treatment options are accompanied by a significant level of toxicity, which has excellent potential to further medical issues in the afflicted patient. Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) polymers are biodegradable and biocompatible polyesters that can potentially be used as nanoparticular delivery systems for cancer treatment. Previously, PHA has shown tremendous application as a packaging material in the food and pharma industry. PHA-based nanocarriers are an effective drug delivery system because of their non-immunogenicity, regulated drug release, high drug loading capacity, and targeted drug delivery. This review focuses on creating and using PHA-based nanocarriers in cancer treatment. Despite its many benefits, PHA-based nanocarriers have yet to progress to clinical trials for drug delivery applications due to several issues, including the polymers' hydrophobic nature and high production costs. This review examines these challenges along with existing alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veena Paul
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; Department of Food Processing Technology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore 641114, India
| | - Shikha Pandhi
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Dipendra Kumar Mahato
- CASS Food Research Centre, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia.
| | - Aparna Agarwal
- Department of Food & Nutrition and Food Technology, Lady Irwin College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India.
| | - Abhishek Dutt Tripathi
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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2
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Mi CH, Qi XY, Ding YW, Zhou J, Dao JW, Wei DX. Recent advances of medical polyhydroxyalkanoates in musculoskeletal system. BIOMATERIALS TRANSLATIONAL 2023; 4:234-247. [PMID: 38282701 PMCID: PMC10817797 DOI: 10.12336/biomatertransl.2023.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Infection and rejection in musculoskeletal trauma often pose challenges for natural healing, prompting the exploration of biomimetic organ and tissue transplantation as a common alternative solution. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are a large family of biopolyesters synthesised in microorganism, demonstrating excellent biocompatibility and controllable biodegradability for tissue remodelling and drug delivery. With different monomer-combination and polymer-types, multi-mechanical properties of PHAs making them have great application prospects in medical devices with stretching, compression, twist in long time, especially in musculoskeletal tissue engineering. This review systematically summarises the applications of PHAs in multiple tissues repair and drug release, encompassing areas such as bone, cartilage, joint, skin, tendons, ligament, cardiovascular tissue, and nervous tissue. It also discusses challenges encountered in their application, including high production costs, potential cytotoxicity, and uncontrollable particle size distribution. In conclusion, PHAs offer a compelling avenue for musculoskeletal system applications, striking a balance between biocompatibility and mechanical performance. However, addressing challenges in their production and application requires further research to unleash their full potential in tackling the complexities of musculoskeletal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Hui Mi
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xin-Ya Qi
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yan-Wen Ding
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jin-Wei Dao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
- Dehong Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Dehong Teachers’ College, Dehong, Yunnan Province , China
| | - Dai-Xu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
- Zigong Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Zigong Psychiatric Research Center, Zigong Institute of Brain Science, Zigong, Sichuan Province, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Carbon Neutral Technology, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
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3
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Identifying Membrane Lateral Organization by Contrast-Matched Small Angle Neutron Scattering. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2022; 2402:163-177. [PMID: 34854044 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1843-1_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Lipid domains in model membranes are routinely studied to provide insight into the physical interactions that drive raft formation in cellular membranes. Using small angle neutron scattering, contrast-matching techniques enable the detection of lipid domains ranging from tens to hundreds of nanometers which are not accessible to other techniques without the use of extrinsic probes. Here, we describe a probe-free experimental approach and model-free analysis to identify lipid domains in freely floating vesicles of ternary phase separating lipid mixtures.
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4
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Prakash P, Lee WH, Loo CY, Wong HSJ, Parumasivam T. Advances in Polyhydroxyalkanoate Nanocarriers for Effective Drug Delivery: An Overview and Challenges. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12010175. [PMID: 35010124 PMCID: PMC8746483 DOI: 10.3390/nano12010175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are natural polymers produced under specific conditions by certain organisms, primarily bacteria, as a source of energy. These up-and-coming bioplastics are an undeniable asset in enhancing the effectiveness of drug delivery systems, which demand characteristics like non-immunogenicity, a sustained and controlled drug release, targeted delivery, as well as a high drug loading capacity. Given their biocompatibility, biodegradability, modifiability, and compatibility with hydrophobic drugs, PHAs often provide a superior alternative to free drug therapy or treatments using other polymeric nanocarriers. The many formulation methods of existing PHA nanocarriers, such as emulsion solvent evaporation, nanoprecipitation, dialysis, and in situ polymerization, are explained in this review. Due to their flexibility that allows for a vessel tailormade to its intended application, PHA nanocarriers have found their place in diverse therapy options like anticancer and anti-infective treatments, which are among the applications of PHA nanocarriers discussed in this article. Despite their many positive attributes, the advancement of PHA nanocarriers to clinical trials of drug delivery applications has been stunted due to the polymers’ natural hydrophobicity, controversial production materials, and high production costs, among others. These challenges are explored in this review, alongside their existing solutions and alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Prakash
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia;
| | - Wing-Hin Lee
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Royal College of Medicine Perak, Universiti Kuala Lumpur (RCMP UniKL), Ipoh 30450, Perak, Malaysia; (W.-H.L.); (C.-Y.L.)
| | - Ching-Yee Loo
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Royal College of Medicine Perak, Universiti Kuala Lumpur (RCMP UniKL), Ipoh 30450, Perak, Malaysia; (W.-H.L.); (C.-Y.L.)
