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Wang Z, Christodoulides AD, Dai L, Zhou Y, Dai R, Xu Y, Nian Q, Wang J, Malen JA, Wang RY. Nanocrystal Ordering Enhances Thermal Transport and Mechanics in Single-Domain Colloidal Nanocrystal Superlattices. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:4669-4676. [PMID: 35639612 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal nanocrystal (NC) assemblies are promising for optoelectronic, photovoltaic, and thermoelectric applications. However, using these materials can be challenging in actual devices because they have a limited range of thermal conductivity and elastic modulus, which results in heat dissipation and mechanical robustness challenges. Here, we report thermal transport and mechanical measurements on single-domain colloidal PbS nanocrystal superlattices (NCSLs) that have long-range order as well as measurements on nanocrystal films (NCFs) that are comparatively disordered. Over an NC diameter range of 3.0-6.1 nm, we observe that NCSLs have thermal conductivities and Young's moduli that are up to ∼3 times higher than those of the corresponding NCFs. We also find that these properties are more sensitive to NC diameter in NCSLs relative to NCFs. Our measurements and computational modeling indicate that stronger ligand-ligand interactions due to enhanced ligand interdigitation and alignment in NCSLs account for the improved thermal transport and mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyong Wang
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport & Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Alexander D Christodoulides
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Lingyun Dai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Rui Dai
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport & Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Yifei Xu
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport & Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Qiong Nian
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport & Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Junlan Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Jonathan A Malen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Robert Y Wang
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport & Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
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2
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Theurer CP, Weber A, Richter M, Bender M, Michel P, Rana D, Kumar K, Bunz U, Scheele M, Tegeder P, Schreiber F, Broch K. Short-range organization and photophysical properties of CdSe quantum dots coupled with aryleneethynylenes. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:230001. [PMID: 35133295 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac52bd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid organic-inorganic nanomaterials composed of organic semiconductors and inorganic quantum dots (QDs) are promising candidates for opto-electronic devices in a sustainable internet of things. Especially their ability to combine the advantages of both compounds in one material with new functionality, the energy-efficient production possibility and the applicability in thin films with little resource consumption are key benefits of these materials. However, a major challenge one is facing for these hybrid materials is the lack of a detailed understanding of the organic-inorganic interface which hampers the widespread application in devices. We advance the understanding of this interface by studying the short-range organization and binding motif of aryleneethynylenes coupled to CdSe QDs as an example system with various experimental methods. Clear evidence for an incorporation of the organic ligands in between the inorganic QDs is found, and polarization-modulation infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy is shown to be a powerful technique to directly detect the binding in such hybrid thin-film systems. A monodentate binding and a connection of neighboring QDs by the aryleneethynylene molecules is identified. Using steady-state and time resolved spectroscopy, we further investigated the photophysics of these hybrid systems. Different passivation capabilities resulting in different decay dynamics of the QDs turned out to be the main influence of the ligands on the photophysics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph P Theurer
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Antonia Weber
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Richter
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253/229, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Bender
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrick Michel
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Debkumar Rana
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253/229, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Krishan Kumar
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Uwe Bunz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcus Scheele
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Center for Light-Matter Interactions, Sensors & Analytics (LISA+), Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Petra Tegeder
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253/229, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Schreiber
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Center for Light-Matter Interactions, Sensors & Analytics (LISA+), Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katharina Broch
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Center for Light-Matter Interactions, Sensors & Analytics (LISA+), Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
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3
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Liu J, Enomoto K, Takeda K, Inoue D, Pu YJ. Simple cubic self-assembly of PbS quantum dots by finely controlled ligand removal through gel permeation chromatography. Chem Sci 2021; 12:10354-10361. [PMID: 34377421 PMCID: PMC8336479 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02096j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The geometry in self-assembled superlattices of colloidal quantum dots (QDs) strongly affects their optoelectronic properties and is thus of critical importance for applications in optoelectronic devices. Here, we achieve the selective control of the geometry of colloidal quasi-spherical PbS QDs in highly-ordered two and three dimensional superlattices: Disordered, simple cubic (sc), and face-centered cubic (fcc). Gel permeation chromatography (GPC), not based on size-exclusion effects, is developed to quantitatively and continuously control the ligand coverage of PbS QDs. The obtained QDs can retain their high stability and photoluminescence on account of the chemically soft removal of the ligands by GPC. With increasing ligand coverage, the geometry of the self-assembled superlattices by solution-casting of the GPC-processed PbS QDs changed from disordered, sc to fcc because of the finely controlled ligand coverage and anisotropy on QD surfaces. Importantly, the highly-ordered sc supercrystal usually displays unique superfluorescence and is expected to show high charge transporting properties, but it has not yet been achieved for colloidal quasi-spherical QDs. It is firstly accessible by fine-tuning the QD ligand density using the GPC method here. This selective formation of different geometric superlattices based on GPC promises applications of such colloidal quasi-spherical QDs in high-performance optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Liu
