1
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He Y, Luscombe CK. Quantitative comparison of the copolymerisation kinetics in catalyst-transfer copolymerisation to synthesise polythiophenes. Polym Chem 2024; 15:2598-2605. [PMID: 38933685 PMCID: PMC11197037 DOI: 10.1039/d4py00009a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Polythiophenes are one of the most widely studied conjugated polymers. With the discovery of the chain mechanism of Kumada catalyst-transfer polymerisation (KCTP), various polythiophene copolymer structures, such as random, block, and gradient copolymers, have been synthesized via batch or semi-batch (sequential addition) methods. However, the lack of quantitative kinetic data for thiophene monomers brings challenges to experimental design and structure prediction when synthesizing the copolymers. In this study, the reactivity ratios and the polymerisation rate constants of 3-hexylthiophene with 4 thiophene comonomers in KCTP are measured by adapting the Mayo-Lewis equation and the first-order kinetic behaviour of chain polymerisation. The obtained kinetic information highlights the impact of the monomer structure on the reactivity in the copolymerisations. The kinetic data are used to predict the copolymer structure of equimolar batch copolymerisations of the 4 thiophene derivatives with 3-hexylthiophene, with the experimental data agreeing well with the predictions. 3-Dodecylthiophene and 3-(6-bromo)hexylthiophene, which have higher structural similarity to 3-hexylthiophene, show nearly equivalent reactivity to 3-hexylthiophene and give random copolymers in the batch copolymerisation. 3-(2-Ethylhexyl)thiophene with a branched side chain is less reactive compared to 3-hexylthiophene and failed to homopolymerize at room temperature, but produced gradient copolymers with 3-hexylthiophene. Finally, the bulkiest 3-(4-octylphenyl)thiophene, despite its ability to homopolymerize, failed to maintain chain polymerisation in the copolymerisation with 3-hexylthiophene, possibly due to the large steric hindrance caused by the phenyl ring directly attached to the thiophene center. This study highlights the importance of monomer structures in copolymerisations and the need for accurate kinetic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington Seattle USA
| | - Christine K Luscombe
- Pi-Conjugated Polymers Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Okinawa Japan
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2
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Ye S, Lotocki V, Xu H, Seferos DS. Group 16 conjugated polymers based on furan, thiophene, selenophene, and tellurophene. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:6442-6474. [PMID: 35843215 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00139j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Five-membered aromatic rings containing Group 16 elements (O, S, Se, and Te), also referred as chalcogenophenes, are ubiquitous building blocks for π-conjugated polymers (CPs). Among these, polythiophenes have been established as a model system to study the interplay between molecular structure, solid-state organization, and electronic performance. The judicious substitution of alternative heteroatoms into polythiophenes is a promising strategy for tuning their properties and improving the performance of derived organic electronic devices, thus leading to the recent abundance of CPs containing furan, selenophene, and tellurophene. In this review, we first discuss the current status of Kumada, Negishi, Murahashi, Suzuki-Miyaura, and direct arylation polymerizations, representing the best routes to access well-defined chalcogenophene-containing homopolymers and copolymers. The self-assembly, optical, solid-state, and electronic properties of these polymers and their influence on device performance are then summarized. In addition, we highlight post-polymerization modifications as effective methods to transform polychalcogenophene backbones or side chains in ways that are unobtainable by direct polymerization. Finally, the major challenges and future outlook in this field are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyang Ye
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada.
| | - Victor Lotocki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada.
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada.
| | - Dwight S Seferos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada. .,Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
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3
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Ochiai Y, Higashihara T. The Effect of Alkyl Chain Length on Well-Defined Fluoro-Arylated Polythiophenes for Temperature-Dependent Morphological Transitions. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:33461-33469. [PMID: 33403308 PMCID: PMC7774253 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the relationship between the molecular structure and morphological behaviors of well-defined semiconducting polymers is essential for developing novel conjugated building blocks and determining the origin of the functional characteristics of semiconducting polymers. Here, we provide insights into the significant temperature-dependent morphological transitions of novel well-defined polythiophene derivatives with m-alkoxy-substituted fluoro-aryl side units: poly(3-(4-fluoro-3-(hexyloxy)phenyl)thiophene) (PHFPT) and poly(3-(4-fluoro-3-(dodecyloxy)phenyl)thiophene) (PDFPT). We found that these unique morphological transitions depend on the alkyl chain length of the substituted fluoro-aryl side units. In PHFPT with short alkyl chains, the thermal treatment promotes a crowded interdigitated packing structure, resulting in narrow lamellar spacings in its crystalline structure. In contrast, the long alkyl chain of PDFPT acts as a physical spacer and disturbs the crowded interdigitation. In addition, the thermal treatment induces the backbone planarization and an ordered packing morphology in PDFPT. These demonstrations provide a critical milestone for the phase transitions of semiconducting polymers with conjugated side units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Ochiai
- Department of Organic Materials
Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Tomoya Higashihara
- Department of Organic Materials
Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
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4
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Yan Y, Liu Y, Zhang Q, Han Y. Increasing N2200 Charge Transport Mobility to Improve Performance of All Polymer Solar Cells by Forming a Percolation Network Structure. Front Chem 2020; 8:394. [PMID: 32509729 PMCID: PMC7251163 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The poor electron transport ability of the polymer acceptor is one of the factors restricting the performance of all-polymer solar cells. The percolation network of conjugated polymers can promote its charge transfer. Hence, we aim to find out the critical molecular weight (MW) of N2200 on the forming of the percolation network and to improve its charge mobility and thus photovoltaic performance of J51:N2200 blend. Detailed measurements demonstrate that when the MW of N2200 is larger than 96k, a percolation network structure is formed due to the chain tangled and multi-chain aggregations. Analysis of kinetic experiments reveals that it is the memory of the N2200 long chain conformation and the extent of aggregation in solution are carried into cast films for the formation of the percolation network. Thus, the electron mobility increases from 5.58 × 10-6 cm2V-1s-1 (N220017k) to 9.03 × 10-5 cm2V-1s-1 when the MW of N2200 is >96k. It led to a balance between hole and electron mobility. The μh/μe decrease from 16.9 to 1.53, causing a significant enhancement in the PCEs, from 5.87 to 8.28% without additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yadi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yanchun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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5
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Tang A, Li J, Zhang B, Peng J, Zhou E. Low-Bandgap n-Type Polymer Based on a Fused-DAD-Type Heptacyclic Ring for All-Polymer Solar Cell Application with a Power Conversion Efficiency of 10.7. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:706-712. [PMID: 35648558 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