| | - Hau Seung Jeremy Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia;
| | - Thaigarajan Parumasivam
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-4-6577888
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5
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Róg T, Girych M, Bunker A. Mechanistic Understanding from Molecular Dynamics in Pharmaceutical Research 2: Lipid Membrane in Drug Design. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:1062. [PMID: 34681286 PMCID: PMC8537670 DOI: 10.3390/ph14101062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We review the use of molecular dynamics (MD) simulation as a drug design tool in the context of the role that the lipid membrane can play in drug action, i.e., the interaction between candidate drug molecules and lipid membranes. In the standard "lock and key" paradigm, only the interaction between the drug and a specific active site of a specific protein is considered; the environment in which the drug acts is, from a biophysical perspective, far more complex than this. The possible mechanisms though which a drug can be designed to tinker with physiological processes are significantly broader than merely fitting to a single active site of a single protein. In this paper, we focus on the role of the lipid membrane, arguably the most important element outside the proteins themselves, as a case study. We discuss work that has been carried out, using MD simulation, concerning the transfection of drugs through membranes that act as biological barriers in the path of the drugs, the behavior of drug molecules within membranes, how their collective behavior can affect the structure and properties of the membrane and, finally, the role lipid membranes, to which the vast majority of drug target proteins are associated, can play in mediating the interaction between drug and target protein. This review paper is the second in a two-part series covering MD simulation as a tool in pharmaceutical research; both are designed as pedagogical review papers aimed at both pharmaceutical scientists interested in exploring how the tool of MD simulation can be applied to their research and computational scientists interested in exploring the possibility of a pharmaceutical context for their research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Róg
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Mykhailo Girych
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Alex Bunker
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
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6
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Segan D, Stanley G, Messina P, Swiecicki J, Ngo K, Vivier V, Buriez O, Labbé E. Interaction of Redox Probes and Ferrocene‐labelled Peptides with Lipid Bilayers Observed at Lipid Bilayer‐Modified Electrodes. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dejan Segan
- PASTEUR Département de chimie École Normale Supérieure PSL University Sorbonne Université CNRS 75005 Paris France
| | - George Stanley
- Laboratoire des biomolécules (LBM) Département de chimie École Normale supérieure PSL University Sorbonne Université CNRS 75005 Paris France
| | - Pierluca Messina
- PASTEUR Département de chimie École Normale Supérieure PSL University Sorbonne Université CNRS 75005 Paris France
| | - Jean‐Marie Swiecicki
- Laboratoire des biomolécules (LBM) Département de chimie École Normale supérieure PSL University Sorbonne Université CNRS 75005 Paris France
| | - Kieu Ngo
- Laboratoire Interfaces et Systèmes Électrochimiques (LISE) Sorbonne Université CNRS 75005 Paris France
| | - Vincent Vivier
- Laboratoire Interfaces et Systèmes Électrochimiques (LISE) Sorbonne Université CNRS 75005 Paris France
| | - Olivier Buriez
- PASTEUR Département de chimie École Normale Supérieure PSL University Sorbonne Université CNRS 75005 Paris France
| | - Eric Labbé
- PASTEUR Département de chimie École Normale Supérieure PSL University Sorbonne Université CNRS 75005 Paris France
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7
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Shen Y, Zhong Y, Fei F, Sun J, Czajkowsky DM, Gong B, Shao Z. Ultrasensitive liposome-based assay for the quantification of fundamental ion channel properties. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1112:8-15. [PMID: 32334685 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
One of the most widely used approaches to characterize transmembrane ion transport through nanoscale synthetic or biological channels is a straightforward, liposome-based assay that monitors changes in ionic flux across the vesicle membrane using pH- or ion-sensitive dyes. However, failure to account for the precise experimental conditions, in particular the complete ionic composition on either side of the membrane and the inherent permeability of ions through the lipid bilayer itself, can prevent quantifications and lead to fundamentally incorrect conclusions. Here we present a quantitative model for this assay based on the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz flux theory, which enables accurate measurements and identification of optimal conditions for the determination of ion channel permeability and selectivity. Based on our model, the detection sensitivity of channel permeability is improved by two orders of magnitude over the commonly used experimental conditions. Further, rather than obtaining qualitative preferences of ion selectivity as is typical, we determine quantitative values of these parameters under rigorously controlled conditions even when the experimental results would otherwise imply (without our model) incorrect behavior. We anticipate that this simply employed ultrasensitive assay will find wide application in the quantitative characterization of synthetic or biological ion channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shen
- Bio-ID Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yulong Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260, United States
| | - Fan Fei
- Bio-ID Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jielin Sun
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Daniel M Czajkowsky
- Bio-ID Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Bing Gong
- Department of Chemistry, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260, United States.
| | - Zhifeng Shao
- Bio-ID Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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8
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Adhikary RR, Koppaka O, Banerjee R. Development of color changing polydiacetylene-based biomimetic nanovesicle platforms for quick detection of membrane permeability across the blood brain barrier. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:8898-8908. [PMID: 32266882 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr07845b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Membrane permeability through passive diffusion is one of the important pathways for passage of drugs across the blood brain barrier (BBB). The present study describes the development of biomimetic unilamellar lipopolymeric nanovesicles of size 268 ± 37 nm, consisting of polar brain lipids in conjunction with polydiacetylene and validation of their application for an abbreviated yet accurate membrane permeability assay with high-throughput and rapid identification of BBB permeability of drugs. The nanovesicle suspension was tested with drugs of known permeability across the BBB to validate the detection of changes in hue, absorbance and fluorescence in response to permeation across the nanovesicles. A simple device was developed based on the nanovesicle sensors along with a mobile application which allowed for the determination of hue corresponding to qualitative identification of whether a drug is BBB permeable (BBB+) or not (BBB-). With respect to determination of a suitable endpoint in this assay, a hue cut off of 275°, reduction in %blueness by less than 59% and a fluorescence intensity of ≥0.22 a.u. at 560 nm accurately differentiated between drugs which are permeable and impermeable across the BBB within 5 minutes. Further quantification of BBB permeability can be done through the concentration at which the above end-points are achieved. For the quantification of the permeability, absorbance and fluorescence measurements were performed. The device thus developed allows the rapid determination of BBB permeability of various agents in drug discovery especially in smaller set-ups with minimal equipment through changes in color, absorbance and fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Rajat Adhikary
- Nanomedicine Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India.