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Kazushi Enomoto
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Kotaro Takeda
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Daishi Inoue
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Yong-Jin Pu
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
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4
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Giuntini D, Davydok A, Blankenburg M, Domènech B, Bor B, Li M, Scheider I, Krywka C, Müller M, Schneider GA. Deformation Behavior of Cross-Linked Supercrystalline Nanocomposites: An in Situ SAXS/WAXS Study during Uniaxial Compression. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:2891-2897. [PMID: 33749275 PMCID: PMC8155193 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c05041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
With the ever-expanding functional applications of supercrystalline nanocomposites (a relatively new category of materials consisting of organically functionalized nanoparticles arranged into periodic structures), it becomes necessary to ensure their structural stability and understand their deformation and failure mechanisms. Inducing the cross-linking of the functionalizing organic ligands, for instance, leads to a remarkable enhancement of the nanocomposites' mechanical properties. It is however still unknown how the cross-linked organic phase redistributes applied loads, how the supercrystalline lattice accommodates the imposed deformations, and thus in general what phenomena govern the overall material's mechanical response. This work elucidates these aspects for cross-linked supercrystalline nanocomposites through an in situ small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering study combined with uniaxial pressing. Because of this loading condition, it emerges that the cross-linked ligands effectively carry and distribute loads homogeneously throughout the nanocomposites, while the superlattice deforms via rotation, slip, and local defects generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diletta Giuntini
- Institute
of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University
of Technology, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anton Davydok
- Institute
of Materials Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Geesthacht, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Malte Blankenburg
- Institute
of Materials Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Geesthacht, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Berta Domènech
- Institute
of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University
of Technology, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Büsra Bor
- Institute
of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University
of Technology, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mingjing Li
- Institute
of Material Systems Modeling, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Geesthacht, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Ingo Scheider
- Institute
of Material Systems Modeling, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Geesthacht, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Christina Krywka
- Institute
of Materials Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Geesthacht, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Martin Müller
- Institute
of Materials Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Geesthacht, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Gerold A. Schneider
- Institute
of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University
of Technology, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
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5
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Kagan CR, Bassett LC, Murray CB, Thompson SM. Colloidal Quantum Dots as Platforms for Quantum Information Science. Chem Rev 2020; 121:3186-3233. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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6
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Lee B, Littrell K, Sha Y, Shevchenko EV. Revealing the Effects of the Non-solvent on the Ligand Shell of Nanoparticles and Their Crystallization. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:16651-16662. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b06010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Byeongdu Lee
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Kenneth Littrell
- Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Yuchen Sha
- Institute of Advanced Studies, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, P. R. China
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Elena V. Shevchenko
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
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7
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Patra TK, Chan H, Podsiadlo P, Shevchenko EV, Sankaranarayanan SKRS, Narayanan B. Ligand dynamics control structure, elasticity, and high-pressure behavior of nanoparticle superlattices. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:10655-10666. [PMID: 30839029 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr09699f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Precise engineering of nanoparticle superlattices (NPSLs) for energy applications requires a molecular-level understanding of the physical factors governing their morphology, periodicity, mechanics, and response to external stimuli. Such knowledge, particularly the impact of ligand dynamics on physical behavior of NPSLs, is still in its infancy. Here, we combine coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations, and small angle X-ray scattering experiments in a diamond anvil cell to demonstrate that coverage density of capping ligands (i.e., number of ligands per unit area of a nanoparticle's surface), strongly influences the structure, elasticity, and high-pressure behavior of NPSLs using face-centered cubic PbS-NPSLs as a representative example. We demonstrate that ligand coverage density dictates (a) the extent of diffusion of ligands over NP surfaces, (b) spatial distribution of the ligands in the interstitial spaces between neighboring NPs, and (c) the fraction of ligands that interdigitate across different nanoparticles. We find that below a critical coverage density (1.8 nm-2 for 7 nm PbS NPs capped with oleic acid), NPSLs collapse to form disordered aggregates via sintering, even under ambient conditions. Above the threshold ligand coverage density, NPSLs surprisingly preserve their crystalline order even under high applied pressures (∼40-55 GPa), and show a completely reversible pressure behavior. This opens the possibility of reversibly manipulating lattice spacing of NPSLs, and in turn, finely tuning their collective electronic, optical, thermo-mechanical, and magnetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarak K Patra
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA.