An n-type polymer (A701) is designed and synthesized with an alternative A'-DAD-A'-D' backbone, where 1,1-dicyanomethylene-3-indanone (IC), dithienothiophen[3,2-b]-pyrrolobenzothiadiazole (TPBT), and benzodithiophene (BDT) are used as A', DAD, and D' units, respectively. A701 shows enhanced light absorption with a narrow bandgap of 1.42 eV and a high absorption coefficient of 6.85 × 104 cm-1 at 780 nm. It displays an uplifted LUMO (the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) level of -3.80 eV. By introducing a high point solvent additive of 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO), all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) based on the PBDB-T:A701 blend exhibit efficient exciton dissociation, enhanced charge transport, and decreased bimolecular recombination. Thus, a high open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.92 V, a short-circuit current (JSC) of 18.27 mA cm-2, and a fill factor (FF) of 0.64 are attained, affording an impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.70%. The low voltage loss of 0.50 V and high efficiency of 10.7% are among the top values for all-PSCs. Our results indicate that the fused DAD-type heptacyclic ring can be utilized to construct not only nonfullerene small molecular acceptors but also promising polymer acceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailing Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- Henan Institutes of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Jing Peng
- Organtec Ltd., Beijing 102200, China
| | - Erjun Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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6
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Mori A, Kubota C, Fujita K, Hayashi M, Ogura T, Suzuki T, Okano K, Funahashi M, Horie M. Thermally Induced Self-Doping of π-Conjugated Polymers Bearing a Pendant Neopentyl Sulfonate Group. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atsunori Mori
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- Research Center for Membrane and Film Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada 657-8501, Japan
| | - Chihiro Kubota
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Keisuke Fujita
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Masayasu Hayashi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Tadayuki Ogura
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Toyoko Suzuki
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kentaro Okano
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Masahiro Funahashi
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Kagawa University, 2217-20 Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0396, Japan
| | - Masaki Horie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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7
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Wang K, Li Y, Li Y. Challenges to the Stability of Active Layer Materials in Organic Solar Cells. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e1900437. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201900437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- School of Materials and Chemical EngineeringZhongyuan University of Technology Zhengzhou 451191 China
| | - Yaowen Li
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic MaterialsCollege of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Yongfang Li
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic MaterialsCollege of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow University Suzhou 215123 China
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8
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Wang N, Long X, Ding Z, Feng J, Lin B, Ma W, Dou C, Liu J, Wang L. Improving Active Layer Morphology of All-Polymer Solar Cells by Dissolving the Two Polymers Individually. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- University
of
Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojing Long
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Zicheng Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Jirui Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Baojun Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Chuandong Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Lixiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
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9
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Grandl M, Schepper J, Maity S, Peukert A, von Hauff E, Pammer F. N → B Ladder Polymers Prepared by Postfunctionalization: Tuning of Electron Affinity and Evaluation as Acceptors in All-Polymer Solar Cells. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Grandl
- Wacker Chemie
AG, Johannes-Hess-Strasse 24, 84489 Burghausen, Germany
| | - Jonas Schepper
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Sudeshna Maity
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Andreas Peukert
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Elizabeth von Hauff
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Frank Pammer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
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10
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Baker MA, Tsai C, Noonan KJT. Diversifying Cross‐Coupling Strategies, Catalysts and Monomers for the Controlled Synthesis of Conjugated Polymers. Chemistry 2018; 24:13078-13088. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201706102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A. Baker
- Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University 4400 Fifth Ave Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | - Chia‐Hua Tsai
- Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University 4400 Fifth Ave Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | - Kevin J. T. Noonan
- Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University 4400 Fifth Ave Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
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11
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Miao J, Xu H, Meng B, Liu J, Wang L. Polymer Electron Acceptors Based on Fluorinated Isoindigo Unit for Polymer Solar Cells. CHINESE J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201800006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun Jilin 130022 China
- University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Han Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun Jilin 130022 China
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research; Northeast Normal University; Changchun Jilin 130024 China
| | - Bin Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun Jilin 130022 China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun Jilin 130022 China
| | - Lixiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun Jilin 130022 China
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12
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He B, Yin Q, Zhang J, Jia T, Yang X, Jiang XF, Huang F, Cao Y. n-Type Conjugated Polymer Based on Dicyanodistyrylbenzene and Naphthalene Diimide Units for All-Polymer Solar Cells. CHINESE J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201700803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baitian He
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou Guangdong 510640 China
| | - Qingwu Yin
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou Guangdong 510640 China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou Guangdong 510640 China
| | - Tao Jia
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou Guangdong 510640 China
| | - Xiye Yang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou Guangdong 510640 China
| | - Xiao-Fang Jiang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou Guangdong 510640 China
| | - Fei Huang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou Guangdong 510640 China
| | - Yong Cao
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou Guangdong 510640 China
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13
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Jäger J, Schraff S, Pammer F. Synthesis, Properties, and Solar Cell Performance of Poly(4-(p