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9
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Abstract
The combination of supramolecular functional systems with biomolecular chemistry has been a fruitful exercise for decades, leading to a greater understanding of biomolecules and to a great variety of applications, for example, in drug delivery and sensing. Within these developments, the phospholipid bilayer membrane, surrounding live cells, with all its functions has also intrigued supramolecular chemists. Herein, recent efforts from the supramolecular chemistry community to mimic natural functions of lipid membranes, such as sensing, molecular recognition, membrane fusion, signal transduction, and gated transport, are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Barba‐Bon
- Department of Life Sciences and ChemistryJacobs University BremenCampus Ring 128759BremenGermany
| | - Mohamed Nilam
- Department of Life Sciences and ChemistryJacobs University BremenCampus Ring 128759BremenGermany
| | - Andreas Hennig
- Department of Life Sciences and ChemistryJacobs University BremenCampus Ring 128759BremenGermany
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10
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Ming Z, Pang Y, Liu J. Mechanical Deformation Mediated Transmembrane Transport. Macromol Rapid Commun 2019; 41:e1900518. [PMID: 31885137 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201900518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Transmembrane transport is essential and plays critical roles for molecule exchange for cell survival. Methods capable of mimicking and regulating transmembrane transport have transformed the ability to create biosensors, separation membranes, and drug carriers. However, artificial channels have been largely restricted by their complicated chemical fabrication and inefficiency to dynamically manipulate the transport process. Here, a novel approach to regulate transmembrane transport is described by simply adjusting the mechanical deformation of liposomal bilayers which are covalently embedded in a crosslinked hydrogel network. This new approach is able to dynamically control transmembrane transport by stretching and loosening. The transmembrane diffusion of molecules can be switched on and off, and precisely tuned by varying strain. A potential of this method to programmably regulate cell growth is demonstrated by tuning external mechanical force. Given its unique characteristics, this method allows the development of innovative systems for controlled transmembrane transport of molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunzhen Ming
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Institute of Cancer, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yan Pang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Jinyao Liu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Institute of Cancer, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
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11
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Almeida PF. How to Determine Lipid Interactions in Membranes from Experiment Through the Ising Model. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:21-40. [PMID: 30589556 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The determination and the meaning of interactions in lipid bilayers are discussed and interpreted through the Ising model. Originally developed to understand phase transitions in ferromagnetic systems, the Ising model applies equally well to lipid bilayers. In the case of a membrane, the essence of the Ising model is that each lipid is represented by a site on a lattice and that the interaction of each site with its nearest neighbors is represented by an energy parameter ω. To calculate the thermodynamic properties of the system, such as the enthalpy, the Gibbs energy, and the heat capacity, the partition function is derived. The calculation of the configurational entropy factor in the partition function, however, requires approximations or the use of Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. Those approximations are described. Ultimately, MC simulations are used in combination with experiment to determine the interaction parameters ω in lipid bilayers. Several experimental approaches are described, which can be used to obtain interaction parameters. They include nearest-neighbor recognition, differential scanning calorimetry, and Förster resonance energy transfer. Those approaches are most powerful when used in combination of MC simulations of Ising models. Lipid membranes of different compositions are discussed, which have been studied with these approaches. They include mixtures of cholesterol, saturated (ordered) phospholipids, and unsaturated (disordered) phospholipids. The interactions between those lipid species are examined as a function of molecular properties such as the degree of unsaturation and the acyl chain length. The general rule that emerges is that interactions between different lipids are usually unfavorable. The exception is that cholesterol interacts favorably with saturated (ordered) phospholipids. However, the interaction of cholesterol with unsaturated phospholipids becomes extremely unfavorable as the degree of unsaturation increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo F Almeida
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of North Carolina Wilmington , Wilmington , North Carolina 28403 , United States
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12
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Almeida PF, Carter FE, Kilgour KM, Raymonda MH, Tejada E. Heat Capacity of DPPC/Cholesterol Mixtures: Comparison of Single Bilayers with Multibilayers and Simulations. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:9798-9809. [PMID: 30088940 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The excess heat capacity (Δ C p) of mixtures of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and cholesterol (Chol) is examined in detail in large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs), both experimentally, using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and theoretically, using a three-state Ising model. The model postulates that DPPC can access three conformational states: gel, liquid-disordered (Ld), and liquid-ordered (Lo). The Lo state, however, is only available if coupled with interaction with an adjacent Chol. Δ C p was calculated using Monte Carlo simulations on a lattice and compared to experiment. The DSC results in LUVs are compared with literature data on multilamellar vesicles (MLVs). The enthalpy change of the complete phase transition from gel to Ld is identical in LUVs and MLVs, and the melting temperatures ( Tm) are similar. However, the DSC curves in LUVs are significantly broader, and the maxima of Δ C p are accordingly smaller. The parameters in the Ising model were chosen to match the DSC curves in LUVs and the nearest-neighbor recognition (NNR) data. The model reproduces the NNR data very well. It also reproduces the phase transition in DPPC, the freezing point depression induced by Chol, and the broad component of Δ C p in DPPC/Chol LUVs. However, there is a sharp component, between 5 and 15 mol % Chol, that the model does not reproduce. The broad component of Δ C p becomes dominant as Chol concentration increases, indicating that it involves melting of the Lo phase. Because the simulations reproduce this component, the conclusions regarding the nature of the phase transition at high Chol concentrations and the structure of the Lo phase are important: there is no true phase separation in DPPC/Chol LUVs. There are large domains of gel and Lo phase coexisting below Tm of DPPC, but above Tm the three states of DPPC are mixed with Chol, although clusters persist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo F Almeida