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8
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Kamysbayev V, Srivastava V, Ludwig NB, Borkiewicz OJ, Zhang H, Ilavsky J, Lee B, Chapman KW, Vaikuntanathan S, Talapin DV. Nanocrystals in Molten Salts and Ionic Liquids: Experimental Observation of Ionic Correlations Extending beyond the Debye Length. ACS NANO 2019; 13:5760-5770. [PMID: 30964280 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b01292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The nature of the interface between the solute and the solvent in a colloidal solution has attracted attention for a long time. For example, the surface of colloidal nanocrystals (NCs) is specially designed to impart colloidal stability in a variety of polar and nonpolar solvents. This work focuses on a special type of colloids where the solvent is a molten inorganic salt or organic ionic liquid. The stability of such colloids is hard to rationalize because solvents with high density of mobile charges efficiently screen the electrostatic double-layer repulsion, and purely ionic molten salts represent an extreme case where the Debye length is only ∼1 Å. We present a detailed investigation of NC dispersions in molten salts and ionic liquids using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), atomic pair distribution function (PDF) analysis and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Our SAXS analysis confirms that a wide variety of NCs (Pt, CdSe/CdS, InP, InAs, ZrO2) can be uniformly dispersed in molten salts like AlCl3/NaCl/KCl (AlCl3/AlCl4-) and NaSCN/KSCN and in ionic liquids like 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium halides (BMIM+X-, where X = Cl, Br, I). By using a combination of PDF analysis and molecular modeling, we demonstrate that the NC surface induces a solvent restructuring with electrostatic correlations extending an order of magnitude beyond the Debye screening length. These strong oscillatory ion-ion correlations, which are not accounted by the traditional mechanisms of steric and electrostatic stabilization of colloids, offer additional insight into solvent-solute interactions and enable apparently "impossible" colloidal stabilization in highly ionized media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav Kamysbayev
- Department of Chemistry and James Franck Institute , University of Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
| | - Vishwas Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry and James Franck Institute , University of Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
| | - Nicholas B Ludwig
- Department of Chemistry and James Franck Institute , University of Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
| | - Olaf J Borkiewicz
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source , Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and James Franck Institute , University of Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
| | - Jan Ilavsky
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source , Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - Byeongdu Lee
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source , Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - Karena W Chapman
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source , Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | | | - Dmitri V Talapin
- Department of Chemistry and James Franck Institute , University of Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
- Center for Nanoscale Materials , Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , Illinois 60439 , United States
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9
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Space- and time-resolved small angle X-ray scattering to probe assembly of silver nanocrystal superlattices. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4211. [PMID: 30310061 PMCID: PMC6181943 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06734-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The structure of nanocrystal superlattices has been extensively studied and well documented, however, their assembly process is poorly understood. In this work, we demonstrate an in situ space- and time-resolved small angle X-ray scattering measurement that we use to probe the assembly of silver nanocrystal superlattices driven by electric fields. The electric field creates a nanocrystal flux to the surface, providing a systematic means to vary the nanocrystal concentration near the electrode and thereby to initiate nucleation and growth of superlattices in several minutes. Using this approach, we measure the space- and time-resolved concentration and polydispersity gradients during deposition and show how they affect the superlattice constant and degree of order. We find that the field induces a size-selection effect that can reduce the polydispersity near the substrate by 21% leading to better quality crystals and resulting in field strength-dependent superlattice lattice constants.
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10
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Smilgies DM, Li R, Pileni MP. Au nanocrystal superlattices: nanocrystallinity, vicinal surfaces, and growth processes. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:15371-15378. [PMID: 30083696 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr04606a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Vicinal Au supracrystal surfaces were prepared from Ausingle single domain nanocrystals (NCs), whereas by replacing Ausingle with their polycrystalline counterparts common low-energy supracrystal surfaces were produced. By analogy to atomic crystalline surfaces, we propose a mechanism to explain the formation of such unexpected supracrystal vicinal surfaces, composed of only Ausingle NCs which are non-compact (bct structure) with a coherent alignment of the atomic planes oriented along the [111] superlattice axis and a slight tilt configuration (8.1°) of NCs. In the presence of Co(ε) NCs, these Ausingle supracrystals lose both the slightly tilted configuration of NCs and their orientational order leading to a superlattice transition from bct to fcc. In contrast, supracrystals of Aupoly NCs are insensitive to the presence of Co(ε) NCs. These intriguing structural changes obtained with Ausingle compared to Aupoly supracrystals in the absence and presence of Co(ε) NCs could explain the formation of vicinal surfaces. Note that the solvent used to disperse the nanocrystals plays a key role in the formation of supracrystal vicinal surfaces. Here, a new analogy between supracrystals and atomic crystals is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Detlef-M Smilgies
- Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS), Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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11
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Scanlon MD, Smirnov E, Stockmann TJ, Peljo P. Gold Nanofilms at Liquid–Liquid Interfaces: An Emerging Platform for Redox Electrocatalysis, Nanoplasmonic Sensors, and Electrovariable Optics. Chem Rev 2018; 118:3722-3751. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Micheál D. Scanlon
- The Bernal Institute and Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Limerick (UL), Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Evgeny Smirnov
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie Physique et Analytique (LEPA), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Rue de l’Industrie 17, CH-1951 Sion, Switzerland
| | - T. Jane Stockmann
- Interfaces, Traitements, Organisation et Dynamique des Systèmes, CNRS-UMR 7086, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris Diderot University, 15 Rue J.A. Baïf, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Pekka Peljo
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie Physique et Analytique (LEPA), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Rue de l’Industrie 17, CH-1951 Sion, Switzerland
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12