-alkoxystyryl)thiazole)s. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201700496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Jäger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials; University of Ulm; Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Sandra Schraff
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials; University of Ulm; Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Frank Pammer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials; University of Ulm; Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
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14
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Liu S, Firdaus Y, Thomas S, Kan Z, Cruciani F, Lopatin S, Bredas JL, Beaujuge PM. Isoindigo-3,4-Difluorothiophene Polymer Acceptors Yield "All-Polymer" Bulk-Heterojunction Solar Cells with over 7 % Efficiency. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 57:531-535. [PMID: 29154413 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201709509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Poly(isoindigo-alt-3,4-difluorothiophene) (PIID[2F]T) analogues used as "polymer acceptors" in bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells achieve >7 % efficiency when used in conjunction with the polymer donor PBFTAZ (model system; copolymer of benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene and 5,6-difluorobenzotriazole). Considering that most efficient polymer-acceptor alternatives to fullerenes (e.g. PC61 BM or its C71 derivative) are based on perylenediimide or naphthalenediimide motifs thus far, branched alkyl-substituted PIID[2F]T polymers are particularly promising non-fullerene candidates for "all-polymer" BHJ solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjian Liu
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, Solar & Photovoltaics Engineering Research Center (SPERC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yuliar Firdaus
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, Solar & Photovoltaics Engineering Research Center (SPERC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Simil Thomas
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics (COPE), Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0400, USA
| | - Zhipeng Kan
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, Solar & Photovoltaics Engineering Research Center (SPERC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Federico Cruciani
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, Solar & Photovoltaics Engineering Research Center (SPERC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sergei Lopatin
- Imaging and Characterization Core Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jean-Luc Bredas
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics (COPE), Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0400, USA
| | - Pierre M Beaujuge
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, Solar & Photovoltaics Engineering Research Center (SPERC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Liu S, Firdaus Y, Thomas S, Kan Z, Cruciani F, Lopatin S, Bredas JL, Beaujuge PM. Isoindigo-3,4-Difluorothiophene Polymer Acceptors Yield “All-Polymer” Bulk-Heterojunction Solar Cells with over 7 % Efficiency. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201709509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengjian Liu
- Physical Science and Engineering Division; Solar & Photovoltaics Engineering Research Center (SPERC); King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Yuliar Firdaus
- Physical Science and Engineering Division; Solar & Photovoltaics Engineering Research Center (SPERC); King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Simil Thomas
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics (COPE); Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta GA 30332-0400 USA
| | - Zhipeng Kan
- Physical Science and Engineering Division; Solar & Photovoltaics Engineering Research Center (SPERC); King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Federico Cruciani
- Physical Science and Engineering Division; Solar & Photovoltaics Engineering Research Center (SPERC); King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Sergei Lopatin
- Imaging and Characterization Core Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Jean-Luc Bredas
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics (COPE); Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta GA 30332-0400 USA
| | - Pierre M. Beaujuge
- Physical Science and Engineering Division; Solar & Photovoltaics Engineering Research Center (SPERC); King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
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16
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Takagi K, Kouchi R, Kawai J. Regioselective halogen–magnesium exchange reaction of a bithiophene derivative bearing methoxy and pyridine groups at the β-position and Kumada coupling polymerization. Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2017.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Zhang S, Liu J, Han Y, Wang L. Polymer Electron Acceptors Based on Iso-Naphthalene Diimide Unit with High LUMO Levels. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201600606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100039 P. R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Yanchun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Lixiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 P. R. China
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18
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Leone AK, McNeil AJ. Matchmaking in Catalyst-Transfer Polycondensation: Optimizing Catalysts based on Mechanistic Insight. Acc Chem Res 2016; 49:2822-2831. [PMID: 27936580 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Catalyst-transfer polycondensation (CTP) has emerged as a useful living, chain-growth polymerization method for synthesizing conjugated (hetero)arene-based polymers with targetable molecular weights, narrow dispersities, and controllable copolymer sequences-all properties that significantly influence their performance in devices. Over the past decade, several phosphine- and carbene-ligated Ni- and Pd-based precatalysts have been shown to be effective in CTP. One current limitation is that these traditional CTP catalysts lead to nonliving, non-chain-growth behavior when complex monomer scaffolds are utilized. Because these monomers are often found in the highest-performing materials, there is a significant need to identify alternative CTP catalysts. Recent mechanistic insight into CTP has laid the foundation for designing new catalysts to expand the CTP monomer scope. Building off this insight, we have designed and implemented model systems to identify effective catalysts by understanding their underlying mechanistic behaviors and systematically modifying catalyst structures to improve their chain-growth behavior. In this Account, we describe how each catalyst parameter-the ancillary ligand(s), reactive ligand(s), and transition metal-influences CTP. As an example, ancillary ligands often dictate the turnover-limiting step of the catalytic cycle, and perhaps more importantly, they can be used to promote the formation of the key intermediate (a metal-arene associative complex) and its subsequent reactivity. The fidelity of this intermediate is central to the mechanism for the living, chain-growth polymerization. Reactive ligands, on the other hand, can be used to improve catalyst solubility and accelerate initiation. Additional advantages of the reactive ligand include providing access points for postpolymerization modification and synthesizing polymers directly off surfaces. While the most frequently used CTP catalysts contain nickel, palladium-based catalysts exhibit a higher functional group tolerance and broader substrate scope (e.g., monomers with boron, magnesium, tin, and gold transmetalating agents). Overall, we anticipate that applying the tools and lessons detailed in this Account to other monomers should facilitate a better "matchmaking" process that will lead to new catalyst-transfer polycondensations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K. Leone
- Department of Chemistry and
Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Anne J. McNeil
- Department of Chemistry and
Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
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19