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of North Carolina Wilmington , Wilmington , North Carolina 28403 , United States
| | - Faith E Carter
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of North Carolina Wilmington , Wilmington , North Carolina 28403 , United States
| | - Katie M Kilgour
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of North Carolina Wilmington , Wilmington , North Carolina 28403 , United States
| | - Matthew H Raymonda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of North Carolina Wilmington , Wilmington , North Carolina 28403 , United States
| | - Emmanuel Tejada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of North Carolina Wilmington , Wilmington , North Carolina 28403 , United States
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13
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Polley A. Partition of common anesthetic molecules in the liquid disordered phase domain of a composite multicomponent membrane. Phys Rev E 2018; 98:012409. [PMID: 30110859 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.98.012409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite a vast clinical application of anesthetics, the molecular level of understanding of general anesthesia is far from our reach. Using atomistic molecular dynamics simulation, we study the effects of common anesthetics: ethanol, chloroform, and methanol in the fully hydrated symmetric multicomponent lipid bilayer membrane comprised of an unsaturated palmitoyl-oleoyl-phosphatidyl-choline (POPC), a saturated palmitoyl-sphingomyelin, and cholesterol, which exhibits phase coexistence of liquid-ordered (l_{o})-liquid-disordered (l_{d}) phase domains. We find that the mechanical and physical properties such as the thickness and rigidity of the membrane are reduced while the lateral expansion of the membrane is exhibited in the presence of anesthetic molecules. Our simulation shows both lateral and transverse heterogeneity of the anesthetics in the composite multicomponent lipid membrane. Both ethanol and chloroform partition in the POPC-rich l_{d} phase domain, while methanol is distributed in both l_{o}-l_{d} phase domains. Chloroform can penetrate deep into the membrane, while methanol partitions mostly at the water layer closed to the head group and ethanol at the neck of the lipids in the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Polley
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York City, New York 10027, USA
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14
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Borsacchi S, Geppi M, Macchi S, Ninham BW, Fratini E, Ambrosi M, Baglioni P, Lo Nostro P. Phase transitions in hydrophobe/phospholipid mixtures: hints at connections between pheromones and anaesthetic activity. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 18:15375-83. [PMID: 27210443 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp00659k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The phase behavior of a mixture of a typical insect pheromone (olean) and a phospholipid (DOPC)/water dispersion is extensively explored through SAXS, NMR and DSC experiments. The results mimic those obtained with anaesthetics in phospholipid/water systems. They also mimic the behavior and microstructure of ternary mixtures of a membrane mimetic, bilayer-forming double chained surfactants, oils and water. Taken together with recent models for conduction of the nervous impulse, all hint at lipid involvement and the underlying unity in mechanisms of pheromone, anaesthetic and hydrophobic drugs, where a local phase change in the lipid membrane architecture may be at least partly involved in the transmission of the signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Borsacchi
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici (ICCOM) del CNR, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Geppi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Macchi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Barry W Ninham
- Department of Chemistry & CSGI, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy. and Department of Applied Mathematics, Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Emiliano Fratini
- Department of Chemistry & CSGI, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy.
| | - Moira Ambrosi
- Department of Chemistry & CSGI, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy.
| | - Piero Baglioni
- Department of Chemistry & CSGI, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy. and Enzo Ferroni Foundation, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
| | - Pierandrea Lo Nostro
- Department of Chemistry & CSGI, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy. and Enzo Ferroni Foundation, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
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15
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Use of nanoparticle concentration as a tool to understand the structural properties of colloids. Sci Rep 2018; 8:982. [PMID: 29343691 PMCID: PMC5772370 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18573-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Elucidation of the structural properties of colloids is paramount for a successful formulation. However, the intrinsic dynamism of colloidal systems makes their characterization a difficult task and, in particular, there is a lack of physicochemical techniques that can be correlated to their biological performance. Nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) allows measurements of size distribution and nanoparticle concentration in real time. Its analysis over time also enables the early detection of physical instability in the systems not assessed by subtle changes in size distribution. Nanoparticle concentration is a parameter with the potential to bridge the gap between in vitro characterization and biological performance of colloids, and therefore should be monitored in stability studies of formulations. To demonstrate this, we have followed two systems: extruded liposomes exposed to increasing CHCl3 concentrations, and solid lipid nanoparticles prepared with decreasing amounts of poloxamer 188. NTA and dynamic light scattering (DLS) were used to monitor changes in nanoparticle number and size, and to estimate the number of lipid components per particle. The results revealed a strong negative correlation between particle size (determined by DLS) and concentration (assessed by NTA) in diluted samples, which should be adopted to monitor nanocolloidal stability, especially in drug delivery.
