1
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Yang W, Ramadan S, Zu Y, Sun M, Huang X, Yu B. Chemical synthesis and functional evaluation of glycopeptides and glycoproteins containing rare glycosyl amino acid linkages. Nat Prod Rep 2024; 41:1403-1440. [PMID: 38888170 DOI: 10.1039/d4np00017j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Covering: 1987 to 2023Naturally existing glycoproteins through post-translational protein glycosylation are highly heterogeneous, which not only impedes the structure-function studies, but also hinders the development of their potential medical usage. Chemical synthesis represents one of the most powerful tools to provide the structurally well-defined glycoforms. Being the key step of glycoprotein synthesis, glycosylation usually takes place at serine, threonine, and asparagine residues, leading to the predominant formation of the O- and N-glycans, respectively. However, other amino acid residues containing oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and nucleophilic carbon atoms have also been found to be glycosylated. These diverse glycoprotein linkages, occurring from microorganisms to plants and animals, play also pivotal biological roles, such as in cell-cell recognition and communication. The availability of these homogenous rare glycopeptides and glycoproteins can help decipher the glyco-code for developing therapeutic agents. This review highlights the chemical approaches for assembly of the functional glycopeptides and glycoproteins bearing these "rare" carbohydrate-amino acid linkages between saccharide and canonical amino acid residues and their derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhun Yang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China.
| | - Sherif Ramadan
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.
| | - Yan Zu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China.
| | - Mengxia Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.
| | - Xuefei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.
| | - Biao Yu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
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2
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Shou K, Zhang Y, Ji Y, Liu B, Zhou Q, Tan Q, Li F, Wang X, Lu G, Xiao G. Highly stereoselective α-glycosylation with GalN 3 donors enabled collective synthesis of mucin-related tumor associated carbohydrate antigens. Chem Sci 2024; 15:6552-6561. [PMID: 38699257 PMCID: PMC11062124 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01348d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Mucin-related tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) are important and interesting targets for cancer vaccine therapy. However, efficient access to a library of mucin-related TACAs remains a challenging task. One of the key issues is the challenging construction of α-GalNAc linkages. Here, we report highly stereoselective α-glycosylation with GalN3N-phenyl trifluoroacetimidate donors, which features excellent yields, outstanding stereoselectivities, broad substrate scope and mild reaction conditions. This method is successfully applied to highly stereoselective synthesis of GalN3-α-O-Ser, which served as the common intermediate for collective synthesis of a wide range of TACAs including TN antigen, STN antigen, 2,6 STF antigen, 2,3 STF antigen, glycophorin and cores 1-8 mucin-type O-glycans. In particular, the rationale for this highly stereoselective α-glycosylation is provided for the first time using DFT calculations and mechanistic studies, highlighting the crucial roles of reagent combinations (TMSI and Ph3PO) and the H-bonding directing effect of the N3 group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunxiu Shou
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Natural Medicines, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 132 Lanhei Road Kunming 650201 China
| | - Yunqin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Natural Medicines, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 132 Lanhei Road Kunming 650201 China
| | - Yujie Ji
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University Jinan Shandong 250100 China
| | - Bin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Natural Medicines, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 132 Lanhei Road Kunming 650201 China
| | - Qingli Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Natural Medicines, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 132 Lanhei Road Kunming 650201 China
| | - Qiang Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Natural Medicines, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 132 Lanhei Road Kunming 650201 China
| | - Fuying Li
- Department of Chemistry, Kunming University 2 Puxing Road Kunming 650214 China
| | - Xiufang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Kunming University 2 Puxing Road Kunming 650214 China
| | - Gang Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University Jinan Shandong 250100 China
| | - Guozhi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Natural Medicines, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 132 Lanhei Road Kunming 650201 China
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3
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Li Z, Shen W, Cao C, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Xue W. Thiourea-Cu(OTf) 2/NIS-synergistically promoted stereoselective glycoside formation with 2-azidoselenoglycosides or thioglycosides as donors. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:2137-2144. [PMID: 38385160 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00064a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
A novel promoter system for glycosylation is described. A catalytic amount of thiourea and Cu(OTf)2 together with a slight excess of N-iodosuccinimide synergistically promotes glycosylation at room temperature. The combination of reagents applies to some 2-azidoselenoglycoside and thioglycoside donors. A wide range of alcoholic acceptors underwent smooth conversion to O-(2-azido)glycosides with good stereoselectivities. In addition, the value of this method has been highlighted by its convenient operation and outstanding functional group compatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuowa Li
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Wenyan Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Changyu Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Zhaoyan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Yaosheng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Weihua Xue
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
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4
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Abstract