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Kang H, Lee W, Oh J, Kim T, Lee C, Kim BJ. From Fullerene-Polymer to All-Polymer Solar Cells: The Importance of Molecular Packing, Orientation, and Morphology Control. Acc Chem Res 2016; 49:2424-2434. [PMID: 27753477 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
All-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs), consisting of conjugated polymers as both electron donor (PD) and acceptor (PA), have recently attracted great attention. Remarkable progress has been achieved during the past few years, with power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) now approaching 8%. In this Account, we first discuss the major advantages of all-PSCs over fullerene-polymer solar cells (fullerene-PSCs): (i) high light absorption and chemical tunability of PA, which affords simultaneous enhancement of both the short-circuit current density (JSC) and the open-circuit voltage (VOC), and (ii) superior long-term stability (in particular, thermal and mechanical stability) of all-PSCs due to entangled long PA chains. In the second part of this Account, we discuss the device operation mechanism of all-PSCs and recognize the major challenges that need to be addressed in optimizing the performance of all-PSCs. The major difference between all-PSCs and fullerene-PSCs originates from the molecular structures and interactions, i.e., the electron transport ability in all-PSCs is significantly affected by the packing geometry of two-dimensional PA chains relative to the electrodes (e.g., face-on or edge-on orientation), whereas spherically shaped fullerene acceptors can facilitate isotropic electron transport properties in fullerene-PSCs. Moreover, the crystalline packing structures of PD and PA at the PD-PA interface greatly affect their free charge carrier generation efficiencies. The design of PA polymers (e.g., main backbone, side chain, and molecular weight) should therefore take account of optimizing three major aspects in all-PSCs: (1) the electron transport ability of PA, (2) the molecular packing structure and orientation of PA, and (3) the blend morphology. First, control of the backbone and side-chain structures, as well as the molecular weight, is critical for generating strong intermolecular assembly of PA and its network, thus enabling high electron transport ability of PA comparable to that of fullerenes. Second, the molecular orientation of anisotropically structured PA should be favorably controlled in order to achieve efficient charge transport as well as charge transfer at the PD-PA interface. For instance, face-to-face stacking between PD and PA at the interface is desired for efficient free charge carrier generation because misoriented chains often cause an additional energy barrier for overcoming the binding energy of the charge transfer state. Third, large-scale phase separation often occurs in all-PSCs because of the significantly reduced entropic contribution by two macromolecular chains of PD and PA that energetically disfavors mixing. In this Account, we review the recent progress toward overcoming each recognized challenge and intend to provide guidelines for the future design of PA. We believe that by optimization of the parameters discussed above the PCE values of all-PSCs will surpass the 10% level in the near future and that all-PSCs are promising candidates for the successful realization of flexible and portable power generators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunbum Kang
- Department
of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonho Lee
- Department
of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiho Oh
- Department
of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Taesu Kim
- Department
of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Changyeon Lee
- Department
of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumjoon J. Kim
- Department
of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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20
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Liu S, Kan Z, Thomas S, Cruciani F, Brédas JL, Beaujuge PM. Thieno[3,4-c
]pyrrole-4,6-dione-3,4-difluorothiophene Polymer Acceptors for Efficient All-Polymer Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201604307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengjian Liu
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, Solar & Photovoltaics Engineering Research Center (SPERC); King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhipeng Kan
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, Solar & Photovoltaics Engineering Research Center (SPERC); King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Simil Thomas
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, Solar & Photovoltaics Engineering Research Center (SPERC); King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Federico Cruciani
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, Solar & Photovoltaics Engineering Research Center (SPERC); King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Jean-Luc Brédas
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, Solar & Photovoltaics Engineering Research Center (SPERC); King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Pierre M. Beaujuge
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, Solar & Photovoltaics Engineering Research Center (SPERC); King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
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21
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Liu S, Kan Z, Thomas S, Cruciani F, Brédas JL, Beaujuge PM. Thieno[3,4-c
]pyrrole-4,6-dione-3,4-difluorothiophene Polymer Acceptors for Efficient All-Polymer Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:12996-13000. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201604307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengjian Liu
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, Solar & Photovoltaics Engineering Research Center (SPERC); King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhipeng Kan
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, Solar & Photovoltaics Engineering Research Center (SPERC); King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Simil Thomas
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, Solar & Photovoltaics Engineering Research Center (SPERC); King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Federico Cruciani
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, Solar & Photovoltaics Engineering Research Center (SPERC); King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Jean-Luc Brédas
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, Solar & Photovoltaics Engineering Research Center (SPERC); King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Pierre M. Beaujuge
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, Solar & Photovoltaics Engineering Research Center (SPERC); King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
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22
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Park JM, Park SK, Yoon WS, Kim JH, Kim DW, Choi TL, Park SY. Designing Thermally Stable Conjugated Polymers with Balanced Ambipolar Field-Effect Mobilities by Incorporating Cyanovinylene Linker Unit. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Mo Park
- Center
for Supramolecular Optoelectronic Materials, School of Materials Science
and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-744, Korea
- Department
of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | - Sang Kyu Park
- Center
for Supramolecular Optoelectronic Materials, School of Materials Science
and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-744, Korea
| | - Won Sik Yoon
- Center
for Supramolecular Optoelectronic Materials, School of Materials Science
and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-744, Korea
| | - Jin Hong Kim
- Center
for Supramolecular Optoelectronic Materials, School of Materials Science
and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-744, Korea
| | - Dong Won Kim
- Center
for Supramolecular Optoelectronic Materials, School of Materials Science
and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-744, Korea
| | - Tae-Lim Choi
- Department
of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | - Soo Young Park
- Center
for Supramolecular Optoelectronic Materials, School of Materials Science
