1
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Wubshet NH, Liu AP. Methods to mechanically perturb and characterize GUV-based minimal cell models. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 21:550-562. [PMID: 36659916 PMCID: PMC9816913 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells shield organelles and the cytosol via an active boundary predominantly made of phospholipids and membrane proteins, yet allowing communication between the intracellular and extracellular environment. Micron-sized liposome compartments commonly known as giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) are used to model the cell membrane and encapsulate biological materials and processes in a cell-like confinement. In the field of bottom-up synthetic biology, many have utilized GUVs as substrates to study various biological processes such as protein-lipid interactions, cytoskeletal assembly, and dynamics of protein synthesis. Like cells, it is ideal that GUVs are also mechanically durable and able to stay intact when the inner and outer environment changes. As a result, studies have demonstrated approaches to tune the mechanical properties of GUVs by modulating membrane composition and lumenal material property. In this context, there have been many different methods developed to test the mechanical properties of GUVs. In this review, we will survey various perturbation techniques employed to mechanically characterize GUVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadab H. Wubshet
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Allen P. Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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2
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Perini DA, Parra-Ortiz E, Varó I, Queralt-Martín M, Malmsten M, Alcaraz A. Surface-Functionalized Polystyrene Nanoparticles Alter the Transmembrane Potential via Ion-Selective Pores Maintaining Global Bilayer Integrity. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:14837-14849. [PMID: 36417698 PMCID: PMC9974068 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Although nanoplastics have well-known toxic effects toward the environment and living organisms, their molecular toxicity mechanisms, including the nature of nanoparticle-cell membrane interactions, are still under investigation. Here, we employ dynamic light scattering, quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring, and electrophysiology to investigate the interaction between polystyrene nanoparticles (PS NPs) and phospholipid membranes. Our results show that PS NPs adsorb onto lipid bilayers creating soft inhomogeneous films that include disordered defects. PS NPs form an integral part of the generated channels so that the surface functionalization and charge of the NP determine the pore conductive properties. The large difference in size between the NP diameter and the lipid bilayer thickness (∼60 vs ∼5 nm) suggests a particular and complex lipid-NP assembly that is able to maintain overall membrane integrity. In view of this, we suggest that NP-induced toxicity in cells could operate in more subtle ways than membrane disintegration, such as inducing lipid reorganization and transmembrane ionic fluxes that disrupt the membrane potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Aurora Perini
- Laboratory
of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Physics, Universitat Jaume I, 12071Castellón, Spain
| | - Elisa Parra-Ortiz
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Inmaculada Varó
- Institute
of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes, 12595Castellón, Spain
| | - María Queralt-Martín
- Laboratory
of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Physics, Universitat Jaume I, 12071Castellón, Spain
| | - Martin Malmsten
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department
of Physical Chemistry 1, University of Lund, SE-22100Lund, Sweden
| | - Antonio Alcaraz
- Laboratory
of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Physics, Universitat Jaume I, 12071Castellón, Spain
- . Tel.: +34 964 72 8044
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3
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Anosov A, Astanina P, Proskuryakov I, Koplak O, Morgunov R. Surface and Structure of Phosphatidylcholine Membranes Reconstructed with CoFe 2O 4 Nanoparticles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:14517-14526. [PMID: 36383134 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Structural changes in phosphatidylcholine lipid membranes caused by the introduction of insoluble CoFe2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) are analyzed. Changes in nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum, infrared spectrum, and ionic conductivity of membranes are observed with the addition of NPs. The presence of NPs in membranes is proved by atomic force and magnetic force microscopy. Structural changes in the membranes in the vicinity of the lipid C-O bonds caused by NPs are observed by Scanning near-field optical microscopy. Analysis of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra allowed us to identify the affected atomic groups in the membrane surface layers. Conductivity measurements of the bilayer membranes were performed in DC as well as in time-resolved modes. Hydrophobic NPs stimulate surface distortion and creation of pores, which depending on NP concentration leads to an increase in the ionic conductivity of membranes. Concentration dependence demonstrating percolation threshold was analyzed in the frame of the fractal theory approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Anosov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia
- Kotelnikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 125009 Moscow, Russia
| | - Polina Astanina
- Federal Research Center of Problem of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan Proskuryakov
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia
| | - Oksana Koplak
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia
- Federal Research Center of Problem of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432 Moscow, Russia
| | - Roman Morgunov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia
- Federal Research Center of Problem of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432 Moscow, Russia
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4
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Akter S, Karal MAS, Hasan S, Ahamed MK, Ahmed M, Ahammed S. Effects of cholesterol on the anionic magnetite nanoparticle-induced deformation and poration of giant lipid vesicles. RSC Adv 2022; 12:28283-28294. [PMID: 36320506 PMCID: PMC9531538 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03199j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We have investigated the effects of cholesterol on the deformation and poration of giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) induced by anionic magnetite nanoparticles (NPs). Negatively charged lipid, neutral lipid, and cholesterol were used to prepare the charged GUVs (surface charge density of membranes - 0.16 C m-2), while only neutral lipid and cholesterol were used to prepare the neutral GUVs. Cholesterol content varied from 0 to 40 mole% for preparing the biologically relevant membranes. The degree of deformation has been characterized by compactness, the value of which remains at 1.0 for spherical GUVs. The value of compactness increases with time for both membranes, but this increase depends on cholesterol content. The average compactness decreases with cholesterol content, and at 60 min, the values are 1.280 ± 0.002 and 1.131 ± 0.010 for 0 and 40 mole% cholesterol containing charged GUVs. The average compactness is relatively lower for neutral GUVs for the corresponding cholesterol. Membrane poration has been investigated by the leakage of calcein, which indicates a two-state transition model. The fraction of deformation is higher for charged GUVs than for neutral ones, while the fraction of poration shows the opposite result. Both the fractions decrease with cholesterol content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Akter
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology Dhaka 1000 Bangladesh +880-2-58613046 +880-2-9665613
| | - Mohammad Abu Sayem Karal
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology Dhaka 1000 Bangladesh +880-2-58613046 +880-2-9665613
| | - Sharif Hasan
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology Dhaka 1000 Bangladesh +880-2-58613046 +880-2-9665613
| | - Md Kabir Ahamed
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology Dhaka 1000 Bangladesh +880-2-58613046 +880-2-9665613
- Radiation, Transport and Waste Safety Division, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Regulatory Authority Agargaon Dhaka 1207 Bangladesh
| | - Marzuk Ahmed
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology Dhaka 1000 Bangladesh +880-2-58613046 +880-2-9665613
| | - Shareef Ahammed
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology Dhaka 1000 Bangladesh +880-2-58613046 +880-2-9665613
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5
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Heterogeneity and deformation behavior of lipid vesicles. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2022.101646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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6
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Hasan S, Karal MAS, Akter S, Ahmed M, Ahamed MK, Ahammed S. Influence of sugar concentration on the vesicle compactness, deformation and membrane poration induced by anionic nanoparticles. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275478. [PMID: 36174090 PMCID: PMC9521927 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugar plays a vital role in the structural and functional characteristics of cells. Hence, the interaction of NPs with cell membranes in the presence of sugar concentrations is important for medicinal and pharmacological innovations. This study integrated three tools: giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs), anionic magnetite nanoparticles (NPs), and sugar concentrations, to understand a simplified mechanism for interactions between the vesicle membranes and NPs under various sugar concentrations. We focused on changing the sugar concentration in aqueous solution; more precisely, sucrose inside the GUVs and glucose outside with equal osmolarity. 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1′-rac-glycerol) (sodium salt) (DOPG) and 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) were used to prepare the charged membranes of 40mole%DOPG/60mole%DOPC-GUVs, whereas only DOPC was used to prepare the neutral membranes. Phase contrast fluorescence microscopy shows that the adherence of 18 nm magnetite NPs with anionic charge depends on the sugar concentration. The alterations of GUVs induced by the NPs are characterized in terms of i) vesicle compactness, ii) deformation, and iii) membrane poration. The presence of sugar provides additional structural stability to the GUVs and reduces the effects of the NPs with respect to these parameters; more precisely, the higher the sugar concentration, the smaller the alteration induced by the NPs. The differences in NPs effects are explained by the change in the type of interaction between sugar molecules and lipid membranes, namely enthalpy and entropy-driven interaction, respectively. In addition, such alterations are influenced by the surface charge density of the lipid bilayer. The surface pressure of membranes due to the adsorption of NPs is responsible for inducing the poration in membranes. The differences in deformation and poration in charged and neutral GUVs under various sugar concentrations are discussed based on the structure of the head of lipid molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharif Hasan