The structural complexity of glycans poses a serious challenge in the chemical synthesis of glycosides, oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates. Glycan complexity, determined by composition, connectivity, and configuration far exceeds what nature achieves with nucleic acids and proteins. Consequently, glycoside synthesis ranks among the most complex tasks in organic synthesis, despite involving only a simple type of bond-forming reaction. Here, we introduce the fundamental principles of glycoside bond formation and summarize recent advances in glycoside bond formation and oligosaccharide synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor J Crawford
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute for Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute for Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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5
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Yang J, Xie D, Ma X. Recent Advances in Chemical Synthesis of Amino Sugars. Molecules 2023; 28:4724. [PMID: 37375279 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Amino sugars are a kind of carbohydrates with one or more hydroxyl groups replaced by an amino group. They play crucial roles in a broad range of biological activities. Over the past few decades, there have been continuing efforts on the stereoselective glycosylation of amino sugars. However, the introduction of glycoside bearing basic nitrogen is challenging using conventional Lewis acid-promoted pathways owing to competitive coordination of the amine to the Lewis acid promoter. Additionally, diastereomeric mixtures of O-glycoside are often produced if aminoglycoside lack a C2 substituent. This review focuses on the updated overview of the way to stereoselective synthesis of 1,2-cis-aminoglycoside. The scope, mechanism, and the applications in the synthesis of complex glycoconjugates for the representative methodologies were also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Demeng Xie
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaofeng Ma
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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6
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Morelli L, Compostella F, Panza L, Imperio D. Unusual promoters and leaving groups in glycosylation reactions: The evolution of carbohydrate synthesis. Carbohydr Res 2022; 519:108625. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2022.108625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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7
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Mukherjee MM, Ghosh R, Hanover JA. Recent Advances in Stereoselective Chemical O-Glycosylation Reactions. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:896187. [PMID: 35775080 PMCID: PMC9237389 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.896187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrates involving glycoconjugates play a pivotal role in many life processes. Better understanding toward glycobiological events including the structure–function relationship of these biomolecules and for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes including tailor-made vaccine development and synthesis of structurally well-defined oligosaccharides (OS) become important. Efficient chemical glycosylation in high yield and stereoselectivity is however challenging and depends on the fine tuning of a protection profile to get matching glycosyl donor–acceptor reactivity along with proper use of other important external factors like catalyst, solvent, temperature, activator, and additive. So far, many glycosylation methods have been reported including several reviews also. In the present review, we will concentrate our discussion on the recent trend on α- and β-selective glycosylation reactions reported during the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mana Mohan Mukherjee
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Rina Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
- *Correspondence: John A. Hanover, ; Rina Ghosh,
| | - John A. Hanover
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: John A. Hanover, ; Rina Ghosh,
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8
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Stereoselective gold(I)-catalyzed approach to the synthesis of complex α-glycosyl phosphosaccharides. Nat Commun 2022; 13:421. [PMID: 35058448 PMCID: PMC8776814 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28025-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractGlycosyl phosphosaccharides represent a large and important family of complex glycans. Due to the distinct nature of these complex molecules, efficient approaches to access glycosyl phosphosaccharides are still in great demand. Here, we disclose a highly efficient and stereoselective approach to the synthesis of biologically important and complex α-glycosyl phosphosaccharides, employing direct gold(I)-catalyzed glycosylation of the weakly nucleophilic phosphoric acid acceptors. In this work, the broad substrate scope is demonstrated with more than 45 examples, including glucose, xylose, glucuronate, galactose, mannose, rhamnose, fucose, 2-N3-2-deoxymannose, 2-N3-2-deoxyglucose, 2-N3-2-deoxygalactose and unnatural carbohydrates. Here, we show the glycosyl phosphotriester prepared herein was successfully applied to the one-pot synthesis of a phosphosaccharide from Leishmania donovani, and an effective preparation of a trisaccharide diphosphate of phosphosaccharide fragments from Hansenula capsulate via iterative elongation strategy is realized.
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9
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Yangxing S, Yanzhi L, Yanlai C, Nengzhong W, Shaohua X, Mingguo L, Hui Y. Research Advances in Functional Group-Directed Stereoselective Glycosylation. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202204050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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10
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Nichugovskiy A, Tron GC, Maslov M. Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Polyamine Derivatives and Their Applications. Molecules 2021; 26:6579. [PMID: 34770986 PMCID: PMC8588431 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biogenic polyamines (PAs) are involved in the growth and development of normal cells, and their intracellular concentration is stable. The concentration of PAs in cancer cells is significantly increased to promote and sustain their rapid proliferation. Over the years, synthetic PAs, which differ in their structure, have demonstrated high antitumor activity and are involved in clinical trials. The chemical synthesis of PAs and their conjugates require the correct choice of synthetic pathways-methods for constructing conjugates and the orthogonal protection of amino groups. The most common methods of synthesis of PA conjugates are acylation of regioselectively protected PAs or their alkylation under the conditions of the Fukuyama reaction. One of the most promising methods of PA synthesis is the use of a multicomponent Ugi reaction, which allows various PAs to be obtained in high yields. In this review, we describe and analyze various approaches that are used in the synthesis of polyamines and their conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artemiy Nichugovskiy
- Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA—Russian Technological University, 86 Vernadsky Ave., 119571 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Gian Cesare Tron
- Dipartimento di Scienza del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Mikhail Maslov
- Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA—Russian Technological University, 86 Vernadsky Ave., 119571 Moscow, Russia;
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11
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Schaugaard RN, Nguyen HM, Schlegel HB. Alkyl Radical-Free Cu(I) Photocatalytic Cross-Coupling: A Theoretical Study of Anomerically Specific Photocatalyzed Glycosylation of Pyranosyl Bromide. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:12801-12812. [PMID: 34432458 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we reported a visible light-activated Cu(I) photocatalyst capable of facilitating C-O bond formation of glycosyl bromides and aliphatic alcohols with a high degree of diastereoselectivity. This catalyst functions equally well in the presence of radical traps, suggesting an entirely inner sphere mechanism atypical for heteroleptic Cu photocatalysis. Further, experimental estimates put the chromophore reducing power at -1.30 V vs Ag/AgCl. This is much more positive than the ∼-2.0 V vs Ag/AgCl onset observed for irreversible reduction of glycosyl bromides in our experiments. Theoretical investigations were undertaken to explain the function of the catalyst. Outer sphere electron transfer from a chromophore to substrate was discounted based on thermodynamics and electron transfer barriers determined by Marcus theory and non-equilibrium solvation calculations. Unactivated and activated chromophores were found to disproportionate to Cu(0) and Cu(II) species. The resulting Cu(0) species undergoes oxidative addition with a glycosyl bromide generating a Cu(II) species. Addition of a nucleophilic alcohol and oxidation of the Cu(II) species to Cu(III) result in rapid reductive elimination forming products and resetting the catalytic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard N Schaugaard
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Hien M Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - H Bernhard Schlegel
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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12
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Chen J, Tang Y, Yu B. A Mild Glycosylation Protocol with Glycosyl 1‐Methylimidazole‐2‐carboxylates as Donors. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianpeng Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University 100 Haike Road Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Yu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
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13
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Shang W, Zhu C, Peng F, Pan Z, Ding Y, Xia C. Nitrogen-Centered Radical-Mediated Cascade Amidoglycosylation of Glycals. Org Lett 2021; 23:1222-1227. [PMID: 33560134 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c04178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A nitrogen-centered radical-mediated strategy for preparing 1,2-trans-2-amino-2-deoxyglycosides in one step was established. The cascade amidoglycosylation was initiated by a benzenesulfonimide radical generated from NFSI under the catalytic reduction of TEMPO. The benzenesulfonimide radical was electrophilically added to the glycals, and then the resulting glycosidic radical was converted to oxocarbenium upon oxidation by TEMPO+, which enabled the following anomeric specific glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Shang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Chunyu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Fengyuan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Zhiqiang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Yuzhen Ding
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Chengfeng Xia
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
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14
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Wang L, Zhang Y, Overkleeft HS, van der Marel GA, Codée JDC. Reagent Controlled Glycosylations for the Assembly of Well-Defined Pel Oligosaccharides. J Org Chem 2020; 85:15872-15884. [PMID: 32375481 PMCID: PMC7754192 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
![]()
A new
additive, methyl(phenyl)formamide (MPF), is introduced for
the glycosylation of 2-azido-2-deoxyglucose building blocks. A linear
α-(1,4)-glucosamine tetrasaccharide was assembled to prove the
utility of MPF. Next, a hexasaccharide fragment of the Pseudomonas
aeruginosa exopolysaccharide Pel was assembled using a [2
+ 2 + 2] strategy modulated by MPF. The used [galactosazide-α-(1,4)-glucosazide]
disaccharide building blocks were synthesized using a 4,6-O-DTBS protected galactosyl azide donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Wang
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yongzhen Zhang
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Herman S Overkleeft
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gijsbert A van der Marel
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen D C Codée
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
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15
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Pal KB, Guo A, Das M, Lee J, Báti G, Yip BRP, Loh TP, Liu XW. Iridium-promoted deoxyglycoside synthesis: stereoselectivity and mechanistic insight. Chem Sci 2020; 12:2209-2216. [PMID: 34163986 PMCID: PMC8179265 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06529c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we devised a method for stereoselective O-glycosylation using an Ir(i)-catalyst which enables both hydroalkoxylation and nucleophilic substitution of glycals with varying substituents at the C3 position. In this transformation, 2-deoxy-α-O-glycosides were acquired when glycals equipped with a notoriously poor leaving group at C3 were used; in contrast 2,3-unsaturated-α-O-glycosides were produced from glycals that bear a good leaving group at C3. Mechanistic studies indicate that both reactions proceed via the directing mechanism, through which the acceptor coordinates to the Ir(i) metal in the α-face-coordinated Ir(i)-glycal π-complex and then attacks the glycal that contains the O-glycosidic bond in a syn-addition manner. This protocol exhibits good functional group tolerance and is exemplified with the preparation of a library of oligosaccharides in moderate to high yields and with excellent stereoselectivities. Ir(i)-catalyzed α-selective O-glycosylation of glycals provided an access to both 2-deoxyglycosides and 2,3-unsaturated glycosides with a broad substrate scope. The underlying rationale of α-selectivity has been illustrated by the DFT study.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Bhaskar Pal
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 China.,Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371