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16
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Shirmardi Shaghasemi B, Virk MM, Reimhult E. Optimization of Magneto-thermally Controlled Release Kinetics by Tuning of Magnetoliposome Composition and Structure. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7474. [PMID: 28784989 PMCID: PMC5547053 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06980-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Stealth (PEGylated) liposomes have taken a central role in drug formulation and delivery combining efficient transport with low nonspecific interactions. Controlling rapid release at a certain location and time remains a challenge dependent on environmental factors. We demonstrate a highly efficient and scalable way to produce liposomes of any lipid composition containing homogeneously dispersed monodisperse superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in the membrane interior. We investigate the effect of lipid composition, particle concentration and magnetic field actuation on colloidal stability, magneto-thermally actuated release and passive release rates. We show that the rate and amount of encapsulated hydrophilic compound released by actuation using alternating magnetic fields can be precisely controlled from stealth liposomes with high membrane melting temperature. Extraordinarily low passive release and temperature sensitivity at body temperature makes this a promising encapsulation and external-trigger-on-demand release system. The introduced feature can be used as an add-on to existing stealth liposome drug delivery technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Shirmardi Shaghasemi
- Institute for Biologically Inspired Materials, Department of Nanobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 11, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mudassar Mumtaz Virk
- Institute for Biologically Inspired Materials, Department of Nanobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 11, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Erik Reimhult
- Institute for Biologically Inspired Materials, Department of Nanobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 11, 1190, Vienna, Austria.
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17
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Ninham BW, Larsson K, Lo Nostro P. Two sides of the coin. Part 2. Colloid and surface science meets real biointerfaces. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 159:394-404. [PMID: 28822288 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.07.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Part 1 revisited developments in lipid and surfactant self assembly over the past 40 years [1]. New concepts emerged. Here we explore how these developments can be used to make sense of and bring order to a range of complex biological phenomena. Together with Part 1, this contribution is a fundamental revision of intuition at the boundaries of Colloid Science and Biological interfaces from a perspective of nearly 50 years. We offer new insights on a unified treatment of self assembly of lipids, surfactants and proteins in the light of developments presented in Part 1. These were in the enabling disciplines in molecular forces, hydration, oil and electrolyte specificity; and in the role of non Euclidean geometries-across the whole gammut of physical, colloid and surface chemistry, biophysics and membrane biology and medicine. It is where the early founders of the cell theory of biology and the physiologists expected advances to occur as D'Arcy Thompson predicted us 100 years ago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry W Ninham
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia; Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Kåre Larsson
- Camurus Lipid Research Foundation, Ideon Science Park, 22370 Lund, Sweden
| | - Pierandrea Lo Nostro
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy; Fondazione Prof. Enzo Ferroni-Onlus, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.
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18
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Reigada R. Alteration of interleaflet coupling due to compounds displaying rapid translocation in lipid membranes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32934. [PMID: 27596355 PMCID: PMC5011781 DOI: 10.1038/srep32934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The spatial coincidence of lipid domains at both layers of the cell membrane is expected to play an important role in many cellular functions. Competition between the surface interleaflet tension and a line hydrophobic mismatch penalty are conjectured to determine the transversal behavior of laterally heterogeneous lipid membranes. Here, by a combination of molecular dynamics simulations, a continuum field theory and kinetic equations, I demonstrate that the presence of small, rapidly translocating molecules residing in the lipid bilayer may alter its transversal behavior by favoring the spatial coincidence of similar lipid phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Reigada
- Department de Química Física and Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, c/ Martí i Franqués 1, Pta 4, 08028 Barcelona Spain
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19
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Reigada R, Sagués F. Chloroform alters interleaflet coupling in lipid bilayers: an entropic mechanism. J R Soc Interface 2016; 12:rsif.2015.0197. [PMID: 25833246 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2015.0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction of the two leaflets of the plasmatic cell membrane is conjectured to play an important role in many cell processes. Experimental and computational studies have investigated the mechanisms that modulate the interaction between the two membrane leaflets. Here, by means of coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations, we show that the addition of a small and polar compound such as chloroform alters interleaflet coupling by promoting domain registration. This is interpreted in terms of an entropic gain that would favour frequent chloroform commuting between the two leaflets. The implication of this effect is discussed in relation to the general anaesthetic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Reigada
- Departament de Quimica Fisica and Institut de Quimica Teorica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, c/Martí i Franquès 1, Pta. 4, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Sagués
- Departament de Quimica Fisica and Institut de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, c/Martı́ i Franquès 1, Pta. 4, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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20
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Hein R, Uzundal CB, Hennig A. Simple and rapid quantification of phospholipids for supramolecular membrane transport assays. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:2182-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob02480c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We introduce a simple 1H NMR method for quantification of the phospholipid content of liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Hein
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry
- Jacobs University Bremen
- 28759 Bremen
- Germany
| | - Can B. Uzundal
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry
- Jacobs University Bremen
- 28759 Bremen
- Germany
| | - Andreas Hennig
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry
- Jacobs University Bremen
- 28759 Bremen
- Germany
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21
