1
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Bühler R, Weininger RJJ, Stephan J, Muhr M, Bock BMT, Gemel C, Fischer RA. Homoleptic hexa- and penta-coordinated gallium(I) amide complexes of ruthenium and molybdenum. Dalton Trans 2024. [PMID: 38687113 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00823e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Reaction of neutral olefin complexes of ruthenium and molybdenum with GaTMP (TMP = 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl) by substitution leads to the formation of respective five- and six-coordinated homoleptic products. [Ru(GaTMP)5] (1) and [Mo(GaTMP)6] (2) were isolated and characterized. Core structure geometries were analyzed using continuous shape measure, and the complexes were subjected to DFT calculations unveiling competing π-interactions between the transition metal center and the amido substituent with the unoccupied pπ orbitals of the gallium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Bühler
- Chair of Inorganic and Metalorganic Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany and Catalysis Research Center, Erst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Richard J J Weininger
- Chair of Inorganic and Metalorganic Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany and Catalysis Research Center, Erst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Johannes Stephan
- Chair of Inorganic and Metalorganic Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany and Catalysis Research Center, Erst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Maximilian Muhr
- Chair of Inorganic and Metalorganic Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany and Catalysis Research Center, Erst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Balasai M-T Bock
- Chair of Inorganic and Metalorganic Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany and Catalysis Research Center, Erst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Christian Gemel
- Chair of Inorganic and Metalorganic Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany and Catalysis Research Center, Erst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Roland A Fischer
- Chair of Inorganic and Metalorganic Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany and Catalysis Research Center, Erst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.
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2
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Hidalgo N, Romero-Pérez C, Maya C, Fernández I, Campos J. Reactivity of [Pt(P t Bu 3) 2] with Zinc(I/II) Compounds: Bimetallic Adducts, Zn-Zn Bond Cleavage, and Cooperative Reactivity. Organometallics 2021; 40:1113-1119. [PMID: 34602699 PMCID: PMC8479860 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Metal-only Lewis pairs (MOLPs) based on zinc electrophiles are particularly interesting due to their relevance to Negishi cross-coupling reactions. Zinc-based ligands in bimetallic complexes also render unique reactivity to the transition metals at which they are bound. Here we explore the use of sterically hindered [Pt(P t Bu3)2] (1) to access Pt/Zn bimetallic complexes. Compounds [(P t Bu3)2Pt → Zn(C6F5)2] (2) and [Pt(ZnCp*)6] (3) (Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) were isolated by reactions with Zn(C6F5)2 and [Zn2Cp*2], respectively. We also disclose the cooperative reactivity of 1/ZnX2 pairs (X = Cl, Br, I, and OTf) toward water and dihydrogen, which can be understood in terms of bimetallic frustration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nereida Hidalgo
- Instituto
de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química
Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química
Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Consejo Superior
de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio
49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carlos Romero-Pérez
- Instituto
de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química
Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química
Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Consejo Superior
de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio
49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Celia Maya
- Instituto
de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química
Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química
Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Consejo Superior
de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio
49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica I and Centro de Innovación
en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias
Químicas, Universidad Complutense
de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Jesús Campos
- Instituto
de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química
Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química
Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Consejo Superior
de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio
49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
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3
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Muraoka T, Yamada T, Motoyoshi K, Ueno K. Synthesis of phosphinogallyliron complexes and their photochemical conversion to a naked gallium-bridged diiron complex. J Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2020.121625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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4
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Bajo S, Alférez MG, Alcaide MM, López‐Serrano J, Campos J. Metal-only Lewis Pairs of Rhodium with s, p and d-Block Metals. Chemistry 2020; 26:16833-16845. [PMID: 32722855 PMCID: PMC7756578 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Metal-only Lewis pairs (MOLPs) in which the two metal fragments are solely connected by a dative M→M bond represent privileged architectures to acquire fundamental understanding of bimetallic bonding. This has important implications in many catalytic processes or supramolecular systems that rely on synergistic effects between two metals. However, a systematic experimental/computational approach on a well-defined class of compounds is lacking. Here we report a family of MOLPs constructed around the RhI precursor [(η5 -C5 Me5 )Rh(PMe3 )2 ] (1) with a series of s, p and d-block metals, mostly from the main group elements, and investigate their bonding by computational means. Among the new MOLPs, we have structurally characterized those formed by dative bonding between 1 and MgMeBr, AlMe3 , GeCl2 , SnCl2 , ZnMe2 and Zn(C6 F5 )2, as well as spectroscopically identified the ones resulting from coordination to MBArF (M=Na, Li; BArF - =[B(C6 H2 -3,5-(CF3 )2 )4 ]- ) and CuCl. Some of these compounds represent unique examples of bimetallic structures, such as the first unambiguous cases of Rh→Mg dative bonding or base-free rhodium bound germylene and stannylene species. Multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, including 103 Rh NMR, is used to probe the formation of Rh→M bonds. A comprehensive theoretical analysis of those provides clear trends. As anticipated, greater bond covalency is found for the more electronegative acids, whereas ionic character dominates for the least electronegative nuclei, though some degree of electron sharing is identified in all cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Bajo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ)Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)University of SevillaAvenida Américo Vespucio 4941092SevillaSpain
| | - Macarena G. Alférez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ)Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)University of SevillaAvenida Américo Vespucio 4941092SevillaSpain
| | - María M. Alcaide
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ)Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)University of SevillaAvenida Américo Vespucio 4941092SevillaSpain
| | - Joaquín López‐Serrano
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ)Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)University of SevillaAvenida Américo Vespucio 4941092SevillaSpain
| | - Jesús Campos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ)Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)University of SevillaAvenida Américo Vespucio 4941092SevillaSpain
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5
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Eulenstein AR, Franzke YJ, Bügel P, Massa W, Weigend F, Dehnen S. Stabilizing a metalloid {Zn 12} unit within a polymetallide environment in [K 2Zn 20Bi 16] 6. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5122. [PMID: 33046705 PMCID: PMC7552394 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18799-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The access to molecules comprising direct Zn–Zn bonds has become very topical in recent years for various reasons. Low-valent organozinc compounds show remarkable reactivities, and larger Zn–Zn-bonded gas-phase species exhibit a very unusual coexistence of insulating and metallic properties. However, as Zn atoms do not show a high tendency to form clusters in condensed phases, synthetic approaches for generating purely inorganic metalloid Znx units under ambient conditions have been lacking so far. Here we show that the reaction of a highly reductive solid with the nominal composition K5Ga2Bi4 with ZnPh2 at room temperature yields the heterometallic cluster anion [K2Zn20Bi16]6–. A 24-atom polymetallide ring embeds a metalloid {Zn12} unit. Density functional theory calculations reveal multicenter bonding, an essentially zero-valent situation in the cluster center, and weak aromaticity. The heterometallic character, the notable electron-delocalization, and the uncommon nano-architecture points at a high potential for nano-heterocatalysis. Low-valent zinc clusters, though exceedingly rare, are appealing synthetic targets because there is evidence that they may show unconventional chemical and physical behavior. Here, the authors obtain a large heterometallic zinc-bismuth cluster anion and discover that it bears a metalloid {Zn12} core with four-center bonding and essentially zero-valent character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin R Eulenstein
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany.,Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 6, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Yannick J Franzke
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstr. 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Bügel
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Werner Massa
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Florian Weigend
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany. .,Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany. .,Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 6, 35032, Marburg, Germany.