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Abu Sayem Karal
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- * E-mail:
| | - Salma Akter
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Marzuk Ahmed
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Kabir Ahamed
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Radiation, Transport and Waste Safety Division, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Regulatory Authority, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shareef Ahammed
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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7
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Chelladurai R, Debnath K, Jana NR, Basu JK. Spontaneous formation and growth kinetics of lipid nanotubules induced by passive nanoparticles. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:7082-7090. [PMID: 36043324 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00900e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lipid nanotubules (LNTs) are conduits that form on the membranes of cells and organelles, and they are ubiquitous in all forms of life from archaea and bacteria to plants and mammals. The formation, shape and dynamics of these LNTs are critical for cellular functions, supporting the transport of myriad cellular cargoes as well as communication within and between cells, and they are also widely believed to be responsible for exploitation of host cells by pathogens for the spread of infection and diseases. In vitro kinetic control of LNT formation can considerably enhance the scope of utilization of these structures for disease control and therapy. Here we report a new paradigm for spontaneous lipid nanotubulation, capturing the dynamical regimes of growth, stabilization and retraction of the tubes through the binding of synthetic nanoparticles on supported lipid bilayers (SLBs). The tubulation is determined by the spontaneous binding-unbinding of nanoparticles on the LNTs. The presented methodology could be used to rectify malfunctioning cellular tubules or to prevent the pathogenic spread of diseases through inhibition of cell-to-cell nanotubule formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Koushik Debnath
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, India
| | - Nikhil R Jana
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, India
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8
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Nandi S, Mukhopadhyay A, Nandi PK, Bera N, Hazra R, Chatterjee J, Sarkar N. Amyloids Formed by Nonaromatic Amino Acid Methionine and Its Cross with Phenylalanine Significantly Affects Phospholipid Vesicle Membrane: An Insight into Hypermethioninemia Disorder. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:8252-8265. [PMID: 35758025 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The incorrect metabolic breakdown of the nonaromatic amino acid methionine (Met) leads to the disorder called hypermethioninemia via an unknown mechanism. To understand the molecular level pathogenesis of this disorder, we prepared a DMPC lipid membrane, the mimicking setup of the cell membrane, and explored the effect of the millimolar level of Met on it. We found that Met forms toxic fibrillar aggregates that disrupt the rigidity of the membrane bilayer, and increases the dynamic response of water molecules surrounding the membrane as well as the heterogeneity of the membrane. Such aggregates strongly deform red blood cells. This opens the requirement to consider therapeutic antagonists either to resist or to inhibit the toxic amyloid aggregates against hypermethioninemia. Moreover, such disrupting effect on membrane bilayer and cytotoxicity along with deformation effect on RBC by the cross amyloids of Met and Phenylalanine (Phe) was found to be most virulent. This exclusive observation of the enhanced virulent effect of the cross amyloids is expected to be an informative asset to explain the coexistence of two amyloid disorders.
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9
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Ghosh M, Nandi S, Layek S, Nandi PK, Bera N, Sarkar N. Formation of lipid tubules induced by a sugar-like molecule myo-inositol. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 58:459-462. [PMID: 34908037 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05620d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The sugar-like molecule myo-inositol (InOH) bears an uncanny structural resemblance to the pyranose form of the sugar D-glucose (DG). InOH and its derivatives play a pivotal role in cell biology; whereby its interaction with the model membrane needs to be studied. Here, we have demonstrated that lipid tubules are formed as a result of the above-said interactions and that these interactions can be prevented by using hydroxyl protected InOH derivatives. We have tried to elucidate the nature of the InOH-membrane interactions by comparing them with DG-membrane interactions and have proposed a mechanism for the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghna Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India.
| | - Sourav Nandi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India.
| | - Souvik Layek
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India.
| | - Pratyush Kiran Nandi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India.
| | - Nanigopal Bera
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India.
| | - Nilmoni Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India.
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10
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Zhu J, Gong Z, Yang C, Yan Q. Reshaping Membrane Polymorphism of Polymer Vesicles through Dynamic Gas Exchange. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:20183-20191. [PMID: 34813319 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The quest for a universal method to shape the vesicular morphology in dynamic and diversified manners is a challenging topic of cell mimicry. Here we present a simple gas exchange strategy that can direct the deformation movements of polymer vesicles. Such vesicles are assembled by a class of gas-based dynamic polymers, where CO2 connects between the frustrated Lewis pair via dynamic gas-bridged bonds. Use of other competitive gases (N2O, SO2, or C2H4) to in situ exchange the CO2 linkages can change the polymer structure and drive the membrane to proceed with three fundamental movements, including membrane stretching, membrane incurvation, and membrane protrusion, thus remolding the shapes of polymersomes. The choices of gas types, concentrations, and combinations are crucial to adjusting the vesicle evolution, local change of membrane curvature, and anisotropic geometrical transformation. This will become a generalized strategy to control the vesicular polymorphism and deformable behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiannan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zehao Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Cuiqin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qiang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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11
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Zhang X, Kang R, Liu Y, Yan Z, Xu Y, Yue T. From reversible to irreversible: When the membrane nanotube pearling is coupled with phase separation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 209:112160. [PMID: 34736219 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Membrane nanotubes, which are ubiquitous in biology and act as channels maintaining transport between different cells and organelles, readily undergo pearling in response to external stimuli. Membrane nanotube pearling involves generation of heterogeneous curvature coupled with redistribution of membrane components that may interfere with the shape recovery of pearled nanotubes. However, the mechanism underlying such delicate process remains unclear and difficult to study at the molecular scale in vivo. By means of molecular dynamics simulation, here we investigate pearling of multi-component membrane nanotubes and reversibility through manipulating system temperature and osmotic pressure. With the equilibrium shape of membrane nanotubes controlled by the osmotic pressure, our results demonstrate that the process of membrane nanotube pearling can be reversible or irreversible, depending on the phase segregation state. For the pearled nanotube releasing high surface energy, different lipid components redistribute along the tube axial direction. Lipids with unsaturated tails prefer gathering at the high-curvature shrinking region, whereas the swelling region is constituted by saturated lipids forming the liquid-ordered phase of a higher bending rigidity. Such curvature sensitive phase segregation minimizes the system free energy by reducing both the membrane bending energy and line tension at the phase boundary. As such, the pearled nanotube fails to recover its shape upon retracting stimuli, suggesting irreversibility of the membrane nanotube pearling coupled with phase separation. Given importance of membrane nanotube pearling in various cellular activities, these results provide a new mechanism of controlling equilibrium shapes of membrane nanotubes in complex cellular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Runshan Kang
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Yingjie Liu
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Zengshuai Yan
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yan Xu
- College of Electronic Engineering and Automation, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Tongtao Yue
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
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12
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Talló K, Pons R, González C, López O. Monitoring the formation of a colloidal lipid gel at the nanoscale: vesicle aggregation driven by a temperature-induced mechanism. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:7472-7481. [PMID: 34551044 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01020d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal gels made of lipid vesicles at highly diluted conditions have been recently described. The structure and composition of this type of material could be especially relevant for studies that combine model lipid membranes with proteins, peptides, or enzymes to replicate biological conditions. Details about the nanoscale events that occur during the formation of such gels would motivate their future application. Thus, in this work we investigate the gelation mechanism, which consists of a lipid dispersion of vesicles going through a process that involves freezing and heating. The appropriate combination of techniques (transmission electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and synchrotron small angle X-ray scattering) allowed in-depth analysis of the different events that give rise to the formation of the gel. Results showed how freezing damaged the lipid dispersion, causing a polydisperse suspension of membrane fragments and vesicles upon melting. Heating above the lipids' main phase transition temperature promoted the formation of elongated tubular structures. After cooling, these lipid tubes broke down into vesicles that formed branched aggregates across the aqueous phase, obtaining a material with gel characteristics. These mechanistic insights may also allow finding new ways to interact with lipid vesicles to form structured materials. Future works might complement the presented results with molecular dynamics or nuclear magnetic resonance experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirian Talló