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Wang Z, Bian K, Nagaoka Y, Fan H, Cao YC. Regulating Multiple Variables To Understand the Nucleation and Growth and Transformation of PbS Nanocrystal Superlattices. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:14476-14482. [PMID: 28953387 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b06908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Nanocrystals (NCs) can self-assemble into ordered superlattices with collective properties, but the ability for controlling NC assembly remains poorly understandable toward achievement of desired superlattice. This work regulates several key variables of PbS NC assembly (e.g., NC concentration and solubility, solvent type, evaporation rate, seed mediation and thermal treatment), and thoroughly exploits the nucleation and growth as well as subsequent superlattice transformation of NC assembles and underneath mechanisms. PbS NCs in toluene self-assemble into a single face-centered-cubic (fcc) and body-centered-cubic (bcc) superlattice, respectively, at concentrations ≤17.5 and ≥70 mg/mL, but an intermediate concentration between them causes the coexistence of the two superlattices. Differently, NCs in hexane or chloroform self-assemble into only a single bcc superlattice. Distinct controls of NC assembly in solvent with variable concentrations confirm the NC concentration/solubility mediated nucleation and growth of superlattice, in which an evaporation-induced local gradient of NC concentration causes simultaneous nucleation of the two superlattices. The observation for the dense packing planes of NCs in fast growing fcc rather than bcc reveals the difference of entropic driving forces responsible for the two distinct superlattices. Decelerating the solvent evaporation does not amend the superlattice symmetry, but improves the superlattice crystallinity. In addition to shrinking the superlattice volume, thermal treatment also transforms the bcc to an fcc superlattice at 175 °C. Through a seed-meditated growth, the concentration-dependent superlattice does not change lattice symmetry over the course of continuous growth, whereas the newly nucleated secondary small nuclei through a concentration change have relatively higher surface energy and quickly dissolve in solution, providing additional NC sources for the ripening of the primarily nucleated larger and stable seeds. The observations under multiple controls of assembly parameters not only provide insights into the nucleation and growth as well as transformation of various superlattice polymorphs but also lay foundation for controlled fabrication of desired superlattice with tailored property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwu Wang
- Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Kaifu Bian
- Sandia National Laboratories, Advanced Materials Laboratory , 1001 University Boulevard SE, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106, United States
| | - Yasutaka Nagaoka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Hongyou Fan
- Sandia National Laboratories, Advanced Materials Laboratory , 1001 University Boulevard SE, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106, United States.,Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering, Center for Micro-Engineered Materials, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106, United States
| | - Y Charles Cao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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13
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Chistyakov AA, Zvaigzne MA, Nikitenko VR, Tameev AR, Martynov IL, Prezhdo OV. Optoelectronic Properties of Semiconductor Quantum Dot Solids for Photovoltaic Applications. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:4129-4139. [PMID: 28799772 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b00671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dot (QD) solids represent a new type of condensed matter drawing high fundamental and applied interest. Quantum confinement in individual QDs, combined with macroscopic scale whole materials, leads to novel exciton and charge transfer features that are particularly relevant to optoelectronic applications. This Perspective discusses the structure of semiconductor QD solids, optical and spectral properties, charge carrier transport, and photovoltaic applications. The distance between adjacent nanoparticles and surface ligands influences greatly electrostatic interactions between QDs and, hence, charge and energy transfer. It is almost inevitable that QD solids exhibit energetic disorder that bears many similarities to disordered organic semiconductors, with charge and exciton transport described by the multiple trapping model. QD solids are synthesized at low cost from colloidal solutions by casting, spraying, and printing. A judicious selection of a layer sequence involving QDs with different size, composition, and ligands can be used to harvest sunlight over a wide spectral range, leading to inexpensive and efficient photovoltaic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Chistyakov
- National Research Nuclear University "MEPhI" (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute) , Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - M A Zvaigzne
- National Research Nuclear University "MEPhI" (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute) , Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - V R Nikitenko
- National Research Nuclear University "MEPhI" (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute) , Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - A R Tameev
- National Research Nuclear University "MEPhI" (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute) , Moscow 115409, Russia
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences , 31-building 4 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - I L Martynov
- National Research Nuclear University "MEPhI" (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute) , Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - O V Prezhdo
- National Research Nuclear University "MEPhI" (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute) , Moscow 115409, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Physics, and Department of Astronomy, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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14
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Yu Y, Yu D, Orme CA. Reversible, Tunable, Electric-Field Driven Assembly of Silver Nanocrystal Superlattices. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:3862-3869. [PMID: 28511013 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b01323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Nanocrystal superlattices are typically fabricated by either solvent evaporation or destabilization methods that require long time periods to generate highly ordered structures. In this paper, we report for the first time the use of electric fields to reversibly drive nanocrystal assembly into superlattices without changing solvent volume or composition, and show that this method only takes 20 min to produce polyhedral colloidal crystals, which would otherwise need days or weeks. This method offers a way to control the lattice constants and degree of preferential orientation for superlattices and can suppress the uniaxial superlattice contraction associated with solvent evaporation. In situ small-angle X-ray scattering experiments indicated that nanocrystal superlattices were formed while solvated, not during drying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Yu
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory , 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Dian Yu
- University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Christine A Orme
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory , 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, United States
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15
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Sayevich V, Guhrenz C, Dzhagan VM, Sin M, Werheid M, Cai B, Borchardt L, Widmer J, Zahn DRT, Brunner E, Lesnyak V, Gaponik N, Eychmüller A. Hybrid N-Butylamine-Based Ligands for Switching the Colloidal Solubility and Regimentation of Inorganic-Capped Nanocrystals. ACS NANO 2017; 11:1559-1571. [PMID: 28052188 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b06996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We report on a simple and effective technique of tuning the colloidal solubility of inorganic-capped CdSe and CdSe/CdS core/shell nanocrystals (NCs) from highly polar to nonpolar media using n-butylamine molecules. The introduction of the short and volatile organic amine mainly results in a modification of the labile diffusion region of the inorganic-capped NCs, enabling a significant extension of their dispersibility and improving the ability to form long-range assemblies. Moreover, the hybrid n-butylamine/inorganic capping can be thermally decomposed under mild heat treatment, making this approach of surface functionalization well-compatible with a low-temperature, solution-processed device fabrication. Particularly, a field-effect transistor-based on n-butylamine/Ga-I-complex-capped 4.5 nm CdSe NC solids shows excellent transport characteristics with electron mobilities up to 2 cm2/(V·s) and a high current modulation value (>104) at a low operation voltage (<2 V).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Sayevich