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6
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Schütz M, Muhr M, Freitag K, Gemel C, Kahlal S, Saillard JY, Da Silva ACH, Da Silva JLF, Fässler TF, Fischer RA. Contrasting Structure and Bonding of a Copper-Rich and a Zinc-Rich Intermetalloid Cu/Zn Cluster. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:9077-9085. [PMID: 32578989 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of the Cu(I) sources, [Cu5](Mes)5 and [(iDipp)CuOtBu] (Mes = mesityl; iDipp = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-ylidene) with the Zn(I) complex [Zn2](Cp*)2 leads to a mixture of intermetallic Cu/Zn clusters with a distribution of species that is dependent on the stoichiometric ratio of the reactants, the reaction time, as well as the temperature. Systematic and careful investigation of the product mixtures rendered the isolation of two new clusters possible, i.e., the Zn-rich, red cluster 1, [CuZn10](Cp*)7 = [Cu(ZnZnCp*)3(ZnCp*)4], as well as the Cu-rich, dark-green cluster 2 [Cu10Zn2](Mes)6(Cp*)2. Structure and bonding of these two species was rationalized with the help of density functional theory calculations. Whereas 1 can be viewed as an 18-electron Cu center coordinated to four ZnCp* and three ZnZnCp* one-electron ligands (with some interligand bonding interaction), compound 2 is better to be described as a six-electron superatom cluster. This unusual electron count is associated with a prolate distortion from a spherical superatom structure. This unexpected situation is likely to be associated with the ZnCp* capping units that offer the possibility to strongly bind to the top and the bottom of the cluster in addition to the bridging mesityl ligands stabilizing the Cu core of the cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Schütz
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, D-85748 Garching, Germany.,Catalysis Research Centre, Technical University Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Strasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Maximilian Muhr
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, D-85748 Garching, Germany.,Catalysis Research Centre, Technical University Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Strasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Kerstin Freitag
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Christian Gemel
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, D-85748 Garching, Germany.,Catalysis Research Centre, Technical University Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Strasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Samia Kahlal
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | | | - Augusto C H Da Silva
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, PO Box 780, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Juarez L F Da Silva
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, PO Box 780, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Thomas F Fässler
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, D-85748 Garching, Germany.,Catalysis Research Centre, Technical University Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Strasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Roland A Fischer
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, D-85748 Garching, Germany.,Catalysis Research Centre, Technical University Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Strasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
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7
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Heiß P, Hornung J, Zhou X, Jandl C, Pöthig A, Gemel C, Fischer RA. Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study on Hampered Phosphine Dissociation in Heteroleptic Ni/Zn Complexes. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:514-522. [PMID: 31874031 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Heterometallic Ni/Zn complexes can serve as molecular models for the semihydrogenation of acetylene catalyzed by heterogeneous Ni/Zn phases. Pursuing this target, we present the synthesis of the series [Ni(ZnCp*)n(ZnMe)n(PEt3)4-n] (n = 1-3; 1, 2, 3) which is obtained via E/Zn exchange from [Ni(ECp*)n(PEt3)4-n] (n = 1-3, E = Al, Ga; P1, P2, P3). The isolation of the intermediate compound [Ni(GaCp*)(ZnCp*)(ZnMe)(PEt3)2] (2a) supports the assumption of a stepwise Ga/Zn exchange in the formation of 3. The dissociation behavior of PEt3 in 2 and 3 was investigated experimentally using variable temperature (VT) UV-vis spectroscopy indicating suppressed phosphine dissociation in both cases. For comparison, the absorption spectra of the saturated and unsaturated compounds were calculated using time dependent DFT calculations (TDDFT). Energy decomposition analysis with the natural orbital for chemical valence extension (EDA NOCV) calculations shows a bond strengthening of the Ni-P bond by successive substitution of the phosphines with (ZnR)2 units. The influence of different phosphines (PMe3, PEt3, PPh3, P(OEt)3) on Ni-P bond length and on Zn-Zn interactions in [Ni(ZnR)2n(PR')4-n] (R = Cp*, Me; R' = Me, Et, Ph, OEt) was also studied by DFT calculations. A correlation of increasing sterical demand of the phosphine ligand and a shortening of the Zn-Zn distances is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Heiß
- Department of Chemistry , Technical University Munich , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , D-85748 Garching , Germany.,Catalysis Research Centre , Technical University Munich , Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Strasse 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Julius Hornung
- Department of Chemistry , Technical University Munich , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , D-85748 Garching , Germany.,Catalysis Research Centre , Technical University Munich , Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Strasse 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Xiaoyu Zhou
- Department of Chemistry , Technical University Munich , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , D-85748 Garching , Germany.,Catalysis Research Centre , Technical University Munich , Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Strasse 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Christian Jandl
- Department of Chemistry , Technical University Munich , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , D-85748 Garching , Germany.,Catalysis Research Centre , Technical University Munich , Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Strasse 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Alexander Pöthig
- Catalysis Research Centre , Technical University Munich , Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Strasse 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Christian Gemel
- Department of Chemistry , Technical University Munich , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , D-85748 Garching , Germany.,Catalysis Research Centre , Technical University Munich , Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Strasse 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Roland A Fischer
- Department of Chemistry , Technical University Munich , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , D-85748 Garching , Germany.,Catalysis Research Centre , Technical University Munich , Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Strasse 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
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8
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Taullaj F, Lough AJ, Fekl U. An iridium complex with an unsupported Ir-Zn bond: di-iodido-(η 5-penta-methyl-cyclo-penta-dien-yl)bis-(tri-methyl-phosphane)iridiumzinc( Ir- Zn) benzene hemisolvate. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2019; 75:1824-1827. [PMID: 31871738 PMCID: PMC6895938 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989019014622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The title compound, [IrZnI2(C10H15)(C3H9P)2]·0.5C6H6 or [Cp*(PMe3)2Ir]-[ZnI2] (Cp* = cyclo-C5Me5) was obtained and characterized as its benzene solvate [Cp*(PMe3)2Ir]-[ZnI2]·0.5C6H6. The bimetallic complex in this structure contains the Lewis-acidic fragment ZnI2 bonded to the Lewis-basic fragment Cp*(PMe3)2Ir, with an Ir-Zn bond distance of 2.452 (1) Å. The compound was obtained by reacting [Cp*(PMe3)IrI2] with 2-Ad2Zn (2-Ad = 2-adamant-yl), resulting in the reduction of the IrIII complex and formation of the IrI-ZnII adduct. The crystal studied was a twin by non-merohedry with a refined BASF parameter of 0.223 (1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fioralba Taullaj
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd, Mississauga, Ontario, L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Alan J. Lough
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Ulrich Fekl
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd, Mississauga, Ontario, L5L 1C6, Canada
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9
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Hornung J, Muhr M, Gemel C, Fischer RA. All-zinc coordinated nickel-complexes as molecular mimics for NiZn catalyst surfaces, a density functional theory study. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:11743-11748. [PMID: 31298254 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt02005e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A prospective connection between Hume-Rothery inspired TM/E (TM = transition metal; E = Al, Ga, Zn) complexes and clusters with the related solid-state intermetallic TM/E compounds is presented with respect to the industrially relevant catalytic semihydrogenation of acetylene. The theoretical study dealing with [Ni(ER)n(C2Hx)4-n] (x = 2, 4; R = CH3, C5Me5,) calculated on the DFT level of theory shows intriguing structural and electronic properties of the examined complexes. Different Ni-E complexes show preferred binding of C2H2 over C2H4 in bridging positions between Ni and E depending on the [Ni(ER)n] fragment. These findings render molecular TM/E systems, such as Ni/Zn, promising candidates to mimic key intermediates of intermetallic catalysts applied in heterogeneous hydrogenation reactions. We put these findings into the context of existing synthetic results and illustrate different experimental approaches to obtain compounds of the general formula [TMaEb](Cp*)c(UHC)d (UHC = unsaturated hydrocarbon ligands) as potential surface models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Hornung
- Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Maximilian Muhr
- Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Christian Gemel
- Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Roland A Fischer
- Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany.