- Department of Surfactants and Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ramon Pons
- Department of Surfactants and Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - César González
- Department of Surfactants and Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Olga López
- Department of Surfactants and Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
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13
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Karal MAS, Nasrin T, Ahmed M, Ahamed MK, Ahammed S, Akter S, Hasan S, Mahbub ZB. A new purification technique to obtain specific size distribution of giant lipid vesicles using dual filtration. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254930. [PMID: 34324548 PMCID: PMC8321220 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A new purification technique is developed for obtaining distribution of giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) within a specific range of sizes using dual filtration. The GUVs were prepared using well known natural swelling method. For filtration, different combinations of polycarbonate membranes were implemented in filter holders. In our experiment, the combinations of membranes were selected with corresponding pore sizes-(i) 12 and 10 μm, (ii) 12 and 8 μm, and (iii) 10 and 8 μm. By these filtration arrangements, obtained GUVs size distribution were in the ranges of 6-26 μm, 5-38 μm and 5-30 μm, respectively. In comparison, the size distribution range was much higher for single filtration technique, for example, 6-59 μm GUVs found for a membrane with 12 μm pores. Using this technique, the water-soluble fluorescent probe, calcein, can be removed from the suspension of GUVs successfully. The size distributions were analyzed with lognormal distribution. The skewness became smaller (narrow size distribution) when a dual filtration was used instead of single filtration. The mode of the size distribution obtained in dual filtration was also smaller to that of single filtration. By continuing this process of purification for a second time, the GUVs size distribution became even narrower. After using an extra filtration with dual filtration, two different size distributions of GUVs were obtained at a time. This experimental observation suggests that different size specific distributions of GUVs can be obtained easily, even if GUVs are prepared by different other methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tawfika Nasrin
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Marzuk Ahmed
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Kabir Ahamed
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shareef Ahammed
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Salma Akter
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sharif Hasan
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Zaid Bin Mahbub
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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14
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Zuraw-Weston SE, Siavashpouri M, Moustaka ME, Gerling T, Dietz H, Fraden S, Ribbe AE, Dinsmore AD. Membrane Remodeling by DNA Origami Nanorods: Experiments Exploring the Parameter Space for Vesicle Remodeling. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:6219-6231. [PMID: 33983740 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the ability of cell membranes to alter their shape in response to bound particles, we report an experimental study of long, slender nanorods binding to lipid bilayer vesicles and altering the membrane shape. Our work illuminates the role of particle concentration, adhesion strength, and membrane tension in determining the membrane morphology. We combined giant unilamellar vesicles with oppositely charged nanorods, carefully tuning the adhesion strength, membrane tension, and particle concentration. With increasing adhesion strength, the primary behaviors observed were membrane deformation, vesicle-vesicle adhesion, and vesicle rupture. These behaviors were observed in well-defined regions in the parameter space with sharp transitions between them. We observed the deformation of the membrane resulting in tubulation, textured surfaces, and small and large lipid-particle aggregates. These responses are robust and repeatable and provide a new physical understanding of the dependence on the shape, binding affinity, and particle concentration in membrane remodeling. The design principles derived from these experiments may lead to new bioinspired membrane-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Zuraw-Weston
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Hasbrouck Lab, 666 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01002, United States
| | - Mahsa Siavashpouri
- Department of Physics, Brandeis University, Abelson-Bass-Yalem, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
| | - Maria E Moustaka
- Department of Physics, Brandeis University, Abelson-Bass-Yalem, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
| | - Thomas Gerling
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str., 1, Garching D-85748, Germany
| | - Hendrik Dietz
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str., 1, Garching D-85748, Germany
| | - Seth Fraden
- Department of Physics, Brandeis University, Abelson-Bass-Yalem, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
| | - Alexander E Ribbe
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Silvio O. Conte National Center for Polymer Research, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Anthony D Dinsmore
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Hasbrouck Lab, 666 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01002, United States
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15
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Baxter AM, Jordan LR, Kullappan M, Wittenberg NJ. Tubulation of Supported Lipid Bilayer Membranes Induced by Photosensitized Lipid Oxidation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:5753-5762. [PMID: 33939441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c03363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We show that photosensitized phospholipid oxidation, initiated by the lipid-conjugated fluorophore TopFluor-PC, causes defects, namely, membrane tubes and vesicle-like structures, in supported lipid bilayers (SLBs). Lipid oxidation is detrimental to the integrity of the lipid molecules; when oxidized, they undergo a conformational expansion, which causes membrane tubes to protrude from the SLB. Lipid oxidation is verified by FT-IR spectroscopy, and area expansion is observed in Langmuir trough experiments. Upon growing to a critical length, the membrane tubes arising from SLBs rapidly undergo transition to vesicle-like structures. We find a correlation between the maximum tube length and the diameter of the resulting vesicle, suggesting the conservation of the surface area between these features. We use geometric modeling and the measured tube length and vesicle radius to calculate the tube radius; our calculated mean tube diameter of 243 nm is comparable to other groups' experimental findings. In the presence of fluid flow, membrane tubes can be extended to tens to hundreds of microns in length. SLBs composed of saturated lipids resist light-induced tubulation, and the inclusion of the lipophilic antioxidant α-tocopherol attenuates the tubulation process and increases the light intensity threshold for tubulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M Baxter
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Luke R Jordan
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Monicka Kullappan
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Nathan J Wittenberg
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
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16
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Abstract
We propose a three-dimensional mathematical model to describe dynamical processes of membrane fission. The model is based on a phase field equation that includes the Gaussian curvature contribution to the bending energy. With the addition of the Gaussian curvature energy term numerical simulations agree with the predictions that tubular shapes can break down into multiple vesicles. A dispersion relation obtained with linear analysis predicts the wavelength of the instability and the number of formed vesicles. Finally, a membrane shape diagram is obtained for the different Gaussian and bending modulus, showing different shape regimes.
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17
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Rojas Molina R, Liese S, Alimohamadi H, Rangamani P, Carlson A. Diffuso-kinetic membrane budding dynamics. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:10889-10899. [PMID: 33125025 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01028f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A wide range of proteins are known to create shape transformations of biological membranes, where the remodelling is a coupling between the energetic costs from deforming the membrane, the recruitment of proteins that induce a local spontaneous curvature C0 and the diffusion of proteins along the membrane. We propose a minimal mathematical model that accounts for these processes to describe the diffuso-kinetic dynamics of membrane budding processes. By deploying numerical simulations we map out the membrane shapes, the time for vesicle formation and the vesicle size as a function of the dimensionless kinetic recruitment parameter K1 and the proteins sensitivity to mean curvature. We derive a time for scission that follows a power law ∼K1-2/3, a consequence of the interplay between the spreading of proteins by diffusion and the kinetic-limited increase of the protein density on the membrane. We also find a scaling law for the vesicle size ∼1/([small sigma, Greek, macron]avC0), with [small sigma, Greek, macron]av the average protein density in the vesicle, which is confirmed in the numerical simulations. Rescaling all the membrane profiles at the time of vesicle formation highlights that the membrane adopts a self-similar shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Rojas Molina
- Mechanics Division, Department of Mathematics, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
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18
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Diffusion on Membrane Domes, Tubes, and Pearling Structures. Biophys J 2020; 120:424-431. [PMID: 33359464 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffusion is a fundamental mechanism for protein distribution in cell membranes. These membranes often exhibit complex shapes, which range from shallow domes to elongated tubular or pearl-like structures. Shape complexity of the membrane influences the diffusive spreading of proteins and molecules. Despite the importance membrane geometry plays in these diffusive processes, it is challenging to establish the dependence between diffusion and membrane morphology. We solve the diffusion equation numerically on various static curved shapes representative for experimentally observed membrane shapes. Our results show that membrane necks become diffusion barriers. We determine the diffusive half-time, i.e., the time that is required to reduce the amount of protein in the budded region by one half, and find a quadratic relation between the diffusive half-time and the averaged mean curvature of the membrane shape, which we rationalize by a scaling law. Our findings thus help estimate the characteristic diffusive timescale based on the simple measure of membrane mean curvature.