and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-744, Korea
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23
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Sikder BK. A step towards the processability of insoluble or partially soluble functional and structural variants of polymers based on 3,4-alkylenedioxythiophene. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra20592e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This work describes the processability of insoluble or partially soluble polymers based on 3,4-alkylenedioxythiophene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikash Kumar Sikder
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
- Mumbai 400076
- India
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24
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Wang S, Yang Q, Tao Y, Guo Y, Yang J, Liu Y, Zhao L, Xie Z, Huang W. Fully conjugated block copolymers for single-component solar cells: synthesis, purification, and characterization. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj02636a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
All-polymer solar cells using the preparative GPC separated block copolymer P3HT-b-PBIT2 as a simple active layer show a power conversion efficiency of 1.0%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials
- Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Qingqing Yang
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
- China
| | - Youtian Tao
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials
- Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Jie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials
- Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials
- Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Lingyun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials
- Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Zhiyuan Xie
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
- China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials
- Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
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25
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Dou C, Long X, Ding Z, Xie Z, Liu J, Wang L. An Electron-Deficient Building Block Based on the B←N Unit: An Electron Acceptor for All-Polymer Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201508482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuandong Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 P.R. China
| | - Xiaojing Long
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 P.R. China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100864 (P.R. China
| | - Zicheng Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 P.R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 P.R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 P.R. China
| | - Lixiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 P.R. China
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26
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Dou C, Long X, Ding Z, Xie Z, Liu J, Wang L. An Electron-Deficient Building Block Based on the B←N Unit: An Electron Acceptor for All-Polymer Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 55:1436-40. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201508482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuandong Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 P.R. China
| | - Xiaojing Long
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 P.R. China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100864 (P.R. China
| | - Zicheng Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 P.R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 P.R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 P.R. China
| | - Lixiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 P.R. China
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27
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Scheuble M, Gross YM, Trefz D, Brinkmann M, López Navarrete JT, Ruiz Delgado MC, Ludwigs S. Polythiophenes with Thiophene Side Chain Extensions: Convergent Syntheses and Investigation of Mesoscopic Order. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Scheuble
- Institute
of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Y. M. Gross
- Institute
of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - D. Trefz
- Institute
of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - M. Brinkmann
- Institut
Charles Sadron, CNRS−Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue
du loess, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - J. T. López Navarrete
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga 29071, Spain
| | - M. C. Ruiz Delgado
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga 29071, Spain
| | - S. Ludwigs
- Institute
of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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28
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Nam S, Woo S, Seo J, Kim WH, Kim H, McNeill CR, Shin TJ, Bradley DDC, Kim Y. Pronounced Cosolvent Effects in Polymer:Polymer Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells with Sulfur-Rich Electron-Donating and Imide-Containing Electron-Accepting Polymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:15995-16002. [PMID: 26182427 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b04224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The performance of solar cells with a polymer:polymer bulk heterojunction (BHJ) structure, consisting of poly[4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-alt-3-fluorothieno[3,4-b]thiophene-2-carboxylate] (PTB7-Th) donor and poly[[N,N'-bis(2-octyldodecyl)-naphthalene-1,4,5,8-bis(dicarboximide)-2,6-diyl]-alt-5,5'-(2,2'-bithiophene)] (P(NDI2OD-T2)) acceptor polymers, was investigated as a function of cosolvent (p-xylene:chlorobenzene (pXL:CB)) composition ratio. A remarkable efficiency improvement (∼38%) was achieved by spin-coating the photoactive blend layer from pXL:CB = 80:20 (volume) rather than pXL alone, but the efficiency then decreased when the CB content increased further to pXL:CB = 60:40. The improved efficiency was correlated with a particular PTB7-Th:P(NDI2OD-T2) donor-acceptor blend nanostructure, evidenced by a fiber-like surface morphology, a red-shifted optical absorption, and enhanced PL quenching. Further device optimization for pXL:CB = 80:20 films yielded a power conversion efficiency of ∼5.4%. However, these devices showed very poor stability (∼15 min for a 50% reduction in initial efficiency), owing specifically to degradation of the PTB7-Th donor-component. Replacing PTB7-Th with a more stable donor polymer will be essential for any application potential to be realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungho Nam
- †Organic Nanoelectronics Laboratory, School of Applied Chemical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
- ‡Center for Plastic Electronics, Department of Physics, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Sungho Woo
- §Green Energy Research Division, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 711-873, Republic of Korea
| | - Jooyeok Seo
- †Organic Nanoelectronics Laboratory, School of Applied Chemical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Wook Hyun Kim
- §Green Energy Research Division, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 711-873, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwajeong Kim
- †Organic Nanoelectronics Laboratory, School of Applied Chemical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
- ∥Research Institute of Advanced Energy Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Tae Joo Shin
- #SAXS Beamline, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Donal D C Bradley
- ‡Center for Plastic Electronics, Department of Physics, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Youngkyoo Kim
- †Organic Nanoelectronics Laboratory, School of Applied Chemical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
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29