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10
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Gair JJ, Qiu Y, Khade RL, Chan NH, Filatov AS, Zhang Y, Lewis JC. Synthesis, Characterization, and Theoretical Investigation of a Transition State Analogue for Proton Transfer during C–H Activation by a Rhodium-Pincer Complex. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J. Gair
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Yehao Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Rahul L. Khade
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, United States
| | - Natalie H. Chan
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Alexander S. Filatov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, United States
| | - Jared C. Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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11
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Steinhoff P, Paul M, Schroers JP, Tauchert ME. Highly efficient palladium-catalysed carbon dioxide hydrosilylation employing PMP ligands. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:1017-1022. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt03777a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of zero-valent Pd complexes featuring PMP ligands (M = LiI, CuI, ZnII) is reported. An excellent activity in chemoselective CO2 hydrosilylation producing silyl formate is observed (TOF1/2 = 3000 h−1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Steinhoff
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
- D-52074 Aachen
- Germany
| | - Melanie Paul
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
- D-52074 Aachen
- Germany
| | - Julian P. Schroers
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
- D-52074 Aachen
- Germany
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12
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Banh H, Hornung J, Kratz T, Gemel C, Pöthig A, Gam F, Kahlal S, Saillard JY, Fischer RA. Embryonic brass: pseudo two electron Cu/Zn clusters. Chem Sci 2018; 9:8906-8913. [PMID: 30647885 PMCID: PMC6301272 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc03902j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The isoelectronic M7 clusters [Cu3Zn4](Cp*)5 and {[Cu2Zn5](Cp*)5}+ were isolated as unique species pushing the boundaries of the Wade–Mingos rules.
The isoelectronic M7 clusters [Cu3Zn4](Cp*)5 (1) and {[Cu2Zn5](Cp*)5}+ (2) are described. While 1 can be isolated only as a minor side product from the reaction of Cu(CH3CO2) with equimolar amounts of [Zn2Cp*2] with the trigonal cluster [CuZn2](Cp*)3 as the major product, 2 is available in acceptable yields from the reaction of [CuZn2](Cp*)3 with the Cp*Zn2-transfer-reagent [Cp*Zn2(Et2O)3][BAr4F]. The trigonal bipyramidal Cu/Zn-clusters exhibit exceptional bonding situations: with formally only one skeleton electron pair they can be regarded as highly electron deficient. However, a detailed DFT analysis reveals that the cluster bonding is supported by 3d orbital contributions of the trigonal metal base unit. The data contribute to the development of an advanced tool-box for synthesis of Hume-Rothery intermetallic (e.g. brass) inspired clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung Banh
- Inorganic and Metalorganic Chemistry , Technical University Munich , Lichtenbergstr. 4 , 85748 Garching bei München , Germany . .,Catalysis Research Center & Department of Chemistry , Technical University Munich , Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Str. 1 , 85747 Garching bei München , Germany
| | - Julius Hornung
- Inorganic and Metalorganic Chemistry , Technical University Munich , Lichtenbergstr. 4 , 85748 Garching bei München , Germany . .,Catalysis Research Center & Department of Chemistry , Technical University Munich , Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Str. 1 , 85747 Garching bei München , Germany
| | - Thilo Kratz
- Inorganic and Metalorganic Chemistry , Technical University Munich , Lichtenbergstr. 4 , 85748 Garching bei München , Germany . .,Catalysis Research Center & Department of Chemistry , Technical University Munich , Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Str. 1 , 85747 Garching bei München , Germany
| | - Christian Gemel
- Inorganic and Metalorganic Chemistry , Technical University Munich , Lichtenbergstr. 4 , 85748 Garching bei München , Germany . .,Catalysis Research Center & Department of Chemistry , Technical University Munich , Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Str. 1 , 85747 Garching bei München , Germany
| | - Alexander Pöthig
- Inorganic and Metalorganic Chemistry , Technical University Munich , Lichtenbergstr. 4 , 85748 Garching bei München , Germany . .,Catalysis Research Center & Department of Chemistry , Technical University Munich , Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Str. 1 , 85747 Garching bei München , Germany
| | - Franck Gam
- Univ Rennes , CNRS , ISCR-UMR 6226 , F-35000 Rennes , France .
| | - Samia Kahlal
- Univ Rennes , CNRS , ISCR-UMR 6226 , F-35000 Rennes , France .