| | - Aoxin Guo
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371
| | - Mrinmoy Das
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371
| | - Jiande Lee
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 .,Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University 1 Cleantech Loop Singapore 637141
| | - Gábor Báti
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371
| | - Benjamin Rui Peng Yip
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371
| | - Teck-Peng Loh
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 China.,Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 .,Yangtze River Delta Research Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University Taicang Jiangsu 215400 China
| | - Xue-Wei Liu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371
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16
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Yu F, Dickson JL, Loka RS, Xu H, Schaugaard RN, Schlegel HB, Luo L, Nguyen HM. Diastereoselective sp 3 C-O Bond Formation via Visible Light-Induced, Copper-Catalyzed Cross-Couplings of Glycosyl Bromides with Aliphatic Alcohols. ACS Catal 2020; 10:5990-6001. [PMID: 34168901 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c01470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Copper-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions have become one of the most powerful methods for generating carbon-heteroatom bonds, an important framework of many organic molecules. However, copper-catalyzed C(sp3)-O cross-coupling of alkyl halides with alkyl alcohols remains elusive because of the sluggish nature of oxidative addition to copper. To address this challenge, we have developed a catalytic copper system, which overcomes the copper oxidative addition barrier with the aid of visible light and effectively facilitates the cross-couplings of glycosyl bromides with aliphatic alcohols to afford C(sp3)-O bonds with high levels of diastereoselectivity. Importantly, this catalytic system leads to a mild and efficient method for stereoselective construction of α-1,2-cis glycosides, which are of paramount importance, but challenging. In general, stereochemical outcomes in α-1,2-cis glycosidic C-O bond-forming processes are unpredictable and dependent on the steric and electronic nature of protecting groups bound to carbohydrate coupling partners. Currently, the most reliable approaches rely on the use of a chiral auxiliary or hydrogen-bond directing group at the C2- and C4-position of carbohydrate electrophiles to control α-1,2-cis selectivity. In our approach, earth-abundant copper not only acts as a photocatalyst and a bond-forming catalyst, but also enforces the stereocontrolled formation of anomeric C-O bonds. This cross-coupling protocol enables highly diastereoselective access to a wide variety of α-1,2-cis-glycosides and biologically relevant α-glycan oligosaccharides. Our work provides a foundation for developing new methods for the stereoselective construction of natural and unnatural anomeric carbon(sp3)-heteroatom bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Jalen L. Dickson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Ravi S. Loka
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Hengfu Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Richard N. Schaugaard
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - H. Bernhard Schlegel
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Long Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Hien M. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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17
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Zhang Y, Zhang H, Zhao Y, Guo Z, Gao J. Efficient Strategy for α-Selective Glycosidation of d-Glucosamine and Its Application to the Synthesis of a Bacterial Capsular Polysaccharide Repeating Unit Containing Multiple α-Linked GlcNAc Residues. Org Lett 2020; 22:1520-1524. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanxin Zhang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Han Zhang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Zhongwu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Jian Gao
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
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18
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Ghosh B, Kulkarni SS. Advances in Protecting Groups for Oligosaccharide Synthesis. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:450-462. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201901621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bhaswati Ghosh
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Suvarn S. Kulkarni
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai 400076 India
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19
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Zhuo MH, Wilbur DJ, Kwan EE, Bennett CS. Matching Glycosyl Donor Reactivity to Sulfonate Leaving Group Ability Permits S N2 Glycosylations. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:16743-16754. [PMID: 31550879 PMCID: PMC6814073 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b07022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Here we demonstrate that highly β-selective glycosylation reactions can be achieved when the electronics of a sulfonyl chloride activator and the reactivity of a glycosyl donor hemiacetal are matched. While these reactions are compatible with the acid- and base-sensitive protecting groups that are commonly used in oligosaccharide synthesis, these protecting groups are not relied upon to control selectivity. Instead, β-selectivity arises from the stereoinversion of an α-glycosyl arylsulfonate in an SN2-like mechanism. Our mechanistic proposal is supported by NMR studies, kinetic isotope effect (KIE) measurements, and DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hua Zhuo
- Department of Chemistry , Tufts University , 62 Talbot Avenue , Medford , Massachusetts 02155 , United States
| | - David J Wilbur
- Department of Chemistry , Tufts University , 62 Talbot Avenue , Medford , Massachusetts 02155 , United States
| | - Eugene E Kwan
- Merck & Co. Inc. , 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Clay S Bennett
- Department of Chemistry , Tufts University , 62 Talbot Avenue , Medford , Massachusetts 02155 , United States
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20
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Zhu S, Samala G, Sletten ET, Stockdill JL, Nguyen HM. Facile triflic acid-catalyzed α-1,2- cis-thio glycosylations: scope and application to the synthesis of S-linked oligosaccharides, glycolipids, sublancin glycopeptides, and T N/T F antigens. Chem Sci 2019; 10:10475-10480. [PMID: 32110337 PMCID: PMC7020787 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04079j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies of S-linked glycoconjugates have attracted growing interest because of their enhanced chemical stability and enzymatic resistance over O-glycoside counterparts.