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Odinokov A, Ostroumov D. Structural Degradation and Swelling of Lipid Bilayer under the Action of Benzene. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:15006-13. [PMID: 26555804 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b09420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Benzene and other nonpolar organic solvents can accumulate in the lipid bilayer of cellular membranes. Their effect on the membrane structure and fluidity determines their toxic properties and antibiotic action of the organic solvents on the bacteria. We performed molecular dynamics simulations of the interaction of benzene with the dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) bilayer. An increase in the membrane surface area and fluidity was clearly detected. Changes in the acyl chain ordering, tilt angle, and overall bilayer thickness were, however, much less marked. The dependence of all computed quantities on the benzene content showed two regimes separated by the solubility limit of benzene in water. When the amount of benzene exceeded this point, a layer of almost pure benzene started to grow between the membrane leaflets. This process corresponds to the nucleation of a new phase and provides a molecular mechanism for the mechanical rupture of the bilayer under the action of nonpolar compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Odinokov
- Photochemistry Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 7a Novatorov ul., Moscow, 119421, Russia
| | - Denis Ostroumov
- Photochemistry Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 7a Novatorov ul., Moscow, 119421, Russia.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology , 9 Institutskiy per., Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141700, Russia
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22
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Kimball C, Luo J, Yin S, Hu H, Dhaka A. The Pore Loop Domain of TRPV1 Is Required for Its Activation by the Volatile Anesthetics Chloroform and Isoflurane. Mol Pharmacol 2015; 88:131-8. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.115.098277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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23
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Moiset G, López CA, Bartelds R, Syga L, Rijpkema E, Cukkemane A, Baldus M, Poolman B, Marrink SJ. Disaccharides Impact the Lateral Organization of Lipid Membranes. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:16167-75. [DOI: 10.1021/ja505476c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Moiset
- Groningen
Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute and Zernike Institute
for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cesar A. López
- Groningen
Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute and Zernike Institute
for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rianne Bartelds
- Groningen
Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute and Zernike Institute
for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lukasz Syga
- Groningen
Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute and Zernike Institute
for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Egon Rijpkema
- Groningen
Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute and Zernike Institute
for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Abhishek Cukkemane
- NMR
Spectroscopy, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan
8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Baldus
- NMR
Spectroscopy, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan
8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bert Poolman
- Groningen
Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute and Zernike Institute
for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Siewert J. Marrink
- Groningen
Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute and Zernike Institute
for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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24
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Reigada R. Atomistic study of lipid membranes containing chloroform: looking for a lipid-mediated mechanism of anesthesia. PLoS One 2013; 8:e52631. [PMID: 23300982 PMCID: PMC3534722 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanism of general anesthesia is still a controversial issue. Direct effect by linking of anesthetics to proteins and indirect action on the lipid membrane properties are the two hypotheses in conflict. Atomistic simulations of different lipid membranes subjected to the effect of small volatile organohalogen compounds are used to explore plausible lipid-mediated mechanisms. Simulations of homogeneous membranes reveal that electrostatic potential and lateral pressure transversal profiles are affected differently by chloroform (anesthetic) and carbon tetrachloride (non-anesthetic). Simulations of structured membranes that combine ordered and disordered regions show that chloroform molecules accumulate preferentially in highly disordered lipid domains, suggesting that the combination of both lateral and transversal partitioning of chloroform in the cell membrane could be responsible of its anesthetic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Reigada
- Departament de Química Física and Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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25
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Rasch MR, Yu Y, Bosoy C, Goodfellow BW, Korgel BA. Chloroform-enhanced incorporation of hydrophobic gold nanocrystals into dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) vesicle membranes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:12971-81. [PMID: 22897240 PMCID: PMC3510979 DOI: 10.1021/la302740j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Vesicles of dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) formed by extrusion (liposomes) with hydrophobic alkanethiol-capped Au nanocrystals were studied. Dodecanethiol-capped 1.8-nm-diameter Au nanocrystals accumulate in the lipid bilayer, but only when dried lipid-nanocrystal films were annealed with chloroform prior to hydration. Without chloroform annealing, the Au nanocrystals phase separate from DOPC and do not load into the liposomes. Au nanocrystals with slightly longer capping ligands of hexadecanethiol or with a larger diameter of 4.1 nm disrupted vesicle formation and created lipid assemblies with many internal lamellar attachments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Brian A. Korgel
- Corresponding author: ; (T) +1-512-471-5633; (F) +1-512-471-7060
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26
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Weinrich M, Nanda H, Worcester DL, Majkrzak CF, Maranville BB, Bezrukov SM. Halothane changes the domain structure of a binary lipid membrane. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:4723-8. [PMID: 22352350 PMCID: PMC3302933 DOI: 10.1021/la204317k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
X-ray and neutron diffraction studies of a binary lipid membrane demonstrate that halothane at physiological concentrations produces a pronounced redistribution of lipids between domains of different lipid types identified by different lamellar d-spacings and isotope composition. In contrast, dichlorohexafluorocyclobutane (F6), a halogenated nonanesthetic, does not produce such significant effects. These findings demonstrate a specific effect of inhalational anesthetics on mixing phase equilibria of a lipid mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Weinrich
- National Center for Medical Rehabilitation Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland, United States.