| | | | - Roland A Fischer
- Inorganic and Metalorganic Chemistry , Technical University Munich , Lichtenbergstr. 4 , 85748 Garching bei München , Germany . .,Catalysis Research Center & Department of Chemistry , Technical University Munich , Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Str. 1 , 85747 Garching bei München , Germany
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13
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Hornung J, Weßing J, Jerabek P, Gemel C, Pöthig A, Frenking G, Fischer RA. Suppressed Phosphine Dissociation by Polarization Effects on the Donor-Acceptor Bonds in [Ni(PEt 3) 4- n(ECp*) n] (E = Al, Ga). Inorg Chem 2018; 57:12657-12664. [PMID: 30247024 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of heteroleptic complexes [Ni(PEt3)4- n(ECp*) n] (E = Al, Ga, Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl, n = 0-4) was prepared and characterized by experimental as well as computational means. The series of compounds was studied with respect to ligand dissociation processes which are fundamental for reactivity. In contrast to the homoleptic complexes [Ni(PR3) n] phosphine dissociation is remarkably suppressed in the heteroleptic title complexes. Single crystal X-ray structures as well as density functional theory calculations reveal a gradual decrease of the Ni-PEt3 distances with increasing number of coordinated group-13 ligands ECp*. Accordingly, variable-temperature UV-vis studies of [Ni(PEt3)4- n(AlCp*) n] in solution indicate no ligand dissociation equilibrium for n ≥ 2. Energy decomposition analysis with the natural orbital for chemical valence extension shows higher Ni-P interaction energies for [Ni(PEt3)4- n(AlCp*) n] than for [Ni(PEt3)4] which is mainly a result of an increase in columbic attraction forces induced by Ni-PEt3 bond polarization upon ECp* coordination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Hornung
- Department of Chemistry , Technical University Munich , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , D-85748 Garching , Germany.,Catalysis Research Centre , Technical University Munich , Ernst-Otto-Fischer Strasse 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany.,The New Zealand Institute of Advanced Study , Massey University , Private Bag 102904, 0632 Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Jana Weßing
- Department of Chemistry , Technical University Munich , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , D-85748 Garching , Germany.,Catalysis Research Centre , Technical University Munich , Ernst-Otto-Fischer Strasse 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Paul Jerabek
- The New Zealand Institute of Advanced Study , Massey University , Private Bag 102904, 0632 Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Christian Gemel
- Department of Chemistry , Technical University Munich , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , D-85748 Garching , Germany.,Catalysis Research Centre , Technical University Munich , Ernst-Otto-Fischer Strasse 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Alexander Pöthig
- Department of Chemistry , Technical University Munich , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , D-85748 Garching , Germany.,Catalysis Research Centre , Technical University Munich , Ernst-Otto-Fischer Strasse 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Fachbereich Chemie , Philipps-Universität Marburg , D-35032 Marburg , Germany
| | - Roland A Fischer
- Department of Chemistry , Technical University Munich , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , D-85748 Garching , Germany.,Catalysis Research Centre , Technical University Munich , Ernst-Otto-Fischer Strasse 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
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14
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Mayer K, Weßing J, Fässler TF, Fischer RA. Intermetalloid Clusters: Molecules and Solids in a Dialogue. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:14372-14393. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201805897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Mayer
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry with Focus on Novel Materials; Department of Chemistry; Technical University of Munich; Lichtenbergstr. 4 85747 Garching Germany
| | - Jana Weßing
- Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry; Department of Chemistry; Technical University of Munich; Lichtenbergstr. 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Thomas F. Fässler
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry with Focus on Novel Materials; Department of Chemistry; Technical University of Munich; Lichtenbergstr. 4 85747 Garching Germany
| | - Roland A. Fischer
- Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry; Department of Chemistry; Technical University of Munich; Lichtenbergstr. 4 85748 Garching Germany
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15
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Mayer K, Weßing J, Fässler TF, Fischer RA. Intermetalloide Cluster: Moleküle und Festkörper im Dialog. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201805897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Mayer
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie mit Schwerpunkt Neue Materialien; Department Chemie; Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstr. 4 85747 Garching Deutschland
| | - Jana Weßing
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische und Metallorganische Chemie; Department Chemie; Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstr. 4 85748 Garching Deutschland
| | - Thomas F. Fässler
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie mit Schwerpunkt Neue Materialien; Department Chemie; Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstr. 4 85747 Garching Deutschland
| | - Roland A. Fischer
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische und Metallorganische Chemie; Department Chemie; Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstr. 4 85748 Garching Deutschland
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16
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Hornung J, Weßing J, Molon M, Dilchert K, Gemel C, Fischer RA. Chemistry of Hume-Rothery inspired organometallics: Selective functionalization of [M(ZnCp*) 4 (ZnCH 3 ) 4 ] (M = Ni, Pd, Pt) with terminal alkynes to yield [M(ZnCp*) 4 (ZnCCSi i Pr) 4 ]. J Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Steinhoff P, Steinbock R, Friedrich A, Schieweck BG, Cremer C, Truong KN, Tauchert ME. Synthesis and properties of heterobimetallic rhodium complexes featuring LiI, CuI or ZnII as a Lewis acidic metalloligand. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:10439-10442. [PMID: 30004545 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt01267a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Coordination of Lewis acidic metalloligands LiI, CuI and ZnII shows a remarkable impact on the CO stretching band in heterobimetallic rhodium complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Steinhoff
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
- D-52074 Aachen
- Germany
| | - Ralf Steinbock
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
- D-52074 Aachen
- Germany
| | - Anna Friedrich
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
- D-52074 Aachen
- Germany
| | | | - Christopher Cremer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
- D-52074 Aachen
- Germany
| | - Khai-Nghi Truong
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
- D-52074 Aachen
- Germany
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18
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19
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Pell CJ, Shih WC, Gatard S, Ozerov OV. Formation of (PNP)Rh complexes containing covalent rhodium-zinc bonds in studies of potential Rh-catalysed Negishi coupling. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:6456-6459. [PMID: 28560363 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc02707a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
While investigating rhodium-catalyzed Negishi coupling, it was observed that the (PNP)Rh fragment readily inserted into zinc-carbon bonds to form isolable molecules with covalent rhodium-zinc bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Pell
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77842, USA.