Studies of S-linked glycoconjugates have attracted growing interest because of their enhanced chemical stability and enzymatic resistance over O-glycoside counterparts. We here report a facile approach to access α-1,2-cis-S-linked glycosides using triflic acid as a catalyst to promote the glycosylation of a series of thiols with d-glucosamine, galactosamine, glucose, and galactose electrophiles. This method is broadly applicable for the stereoselective synthesis of S-linked glycopeptides, oligosaccharides and glycolipids in high yield and excellent α-selectivity. Many of the synthetic limitations associated with the preparation of these S-linked products are overcome by this catalytic method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanyong Zhu
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , USA . ;
| | - Ganesh Samala
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , USA . ;
| | - Eric T Sletten
- Department of Chemistry , University of Iowa , Iowa City , Iowa 52242 , USA
| | - Jennifer L Stockdill
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , USA . ;
| | - Hien M Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , USA . ;
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21
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Sletten ET, Tu YJ, Schlegel HB, Nguyen HM. Are Brønsted Acids the True Promoter of Metal-Triflate-Catalyzed Glycosylations? A Mechanistic Probe into 1,2- cis-Aminoglycoside Formation by Nickel Triflate. ACS Catal 2019; 9:2110-2123. [PMID: 31819822 PMCID: PMC6900934 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b04444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Metal triflates have been utilized to catalytically facilitate numerous glycosylation reactions under mild conditions. In some methods, the metal triflate system provides stereocontrol during the glycosylation, rather than the nature of protecting groups on the substrate. Despite these advances, the true activating nature of metal triflates remains unclear. Our findings indicated that the in situ generation of trace amounts of triflic acid from metal triflates can be the active catalyst species in the glycosylation. This fact has been mentioned previously in metal triflate-catalyzed glycosylation reactions; however, a thorough study on the subject and its implications on stereoselectivity has yet to be performed. Experimental evidence from control reactions and 19F NMR spectroscopy have been obtained to confirm and quantify the triflic acid released from nickel triflate, for which it is of paramount importance in achieving a stereoselective 1,2-cis-2-amino glycosidic bond formation via a transient anomeric triflate. A putative intermediate resembling that of a glycosyl triflate has been detected using variable temperature NMR (1H and 13C) experiments. These observations, together with density functional theory calculations and a kinetic study, corroborate a mechanism involving triflic acid-catalyzed stereoselective glycosylation with N-substituted trifluoromethylbenzylideneamino protected electrophiles. Specifically, triflic acid facilitates formation of a glycosyl triflate intermediate which then undergoes isomerization from the stable α-anomer to the more reactive β-anomer. Subsequent SN2-like displacement of the reactive anomer by a nucleophile is highly favorable for the production of 1,2-cis-2-aminoglycosides. Although there is a previously reported work regarding glycosyl triflates, none of these reports have been confirmed to come from the counter ion of the metal center. Our work provides supporting evidence for the induction of a glycosyl triflate through the role of triflic acid in metal triflate-catalyzed glycosylation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric T Sletten
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United Sates
| | - Yi-Jung Tu
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - H Bernhard Schlegel
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Hien M Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Martin Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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23
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Pal R, Das A, Jayaraman N. Radical halogenation-mediated latent–active glycosylations of allyl glycosides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:588-590. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc07332a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Radical halogenation-mediated glycosylation using allyl glycosides as donors and as acceptors emerges to be an efficient and hither-to unknown glycosylation method, adhering to the concept of the latent–active methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Pal
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore 560012
- India
| | - Anupama Das
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore 560012
- India
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24
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Wang HY, Simmons CJ, Blaszczyk SA, Balzer PG, Luo R, Duan X, Tang W. Isoquinoline-1-Carboxylate as a Traceless Leaving Group for Chelation-Assisted Glycosylation under Mild and Neutral Reaction Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:15698-15702. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201708920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Yuan Wang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division; School of Pharmacy; University of Wisconsin-Madison; 777 Highland Avenue Madison WI 53705 USA
| | - Christopher J. Simmons
- Department of Chemistry; University of Wisconsin-Madison; 1101 University Avenue Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Stephanie A. Blaszczyk
- Department of Chemistry; University of Wisconsin-Madison; 1101 University Avenue Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Paul G. Balzer
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division; School of Pharmacy; University of Wisconsin-Madison; 777 Highland Avenue Madison WI 53705 USA
| | - Renshi Luo
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division; School of Pharmacy; University of Wisconsin-Madison; 777 Highland Avenue Madison WI 53705 USA
| | - Xiyan Duan
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division; School of Pharmacy; University of Wisconsin-Madison; 777 Highland Avenue Madison WI 53705 USA
| | - Weiping Tang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division; School of Pharmacy; University of Wisconsin-Madison; 777 Highland Avenue Madison WI 53705 USA
- Department of Chemistry; University of Wisconsin-Madison; 1101 University Avenue Madison WI 53706 USA
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25
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Wang HY, Simmons CJ, Blaszczyk SA, Balzer PG, Luo R, Duan X, Tang W. Isoquinoline-1-Carboxylate as a Traceless Leaving Group for Chelation-Assisted Glycosylation under Mild and Neutral Reaction Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201708920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Yuan Wang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division; School of Pharmacy; University of Wisconsin-Madison; 777 Highland Avenue Madison WI 53705 USA