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19
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Wiemann JT, Shen Z, Ye H, Li Y, Yu Y. Membrane poration, wrinkling, and compression: deformations of lipid vesicles induced by amphiphilic Janus nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:20326-20336. [PMID: 33006360 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr05355d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Building upon our previous studies on interactions of amphiphilic Janus nanoparticles with glass-supported lipid bilayers, we study here how these Janus nanoparticles perturb the structural integrity and induce shape instabilities of membranes of giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs). We show that 100 nm amphiphilic Janus nanoparticles disrupt GUV membranes at a threshold particle concentration similar to that in supported lipid bilayers, but cause drastically different membrane deformations, including membrane wrinkling, protrusion, poration, and even collapse of entire vesicles. By combining experiments with molecular simulations, we reveal how Janus nanoparticles alter local membrane curvature and collectively compress the membrane to induce shape transformation of vesicles. Our study demonstrates that amphiphilic Janus nanoparticles disrupt vesicle membranes differently and more effectively than uniform amphiphilic particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared T Wiemann
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA.
| | - Zhiqiang Shen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - Huilin Ye
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA.
| | - Yan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA.
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20
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Wu LJ, Lee S, Park S, Eland LE, Wipat A, Holden S, Errington J. Geometric principles underlying the proliferation of a model cell system. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4149. [PMID: 32811832 PMCID: PMC7434903 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17988-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Many bacteria can form wall-deficient variants, or L-forms, that divide by a simple mechanism that does not require the FtsZ-based cell division machinery. Here, we use microfluidic systems to probe the growth, chromosome cycle and division mechanism of Bacillus subtilis L-forms. We find that forcing cells into a narrow linear configuration greatly improves the efficiency of cell growth and chromosome segregation. This reinforces the view that L-form division is driven by an excess accumulation of surface area over volume. Cell geometry also plays a dominant role in controlling the relative positions and movement of segregating chromosomes. Furthermore, the presence of the nucleoid appears to influence division both via a cell volume effect and by nucleoid occlusion, even in the absence of FtsZ. Our results emphasise the importance of geometric effects for a range of crucial cell functions, and are of relevance for efforts to develop artificial or minimal cell systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Juan Wu
- Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Biosciences Institute, Medical School, Newcastle University, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AX, UK.
| | - Seoungjun Lee
- grid.1006.70000 0001 0462 7212Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Biosciences Institute, Medical School, Newcastle University, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AX UK ,grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Present Address: Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, SE5 9RX UK
| | - Sungshic Park
- grid.1006.70000 0001 0462 7212Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Biosciences Institute, Medical School, Newcastle University, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AX UK ,grid.1006.70000 0001 0462 7212Interdisciplinary Computing and Complex BioSystems research group, School of Computing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5TG UK
| | - Lucy E. Eland
- grid.1006.70000 0001 0462 7212Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Biosciences Institute, Medical School, Newcastle University, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AX UK ,grid.1006.70000 0001 0462 7212Interdisciplinary Computing and Complex BioSystems research group, School of Computing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5TG UK
| | - Anil Wipat
- grid.1006.70000 0001 0462 7212Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Biosciences Institute, Medical School, Newcastle University, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AX UK ,grid.1006.70000 0001 0462 7212Interdisciplinary Computing and Complex BioSystems research group, School of Computing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5TG UK
| | - Séamus Holden
- grid.1006.70000 0001 0462 7212Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Biosciences Institute, Medical School, Newcastle University, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AX UK
| | - Jeff Errington
- Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Biosciences Institute, Medical School, Newcastle University, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AX, UK.
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21
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Yoon BK, Park S, Ma GJ, Kolahdouzan K, Zhdanov VP, Jackman JA, Cho NJ. Competing Interactions of Fatty Acids and Monoglycerides Trigger Synergistic Phospholipid Membrane Remodeling. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:4951-4957. [PMID: 32478524 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Using quartz crystal microbalance-dissipation and time-lapse fluorescence microscopy, we demonstrate that adding mixtures of lauric acid (LA) and glycerol monolaurate (GML), two of the most biologically active antimicrobial fatty acids and monoglycerides, to a supported lipid bilayer triggers concurrent tubule and bud formation, which unexpectedly results in synergistic phospholipid membrane remodeling that far exceeds the effects of GML or LA alone. Together, GML and LA drive pearling instability, dynamic transformation of buds into tubules and vice versa, and extensive membrane lysis. The most pronounced effects occurred with equimolar concentrations of GML and LA, highlighting that synergistic membrane disruption arises from competition for the lipid supply to buds and tubules and an inability to relieve membrane strains. These findings offer a conceptually new model to explain how fatty acid and monoglyceride interactions can trigger phospholipid membrane remodeling events relevant to various biophysical and biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Kyeong Yoon
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive 637553, Singapore
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Soohyun Park
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive 637553, Singapore
| | - Gamaliel J Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive 637553, Singapore
| | - Kavoos Kolahdouzan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive 637553, Singapore
- Department of Chemistry, Pomona College, 645 North College Avenue, Claremont, California 91711, United States
| | - Vladimir P Zhdanov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Joshua A Jackman
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Joon Cho
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive 637553, Singapore
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22
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Li L, Cui S, Hu A, Zhang W, Li Y, Zhou N, Zhang Z, Zhu X. Smart azobenzene-containing tubular polymersomes: fabrication and multiple morphological tuning. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:6237-6240. [PMID: 32373820 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc01934h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A fundamental challenge in nanomaterial science is to facilely fabricate nonspherical polymersomes. Here, several kinds of novel tubular polymersomes were fabricated via self-assembly of amphiphilic azobenzene-containing block copolymers. Besides, their shape could be tuned by multiple approaches including changes in the chemical structure, self-assembly conditions and external stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishan Li
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China.
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23
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Deformation and poration of giant unilamellar vesicles induced by anionic nanoparticles. Chem Phys Lipids 2020; 230:104916. [PMID: 32407734 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2020.104916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of anionic magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) of size 18 nm with negatively charged giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) formed from a mixture of neutral dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) and negatively charged dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol (DOPG) lipids has been investigated. It has been obtained that NPs induces the deformation of spherical GUVs. The reaction of other GUVs on NPs consists in the appearance of pores in their membranes. We focused the effect of electrostatics on the interaction of charged membranes with MNPs. To study the influence of the surface charge of GUVs on the processes under consideration, we varied the fraction of DOPG in the vesicles from 0 to 100%. We examined the influence of salt concentration in the range of 50-300 mM NaCl concentration. To describe the degree of deformation, a special parameter compactness was introduced. The pore formation in the membranes of GUVs was investigated by the leakage of sucrose. The compactness increases with time and also NPs concentration. The fraction of deformed GUVs increases with the increase of surface charge density of membranes as well as the decrease of salt concentration in buffer. The value of compactness for neutral membrane is 1.25 times higher than that of charged ones. The fraction of deformed GUVs become constant after 20 min, however it increases with NPs concentration. The time taken for stochastic pore formation is less for charged membrane than neutral one. The physical mechanism explaining the experimental results obtained in these investigations.