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Lee C, Kang H, Lee W, Kim T, Kim KH, Woo HY, Wang C, Kim BJ. High-performance all-polymer solar cells via side-chain engineering of the polymer acceptor: the importance of the polymer packing structure and the nanoscale blend morphology. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:2466-2471. [PMID: 25735644 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201405226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The effectiveness of side-chain engineering is demonstrated to produce highly efficient all-polymer solar cells (efficiency of 5.96%) using a series of naphthalene diimide-based polymer acceptors with controlled side chains. The dramatic changes in the polymer packing, blend morphology, and electron mobility of all-polymer solar cells elucidate clear trends in the photovoltaic performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
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30
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Geng Y, Huang J, Tajima K, Zeng Q, Zhou E. A low band gap n-type polymer based on dithienosilole and naphthalene diimide for all-polymer solar cells application. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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31
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He B, Dai J, Zherebetskyy D, Chen TL, Zhang BA, Teat SJ, Zhang Q, Wang L, Liu Y. A divergent route to core- and peripherally functionalized diazacoronenes that act as colorimetric and fluorescence proton sensors. Chem Sci 2015; 6:3180-3186. [PMID: 29142688 PMCID: PMC5657404 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc00304k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
One-stop center for functional polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons — a dichlorodiazaperylene intermediate has been synthesized and employed for the synthesis of highly functionalized coronene derivatives.
Combining core annulation and peripheral group modification, we have demonstrated a divergent synthesis of a family of highly functionalized coronene derivatives from a readily accessible dichlorodiazaperylene intermediate. Various reactions, such as aromatic nucleophilic substitution, Kumada coupling and Suzuki coupling proceed effectively on α-positions of the pyridine sites, giving rise to alkoxy, thioalkyl, alkyl or aryl substituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. In addition to peripheral group modulation, the aromatic core structures can be altered by annulation with thiophene or benzene ring systems. Corresponding single crystal X-ray diffraction and optical studies indicate that the heteroatom linkages not only impact the solid state packing, but also significantly influence the optoelectronic properties. Moreover, these azacoronene derivatives display significant acid-induced spectroscopic changes, suggesting their great potential as colorimetric and fluorescence proton sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo He
- The Molecular Foundry , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , USA .
| | - Jing Dai
- Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , 310027 , China
| | - Danylo Zherebetskyy
- Materials Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , USA
| | - Teresa L Chen
- The Molecular Foundry , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , USA .
| | - Benjamin A Zhang
- The Molecular Foundry , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , USA .
| | - Simon J Teat
- Advanced Light Source , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , USA
| | - Qichun Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue , 639798 , Singapore
| | - Linwang Wang
- Materials Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , USA
| | - Yi Liu
- The Molecular Foundry , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , USA .
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32
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Hwang YJ, Earmme T, Courtright BAE, Eberle FN, Jenekhe SA. n-Type Semiconducting Naphthalene Diimide-Perylene Diimide Copolymers: Controlling Crystallinity, Blend Morphology, and Compatibility Toward High-Performance All-Polymer Solar Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:4424-34. [DOI: 10.1021/ja513260w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 346] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Jin Hwang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1750, United States
| | - Taeshik Earmme
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1750, United States
| | - Brett A. E. Courtright
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1750, United States
| | - Frank N. Eberle
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1750, United States
| | - Samson A. Jenekhe
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1750, United States
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33
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Li H, Hwang YJ, Earmme T, Huber RC, Courtright BAE, O’Brien C, Tolbert SH, Jenekhe SA. Polymer/Polymer Blend Solar Cells Using Tetraazabenzodifluoranthene Diimide Conjugated Polymers as Electron Acceptors. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/ma502042k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Li
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1750, United States
| | - Ye-Jin Hwang
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1750, United States
| | - Taeshik Earmme
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1750, United States
| | - Rachel C. Huber
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Brett A. E. Courtright
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1750, United States
| | - Conor O’Brien
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1750, United States
| | - Sarah H. Tolbert
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los
Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Samson A. Jenekhe
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1750, United States
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34
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Kang H, Uddin MA, Lee C, Kim KH, Nguyen TL, Lee W, Li Y, Wang C, Woo HY, Kim BJ. Determining the Role of Polymer Molecular Weight for High-Performance All-Polymer Solar Cells: Its Effect on Polymer Aggregation and Phase Separation. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:2359-65. [DOI: 10.1021/ja5123182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyunbum Kang
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Gwahangno, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Mohammad Afsar Uddin
- Department
of Nanofusion Engineering, Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Korea
| | - Changyeon Lee
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Gwahangno, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Gwahangno, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Thanh Luan Nguyen
- Department
of Nanofusion Engineering, Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Korea
| | - Wonho Lee
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Gwahangno, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Yuxiang Li
- Department
of Nanofusion Engineering, Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Korea
| | - Cheng Wang
- Advanced
Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department
of Nanofusion Engineering, Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Korea
| | - Bumjoon J. Kim
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Gwahangno, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
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35
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Koo B, Sletten EM, Swager TM. Functionalized Poly(3-hexylthiophene)s via Lithium-Bromine Exchange. Macromolecules 2015; 48:229-235. [PMID: 25620811 PMCID: PMC4295809 DOI: 10.1021/ma5019044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) is
one of the most extensively investigated
conjugated polymers and has been employed as the active material in
many devices including field-effect transistors, organic photovoltaics
and sensors. As a result, methods to further tune the properties of
P3HT are desirable for specific applications. Herein, we report a
facile postpolymerization modification strategy to functionalize the
4-position of commercially available P3HT in two simple steps–bromination
of the 4-position of P3HT (Br–P3HT) followed by lithium−bromine
exchange and quenching with an electrophile. We achieved near quantitative
lithium–bromine exchange with Br–P3HT, which requires
over 100 thienyl lithiates to be present on a single polymer chain.