| | - Christopher J. Simmons
- Department of Chemistry; University of Wisconsin-Madison; 1101 University Avenue Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Stephanie A. Blaszczyk
- Department of Chemistry; University of Wisconsin-Madison; 1101 University Avenue Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Paul G. Balzer
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division; School of Pharmacy; University of Wisconsin-Madison; 777 Highland Avenue Madison WI 53705 USA
| | - Renshi Luo
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division; School of Pharmacy; University of Wisconsin-Madison; 777 Highland Avenue Madison WI 53705 USA
| | - Xiyan Duan
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division; School of Pharmacy; University of Wisconsin-Madison; 777 Highland Avenue Madison WI 53705 USA
| | - Weiping Tang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division; School of Pharmacy; University of Wisconsin-Madison; 777 Highland Avenue Madison WI 53705 USA
- Department of Chemistry; University of Wisconsin-Madison; 1101 University Avenue Madison WI 53706 USA
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26
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Sletten ET, Loka RS, Yu F, Nguyen HM. Glycosidase Inhibition by Multivalent Presentation of Heparan Sulfate Saccharides on Bottlebrush Polymers. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:3387-3399. [PMID: 28846389 PMCID: PMC6044434 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b01049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We report herein the first-time exploration of the attachment of well-defined saccharide units onto a synthetic polymer backbone for the inhibition of a glycosidase. More specifically, glycopolymers endowed with heparan sulfate (HS) disaccharides were established to inhibit the glycosidase, heparanase, with an IC50 value in the low nanomolar range (1.05 ± 0.02 nm), a thousand-fold amplification over its monovalent counterpart. The monomeric moieties of these glycopolymers were designed in silico to manipulate the well-established glycotope of heparanase into an inhitope. Studies concluded that (1) the glycopolymers are hydrolytic stable toward heparanase, (2) longer polymer length provides greater inhibition, and (3) increased local saccharide density (monoantennary vs diantennary) is negligible due to hindered active site of heparanase. Furthermore, HS oligosaccharide and polysaccharide controls illustrate the enhanced potency of a multivalent scaffold. Overall, the results on these studies of the multivalent presentation of saccharides on bottlebrush polymers serve as the platform for the design of potent glycosidase inhibitors and have potential to be applied to other HS-degrading proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fei Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Hien M. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
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27
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Zeng J, Xu Y, Wang H, Meng L, Wan Q. Recent progress on the synthesis of 2-deoxy glycosides. Sci China Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-016-9010-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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28
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Ní Cheallaigh A, Oscarson S. Synthesis of building blocks for an iterative approach towards oligomers of the Streptococcus pneumoniae type 1 zwitterionic capsular polysaccharide repeating unit. CAN J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2016-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Zwitterionic capsular polysaccharide extracts, ∼8 kDa in mass, from Streptococcus pneumoniae type 1 (Spt1) have shown unique T-cell activating properties. Oligomers of the trisaccharide repeating unit of the Spt1 capsular polysaccharide [→3)-4-NH2-α-d-QuipNAc-(1→4)-α-d-GalpA-(1→3)-α-d-GalpA-(1-]n of defined length are needed to further investigate this response. An approach towards iteratively extendable trisaccharide building blocks of the zwitterionic capsular polysaccharides of Spt1 is described. Key elements include the comparison of pre-glycosylation oxidation and post-glycosylation oxidation approaches using thioglycoside donors to the target trisaccharide, the optimisation of the post-glycosylation oxidation approach, and the conversion of the trisaccharide to building blocks tailored for iterative glycosylation. The construction and evaluation of stereotunable 2-N-3-O-oxazolidinone donors for the common bacterial 2-acetamido-4-amino-2,4,6-trideoxy-α-d-galactopyranoside motif is also described, as is a key intermediate for their efficient synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisling Ní Cheallaigh
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Stefan Oscarson
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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29
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Sletten ET, Ramadugu SK, Nguyen HM. Utilization of bench-stable and readily available nickel(II) triflate for access to 1,2-cis-2-aminoglycosides. Carbohydr Res 2016; 435:195-207. [PMID: 27816838 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The utilization of substoichiometric amounts of commercially available nickel(II) triflate as an activator in the reagent-controlled glycosylation reaction for the stereoselective construction of biologically relevant targets containing 1,2-cis-2-amino glycosidic linkages is reported. This straightforward and accessible methodology is mild, operationally simple and safe through catalytic activation by readily available Ni(OTf)2 in comparison to systems employing our previously in-house prepared Ni(4-F-PhCN)4(OTf)2. We anticipate that the bench-stable and inexpensive Ni(OTf)2, coupled with little to no extra laboratory training to set up the glycosylation reaction and no requirement of specialized equipment, should make this methodology be readily adopted by non-carbohydrate specialists. This report further highlights the efficacy of Ni(OTf)2 to prepare several bioactive motifs, such as blood type A-type V and VI antigens, heparin sulfate disaccharide repeating unit, aminooxy glycosides, and α-GalNAc-Serine conjugate, which cannot be achieved in high yield and α-selectivity utilizing in-house prepared Ni(4-F-PhCN)4(OTf)2 catalyst. The newly-developed protocol eliminates the need for the synthesis of Ni(4-F-PhCN)4(OTf)2 and is scalable and reproducible. Furthermore, computational simulations in combination with 1H NMR studies analyzed the effects of various solvents on the intramolecular hydrogen bonding network of tumor-associated mucin Fmoc-protected GalNAc-threonine amino acid antigen derivative, verifying discrepancies found that were previously unreported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric T Sletten
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, 52242, USA
| | | | - Hien M Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, 52242, USA.