- Physical Chemistry and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfAED), TU Dresden , Bergstr. 66b, Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Chris Guhrenz
- Physical Chemistry and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfAED), TU Dresden , Bergstr. 66b, Dresden 01062, Germany
| | | | - Maria Sin
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Bioanalytical Chemistry, TU Dresden , Bergstr. 66, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - Matthias Werheid
- Physical Chemistry and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfAED), TU Dresden , Bergstr. 66b, Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Bin Cai
- Physical Chemistry and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfAED), TU Dresden , Bergstr. 66b, Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Lars Borchardt
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, TU Dresden , Bergstr. 66, Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Johannes Widmer
- Institut für Angewandte Photophysik, TU Dresden , George-Bähr-Str. 1, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | | | - Eike Brunner
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Bioanalytical Chemistry, TU Dresden , Bergstr. 66, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - Vladimir Lesnyak
- Physical Chemistry and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfAED), TU Dresden , Bergstr. 66b, Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Nikolai Gaponik
- Physical Chemistry and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfAED), TU Dresden , Bergstr. 66b, Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Alexander Eychmüller
- Physical Chemistry and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfAED), TU Dresden , Bergstr. 66b, Dresden 01062, Germany
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16
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Boles MA, Engel M, Talapin DV. Self-Assembly of Colloidal Nanocrystals: From Intricate Structures to Functional Materials. Chem Rev 2016; 116:11220-89. [PMID: 27552640 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1049] [Impact Index Per Article: 131.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chemical methods developed over the past two decades enable preparation of colloidal nanocrystals with uniform size and shape. These Brownian objects readily order into superlattices. Recently, the range of accessible inorganic cores and tunable surface chemistries dramatically increased, expanding the set of nanocrystal arrangements experimentally attainable. In this review, we discuss efforts to create next-generation materials via bottom-up organization of nanocrystals with preprogrammed functionality and self-assembly instructions. This process is often driven by both interparticle interactions and the influence of the assembly environment. The introduction provides the reader with a practical overview of nanocrystal synthesis, self-assembly, and superlattice characterization. We then summarize the theory of nanocrystal interactions and examine fundamental principles governing nanocrystal self-assembly from hard and soft particle perspectives borrowed from the comparatively established fields of micrometer colloids and block copolymer assembly. We outline the extensive catalog of superlattices prepared to date using hydrocarbon-capped nanocrystals with spherical, polyhedral, rod, plate, and branched inorganic core shapes, as well as those obtained by mixing combinations thereof. We also provide an overview of structural defects in nanocrystal superlattices. We then explore the unique possibilities offered by leveraging nontraditional surface chemistries and assembly environments to control superlattice structure and produce nonbulk assemblies. We end with a discussion of the unique optical, magnetic, electronic, and catalytic properties of ordered nanocrystal superlattices, and the coming advances required to make use of this new class of solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Boles
- Department of Chemistry and James Franck Institute, University of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Michael Engel
- Institute for Multiscale Simulation, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg , 91052 Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Dmitri V Talapin
- Department of Chemistry and James Franck Institute, University of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Lab , Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
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17
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Abstract
X-ray scattering is a structural characterization tool that has impacted diverse fields of study. It is unique in its ability to examine materials in real time and under realistic sample environments, enabling researchers to understand morphology at nanometer and angstrom length scales using complementary small and wide angle X-ray scattering (SAXS, WAXS), respectively. Herein, we focus on the use of SAXS to examine nanoscale particulate systems. We provide a theoretical foundation for X-ray scattering, considering both form factor and structure factor, as well as the use of correlation functions, which may be used to determine a particle's size, size distribution, shape, and organization into hierarchical structures. The theory is expanded upon with contemporary use cases. Both transmission and reflection (grazing incidence) geometries are addressed, as well as the combination of SAXS with other X-ray and non-X-ray characterization tools. We conclude with an examination of several key areas of research where X-ray scattering has played a pivotal role, including in situ nanoparticle synthesis, nanoparticle assembly, and operando studies of catalysts and energy storage materials. Throughout this review we highlight the unique capabilities of X-ray scattering for structural characterization of materials in their native environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Andrew J Senesi
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Byeongdu Lee
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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18
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Lu C, Tang Z. Advanced Inorganic Nanoarchitectures from Oriented Self-Assembly. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:1096-108. [PMID: 26488133 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201502869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Complex and well-defined nanostructures are promising for emerging properties with broad applications. Self-assembly processes driven by diverse interactions generate varied nanostructures by using versatile nanocrystals as building blocks, while oriented attachment growth allows individual nanocrystals to be integrated and fused into highly anisotropic structures. By a combination of self-assembly technique and oriented attachment growth, many advanced nanostructures can be made. Such approaches can be viewed as an architecture of the nanoscale counterparts in the microworld, named as nanoarchitectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenguang Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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19
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Abécassis B. Three-Dimensional Self Assembly of Semiconducting Colloidal Nanocrystals: From Fundamental Forces to Collective Optical Properties. Chemphyschem 2015; 17:618-31. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201500856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Abécassis
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides; CNRS; Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay; 91405 Orsay Cedex France
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20
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Abstract
Herein, a general method to calculate the scattering functions of polyhedra, including both regular and semi-regular polyhedra, is presented. These calculations may be achieved by breaking a polyhedron into sets of congruent pieces, thereby reducing computation time by taking advantage of Fourier transforms and inversion symmetry. Each piece belonging to a set or subunit can be generated by either rotation or translation. Further, general strategies to compute truncated, concave and stellated polyhedra are provided. Using this method, the asymptotic behaviors of the polyhedral scattering functions are compared with that of a sphere. It is shown that, for a regular polyhedron, the form factor oscillation at highqis correlated with the face-to-face distance. In addition, polydispersity affects the Porod constant. The ideas presented herein will be important for the characterization of nanomaterials using small-angle scattering.