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20
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Abdalla JAB, Caise A, Sindlinger CP, Tirfoin R, Thompson AL, Edwards AJ, Aldridge S. Structural snapshots of concerted double E-H bond activation at a transition metal centre. Nat Chem 2017; 9:1256-1262. [PMID: 29168480 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Bond activation at a transition metal centre is a key fundamental step in numerous chemical transformations. The oxidative addition of element-hydrogen bonds, for example, represents a critical step in a range of widely applied catalytic processes. Despite this, experimental studies defining steps along the bond activation pathway are very rare. In this work, we report on fundamental studies defining a new oxidative activation pathway: combined experimental and computational approaches yield structural snapshots of the simultaneous activation of both bonds of a β-diketiminate-stabilized GaH2 unit at a single metal centre. Systematic variation of the supporting phosphine ligands and single crystal X-ray/neutron diffraction are exploited in tandem to allow structural visualization of the activation process, from a η2-H,H σ-complex showing little Ga-H bond activation, through species of intermediate geometry featuring stretched Ga-H and compressed M-H/M-Ga bonds, to a fully activated metal dihydride featuring a neutral (carbene-type) N-heterocyclic GaI ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A B Abdalla
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Alexa Caise
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Christian P Sindlinger
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Rémi Tirfoin
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Amber L Thompson
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Alison J Edwards
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization, New Illawarra Road, Lucas Heights, New South Wales 2234, Australia
| | - Simon Aldridge
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, UK
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21
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Butler MJ, Crimmin MR. Magnesium, zinc, aluminium and gallium hydride complexes of the transition metals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:1348-1365. [PMID: 28070586 PMCID: PMC5777540 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc05702k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The preparation and applications of heterobimetallic complexes continue to occupy researchers in the fields of organometallic, main group, and coordination chemistry. This interest stems from the promise these complexes hold as precursors to materials, reagents in synthesis and as new catalysis. Here we survey and organise the state-of-the-art understanding of the TM-H-M linkage (M = Mg, Zn, Al, Ga). We discuss the structure and bonding in these complexes, their known reactivity, and their largely unrealised potential in catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Butler
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Mark R Crimmin
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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22
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Freitag K, Molon M, Jerabek P, Dilchert K, Rösler C, Seidel RW, Gemel C, Frenking G, Fischer RA. Zn···Zn interactions at nickel and palladium centers. Chem Sci 2016; 7:6413-6421. [PMID: 28451097 PMCID: PMC5355958 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc02106a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The analogy between ZnR fragments and the hydrogen radical represents a fruitful concept in organometallic synthesis. The organozinc(ii) and -zinc(i) sources ZnMe2 (Me = methyl) and [Zn2Cp*2] (Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) provide one-electron fragments ·ZnR (R = Me, Cp*), which can be trapped by transition metal complexes [L a M], yielding [L b (ZnR) n ]. The addition of the dizinc compound [Zn2Cp*2] to coordinatively unsaturated [L a M] by the homolytic cleavage of the Zn-Zn bond can be compared to the classic oxidative addition reaction of H2, forming dihydride complexes [L a M(H)2]. It has also been widely shown that dihydrogen coordinates under preservation of the H-H bond in the case of certain electronic properties of the transition metal fragment. The σ-aromatic triangular clusters [Zn3Cp*3]+ and [Zn2CuCp*3] may be regarded as the first indication of this so far unknown, side-on coordination mode of [Zn2Cp*2]. With this background in mind the question arises if a series of complexes featuring the Zn2M structural motif can be prepared exhibiting a (more or less) intact Zn-Zn interaction, i.e. di-zinc complexes which are analogous to non-classical dihydrogen complexes of the Kubas type. In order to probe this idea, a series of interrelated organozinc nickel and palladium complexes and clusters were synthesized and characterized as model compounds: [Ni(ZnCp*)(ZnMe)(PMe3)3] (1), [Ni(ZnCp*)2(ZnMe)2(PMe3)2] (2), [{Ni(CN t Bu)2(μ2-ZnCp*)(μ2-ZnMe)}2] (3), [Pd(ZnCp*)4(CN t Bu)2] (4) and [Pd3Zn6(PCy3)2(Cp*)4] (5). The dependence of Zn···Zn interactions as a function of the ligand environments and the metal centers was studied. Experimental X-ray crystallographic structural data and DFT calculations support the analogy between dihydrogen and dizinc transition metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Freitag
- Inorganic and Metalorganic Chemistry , Technical University Munich , D-85748 , Garching , Germany . ;
| | - Mariusz Molon
- Inorganic Chemistry II - Organometallics & Materials , Ruhr-University Bochum , D-44780 , Bochum , Germany
| | - Paul Jerabek
- Department of Chemistry , Philipps University Marburg , D-35032 Marburg , Germany .
| | - Katharina Dilchert
- Inorganic and Metalorganic Chemistry , Technical University Munich , D-85748 , Garching , Germany . ;
| | - Christoph Rösler
- Inorganic Chemistry II - Organometallics & Materials , Ruhr-University Bochum , D-44780 , Bochum , Germany
| | - Rüdiger W Seidel
- Inorganic Chemistry II - Organometallics & Materials , Ruhr-University Bochum , D-44780 , Bochum , Germany
| | - Christian Gemel
- Inorganic and Metalorganic Chemistry , Technical University Munich , D-85748 , Garching , Germany . ;
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Department of Chemistry , Philipps University Marburg , D-35032 Marburg , Germany .
| | - Roland A Fischer
- Inorganic and Metalorganic Chemistry , Technical University Munich , D-85748 , Garching , Germany . ;
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23
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Riddlestone IM, Rajabi NA, Lowe JP, Mahon MF, Macgregor SA, Whittlesey MK. Activation of H2 over the Ru−Zn Bond in the Transition Metal−Lewis Acid Heterobimetallic Species [Ru(IPr)2(CO)ZnEt]+. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:11081-4. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b05243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ian M. Riddlestone
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Nasir A. Rajabi
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - John P. Lowe
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Mary F. Mahon
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Stuart A. Macgregor
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
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24
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Hoffmann R, Alvarez S, Mealli C, Falceto A, Cahill TJ, Zeng T, Manca G. From Widely Accepted Concepts in Coordination Chemistry to Inverted Ligand Fields. Chem Rev 2016; 116:8173-92. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roald Hoffmann
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Santiago Alvarez
- Departament
de Química Inorgànica and Institut de Química
Teòrica i Computacional, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí
i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlo Mealli
- Consiglio
Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici (CNR-ICCOM), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Andrés Falceto
- Departament
de Química Inorgànica and Institut de Química
Teòrica i Computacional, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí
i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thomas J. Cahill
- Department
of Biochemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Tao Zeng
- Department
of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S5B6, Canada
| | - Gabriele Manca
- Consiglio
Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici (CNR-ICCOM), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
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25
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Banh H, Dilchert K, Schulz C, Gemel C, Seidel RW, Gautier R, Kahlal S, Saillard JY, Fischer RA. Atom-Precise Organometallic Zinc Clusters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:3285-9. [PMID: 26846901 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201510762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The bottom-up synthesis of organometallic zinc clusters is described. The cation {[Zn10](Cp*)6 Me}(+) (1) is obtained by reacting [Zn2 Cp*2] with [FeCp2][BAr4 (F)] in the presence of ZnMe2. In the presence of suitable ligands, the high reactivity of 1 enables the controlled abstraction of single Zn units, providing access to the lower-nuclearity clusters {[Zn9 ](Cp*)6} (2) and {[Zn8 ](Cp*)5 ((t) BuNC)3}(+) (3). According to DFT calculations, 1 and 2 can be described as closed-shell species that are electron-deficient in terms of the Wade-Mingos rules because the apical ZnCp* units that constitute the cluster cage do not have three, but only one, frontier orbitals available for cluster bonding. Zinc behaves flexibly in building the skeletal metal-metal bonds, sometimes providing one major frontier orbital (like Group 11 metals) and sometimes providing three frontier orbitals (like Group 13 elements).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung Banh
- Anorganische Chemie II - Organometallics and Materials, Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Katharina Dilchert
- Anorganische Chemie II - Organometallics and Materials, Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Christine Schulz
- Anorganische Chemie II - Organometallics and Materials, Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Christian Gemel
- Anorganische Chemie II - Organometallics and Materials, Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Rüdiger W Seidel
- Anorganische Chemie II - Organometallics and Materials, Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Régis Gautier
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-ENSC Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, 35042, Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Samia Kahlal
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-ENSC Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, 35042, Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Yves Saillard
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-ENSC Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, 35042, Rennes Cedex, France.
| | - Roland A Fischer
- Anorganische Chemie II - Organometallics and Materials, Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany.