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27
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Vorobyov I, Bennett WFD, Tieleman DP, Allen TW, Noskov S. The Role of Atomic Polarization in the Thermodynamics of Chloroform Partitioning to Lipid Bilayers. J Chem Theory Comput 2012; 8:618-28. [PMID: 26596610 DOI: 10.1021/ct200417p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In spite of extensive research and use in medical practice, the precise molecular mechanism of volatile anesthetic action remains unknown. The distribution of anesthetics within lipid bilayers and potential targeting to membrane proteins is thought to be central to therapeutic function. Therefore, obtaining a molecular level understanding of volatile anesthetic partitioning into lipid bilayers is of vital importance to modern pharmacology. In this study we investigate the partitioning of the prototypical anesthetic, chloroform, into lipid bilayers and different organic solvents using molecular dynamics simulations with potential models ranging from simplified coarse-grained MARTINI to additive and polarizable CHARMM all-atom force fields. Many volatile anesthetics display significant inducible dipole moments, which correlate with their potency, yet the exact role of molecular polarizability in their stabilization within lipid bilayers remains unknown. We observe that explicit treatment of atomic polarizability makes it possible to accurately reproduce solvation free energies in solvents with different polarities, allowing for quantitative studies in heterogeneous molecular distributions, such as lipid bilayers. We calculate the free energy profiles for chloroform crossing lipid bilayers to reveal a role of polarizability in modulating chloroform partitioning thermodynamics via the chloroform-induced dipole moment and highlight competitive binding to the membrane core and toward the glycerol backbone that may have significant implications for understanding anesthetic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Vorobyov
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - W F Drew Bennett
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary , 2500 University Drive, Calgary, Canada, T2N 2N4
| | - D Peter Tieleman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary , 2500 University Drive, Calgary, Canada, T2N 2N4
| | - Toby W Allen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Sergei Noskov
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary , 2500 University Drive, Calgary, Canada, T2N 2N4
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28
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Holder JW. Physical and physicochemical factors effecting transport of chlorohydrocarbon gases from lung alveolar air to blood as measured by the causation of narcosis. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS & ECOTOXICOLOGY REVIEWS 2012; 30:42-80. [PMID: 22458856 DOI: 10.1080/10590501.2012.653888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This systematic investigation examines gas transport in the lung for two sets of chlorohydrocarbons (CHCs): the chloromethanes (C1) and chloroethanes (C2). The C1 series includes chloromethane, methylene chloride, chloroform, and carbon tetrachloride, and the C2 series includes chloroethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1, 1, 2-trichloroethane, and 1, 1, 2, 2-tetrachloroethane. Most CHC gases cause narcosis. The comprehensive narcosis work of Lehmann and colleagues on CHCs was used as a basis for the narcosis endpoint in the present examination. The sites for narcosis are located in the brain (midline cortex and posterior parietal area), the spine, and at many peripheral nerve sites. Central nervous system (CNS) exposure executes a multisite, neural transmission set of inhibitions that promotes rapid loss of consciousness, sensory feeling, and current and stored memory while providing temporary amnesia. Absorption into the system requires dissolution into many lipid membranes and binding to lipoproteins. Lipophilicity is a CHC property shared with many anesthetics according to the Meyer-Overton Rule. Many structurally different lipid chemicals produce the narcosis response when the lipid concentration exceeds -67 mM. This suggests narcotic or anesthetic dissolution into CNS membranes until the lipid organization is disrupted or perturbed. This perturbation includes loading of Na(+)- and K(+)-channel transmembrane lipoprotein complexes and disrupting their respective channel functional organizations. The channel functions become attenuated or abrogated until the CHC exposure ceases and CHC loading reverses. This investigation demonstrates how the CHC physical and chemical properties influence the absorption of these CHCs via the lung and the alveolar system on route to the blood. Narcosis in test animals was used here as an objective biological endpoint to study the effects of the physical factors Bp, Vp, Kd (oil: gas) partition, Henry's constant (HK), and water solubility (S%) on gas transport. Narcosis is immediate after gas exposure and requires no chemical activation only absorption into the blood and circulation to CNS narcotic sites. The three physical factors Bp, K(d) (oil: air), and S% vary directly with unitary narcosis (UN) whereas Vp and HK vary inversely with UN in linear log-log relationships for the C2 series but not for the C1 series. Physicochemical properties of C1 series gases indicate why they depart from what is usually assumed to be an Ideal Gas. An essential discriminating process in the distal lung is the limiting alveolar film layer (AFL) and the membrane layer of the alveolar acini. The AFL step influences gas uptake by physically limiting the absorption process. Interaction with and dissolution into aqueous solvent of the AFL is required for transport and narcotic activity. Narcotics or anesthetics must engage the aqueous AFL with sufficient strength to allow transport and absorption for downstream CNS binding. CHCs that do not engage well with the AFL are not narcotic. Lipophilicity and amphipathicity are also essential solvency properties driving narcotics' transport through the alveolar layer, delivery to the blood fats and lipoproteins, and into critical CNS lipids, lipoproteins, and receptor sites that actuate narcosis. AFL disruption is thought to be strongly related to a number of serious pulmonary diseases such acute respiratory distress syndrome, infant respiratory distress syndrome, emphysema, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, chronic bronchitis, pneumonia, pulmonary infections, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. The physical factors (Bp, Vp, Kd [oil: gas] partition, Henry's constant, and water solubility [S%]) combine to affect a specific transport through the AFL if lung C > C(0) (threshold concentration for narcosis). The degree of blood CHC absorption depends on dose, lipophilicity, and lung residence time. AFL passage can be manipulated by physical factors of increased pressure (kPa) or increased gas exposure (moles). Molecular lipophilicity facilitates narcosis but lipophilicity alone does not explain narcosis. Vapor pressure is also required for narcosis. Narcotic activity apparently requires stereospecific processing in the AFL and/or down-stream inhibition at stereospecific lipoproteins at CNS inhibitory sites. It is proposed that CHCs likely cannot proceed through the AFL without perturbation or disruption of the integrity of the AFL at the alveoli. CHC physicochemical properties are not expected to allow their transport through the AFL as physiological CO(2) and O(2) naturally do in respiration. This work considers CHC inspiration and systemic absorption into the blood with special emphasis on the CHC potential perturbation effects on the lipid, protein liquid layer supra to the alveolar membrane (AFL). A heuristic gas transport model for the CHCs is presented as guidance for this examination. The gas transport model can be used to study absorption for other gas delivery endpoints of environmental concern such as carcinogens.