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24
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Qu G, Xia T, Zhou W, Zhang X, Zhang H, Hu L, Shi J, Yu XF, Jiang G. Property-Activity Relationship of Black Phosphorus at the Nano-Bio Interface: From Molecules to Organisms. Chem Rev 2020; 120:2288-2346. [PMID: 31971371 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
As a novel member of the two-dimensional nanomaterial family, mono- or few-layer black phosphorus (BP) with direct bandgap and high charge carrier mobility is promising in many applications such as microelectronic devices, photoelectronic devices, energy technologies, and catalysis agents. Due to its benign elemental composition (phosphorus), large surface area, electronic/photonic performances, and chemical/biological activities, BP has also demonstrated a great potential in biomedical applications including biosensing, photothermal/photodynamic therapies, controlled drug releases, and antibacterial uses. The nature of the BP-bio interface is comprised of dynamic contacts between nanomaterials (NMs) and biological systems, where BP and the biological system interact. The physicochemical interactions at the nano-bio interface play a critical role in the biological effects of NMs. In this review, we discuss the interface in the context of BP as a nanomaterial and its unique physicochemical properties that may affect its biological effects. Herein, we comprehensively reviewed the recent studies on the interactions between BP and biomolecules, cells, and animals and summarized various cellular responses, inflammatory/immunological effects, as well as other biological outcomes of BP depending on its own physical properties, exposure routes, and biodistribution. In addition, we also discussed the environmental behaviors and potential risks on environmental organisms of BP. Based on accumulating knowledge on the BP-bio interfaces, this review also summarizes various safer-by-design strategies to change the physicochemical properties including chemical stability and nano-bio interactions, which are critical in tuning the biological behaviors of BP. The better understanding of the biological activity of BP at BP-bio interfaces and corresponding methods to overcome the challenges would promote its future exploration in terms of bringing this new nanomaterial to practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangbo Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences 100085 , Beijing , P.R. China.,Institute of Environment and Health , Jianghan University , Wuhan 430056 , China.,Institute of Environment and Health , Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS , Hangzhou 310000 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Tian Xia
- Division of Nanomedicine, Department of Medicine , University of California Los Angeles California 90095 , United States
| | - Wenhua Zhou
- Materials Interfaces Center , Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055 , P.R. China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Materials Interfaces Center , Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055 , P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- College of Environment , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310032 , China
| | - Ligang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences 100085 , Beijing , P.R. China.,Institute of Environment and Health , Jianghan University , Wuhan 430056 , China.,Institute of Environment and Health , Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS , Hangzhou 310000 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Jianbo Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences 100085 , Beijing , P.R. China.,Institute of Environment and Health , Jianghan University , Wuhan 430056 , China.,Institute of Environment and Health , Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS , Hangzhou 310000 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Xue-Feng Yu
- Materials Interfaces Center , Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055 , P.R. China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences 100085 , Beijing , P.R. China.,Institute of Environment and Health , Jianghan University , Wuhan 430056 , China.,Institute of Environment and Health , Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS , Hangzhou 310000 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
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25
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Zuraw-Weston S, Wood DA, Torres IK, Lee Y, Wang LS, Jiang Z, Lázaro GR, Wang S, Rodal AA, Hagan MF, Rotello VM, Dinsmore AD. Nanoparticles binding to lipid membranes: from vesicle-based gels to vesicle tubulation and destruction. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:18464-18474. [PMID: 31577313 PMCID: PMC7155749 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr06570a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
While cells offer numerous inspiring examples in which membrane morphology and function are controlled by interactions with viruses or proteins, we still lack design principles for controlling membrane morphology in synthetic systems. With experiments and simulations, we show that spherical nanoparticles binding to lipid-bilayer membrane vesicles results in a remarkably rich set of collective morphologies that are controllable via the particle binding energy. We separately study cationic and anionic particles, where the adhesion is tuned by addition of oppositely charged lipids to the vesicles. When the binding energy is weak relative to a characteristic membrane-bending energy, vesicles adhere to one another and form a soft solid gel, a novel and useful platform for controlled release. With larger binding energy, a transition from partial to complete wrapping of the nanoparticles causes a remarkable vesicle destruction process culminating in rupture, nanoparticle-membrane tubules, and an apparent inversion of the vesicles. These findings help unify the diverse phenomena observed previously. They also open the door to a new class of vesicle-based, closed-cell gels that are more than 99% water and can encapsulate and release on demand, and show how to drive intentional membrane remodeling for shape-responsive systems.
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26
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Li Y, Ten Wolde PR. Shape Transformations of Vesicles Induced by Swim Pressure. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:148003. [PMID: 31702175 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.148003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
While the behavior of vesicles in thermodynamic equilibrium has been studied extensively, how active forces control vesicle shape transformations is not understood. Here, we combine theory and simulations to study the shape behavior of vesicles containing active Brownian particles. We show that the combination of active forces, dimensionality, and membrane bending free energy creates a plethora of novel phase transitions. At low swim pressure, the vesicle exhibits a discontinuous transition from a spherical to a prolate shape, which has no counterpart in two dimensions. At high swim pressure it exhibits stochastic spatiotemporal oscillations. Our work helps researchers to understand and control the shape dynamics of membranes in active-matter systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Li
- AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
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27
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Biopearling of Interconnected Outer Membrane Vesicle Chains by a Marine Flavobacterium. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:AEM.00829-19. [PMID: 31324630 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00829-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Large surface-to-volume ratios provide optimal nutrient uptake conditions for small microorganisms in oligotrophic habitats. The surface area can be increased with appendages. Here, we describe chains of interconnecting vesicles protruding from cells of strain Hel3_A1_48, affiliating with Formosa spp. within the Flavobacteriia and originating from coastal free-living bacterioplankton. The chains were up to 10 μm long and had vesicles emanating from the outer membrane with a single membrane and a size of 80 to 100 nm by 50 to 80 nm. Cells extruded membrane tubes in the exponential phase, whereas vesicle chains dominated on cells in the stationary growth phase. This formation is known as pearling, a physical morphogenic process in which membrane tubes protrude from liposomes and transform into chains of interconnected vesicles. Proteomes of whole-cell membranes and of detached vesicles were dominated by outer membrane proteins, including the type IX secretion system and surface-attached peptidases, glycoside hydrolases, and endonucleases. Fluorescein-labeled laminarin stained the cells and the vesicle chains. Thus, the appendages provide binding domains and degradative enzymes on their surfaces and probably storage volume in the vesicle lumen. Both may contribute to the high abundance of these Formosa-affiliated bacteria during laminarin utilization shortly after spring algal blooms.IMPORTANCE Microorganisms produce membrane vesicles. One synthesis pathway seems to be pearling that describes the physical formation of vesicle chains from phospholipid vesicles via extended tubes. Bacteria with vesicle chains had been observed as well as bacteria with tubes, but pearling was so far not observed. Here, we report the observation of, initially, tubes and then vesicle chains during the growth of a flavobacterium, suggesting biopearling of vesicle chains. The flavobacterium is abundant during spring bacterioplankton blooms developing after algal blooms and has a special set of enzymes for laminarin, the major storage polysaccharide of microalgae. We demonstrated with fluorescently labeled laminarin that the vesicle chains bind laminarin or contain laminarin-derived compounds. Proteomic analyses revealed surface-attached degradative enzymes on the outer membrane vesicles. We conclude that the large surface area and the lumen of vesicle chains may contribute to the ecological success of this marine bacterium.
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28
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Arribas Perez M, Moriones OH, Bastús NG, Puntes V, Nelson A, Beales PA. Mechanomodulation of Lipid Membranes by Weakly Aggregating Silver Nanoparticles. Biochemistry 2019; 58:4761-4773. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Arribas Perez
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Oscar H. Moriones
- Institut Català de Nanociència y Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autonòma de Barcelona (UAB), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Neus G. Bastús
- Institut Català de Nanociència y Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victor Puntes
- Institut Català de Nanociència y Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autonòma de Barcelona (UAB), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrew Nelson
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Paul A. Beales
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
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29
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Bahrami A, Bahrami AH. Vesicle constriction by rings of Janus nanoparticles and aggregates of curved proteins. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:345101. [PMID: 31048566 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab1ed5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Membrane constriction and associated scission by proteins and nano structures are crucial to many processes in cellular and synthetic biology. We report mechanical constriction of vesicles by rings of adsorbed Janus nanoparticles that represent synthetic nano structures and mimic contractile proteins, and by aggregates of curved crescents that mimic scaffold proteins. Membrane energetics from Monte Carlo simulations and simulated annealing of the elastic membrane model confirms spontaneous vesicle constriction by aggregates of sufficiently-curved crescents of various lengths and by rings of Janus nanoparticles with a variety of ring lengths, particle sizes, and particle area fractions. We show that shorter rings of smaller particles with higher area fractions reinforce the constriction by increasing the energetic drive towards the constricted vesicle with smaller constriction radius. We demonstrate that vesicle constriction by crescent aggregates strongly depends on the crescent curvature. In contrast to aggregates of sufficiently-curved crescents that are capable of inducing full vesicle constriction, those of near flat crescents with negligible curvature leave the vesicle unconstricted. Our results offer promising perspectives for designing membrane-constricting nano structures such as nanoparticle aggregates and clusters of synthetic curved proteins such as DNA origami scaffolds with applications in synthetic biology. Our findings reveal the significant contribution of highly-curved F-BAR domains to cell division and explain how contractile protein rings such as dynamin GTPase, actomyosin rings, and endosomal sorting complexes required for transport constrict the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Bahrami
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, North Kargar St., 14399-57131 Tehran, Iran
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Fošnarič M, Penič S, Iglič A, Kralj-Iglič V, Drab M, Gov NS. Theoretical study of vesicle shapes driven by coupling curved proteins and active cytoskeletal forces. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:5319-5330. [PMID: 31237259 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm02356e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryote cells have a flexible shape, which dynamically changes according to the function performed by the cell. One mechanism for deforming the cell membrane into the desired shape is through the expression of curved membrane proteins. Furthermore, these curved membrane proteins are often associated with the recruitment of the cytoskeleton, which then applies active forces that deform the membrane. This coupling between curvature and activity was previously explored theoretically in the linear limit of small deformations, and low dimensionality. Here we explore the unrestricted shapes of vesicles that contain active curved membrane proteins, in three-dimensions, using Monte-Carlo numerical simulations. The activity of the proteins is in the form of protrusive forces that push the membrane outwards, as may arise from the cytoskeleton of the cell due to actin or microtubule polymerization occurring near the membrane. For proteins that have an isotropic convex shape, the additional protrusive force enhances their tendency to aggregate and form membrane protrusions (buds). In addition, we find another transition from deformed spheres with necklace type aggregates, to flat pancake-shaped vesicles, where the curved proteins line the outer rim. This second transition is driven by the active forces, coupled to the spontaneous curvature, and the resulting configurations may shed light on the formation of sheet-like protrusions and lamellipodia of adhered and motile cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miha Fošnarič
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Samo Penič
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Aleš Iglič
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Mitja Drab
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nir S Gov
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
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Yan Z, Li S, Luo Z, Xu Y, Yue T. Membrane nanotube pearling restricted by confined polymers. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:9383-9392. [PMID: 30418454 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm01711e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence showed that membrane nanotubes readily undergo pearling in response to external stimuli, while long tubular membrane structures have been observed connecting cells and functioning as channels for intercellular transport, raising a fundamental question of how the stability of membrane nanotubes is maintained in the cellular environment. Here, combining dissipative particle dynamics simulations, free energy calculations, and a force analysis, we propose and demonstrate that nanotube pearling can be restricted by confined polymers, which can be DNA and protein chains transported through the nanotubes, or actin filaments participating in tube formation and elongation. Thermodynamically, nanotube pearling releases the membrane surface energy, but costs bending energies of both the membrane and the confined polymers. Following the mechanism, the pearling of nanotubes confining longer and stiffer polymers is more difficult as it costs larger polymer bending energies. In dynamics, nanotube pearling occurs by repelling polymers from the region of nanotube shrinking to that of swelling. Shorter polymers can be readily repelled owing to the unbalanced force exerted by the shrinking tube region, whereas longer polymers tend to be trapped at the shrinking region to retard the nanotube pearling. Besides the low surface tension maintained by lipid reservoirs kept in living cells, our results supplement the explanation for the stability of membrane nanotubes, and open up a new avenue to manipulate the shape deformation of tubular membrane structures for study of many biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengshuai Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China.