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26
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Banh H, Dilchert K, Schulz C, Gemel C, Seidel RW, Gautier R, Kahlal S, Saillard JY, Fischer RA. Atompräzise organometallische Zinkcluster. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201510762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hung Banh
- Anorganische Chemie II - Organometallics and Materials, Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie; Ruhr-Universität Bochum; 44780 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Katharina Dilchert
- Anorganische Chemie II - Organometallics and Materials, Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie; Ruhr-Universität Bochum; 44780 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Christine Schulz
- Anorganische Chemie II - Organometallics and Materials, Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie; Ruhr-Universität Bochum; 44780 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Christian Gemel
- Anorganische Chemie II - Organometallics and Materials, Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie; Ruhr-Universität Bochum; 44780 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Rüdiger W. Seidel
- Anorganische Chemie II - Organometallics and Materials, Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie; Ruhr-Universität Bochum; 44780 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Régis Gautier
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-ENSC Rennes; Université de Rennes 1; 35042 Rennes Cedex Frankreich
| | - Samia Kahlal
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-ENSC Rennes; Université de Rennes 1; 35042 Rennes Cedex Frankreich
| | - Jean-Yves Saillard
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-ENSC Rennes; Université de Rennes 1; 35042 Rennes Cedex Frankreich
| | - Roland A. Fischer
- Anorganische Chemie II - Organometallics and Materials, Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie; Ruhr-Universität Bochum; 44780 Bochum Deutschland
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27
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Ekkert O, White AJP, Toms H, Crimmin MR. Addition of aluminium, zinc and magnesium hydrides to rhodium(iii). Chem Sci 2015; 6:5617-5622. [PMID: 28757949 PMCID: PMC5510526 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc01309g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the addition of M-H bonds (M = Al, Zn, Mg) to a Rh(iii) intermediate generated from the reductive elimination of triethylsilane from [Cp*Rh(H)2(SiEt3)2]. A series of new heterobimetallic complexes possessing Rh-M bonds have been isolated and characterised by a number of spectroscopic (1H, 29Si, 13C, 103Rh NMR, infrared, and X-ray diffraction) and computational techniques (NBO and QTAIM analysis). Experimental and computational data are consistent with cleavage of the M-H bond upon addition to rhodium with formation of new Rh-M and Rh-H bonds. Upon photolysis the Al analogue of this series undergoes a further elimination reaction producing triethylsilane and a highly unusual Rh2Al2H4 containing cluster proposed to contain an Al(i) bridging ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Ekkert
- Department , of Chemistry , Imperial College London , South Kensington , London , SW7 2AZ , UK .
| | - Andrew J P White
- Department , of Chemistry , Imperial College London , South Kensington , London , SW7 2AZ , UK .
| | - Harold Toms
- The School of Biological and Chemical Sciences , Queen Mary, University of London , Mile End Road , London E1 4NS , UK
| | - Mark R Crimmin
- Department , of Chemistry , Imperial College London , South Kensington , London , SW7 2AZ , UK .
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28
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Kratish Y, Molev G, Kostenko A, Sheberla D, Tumanskii B, Botoshansky M, Shimada S, Bravo-Zhivotovskii D, Apeloig Y. Activation of Homolytic Si-Zn and Si-Hg Bond Cleavage, Mediated by a Pt(0) Complex, via Novel Pt-Zn and Pt-Hg Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:11817-21. [PMID: 26288342 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201505805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The thermally stable [(tBuMe2 Si)2 M] (M=Zn, Hg) generate R3 Si(.) radicals in the presence of [(dmpe)Pt(PEt3 )2 ] at 60-80 °C. The reaction proceeds via hexacoordinate Pt complexes, (M=Zn (2 a and 2 b), M=Hg (3 a and 3 b)) which were isolated and characterized. Mild warming or photolysis of 2 or 3 lead to homolytic dissociation of the Pt-MSiR3 bond generating silyl radicals and novel unstable pentacoordinate platinum paramagnetic complexes (M=Zn (5), Hg (6)) whose structures were determined by EPR spectroscopy and DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosi Kratish
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000 (Israel)
| | - Gregory Molev
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000 (Israel)
| | - Arseni Kostenko
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000 (Israel)
| | - Dennis Sheberla
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000 (Israel)
| | - Boris Tumanskii
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000 (Israel)
| | - Mark Botoshansky
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000 (Israel)
| | - Shigeru Shimada
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565 (Japan)
| | - Dmitry Bravo-Zhivotovskii
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000 (Israel).
| | - Yitzhak Apeloig
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000 (Israel).
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29
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Kratish Y, Molev G, Kostenko A, Sheberla D, Tumanskii B, Botoshansky M, Shimada S, Bravo-Zhivotovskii D, Apeloig Y. Activation of Homolytic SiZn and SiHg Bond Cleavage, Mediated by a Pt0Complex, via Novel PtZn and PtHg Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201505805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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30
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Fernández I. Combined activation strain model and energy decomposition analysis methods: a new way to understand pericyclic reactions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 16:7662-71. [PMID: 24638229 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp00346b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The recently introduced activation strain model (ASM) has allowed us to gain more insight into the intimacies of different fundamental processes in chemistry. In combination with the energy decomposition analysis (EDA) method, we have nowadays a very useful tool to quantitatively understand the physical factors that govern the activation barriers of reactions within organic and organometallic chemistry. In this Perspective article, we present selected illustrative examples of the application of this method to pericyclic reactions (Diels-Alder and double group transfer reactions) to show that this methodology nicely complements other more traditional, widely used theoretical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040-Madrid, Spain.