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29
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Turkyilmaz S, Almeida PF, Regen SL. Effects of isoflurane, halothane, and chloroform on the interactions and lateral organization of lipids in the liquid-ordered phase. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:14380-14385. [PMID: 21995557 PMCID: PMC3226895 DOI: 10.1021/la2035278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The first quantitative insight has been obtained into the effects that volatile anesthetics have on the interactions and lateral organization of lipids in model membranes that mimic "lipid rafts". Specifically, nearest-neighbor recogntion measurements, in combination with Monte Carlo simulations, have been used to investigate the action of isoflurane, halothane, and chloroform on the compactness and lateral organization of cholesterol-rich bilayers of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) in the liquid-ordered (l(o)) phase. All three anesthetics induce a similar weakening of sterol-phospholipid association, corresponding to ca. 30 cal/mol of lipid at clinically relevant concentrations. Monte Carlo lattice simulations show that the lateral organization of the l(o) phase, under such conditions, remains virtually unchanged. In sharp contrast to their action on the l(o) phase, these anesthetics have been found to have a similar strengthening effect on sterol-phospholipid association in the liquid-disordered (l(d)) phase. The possibility of discrete complexes being formed between DPPC and these anesthetics and the biological relevance of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serhan Turkyilmaz
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - Paulo F. Almeida
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina Wilmington, North Carolina 28403
| | - Steven L. Regen
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
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30
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Reigada R. Influence of Chloroform in Liquid-Ordered and Liquid-Disordered Phases in Lipid Membranes. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:2527-35. [DOI: 10.1021/jp110699h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Reigada
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, and Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Barcelona, Spain
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31
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Turkyilmaz S, Mitomo H, Chen WH, Regen SL. Phospholipid complexation of general anesthetics in fluid bilayers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:5309-5311. [PMID: 20297778 PMCID: PMC2856843 DOI: 10.1021/la100712y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A nearest-neighbor recognition analysis has been performed in cholesterol-rich and cholesterol-poor liposomes derived from 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) in the presence of varying concentrations of chloroform. This analysis has yielded a fundamentally new, molecular-level view of the interaction of general anesthetics with lipid bilayers, which may be relevant to their biological action; that is, DPPC forms 1:1 complexes with CHCl(3) in both membranes in the fluid bilayer state.
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32
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Gallier S, Gragson D, Jiménez-Flores R, Everett D. Using confocal laser scanning microscopy to probe the milk fat globule membrane and associated proteins. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:4250-4257. [PMID: 20218614 PMCID: PMC2853928 DOI: 10.1021/jf9032409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The bovine milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) is an important, biologically relevant membrane due to its functional and health properties. Its composition has been thoroughly studied, but its structure, especially the lateral organization of its components, still remains unclear. We have used confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) to investigate the surface structure of the MFGM in globules with different degrees of processing using two types of fluorescently labeled phospholipid probes and a protein dye. Using this technique, we have observed heterogeneities in the distribution of MFGM lipids and proteins relating to the processing and size of the globules. The effect of pretreating the milk (centrifugation, pasteurization-homogenization and churning) was studied by double-staining the surface of the milk fat globules, followed by observation using CLSM, and by determining the phospholipid profile of raw milk, raw cream, processed milk and buttermilk powder. Our findings agree with other techniques by showing that the composition of the MFGM changes with processing through the loss of phospholipids and the adsorption of caseins and whey proteins onto the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Gallier
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Sullan RMA, Li JK, Zou S. Quantification of the nanomechanical stability of ceramide-enriched domains. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:12874-12877. [PMID: 19835362 DOI: 10.1021/la903442s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The quantification of the mechanical stability of lipid bilayers is important in establishing composition-structure-property relations and sheds light on our understanding of the functions of biological membranes. Here, we designed an experiment to directly probe and quantify the nanomechanical stability and rigidity of the ceramide-enriched platforms that play a distinctive role in a variety of cellular processes. Our force mapping results have demonstrated that the ceramide-enriched domains require both methyl beta-cyclodextrin (MbCD) and chloroform treatments to weaken their highly ordered organization, suggesting a lipid packing that is different from that in typical gel states. Our results also show the expulsion of cholesterol from the sphingolipid/cholesterol-enriched domains as a result of ceramide incorporation. This work provides quantitative information on the nanomechanical stability and rigidity of coexisting phase-segregated lipid bilayers with the presence of ceramide-enriched platforms, indicating that that generation of ceramide in cells drastically alters the structural organization and the mechanical property of biological membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby May A Sullan
- Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
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Lange Y, Ye J, Duban ME, Steck TL. Activation of membrane cholesterol by 63 amphipaths. Biochemistry 2009; 48:8505-15. [PMID: 19655814 DOI: 10.1021/bi900951r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A few membrane-intercalating amphipaths have been observed to stimulate the interaction of cholesterol with cholesterol oxidase, saponin and cyclodextrin, presumably by displacing cholesterol laterally from its phospholipid complexes. We now report that this effect, referred to as cholesterol activation, occurs with dozens of other amphipaths, including alkanols, saturated and cis- and trans-unsaturated fatty acids, fatty acid methyl esters, sphingosine derivatives, terpenes, alkyl ethers, ketones, aromatics and cyclic alkyl derivatives. The apparent potency of the agents tested ranged from 3 microM to 7 mM and generally paralleled their octanol/water partition coefficients, except that relative potency declined for compounds with >10 carbons. Some small amphipaths activated cholesterol at a membrane concentration of approximately 3 mol per 100 mol of bilayer lipids, about equimolar with the cholesterol they displaced. Lysophosphatidylserine countered the effects of all these agents, consistent with its ability to reduce the pool of active membrane cholesterol. Various amphipaths stabilized red cells against the hemolysis elicited by cholesterol depletion, presumably by substituting for the extracted sterol. The number and location of cis and trans fatty acid unsaturations and the absolute stereochemistry of enantiomer pairs had only small effects on amphipath potency. Nevertheless, potency varied approximately 7-fold within a group of diverse agents with similar partition coefficients. We infer that a wide variety of amphipaths can displace membrane cholesterol by competing stoichiometrically but with only limited specificity for weak association with phospholipids. Any number of other drugs and experimental agents might do the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Lange
- Department of Pathology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA.
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