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Tanaka M, Suwatthanarak T, Arakaki A, Johnson BRG, Evans SD, Okochi M, Staniland SS, Matsunaga T. Enhanced Tubulation of Liposome Containing Cardiolipin by MamY Protein from Magnetotactic Bacteria. Biotechnol J 2018; 13:e1800087. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and EngineeringTokyo Institute of Technology2‐12‐1, O‐okayama, Meguro‐kuTokyo 152‐8552Japan
| | - Thanawat Suwatthanarak
- Department of Chemical Science and EngineeringTokyo Institute of Technology2‐12‐1, O‐okayama, Meguro‐kuTokyo 152‐8552Japan
| | - Atsushi Arakaki
- Division of Biotechnology and Life ScienceInstitute of EngineeringTokyo University of Agriculture and Technology2‐24‐16 Naka‐cho, KoganeiTokyo 184‐8588Japan
| | | | - Stephen D. Evans
- School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of LeedsLeeds LS2 9JTUK
| | - Mina Okochi
- Department of Chemical Science and EngineeringTokyo Institute of Technology2‐12‐1, O‐okayama, Meguro‐kuTokyo 152‐8552Japan
| | | | - Tadashi Matsunaga
- Division of Biotechnology and Life ScienceInstitute of EngineeringTokyo University of Agriculture and Technology2‐24‐16 Naka‐cho, KoganeiTokyo 184‐8588Japan
- Faculty of Science and EngineeringWaseda University3‐4‐1, Okubo, Shinjuku‐kuTokyo 169‐8555Japan
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Nanomaterial interactions with biomembranes: Bridging the gap between soft matter models and biological context. Biointerphases 2018; 13:028501. [DOI: 10.1116/1.5022145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Montis C, Generini V, Boccalini G, Bergese P, Bani D, Berti D. Model lipid bilayers mimic non-specific interactions of gold nanoparticles with macrophage plasma membranes. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 516:284-294. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.01.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Ultrastructure of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 nanowires revealed by electron cryotomography. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E3246-E3255. [PMID: 29555764 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1718810115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial nanowires have garnered recent interest as a proposed extracellular electron transfer (EET) pathway that links the bacterial electron transport chain to solid-phase electron acceptors away from the cell. Recent studies showed that Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 produces outer membrane (OM) and periplasmic extensions that contain EET components and hinted at their possible role as bacterial nanowires. However, their fine structure and distribution of cytochrome electron carriers under native conditions remained unclear, making it difficult to evaluate the potential electron transport (ET) mechanism along OM extensions. Here, we report high-resolution images of S. oneidensis OM extensions, using electron cryotomography (ECT). We developed a robust method for fluorescence light microscopy imaging of OM extension growth on electron microscopy grids and used correlative light and electron microscopy to identify and image the same structures by ECT. Our results reveal that S. oneidensis OM extensions are dynamic chains of interconnected outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) with variable dimensions, curvature, and extent of tubulation. Junction densities that potentially stabilize OMV chains are seen between neighboring vesicles in cryotomograms. By comparing wild type and a cytochrome gene deletion mutant, our ECT results provide the likely positions and packing of periplasmic and outer membrane proteins consistent with cytochromes. Based on the observed cytochrome packing density, we propose a plausible ET path along the OM extensions involving a combination of direct hopping and cytochrome diffusion. A mean-field calculation, informed by the observed ECT cytochrome density, supports this proposal by revealing ET rates on par with a fully packed cytochrome network.
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Errington J, Mickiewicz K, Kawai Y, Wu LJ. L-form bacteria, chronic diseases and the origins of life. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2017; 371:rstb.2015.0494. [PMID: 27672147 PMCID: PMC5052740 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2015.0494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The peptidoglycan cell wall is widely conserved across the bacterial domain, suggesting that it appeared early in the evolution of bacteria. It is normally essential but under certain conditions wall-deficient or ‘L-form’ bacteria can be isolated. In Bacillus subtilis this normally requires two genetic changes. The first, exemplified by mutations shutting down wall precursor synthesis, works by increasing membrane synthesis. This promotes the unusual form of proliferation used by L-forms, involving a range of relatively disorganized membrane blebbing or vesiculation events. The secondary class of mutations probably work by relieving oxidative stress that L-forms may incur due to their unbalanced metabolism. Repression or inhibition of cell wall precursor synthesis can stimulate the L-form transition in a wide range of bacteria, of both Gram-positive and -negative lineages. L-forms are completely resistant to most antibiotics working specifically on cell wall synthesis, such as penicillins and cephalosporins, consistent with the many reports of their involvement in various chronic diseases. They are potentially important in biotechnology, because lack of a wall can be advantageous in a range of production or strain improvement applications. Finally, L-forms provide an interesting model system for studying early steps in the evolution of cellular life. This article is part of the themed issue ‘The new bacteriology’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Errington
- Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE24AX, UK
| | - Katarzyna Mickiewicz
- Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE24AX, UK
| | - Yoshikazu Kawai
- Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE24AX, UK
| | - Ling Juan Wu
- Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE24AX, UK
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Pernpeintner C, Frank JA, Urban P, Roeske CR, Pritzl SD, Trauner D, Lohmüller T. Light-Controlled Membrane Mechanics and Shape Transitions of Photoswitchable Lipid Vesicles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:4083-4089. [PMID: 28361538 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b01020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) represent a versatile model system to emulate the fundamental properties and functions associated with the plasma membrane of living cells. Deformability and shape transitions of lipid vesicles are closely linked to the mechanical properties of the bilayer membrane itself and are typically difficult to control under physiological conditions. Here, we developed a protocol to form cell-sized vesicles from an azobenzene-containing phosphatidylcholine (azo-PC), which undergoes photoisomerization on irradiation with UV-A and visible light. Photoswitching within the photolipid vesicles enabled rapid and precise control of the mechanical properties of the membrane. By varying the intensity and dynamics of the optical stimulus, controlled vesicle shape changes such as budding transitions, invagination, pearling, or the formation of membrane tubes were achieved. With this system, we could mimic the morphology changes normally seen in cells, in the absence of any molecular machines associated with the cytoskeleton. Furthermore, we devised a mechanism to utilize photoswitchable lipid membranes for storing mechanical energy and then releasing it on command as locally usable work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Pernpeintner
- Photonics and Optoelectronics Group, Department of Physics and CeNS, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich , Amalienstraße 54, 80799 Munich, Germany
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich, Schellingstraße 4, 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - James A Frank
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich , Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Patrick Urban
- Photonics and Optoelectronics Group, Department of Physics and CeNS, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich , Amalienstraße 54, 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Christian R Roeske
- Photonics and Optoelectronics Group, Department of Physics and CeNS, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich , Amalienstraße 54, 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie D Pritzl
- Photonics and Optoelectronics Group, Department of Physics and CeNS, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich , Amalienstraße 54, 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich , Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich, Schellingstraße 4, 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Theobald Lohmüller
- Photonics and Optoelectronics Group, Department of Physics and CeNS, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich , Amalienstraße 54, 80799 Munich, Germany
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich, Schellingstraße 4, 80799 Munich, Germany
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Abstract
Domain migration is observed on the surface of ternary giant unilamellar vesicles held in a temperature gradient in conditions where they exhibit coexistence of two liquid phases. The migration localizes domains to the hot side of the vesicle, regardless of whether the domain is composed of the more ordered or disordered phase and regardless of the proximity to chamber boundaries. The distribution of domains is explored for domains that coarsen and for those held apart due to long-range repulsions. After considering several potential mechanisms for the migration, including the temperature preferences for each lipid, the favored curvature for each phase, and the thermophoretic flow around the vesicle, we show that observations are consistent with the general process of minimizing the system's line tension energy, because of the lowering of line interface energy closer to mixing. DNA strands, attached to the lipid bilayer with cholesterol anchors, act as an exemplar "cargo," demonstrating that the directed motion of domains toward higher temperatures provides a route to relocate species that preferentially reside in the domains.