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31
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Freitag K, Banh H, Gemel C, Jerabek P, Seidel RW, Frenking G, Fischer RA. Dizinc cation [Zn2](2+) trapped in a homoleptic metalloid coordination environment stabilized by dispersion forces: [Zn2(GaCp*)6][BAr4(F)]2. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:352-8. [PMID: 25517995 DOI: 10.1021/ic502532g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of the cationic mixed metal Ga/Zn cluster [Zn2(GaCp*)6](2+) (1) is presented. The reaction of [Zn2Cp*2] with [Ga2Cp*][BAr4(F)] leads to the formation of the novel complex being the first example of a [Zn2](2+) core exclusively ligated by metalloid group-13 organyl-ligands. Compound 1 exhibits two different coordination modes: In the solid state, two of the six GaCp* ligands occupy bridging positions, whereas VT (1)H NMR indicates the coexistence of a second isomer in solution featuring six terminal GaCp* ligands. Quantum chemical calculations have been carried out to assign the gallium and zinc positions; the bonding situation in 1 is characterized and the importance of dispersion forces is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Freitag
- Inorganic Chemistry II-Organometallics and Materials, Ruhr-University Bochum , D-44780 Bochum, Germany
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32
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Jerabek P, Roesky HW, Bertrand G, Frenking G. Coinage Metals Binding as Main Group Elements: Structure and Bonding of the Carbene Complexes [TM(cAAC)2] and [TM(cAAC)2]+ (TM = Cu, Ag, Au). J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:17123-35. [DOI: 10.1021/ja508887s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Jerabek
- Fachbereich
Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Herbert W. Roesky
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Guy Bertrand
- UCSD-CNRS
Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory (UMI 3555), Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, University of California−San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0343, United States
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Fachbereich
Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
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33
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Molon M, Gemel C, Jerabek P, Trombach L, Frenking G, Fischer RA. Hume-Rothery phase-inspired metal-rich molecules: cluster expansion of [Ni(ZnMe)₆(ZnCp*)₂] by face capping with Ni⁰(η⁶-toluene) and Ni(I)(η⁵-Cp*). Inorg Chem 2014; 53:10403-11. [PMID: 25244516 DOI: 10.1021/ic5014335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The novel all-hydrocarbon ligand-stabilized binuclear clusters of metal-core composition Ni2Zn7E, [(η(5)-Cp*)Ni2(ZnMe)6(ZnCp*)(ECp*)] (1-Zn, E = Zn; 1-Ga, E = Ga) and [(η(6)-toluene)Ni2(ZnCp*)2(ZnMe)6] (2; Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl), were obtained via Ga/Zn and Al/Zn exchange reactions using the starting compounds [Ni2(ECp*)3(η(2)-C2H4)2] (E = Al/Ga) and an excess of ZnMe2 (Me = CH3). Compounds 1-Zn and 1-Ga are very closely related and differ only by one Zn or Ga atom in the group 12/13 metal shell (Zn/Ga) around the two Ni centers. Accordingly, 1-Zn is EPR-active and 1-Ga is EPR-silent. The compounds were derived as a crystalline product mixture. All new compounds were characterized by (1)H and (13)C NMR and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, mass spectrometric analysis using liquid-injection field desorption ionization, and elemental analysis, and their molecular structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. In addition, the electronic structure has been investigated by DFT and QTAIM calculations, which suggest that there is a Ni1-Ni2 binding interaction. Similar to Zn-rich intermetallic phases of the Hume-Rothery type, the transition metals (here Ni) are distributed in a matrix of Zn atoms to yield highly Zn-coordinated environments. The organic residues, ancillary ligands (Me, Cp*, and toluene), can be viewed as the "protecting" shell of the 10-metal-atom core structures. The soft and flexible binding properties of Cp* and transferability of Me substituents between groups 12 and 13 are essential for the success of this precedence-less type of cluster formation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Molon
- Inorganic Chemistry II-Organometallics & Materials, Ruhr-Universität Bochum , D-44780 Bochum, Germany
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34
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Molon M, Gemel C, Fischer RA. Organogallium- and organozinc-rich palladium and platinum clusters. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:3114-20. [PMID: 24292372 DOI: 10.1039/c3dt53003e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Molon
- Anorganische Chemie II, Organometallics and Materials Chemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany.
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35
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Molon M, Dilchert K, Gemel C, Seidel RW, Schaumann J, Fischer RA. Clusters [Ma(GaCp*)b(CNR)c] (M = Ni, Pd, Pt): Synthesis, Structure, and Ga/Zn Exchange Reactions. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:14275-83. [PMID: 24283457 DOI: 10.1021/ic4022189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Molon
- Inorganic Chemistry II-Organometallics & Materials, ‡Department of Analytical Chemistry, and §Inorganic Chemistry III, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Katharina Dilchert
- Inorganic Chemistry II-Organometallics & Materials, ‡Department of Analytical Chemistry, and §Inorganic Chemistry III, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Christian Gemel
- Inorganic Chemistry II-Organometallics & Materials, ‡Department of Analytical Chemistry, and §Inorganic Chemistry III, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Rüdiger W. Seidel
- Inorganic Chemistry II-Organometallics & Materials, ‡Department of Analytical Chemistry, and §Inorganic Chemistry III, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Julian Schaumann
- Inorganic Chemistry II-Organometallics & Materials, ‡Department of Analytical Chemistry, and §Inorganic Chemistry III, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Roland A. Fischer
- Inorganic Chemistry II-Organometallics & Materials, ‡Department of Analytical Chemistry, and §Inorganic Chemistry III, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
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36
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Molon M, Gemel C, Fischer RA. From AlCp*‐ and GaCp*‐Ligated Ruthenium Hydrides to Zinc‐Rich Heterometallic Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201300317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Molon
- Inorganic Chemistry II – Organometallics & Materials, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany, Fax: +49‐234‐32‐14174, http://www.ruhr‐uni‐bochum.de/aci2/index.html
| | - Christian Gemel
- Inorganic Chemistry II – Organometallics & Materials, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany, Fax: +49‐234‐32‐14174, http://www.ruhr‐uni‐bochum.de/aci2/index.html
| | - Roland A. Fischer
- Inorganic Chemistry II – Organometallics & Materials, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany, Fax: +49‐234‐32‐14174, http://www.ruhr‐uni‐bochum.de/aci2/index.html
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37
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Molon M, Gemel C, Seidel RW, Jerabek P, Frenking G, Fischer RA. The Organozinc Rich Compounds [Cp*M(ZnR)5] (M = Fe, Ru; R = Cp*, Me, Cl, Br). Inorg Chem 2013; 52:7152-60. [DOI: 10.1021/ic400741b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Paul Jerabek
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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38
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Landis CR, Weinhold F. 3c/4e σ̂-Type Long-Bonding: A Novel Transitional Motif toward the Metallic Delocalization Limit. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:5154-66. [DOI: 10.1021/ic4000395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. R. Landis
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin,
Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - F. Weinhold
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin,
Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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39
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Sokołowski K, Bury W, Justyniak I, Cieślak AM, Wolska M, Sołtys K, Dzięcielewski I, Lewiński J. Activation of CO2 by tBuZnOH species: efficient routes to novel nanomaterials based on zinc carbonates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:5271-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc41639a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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40