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21
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Baranov AV, Ushakova EV, Golubkov VV, Litvin AP, Parfenov PS, Fedorov AV, Berwick K. Self-organization of colloidal PbS quantum dots into highly ordered superlattices. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:506-513. [PMID: 25514192 DOI: 10.1021/la503913z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
X-ray structural analysis, together with steady-state and transient optical spectroscopy, is used for studying the morphology and optical properties of quantum dot superlattices (QDSLs) formed on glass substrates by the self-organization of PbS quantum dots with a variety of surface ligands. The diameter of the PbS QDs varies from 2.8 to 8.9 nm. The QDSL's period is proportional to the dot diameter, increasing slightly with dot size due to the increase in ligand layer thickness. Removal of the ligands has a number of effects on the morphology of QDSLs formed from the dots of different sizes: for small QDs the reduction in the amount of ligands obstructs the self-organization process, impairing the ordering of the QDSLs, while for large QDs the ordering of the superlattice structure is improved, with an interdot distance as low as 0.4 nm allowing rapid charge carrier transport through the QDSLs. QDSL formation does not induce significant changes to the absorption and photoluminescence spectra of the QDs. However, the luminescence decay time is reduced dramatically, due to the appearance of nonradiative relaxation channels.
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22
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Yu Y, Jain A, Guillaussier A, Voggu VR, Truskett TM, Smilgies DM, Korgel BA. Nanocrystal superlattices that exhibit improved order on heating: an example of inverse melting? Faraday Discuss 2015; 181:181-92. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fd00006h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Grazing incidence small angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) measurements reveal that superlattices of 1.7 nm diameter, gold (Au) nanocrystals capped with octadecanethiol become significantly more ordered when heated to moderate temperatures (50–60 °C). This enhancement in order is reversible and the superlattice returns to its initially disordered structure when cooled back to room temperature. Disorder–order transition temperatures were estimated from the GISAXS data using the Hansen–Verlet criterion. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements of the superlattices exhibited exotherms (associated with disordering during cooling) and endotherms (associated with ordering during heating) near the transition temperatures. The superlattice transition temperatures also correspond approximately to the melting and solidification points of octadecanethiol. Therefore, it appears that a change in capping ligand packing that occurs upon ligand melting underlies the structural transition of the superlattices. We liken the heat-induced ordering of the superlattices to an inverse melting transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Yu
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering
- Texas Materials Institute
- Center for Nano- and Molecular Science and Technology
- The University of Texas at Austin
- Austin
| | - Avni Jain
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering
- Texas Materials Institute
- Center for Nano- and Molecular Science and Technology
- The University of Texas at Austin
- Austin
| | - Adrien Guillaussier
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering
- Texas Materials Institute
- Center for Nano- and Molecular Science and Technology
- The University of Texas at Austin
- Austin
| | - Vikas Reddy Voggu
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering
- Texas Materials Institute
- Center for Nano- and Molecular Science and Technology
- The University of Texas at Austin
- Austin
| | - Thomas M. Truskett
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering
- Texas Materials Institute
- Center for Nano- and Molecular Science and Technology
- The University of Texas at Austin
- Austin
| | - Detlef-M. Smilgies
- Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS)
- Cornell University
- Ithaca
- USA
| | - Brian A. Korgel
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering
- Texas Materials Institute
- Center for Nano- and Molecular Science and Technology
- The University of Texas at Austin
- Austin
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23
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Scheele M, Brütting W, Schreiber F. Coupled organic–inorganic nanostructures (COIN). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:97-111. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp03094j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Materials to devices: coupled organic–inorganic nanostructures provide versatile perspectives for quantum dot-based optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Scheele
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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24
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Magneto-fluorescent core-shell supernanoparticles. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5093. [PMID: 25298155 PMCID: PMC4264679 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Magneto-fluorescent particles have been recognized as an emerging class of materials that exhibit great potential in advanced applications. However, synthesizing such magneto-fluorescent nanomaterials that simultaneously exhibit uniform and tunable sizes, high magnetic content loading, maximized fluorophore coverage at the surface, and a versatile surface functionality has proven challenging. Here we report a simple approach for co-assembling magnetic nanoparticles with fluorescent quantum dots to form colloidal magneto-fluorescent supernanoparticles. Importantly, these supernanoparticles exhibit a superstructure consisting of a close packed magnetic nanoparticle “core” which is fully surrounded by a “shell” of fluorescent quantum dots. A thin layer of silica-coating provides high colloidal stability and biocompatiblity and a versatile surface functionality. We demonstrate that after surface pegylation, these silica-coated magneto-fluorescent supernanoparticles can be magnetically manipulated inside living cells while being optically tracked. Moreover, our silica-coated magneto-fluorescent supernanoparticles can also serve as an in vivo multi-photon and magnetic resonance dual-modal imaging probe.