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30
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Li X, Zhu J. Glycosylation via Transition-Metal Catalysis: Challenges and Opportunities. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Li
- Department of Natural Sciences; University of Michigan-Dearborn; 4901 Evergreen Road 48128 Dearborn Michigan USA
| | - Jianglong Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering; The University of Toledo; 2801 West Bancroft Street 43606 Toledo Ohio USA
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31
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Abstract
The development of glycobiology relies on the sources of particular oligosaccharides in their purest forms. As the isolation of the oligosaccharide structures from natural sources is not a reliable option for providing samples with homogeneity, chemical means become pertinent. The growing demand for diverse oligosaccharide structures has prompted the advancement of chemical strategies to stitch sugar molecules with precise stereo- and regioselectivity through the formation of glycosidic bonds. This Review will focus on the key developments towards chemical O-glycosylations in the current century. Synthesis of novel glycosyl donors and acceptors and their unique activation for successful glycosylation are discussed. This Review concludes with a summary of recent developments and comments on future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rituparna Das
- Department of Chemical SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) KolkataMohanpurNadia741246India
| | - Balaram Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Chemical SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) KolkataMohanpurNadia741246India
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32
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D’Angelo KA, Taylor MS. Borinic Acid Catalyzed Stereo- and Regioselective Couplings of Glycosyl Methanesulfonates. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:11058-66. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b06943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyan A. D’Angelo
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Mark S. Taylor
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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33
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Lourenço E, Ventura M. Improvement of the stereoselectivity of the glycosylation reaction with 2-azido-2-deoxy-1-thioglucoside donors. Carbohydr Res 2016; 426:33-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2016.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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34
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Medina S, Henderson AS, Bower JF, Galan MC. Stereoselective synthesis of glycosides using (salen)Co catalysts as promoters. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 51:8939-41. [PMID: 25925803 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc02552d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The use of (salen)Co catalysts as a new class of bench-stable stereoselective glycosylation promoters of trichloroacetimidate glycosyl donors at room temperature is described. The conditions are practical and do not require the use of molecular sieves with products being isolated in good to high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Medina
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK.
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35
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Peng P, Schmidt RR. An Alternative Reaction Course in O-Glycosidation with O-Glycosyl Trichloroacetimidates as Glycosyl Donors and Lewis Acidic Metal Salts as Catalyst: Acid–Base Catalysis with Gold Chloride-Glycosyl Acceptor Adducts. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:12653-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b07895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Peng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Richard R. Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
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36
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Abstract
A synthetic study on the creation of a bivalent, ROMP capable monomer has the ability to be polymerized into the corresponding neo-glycopolymer mimetic of the surface glycans on gp120 envelope spike of the HIV virus. In our approach, we have developed a new strategy for orthogonally attaching both the terminal Manα1-2Man disaccharide unit of the D1 arm of Man9GlcNAc2 of HIV gp120 and the terminal Manα1-2 unit of its D2 arm to a bivalent scaffold to produce the corresponding polymerizable monomer. The Manα1-2 saccharide moieties were assembled using a nickel catalyst, Ni(4-F-PhCN)4(OTf)2, to activate trihaloacetimidate donors under mild and operationally simple procedure.
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37
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Li J, Dai Y, Li W, Laval S, Xu P, Yu B. Effective Synthesis of α-d-GlcN-(1→4)-d-GlcA/l-IdoA Glycosidic Linkage under Gold(I) Catalysis. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201500113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiakun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
- Department of Chemistry; University of Science and Technology of China; 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Yuanwei Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Stéphane Laval
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Peng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
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38
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Christensen HM, Oscarson S, Jensen HH. Common side reactions of the glycosyl donor in chemical glycosylation. Carbohydr Res 2015; 408:51-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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39
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Nigudkar SS, Demchenko AV. Stereocontrolled 1,2- cis glycosylation as the driving force of progress in synthetic carbohydrate chemistry. Chem Sci 2015; 6:2687-2704. [PMID: 26078847 PMCID: PMC4465199 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc00280j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent developments in stereoselective 1,2-cis glycosylation that have emerged during the past decade are surveyed herein. Recent developments in stereoselective 1,2-cis glycosylation that have emerged during the past decade are surveyed herein. For detailed coverage of the previous achievements in the field the reader is referred to our earlier reviews: A. V. Demchenko, Curr. Org. Chem. , 2003, 7 , 35–79 and Synlett , 2003, 1225–1240.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati S. Nigudkar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Missouri – St. Louis , One University Blvd , St. Louis , MO 63121 , USA .
| | - Alexei V. Demchenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Missouri – St. Louis , One University Blvd , St. Louis , MO 63121 , USA .