The lithiated-P3HT is readily combined with functional electrophiles,
resulting in P3HT derivatives with ketones, secondary alcohols, trimethylsilyl
(TMS) group, fluorine, or an azide at the 4-position. We demonstrated
that the azide-modified P3HT could undergo Cu-catalyzed or Cu-free
click chemistry, significantly expanding the complexity of the structures
that can be appended to P3HT using this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byungjin Koo
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ellen M Sletten
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Timothy M Swager
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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36
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Liu X, Xie Y, Zhao H, Cai X, Wu H, Su SJ, Cao Y. Star-shaped isoindigo-based small molecules as potential non-fullerene acceptors in bulk heterojunction solar cells. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj01893e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Two novel star-shaped isoindigo-based small molecules with different cores of triphenylamine and benzene were designed and synthesized as non-fullerene acceptor materials in organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
| | - Yuan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
| | - Haobin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
| | - Xinyi Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
| | - Hongbin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
| | - Shi-Jian Su
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
| | - Yong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
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37
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Nazim M, Ameen S, Akhtar MS, Seo HK, Shin HS. Furan-bridged thiazolo [5,4-d]thiazole based D–π–A–π–D type linear chromophore for solution-processed bulk-heterojunction organic solar cells. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra13655a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel furan-bridged thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole based π-conjugated organic chromophore (RFTzR) was formulated and utilized for the fabrication of solution-processed small molecule organic solar cells (SMOSCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Nazim
- Energy Materials & Surface Science Laboratory
- Solar Energy Research Center
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Chonbuk National University
- Jeonju
| | - Sadia Ameen
- Energy Materials & Surface Science Laboratory
- Solar Energy Research Center
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Chonbuk National University
- Jeonju
| | - M. Shaheer Akhtar
- New & Renewable Energy Material Development Center (NewREC)
- Chonbuk National University
- Jeonbuk
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Kee Seo
- Energy Materials & Surface Science Laboratory
- Solar Energy Research Center
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Chonbuk National University
- Jeonju
| | - Hyung-Shik Shin
- Energy Materials & Surface Science Laboratory
- Solar Energy Research Center
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Chonbuk National University
- Jeonju
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38
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Scheuble M, Goll M, Ludwigs S. Branched Terthiophenes in Organic Electronics: From Small Molecules to Polymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2014; 36:115-37. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201400525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Scheuble
- IPOC - Functional Polymers; Institute of Polymer Chemistry; University of Stuttgart; Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Miriam Goll
- IPOC - Functional Polymers; Institute of Polymer Chemistry; University of Stuttgart; Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Sabine Ludwigs
- IPOC - Functional Polymers; Institute of Polymer Chemistry; University of Stuttgart; Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
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39
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Kang H, Kim KH, Choi J, Lee C, Kim BJ. High-Performance All-Polymer Solar Cells Based on Face-On Stacked Polymer Blends with Low Interfacial Tension. ACS Macro Lett 2014; 3:1009-1014. [PMID: 35610784 DOI: 10.1021/mz500415a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We report highly efficient all-polymer solar cells with power conversion efficiencies of over 4.5% by highly intermixed blends of PTB7-Th donor and P(NDI2OD-T2) acceptor polymers. The low interfacial tension and the face-on π-π stackings of the all-polymer blends afforded desired nanophase morphology, which facilitates efficient charge transport from the active layer to each electrode. In addition, the incorporation of 1,8-diiodooctane additives was able to tune the degree of crystallinity and orientation of P(NDI2OD-T2) acceptors, resulting in remarkable enhancement of electron mobility, external quantum efficiency, and JSC values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunbum Kang
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonhyeong Choi
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Changyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumjoon J. Kim
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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40
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Earmme T, Hwang YJ, Subramaniyan S, Jenekhe SA. All-polymer bulk heterojuction solar cells with 4.8% efficiency achieved by solution processing from a co-solvent. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:6080-6085. [PMID: 25043958 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201401490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
All-polymer solar cells with 4.8% power conversion efficiency are achieved via solution processing from a co-solvent. The observed short-circuit current density of 10.5 mA cm(-2) and external quantum efficiency of 61.3% are also the best reported in all-polymer solar cells so far. The results demonstrate that processing the active layer from a co-solvent is an important strategy in achieving highly efficient all-polymer solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeshik Earmme
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195-1750, USA
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41
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Zhou E, Nakano M, Izawa S, Cong J, Osaka I, Takimiya K, Tajima K. All-Polymer Solar Cell with High Near-Infrared Response Based on a Naphthodithiophene Diimide (NDTI) Copolymer. ACS Macro Lett 2014; 3:872-875. [PMID: 35596351 DOI: 10.1021/mz5004272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Polymer-blend solar cells (all-PSCs) based on a copolymer of naphthodithiophene diimide and bithiophene (PNDTI-BT-DT) as a near-infrared absorber as well as an electron acceptor were fabricated in combination with PTB7 as an electron donor. Notably, the external quantum efficiency spectra of the all-PSCs demonstrated photoresponse up to 900 nm with the efficiency of 25% at 800 nm, which is much higher than that for the previously reported all-PSCs. Power conversion efficiency as high as 2.59% was achieved under the irradiation of simulated solar light (AM1.5, 100 mW/cm2). Both PNDTI-BT-DT and PTB7 formed a crystalline structure in the blend films similar to in the pristine films, leading to the efficient charge generation contributed from both polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erjun Zhou