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25
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Loubat A, Impéror-Clerc M, Pansu B, Meneau F, Raquet B, Viau G, Lacroix LM. Growth and self-assembly of ultrathin Au nanowires into expanded hexagonal superlattice studied by in situ SAXS. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:4005-12. [PMID: 24665883 DOI: 10.1021/la500549z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We report the self-assembly of gold nanowires into hexagonal superlattices in liquid phase followed by in situ small-angle X-ray scattering and give new insights into their growth mechanism. The unprecedented large interwire distance of 8 nm strongly suggests the stabilization of the ultrathin gold nanowires by a ligand's double layer composed of oleylamine and oleylammonium chloride. The one-dimensional growth is discussed, opening perspectives toward the control growth and self-assemblies of metallic nanowires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Loubat
- INSA, UPS, LPCNO (Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-Objets), Université de Toulouse , F-31077 Toulouse, France
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26
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Kaushik AP, Lukose B, Clancy P. The role of shape on electronic structure and charge transport in faceted PbSe nanocrystals. ACS NANO 2014; 8:2302-2317. [PMID: 24548107 DOI: 10.1021/nn405755n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We have determined the effect of shape on the charge transport characteristics of nanocrystals. Our study looked at the explicit determination of the electronic properties of faceted nanocrystals that essentially probe the limit of current computational reach, i.e., nanocrystals from 1.53 to 2.1 nm in diameter. These nanocrystals, which resemble PbSe systems, are either bare or covered in short ligands. They also differ in shape, octahedral vs cube-octahedral, and in superlattice symmetry (fcc vs bcc). We have provided insights on electron and hole coupling along different facets and overall charge mobility in bcc and fcc superlattices. We have determined that the relative areas of (100) to (111) facets, and facet atom types are important factors governing the optimization of charge transport. The calculated electronic density of states shows no role of -SCH3- ligands on states near the band gap. Electron coupling between nanocrystals is significantly higher than that of hole coupling; thiol ligands lower the ratio between electron and hole couplings. Stronger coupling exists between smaller nanocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananth P Kaushik
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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27
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Kershaw SV, Susha AS, Rogach AL. Narrow bandgap colloidal metal chalcogenide quantum dots: synthetic methods, heterostructures, assemblies, electronic and infrared optical properties. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:3033-87. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35331h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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28
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Yu Y, Bosoy CA, Hessel CM, Smilgies DM, Korgel BA. Silicon nanocrystal superlattices. Chemphyschem 2012; 14:84-7. [PMID: 23172741 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201200738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Materials Institute and Center for Nano- and Molecular Science and Technology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1062, USA
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29
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Lu C, Akey AJ, Dahlman CJ, Zhang D, Herman IP. Resolving the Growth of 3D Colloidal Nanoparticle Superlattices by Real-Time Small-Angle X-ray Scattering. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:18732-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ja307848h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenguang Lu
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United
States
| | - Austin J. Akey
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United
States
| | - Clayton J. Dahlman
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United
States
| | - Datong Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United
States
| | - Irving P. Herman
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United
States
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30
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Kaushik AP, Clancy P. Solvent-driven symmetry of self-assembled nanocrystal superlattices-A computational study. J Comput Chem 2012; 34:523-32. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.23152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2012] [Revised: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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31
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PbS-Organic Mesocrystals: The Relationship between Nanocrystal Orientation and Superlattice Array. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201204583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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32
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Simon P, Rosseeva E, Baburin IA, Liebscher L, Hickey SG, Cardoso-Gil R, Eychmüller A, Kniep R, Carrillo-Cabrera W. PbS-Organic Mesocrystals: The Relationship between Nanocrystal Orientation and Superlattice Array. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:10776-81. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201204583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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33
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Park J, Zheng H, Lee WC, Geissler PL, Rabani E, Alivisatos AP. Direct observation of nanoparticle superlattice formation by using liquid cell transmission electron microscopy. ACS NANO 2012; 6:2078-85. [PMID: 22360715 DOI: 10.1021/nn203837m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Direct imaging of nanoparticle solutions by liquid phase transmission electron microscopy has enabled unique in situ studies of nanoparticle motion and growth. In the present work, we report on real-time formation of two-dimensional nanoparticle arrays in the very low diffusive limit, where nanoparticles are mainly driven by capillary forces and solvent fluctuations. We find that superlattice formation appears to be segregated into multiple regimes. Initially, the solvent front drags the nanoparticles, condensing them into an amorphous agglomerate. Subsequently, the nanoparticle crystallization into an array is driven by local fluctuations. Following the crystallization event, superlattice growth can also occur via the addition of individual nanoparticles drawn from outlying regions by different solvent fronts. The dragging mechanism is consistent with simulations based on a coarse-grained lattice gas model at the same limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungwon Park
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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34
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Ihly R, Tolentino J, Liu Y, Gibbs M, Law M. The photothermal stability of PbS quantum dot solids. ACS NANO 2011; 5:8175-86. [PMID: 21888407 DOI: 10.1021/nn2033117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We combine optical absorption spectroscopy, ex situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging, and variable-temperature measurements to study the effect of ultraviolet (UV) light and heat treatments on ethanedithiol-treated PbS quantum dot (QD) films as a function of ambient atmosphere, temperature, and QD size. Film aging occurs mainly by oxidation or ripening and sintering depending on QD size and the presence of oxygen. We can stop QD oxidation and greatly suppress ripening by infilling the films with amorphous Al(2)O(3) using room-temperature atomic layer deposition (ALD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachelle Ihly
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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35