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Yu F, McConnell MS, Nguyen HM. Scalable synthesis of Fmoc-protected GalNAc-threonine amino acid and T(N) antigen via nickel catalysis. Org Lett 2015; 17:2018-21. [PMID: 25853273 PMCID: PMC4752204 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The highly α-selective and scalable synthesis of the Fmoc-protected GalNAc-threonine amino acid and TN antigen in gram scale (0.5-1 g) is described. The challenging 1,2-cis-2-amino glycosidic bond is addressed through a coupling of threonine residues with C(2)-N-ortho-(trifluoromethyl)benzylidenamino trihaloacetimidate donors mediated by Ni(4-F-PhCN)4(OTf)2. The desired 1,2-cis-2-amino glycoside was obtained in 66% yield (3.77 g) with α-only selectivity and subsequently transformed into the Fmoc-protected GalNAc-threonine and TN antigen. This operationally simple procedure no longer requires utilization of the commonly used C(2)-azido donors and overcomes many of the limitations associated with the synthesis of 1,2-cis linkage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hien M. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
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Cao Z, Qu Y, Zhou J, Liu W, Yao G. Stereoselective Synthesis of Quercetin 3-O-Glycosides of 2-Amino-2-Deoxy-d-Glucose Under Phase Transfer Catalytic Conditions. J Carbohydr Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2014.996290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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42
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Additive-controlled stereoselective glycosylations of 2,3-oxazolidinone protected glucosamine or galactosamine thioglycoside donors with phenols based on preactivation protocol. Carbohydr Res 2015; 403:104-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 07/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Xiang S, Hoang KLM, He J, Tan YJ, Liu XW. Reversing the stereoselectivity of a palladium-catalyzed O-glycosylation through an inner-sphere or outer-sphere pathway. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 54:604-7. [PMID: 25366278 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201408739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and concise method for the construction of various O-glycosidic bonds by a palladium-catalyzed reaction with a 3-O-picoloyl glucal has been developed. The stereochemistry of the anomeric center derives from either an inner-sphere or outer-sphere pathway. Harder nucleophiles, such as aliphatic alcohols and sodium phenoxides give β-products, and α products result from using softer nucleophiles, such as phenol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Xiang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371 (Singapore)
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44
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Xiang S, Hoang KLM, He J, Tan YJ, Liu XW. Reversing the Stereoselectivity of a Palladium-Catalyzed O-Glycosylation through an Inner-Sphere or Outer-Sphere Pathway. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201408739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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45
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Manabe S, Ito Y. Pyranosides with 2,3-trans carbamate groups: exocyclic or endocyclic cleavage reaction? CHEM REC 2014; 14:502-15. [PMID: 24914008 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201402004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Pyranosides with 2,3-trans carbamate groups exhibit high 1,2-cis selectivity in glycosylation reactions. Using glycosyl donors with N-benzyl 2,3-trans carbamate groups, an anti-Helicobacter pylori oligosaccharide was synthesized in an efficient manner. Moreover, pyranosides with 2,3-trans carbamate groups readily undergo anomerization from the β to the α configuration under mild acidic conditions via endocyclic cleavage. Acyclic cations generated during the endocyclic cleavage reaction were captured using reduction and intramolecular Friedel-Crafts reaction. By exploiting this anomerization, multiply aligned 1,2-trans glycosyl bonds can be transformed to 1,2-cis glycosyl bonds in a single operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shino Manabe
- RIKEN, Synthetic Cellular Chemistry Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
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McKay MJ, Park NH, Nguyen HM. Investigations of scope and mechanism of nickel-catalyzed transformations of glycosyl trichloroacetimidates to glycosyl trichloroacetamides and subsequent, atom-economical, one-step conversion to α-urea-glycosides. Chemistry 2014; 20:8691-701. [PMID: 24905328 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The development and mechanistic investigation of a highly stereoselective methodology for preparing α-linked-urea neo-glycoconjugates and pseudo-oligosaccharides is described. This two-step procedure begins with the selective nickel-catalyzed conversion of glycosyl trichloroacetimidates to the corresponding α-trichloroacetamides. The α-selective nature of the conversion is controlled with a cationic nickel(II) catalyst, [Ni(dppe)(OTf)2 ] (dppe=1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane, OTf=triflate). Mechanistic studies have identified the coordination of the nickel catalyst with the equatorial C2 -ether functionality of the α-glycosyl trichloroacetimidate to be paramount for achieving an α-stereoselective transformation. A cross-over experiment has indicated that the reaction does not proceed in an exclusively intramolecular fashion. The second step in this sequence is the direct conversion of α-glycosyl trichloroacetamide products into the corresponding α-urea glycosides by reacting them with a wide variety of amine nucleophiles in presence of cesium carbonate. Only α-urea-product formation is observed, as the reaction proceeds with complete retention of stereochemical integrity at the anomeric CN bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J McKay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242 (USA), Fax: (+1) 319-335-1270
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Xu P, Xu W, Dai Y, Yang Y, Yu B. Efficient synthesis of a library of heparin tri- and tetrasaccharides relevant to the substrate of heparanase. Org Chem Front 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4qo00039k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A robust glycosylation protocol was fixed to construct the GlcN–(1α→4)-GlcA/IdoA linkagesen routeto heparin oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Weichang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuanwei Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032, China
| | - You Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032, China
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Manabe S, Satoh H, Hutter J, Lüthi HP, Laino T, Ito Y. Significant substituent effect on the anomerization of pyranosides: mechanism of anomerization and synthesis of a 1,2-cis glucosamine oligomer from the 1,2-trans anomer. Chemistry 2013; 20:124-32. [PMID: 24307501 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201303474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Aminoglycosides containing a 2,3-trans carbamate group easily undergo anomerization from the 1,2-trans glycoside to the 1,2-cis isomer under mild acidic conditions. The N-substituent of the carbamate has a significant effect on the anomerization reaction; in particular, an N-acetyl group facilitated rapid and complete α-anomerization. The differences in reactivity due to the various N-substituents were supported by the results of DFT calculations; the orientation of the acetyl carbonyl group close to the anomeric position was found to contribute significantly to the directing of the anomerization reaction. By exploiting this reaction, oligoaminoglycosides with multiple 1,2-cis glycosidic bonds were generated from 1,2-trans glycosides in a one-step process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shino Manabe
- RIKEN, Synthetic Cellular Chemistry Laboratory, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 (Japan), Fax: (+81) 48-462-9430.
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