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakano
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Izawa
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - Junzi Cong
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - Itaru Osaka
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kazuo Takimiya
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tajima
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory
Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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42
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Hwang YJ, Earmme T, Subramaniyan S, Jenekhe SA. Side chain engineering of n-type conjugated polymer enhances photocurrent and efficiency of all-polymer solar cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:10801-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc03722g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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43
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Kim H, Nam S, Jeong J, Lee S, Seo J, Han H, Kim Y. Organic solar cells based on conjugated polymers : History and recent advances. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-014-0154-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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44
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Marzano G, Ciasca CV, Babudri F, Bianchi G, Pellegrino A, Po R, Farinola GM. Organometallic Approaches to Conjugated Polymers for Plastic Solar Cells: From Laboratory Synthesis to Industrial Production. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201402226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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45
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Verswyvel M, Steverlynck J, Hadj Mohamed S, Trabelsi M, Champagne B, Koeckelberghs G. All-Conjugated ABC-block-copolymer Formation with a Varying Sequence via an Unassociated Catalyst. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma500610p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michiel Verswyvel
- Laboratory
of Polymer Synthesis, University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Joost Steverlynck
- Laboratory
of Polymer Synthesis, University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Slim Hadj Mohamed
- Laboratory
of Theoretical Chemistry, Unit of Theoretical and Structural Physico-Chemistry, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium
- Laboratory
of Applied Chemistry: Heterocyclics, Fats and Polymers, Faculty of
Sciences, University of Sfax, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mahmoud Trabelsi
- Laboratory
of Applied Chemistry: Heterocyclics, Fats and Polymers, Faculty of
Sciences, University of Sfax, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Benoît Champagne
- Laboratory
of Theoretical Chemistry, Unit of Theoretical and Structural Physico-Chemistry, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Guy Koeckelberghs
- Laboratory
of Polymer Synthesis, University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
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46
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Singh SP, Sharma GD. Near Infrared Organic Semiconducting Materials for Bulk Heterojunction and Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. CHEM REC 2014; 14:419-81. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201300041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Surya Prakash Singh
- Inorganic & Physical Chemistry Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technolog; Hyderabad 500607 India
| | - G. D. Sharma
- R & D center for Engineering and Science; JEC group of Colleges; Jaipur Engineering College Campus; Kukas Jaipur India
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47
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Yu W, Yang D, Zhu X, Wang X, Tu G, Fan D, Zhang J, Li C. Control of nanomorphology in all-polymer solar cells via assembling nanoaggregation in a mixed solution. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:2350-2355. [PMID: 24490718 DOI: 10.1021/am404483g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The formation of interconnected phase-separated domains on sub-20 nm length scale is a key requirement for all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) with high efficiency. Herein, we report the application of crystalline poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) nanowires via an O-dichlorobenzene/hexane mixed solution blended with poly{(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-alt-[4,7-bis(3-hexylthiophen-5-yl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole]-2',2″-diyl} (F8TBT) for the first time. The nanomorphology of P3HT:F8TBT all-PSCs can be controlled by P3HT nanowires. The improved film morphology leads to enhanced light absorption, exciton dissociation, and charge transport in all-PSCs, as confirmed by ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and time-resolved photoluminescence spectra. The P3HT nanowire:F8TBT all-PSCs could achieve a power conversion efficiency of 1.87% and a Voc of 1.35 V, both of which are the highest values for P3HT:F8TBT all-PSCs. This work demonstrates that the semiconductor nanowires fabricated by the mixed solvents method is an efficient solution process approach to controlling the nanomorphology of all-PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy , 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
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48
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49
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Zhou E, Cong J, Hashimoto K, Tajima K. Control of miscibility and aggregation via the material design and coating process for high-performance polymer blend solar cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2013; 25:6991-6996. [PMID: 24123294 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201303170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A power conversion efficiency of 3.6% for an all-polymer solar cell, which is the highest ever reported, is achieved by introducing a conjugated side chain into a p-type polymer to improve the miscibility of the polymer blend and by adding small amounts of 1,8-diiodooctane to increase the aggregation of n-type polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erjun Zhou
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, 351-0198, Japan
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50
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