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Paik T, Ko DK, Gordon TR, Doan-Nguyen V, Murray CB. Studies of liquid crystalline self-assembly of GdF₃ nanoplates by in-plane, out-of-plane SAXS. ACS NANO 2011; 5:8322-30. [PMID: 21905726 DOI: 10.1021/nn203049t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Directed self-assembly of colloidal nanocrystals into ordered superlattices enables the preparation of novel metamaterials with diverse functionalities. Structural control and precise characterization of these superlattices allow the interactions between individual nanocrystal building blocks and the origin of their collective properties to be understood. Here, we report the directed liquid interfacial assembly of gadolinium trifluoride (GdF(3)) nanoplates into liquid crystalline assemblies displaying long-range orientational and positional order. The macroscopic orientation of superlattices is controlled by changing the subphases upon which liquid interfacial assembly occurs. The assembled structures are characterized by a combination of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements performed on a laboratory diffractometer. By doping GdF(3) nanoplates with europium (Eu(3+)), luminescent phosphorescent superlattices with controlled structure are produced and enable detailed structural and optical characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taejong Paik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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36
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Goodfellow BW, Patel RN, Panthani MG, Smilgies DM, Korgel BA. Melting and Sintering of a Body-Centered Cubic Superlattice of PbSe Nanocrystals Followed by Small Angle X-ray Scattering. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2011; 115:6397-6404. [PMID: 21566701 PMCID: PMC3090084 DOI: 10.1021/jp2004908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The structural evolution of a body-centered cubic (bcc) superlattice of 6.6 nm diameter organic ligand-coated PbSe nanocrystals was studied in situ by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) as it was heated in air from room temperature to 350°C. As it was heated above room temperature, the superlattice contracted slightly, but maintained bcc structure up to 110°C. Once the temperature rose above 110°C, the superlattice began to disorder, by first losing long-range translational order and then local positional order. At temperatures exceeding 168°C, the nanocrystals sintered and oxidized, transforming into PbSeO(3) nanorods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian W. Goodfellow
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Materials Institute, Center for Nano- and Molecular Science and Technology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1062
| | - Reken N. Patel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Materials Institute, Center for Nano- and Molecular Science and Technology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1062
| | - Matthew G. Panthani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Materials Institute, Center for Nano- and Molecular Science and Technology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1062
| | - Detlef-M. Smilgies
- Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS), Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Brian A. Korgel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Materials Institute, Center for Nano- and Molecular Science and Technology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1062
- Corresponding author: ; (T) 512-471-5633; (F) 512-471-7060
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Zhao Y, Zhang J, Wang Q, Li J, Han B. Water-in-oil-in-water double nanoemulsion induced by CO2. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:684-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp00869a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Bodnarchuk MI, Kovalenko MV, Heiss W, Talapin DV. Energetic and Entropic Contributions to Self-Assembly of Binary Nanocrystal Superlattices: Temperature as the Structure-Directing Factor. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:11967-77. [PMID: 20701285 DOI: 10.1021/ja103083q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryna I. Bodnarchuk
- Department of Chemistry and James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, and Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, A-4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Maksym V. Kovalenko
- Department of Chemistry and James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, and Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, A-4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Heiss
- Department of Chemistry and James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, and Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, A-4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Dmitri V. Talapin
- Department of Chemistry and James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, and Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, A-4040 Linz, Austria
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Tam E, Podsiadlo P, Shevchenko E, Ogletree DF, Delplancke-Ogletree MP, Ashby PD. Mechanical properties of face-centered cubic supercrystals of nanocrystals. NANO LETTERS 2010; 10:2363-2367. [PMID: 20515036 DOI: 10.1021/nl1001313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We report the first nanoindentation studies of well-ordered nanocrystal supercrystals composed of 7 nm lead sulfide nanocrystals stabilized with oleic acid ligands as a model system. Their modulus and hardness were found to be similar to hard polymers at 1.7 GPa and 70 MPa, respectively, and the fracture toughness was 40 KPa/m(1/2), revealing the brittle nature of these materials. The mechanical properties are dominated by the organic capping agents surrounding the inorganic cores. The close-packed structure distributes stress evenly increasing the modulus and hardness. The relatively short ligands are not likely to be highly interdigitated leading to low dissipation during crack propagation and a low-fracture toughness value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Tam
- Chemicals and Materials Department, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
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Podsiadlo P, Krylova G, Lee B, Critchley K, Gosztola DJ, Talapin DV, Ashby PD, Shevchenko EV. The Role of Order, Nanocrystal Size, and Capping Ligands in the Collective Mechanical Response of Three-Dimensional Nanocrystal Solids. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:8953-60. [DOI: 10.1021/ja100464a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Podsiadlo
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, School of Physics, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS29JT, United Kingdom, Chemistry Department, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, and The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Galyna Krylova
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, School of Physics, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS29JT, United Kingdom, Chemistry Department, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, and The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Byeongdu Lee
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, School of Physics, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS29JT, United Kingdom, Chemistry Department, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, and The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Kevin Critchley
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, School of Physics, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS29JT, United Kingdom, Chemistry Department, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, and The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - David J. Gosztola
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, School of Physics, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS29JT, United Kingdom, Chemistry Department, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, and The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Dmitri V. Talapin
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, School of Physics, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS29JT, United Kingdom, Chemistry Department, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, and The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Paul D. Ashby
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, School of Physics, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS29JT, United Kingdom, Chemistry Department, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, and The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Elena V. Shevchenko
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, School of Physics, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS29JT, United Kingdom, Chemistry Department, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, and The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
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