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Li N, Sharifi-Mood N, Tu F, Lee D, Radhakrishnan R, Baumgart T, Stebe KJ. Curvature-Driven Migration of Colloids on Tense Lipid Bilayers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:600-610. [PMID: 28036186 PMCID: PMC5706785 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b03406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by proteins that generate membrane curvature, sense the underlying membrane geometry, and migrate driven by curvature gradients, we explore the question: Can colloids, adhered to lipid bilayers, also sense and respond to membrane geometry? We report the migration of Janus microparticles adhered to giant unilamellar vesicles elongated to present spatially varying curvatures. In our experiments, colloids migrate only when the membranes are tense, suggesting that they migrate to minimize membrane area. By determining the energy dissipated along a trajectory, the energy field is inferred to depend on the local deviatoric curvature, like curvature driven capillary migration on interfaces between immiscible fluids. In this latter system, energy gradients are larger, so colloids move deterministically, whereas the paths traced by colloids on vesicles have significant fluctuations. By addressing the role of Brownian motion, we show that the observed migration is analogous to curvature driven capillary migration, with membrane tension playing the role of interfacial tension. Since this motion is mediated by membrane shape, it can be turned on and off by dynamically deforming the vesicle. While particle-particle interactions on lipid membranes have been considered in many contributions, we report here an exciting and previously unexplored modality to actively direct the migration of colloids to desired locations on lipid bilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 220 South 33rd Street, 311A Towne Building, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - N. Sharifi-Mood
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 220 South 33rd Street, 311A Towne Building, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - F. Tu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 220 South 33rd Street, 311A Towne Building, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - D. Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 220 South 33rd Street, 311A Towne Building, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - R. Radhakrishnan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 220 South 33rd Street, 311A Towne Building, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, 210 S. 33rd St., 240 Skirkanich Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - T. Baumgart
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34 Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - K. J. Stebe
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 220 South 33rd Street, 311A Towne Building, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Jiang W, Wang Q, Qu X, Wang L, Wei X, Zhu D, Yang K. Effects of charge and surface defects of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on the disruption of model cell membranes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 574:771-780. [PMID: 27664764 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Revised: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The direct contact between multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and cell membranes causes membrane disruption, potentially leading to cytotoxicity. However, the role of electrostatic forces and MWCNT properties is still open to debate. In this study, the influences of charge and MWCNT surface defects on membrane disruption were investigated by microscopy and a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D). Positively/negatively charged giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) and supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) were made as model cell membranes. Negatively charged MWCNTs disrupted the GUVs containing positively charged lipids, which confirmed the electrostatically mediated interaction. However, the mass loss was detected from the negatively charged SLBs after MWCNT exposure, which suggests the extraction of phospholipids. The defect degree of MWCNTs correlated with their adhesion amount on the membranes. Both the oxygenated functional groups and unoxidized dangling carbon bonds were active sites for MWCNT-membrane interactions. The MWCNTs were observed to be engulfed inside the GUVs. The results clearly demonstrate that phospholipid extraction by MWCNTs could occur in electrostatically repulsive conditions, and MWCNT defects were active binding sites whether or not they were oxygenated. Our findings should be helpful in the design and safe applications of carbon nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Qi Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xiaolei Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Lixin Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xiaoran Wei
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Dongqiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Proliferation of Listeria monocytogenes L-form cells by formation of internal and external vesicles. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13631. [PMID: 27876798 PMCID: PMC5123018 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
L-forms are cell wall-deficient bacteria that divide through unusual mechanisms, involving dynamic perturbations of the cellular shape and generation of vesicles, independently of the cell-division protein FtsZ. Here we describe FtsZ-independent mechanisms, involving internal and external vesicles, by which Listeria monocytogenesL-forms proliferate. Using micromanipulation of single cells and vesicles, we show that small vesicles are formed by invagination within larger intracellular vesicles, receive cytoplasmic content, and represent viable progeny. In addition, the L-forms can reproduce by pearling, that is, generation of extracellular vesicles that remain transiently linked to their mother cell via elastic membranous tubes. Using photobleaching and fluorescence recovery, we demonstrate cytoplasmic continuity and transfer through these membranous tubes. Our findings indicate that L-forms' polyploidy and extended interconnectivity through membranous tubes contribute to the generation of viable progeny independently of dedicated division machinery, and further support L-forms as models for studies of potential multiplication mechanisms of hypothetical primitive cells. L-forms are cell wall-deficient bacteria that divide through unusual mechanisms, potentially resembling those of primitive cells. Here the authors describe how Listeria monocytogenesL-forms proliferate by generation of internal and external vesicles.
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Chambers M, Mallory SA, Malone H, Gao Y, Anthony SM, Yi Y, Cacciuto A, Yu Y. Lipid membrane-assisted condensation and assembly of amphiphilic Janus particles. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:9151-9157. [PMID: 27796398 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm02171a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Amphiphilic Janus particles self-assemble into complex metastructures, but little is known about how their assembly might be modified by weak interactions with a nearby biological membrane surface. Here, we report an integrated experimental and molecular dynamics simulation study to investigate the self-assembly of amphiphilic Janus particles on a lipid membrane. We created an experimental system in which Janus particles are allowed to self-assemble in the same medium where zwitterionic lipids form giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs). Janus particles spontaneously concentrated on the inner leaflet of the GUVs. They exhibited biased orientation and heterogeneous rotational dynamics as revealed by single particle rotational tracking. The combined experimental and simulation results show that Janus particles concentrate on the lipid membranes due to weak particle-lipid attraction, whereas the biased orientation of particles is driven predominantly by inter-particle interactions. This study demonstrates the potential of using lipid membranes to influence the self-assembly of Janus particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariah Chambers
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
| | | | - Heather Malone
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
| | - Stephen M Anthony
- Department of Bioenergy and Defense Technology, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87123, USA
| | - Yi Yi
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
| | - Angelo Cacciuto
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Yan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
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Liu X, Tian F, Yue T, Zhang X, Zhong C. Exploring the shape deformation of biomembrane tubes with theoretical analysis and computer simulation. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:9077-9085. [PMID: 27747359 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm01903j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The shape deformation of membrane nanotubes is studied by a combination of theoretical analysis and molecular simulation. First we perform free energy analysis to demonstrate the effects of various factors on two ideal states for the pearling transition, and then we carry out dissipative particle dynamics simulations, through which various types of membrane tube deformation are found, including membrane pearling, buckling, and bulging. Different models for inducing tube deformation, including the osmotic pressure, area difference and spontaneous curvature models, are considered to investigate tubular instabilities. Combined with free energy analysis, our simulations show that the origin of the deformation of membrane tubes in different models can be classified into two categories: effective spontaneous curvature and membrane tension. We further demonstrate that for different models, a positive membrane tension is required for the pearling transition. Finally we show that different models can be coupled to effectively deform the membrane tube.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China.