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Bollermann T, Molon M, Gemel C, Freitag K, Seidel RW, von Hopffgarten M, Jerabek P, Frenking G, Fischer RA. Oligonuclear molecular models of intermetallic phases: a case study on [Pd2Zn6Ga2(Cp*)5(CH3)3]. Chemistry 2012; 18:4909-15. [PMID: 22416016 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, characterization, and theoretical investigation by means of quantum-chemical calculations of an oligonuclear metal-rich compound are presented. The reaction of homoleptic dinuclear palladium compound [Pd(2)(μ-GaCp*)(3)(GaCp*)(2)] with ZnMe(2) resulted in the formation of unprecedented ternary Pd/Ga/Zn compound [Pd(2)Zn(6)Ga(2)(Cp*)(5)(CH(3))(3)] (1), which was analyzed by (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy, MS, elemental analysis, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 1 consisted of two C(s)-symmetric molecular isomers, as revealed by NMR spectroscopy, at which distinct site-preferences related to the Ga and Zn positions were observed by quantum-chemical calculations. Structural characterization of compound 1 showed significantly different coordination environments for both palladium centers. Whilst one Pd atom sat in the central of a bi-capped trigonal prism, thereby resulting in a formal 18-valence electron fragment, {Pd(ZnMe)(2)(ZnCp*)(4)(GaMe)}, the other Pd atom occupied one capping unit, thereby resulting in a highly unsaturated 12-valence electron fragment, {Pd(GaCp*)}. The bonding situation, as determined by atoms-in-molecules analysis (AIM), NBO partial charges, and molecular orbital (MO) analysis, pointed out that significant Pd-Pd interactions had a large stake in the stabilization of this unusual molecule. The characterization and quantum-chemical calculations of compound 1 revealed distinct similarities to related M/Zn/Ga Hume-Rothery intermetallic solid-state compounds, such as Ga/Zn-exchange reactions, the site-preferences of the Zn/Ga positions, and direct M-M bonding, which contributes to the overall stability of the metal-rich compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Bollermann
- Inorganic Chemistry II-Organometallics & Materials, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44870 Bochum, Germany
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41
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42
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González-Gallardo S, Bollermann T, Fischer RA, Murugavel R. Cyclopentadiene Based Low-Valent Group 13 Metal Compounds: Ligands in Coordination Chemistry and Link between Metal Rich Molecules and Intermetallic Materials. Chem Rev 2012; 112:3136-70. [DOI: 10.1021/cr2001146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra González-Gallardo
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
(KIT), Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Timo Bollermann
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie II, Organometallics & Materials Chemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Roland A. Fischer
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie II, Organometallics & Materials Chemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Ramaswamy Murugavel
- Department of Chemistry, Indian
Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai−400076, India
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43
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Lips F, Hołyńska M, Clérac R, Linne U, Schellenberg I, Pöttgen R, Weigend F, Dehnen S. Doped Semimetal Clusters: Ternary, Intermetalloid Anions [Ln@Sn7Bi7]4– and [Ln@Sn4Bi9]4– (Ln = La, Ce) with Adjustable Magnetic Properties. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:1181-91. [DOI: 10.1021/ja209226b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Felicitas Lips
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches
Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße, D-35032 Marburg,
Germany
| | - Małgorzata Hołyńska
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches
Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße, D-35032 Marburg,
Germany
| | - Rodolphe Clérac
- CNRS, CRPP, UPR 8641, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, Equipe “Matériaux
Moléculaires Magnétiques”, 115 avenue du Dr.
Albert Schweitzer, F-33600 Pessac, France
- Univ. Bordeaux, CRPP, UPR
8641, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Uwe Linne
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches
Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße, D-35032 Marburg,
Germany
| | - Inga Schellenberg
- Institut für Anorganische
und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, D-48149 Münster,
Germany
| | - Rainer Pöttgen
- Institut für Anorganische
und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, D-48149 Münster,
Germany
| | - Florian Weigend
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institut für Nanotechnologie,
Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches
Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße, D-35032 Marburg,
Germany
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44
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Li T, Schulz S, Roesky PW. Synthesis, reactivity and applications of zinc–zinc bonded complexes. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:3759-71. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs15343b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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45
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Bollermann T, Freitag K, Gemel C, Molon M, Seidel RW, von Hopffgarten M, Jerabek P, Frenking G, Fischer RA. The Rich Chemistry of [Zn2Cp*2]: Trapping Three Different Types of Zinc Ligands in the PdZn7 Complex [Pd(ZnCp*)4(ZnMe)2{Zn(tmeda)}]. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:10486-92. [DOI: 10.1021/ic201701r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Timo Bollermann
- Anorganische Chemie II - Organometallics & Materials, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum,Germany
| | - Kerstin Freitag
- Anorganische Chemie II - Organometallics & Materials, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum,Germany
| | - Christian Gemel
- Anorganische Chemie II - Organometallics & Materials, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum,Germany
| | - Mariusz Molon
- Anorganische Chemie II - Organometallics & Materials, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum,Germany
| | - Rüdiger W. Seidel
- Lehrstuhl für Analytische Chemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Paul Jerabek
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Roland A. Fischer
- Anorganische Chemie II - Organometallics & Materials, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum,Germany
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46
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von Hopffgarten M, Frenking G. Building a Bridge between Coordination Compounds and Clusters: Bonding Analysis of the Icosahedral Molecules [M(ER)12] (M = Cr, Mo, W; E = Zn, Cd, Hg). J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:12758-68. [DOI: 10.1021/jp2038762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Moritz von Hopffgarten
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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47
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Molon M, Gemel C, von Hopffgarten M, Frenking G, Fischer RA. Molecular Hume–Rothery Compounds [M(ZnR)n] and [M(ZnR)a(GaR)b] (a + 2b = n ≥ 8): Relations of Coordination Polyhedra and Electronic Structure. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:12296-302. [PMID: 21749048 DOI: 10.1021/ic200800e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Molon
- Anorganische Chemie II, Organometallics & Materials, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Christian Gemel
- Anorganische Chemie II, Organometallics & Materials, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Moritz von Hopffgarten
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, D-35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, D-35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Roland A. Fischer
- Anorganische Chemie II, Organometallics & Materials, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
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Bollermann T, Freitag K, Gemel C, Seidel RW, Fischer RA. Reactivity of [Zn2Cp*2] toward Transition-Metal Complexes: Synthesis and Characterization of [Cp*M(ZnCp*)3] (M = Ni, Pd, Pt). Organometallics 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/om200430t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timo Bollermann
- Anorganische Chemie II - Organometallics & Materials and ‡Lehrstuhl für Analytische Chemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Kerstin Freitag
- Anorganische Chemie II - Organometallics & Materials and ‡Lehrstuhl für Analytische Chemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Christian Gemel
- Anorganische Chemie II - Organometallics & Materials and ‡Lehrstuhl für Analytische Chemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Rüdiger W. Seidel
- Anorganische Chemie II - Organometallics & Materials and ‡Lehrstuhl für Analytische Chemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Roland A. Fischer
- Anorganische Chemie II - Organometallics & Materials and ‡Lehrstuhl für Analytische Chemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
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Molon M, Bollermann T, Gemel C, Schaumann J, Fischer RA. Mixed phosphine and group-13 metal ligator complexes [(PR3)aM(ECp*)b] (M = Mo, Ni; E = Ga, Al; R = C6H5, cyclo-C6H11, CH3). Dalton Trans 2011; 40:10769-74. [PMID: 21870016 DOI: 10.1039/c1dt10583c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Molon
- Anorganische Chemie II, Organometallics and Materials Chemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
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Bollermann T, Schwedler I, Molon M, Freitag K, Gemel C, Seidel RW, Fischer RA. Zinc-rich compounds of iron and cobalt: Formation of [Fe2Znn] (n = 2–4) and [Co2Zn3] cores. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:12570-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c1dt11386k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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