| | - Falin Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China.
| | - Tongtao Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, P. R. China
| | - Xianren Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China.
| | - Chongli Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China. and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
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Liu IB, Sharifi-Mood N, Stebe KJ. Curvature-driven assembly in soft matter. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2016; 374:rsta.2015.0133. [PMID: 27298434 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2015.0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Control over the spatial arrangement of colloids in soft matter hosts implies control over a wide variety of properties, ranging from the system's rheology, optics, and catalytic activity. In directed assembly, colloids are typically manipulated using external fields to form well-defined structures at given locations. We have been developing alternative strategies based on fields that arise when a colloid is placed within soft matter to form an inclusion that generates a potential field. Such potential fields allow particles to interact with each other. If the soft matter host is deformed in some way, the potential allows the particles to interact with the global system distortion. One important example is capillary assembly of colloids on curved fluid interfaces. Upon attaching, the particle distorts that interface, with an associated energy field, given by the product of its interfacial area and the surface tension. The particle's capillary energy depends on the local interface curvature. We explore this coupling in experiment and theory. There are important analogies in liquid crystals. Colloids in liquid crystals elicit an elastic energy response. When director fields are moulded by confinement, the imposed elastic energy field can couple to that of the colloid to define particle paths and sites for assembly. By improving our understanding of these and related systems, we seek to develop new, parallelizable routes for particle assembly to form reconfigurable systems in soft matter that go far beyond the usual close-packed colloidal structures.This article is part of the themed issue 'Soft interfacial materials: from fundamentals to formulation'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris B Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 220 South 33rd Street, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6391, USA
| | - Nima Sharifi-Mood
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 220 South 33rd Street, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6391, USA
| | - Kathleen J Stebe
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 220 South 33rd Street, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6391, USA
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45
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Tian F, Yue T, Dong W, Zhang X. Membrane tube pearling induced by a coupling of osmotic pressure and nanoparticle adhesion. Mol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2016.1161855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Falin Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
- Laboratoire de Chimie, Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon, Lyon Cedex, France
| | - Tongtao Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Dong
- Laboratoire de Chimie, Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon, Lyon Cedex, France
| | - Xianren Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
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Lowry TW, Hariri H, Prommapan P, Kusi-Appiah A, Vafai N, Bienkiewicz EA, Van Winkle DH, Stagg SM, Lenhert S. Quantification of Protein-Induced Membrane Remodeling Kinetics In Vitro with Lipid Multilayer Gratings. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:506-15. [PMID: 26649649 PMCID: PMC4843995 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201502398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic self-organization of lipids in biological systems is a highly regulated process that enables the compartmentalization of living systems at micro- and nanoscopic scales. Consequently, quantitative methods for assaying the kinetics of supramolecular remodeling such as vesicle formation from planar lipid bilayers or multilayers are needed to understand cellular self-organization. Here, a new nanotechnology-based method for quantitative measurements of lipid-protein interactions is presented and its suitability for quantifying the membrane binding, inflation, and budding activity of the membrane-remodeling protein Sar1 is demonstrated. Lipid multilayer gratings are printed onto surfaces using nanointaglio and exposed to Sar1, resulting in the inflation of lipid multilayers into unilamellar structures, which can be observed in a label-free manner by monitoring the diffracted light. Local variations in lipid multilayer volume on the surface is used to vary substrate availability in a microarray format. A quantitative model is developed that allows quantification of binding affinity (K D ) and kinetics (kon and koff ). Importantly, this assay is uniquely capable of quantifying membrane remodeling. Upon Sar1-induced inflation of single bilayers from surface supported multilayers, the semicylindrical grating lines are observed to remodel into semispherical buds when a critical radius of curvature is reached.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy W. Lowry
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4350, USA
| | - Hanaa Hariri
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4380, USA
| | - Plengchart Prommapan
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4350, USA
| | - Aubrey Kusi-Appiah
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4370, USA
| | - Nicholas Vafai
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4370, USA
| | - Ewa A. Bienkiewicz
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4300, USA
| | - David H. Van Winkle
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4350, USA
| | - Scott M. Stagg
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4380, USA
| | - Steven Lenhert
- Department of Biological Science and Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4370, USA
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47
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Yue T, Tian F, Sun M, Zhang X, Huang F. Inter-tube adhesion mediates a new pearling mechanism. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:361-74. [PMID: 26616465 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp04579g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A common mechanism for intracellular transport is the controlled shape transformation, also known as pearling, of membrane tubes. Exploring how tube pearling takes place is thus of quite importance to not only understand the bio-functions of tubes, but also promote their potential biomedical applications. While the pearling mechanism of one single tube is well understood, both the pathway and the mechanism of pearling of multiple tubes still remain unclear. Herein, by means of computer simulations we show that the tube pearling can be mediated by the inter-tube adhesion. By increasing the inter-tube adhesion strength, each tube undergoes a discontinuous transition from no pearling to thorough pearling. The discontinuous pearling transition is ascribed to the competitive variation between tube surface tension and the extent of inter-tube adhesion. Besides, the final pearling instability is also affected by tube diameter and inter-tube orientation. Thinner tubes undergo inter-tube lipid diffusion before completion of pearling. The early lipid diffusion reduces the extent of inter-tube adhesion and thus restrains the subsequent pearling. Therefore, only partial or no pearling can take place for two thinner tubes. For two perpendicular tubes, the pearling is also observed, but with different pathways and higher efficiency. The finite size effect is discussed by comparing the pearling of tubes with different lengths. It is expected that this work will not only provide new insights into the mechanism of membrane tube pearling, but also shed light on the potential applications in biomaterials science and nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtao Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China.
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48
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Jelerčič U, Gov NS. Pearling instability of membrane tubes driven by curved proteins and actin polymerization. Phys Biol 2015; 12:066022. [PMID: 26716426 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/12/6/066022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Membrane deformation inside living cells is crucial for the proper shaping of various intracellular organelles and is necessary during the fission/fusion processes that allow membrane recycling and transport (e.g. endocytosis). Proteins that induce membrane curvature play a key role in such processes, mostly by adsorbing to the membrane and forming a scaffold that deforms the membrane according to the curvature of the proteins. In this paper we explore the possibility of membrane tube destabilization through a pearling mechanism enabled by the combined effects of the adsorbed curved proteins and the actin polymerization that they recruit. The pearling instability can serve as the initiation for fission of the tube into vesicles. We find that adsorbed curved proteins are more likely to stabilize the tubes, while the actin polymerization can provide the additional constrictive force needed for the robust instability. We discuss the relevance of the theoretical results to in vivo and in vitro experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Jelerčič
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Theoretical Physics, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. Department of Chemical Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, PO Box 26, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
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49
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Recent developments in methodology employed to study the interactions between nanomaterials and model lipid membranes. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 408:2743-58. [PMID: 26603178 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-9157-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
With the boom of nanotechnology, nanomaterials (NMs) have been widely utilized in diverse applications, especially in biological and biomedical fields. Understanding how NMs interact with biomolecules, including proteins, DNA, and lipids, is of great importance for revealing the limitations posed and opportunities offered. Model lipid membrane, as a simplified cell membrane model, has been widely used to study the nanomaterial-lipid membrane interactions. In this article, current and emerging techniques, both experimental and theoretical, to investigate the interactions between NMs and model lipid membrane are summarized with each tool's capacities and limitations, along with future directions and challenges in this exciting area. This critical information will provide methodological guidance for researchers in this field.
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50
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Su YC, Chen JZY. A model of vesicle tubulation and pearling induced by adsorbing particles. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:4054-4060. [PMID: 25907594 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm00565e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We study the basic theoretical model of a deformable vesicle immersed in a solution of particles that can adsorb onto one of the two surfaces of a membrane. The model consists of an adsorption energy gain for the adsorbing particles and the Canham-Helfrich membrane bending energy, in which the spontaneous curvature is coupled with the adsorption area. We demonstrate that bud, pearling, and tube conformations can be stabilized after minimizing the free energy and that the pearling-tubulation transition has the characteristics of an abrupt structural transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Cheng Su
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, CanadaN2L 3G1.
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